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REPORT 



OF THE 



INTERNATIONAL POLAR EXPEDITION 



TO 



POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 



IN RESPONSE TO 



THE RESOLUTION OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OF DECEMBER 11, 1884. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1885. 



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03T 15 
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48th Congress, ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( Ex. Doc. 



2d Session. i \ No. 44 



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EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



LETTER 



FROM 



THE SECEETAEY OF WAR, 



TRANSMITTING, 



In response to a resolution of the House, the report of the International Polar Expedition to Point 

Barrow, Alaska. 



December 10, lf84. — Referred (o the Committee on Naval Affairs /uul ordered to 1)6 printed. 



LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL. 



War Department, 
Washington City, December 15, 1884. 
The Secretary of War Las the honor to transmit to the House of Representatives the report of 
the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, together with the letter of the Chief 
Signal Officer of the Army, of this date, submitting the report to this Department, the same being 
furnished in response to the resolution of the House of Representatives of December 11, 1884, as 
follows : 

" Resolved, That the Secretary of War be requested to transmit to the House of Representa- 
tives, if not inconsistent with the public service, the report of the International Polar Expedition 
to Point Barrow, Alaska, by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. Army, for the years 1881, 1882, and 1883." 

ROBERT T. LINCOLN, 

Secretary of War. 
The Speaker of the House op Representatives. 



War Department, 
Office op the Chief Signal Officer, 

Washington City, December 15, 18S4. 
Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of the International Polar Expedition 
to Point Barrow, Alaska, called for by resolution of House of Representatives of December 12, 
1884. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. B. HAZEN, 

Brigadier and Brevet Major General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. 
The Hon. Secretary op War, Washington, D. C. 



LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



Washington, D. 0., November 1, 1S34. 

Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith a full report of the operations of the International 
Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, under my command, for the years 1881, 1882, and 1883. 

The work in meteorology and magnetism is as complete as it was possible to make it with the 
means placed at my disposal. 

The work of geographical exploration, having been made of secondary importance, was confined 
to such short expeditions as I was able to make from the home station, without suspending oi 
interfering with the regular work ; but enough was done to demonstrate that the work of explora- 
tion in the Arctic can be carried on, at any season of the year, with the assistance of the natives, 
with comparative safety and but very little suffering, and I trust that our experience will tend to 
remove some of the prejudices now existing in the public mind against Arctic exploration. 

I regret exceedingly that I was not given more time to prepare myself for this undertaking, 
as my previous training had not been of such a character as to fit me for it, except in the matter 
of command and equipment. 

I cannot speak too highly of the faithfulness and devotion of the members of the expedition 
to their duty. To their cheerful assistance and ready obedience is due all credit for the success 
attending the expedition. 

In preparing this report I have been placed under many obligations to Prof. Spencer F. Baird, 
Director of the United States National Museum, and to Prof. J. E. Hilgard, Superintendent United 
States Coast and Geodetic Survey, for advice, as well as valuable assistance in their departments; 
also to Mr. Charles A. Schott, assistant, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, for the reduc- 
tion and discussion- of the magnetic observations; to Mr. E. S. Avery, United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey, for the reduction and discussions of tides ; to Private A. L. McEae, Signal 
Corps, U. S. Army, for the reduction and discussion of the ground currents ; and to Sergt. John 
Murdoch, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, naturalist of the expedition, for his able and valuable 
assistance throughout the whole expedition, and in preparing this report. 

I am, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 

P. H. EAY, 

First Lieutenant Eighth XI. 8. Infantry, A. 8. 0., Commanding Expedition. 

Chief Signal Officer, United States Army, 

Washington , D. (J. 



CONTENTS. 



Part I.— Orders and Instructions. 

Part II.— Narrative. 

Part III.-Ethnografhical sketch of the natives of Point Barrow (including vocabulary and list op 

ethnological specimens collected). 
Part IV.— Natural history. 
Part V.— Meteorology (including aurora). 
Part VI.— Magnetism. 
Part VII.— Tides. 
Part VIII.— Miscellaneous observations (earth currents, etc.). 



PAET I. 



ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS. 



[Special Orders No. 102.] 

Wai: Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 

Washington, I). C, June 24, 1881. 

[Extract.] 



IV. By direction of the Secretary of War, the following-named officers, civilians, and enlisted 
men are assigned to duty as the expeditionary force to Point Barrow, Alaska Territory, viz : First 
Lieut. P. Henry Bay, Eighth Infantry, Acting Signal Officer; Acting Assistant Surgeon, George 
Scott Oldmixon, U. S. Army, ; Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army, observer; Sergt. 
John Murdoch, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army (A. M., Harvard), naturalist and observer; Sergt. 
Middleton Smith, Signal Corps, IT. S. Army, naturalist and observer; Capt. E. P. Herendeeu, 
interpreter, storekeeper, &c. ; Mr. A. C. Dark, astronomer and magnetic observer (Coast Sur- 
vey); one carpenter; one cook ; one laborer. 

V. First Lieut. P. H. Boy, Eighth Infantry, Acting Signal Officer, is hereby assigned to the 
command of the expedition, and is charged with the execution of the orders and instructions given 
below. He will forward all reports and observations to the Chief Signal Officer, who is charged 
with the control and supervision of tne expedition. 

VI. As soon as practicable, Lieutenant Bay will sail with his party from San Francisco for 
Point Barrow, latitude 71° 27' north, longtitude 150° 15' West (Beechey), and establish there a 
permanent station of observation, to be occupied until the summer of 1SS4, when he will return here, 
unless other orders reach him. On the way out and back, a stoppage of a few days only will be 
made at Plover Bay (latitude Gl^ 22' 0" north, longtitude 173° 21' 32" west), for the purpose of 
determining the error and sea rate of his chronometers. The vessel conveying him to his destina- 
tion will not be detained at the permanent station longer than is necessary to unload the stores. 

W. B. HAZEN, 
Brigadier and Brevet Major-General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. 
Official: 

Louis V. Caziarc, 

First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer, 



[Instructions No. 76.] 

War Department, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 

Washington, D. C, June 24, 1SS1. 
The following general and detailed instructions will govern in tbe establishment and manage- 
ment of the expedition organized under Special Orders !N"o. 102, War Department, Office of the 
Chief Signal Officer, Washington, D. C, dated June 24, 1881. 

Thu permanent station will be established at the most suitable point in the vicinity, and, if 
practicable, at or in the immediate neighborhood of Point Barrow, Alaska Territory, (latitudo 
71° 27' north; longitude 150° 15' west, as determined by Beechey). 



8 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

The chronometers will be rated at San Francisco, and will have their sea rates determined by 
an observation of time at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey station at Plover Bay 
(latitude 61° 22' 0" north; longitude 173° 21' 32" west). 

The vessel should, on arrival at the permanent station, discharge her cargo with the utmost 
dispatch, and at once be ordered to return to San Francisco, Cal. Before permitting the vessel 
to leave, a careful examination of the vicinity will be made and the exact site chosen for the per- 
manent station will be located in latitude and longitude, chronometrically, both by Lieutenant 
Ray and by the navigator of the vessel independently, and a report in writing will be sent by the 
returning vessel. By the same means will be sent a transcript of all meteorological and other 
observations made during the voyage, and also a list of apparatus and stores known to be broken, 
missing and needed, to be supplied next year. 

After the departure of the vessel, the energies of the party should first be devoted to the erec- 
tion of the houses required for dwellings, stores, and observatories. 

Special instructions regarding the meteorological, magnetic, tidal, pendulum, and such other 
observations as were recommended by the Hamburg International Polar Conference, are trans- 
mitted herewith. 

Careful attention will be given to the collection of specimens of the animal, mineral, and vege- 
table kingdoms. These collections are to be made as complete as possible, and are to be consid- 
ered the property of the Government of the United States, and are to be at its disposal. The 
collections in natural history and ethnology are made for, and will bo transferred to, the National 
Museum. 

It is contemplated that the permanent station will be visited in 18S2, 18S3, and 1884 by a steam 
or sailing vessel, by which supplies for, and such additions to, the present party as are deemed 
needful will be sent. Lists of stores required to bo sent by the next season's vessel will be for- 
warded by each returning boat. 

The subject of fuel and native food-supply, its procurement and preservation, will receive full 
and careful attention, as soon after the establishment of the post as practicable. Full reports 
upon this subject will be expected. 

A special copy of all reports w r ill be made each day, which will be sent home each year by 
the returning vessel. 

The full narrative of the several branches will be prepared with accuracy, leaving the least 
possible amount of work afterwards to prepare them for publication. 

In case of any fatal accident or permanent disability happening to Lieutenant Ray, the com- 
mand will devolve on the officer next in seniority, who will be governed by these instructions. 

W. B. HAZEN, 
Brigadier and Brevet Major- General, Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army. 

Official : 

Louis V. Caziarc, 

First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer. 



INSTRUCTIONS FOR TEE COMMANDING OFFICERS OF TEE INTERNATIONAL POLAR STATIONS 

OCCUPIED BY TEE SIGNAL SERVICE. 

I. General. 

1. Regular meteorological and other observations will be maintained uninterruptedly, both at 
sea and at the permanent station, in accordance with instructions issued to Signal Service observers 
and those contained in the accompanying extract from the proceedings of the Hamburg conference, 
to which special notes are appended where needed. 

2. The original record of these observations will be kept in the blank books supplied for this 
purpose, and a fair copy of the corrected and reduced results will be made upon Signal Service and 
special forms, as supplied in bound volumes. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 9 

3. At sea a daily record will be kept, by dead reckoning and astronomical observations, of 
the latitude and longitude of the vessel, by which the positions at the times of meteorological 
observations will be deduced, and on arriving at the permanent station the local time and longitude 
will be immediately determined, whence the Washington and Gottingen times will be found by 
applying the correction for longitude. 

4. All meteorological and tidal observations will be made at exact hours of Washington civil 
time. (The longitude of Washington Observatory is 5 h 8™ 12 s .09 west of Greenwich.) The regular 
magnetic observations will be made at even hours and minutes of Gottingen mean time. (Gottingen 
is h 39 m 46 s .24 east of Greenwich, or 5 1 ' 47'" 58 s .33 cast of Washington ; whence 12 noon Wash- 
ington time is simultaneous with 5 h 47'" 58 s .33 p. m. Gottingen time, or G 1 ' 12 m l s .67 a. m. Wash- 
ington time is simultaneous with 12 noon at Gottingen.) 

If hourly meteorological observations of all these phenomena cannot be taken, then, if possible, 
take bi-hourly observations at the hours 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 a. m. and p. m., or at least six observa- 
tions at 3, 7, and 11 a. m. and p. m. On no account will the meteorological observation at 7 a.%., 
Washington time, be omitted. 

5. Upon arrival at the permanent station the local time and longitude will be determined at 
once, without waiting for the erection of permanent shelters which will be built for the meteorolog- 
ical, magnetic, and astronomical instruments, according to the plans and material as specified. 

The meteorological and astronomical observatories will be located conveniently near to the 
dwelling of the observers, but that of the magnetic observatory will be determined by the con- 
sideration that these instruments must be removed from all danger of being affected by the 
presence of steel or iron, including galvanized and tinned iron. If needed to keep off intruders, 
a guard or fence should surround the magnetic observatory. 

0. The observation of tides will be made as complete as possible in summer by a gauge on the 
shore, and in winter through an opening in the ice, according to the instructions furnished by the 
Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. The necessity for observing the 
tides Avill suggest that the dwelling-house should be located as near the sea as is safe and con- 
venient. 

7. In addition to the ship's log aud the official journal of the party, to be kept by the com- 
manding officer, and the official record of observations, to be kept by the meteorological, magnetic, 
tidal, and astronomical observers, each member of the party will be furnished with a diary, in 
which he will record all such incidentaas specially interest him. This diary will not be open to 
inspection until delivered to the Chief Signal Officer for his sole use in compiling the full record 
of the expedition. 

8. Accurate representations, either by the photographic process or sketching, will be made of 
all phenomena of an unusual character, or of whatever is characteristic of the country. 

9. Carefully prepared topographical maps will be made of as much of the surrounding country 
as is practicable. 

II. Detailed instructions concerning observations, instruments, and time, by the 

INTERNATIONAL POLAR CONFERENCE, HAMBURG, 1879, OCTOBER 1 TO 5. 
[Translated at the office of the Chief Signal Officer, with added notes iu brackets.] 
1. OBLIGATORY OBSERVATIONS IN THE DOMAIN OF METEOROLOGY 

No. 17. Temperature of the air.— The mercurial thermometers should be graduated to two- 
tenths degrees Centigrade, and the alcohol thermometers to whole degrees, and both verified at a 
central meteorological station to within one-tenth degree Centigrade. 

[The thermometers furnished are graduated to Fahrenheit ; they have been compared with the 
Sigual Service standard, and are provided with correction cards.] 

No. 18. The instruments should be placed at an altitude of between 1.5 and 2.0 meters (5 to 6 
feet), and it is recommended that they be exposed in a double shelter of lattice work, according to 
H. Ex. 44 2 



10 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 

Willi's method. The outer shelter to be of wood, the iuuer of metal. The observations of 
minimum thermometers can be made under various conditious. 

[The shelters furnished consist of an outer wooden louvre work and an inner galvanized iron 
shelter, both framed so as to be easily set up. The minimum temperatures at various altitudes 
above ground will be observed, and under such various conditions as circumstances suggest.] 

Xo. 10. The alcohol thermometers ought to be compared at the station of observation with tho 
standard mercurial thermometer at the lowest possible temperatures.* 

Xo. 20. Sea temperatures should be observed, whenever possible, at the surface and at each 
10 meters (about 33 feet) of depth ; as instruments, proper for this observation, the following may 
be specified : deep-sea thermometers, as manufactured or invented by Ekmann ; Xegretti & Zain- 
bra : Miller-Casella : Jansen. 

[While at sea the temperature of the surface water will be observed hourly, with the Signal 
Service water thermometer, by the ordinary methods, and the temperature at each 33 feet of 
depth, whenever practicable ; for greater depths, one of the above deep-sea instruments will be 
used.] 

No. 21. The point 0° Centigrade (32° Fahrenheit), for all the thermometers should be deter- 
mined from time to time. 

[The testing of thermometers will be made quarterly, according to the usual Signal Service 
rules.] 

No. 22. Pressure of the air. — At each station there must be at least two well-compared mer- 
curial barometers, a reserve barometer, and an aneroid. 

Xo. 23. The standard barometer ought to be compared or read once each day. 

[Several mercurial and aneroid barometers are furnished, and all regular observations will be 
made from a mercurial barometer, selected from among them, which will be compared, once each 
day, with the standard barometer. All barometers will be fully compared with the standard once- 
each month ; such comparative readings will be entered on the regular Signal Service forms for 
this purpose.] 

No. 24. Humidity. — The psyehrometers (i. e., dry and wet bulb) aud hair hygrometer will be 
used with Begnault's dew-point apparatus as a check, according to Wild's instructions. 

[Comparative readings, with these instruments, will be frequently made and carefully pre- 
served for future study.] 

No. 25. The tcind. — The wind-vane and Bobinson's anemometer are to be read from within 
the house (seethe method of construction of the apparatus of the Swedish station at Spitsbergen), 
at the same time ; the force of the wind will be estimated according to the Beaufort scale and the 
wind- direction to sixteen compass points, referred to the true meridian. 

[The points of the compass on the wind-dial will be adjusted to the true meridian as is ordered 
for all Signal Service stations ; self-registering instruments of the Signal Service pattern for the 
velocity and direction of the wind to eight points will be used. A record of wind-force on the 
Beaufort scale (0 to 12), and wind-direction to sixteen points will also be kept and will be 
entered in the special column.] 

No. 2G. To aid in deciding the question whether the Bobinson's auemometer, with large or 
with small cups, should be used for determining the force of storms in the Polar zone, it is rec- 
ommended that both such be subjected to preliminary experiments. 

[Anemometers of the Signal Service pattern, having small cups and short arms, are. the only 
ones that it is convenient to furnish. For comparative purposes keep two of these iu permanent 
daily use, exposiug them in different but good localities. The extra anemometers should be 
compared with tbese during twenty-four hours on the first Monday of each month, and a full 
record bo kept of such comparisons.] 

No. 27. The clouds. — The amount of cloudiness and the direction of the movement of all 
clouds should be observed to sixteen compass points. 

[In addition, the kinds of clouds will be noted, and the record kept in the usual Signal 
Service form.] 

" For notes ou special thermometers, prepared for the Signal Service stations, see Section III of these instruc- 
tions 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. H 

No. 28. Precipitation.— The commencement and duration of rain, snow, bail, &c, and, when 
possible, the amount of precipitation, is to be observed. As to the amount, however, tliis is not 
obligatory in wiuter. 

[There will be recorded regularly, and, if practicable, hourly, the amount of precipitation, 
measured if possible, otherwise estimated.] 

>>(>. 29. The weather. — Storms, thunder-storms, bail, fog, frost, dew, &c, and the optical 
phenomena of the atmosphere ought to be recorded. 

2. OBLIGATORY OBSERVATIONS IN THE DOMAIN OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.* 

No. 30. Absolute determinations. — For declination and inclination it is necessary to attain an 
accuracy of 1.0 minute, for horizontal intensity of 0.001. The proper instruments are, for 
example, the portable theodolite of Lamout and the ordinary dip-needles. 

No. 31. Tbe absolute observations must be executed in close connection and synchronous 
with the readings of the variations instruments, in order to be able to reduce the data given by 
the latter to an absolute normal value, and to determine the zero point of the scales. The 
determinations must be made so frequently that the changes in the absolute value of the zero 
point of the scales of the variations apparatus can be accurately checked thereby. 

No. 32. Observations of variations. — These ought to include the three elements and be made 
by means of instruments, with small needles, in contrast to the apparatus of Gauss. In order to 
obtain an uninterrupted reciprocal control, two complete sets of A'ariations instruments are 
desirable, and recommended, in order to avoid any interruption of the observations, by reason 
of breakage, derangement, &c. 

[One set of these instruments is now provided, but a second set may be sent in 1882.] 

No. 33. The horizontal intensity in one, at least, of these systems should be observed with the 
uninM'ar apparatus. Because of the magnitude of the perturbations to be observed, the scales of 
the variations instruments must have at least a range of ten degrees, and the arrangements are to 
be so made that the greatest possible simultaneity of the readings may be achieved. 

No. 34. During the entire period of occupancy of the station the variations instruments will be 
read hourly. It is desirable that two readings be made; for instance, just before and after the full 
hour, with an interval of a few minutes between. 

No. 35. Weyprecht presented the following separate note on this point: 

"Since it appears to me that in these regions of almost perpetual disturbances, hourly readings, 
made at moments not well defined, are insufficient to establish mean values accurately expressing 
the local perturbations for a given epoch (which data ought to serve as a means of comparison 
with other localities), and in consideration of the slight increase of labor which will be caused by 
taking readings at precise moments, I cannot agree with the views of the majority of the Confer- 
ence." 

"I state that at least the expedition conducted by myself will take readings hourly of all three 
variations instruments at 5S m s , 50"' 3 ; G0 m 8 ; 01 m s ; 62 m 3 ; Gottingen mean time." 

"WEYPRECHT." 

[Observations will be taken as specified by Weyprecht.] 

No. 30. As term days, the first and fifteenth day of each month will be observed from midnight 
to midnight, Gottingen time. The readings will be faken at intervals of five minutes, always on the 
full minutes, and the three elements are to be read with all possible rapidity, one after the other, 
in the following order : 1. Horizontal intensity ; 2. Declination; 3. Vertical intensity. 

No. 37. For these term days, the plan of magnetic work should comprehend continuous read- 
ings, for instance, readings every twenty seconds — throughout one whole hour — even though only 
one magnetic element be observed. It is the opinion of the Conference that the observations 
should begin so that one of the hours of observation shall agree Avith the first hour of the 1st of 
January, and that during the entire period of magnetic work the hours devoted to this continuous 
observation should be changed on each successive semi-monthly term day. 

*For special instructions iu magnetic "work, furnished by the Superintendent of the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey, see Section IV of these instructions. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



No. 3S. Tne accuracy of the magnetic observations should be such as to give the declination to 
the nearest minute and the horizontal and vertical intensity in units of the fourth decimal place. 

No. 39. On the term days, observations of auroras are also to be made continuously. More- 
over, auroras are also to be observed from hour to hour throughout the period of magnetic observa- 
tions, and especially in reference to their form and momentary position in altitude and true azimuth. 
The intensity of the light is to be estimated on a scale of 1, 2, 3, 4. 

No. 40. Isolated auroral phenomena must be made the subject of thorough observations in 
connection with which the various phases are to be noted simultaneously with readings of the 
magnetic variations instruments. 

[Those of the party not engaged at the magnetic instruments will observe and record auroral 
phenomena.] 

No. 41. Since the greatest possible simultaneity in the readings is a point of the highest impor- 
tance, the determinations of the location and of the time are to be made with instruments having 
firm foundations (such as the universal instrument or astronomical theodolite, the vertical circle, 
zenith telescope, astronomical transit, &c.); this, however, does not exclude the use of reflecting 
instruments of a superior class. By all means, therefore, must efforts be made to determine the 
geographical position, and especially the longitude of the station, as soon as possible after it has 
been occupied. 

[The first approximate longitude of the station, as determined by chronometers, will be checked 
as frequently as possible by lunar distances, occultatious, &c, and the value adopted in the daily 
work of the station will be revised as often as necessary, preferably at the end of each quarter-. 
The details of the magnetic observations will be regulated according to the instructions published 
by the Superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.] 

3. ELECTIVE OBSERVATIONS. 

No. 42. The Conference recommends the following observations and investigations most earn- 
estly to the consideration of all those, to whom is intrusted the preparation of instructions for an 
expedition or who themselves are assigned to such work. 

No. 43. Meteorological. — The diminution of temperature with altitude, the temperature of the 
earth, of the snow, and of the ice at the different depths should be determined. 

[The forms of the snow-crystals should be recorded by careful drawings ; the amount of hoar- 
frost accumulated on some well-exposed object should bo measured by the use of the scales fur- 
nished by the medical department. Apparatus is ordered to be provided for the preservation of 
air and of air-dust for future analysis.] 

No. 44. Observations of insolation (or solar radiation) are to be made, as well as observations 
on spontaneous evaporation, which latter can be made during the winter by weighing cubes of ice, 
and during the summer by the evaporimeters. 

[A shallow circular vessel of water, whether fluid or frozen, exposed to the open air and sun- 
shine, should have its loss of weight determined, daily or oftener, by delicate scales.] 

No. 45. Magnctical. — From time to time absolute simultaneous readings of all three elements 
of terrestrial magnetism must be made in order to accurately determine the ratio between the 
simultaneous changes of the horizontal and those of vertical intensity. 

No. 46. Galvanic earth currents. — Observations are desired of earth currents in intimate con- 
nection with magnetic observations and the auroral phenomena. 

[Telegraph lines of well-insulated wire, extending a short distance north and south and also 
east and west, and furnished with resistance coils and deflection needles, are supplied, and 
every effort should be made to carry out these observations.] 

No. 47. ffydrographic investigations. — Observations of the direction and strength of the ocean 
currents and the movements of the ice. 

No. 48. Deep sea soundings and observations upon the physical properties of the sea water, for 
instance, determination of the temperature, specific density, gaseous contents, &c, and these 
objects should be especially kept in view in the selection of a vessel for the expedition, Observa- 
tions on tides, when possible, should be, made with the self-registering apparatus. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 13 

[With regard to tidal observations, the instructions published by the United States Coast and 
Geodetic Survey are to be followed. Glass-stoppered bottles are provided for preserving speci- 
mens of sea water to be brought back for examination.] 

No. 49. Parallax of the aurora. — Determination should be made of the altitude of the aurora 
by means of measurements made for example with the meteorograph, which must be made by small 
detached parties of observation, having also, if possible, one party observing simultaneously the 
variations of magnetic declination. 

[Particular attention will be paid to determining the apparent position in altitude and azimuth 
of bright meteors and shooting stars and of definite portions of the aurora borealis, and to draw- 
ings of the appearances presented by the phenomena, as seen by observers situated as far apart 
(say one-half to five miles) as possible; in these drawings the auroral phenomena should appear 
in their proper positions relatively to the horizon, meridian, fixed stars, &c, and to that end eacli 
member of the party, without exception, will learn the names and configurations of the stars' 
shown upon the map of stars furnished you. A suppjly of these maps is furnished, sufficient to 
allow of using them as base charts upon which to enter the observed phenomena in special cases! 
Attention is called to the points of inquiry suggested in the Annual Beport of the Chief Signal 
Officer, 187G, pp. 301-335.] 

No. 50. Observations of, 1, atmospheric electricity; 2, astronomical and terrestrial refractions ; 
3, length of the simple second's pendulum ; 4, observations on the formation and growth of floating 
ice and glaciers. 

[Attention is called to the observations on the formation of ice made by Nares and other 
explorers. The pendulum observations will be made in accordance with special Coast Survey 
instructions.] 

No. 51. Observations and collections in the realms of zoology, botany, geology, &c. 

[The instructions given by Prof. Spencer F. Baird to the naturalist will be followed by him.] 

No. 52. There will also be made special observations relating to the whole polar problem, such 
as the flight of birds, presence of drift-wood, and from what direction it came, and other matters 
as may suggest themselves from time to time and be found practicable. 

III. Special instructions relative to care and use of special thermometers. 

[Sec paragraph 19, page 10.] 

The construction of the minimum standard thermometers designed for the Arctic stations 
having been intrusted to the Thermometric Bureau of the Winchester Observatory of Yale Col- 
lege, the astronomer in charge of that institution furnishes the following special instructions, 
which will be carefully followed: 

"New Haven, May 30, 1881. 

11 GENERAL REMARKS AND DIRECTIONS CONCERNING THE SIGNAL SERVICE MINIMUM STAND- 
ARDS, NOS. 1 TO 12 INCLUSIVE, CONSTRUCTED BY THE WINCHESTER OBSERVATORY OP 
YALE COLLEGE. — J. AND H. J. GREEN, MECHANICIANS. 

" Materials. — The alcohol, carbon di-sulphide, and ethyl oxide used are as pure as the chemical 
processes will admit. For thermometric purposes they may be assumed chemically pure. There 
is no more air above the liquid columns than is accidentally admitted in the process of sealing 
the tubes. In this respect these standards are different from the ordinary spirit thermometers. 
It is probable that the great purity of the alcohol will render it nearly as valuable for temper- 
atures below — 80° Fahrenheit — as the car.bon and ether thermometers. 

" Directions for carriage. — It is highly desirable that these thermometers should be kept, as 
nearly as possible, in the same condition as on leaving the observatory. For this purpose they 
have been carefully packed in a vertical position, and care must be taken to see that they are so 
repacked, with the bulb down. Owing to the low boiling points of the ether and carbon di-sul- 
phide they are not (probably) accurate at temperatures above + 00° Fahrenheit, but they will 
remain clear and limpid at temperatures below zero, at which the alcohol thermometers may (but. 



14 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 

hardly probably) show viscidity. It is desirable, therefore, that, preference be given to theso 
standards over any other standards for extremely low temperatures, aud in establishing the 
meteorological observatory at which the greatest cold is expected, special attention should bo 
given to the ether and carbon di-sulphide thermometers. 

" Suggestions in their use. — Before mounting these thermometers in their stations, they should 
be carefully swung or jarred so that no spirit can be detected (with a magnifying glass) adhering 
to their upper ends. They should be inclined (with the bulb end nearest the ground) as far as it 
is safe, and have the index stand in its place, by its own friction against the side of the tube, so 
that -he drainage may be as perfect as possible.* 

"All readings should be recorded in millimeters, and it should be remembered that the accom- 
panying tabular corrections (see the correction cards) are meant to give only approximate 
temperatures. A careful comparison of all the thermometers from 1 to 12 has been made between 
and 90° and Nos. 1, 5, and 9 have been kept by the observatory for experiments at temperatures 
below 0° F. 

" These are probably the best thermometers ever sent into the Arctic regions, and special 
care should be taken to insure the safe return of the records, and, though less important, tho 
instruments." 

IV. Special instructions prepared by the united states coast and geodetic survey 
POR observations in terrestrial magnetism at point barrow and lady frank- 
lin BAY. 

[These instructions will be applied, when suitable, to the observations ordered in preceding 
pages, but they will also furnish a guide to the minimum number of observations to be taken in 
case of accidents occurring to prevent full compliance with the plan proposed by the International 
Polar Commission.] 

As soon as the quarters of the expedition have been fixed upon, a magnetic house will be 
erected, in which the regular magnetic observations, as described below, will be made ; other 
observations will be made when on boat or sledge trips. 

Instruments. — For use at the magnetic observatory, there will be provided a magnetometer, 
for absolute and differential declination and for horizontal magnetic intensity, to be permanently 
mounted on a stone pier. In connection with this instrument a meridian or azimuth mark will be 
established a short distance off the observatory, and visible from it through an opening in the 
wall. The astronomical bearing of this mark will be carefully determined by means of an alt- 
azimuth instrument and solar or stellar observations. 

In the same house, but on a separate pier, Avill be mounted a Kew dip circle, and in the case 
of Point Barrow, a third instrument, a bifilar magnetometer, will also be permanently mounted 
on its pier. At Point Barrow the magnetometer (or unifilar) and the bifilar instruments will be 
mounted in the magnetic meridian and at a distance of not less than twelve feet, and the dip 
circle will be mounted equidistant from these instruments, forming an equilateral triangle. At 
Lady Franklin Bay the two instruments will be mounted in the plane of the magnetic prime 
vertical, and not less than twelve feet apart. No iron is to be used in the construction of these 
buildings, and they should be not nearer than fifty yards to any other building, or double that 
distance to any large mass of iron. Special reading-lamps (of copper) must be provided for use 
with the instruments, and they must be tested to make sure that they do not affect the position 
of the magnets. The use of candles stuck into wooden blocks is preferable to using lamps. 

When on boat or sledge journeys the party will carry a chronometer, a small alt-azimuth 
instrument with circles of about three inches diameter (as constructed by Fauth & Co., of 
Washington, or by Casella, of London), provided with a magnetic needle or compass mounted 
over its vertical axis, and a dip circle. 

Observations at the permanent station. — Hourly observations will be made, for declination and 
diurnal variation, with the magnetometer on three consecutive days about the middle of each 



* This method couforms to that followed at all signal stations with minimum thermometers, except as to degree 
of inclination, wherein these suggestions should be most carefully followed. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 15 

month; besides these observations, extending over seventy-two hours, there will be made at any 
convenient intermediate time each day (of the three) one set of deflections, followed immediately 
by a set of oscillations for the determination of the horizontal intensity. At Point Barrow the 
bifilar will be read immediately after the unifilar. There will also be made at any intermediate 
time each day (of the three) a set of dip observations. In connection with the declination, the 
mark will be read once each day (unless the instrument should accidently be disturbed), but it 
suffices to determine the magnetic axis of the declination magnet on one of the three days. The 
instrumental constants of the magnetometer will be determined before leaving Washington, and 
the observers will use the Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetic blank forms for their records, or, 
in case no special forms are provided, they will use small (octavo) note books ; they will also 
compute, as soon as the observations are completed, each mouth, the magnetic mean declination, 
diurnal range, and turning hours, also the horizontal force in absolute measure (English nnits) 
and the dip, talulating the results for each day. 

Extra observations on other than the three days about the middle of each mouth will be 
made during all occurrences of auroral displays, but as they are likely to be very numerous at 
Point Barrow, observers there may confine their extra observations to the more conspicuous 
displays only. On these occasions the declinometer (and the bifilar at Point Barrow) will be 
read, say, every ten minutes, or at shorter or longer intervals, as the state of the needle may 
appear to demand, the object being to establish a connection between the appearances of the. 
aurora and the motion of the magnetic needle. 

When landing on a boat journey, or during a sledge journey at suitable stations (not less than 
ten or fifteen miles apart), the time, latitude, and azimuth will be determined by the alt-azimuth 
instrument, and the declination by the same instrument (the hour and minute of the observation 
is to be noted, in order that the diurnal variation may be allowed for) ; the dip will also be 
observed, aud in case time is pressing, reversal of circle, reversal of face of needle, and reversal 
of polarity may be dispensed with, but the needed correction to the result, from the single 
position of the instrument, must be ascertained at the permanent station. Observations of 
deflections (with magnetic needle and with weights) will be made with the dip circle, as arrauged 
for relative and absolute total force, the data for the latter to be supplied at the permanent 
station. 

It is highly desirable, especially in the case of the Lady Franklin Bay party, that all stations 
within reach and formally occupied by other parties for magnetic purposes be revisited, in order to 
furnish material from which to deduce the secular change during the interval; besides, all oppor- 
tunities should be taken when landing on the way up to secure observations for declination, dip, 
and intensity — the latter best by oscillations of the intensity magnet. The winter quarters of 
the late English expedition should be connected magnetically with the present quarters. 

[All magnetic observations will be made on Gottingen time, as provided for by the Hamburg- 
Conference.] 

All magnetic records will be kept strictly in conformity with "Notes on Measurements of 
Terrestrial Magnetism," United States Coast Survey, Washington, 1877, and other records in con- 
nection therewith should be equally clear and complete, and all computations should be made by 
the observer in separate books. Duplicates of all records will be made, compared with the 
original, and the latter returned, annually, if practicable, to the Chief Signal Officer for the 
Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. The observers should also 
provide themselves with copies of the "Admiralty Manual of Scientific Enquiry," the -'Arctic 
Manual and Instructions," 1875, and "Aurora?, their characters and spectra," by J. R. Caprpn, 
1880, also with "Terrestrial and Cosmical Magnetism," by E. Walker, 18GG, and any other work 
they may require for their information. 

V. Additional special instructions. 

The rules prescribed in "Instructions for the Expedition toward the North Pole," as pub- 
lished (in pamphlet) by authority of the Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of the Navy, and 
those contained in "Suggestions Relative to Objects of Scientific Investigation in Russian 
America," both of which are furnished, will be followed as closely as circumstances permit. 



16 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

VI. Memorandum of outfit. 

LIST OF APPARATUS TO BE FURNISHED TO POINT BARROW, AND WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS 

AND ADDITIONS TO LADY FRANKLIN BAY. 

GEOGRAPHICAL AND ASTEONOMICAL APPARATUS. 

One surveyor's compass and tripod ; one 100-fcet chain or steel tape ; one prismatic compass; 
one set of pins ; one altitude and azimuth, 6-inch circles ; one meridian transit, about 2 or 3 inches 
aperture; two extra level tubes for low temperatures for meridian transit; three sextants; three 
artificial horizons; eight marine chronometers (mean time);* one marine chronometer (sidereal);* 
two pocket chronometers (mean time);* one house (astronomical observatory), plan to be sup- 
plied; charts of the Alaska coast from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

Magnetic apparatus. — One complete magnetometer — Fauth & Co. — unifilar declinometer — cat- 
alogue No. 70, price $400, extra light needles and mirror for auroral disturbances; one Kew dip 
circle, large size; one bifilar magnetometer; one magnetic observatory building. (Sec plan.) 

Tidal apparatus. — One level and staff; two pulleys and weight and float; fifty glass-stoppered 
bottles for specimens of sea-water. 

Pendulum apparatus. — Pendulum apparatus will be carried and used by a special temporary 
party from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

[Deep sea sounding. — Will be left to the United States Coast Survey.] 

Meteorological apparatus. — One instrument shelter of open wooden louvre work, made in sec- 
tions (see plan); one inner thermometer shelter of open galvanized iron louvre work, made in 
sections (see plan); twelve mercurial thermometers, ordinary stem divided; two metallic thermom- 
eters; twelve spirit thermometers, ordinary stem divided; six mercurial thermometers, maximum 
stem divided; six spirit thermometers, minimum stem divided; six special minimum thermometers, 
from Tale College; four psychrometers, mercurial, wet-bulb; one dew point apparatus; Eognault's 
as modified by Alluard. with extra thermometers for low and high temperature; six water ther- 
mometers and three cases, Signal Service pattern, for surface temper atuies: two pairs Marie- 
Davy's conjugate thermometers for solar radiation ; two pairs Violle's conjugate bulbs for solar 
radiation (will be sent next year) ; two Hicks's thermometers for terrestrial radiation (will be sent 
next year) ; two mercurial marine barometers ; four mercurial cistern barometers (Green, Signal 
Service pattern), large bore, reading to thousandths ; three aneroid barometers (Casella's make) ; 
two hair hygrometers ; two self-registers, one double and one single, for anemometers and anem- 
oscopes (Signal Service pattern — Gibbon or Eccard) ; six extra attached thermometers for ba- 
rometers ; six extra barometer tnbes for barometers ; four rain-gauges, two copper and two 
galvanized iron ; six divided sticks for measuring rain and snow; ten pounds pure mercury; four 
anemometers (Robinson's) ; four arms and cups and four spindles, for Robinson's anemometer, for 
repairs ; two vanes, small ; one large vane, complete ; one Eccard contact (interior) ; ten battery 
cells (Eagle) and supplies for same for three years; two thousand yards insulated wire; four tele- 
phones and two call bells; one galvanometer for obstruction of ground currents; one hundred 
feet cable for the double self- register ; four box sounders; one delicate scale and one medicine 
chest (from medical department); apparatus for collecting air and atmospheric dust; six dark 
lanterns for observers' use (brass or copper). 

Signal apparatus. — Two Grugan's heliographs; four sets signal kits complete; six signal 

code cards. 

Blanlc books and forms. — Twelve diaries for 1881, 1882, and 1883, respectively, one to bo 
kept by eaeh man ; two hundred and fifty books for original record of meteorological observations; 
fifty blank books for magnetic observations, allowing two pages daily and extra pages on special 
days ; fifty blank books for daily journal, for miscellaneous observations ; twenty-five blank books 
for tidal observations, allowing one page daily ; twenty-five blank books for astronomical obser- 

* If practicable these will be rated at various temperatures at the Horological Bureau of the Observatory of 
Yale College. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 17 

vations ; lifty volumes, Form 4, for copy of original record; three hundred star charts, for auroras, 
&o. ; one hundred forms for comparison of barometers; eight hundred forms for anemometer 
register. 

Books. — Instructions to Observers, Signal Service, U. S. Army; Annual Reports of the Chief 
Signal Officer, from 1873 to 1SS0, inclusive; Loomis's Treatise on Meteorology; Buchan's Handy 
Book of Meteorology ; Kaintz's Meteorology (Walker's translation); Mohn's Meteorology (original 
German); Schinid's Meteorology (original German); Smithsonian Instructions for register of 
periodical phenomena ; Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, A^ol. I ; Guyot's Meteorological and 
Physical Tables : Crelle's Multiplication Tables ; Blanford's Indian Meteorologist's Vade Mecum, 
Parts I, I T, III ; Loomis's Practical Astronomy ; Church's Trigonometry; Chauvenct's Practical 
Astronomy ; Bowditch's Navigator ; Bowditch's Useful Tables ; Lee's Collection of Tables and 
Formula; American Nautical Almanac for 1881, 1S82, and 1883; Admiralty Manual of Scientific 
Inquiry, 4th ed. ; Admiralty Manual and Instructions for Arctic Expedition, 1875 ; Nares's, &c, 
Reports of English Arctic Expedition; Nares's Narrative of Voyage to Polar Sea, London, 1878; 
Dall's Meteorology of Alaska from Pacific Coast Pilot, United States Coast Survey ; Dall's Re- 
sources of Alaska ; Harkness on Sextants, United States Naval Observatory, observations for 
18G9, Appendix 1, pages 51 to 57 ; Charts, United States Hydrographic Office, No. G8, and British 
Admiralty, Nos. 593, 21G4, 2435; Chambers's Descriptive Astronomy; Bremiker's edition of Vega's 
Logarithmic Tables ; Barlow's Tables ; W. S. Harris's Rudimentary Magnetism ; Coast Survey 
Papers on Time, Latitude, Longitude, Magnetics, and Tidal Observations ; Everett's Translation of 
Deschancl ; Jenkin — Electricity and Magnetism, 4th ed., New York, 1879; Reports of the United 
States Eish Commission on Dredging; Sigsbee on Deep-Sea Sounding, &c. (United States Coast 
Survey Report) ; Markham's Collection of Papers Relating to Arctic Geography, London, 1877 ; 
Schott's Reduction of Observations of Hayes and Sonntag ; Schott's Reduction of Observations 
of Dr. Ivane ; Schott's Reduction of Observations of McClintock ; Manual of Military Telegraphy; 
Mycr's Manual of Signals; J. R. Capron, Aurora; : their characters and spectra; E.Walker, 
Terrestrial and Cosmical Magnetism ; Pope's Modern Practice of the Electric Telegraph; Instruc- 
tions for the Expedition toward the North Pole, from Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of the 
Navy ; Suggestions Relative to Objects of Scientific Investigation in Russian America ; stationery 
as ordinarily supplied ; drawing paper and instruments. 

All officers and observers of the expedition are charged to at once familiarize themselves in 
detail with these instructions, and in the practice of the duties they prescribe, together with a 
thorough knowledge of the instruments and their use; and commanding officers arc specially 
charged to see that these requirements are observed. 

Official memorandum to accompany instructions No. 70. 

W. B. HAZEN, 
Brigadier and Brevet Major- General, 
Chief Signal Officer, U. 8. Army, 
Official : 

Louis V. Caziarc, 

First Lieutenant, Second Artillery, Acting Signal Officer, 

H. Ex. 44 3 



PART IT. 



NARRATIVE 



By LIEUT. P. H. RAY. 



19 



2. 



=CI3= 



JO. 



fl 



4: 



JO. 



2. 



.9 



5. 



Scale: .7 inch = 10 feet, 

GROUND PLAN, V. S. SIGNAL STATION, UGLAAMIE, ALASKA. 

1. Commanding officer. 3. Office and dining-ioom. 5. Sleepiug-room. 7. Storehouse. 9. Bastion. 

2. bleeping-rooms. 4. Kitchen. 6. Wash-room. 8. Instrument-shelter. 10. Storm-doors. 



Official. 



V. H. KAY, 
First Lieutenant Eighth Infantry, A. S. O. 



NARRATIVE. 



On the 18th day of July, 1881, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, Ave sailed from San Francisco, 
Cal., on board the schooner Golden Fleece, a staunch little schooner of one hundred and fifty tons 
burden, and, being towed outside the heads, we began our voyage in the teeth of a strong northwest 
gale; and it was three days before the reefs were shaken out of our sails. 

The expedition, on the day of sailing, was organized as follows : First Lieut. P. H. Kay, Eighth 
Infantry, commanding; Act. Asst. Surg. George S. Oldmixon, U. S. Army, surgeon; E. P. Heren- 
deeu, interpreter ; Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, U. S. Army, observer; Sergt. John Murdoch, 
Signal Corps, U. S. Army, observer; Sergt. Middleton Smith, TJ. S. Army., observer; Mr. A. C. 
Dark, astronomer; Vincent Bandit, carpenter ; Albert Wright, cook ; Frank Peterson, laborer. 
With one exception, all were strangers to me, and I subsequently had occasion to regret tbat more 
time was not given and care exercised in selecting the -personnel, especially those intended for the 
scientific work. For even with experienced observers it is very difficult to do accurate work in 
this high latitude. 

The voyage was uneventful. Owing to adverse winds and calms, it was not until August 9 
that we raised the high lands of the Aleutian peninsula to the eastward of Ounimak Pass. A 
succession of calm days left us at the mercy of the currents, which here are strong to the eastward, 
and carried us in sight of Kadiak, before a breeze sprung up that would enable us to bear up for 
the pass. We entered it on the afternoon of the 15th, when the wind fell, but the tide serving, we 
drifted through during the night. After entering Bearing Sea we had stronger winds, and after 
clearing the pass we were enabled to stand on our course, which carried us about sixty miles to 
the eastward of the Pribyloff Islands. 

On the morning of the 19th we sighted the island of Saint Mathews, passing three miles to 
the eastward of it, its highest peaks only showing above the fog. We were favored with fair, 
strong winds from this time on until we arrived at Plover Bay, Siberia, where we anchored at C> p. m. 
August 21. The weather being stormy, we were unable to get a sight of the sun until the 24th, 
when a series of excellent observations were obtained. This delay proved fortunate for us, for on 
the 22d the IT. S. revenue steamer Corwin came into the harbor for coal. Her master, Captain 
Hooper, reported the ice very light in the lower latitudes of the Arctic Ocean; so much so that 
he had been enabled to reach Wrangel Land, a point never heretofore attained. To him we became 
indebted for a fine supply of reindeer clothing and tents, which he had collected in view of a 
possibility of his wintering in the Arctic. The supply came very opportunely, as we had been 
unable to obtain any deer-skins at San Francisco and were depending upon sheep-skins for our 
winter clothing. 

We found that our chronometers were running steadily and well, and, after laying in a supply 
of fresh water, were towed outside the harbor by the Corwin on the morning of the 25th. The wind 
dying away suddenly, left us at the mercy of the current, which was setting strong to the north- 
ward, and during the night we drifted through the straits, getting only a glimpse of the Diomede 
Islands and East Cape as we passed, as we were enveloped in a dense fog the most of the time. 
While at Plover Bay we obtained from the natives a quantity of most excellent trout, which proved 
an agreeable addition to our sea fare. 

21 



*tfte 



22 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

After passing the straits we encountered strong northeasterly winds, -which retarded our 
progress very much. We sighted Cape Lisburne on the afternoon of August 31, and soon after it 
came on to blow so heavity that the vessel was hove to, and in that position rode out the gale. 
For over forty-eight hours we were unable to have fires on board for any purpose whatever. The 
force of the gale having abated on the 3d of September, we stood to the southeast, the weather 
remaining so thick that wc were unable to obtain a sight of the sun to determine our position. On 
the 7th we sighted ley Cape, and then stood along shore to the northeast, keeping the land aboard 
until we sighted the point on the afternoon of September S, and came to anchor about one mile to 
the northeast of Cape Smythe, thus successfully accomplishing the first and most important stage 
of our work. 

The voyage, though long and tedious, had been remarkably free from any accidents, and the 
meager comforts of our little schooner grew wonderfully luxurious when compared with the low 
desolate shore, which we could occasionally catch a glimpse of through the drifting snow. 

Point Barrow, situated in latitude 71° 23' north, longitude 15G° 40' west, the destination of the 
expedition, was first discovered by Mr. Elson, master in H. M. S. Blossom, commanded by Captain 
Beechey, in August, 1826 ; and is graphically described by him in his report of his memorable voy- 
age, made to the Pacific and Arctic Sea, during the years 1825, 182G, 1S27, and 1828. 

In the lapse of sixty years but few changes have taken place on this coast. The people of the 
generation that Captain Beechey met have all passed away, and the story of the coming of the first 
white man is one of the legends of the band of 2\ uwukmenn. The next visit made by white men was 
that of Captains Dease and Simpson, of the Hudson's Bay service, who, in July, 1S37, started from 
Fort Good Hope, and by boat passed down the Mackenzie to the sea, and along the northern shore 
as far as Return Heet', the point where Franklin was turned back by meeting with impassable ice, 
in 1S2G. They here found the ice fast on the land, and further progress by boats being impossible, 
Captain Simpson accomplished the remaining distance on foot, aud thus succeeded in determining 
the coast line of the northern shore from Bearing Straits to the mouth of the Mackenzie. H. M. S. 
Plover, Captain Magnire, wintered at Point Barrow the winters of 1852, 1853, and 1851, since which 
time the coast has been frequently visited by vessels of the American whaling lieet. 

Upon arriving at the point we at once set about finding a suitable location for the observatory. 
At the extremity of the point is the village of Xuwiik, which occupies all the land that is free from 
inundation by the sea. To locate the observatory among their huts would entail endless trouble 
and annoyance. Between the village and the mainland, three miles away, is a low, barren sand- 
bank, from forty to one hundred yards wide, across which, during a westerly gale, the sea breaks 
when open. To the south and west of this the land gradually rises, until at Cape Smythe it is fully 
thirty feet above the sea ; but here again we found the most suitable ground occupied by the village 
of Uglaamie, a cluster of about twenty-three winter huts. We were unable to go any distance 
back from the beach, as we had no means of transporting our stores by land, aud the marshy 
condition of the country would have prevented us from going any distance back from the beach 
even if we had the facilities. A point about twelve feet above the sea level, lying between the sea 
and a small lagoon three-fourths of a mile northeast from IJglaamie, was finally selected. The soil 
was firm and as dry as any unoccupied place in that vicinity, and, as it was marked by mounds of an 
ancient village, would be free from inundation. The lateness of the season gave us but little time 
for deliberation. The young ice was already forming, and the migration of the birds about over. 
It was on the morning of the 9th of September that the work of debarkation was commenced in a 
driving storm of snow and a northeast gale. 

The lumber for the house and observatories was rafted alongside the vessel aud warped 
ashore. This work was difficult and arduous, owing to the heavy surf on the beach, and the ice 
being some distance off shore, the strong northeast wind blowing at the time got up considerable 
sea, the spray froze wherever it struck, so the lumber was coated with ice as soon as it was taken 
out of the water. There was too much surf to use our boats, and it was not until the 13th, when 
the wind fell, that we were able to commence putting the stores ashore. A temporary wharf was 
constructed, so the boats could be discharged without putting them on the beach. The natives, 
who at first appeared bewildered at the idea of our coming to stay, showed every disposition to be 
friendly now, and rendered us valuable assistance with their large skin boats (umiaks), and also 



:V 









EC 



C 




EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 23 

in carrying stores up from the beach. After one or two attempts at petty thieving had been firmly 
and quietly checked, they showed no disposition to commit any depredations upon our property. 
Though it was snowing heavily, the work of landing stores was pushed with the utmost vigor, as 
the wind was very light from the southwest and the sea was quiet, and we could loud the umiaks 
on the beach without the fear of staving them, so that on the morning of the loth the party was 
moved on shore into tents. We landed the last of the cargo during that afternoon, and the 
Golden Fleece was cleared the following morning, and sailed at 12 o'clock. She was the last link 
that bound us to civilization, and we knew that nearly a year must roll around before we could 
hope to hear from the civilized world again ; but I did not see a single despondent face among 
the little party as they turned from watching the gallant little vessel out of sight to their work. 

At the same time the stores were being landed the foundation of the house was laid. This was 
made safe and solid by excavating down to the frost, a distance of a little over one foot, and the 
sills and floor timbers firmly shored Avith blocks cut from pieces of drift-wood. Plates 1 and 2 
give a. ground plan and elevation of house. The bastion on the northwest corner was constructed 
from pieces of wreckage and drift-wood, and was pierced for musketry below and for the Gatling 
gun above. As soon as the house was inclosed and roofed the stores were all moved in, except a 
supply f° r about six months, which was placed in a tent as a reserve in event of the loss of the 
main building by fire. The party moved in on the 22d, to put up the ceiling and partitions. We 
were obliged to bring the lumber in aud pile it around the stove, so as to melt off the ice before 
we could work it. 

Winter came ou rapidly; the lagoon, near the station, was closed entirely on the 26th ; the 
weather continued stormy and thick until the sea closed toward the last of November. The work 
of carrying the stores and coal from the beach up to the site of the station (a distance of about 
one hundred yards) was very laborious, there being over one hundred tons of it besides the 
lumber, and we never for one moment caught sight of the sun from the time we landed until the 
2Sth of September, and then only for a few moments. As soon as the house was made inhabitable 
we turned our attention to getting the instruments into position. We commenced taking hourly 
observations in meteorology on October 15, and in magnetisnt on December 1. 

The transit and magnetic instruments were temporarily mounted on wooden piers, which were 
constructed in the following manner: Timbers sixteen inches square were cut to the proper length 
aud placed on end in position in the observatories, the earth being removed so that the lower end 
rested on the perpetually frozen earth : they were cemented in their place by pouring water around 
them and allowing it to freeze. They remained firm and never altered their position in the slightest 
degree. The ice was found to be intact when the piers were taken down the following July, to be 
replaced by brick. 

Every clear night the sky was illuminated by the most beautiful displays of aurora it has ever 
been my fortune to witness; they always commenced in the northeast and northwest, and seemed 
to spring from a dark low bank of clouds. The lights were never stationary for a single second, 
neither did they ever take the form of bows or arches so often seen in other latitudes, but great 
curtains of light flashing with all the prismatic colors seemed to be drawn across the heavens, ever 
rising and changing and often culminating in a corona at the zenith, falling like a shower of 
meteoric lire. As the winter advanced these displays were more brilliant, and were always of a 
character that defies description, either by pen or pencil, as they were never for two seconds alike. 
They were unaccompanied by any sound so far as we were able to observe, and the deadly stillness 
that always prevails in this region when the sea was closed gave us an excellent opportunity to 
detect any sound had there been any. 

During the last days of September, when the ice on the fresh-water ponds and lakes was from 
ten inches ro one foot thick a sufficient quantity was cut, hauled to the house and conveniently 
piled, for winter use. 

Iu December, as soon as the drifted snow was sufficiently hard to cut into cakes, covered ways 
were constructed leading to the observatories, and the ice piled so that during severe weather no 
person was obliged to go into the open air to carry on the regular work of tiie station. 

Life at the station now settled down into the dull monotony of the routine work ; hourly 



l M — i i ■ 



24 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKItOW, ALASKA. 

observations in meteorology and the three elements of magnetism were carried on without 
interruption. To insure the health of the party each member was required to take exercise 
daily in the open air. 

In January, 1882, work was commenced on a shaft for the purpose of getting the temperature 
of the earth, the results of which are given in Part Y. The formation for the whole distance 
was sand and gravel, mingled with a deposit of drift-wood and marine shells, showing that each 
stratum represented the successive lines of ancient sea-shores. The earth was saturated with 
water. At a depth of thirty -five feet a deposit was found of clear water, unmixed with earth, too 
salt to be congealed at a temperature of + 12, which was the unvarying temperature of the earth 
at this depth. At a depth of twenty feet a tunnel was run to the east a distance of ten feet, and 
at the end of it a room ten by twelve was excavated out of the hard frozen ground. In this the 
temperature never rose above 22°. The walls were always dry and free from moisture, and the 
accumulation of hoar frost was very light. Here we stored whatever fresh meat, in the way of 
ducks, reindeer, walrus, or seal, that we were able to accumulate beyond our daily consumption. 
Our main supply was eider-ducks, which, during the spring flight in May, were easily killed. We 
took four hundred in 1S82, and five hundred in. 18S3 ; we found them excellent food, and when 
stored in the subterranean store-house they were at once frozen solid, and would keep for any 
length of time. 

Fresh meat is the great safeguard against scurvy in this region; I never saw a trace of it 
among tile natives, and meat is their only food. The immunity of my party from all disease or 
sickness of any kind I deemed was owing to the fact that through our own exertions, and with 
some assistance from the natives, we were seldom without it. 

In March, 1S82, I made a trip into the interior, an account of which I submitted in my report 
of last year. Some narrow leads opened in the ice to the north and west of the point on the 
20th of April, and the natives reported seeing whales passing to the northeast on the 23d of the 
same month, and they were seen passing in the same direction every day from that time until 
June 15; that seemed to terminate their northern migration, as we saw no more of them until 
August 15, when they were seen going to the southwest along the edge of the pack. It is at 
this season that most of the whales are taken, as it is impossible for the vessels to follow them 
into the ice during their northern migration. 

In the spring of 18S2 eider-ducks were first seen on the 27th of April flying to the northeast, 
far out over the ice, and a few straggling flocks were seen from time to time until May 12, when 
they appeared in immense numbers flying low along the shore ice to the northeast. This migra- 
tion continued until about June 1, and then almost entirely ceased. 

About the time the first flights along shore were seen a number of male king eider were found 
on the land, apparently exhausted from long flight and want of food. Some were caught and 
brought in alive, but they -were generally dead when found, and always in an extremely cinan- 
ciated condition. All species were represented in this flight, the king, Pacific, spectacled, and 
stellers. The Canada goose was never seen; but a few brent, white-fronted, and snow or arctic 
geese came at this season and stopped with us through the hatching season, bringing forth their 
young on the mainland. The eider-duck, with but few exceptions, continued their flight to the 
north and east. During July and August large numbers of the males were constantly flying to the 
westward over Perigniak, a point about four miles to the southwest of Point Barrow. The tact that 
they came from the breeding-grounds was shown in the naked condition of the breast of some of 
those taken, the down having been plucked away to construct their nests. Those killed at this 
season were poor and unpalatable compared to those killed in the spring. But the natives take 
great numbers of them at this point at this season of the year; one often sees half a dozen families 
here in camp for that express purpose. Their methods of taking them will be found fully described 
in the chapter devoted to ethnology. 

By the last of June the tundra was nearly free from snow, and narrow leads of water were 
open along shore. The few hardy flowers indigenous to this high latitude were in bloom, and 
conspicuous among them were the buttercup and dandelion. There was also a small yellow 
poppy, named by the natives "tukalufeadjaksun," which is also the name given by them to a small 




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EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 25 

butterfly that appears at this season. The butterfly appears as the poppy fades, and they believe 
that the poppy is transformed, takes wings, and flies away. 

On the afternoon of the 25th of June a vessel hove in sight to the southwest. She appeared 
to be in the solid pack, as there was no water in sight, but we soon discovered she was working 
her way along a narrow lead, about six miles from shore, which was not visible to us. At about 8 
o'clock that night she was bearing about west true from the station, when she came to a halt; I 
at once dispatched interpreter Herendeen off to her. He returned the next day at 11 a. m., and 
reported that it was the steam-whaler North Star, (Captain Owen), on her first voyage from New 
Bedford. He brought a few letters and a tile of New York papers, giving us news from the outer 
world. It was the first information we had of the death of President Garfield and loss of the 
Eogers. On the 27th I went out to her; ftmnd her fast in the ice, with no sign of open water in 
sight from her mast-head. Captain Owen reported she had suffered a severe nip the night before, 
and she was raised up bodily about four feet while I was on board of her. I visited her again on 
the 4th of July and she was still uninjured. During the night of the 6th the wind hauled around 
to the eastward, causing the pressure to slacken up, and several large cracks opened in the ice, 
one of them in close proximity to the ice-bound ship. Early on the morning of the 7th we saw 
she w r as afloat and working through the broken ice toward shore; when about two and a half 
miles from the station she again became fast, and lay there all night. The following day (July 8) 
the x>ressure again slacked and a lead opened along shore past where she was laying ; she got 
under way and steamed slowly along the lead to the southwest. After proceeding a couple of miles 
she again became fast; the ice closing in from the west, she was now caught between the ground-ice 
and the great pack which Avas setting bodily to the northeast. She remained immovable from about 
noon until 4 p. m., Avhen our attention was suddenly attracted to her by a great outcry raised by 
her crew, and Ave could distinctly hear the cracking of her timbers as her sides were crushed in by 
the ice; her masts fell a few moments after, and her ere ay escaped to the ground-ice. I at once set 
off to their assistance with Avhat men could be spared from the station ; we found they had saved 
nothing but their clothing, a cask of bread, and three boats; the few remaining fragments of the 
wreck were fast disappearing in the distance, being carried away by the moviug pack. The crew 
all safely reached the land that night, being ferried across the open leads by the boats from the. 
station; tents Avere pitched to shelter them, and every care given to their comfort. Captain 
OAven subsequently went out with his crew and brought in the bread, and boats to be used in 
moving to the southward along the shore-lead, in the event that no other A-essel should be able to 
reach the station. On July 14 other ships fortunately hove in sight, and the aa recked people 
were distributed through the fleet, between that time and August 2, the last going on board the 
bark Thomas Pope, bound for San Francisco. Different vessels of the fleet remained in sight of 
the station off and on until September 23, the steamer Bowhead being the last to visit the station. 
AVe sent by her our last mail to the United States. 

On August 2 a small schooner was seen coming around the point to the north and east, Avhich 
proved to be the relief vessel Leo, Lieutenant PoAvell in charge. She had been carried out of her 
course to the northeast by the current, in a thick fog; her master, being ignorant of the dangers 
attending navigation along this shore, having allowed her to drift into a position where, but for the 
providential springing up of a light breeze, she would certainly have been lost. By her Ave received 
three additional observers, Sergt. J. E. Maxfield and PiTvates Charles Ancor, and John Guzman, of 
the Signal Corps, U. S. Army; a year's additional supply of provisions and coal; also the neAv mag- 
netic instruments. With the help of the natives, she was discharged on the 26th, and sailed the 
following day. I relieved and sent back by her Sergt. James Cassidy, Signal Corps, 17. S. Army. 

The new magnetic observatory was at once put up and the instruments mounted upon perma- 
nent brick piers, and observations with them commenced September 12. 

Now that the ships were gone and all connection severed with the outside Avorld, Ave had 
nothing to break the old routine of our duty at the station but the occasional visit of a native from 
some distant village. The faces of those living at Nuwuk and Uglaamie had become as familiar to us 
as those of our own people; they had ceased to be intrusive, but visited us almost daily with some 
curio or game for barter ; and as the season advanced and water became scarce we Avere daily 
besieged by the seal-hunters coming in from the sea and begging for a drink of water, of which 
H. Ex. 44 4 



26 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

there is a great scarcity after the frost has sealed up all sources of supply. The scarcity of fuel, 
together with their inadequate means for melting ice and snow, causes them to suffer under a 
constant water famine from October to July, and they seemed to think that our supply was never 
failing. 

During. the fall of 1882 we experienced none of the heavy westerly gales so common in 1881, 
and the main pack, though always in sight, did not come close in, and the sea along shore froze 
over comparatively smooth save for the small floes that were always drifting to and fro with the 
current. This remained unbroken until January, when a heavy westerly gale drove in the old ice 
to the three-fathom bar, which here lies parallel with the coast and about one and one-half miles 
from it. Inside this bar the ice formed to a thickness of five and one twenty-fourth feet, and a 
vessel might have wintered with perfect safety at the anchorage off the station in four fathoms of 
water. Both the winters we were there, about two and one-half miles to the southwest and three 
miles to the northeast, the old ice came in on the laud with great force. In November and 
December the snow galleries were again constructed to the observatories, and the winter's work 
went on uninterruptedly. Observations of temperature in sea-water ice were carried on, and a 
series of tidal observations were made extending through a period of one hundred and twelve days. 
These observations were taken on the open coast, and go to show that the open Arctic Sea is 
practically tideless, the mean rise and fall being only about two-tenths of a foot. (Eeport on 
tides.) 

A peculiar disturbance was observed frequently* during, these observations. There would bo 
a sudden rise and, fall of from three to five hundredths of a foot, like a sudden wave. These 
occurred when the sea was entirely closed, with not a trace of open water in sight, and apparently in 
no way connected with the regular action of the tide. There would also be a variation in the height 
of the water of from four to five feet, often extending through a period of from seven to ten days, 
but in no manner affecting the normal rise and fall. 

During the winter of 1882-'S3 temperature of the sea-.iee was taken in the following manner: 
The thermometer was secured in a wooden box (3 by (> by 15 inches, with a sliding door; this was 
placed in the ice one hundred yards from the beach, where the sea was smoothly frozen over, 
one foot below the surface, and frozen in so that the bulb was frozen solid in the ice. 

The temperature of the sea- water was taken top and bottom through the hole at the tide-gauge" 
in three fathoms of water. The results are given in the meteorological tables submitted with this 
report. I found that the second winter with its long night was much more trying upon the spirits 
and strength of the party than the first; the novelty had now worn off; there was no longer 
anything new or strange to interest them and there was no relief from the monotony of the 
routine of the regular work, and there is none so wearisome and wearing as this, without any 
change and without hope, for we had positive knowledge that there could be no change for us 
until our work was finished; so the slow time dragged on ; days into weeks, months into years; 
so that exploration, or acy work that required action, would have been hailed with joy. After the 
return of the sun I made preparations for a trip into the interior, to locate geographically some of 
the discoveries made last year. I had by this time secured one excellent team of eight native 
dogs, and the sled made at Saint Michael's, given me by Sergeant Nelson in 1881, still being 
strong and serviceable, I was well equipped for inland work. 

Everything being ready, I left the station at 5.30 a. in., March 28, with Mr. A. C. Dark, as- 
sistant, a native guide Apaidyao, and his wife. A team of eight dogs and one sled was our only 
means of transportation ; and on it we carried our instruments, arms and ammunition, camp equip- 
age, twenty days' supply of coffee, sugar, hard bread, and pemmican. a small kerosene stove, and 
one gallon of oil. The sled was rigged with a small lug sail, which was a great help with a fair 
wind. Wet-raveled along the smooth shore ice to the southwest about eight miles after leaving the 
station, when we came to where the pack had come in onto the land, and the ice on the sea was too 
rough and broken for our sled. We here took to the tundra and traveled parallel to the shore until 
we reached the mouth of a small stream about ten yards wide, coming in from the southeast, called 
Sinaru, which has its source in a lake seven miles inland. We here left the coast, our general 
course being south, crossing the lake at the head of Sinaru, which I found to be seven miles across, 
and camped at p. m. on a small stream flowing to the northeast ; marched thirty-seven miles. The 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 27 

country after leaving the coast was flat, and in the summer must be almost entirely covered with 
water, as we traveled the whole afternoon over a series of small Lakes without seeiug a single ele- 
vation of land that was over Ave feet above the surrounding country. Saw but few signs of rein- 
deer and no natives, but saw where a hunting party had been in camp a few days before. Our 
dogs hauled their load with ease, though there was over seven hundred pounds weight on the sled. 
Weather clear, with light northeast wind. 

March 29. — Snowing heavily this morning when we broke camp at a. m. After traveling 
four miles we struck a stream about thirty yards wide, within a narrow valley, flowing to northeast. 
Natives gave it the name of Iuaru. The storm broke at ten o'clock and the sun came out by 
eleven. The country grew more rolling and broken, and at 12 m. we came in sight of Meade Eiver, 
which here flows through a valley about one and one-half miles wide, with bold bluffs on either 
bank from forty to sixty feet high ; obtained a meridian sight of the sun at noon for latitude and 
a fair sight for time during p. m. Traveled up the river on the ice six miles and then left it 
on our right; crossed a neck of land eight miles wide and struck it again at a point Avhere a large 
stream called Usiiuktu comes in from the eastward, with a channel about forty yards wide and high, 
bold banks. Here we again traveled on the ice to a point four miles above the mouth of Usuktu, 
and camped at 4.30 p. m. on the left bank of the river; marched fifty-three miles. I found an 
Uglaamie native here iu camp ; he was engaged in fishing, and told us his nets were set just opposite 
to the camp. We obtained from him some fine whitefish ; having no rifle he had beeu unable to 
take any deer. I ascended the bluffs on the right bank, which were here fifty feet high. On them 
found the ruins of several winter huts, built entirely of turf; the natives say that three generations 
ago all this region was inhabited by a people that lived by fishing and hunting reindeer, and did 
not come to the coast, but that the deer and fish grew scarce and there came a very cold season 
ami the people nearly all died from cold and starvation ; the few that survived went away to the Col- 
ville or joined the little bands on the coast, so that now this whole region is not inhabited and is 
never visited except by the hunters from Nuwiik and Uglaamie, who come here for deer during the 
months of February and March; each year a few fish are also taken with gill-nets in the deep holes 
along Meade Eiver, the fish being here confined by the river freezing solid on the bars ; all move- 
ment of water on this water-shed is suspended during the winter, there being no rainfall or melting 
of snow from October to May, and springs are unknown. 

March 29. — Broke camp at G a. m. ; weather clear and moderate. Continued the march in a 
southerly direction along the river-bed four miles, when we left it, climbing some high bluffs on 
the left bank to get on the level plain above and avoid the windings of the river; traveled parallel 
with its general course all day, crossing it twice, and camped at 5 p. m. on a small tributary of 
Meade Eiver, and about six miles from the main stream. Marched twenty-five miles ; during the 
afternoon passed a high bluff w T hich is a noted landmark among the natives and known as 
Nua-suk-uan ; it is in latitude 70° 37' N., longitude 157° 11' W., and rises from fifty to seventy-five 
feet above the surrounding country and is visible for many miles around. Camped to-night with 
MiVhialu, a native whom I had furnished with a rifle and ammunition to kill deer for the station. 
Pound he had a fine supply on hand, and he very proudly showed us ten as our share. Got excellent 
sights of the sun during the day for latitude and longitude. Saw several large bands of reindeer and 
our guide succeeded in killing two. Temperature last night + 16°; during day rose to 20°.2. 

March 31. — Weather cold and stormy, and as we are in a very comfortable snow-house wo 
conclude to lie over for the day. My guide has never been beyond this camp, and 1 can see he 
has no desire to add to his knowledge of the geography of this region, so I have made arrangements 
with Mu'nialu to go ou with me. They were busy at work to-day preparing their sleds to haul in 
their venison to the settlement on the coast; their manner of doing it I have never before seen 
noted. The sleds which they use for this purpose are made from drift-wood fastened with whale- 
bone and raw-hide lashing ; they are about ten feet long, two feet wide, and the runners eight 
inches wide and one and one-half inches thick, straight on top and no rail; they are shod for 
ordinary use with strips of bone cut from the whale's jaw-bone, and sometimes with walrus ivory; 
but this would not do in hauling a heavy load over the snow where there is no beaten trail, so 
they are shod with ice in the following manner : From the ice on a pond that is free from fracture 
they cut the pieces the length of a sled runner, eight inches thick and fen inches wide ; into these 



28 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARHOW, ALASKA. 

they cut a groove deep enough to receive the sled-runner up to the beam ; the sled is carefully 
fitted into the groove, and secured by pouring in water, a little at a time, and allowing it to freeze. 
Great care is taken in this part of the operation, for should the workmen apply more than a few 
drops at a time, the slab of ice would be split and the work all to do over again ; after the ice is 
firmly secured the sled is turned bottom up and the ice-shoe is carefully rounded with a knife, and 
then smoothed by wetting the naked hand and passing it over the surface until it becomes perfectly 
glazed ; the sled when ready for use will weigh over three hundred pounds, and they load them 
with the carcasses of from seven to nine deer, weighing over one hundred pounds each. Men, 
Avomen, and children harness themselves in with the dogs to haul these loads to the coast, often 
the distance of one hundred miles and over, seldom making more than eight or ten miles each day. 

April 1. — The weather being clear, we improved the opportunity to determine accurately our 
position. Observations were made for time, latitude, and declination. 

April 2. — Broke cainp at 8 a. m. with Mu'hialu for guide; traveled south thirteen miles 
parallel with Meade Eiver, which we struck at the confluence of a small stream coming in from the 
westward. For the last six miles the country had become much more rolling and broken, and at 
the point where we struck the river to-day the bluffs were over one hundred feet high and showed 
successive layers of turf aud sand, where the action of the river had cut them away during the 
freshets in the summer. I noticed one stratum of turf five feet thick fifty feet below the surface. 
There was not sufficient moisture in the sand between the strata of turf to cause it to solidify 
under the action of the frost. On the bars in the river we found a few fragments of fossil ivory; 
a fringe of scrub arctic willow skirted the bank of the stream, but no drift-wood of any size was 
seen. Traveling now became quite difficult, as the river was too winding for us to follow its course 
by traveling on the ice, so we kept a southerly course, climbing the bluffs, where practicable, to cut 
off the bends. The dogs became tired out early in the afternoon, aud we were finally obliged to go 
into camp on the ice under the lee of a high bluff on the right bank of the river. Marched twenty- 
three miles. Before dark I climbed to the summit of the bluff, which was one hundred and 
seventy-five feet above the river, and could see a low range of mountains, running nearly east and 
west, about fifty miles away. From the break of the country, I have no doubt Meade Biver has its 
source in that range, so I named them Meade Biver Mountains. The native guide notified me 
upon my return to camp that he did not wish to go further south; that he was unacquainted with 
the country, never having been so far in the interior before. Beyond this he peopled the country 
with imaginary enemies. Nothing I could offer would induce him to go further. As I could 
not well get along without their help in dragging the sled up the hills, I was obliged to make 
this my turning point, much against my will. We saw no signs of deer, wolves, or any game after 
we struck the foot-hills ; the range of the reindeer seems to be the flat country we had crossed to 
the north. 

April 3. — Broke camp at 8 a. m. and returned to Mu'ilialu's camp, reaching there at 4 p. m. 
Weather clear. The suu on the snow fields affected our eyes very seriously in spite of the shaded 
glasses we wore, and the natives were affected equally as bad as ourselves. 

April 4. — Lay over in camp, having our boots dried aud .repaired and getting ready for the 
return journey. Weather clear and cold. 

April 5. — Broke camp at 5.30 a. m. Traveled on our outward trail to camp No. 2 and slept in 
the hut we used on our way out. Weather clear and cold, with very little wind. 

April 0. — Broke camp at a. m. Followed old trail back to camp No. 1. Weather bright 
and clear ; suffered intensely all day from my eyes, becoming so inflamed I could scarcely see. 
Mr. Dark does not seem to be so seriously affected. Temperature fell last night to — 13°.4; 
during the day, — 24°. 

April 7. — Broke camp at 5.30 a. m., and reached the station at 5 p. m. Was obliged to travel 
with my eyes bandaged ; Apaidyao was also nearly blind. No person can be exempt from this 
terrible suffering who travels in this region at this season of the year ; the blinding glare of the 
sun upon the snow affects the strongest eyes, and we found no preventive. We had several A r arie- 
ties of shaded glasses and goggles, but found as much protection in the wooden shades made and 
worn by the natives as we did in our own improved glasses, and they were much more comfortable, 
as the moisture from the face did not congeal upon them so readily as upon the wire gauze and 




H, £X,..4/j/, 2, 48. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 29 

frames of the goggles. Other than this, there are but few hardships attending travel to a small 
party properly equipped in this region at this season of the year, and the nearer one conforms to 
the habits of the natives the less liable he is to meet with disaster, and the less he will be 
burdened with unnecessary camp equipage and blankets. 

The snow hut (igln) of these people is very quickly and easily constructed, and ordinarily 
does not consume more time than is required to pitch a wall tent, and is constructed in the 
following manner : A place where the snow is about four feet deep is selected for camp aud a 
space 5 by 9 feet is laid off; the upper surface is cut into blocks two feet square and eight inches 
thick and set on edge around the excavation for side walls; at one end three feet of the space is 
dug down to the ground or ice; in the balance about eighteen inches of snow is left for a couch ; 
sides and ends are built up tight and the whole is roofed with broad slabs of snow six feet thick, 
cut in proper dimensions to form a flat gable roof, loose suow thrown over all to chink it, aud at 
the end which is dug down to the ground a hole is now cut just large enough to admit a man 
crawling on his hands and knees; the hut is now finished, sleeping-bags, provisions, and lamp are 
passed inside, dogs are fed and turned loose after every thing they would be liable to eat or destroy 
is secured by cachiug them in the dry snow. Arms, instruments, and ammunition should never be 
taken into the hut; it is always best to leave them on the sled in the open air. After all outside 
work is done everybody goes into the hut and the hole is stopped from the inside with a plug of 
snow which has been carefully fitted, and no one is expected to go out until it is time to break 
camp the next morning. The combined heat from the bodies of the inmates, together with the 
lamp, soon raises the temperature up to the freezing point, aud a degree of comfort is obtained 
that is not attainable in any other manner of camping in this region. The more permanent snow 
huts of the deer hunters, which they often occupy for a month or more, are much more elaborate. 
They are usually built where the snow is six or eight feet deep, so the room is high, and is approached 
by a covered way and an ante-room, in which the heavy outside clothing is stored, and when fuel 
is obtainable a kitchen is added to the structure, with a fire-place cut out of the solid walls of snow, 
with jambs and chimneys of the same perishable material. I saw fire-places in use that had had a 
fire in them for at least one hour each day for a month or more and were still intact; the parts 
that were exposed had softened a little under the effects of the first fire and at once hardened into 
ice, and remained unchanged so long as the temperature in the open air remained below zero. 

By the latter part of April or the first part of May snow houses are no longer tenable and 
natives take to their tents (tiipeks). Their winter huts at this time are also vacated, as thej* become 
too damp for comfort. After the snow began to soften so it was no longer practicable to build a 
snow hut I camped very comfortably by digging a hole in the snow C by 8 feet, building up side 
walls three to four feet high, and stretching over it a deer-skin blanket or the sled sail, using the 
Sled mast for a ridge-pole and our showshoes for rafters. The natives in their excursions usually 
carry a small stone lamp aud a supply of seal blubber for illuminating purposes; they use no 
blankets or sleeping bags when traveling, but carry a deer-skin or a piece of walrus hide to lay 
on the snow underneath them; on this they huddle together without any covering other than the 
clothing they travel in. &fc such times their food (meat or fish) is eaten raw, except where they 
have provided themselves with a kind of pemmican, which is made by mixing chewed deer meat 
with deer tallow and seal oil.- This food is not agreeable to the taste, probably owing to the fact 
that the masticators are inveterate tobacco chewers. 

The sled we used on all our journeys was made by a native at Saint Michael's, and presented to 
the expedition by Sergeant Nelson when at Plover Bay ; it was twelve feet long and twenty inches 
between the runners ; had side rails, with a steering handle at the rear end, and was fastened through- 
out with rawhide lashings ; the runners were shod with steel, and it was far superior to any sled I 
ever saw on the northern coast; it was still in excellent condition after two years' service ; its car- 
rying capacity was about 800 pounds, and I think it was the best pattern of a sled I ever saw for 
Arctic work ; it was light (weighing only about fifty pounds), strong, and durable, and could always 
be repaired with the material at hand among the natives, should it at any time become damaged. 

Early in May the hunters began to come in, aud altogether I succeeded in getting from them 
eighteen deer, which together with five hundred eider-ducks killed by the party during the spring 
flight, gave us a large reserve supply of fresh meat, which was carefully stored in the cellar. 



mm 



30 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Sergeants Murdoch ami Smith were indefatigable in their work, completing the collection so far 
as practicable in natural history, and many valuable specimens were obtained. Cracks opened in 
the ice to the north and west of the point, and whales were reported seen by the natives April 12 ; 
the leads were narrow, often closing entirely, with no water in sight for days, and the natives 
reported hearing or seeing whales nearly every day up to June 12. 

The spring was very backward and we experienced a great deal of cold, disagreeable weather; 
the shore leads opened slowly. In Elson Bay and along shore to the eastward of Point Barrow the 
ice held on until late in August, and this prevented my getting along shore to the eastward with 
the whale-boat before the arrival of the relief vessel, as I had intended. It was my desire to explore 
the coast as far as the boundary at least, and had the season been as favorable as that of 1882 I 
could have left the station by June 12. 

On June 9 the natives succeeded in killing a large whale, the first they had taken since we had 
been on the coast, and was the cause of considerable excitement among them for several days ; 
they came in from all points to join the general feast on the carcass, which was free to all who cared 
to come and partake. 

By the first of August we were becoming extremely anxious about a vessel reaching us this 
season, as the ground ice was still intact from Point Barrow to the Sea Horse Islands, and it was 
impracticable to work a small boat along shore. The whale-boat was fitted and provisioned for a 
voyage and held in readiness for a move as soon as the ice would let us out; outside the bar there 
was one narrow open lead extending as far as the eye could reach to the southwest, but there was 
no break in the ground ice to let us into it ; besides, it closed under a westerly wind or when tho 
prevailing northeast wind slacked up. On the morning of August 1 a thick fog hung over the 
ocean, and when it lifted, about 7 o'clock, our eyes were gladdened by the sight of three steamers 
six miles away, working slowly up the lead from the southwest. With Captain Herendeeu I at 
once crossed the ground ice and went on board the nearest ship, reaching her about 11 a. m. Found 
it to be the Orca, Captain Colson, from San Francisco, a new vessel on her first voyage. From 
her we received our first mail, and from private letters learned that the station was to be aban- 
doned as soon as a vessel could reach us. Captain Colson reported the balance of the whaling fleet 
lying at anchor along the coast between Point Hope and Cape Belcher; not being so well fitted 
as the new vessels, they would not venture into the pack. The Orca tied up to the ground floe off 
the statiou until along in the afternoon, when, in company with the Bowhead, BalaBna, and Nar- 
whal (all steamers that had now come up), she proceeded on tip to the Point; the lead here was 
closed and the pack was solid to the north and east, and fast on the land to the eastward of Point 
Barrow; they tied up under the lee of a large floe berg that had grounded in four fathoms 
of water. 

The following day the steamers Belvidere, Lucretia, and Mary and Helen, came up bringing 
considerable mail, but no orders, except one from the Chief Signal Officer directing me to dispose 
of such stores as could be sold to advantage. I sold what I could to the fleet, packed everything 
not required for immediate use, and as far as possible, without discontinuing the work of 
observation, made everything ready to embark, so that when the vessel sent to our relief should 
arrive she would be delayed as short a time as possible. 

By August 15 several sailing-vessels had worked up to the station, and all were at anchor 
behind the ground ice which had now broken away in several places; there was also an open lead 
along shore. On the lGth the bark Sea Breeze (Captain McDonald) anchored off the station and 
reported that he had spoken the schooner Leo at anchor off Point Belcher, eighty or ninety miles 
to the southwest, with orders for the statiou. He also reported the ice close in off Sea Horse 
Islands, and that he thought the master of the Leo did not care to venture into the ice, as he had 
been lying there over a week. I at once prepared to go to her in the whale-boat by working along- 
shore, but a heavy gale springing up from the northeast on the 17th prevented our saiiiug. In 
the mean time Capt. L. C. Owen, of the bark Rainbow (who was master of the North Star when 
she was wrecked in 1S82), came to the station and tendered me the services of his steam whale- 
boat for the trip, which was very gratefully accepted. He sent it down to me on the 19th, with 
Mr. Rogers, his first mate, in charge, and a crew of three men. I left the station at 6.40 p. in. the 
same day. with Sergeant Murdoch and Interpreter Hereudeen. The weather was clear and warm, 



H 

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M 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 31 

with little or no wind when we started, so we steamed along shore about one-fourth mile from it, 
keeping' inside the ground ice. At 8 p. in. a strong breeze came out from the northeast, when all 
sail was set, and we made great speed, so that by midnight we were off Sea Horse Islands; by 
this time there was a heavy sea running, and the wind had increased to a gale, and we were 
running before it under close-reefed mainsail and all steam, to avoid being pooped and swamped, 
as the sea was breaking heavily on the shoals off Point Franklin. The heavy pack was aground 
on the outer bar, but there was room for a vessel to pass between it and the shoals. 

After rounding Point Franklin we headed for Point Belcher, and at 2 a. m. sighted several 
vessels at anchor off the point, apparently making very bad weather of it, as there was no shelter 
here from the wind and sea. As we neared them we were able in the dim twilight to make out 
the Leo by her peculiar rig, she being a topsail schooner, and we bore up to her and succeeded in 
getting a line on board as we swept past, and with considerable difficulty were taken on board. 
The gale increased in fury, and before we could hoist in the launch the Leo dragged her anchor 
and drifted rapidly to the leeward. The captain ordered the cable to be slipped, and the vessel 
got under way, and I requested him to keep her on a northwest course until he came up with the 
ice. While the vessel was being got under way, Mr. Rogers, who saw his launch was in danger of 
being swamped, sprang into her with his crew, cut the painter, and they disappeared from our 
sight in the storm. We were extremely anxious for his safety, and we had seen that all of the 
whalers had been obliged to put to sea at the same time we did, and that it would be impossible 
for him to land north of Wainwright's Inlet without losing the boat, and it was doubtful if he 
could keep her afloat until he reached that point. At 4 a. in. we came up with the main pack, and 
the vessel was hove to under the lee of a large field of ice that seemed to be nearly stationary. 
Here she safely rode out the gale, which abated during the night, so that on the morning of the 
21st we were able to stand in toward the land, which we sighted at 7 a. m., and stood in in search 
of the launch and the anchor which had been slipped and buoyed the day before. At 10 a. m. 
the captain recovered his anchor, and we stood to the southwest along shore in search of the 
launch, but were unable to find any trace of her that day. 

The next morning, when off Wainright's Inlet, we spoke the bark Helen Mar, and found she 
had the boat and party safe on board, having picked them up that morning. We then learned 
that Mr. Rogers had succeeded in making Wainright's Inlet after he went adrift from the Leo, 
and had ridden out the gale at anchor there, and, sighting the Helen Mar before he did the Leo, 
had gone on board of her. The wind being southwest, strong and favorable, I directed Captain 
Jacobson to put the Leo on her course for Uglaamie, which he did, and we came to anchorage oft 
the station at 7 p. m., on the 22d, passing through and past considerable pack on our way. I at 
once landed Mr. Marr, an assistant of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey who had 
been sent up to make a series of pendulum observations, with a part of his instruments; gave 
them all the assistance I conld. At the same time I pushed the preparations for embarking, as the 
ice was liable to close in at any moment. We suspended work at 10 p. m. It came on to blow 
heavily from the southwest during the night, sending the pack in. The Leo slipped her cable, 
and escaped around the Point to avoid being crushed or forced ashore. We could see her spars 
above the ice to the eastward of the Point Avhen wo got out in the morning. Private Clarke, of 
the Signal Corps, and Mr. Schindler (Mr. Marr's assistant), who remained on the Leo, came down 
to the station overland during the day, and reported the Leo uninjured. During the night of the 
23d the wind came out from the northeast and blew heavily, setting the ice about one and one- 
half miles off the western shore, allowing the Leo to work around to the westward of the Point 
during the following day, where she came to anchor at 10 p. m., the wind being too light for her 
to stem the strong northeast curreut that was setting along the shore. The wind hauled to 
the southeast and freshened during the night of the 24th, so that she was enabled to get under 
way and reach the station, anchoring there at 7 a. m. I at once caused the balance of Mr. Marr's 
instruments and material to be landed, but was unable to embark any stores, as Captain Jacobson 
in his efforts to recover his cable and anchor which he had slipped on the 23d, had gotten so far 
off shore that we were unable to run a line to the vessel lor tlie purpose of warping our boats to 
and fro. This was necessary, as I had not sufficient men to fully man tlie boats and handle the 
stores, and the natives' boats could not be with safety used in the sharp ice that was running 



_ 



32 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 

with the current arid i>iled high on the beach. We worked all day trying to kedge the schooner 
in, but the wind blowing a gale off-shore rendered all our efforts futile. I placed Interpreter 
Herendeen on board that night, so that Captain Jacobson could have the benefit of his experience 
and advice should she again be driven away from her anchorage, as Captain Jacobson was totally 
inexperienced in Arctic navigation. 

Just before dark five whaling barks came around the Point and anchored one and a half miles 
above the station. We all spent an anxious night for, the wind increased to a gale and hauled to 
the southwest and we could hear in the darkness the grinding of the pack as it came in, and were 
not surprised in getting up the next morning to find that the Leo was gone again, and that the sea 
was closed as far as the eye could reach. The Leo had escaped again around the Point, but 
three of the whaling barks had not been so fortunate; they were all fast in the pack, the crews 
were passing and repassing from the ship to the land over the ice. Two of the vessels had gotten 
foul of each other, and one, the Abraham Barker, had lost her rudder. With a glass from the lookout 
we could make out the Leo to the eastward of the Point, looking like a speck among the great ice 
fields. During the day the gale abated, the pressure slackened up, and toward night several small 
leads were visible. The wind came out from the southeast during the night, and early the next 
morning the Leo was seen to be under way slowly working her way back to the station through a nar- 
row shore lead that opened during the night ; she came to anchor off the station two hundred yards 
from the beach. Upon going on board I found her considerably damaged; she had been nipped, 
her stem partly knocked off, her rudder post split, and she was leaking badly. 

In view of these facts, and orders having been received for the return of the party to the United 
States, I determined to abandon the station at once. During the past two days I had caused all the 
subsistence and quartermaster stores worth saving to be carried down from the house to the beach; 
a whale-line was run from the shore to the vessel, so one man could haul the boats to and fro, and 
the embarking was commenced at once, the first boat-load going on board at 8 a. m. Mr. Marr 
discontinued work on the pendulum, and took down the parts he had placed; the work went on 
rapidly with the two whale-boats belonging to the station. It was still impossible to use the native 
boats with safety, as there were great masses of loose pack-ice running with the current, and the 
beach was piled high with broken ice ; at 2 a. m. the instruments were taken down and packed, 
and observations on shore ceased; the last boat-load was sent off at 10 p. m., and at 12 midnight 
the party went on board, leaving one man on shore, to see that the natives did not carry off anything 
that might have been accidentally left. 

The ice. was too heavy and compact the next morning to enable us to get under way, so the 
captain improved the time in grappling for the anchor and cable he had slipped the night of the 
25th ; he succeeded in recovering it, which was extremely fortunate for it was his best, the 
remaining one being very light. I took a party on shore and brought off the few remaining 
articles of ax\y value that I did not intend to give to the natives. I left them the house and 
furniture intact with the stoves, and about 12 tons of coal, a grindstone, some old canvas, and a 
few worn-out tools, were about all that was left; but these were of great value to the natives, and 
after giving them a feas^t of hard bread and molasses we bade them good bye, amid many expres- 
sions of regret at our departure. I placed the buildings in charge of some of the most influential 
men, who promised they would not allow them to be torn to pieces, but be kept as a place of 
refuge for any shipwrecked people who may chance to be cast ashore on this barren coast. A 
whale-boat passed up during the day with Captain McKeuna, of the bark Cyanne. He reported 
that his vessel was driven ashore off Point Belcher, in the gale of the 25th, and would prove a 
total loss. He came up to get assistance from vessels at the Point in saving her valuable cargo 
of whalebone. 

On the morning of the 29th, the lead to the southwest being open and the wind being favor- 
able, the captain took his anchor and got under way at G a. in., and we commenced our homeward 
voyage. The familiar shore and village and the house that had been so good and comfortable a 
home to us for two long years soon faded in the distance. After sailing two miles we got clear off 
the loose ice that was runuing with the current and into clear water, with the old pack close 
in to the northwest, arriving off Point Franklin at 9.30 p. m., when the wind fell, and we came to 
anchor in company with eleven ships of the whaling fleet that had worked out and had come down 






GE 



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£75 

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EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 33 

the same time we did. The wind came out from the westward during the night, and the captain 
got under way ; stood off and came up with the pack about six miles from the land, when he 
tacked and stood in towards laud; hut again the current was setting so strong to the northeast 
that we could not make any headway on our course, and we were very glad to get back to our 
our anchorage under the lee of Point Franklin, where we lay until the next day, when we again 
got under way with a light southeast breeze, which let go after we had gotten around the Point, 
and we were again obliged to anchor at lO a. rn., to prevent being carried off to the northeast by 
the strong current setting along shore here. 

Sailing-vessels navigating this sea should never allow themselves to get off soundings north 
of Poiut Belcher, except in a strong, steady wind, nor allow the vessel to drift during thick, calm 
weather, if it is possible to get an anchor down. The needle is useless here ; the land or lead lino 
is tbc only safe guide, for, should a sailing-vessel be carried off soundings off Point Barrow with 
light winds or calm, she runs great danger of being lost; this has been the fate of nearly all 
vessels so caught, especially late in the season. 

At 4 p. in., the breeze freshening, we got under way again and stood on our course along the 
coast and about four miles from it. "We experienced light, baffling winds, making but little 
headway from that time until the afternoon of September 2, when the wind came out strong and 
steady from the noi'theast. We sighted and passed Cape Lisburne that day and sighted the 
Diomede Islands at noou on the 3d. During the day the wind increased to a gale and the weather 
grew thick and cold, with considerable snow ; sail was shortened, and at 3 p. m. we passed Cape 
Prince of Wales, ruuning at great speed before the wind ; after passing through the straits the 
vessel was headed for Norton Sound, it being necessary that I should go to Saint Michael's to laud 
Private E. Clarke, of the Signal Corps, who had been sent out to relieve Sergeant Leavitt, an 
observer on that station. As soon as we hauled under the high land to the south and east of Cape 
Prince of Wales we ran out of the wind, and our progress was slow. 

On the 4th of September the foe: lifted and we sighted Kings Island and Cape York, and on 
the Cth passed close to the southward of Sledge Island, but, owing to a head wind, did not sight the 
high land near Saint Michael's until the 8th. We stood in towards it and came to anchor off the 
fort at noon on that day, where we were received by a salute fired from a couple of old ship guns. 
Soon after a boat came off to us bringing, very much to our surprise, Lieut. Frederick Schwatka, 
Third Cavalry, who reported that he had made the passage of the Yukon on a raft, exploring its 
course from its source to its mouth, making one of the most remarkable raft voyages on record. 
He had been at Saint Michael's since the last of August, and was extremely anxious to get away 
with his party. Though we were very much crowded ou the Leo I did not think it would be right 
to refuse him passage, as there would be no opportunity for him to return to the United States before 
another year, this station being visited only by vessels of the Alaska Commercial Company, and 
there would be none due before the following June. So I directed him to hold his party in readiness 
to come on board as soon as w T e were ready to sail. We were short of fresh water and had to lay 
in a supply before again putting to sea. For the first two days we were in port it blew a gale 
from the southeast, so it was impossible to get any water off to the ship ; on the afternoon of the 
16th the captain reported he had succeeded in getting enough on board to last us until we could 
reach Unalaska or Plover Bay, whichever place I should conclude to go to, so at daylight on the 
11th Lieutenant Schwatka and his party were taken on board and we put to sea at 10 a. m. 
Found it was blowing a gale from the northwest when we got outside, and after making a few 
tacks under close-reefed sails, found we were making no headway, so we were glad to run back into 
the harbor, where we came to anchor at 3 p. m. 

The following morning, the wind having hauled more to the north, we again put to sea, and 
the next morning sighted Cape Darby, a high headland on the northern shore of Norton Sound. 
We were obliged to make this northing to avoid a dangerous shoal that makes out from the mouth 
of the Yukon ; in running out of Norton Sound it is not safe to run west, south of (54 Lat. Dur- 
ing the afternoon of the 13th the wind settled iu the northwest and blew hard and steadily all 
that night, and we found it would be slow work beating up to Plover Bay. The ship was leaking 
60 badly that the pumps were kept going one-third of the time and the slightest accident to them 
would soon send her to the bottom ; and as I knew that the meridian of Unalaska had been as well, 
H. Ex. 44 5 



34 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

if not better, determined than that of Plover Bay, I decided not to go to the latter place, Imt to 
proceed direct to Unalaska and tliere make an effort to repair the vessel, as I was told that there 
was sufficient tide at that place to enable us to get at her bottom by discharging her cargo and 
placing her on the beach at high tide and working on her during low water ; so as soon as we were 
clear of the Yukon flats she was put on her course for that place. The wind increased to a heavy 
gale from the northwest on the 15th, and we made excellent time as we were running nearly before 
it. During the night of the 10th, the vessel was hove to to wait for daylight, as we knew we were 
near land, and on the morning of the 17th we sighted the island of Unalaska to the south and 
about twenty miles away; the wind had fallen so light during the night we were able to make but 
little headway aud did not get into the harbor and at anchor until 10 o'clock that night. 

We found the United States steamer Corwin and the Alaska Commercial Company's steamer 
Dora at anchor here, the former on her return from Kotzebne Sound and the latter on her annual 
voyage to the Aleutian Island stations. The wind not being favorable to sail into the inner harbor, 
which was the only place where the vessel could be safely beached, I made application to Captain 
Healy, commanding the Corwin, for the assistance of the cutter to tow the Leo in . he very readily 
complied with the request, and at once got up steam, and at 11 a. m. placed the Leo at the company's 
wharf, where the bulk of her cargo was discharged; owing to a severe wind storm prevailing at 
this time we were unable to haul her up until the afternoon of the 20th, when she was beached at 
high tide; we improved the time in getting observations of the sun, and determining the declina- 
tion of the needle. We were unable to get at the leak on the first ebb, but on the 21st the water 
fell sufficiently low to enable the workmen to repair the damage, which was found to be about four 
feet below her water line, where a butt had been started, and the water was so clear that we could 
see that she had sustained no damage below that point, and we were pleased to find upon floating 
her off on the nest high tide that the leak was entirely stopped. 

Such stores as had not been disposed of were re-embarked on the 22d and the vessel warped 
out to her anchorage ready for sailing. The 23d was too stormy to admit of our going to sea, but 
the wind having abated slightly toward night, I directed the captain to get nuder way on the 
morning of the 24th, which was done at 8 a. m., being towed outside the heads by the Corwin, 
whose services had again been kindly placed at our disposal by Captain Healy. We found the 
wind blowing strong from the northwest when we got outside, and a very heavy sea running; we 
parted company with the Corwin as soon as we passed the capes by the breaking of our tow-line, 
and the Leo was at once headed for the pass of Akoutan, through which we passed out into the 
Pacific at 12 m. From this time the wind continued fair during the whole of the voyage across 
the North Pacific. We followed nearly in the track of the great circle route, and made such 
remarkably good time that the Farallones were sighted at 3 p. m. 

On October G the wind fell as we ran in toward land, and we drifted through the Golden Gate 
in a dead calm that night at 12 o'clock, coming to anchor off the Presidio at 2 a. m. October 7, and 
reporting to the Chief Signal Officer by telegraph the same day. 

The object for which the expedition was organized being accomplished, it was formally dis- 
banded October 15; its work having extended through a period of over twenty-seven months, 
during which time the expedition had sailed over 7,500 miles, had established and maintained itself 
at the northern extremity of this continent in latitude 71° 16' north, and successfully carried out 
the instructions received from the Chief Signal Officer, and brought back the record of an unbroken 
series of hourly observations in meteorology, magnetism, tides, and earth temperatures, besides a 
large collection in natural history and ethnology, and penetrated into the interior to a point never 
before visited by civilized man. 

During the whole period all the members of the expedition enjoyed excellent health, not having 
a single man on the sick report for two years. 

To the individual members of the expedition who returned with it to the United States great 
credit is due for their obedience to orders, faithfulness, and intelligence in performance of their 
duties, and for their patient endurance of the many trials they were called upon to suffer: for the 
work of scientific observations in these high latitudes is one of patient endurance - on the. part of 
the observer, confined, as he is, within narrow limits, without the excitement incident to travel. 
The unvaying monotony of the work is necessarily very wearing, but during the whole time uo 
murmur or complaint was ever heard. 



PAET III 



ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE NATIVES OF POINT BAMOW. 



By l.IETJT. P. H. KAY. 



35 




mummunIna, "princess of nuwuk. 



ETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF THE NATIVES. 




i. 

During onr stay we improved each opportunity to acid to our knowledge of the peculiar 
people inhabiting this coast. A want of sufficient knowledge of their language at first made 
the work difficult, as we had no interpreter. So our first energies were devoted to learning their 
language sufficiently well to communicate with them, as none of them could speak a word of 
English, neither did they show any disposition to learn. 

Of their origin and descent we could get no trace, there being no record of events kept 
among them. Even the sign record of prominent events in individual life, so common among 
some of the natives in the lower latitudes, is almost unknown among them. Their language 
abounds in legends, but none of these gave any data by which we could judge how long these 
desolate shores have been inhabited. 

That the ancestors of those people have made it their home for ages is conclusively shown by 
the ruins of ancient villages and winter huts along the sea-shore and in the interior. On the 
point where the station was established were mounds marking the site of three huts dating back 
to the time when they had no iron and men "talked like dogs"; also at Perigniak a group of 
mounds mark the site of an ancient village. It stands in the midst of a marsh ; a sinking of the 
land causing it to be flooded and consequently abandoned, as it is their custom to select the 
high and dry points of land along the sea-shore for their permanent villages. The fact of our 
finding a pair of wooden goggles twenty-six feet below the surface of the earth, in the shaft sunk 
for earth temperatures, points conclusively to the great lapse of time since these shores were first 
peopled by the race of man. That they have followed the receding line of ice, which at one time 
capped the northern part of this continent, along the easiest lines of travel is shown in the gen- 
eral distribution of a similar people, speaking a similar tongue, from Greenland to Behring Straits ; 
in so doing they followed the easiest natural lines of travel along the water-courses and the sea- 
shore, and the distribution of the race to-day marks the routes traveled. The sea-shore led them 
along the Labrador and Greenland coasts; Hudson's Bay and its tributary waters carried its 
quota towards Boothia Land; helped by Back's Great Fish Biver, the Mackenzie carried them to 
the northwestern coast; and down the Yukon they came to people the shores of Norton Sound 
and along the coast to Cape Prince of Wales. They occupied some of the coast to the south of 
the mouth of the Yukon, and a few drifted across Behring Straits on the ice, and their natural 
traits are still in marked contrast with their neighbors, the Chuckchee. Tbey use dogs instead of 
deer, the natives of North America having never domesticated the reindeer, take their living from 
the sea, and speak a different tongue. Had the the migration come from Asia it does not stand 
to reason that they would have abandoned the deemipon crossing the straits. 

The following table will show that physically the Inyu of North America coast does not 
conform to the typical idea of the Eskimo. They are robust, healthy people, fairer than the North 
American Indian, with brown eyes and straight black hair. The men are beardless until they 
attain the age of from twenty to twenty-five years, and even then it is very light and scattering, 
and is always clipped close in the winter ; at this season they also cut off their eyebrows and 
tonsure their crown like a priest, with bangs over their forehead. Their hands and feet are 

37 



38 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



extremely small and symmetrical ; they are graceful in their movements when unincumbered by 
heavy clothing ; they are kind and gentle in disposition and extremely hospitable to strangers ; 
though tliey may rob a stranger of every means of obtaining a subsistence one moment, they will 
divide with him their last piece of meat the next. They have no form of government, but live in 
a condition of anarchy ; they make no combinations, either for offensive or defensive purposes, 
having no common enemies to guard against, nor have they any punishment for crimes. I never 
knew one to attempt to reclaim stolen property, though they might see it in the hands of the thief 
or left on his cache ; though given to petty pilfering they rarely, if ever, break into a cache 
(except into one of meat when driven to it by hunger) or enter a tent or hut for that purpose. 
During the first winter we had stores, of which they were in great need, in a Sibley tent, and they 
all knew they were there; and although the tent was only tied, with no regular guard over it, 
nothing was ever disturbed, though if anything was carelessly left out it would be stolen at once. 
They never made the slightest resistance to our reclaiming property when discovered, and would 
laugh about it as though it were a good joke. They are very social in their habits and kind to 
each other ; we never witnessed a quarrel between men during the whole time we were on the 
coast, neither did we ever see a child struck or punished ; and a more obedient or better lot of 
children cannot be found in all Christendom. I never saw one of any age do a vicious or mean 
act, and while they were always around the station during the fall and winter, they did no 
mischief, but, on the contrary, would busy themselves in shoveling the snow out of the tunnels and 
running on errands and doing any work they could for a little food each day. -The children would 
wait around the door for members of the party to come out to take their daily exercise, and, even 
more, would accompany each member, and every few moments they would say "naumi-tauity " 
(now let me see), and would scan the traveler's face for frost-bites, and were ever ready with a 
handful of snow to be applied should they detect the slightest sign of freezing; for when the 
temperature gets below —45°, and there is a light breeze, it cuts every exposed part of the body 
as though white hot metal were applied, causing no pain. Their games were very alike what we 
see played among children of our own race, and in imitating the pursuits of the elders, we often 
saw them with snow play-houses cut into the hard snow, with snow images set up, and the little 
fur-clad mites of humanity bustling around, playing at keeping house and making calls, with 
the temperature at — 40°. 

All the people on that coast from Wainwright Inlet around to the mouth of the Colville are 
comprised in the following villages whose population comprise all the inhabitants of this coast : 



Name of village. 


Location. 


No. of 
families. 


Total 
population. 


Kulinieum 


Wairtwri ght Inlet 


10 

8 

23 

31 


80 
50 
130 ! 

ISO 


Southwest Point Belcher 

Cape Smvtke 


Uglaaruie 




■ 
Total 








410 









Between Point Barrow and the Colville the country is uninhabited in the winter. The 
resources of this region are so limited that in the struggle for existence, these people are obliged 
to devote all their energies and time to procuring necessary food and clothing to maintain life, 
never being able to get a sufficient supply of meat ahead to lay in a reserve ; famine always stares 
them in the face should they relax their efforts. 

With the return of the sun each year their active life commences. Those that have arms 
and dogs go into the interior about the 1st of February to hunt reindeer; those belonging to the 
villages of Nuwfik and Uglaamie go to the south and hunt along the Meade and lk-pik-piui; those 
from the vicinity of Wainwright Inlet hunt along theKu: the others scatter along the western 
shore for the purpose of taking seal, and ducks as the season advances. Their tents, one or two 
in a plaee, seen by summer voyagers in this sea, has given rise to the belief that this coast is much 
more densely populated than it is in fact. For when the tents are out the villages are empty. 



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EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 39 

The hunters return to the winter lints between the 1st and 10th of May, and the oineliks or 
boat-headers make up their crews for the whaling season. A boat-header (omelik) is one who is 
noted for his success in taking whales, and of course is a man of experience and considerable 
influence. Tbe crews are made up of men and women, generally ten to each boat; some crews 
are paid by the omelik, who feeds them and pays them in deer skins or other articles of native 
traffic ; others ship on a lay, each member furnishing his own supplies and they all share alike in 
the catch, the boat-header furnishing the gear. The women who are tabooed and the children 
cook and carry food out to the crews, who come in to the land as seldom as possible, and never go 
into a house, if it, can bo avoided. At this season, too, no work is done that will necessitate 
pounding or hewing or in fact any noise, neither shall there be work of any kind carried on in the 
tent (tupek) of any member of a crew. Should their garments be accidentally torn, the woman 
must take them far back on the tundra out of sight of the sea and mend them ; they have little 
tents, in which just one person can sit, in which this work is done. During the spring of 1882 they 
came to me and asked that I stop the work on the shaft, saying that it would offend the whales at 
this season. Early in March all hands turn to and build a road through the pack over which the 
boats can be hauled out to the lead ; this often necessitates a great deal of labor, especially when 
the lead opens far off shore, as it did in 1882. 

The village and camps are in a constant state of bustle and excitement at this season of the 
year; boat covers are being renewed or repaired; harpoons and lances are gotten out and 
every part of the woodwork carefully scraped; seal-skin pokes are lying about, looking like 
bloated seals, and the skulls of wolves, raven skins, or eagle skins are in great demand, for no 
no boat would be considered equipped without some such talisman. Daily the old men, especially 
those who are successful in curing the sick, meet on the sea-shore and (abawa) talk for an east 
wind, so the ice will be driven off shore and a lead, favorable for whales, opened ; and their faith 
remains unshaken through repeated failures, and when questioned as to the reason why their 
supplications remained unanswered they always attributed it to some offense they had given to 
the spirit. When the lead opens there is great rejoicing, and for a few days they display the utmost 
vigilance ; but should the whales fail to appear in a few days, they soon grow careless and cease 
cruising, haul their boats up on the ice and patiently wait for a whale to come to them, taking 
turns in standing watch while the others sleep or shoot seal and duck, which abound in the open 
leads at this season. 

As the season advances the boat crews are gradually broken up, and by the middle of June all 
boats are brought to the land, when parties are made up to go to Nlgalek, a place at the mouth of 
the Colville, where the people from Nuwiik and tJglaamie go to meet a band called Nu-na-ta'n-meun 
(inland people), where they barter oil and blubber for deer, fox, and wolverine skins. They some- 
times meet here the Kun-miVd'-lius and It-ku'd'-liiis, bonds that live along the coast between the 
Colville and Mackenzie. This meeting breaks up about the 15th of August, when they slowly re- 
turn along the coast, hunting by the way, and reach their winter villages from the loth of Septem- 
ber to the 1st of October, about the same time the traders go to the eastward. 

A few of the leading families from both villages pitch their tents at Perigniak, a point on the 
sand spit, about live miles from Nuwuk, where the eider ducks fly over, and speud the summer 
there, living entirely upon ducks and whitefish. The ducks they take with slings and guns and 
the fish with gill-nets made from sinews of the reindeer. Those who arc too poor to own a gun or 
to have oil for trade scatter through the interior, carrying their kaiaks on their heads to cross the 
numerous lakes and rivers, and gain a precarious livelihood by catching the young reindeer, the 
young and moulting ducks Avhich are found in great numbers iu the lakes and along Meade River, 
where they also take a few whitefish with gill-nets. The ducks are taken with a light ivory-headed 
spear, wtoch has a shaft seven feet long, one-half inch in diameter, with three long ivory barbs in 
the middle. It is thrown with a hand-board from a kaiak, the barbs catching the birds by the 
neck when missed by the lariat stroke. 

Their usual mode of travel along the shore in summer is by the umiak, the large skin boat ; with 
a fair wind they hoist a small lug-sail, but the boats being flat bottom will not sail on the wind, so 
with a head wind or calm weather the boats are towed by dogs, using the walrus harpoon line for 
a towing line; they never resort to the labor of paddling except when in pursuit of game or in 



40 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

some emergency. When a landing is made the boat is hauled up above high wafer, and turned 
over and serves temporarily for a tent. By the 1st of October all have returned to their winter 
huts, aud are busy getting them in order for the winter; all the inside timbers and floors are 
carefully scraped, the passages which have become filled with ice during the summer are picked out, 
windows of walrus intestines are stretched over the openings, and by the 15th all are housed for 
the winter. And the seal-nets and spears are repaired and made ready, and, as soon as the ocean 
is frozen over, parties are constantly out on the ice, hunting for air-holes where the seal come to get 
air. As soon as one is discovered a number of families go off to it in the following manner: the 
nets are twenty-five feet loug and fourteen feet deep, with meshes large enough to admit a seal's 
head, and are rigged with stone sinkers along the bottom, and at the two upper corners are attached 
two rawhide thongs about forty feet long, one of which has a light weight attached to the end. Holes 
twelve inches in diameter, about thirty-five feet apart, are drilled through the ice about sixty feet 
back from the air-holes ; the weighted line is dropped through one hole, and hauled up through the 
other by a long pole with a hook attached ; this pole is made from small pieces of drift-wood care- 
fully spliced together with lashings of whalebone; by this line the net is hauled underneath tbe 
ice, hanging down like a curtain between one of the holes and held in its place by the lines being 
attached to a wooden pin. In this manner the air-hole is surrounded by nets as far as practicable ; 
one man or boy is left to attend to each net, and the strictest silence enjoined ; no word is spoken ; 
the watcher, wrapped iu his heaviest coat, patiently awaits through the long hours ; he occasionally 
scratches the surface of the ice with a scratcher, which is made of a set of seal claws attached to 
a piece of wood. The seal, in coming to the hole for air, strikes into the net; the strain loosens 
the liues from the peg and he entangles himself and soon drowns, when he is hauled out through 
one of the sealing holes and the net reset. Over one hundred seal are sometimes taken at a 
single air-hole within twenty-four hours, but they can be taken in this manner only during the 
dark of the moon — any light will betray the presence of the net. During May quite a number are 
taken at their breathing-holes, which have become enlarged, and through which they haul out on 
the surface of the ice at that season, by removing the weights from the nets and setting it across 
the hole with four lines on the under side of the ice. 

At this season, also, many seals are taken with the hand spear, at the " adlu," the breathing-hole 
of a single seal. It is usually detected by an excessive deposit of hoar-frost on the surface of the snow 
over the hole ; the snow is cleared away down to the solid ice, and in the hole, which is about one 
inch in diameter at the surface, is placed an ivory needle about one foot long and one-eighth of an 
inch in diameter; to the upper end a small cross-bar is attached, to prevent it dropping through, 
and a small feather, and the hunter takes his stand on a three-legged stool, which is always a part 
of his regular equipment, and patiently awaits the coming of the seal, of which the feathered needlo 
gives warning; after the stroke is delivered, if he succeeds in fastening to the seal, he proceeds to 
enlarge the hole until it will admit hauling him to the surface; this is usually done with an ivory 
pick attached to the shaft of his spear; as soon as a seal is taken its mouth is fastened open with 
a piece of ice, and a slot cut through the lower jaw before it becomes frozen. Should he be far 
out in the pack, where the ice is too rough for a sled to be used, the seal is dragged home by a 
hand drag, which is a strong loop about two feet long, made of walrus hide thong, fitted with an 
ivory toggle or handle, generally carved in imitation of two seals fastened together; tins loop is 
passed through the slot in the seal's jaw and over the toggle; each hunter must be supplied with 
at least one of these drags, as it is not considered proper to fasten to a seal with a line, that is used 
for any other purpose; when they get near shore the drag is removed and a few drops of fresh 
water is poured into the mouth of each seal before it is taken from the ice to the land; they gener- 
ally go through with the same ceremony with ducks that have been killed at sea, but never with 
those that have been killed over the land, and the bones of seals are carefully preserved unbroken 
and returned to the sea, if possible, either by being left in a crack in the ice, far out from the land, 
or dropped through some open hole in the ice. By so doing they believe that good fortune will 
follow them in pursuit of seal, which is their main dependence, for from its skin they make their 
summer boots and soles for their winter boots ; its blubber supplies the oil for their lamps during 
the long night, and with any surplus they may have they purchase deer-skins for clothing from 
the natives from the interior, and its flesh when cooked is an excellent article of food. The few 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 4[ 

reindeer and water fowl they take are looked upon more as a luxury than a necessity, and tho 
flesh of the reindeer is the greatest luxury of all; those who have it carefully hoard it, and when 
they knew that we had some in store they would often come and beg for a small piece to be used 
as medicine for some sick person. 

Immediately after the departure of the sun, when food is plentiful, it is customary for each 
village to hold a kind of high carnival for three days; friends are invited from the neighboring 
villages, and the time is passed in dancing, singing, and feasting; the "kudyigm" (council-house) 
is fitted up with a new roof of ice, and crowded day and night, fresh dancers taking the places of 
those tired out, and the dull tum-tum of the drum, mingled with snatches of song and shouts of 
laughter can be heard coming from almost every iglu. 

It is customary at this season to exchange presents, especially among the more wealthy and 
influential ones; but the giver expects value received in return, and should he fail to receive a 
satisfactory present he does not fail to let his wants be known, and he often announces beforehand 
what articles would be most desirable in case he should make a present. In 1883 I was invited to 
attend one of these gatherings at Numfdr, and the old omelik avIio was sent as bearer of the 
invitation brought a statement of what they were going to give me; after waiting around the 
station for an hour or two he called me to one side and called over a long list of articles that they 
expected me to give in return, but as rum (tun-a), rifles 1 , and ammunition were leading items in the 
list, the visit was never made. A trade is made a matter of grave debate, and frequent discussions 
asking for a little more, no matter how much has been offered, and when an offer has been made 
they will go away and send the article by another person; and often when a trade has been 
completed they will come and demand their goods back, often leaving the articles they had received 
on the door-step, and when asked what they will take have great difficulty in making up their 
minds; and in making boots and clothing they will slight their work in every imaginable way 
unless carefully watched. I had occasion to purchase seal-oil, and they commenced bringing it to 
me in old tin cans that they had picked up at the station, and after a few honest deliveries they 
commenced bringing us cans filled with two-thirds ice and a little oil on top, and betrayed themselves 
by being over-anxious to get their pay before we emptied the cans. 

My first invitation to one of their ceremonies came in December, 1881, through old Nikawaalu, 
of tTglaamie, who came over to the station with a small delegation and in a grave, dignified manner 
said that the people of Uglaainie would be made glad if Captain Herendeen and myself would come 
with him and see the dance. "We at once started over, and as we approached the village w r e found 
a crowd upwards of 200 people collected around the council house; besides the IJglaamie people, 
there were delegations from Nuwuk and Sidaru. They were silently Avatching a pantomime that 
was being enacted by five men and two women who were standing in a row with the women on the 
right and left, facing the south, with the council-house behind them, and the crowd in front. They 
were attired in new suits of deer-skin worn with the flesh side out, dressed perfectly white; the 
men wore tall conical hats of seal-skin, ornamented with dentalium shells and tufts of ermine and 
Arctic fox fur. The women were bareheaded, with their hair neatly plaited. Behind the dancers 
sat a drummer and two singers, to whose doleful chant the dancers kept time with their feet, at the 
same time swaying their bodies from right to left' with spasmodic jerks, the women occasionally 
joining in the song, while the. men one at a time would spring a few paces to the front and in wild 
gestures portray how they had taken seal, bear, or deer, being cheered by the crowd as they fin- 
ished and took their place in the line. The day was clear, and their grotesque figures showed in 
sharp relief against the southern sky that glowed with the twilight of a winter noon ; their wild 
surroundings, backed by a frozen ocean, made up a picture peculiar only to the Arctic, and, once 
seen, not soon to be forgotten. After each had danced in turn, and it seemed a long time to us 
standing waiting in the snow in a temperature of 1S°, they adjourned to tho council-house, where as 
many crowded in as could find standing room, in a room 1G by 20; the air was redolent with odors 
from the lamp and the unwashed crowd, and, as the frost had hermetically sealed the roof and 
walls, there was no ventilation and the heat and stench soon became almost unbearable to us who 
were unaccustomed to such life. Two large stone lamps lit up the low room with a hazy light ; 
across the side opposite to the entrance a space G by 8 feet was curtained oil' with deer-skins, and 
in front of it was a model of a tree suspended from the ceiling, and, as the knowledge of the native 
H. Ex. 44 G 



--—- 



42 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

who designed it was confined to the few pieces of drift-wood found on the beach and some pieces 
of timber cast ashore from wrecks, the specimen was unique ; it consisted of two oblong boxes open 
at both ends loosely attached together endwise with seal thong ; the part representing the body was 
2 feet long, 8 inches square, and that representing the top 18 inches long and G incites 
square, and was suspended by a thong with the lower end two feet from the floor. On 
the right and left of the tree hung the skull of a wolf and the dried carcass of a raven ; two of 
the singers sat flat upon the floor with their legs extended, one close behind the other, the foremost 
one with his nose just touching the tree. As soon as all were in position the drummers, accom- 
panied by the women, struck up a doleful chant to which the man at the tree kept time iu his sup- 
plications to (Tuna) the Great Spirit to give them success in pursuit of whales, deer, seal, &c, and 
to send white men with plenty of rum and tobacco; and he particularly dwelt upon certain articles 
he knew we had at the station ; at the same time he beat the body of the tree with a wand. As he 
completed his schedule of wants the lower edge of the curtain was raised and five natives crawled 
forth on their hands and knees. They were dressed in the skins of the bear, wolf, lynx, fox, and 
the dog,t he heads being dressed complete, showing the grinning teeth. On their hands wero 
large mittens of dried seal-skin, with shells and small pieces of copper attached with pieces of 
thong, so that they swung and rattled as they moved their heads. They crawled slowly forward, 
swinging their heads in unison, keeping time to the music in hoarse growls, and by shaking their 
huge mittens until their heads touched the singers by the tree, when they all sprang to their feet 
with aloud shout, and the performance was brought to a close by all joining in a wild shout accom- 
panied by spasmodic gestures that seemed to threaten a dislocation of their joints. 

As we came out in the open air we found another party just commencing the outdoor dance, and- 
so they kept it up night and day. Each party as they completed their dance were feasted by friends 
in different iglus. The invisible spirit (Tuna) peoples the earth, sea, and air; we never could find 
that they gave it any place of fixed abode; visible at times, as many of the old men insisted that 
they had seen him, and described him as resembling the upper part of a man, but very wide, with 
an extremely large head and long fangs ; he is the creator of all things, and also the destroyer, is 
ever to be feared, especially in the night, and men and women, when out at such a time, usually 
carry a large knife to defend themselves should they meet him. That they believe in ghosts was 
apparent in the case of a woman who had been doing some work for our party. Coming to the sta- 
tion one day and being asked to mend a r>air of gloves, said she dare not, as there was a dead man 
in the village*, and his body had not yet been carried out; that he would see her and some evil 
would befall her. Upon being urged, she first obtained her husband's permission, and then seat- 
ing herself in the middle of the floor, she drew a circle around her with a bone snow-knife she car- 
ried, and remarked that now he could not see her; she was very careful to keep her work all inside 
the circle, and would not leave it until all was completed. 

They dislike to go out on a dark night, but if obliged to, they generally carry a bone or ivory 
snow-knife or a loug bladed steel knife, to keep off Tuna and Kiolya (Aurora), which they believe to 
be equally evil ; but Tuna especially is concerned in producing all the evils of life. Should the 
whales fail to put in an early appearance, the birds fly high or far out over the pack, the shore 
lead open late, a gale blow down their caches and break their gear and boats, the old and wise 
would meet in solemn conclave to devise some means whereby the works of Tuna shall be exorcised 
and he sh all be driven forth from the village. Various means are resorted to ; the most common one 
is for the principal men to meet and (abawa) talk, chanting together in a loud tone, accompanied by 
beating of drums ; they call for the east wind (nigyu) to blow on the ice (siko) to open it. Indi- 
vidual wants are by personal supplication, and to them, earth and air are full of spirits. The ono 
drags men into the earth by the feet, from which they never emerge ; the other strikes men dead, 
leaving no mark, and the air is full of voices; often while traveling they would stop ami ask me 
to listen, and say that Tuna of the wind was passing by. With the return of the sun he is hunted 
out of each iglu by incantations that would daunt the boldest spirit, A fire is built in front of 
the council-house, and at the entrance to each iglu is posted an old woman wise in ghost lore; the 
men gather around the council-house while the young women and girls drive the spirits out of the 
iglu with their knives, thrusting them under the bunk and deer skins in a vicious manner, calling 
upon Tuua to leave the iglu ; after they think he has beeu driven out of every nook and corner, 



as 
s 




^■■M 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 43 

fchey drive him down through the hole in the floor and chase him out into the open air with loud 
Shouts and frantic gestures. While this was going on the old woman at the entrance, v.'ho was armed 
with a long knife used for cutting snow, made passes over the air with ir to keep him from return- 
ing. Each party drove the spirit towards the tire and invoked him to go into it : all were by this 
time drawn up iu a half circle around the fire, when several of the leading men made specific charges 
against the spirit; and each, after his speech, brushed his clothing violently, calling upon the. 
spirit to leave him and go iuto the fire; two men now stepped forward with rifles loaded with blank 
charges while a third came with a vessel of urine, which was thrown upon the fire; at the same time 
one fired a shot into it : and, as the cloud of steam rose, it received the shot, which was supposed 
to have finished him for tlie time being. While they were ever threatening or supplicating Tuna 
we never knew them to offer thanks or be grateful for any benefits he was supposed to bestow ; 
everything they received was taken as a matter of course, and as the result of some particular in- 
cantation.* 

I saw a very ingenious contrivance an old man had rigged up to keep Tuna from entering his 
igiu. He had his seal drag, which was fitted with a carved ivory handle, suspended over the en- 
trance inside his hut; the thong was fastened by his hunting knife being driven through it into the 
roof; he explained to me that Tuna in coming in would catch hold of the handle of the seal 
drag to help himself through the hole and would pull the knife down upon his head and be fright- 
ened away. He contemplated his contrivance with a great deal of satisfaction, and assured me 
that Tuna was very much afraid of his iglu. 

Their dead are carried out and laid on the tundra without any ceremony other than the near 
relatives following the body to its last resting place: it is usually wrapped in deer skins, and if a 
man. his sled and hunting gear are broken and laid over the body; if a woman, her sewing kit 
and some few household utensils are placed at her head, but everything so left is broken and ren- 
dered nseless. With but few exceptions 1 never knew them to pay any attention to their dead after 
they were carried out, and all showed, great reluctance about speakiDg of them. The bodies are 
usually eaten by the dogs, especially in the winter, and it is no uucommou sight to see them gnaw- 
ing the bones on the roofs of the iglus. The sled used to carry the body out on the tundra is not 
brought back to the village at once, but left out on the tundra not less than two moons, and while 
they all claim that it is bad to use anything that belonged to the dead, I noticed that no matter 
how good an outfit he had while living his was the most worthless sled and gun that could be 
found, and I knew of a number of cases where there was a general division of a dead man's effects 
on a basis of first come first served. As a rule the dead (Xu'nami-sinik, on the ground asleep) are 
soon forgotten, and the names of the noted whalemen or hunters only live in legend. 

There is no marriage ceremony among them, but children are often betrothed by their parents 
at an early age, and this promise is very faithfully kept, and they enter upon their marriage rela- 
tions at the age of twelve to fifteen years : where there has been no childhood engagement the 
mother makes a selection of the wife for her sou, and the girl selected is invited to the house, where 
she takes the place of a servant for a short time, doing the housework and cooking, generally 
returning to her father's igiu to sleep. They usually avail themselves of- the summer trip along the 
coast or iuto the interior, and take upon themselves the full obligations of marriage. They often 
have family disagreements, the husband resorting to blows when the wife is sulky and disobedient, 
sometimes with the result of her running away: and we knew of one instance where, owing to a 
slight mistake the husband had made in his estimate of his wife's character, he obtained results 
not anticipated, for while oat on a deer hunt he attempted to chastise her for some fancied neglect 
of duty when she retaliated, and, being the stronger of the two, she gave him a severe thrashing, 
and then taking with her an adopted child she fled to a village seventy -five miles away. She sub- 
sequently gave up tlie child, but would not return to him, and soon after became the wife of an- 
other man. At the time we landed at Oglaamie this same woman carried on her back a box of lead 
weighing two hundred and eighty pounds a distance of over two hundred yards. 

The women as a rule seem to have an equal voice in the direction of affairs, when once ad- 
mitted to the position of wife, and in each village there are a number of old women who are treated 
with the greatest consideration by all. they being credited with wonderful powers of divination, 
and are cousulted iu all important affairs. And the wives are treated with more consideration by 



44 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

their husbands than they are by savages of the lower latitudes, though to her falls the drudgery 
of housekeeping, dressing skins, and making boots and clothing; his task is equally hard, as he 
is exposed to the dangers of the ice and storms in the pursuit of seal and deer, often returning to 
his iglu completely exhausted. She aids and assists him by following his trail with the dogs and 
sleds to bring in the game which the hunter catches in the snow where he kills it, setting up a 
cake of snow or ice with his mark upon it, to mark the place. The wife is invariably consulted 
when any trade is to be made, and the husband never thinks of closing a bargain of any impor- 
tance without her consent. When traveling they take turn about in leading out ahead of the 
team, and all assist in building the snow hut when camp - is made. The wife also has the care of 
the dogs, with whom she often shares her food, giving as much care to the puppies as she would 
to a child, carrying them in the back of her ahtega or wrapped in skin on the sled when traveling, 
until they are old enough to be harnessed into the team, when by their faithfulness and endur- 
ance they make full return for all kindness shown them in their childhood (puppyhood), and 
although a dog team would try the patience of a saint, they never use a whip and rarely strike 
them ; they coax and encourage them along by the voice ; and often toward the end of a journey 
they hasten their pace by dragging a piece of fresh meat by a string in front of the team, being 
careful to keep it just beyond their reach. They give the most careful attention to their foot-gear, 
especially when traveling during the winter ; and here a woman's services are invaluable, as she 
is very expert in the use of her needle, and she dries and repairs the boots of the party before 
she sleeps ; this is necessary owing to the frail character of the skins used in making their winter 
boots. Men do such work when alone, but not so well as the women. She also carries a seal- 
skin water-bottle on her back under her " alige," which is replenished with snow after each draught, 
and is their sole dependence for water on long, rapid journeys during the winter. 

Large families are very rare, and children are born at intervals of from two to four years; 
they do not often bear children before twenty, and a couple is very seldom met with that has a 
family of more than three, though upon inquiry they may have some that a nuna-mi-sinik, 
" sleep on the ground," and where the people are poor it is not unusual for a mother to give away 
all but the first-born to some couple that have no children ; boys are in greater demand than girls 
for adoption, and the adopted mother gives it all the care she would a child of her own, and will 
rarely if ever tell who the real mother is. So it is very difficult to trace the antecedents of any one 
man, for during his childhood he may have passed into two or three different families by adoption, 
and many of them do not know who their mother is, much less their father, and matters are still 
further complicated by a custom of exchanging wives. This is often done when a man is obliged 
to make a long trip, and his wife from any cause is unable to accompany him. He will exchange 
with some friend who has an able-bodied wife, each entering upon their new relations with the 
greatest cheerfulness. 

Polygamy is not common, being confined to the leading influential men; even then, they are 
taken into the family more as assistants for the first wife, as she rules over them, treating them as 
servants; the system is not popular among the women, and we knew instances where the first 
wife abandoned the iglu in a rage when a second was brought home. 

When a man of matured years loses his wife, either by death or from incompatibility of tem- 
per, he selects one for himself, and that they sometimes use force to coerce them, when they have 
no near relations to protect them, I am well satisfied from an incident that occurred at the station. 
A native from a village to the westward, whose wife had left him, came up to Uglaainie to obtain 
another; one day we were attracted by loud outcries from a woman who had been waiting around 
the station for food, and upon going out to see what the difficulty was, wo found our friend from 
Sidaru vigorously cuffing her ears, and it was some time before we could make him desist; as 
soon as she got free from him she ran off, and he explained that he wanted her for a wife, but that 
she was not willing to go with him, and he was persuading her. His courtship was certainly 
unique, and I never heard that he succeeded in winning the affections of an Uglaamie maiden, and 
it is but just to add that he was very unpopular among both men and women. 

The tie of relationship binds them to deeds of kindness that they would not show to people 
outside of the family ; if a brother dies the survivor takes the family to his iglu until he can find 
another husband for the widow, and we know of an instance where a man lost his wife, and his 




UNALINA. "PRINCE OF NUWUK." 




EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 45 

brother who had two (who were sisters) gave him one. Their efforts to get husbands for the widows 
of dead relatives were often very amusing. Mu'iiialu, a hunter employed at the station, was sup- 
porting his widowed mother, who was a great scold ; he brought to his iglu several candidates for 
her hand, who had been induced to take the step by Mu'iiialu offering to make them presents pro- 
vided they would take her, but a few days or weeks was about all the most patient could bear; 
after several trials and failures among the men of Nuwuk and Uglaamie, he iinally gave it up, but 
on one of his trips to the eastward he brought back with him a ISTunatau-meuu from Colville; 
as he was quite deaf and could not understand the Uglaamie language very well, her shrewishness 
had no effect upon him, and Muni was happy; he would laugh immoderately when talkiug about 
it ; but never, through it all, was he disloyal to his mother ; she always had a place in his iglu, plenty 
to eat, and was always treated with the greatest respect. 

In the treatment of their aged and infirm parents, the example set by these people could well 
be followed by many of the more civilized nations to their advantage; they never forget the 
tender care they received in their childhood, and as their parents grow old and are unable to 
maintain themselves the children display the greatest devotion. The first fruits of the chase is 
freely given up to them, and no project undertaken without their approval; and in all things the 
son remains obedient to the father so long as he lives, and speaks of him with the greatest respect 
after his death. In their summer journeyings, should they wish to remain at home they fit them 
up a tent (tupek) in some pleasant locality, and leave them an abundant supply of provisions, but 
more often accompany them in their wanderings, being comfortably transported by sled or boat; 
but the old people are rarely idle, for while the father busies himself making new seal spears and 
nets the mother assists in providing clothing and boots and dressing skins. We often had our 
day's journey brought to a sudden termination by some old woman in the party announcing that 
it was time to go into camp because she was tired or cold, and nothing we could say would over- 
rule her decision. 

Owing to the exposure and hardships they are obliged to undergo in the struggle for exist- 
ence they very rarely attain a very great age, and the majority by far die under the age of 
forty years, and a man at sixty becomes very decrepit. They have no means of keeping a record 
of their age, and it is generally calculated from some event connected with their history, as the 
coming of some ship, or a time of famine or pestilence. There was one man at Uglaamie, on board 
H. M. S. Plover, Captain Maguire, in 1853 and 1854, who, Captain Hull (who was master under 
Maguire) informs me, was about thirty years of age when the Plover passed her winters there ; at 
the time of our visit he was very decrepit, was bent nearly double, and crawled rather than walked, 
with a staff in each hand; his shriveled skin, toothless gums, and shrunken limbs gave him the 
appearance of great age, but he could have seen but little more than sixty years, if that. I met 
several who said they were children in Maguire's time, and they had every appearance of men of 
forty -five or fifty. 

That the race is rapidly decreasing is shown by the fact that duriug the two years we were 
on the coast, in the village of Uglaamie alone, there were eighteen deaths and only two births in a 
population of one hundred and thirty souls; and Dr. Simpson states that in 1854 the village had 
a population of over two hundred. He also reports forty iglus, while we found ouly twenty-six. 
At Niiwfik, he reports forty-eight iglus, and two hundred and eighty-six people. We found this 
village had dwindled to thirty iglus, and less than one hundred and fifty people ; and the freshly- 
cached bodies and numerous half-ruined iglus bore silent testimony to the fact that famine and 
disease had quite recently been at work. This is undoubtedly owing to the fact that the food- 
supply is rapidly growing less, and that the great number of whales taken off the coast by the 
American whaling fleet during the last twenty years has nearly exterminated that valuable animal. 
That they are decreasing in numbers is well known among the whalemen, and the fact that Dr. 
Simpson reports that during the time the Plover was at Point Barrow there were twenty-four whales 
taken by the natives, while only two were taken during our stay, one of which was a calf, goes 
to prove that they will soon be classed among the extinct mammals, and with them will soon pass 
away many of the people inhabiting this shore ; they are slow to take up with an innovation, and 
they do not really adapt themselves to the new condition of affairs which the loss of this great food- 
supply has brought about. The seal are not numerous, and often leave this coast entirely for a sea-; 



4G EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

son. When this occurs, famine with all its horrors is upon them, and they have no place to flee to 
for help. During' the first winter at the station, food became very scarce, and scarcely a clay passed 
hut some poor native, with starvation written in every line of his face, hung around our doors 
beggijg for a mouthful of food. We gave them all we could spare with safety to ourselves, and 
undoubtedly saved many lives. Walrus hide and pieces of old boat-covers were considered delica- 
cies, but we never knew them to resort to violence to obtain food, and cannibalism is looked upou 
by them with horror, and 1 could not find that a case had ever occurred. They will not even eat 
their dogs. Some seasons a few white whales (Beluga) are taken. The skins of this animal are in 
great demand for soles to water -proof boots, and often bring a high price. 

Dr. Simpson reports that quite a number of narwhal were taken on the coast during the stay 
of the Plover, but I could find but one Indian that had ever seen one, anil they are not common 
in this ocean at the present time. 

Physically, both sexes are very strong, and they possess great powers of endurance; are 
capable of making long journeys on foot, with a very small allowance of food; in fact, when food 
is at all scarce, or while traveling, they never eat but once each day, and it was a surprise to us to 
see them when on a journey get out before daybreak, and, without taking a mouthful of food, 
make a journey of thirty or forty miles before breaking their fast ;.- and they treated their dogs in 
the same manner, saying that they traveled better when fed only at the end of the day's journey; 
sometimes they would give them a mouthful apiece toward the middle of the day, but the practice 
was looked upon as bad. 

The flint and steel is the most common method of procuring fire, using for tinder the down 
from the seeds of plants, impregnated with mealed powder or charcoal. Sometimes two pieces of 
iron pyrites are used, and we found the ancient fire drill still in use among some of the old, 
conservative men ; the drill was a shaft of spruce eighteen inches long and three-fourths inch 
in diameter, the lower end terminating in the frustum of a cone, the upper end made to fit the 
socket of a stone rest that is held between the teeth ; a block of hard wood with a small cavity in 
the center is used as a friction block ; a small quantity of tinder is placed in the bottom of the 
cavity and the drill pressed down by the mouth-rest and turned rapidly with a small bow like a 
jeweler's bow. They are anxious to obtain matches, but they are not considered a necessity, and 
will not buy them as a rule. Flints are an article of traffic, and are brought from Cape Lisburnc 
and the Romanzoff Mountains, there being none indigenous to this part of the coast. They 
believe that the pyrites come down from heaven in the form of meteors, and they call it fire-stone 
for that reason. 

The children receive the tenderest care, and we never saw one punished by its parents. It is 
no unusual sight to see a child nourished at the breast until it is four or five years of age ; this is 
especially the case with boys, who, as a rule, receive more care than girls. His food is carefully 
selected by his mother, and he is enjoined from eating certain articles that have been tabooed by 
some old woman, usually a relative; and this prohibition extends through life. With each 
individual there is always one or more article of food from which they carefully abstain, though 
the pangs of hunger may be upon them, and, as an old man expressed it, when declining a piece 
of bear meat, " It may be good for all men but me," shows the individuality of the custom. 

To us the treatment the women receive during confinement seems harsh in the extreme, 
and it is a matter of surprise that either mother or child ever survives the ordeal. Several days 
before her confinement the mother is placed in a small snow hut, if in the winter, and in a small 
tent, if in the summer; no one is allowed to go near her, except her husband, who brings her 
food and passes it in to her without entering the hut. Here she remains entirely alone until the 
child is one moon old. Should the child die, then she can return to her husband and iglu after 
eight or ten days. No person will knowingly drink from the same cup or eat from the same dish 
that a woman has used during her confinement until it has been purified by certain incantations. 
And any woman who has suffered from premature childbirth, or given birth to a child during the 
winter, is allowed to go into a canoe or out into the pack during the spring. Premature childbirth 
is of frequent occurrence among them, and we frequently noticed the greatest solicitude on the 
part of the husband to guard the wife from any accident during pregnancy. 




OS 

es 
m 






EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 47 



■ 



During tbe long winter night, when food is plenty, they delight to meet at the council-house, 
or at different iglns, and over their work recount, recall, different events of their lives, and repeat 
the legends of their race, which have been handed down from father to son, to which the youug 
people listen with rapt attention. These legends go back to the origin of man, and they tell with 
care full detail of a time when there were no men in all the land, but that a spirit called "a-se-la'' 
dwelt here alone, and that he made the image of a man in clay, set it up by the shore of the sea 
to dry, and after it was dry he breathed upon it and gave it life and sent it oat into the world. 
And he called the dog from a long way off to go with man, that he might have help in traveling. 
Alter a time the spirit made the Tuk-tu (reindeer) and sent him out into the laud, and the teeth 
of the deer were like the teeth of the clog. After many days man came to the spirit and said, 
" The deer is bad, he devours man." Whereupon the spirit called in all the deer and removed all 
the front teeth from their upper jaws, since which time men have lived on deer, and the deer have 
lived on moss and grass. Then the man asked the spirit that there might be fish iu the rivers 
and sea. And the spirit took a piece of pine and a piece of balsam and sat by the river where it 
emptied into the sea, and he whittled long shavings from the pieces of wood, and the shavings 
fell into the water, and the shavings from the yellow wood became salmon, and those from the 
white wood became whitefish and swam away. 

Their faith in these legends is very strong, and they are extremely opposed to any expressions 
of doubt or ridicule, and it is only by gaining their confidence and abstaining from any expressions 
of doubt in their presence that they can be induced to talk about their people or repeat their legends. 
We heard but one legend that referred in any way to the regions to the northward. It was 
said that many generations ago a man from Nuwiik was caught iu the moving pack that was 
setting to the northward so rapidly that he was unable to return to the land. After a great many 
days, more than he could count, he came to a land where dwelt a strange people ; they spoke a 
strange language, and dressed iu deer skins like the inyu. He remained with them a long time, 
but, wishing to return to his people, he left them one winter and started south over the ice, living 
upon the seal he caught by the way, and renewing his boots with their skins. The journey was so 
long that he wore out fifteen pairs of boots in returning to Nuwuk. Dr. Simpson reports a similar 
legend told him during his stay. 

They all have a natural craving for rum and tobacco; it is always the first thing tke\< ask for 
wdien they come to trade, and they are never satisfied unless they can get sufficient rum to make 
them dead drunk. The old men deprecate its use, and will tell how bad it is, and how certain men 
were hilled in drunken fights, and will be very strong in their denunciations of its use so long as they 
canuot get it, but generally fail to resist the temptation when it is offered to them, or an oppor- 
tunity occurs for them to get it. " Fortunately there is but little to tempt the trader to this region, 
and the little they get from the whale ships is consumed on the spot, so there is no drunkenness 
after the sea is closed. Their tobacco they hoard carefully, and it is used by old and young in quan- 
tities only limited by the supply ; they prefer a black-leaf Russian tobacco, but this is hard to get, 
as only small quantities of it reach this coast by the way of Behring Straits and the Diomede Islands. 
Next to this they prefer the black navy-plug of the commonest kind. Men and women both smoke 
and chew, and the children are given tobacco iu their earliest infancy. It is no uncommon sight 
to see a child not old enough to walk lying asleep with its cheek distended with a huge chew, or 
to see a woman with an old quid behind each ear which has been thoroughly masticated, and 
put up to dry, for the future use of her lord and master. Chewing does not seem to have tho 
slightest deleterious effect upon the children, while smoking affects the men very seriously. 
Their pipes are made of either stone, Avood, or ivory, and consist of a flanged bowl, from one and 
one-half to two inches in length, with a bore one-fourth of an inch in diameter, attached to a 
curved wooden stem made from two pieces of wood grooved and lashed together with seal thong; 
the bottom of the bowl they fill with deer hair and place on top of it a piece of tobacco about the 
size of a pea. It is all consumed at one whiff, and they hold the smoke in their lungs until they 
become nearly suffocated; a violent fit of coughing follows each smoke, and with the old men it 
frequently so prostrates them that they are quite unable to walk for some little time after each 
indulgence. From what the old men told us, and from some ancient stone pipes found in the ruins 
of aacient iglus, it would seem that they smoked before tobacco was known among them, and they 



48 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

used a kilikmicJc made from the catkins and bark of the arctic willow, which they now use to 
adulterate their tobacco. They all seem to have a natural appetite for this weed in any form. 
Tbe men would often beg the privilege of cleaning tbe deposit from tbe stem and bowls of our 
pipes, which they ate with great relish, and, strange to say, without being nauseated in the 
slightest. 

That these people have not yet made the transition from the stone to the iron age is shown 
by the large number of stone and bone implements still in use among tlicm at the present time. 
Many of the old conservative men still cling to the habits of their fathers, and believe that stone 
arrow and lance heads possess virtues that makes them superior to those made of iron. They 
still teach the young men the art of chipping flint, and over their work tell them of the happy 
days before the white men came to drive away the whales and walrus, and when food was always 
plenty. An old man, when asked what he would do without the things the white men brought 
them, answered it would be very hard, and then to show us what he could do he showed a pair of 
boots he had on, and told us with great pride how, when his boots gave out while hunting, ho 
killed a deer, made a needle from a piece of his bone, thread from the sinew, and made himself a 
new pair of boots from the skin, and asked, Could a white man do that? In the spring of 1883, 
when they came to prepare their boats for whaling, they decided after many grave debates that 
the bad luck of the previous year was owing entirely to their having equipped their boats with 
white man's gear, of which they had abundance, obtained from wrecked whalers; so it was decided 
that they would go back to the implements of their fathers, and the old ivory and stone harpoon 
and lance heads were brought forth and repaired, and that they took one whale was attributed 
entirely to this change ; the fact that the whale was killed by a shot from a bomb gun wo loaned 
them to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Erom the head of Kotzebue to the mouth of the Mackenzie there is not found any timber of 
any size indigenous to that region, and the Colville, lkpik-pun, and Meade River bring down no 
drift of any size, only the arctic willow. The drift cast up by the sea consists chiefly of spruce, 
birch, and poplar; it often comes ashore with the bark and roots intact and but slightly water worn. 
That this drift comes principally from the Mackenzie is shown by the fact that it is found in great 
abundance to the eastward of Point Barrow, Avhile to the west of it not so abundant. Wc occa- 
sionally saw large trunks of trees, from two to three feet in diameter, stripped of roots and branches, 
generally of Cottonwood, which seemed to have been a very long time at sea. What little drift we 
saw coming from the westward was always old. 

The streams that have their source in Meade River Mountains bring down no drift larger than 
the arctic willow, and we saw no drift along the arctic shore that resembled that from the Yukon, 
found along the shore of Norton Sound. The natives in the vicinity of Point Barrow are always 
on the lookout for pieces of drift wood, and every piece that can be utilized in building hut or boat 
is at once marked and placed above high water. At leisure they work them down to the size re- 
quired, stick them up so as to show above the snow in winter, when they are hauled to the iglu 
and placed on the cache. It is often a work of from three to five years to accumulate enough timber 
to construct a boat or iglu. Every cache shows a store of neatly dressed sticks, that are highly 
prized, and that have a commercial value. 

In the small inlets along the coast drift wood was found from ten to fifteen feet above the high- 
water mark of the sea, and at first we were led to believe that such drift represented an unusually 
high tide, but we subsequently learned that it was caused by the heavy ice pack, which, in the 
winter, is forced in on the land by the violent gales, and makes a dam across the entrance to the 
inlets. The water from the melting snows in the spring fill up the inlets and finds no outlet until 
it overflows this barrier, when, running down rapidly, it leaves the drift high above the sea level. 

These openings, seen in the early summer, have often been mistaken for the mouths of rivers by 
people passing on snips. It is very doubtful if this vast stretch of country contains anything that 
will ever render it of any commercial value to the world. But on our voyage south wc were 
struck with the fertile appearance of the Aleutian Islands where we halted for a few days to repair 
our vessel. On the island we visited, though late in September, we found a luxuriant growth of 
grass still untouched by frost. All the islands we saw were high and rolling, intersected by beau- 




D 



; 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



49 



tiful valleys, watered by streams that abound in excellent trout. They were destitute of timber, 
but we could see no reason why they should not be valuable as grazing lands. The climate is 
similar to that of Ireland, and in about the same latitude ; the lowest recorded temperature in seven 
years is — G°F., and the annual mean is. 

The great Japan current gives to these islauds a climate peculiarly mild and equitable for so 
high a latitude, and I think a careful geological and geographical survey would develop valuiible 
resources. 

II. 



APPROXIMATE CENSUS OF ESKIMOS AT THE CAPE SMYTHE VILLAGE. 
[Each brace includes one household. A dash indicates that the person's name was not obtained.] 



■1 



Wan. 



Wife. 



'Nik-a-wd-a-lu. 

O-we-i-na. 

Ptt-ka, 

A-ka-biiinii. 
. (l't-ii-ma-ln, deceased.) 

Xii-ga". 

Am-ai yii-na, 

Kai-yd-na. 

Tiiii-a-zu. 

| Ali-niVk-sii. 

; A-ba'k-ta-na. 
I Ai'-bwuk. 

| Tau-yu'-a. 

', I-ga-la. 
! Kii-nia-sia. 

\ Ak-qlanii. 
' A ii-o-ru. 

I Tii-ku. 

TcuS-afi-ra. 

U-.ia-lu. 
Yo'k-sa. 

^I-ga-la-ti S. 

Ir-i ti-a-la. 
' Mu'fi-I-a-lu. 

A-pai-dya-o. 
I Hu'bw'-ga. 

! An-oai-jd. 

; Nu/g-B-ru. 
* TiYk-a-lufi. 
TJ-ja-lu. 



C Yu-wai-a-Iu. 
\ Yu-wai-a-lii. 

| Ni-a-yn. 

< Ad-yu-Iu'-a. 

| Si-sa-nii. 
j Afi-o-a. 

< Ab-wCim-m. 

| Ad-yi-gi-ii. 
5 Kug-rati-ta. 

(Kax-yo-H'na. 

( (Naga-wavi-ia, deceased. 

< Ne't-una. 

< A-ba'k-ka-na. 

< A-miip-kana. 

J K5,'k-ak-pa. 
} Ad-ii-gaiid'-lo. 

< Pan-yu-na. 
(Ne-cii'g-a-lo, deceased.) 



At-kak-: 



Ne'f-u-lu. 

A-11-brnna. 

llunrfiii-i'n-a. 



Seak-a-hwuL-a. 
(la-k&g-i-ca, mother-in-law.' 

Siig-wa-dyii-a. 

Ak-sl-gu't-tii. 

Pu'-si-myft. 

Mu't-u-mi-a. 

Paii-seu-a. 



Aiinfi'bw'-gii. 
1-dro. 

Al-a-li. 

Ni-ak-sd-rii. 



la-xo-xtvn-a. 
Aii-mg-il-la. 



Ka-ka-gu-nii. 

Kn-na-nii. 

A-ke'b-i'i-xfi. 



Suk-sa-na. 

Tuok-qlufl. 



Ala-li. 
A'l-a-ln. 



Ku-si bii'i-iia. 
Tai-pana. 



• mother-in-law.) 



tf-su. 



Hu't-u-mi-a (wife's sister). 



Anon. 



!Ni'p-pin. 

Kii-pi-dio. 

A-tun-u'n-a. 
Ni-yu-I-sfr'n-a. 
Tuok-qKvu. 
Nu-syoii-S'n-a. 



Malo children. 



A-li-brn-ra. 



Seak-a-bwn'n-a. 



f-gu-cu. 

Afl-uu'bw'-j 

Mun-I'k-sa. 



Kiit-ye". 

KS-pi'2-a-su. 
I-ta-qlu. 



I'n-yu-ti-a. 

Knna-lu. 

Kifl-ia. 
I'n-yu-ti-ii. 

I't-tft. 
K6k'-la. 



Ko-ko-16'nii. 
Piin-J-yvi-na-yn. 



Is-I-gai-u'. 



Female children. 



Net-tu-pun. 
Yu-ku'1-ya-lu. 

Mtil-i-gi-a-na. 



I'd-ii-gu ti-ii. 
1'gnT-bin-a. 



Pe-ga+-lu. 

Ter-I'g'-lu. 
Pe-ga+-lu. 

Kil-ta. 

KITi-a-lu-kuna. 

Ad-wu'n-a (adult). 



Kud-Iit-lu. 



Kib-va. 



H. Ex. 44- 



Totals: 45 men, 52 women, 27 boys, 14 girls; in all, 137 souls. 



50 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF THE ESKIMOS OF CAPE SMYTRE AND FOINT BAEEOW. 

[Collected by George Scott Oldniixou, acting assistant surgeon, United States Army.] 



No. 



Name. 



MALES. 

O-rc-i-na 

Afl-o-rii, ''Big" 

Afi-mYk-sa 

U-ja-la 

TT-'na-li-na 

A'ii-o-a 

Su-pin-ya-o 

Ta-ga", " Shadow " 

Yu'k-sifi-a 

Net-tu-na 

Sft'g 'i rn Antlers . . ... 
Tu-ku, " Walrus-harpoon head" . 

Yo'k-sa, ' ' cheek " 

Nag-a-wau-i;i, "Little Niig-a- 

Wtt'n-a" 

Ab-wCvm-iii 

A-ba'k-ka-ua. 

A-imip-ka-na. 

I-tft-ma-ln 

A-bti'k-ka-u ;i - 

TT-ja-ra 

Nu-cim-Vji-ii 

At-ka-n;i 

Nik-a-wa-a-lu, "Big Nag-a-wiVn-ii 

Mu'Ii-i-a-lu 

Si-na, "Beach" 

Na's-su-ii 

TT-.ja-lu 

Yii'k-sa, " Cheek'' 

I :t ."i la ti- 1 L'.ttlo Igala 

Am-ai-yii-na 

Nik i w.i a iu. J] i." TSl ag-a-wu'n -i 

Ax-lo, ' ' Grampus " 

Aii-na-ti-na .... 

Tiiu-a-zu 

Pu-kii 

At-kan;i 

TcuD-au-ra. "Beads" 

I-ga-hi, ""Window" 

Pau-yu-nii. "Sooty " 

Nag-a-wu'E-Ba 

A-pai-dyao 

Nau-ja-ii 



Age/ 



Height. 



Ft. In. 

5 G 

5 71 

4 11 

5 2 
5 7£ 

5 n 

5 7i 

5 01 

5 2" 

5 7 

5 5 

5 0J 

5 3 

5 31 

5 0" 



7 
C 
2 
Hi 
24 
Si 
4 

61 
34 



Lbs. 

101 

182 

126 

142 

171 

180 

146 

145 

147 

156 

150 

146 

143 

149 

135 

159 

165 

137 

136 

154 

170 

137 

161 

148 

149 

144 

101 

174 

138 

103 

173 

204 

147 

155 

131 

132 

1321 

147" 

169 

151J 

136 

105 ■ 



a a 



O « 



Inch. 
23 
23J 
22 
221 
23 
231 
221 
22 
23J- 



22 

20J 

201 
19" 

23 
22} 
20| 
2 Q i 

22i 

23 

20i 

22 

22 

22J 

21 

22 

221 

201 

20j 

22 

22 

814 

19 I 

191 

19 

191 

221 
21 

92 

211 
22" 



No. 



Name. 



Age.* 



I-peak-si-na 

A-tim-au-ra 

A-pai-dya-o 

Nud'-luii 

A-ba/k-ka-na 

Ana 

Sag-a-bwaii-tya 

Yu/k-sm 

An-at-ka-nii 

FEMALES. 

Niak-sa-ra 

Pu'-si-iuyu 

Mu-Tnuii-i'n-a 

Tai-pa-nii 

A-sI-sau-na 

A-la-li 

U-nl-ri-ma 

A-no-u 

A-la-ri-a 

Sii'k-sa-na 

A-na-i I't-ti 

Ak-si-giVt-a" 

Nu-ta, "Young" 

Ni-y n-i-sft'n-ii 

Mu't-n-nii-a 

Tud-wi-a-lu 

Sur- we'n-a 

At-kak-sa 

Ne't-u-lu 

Ku-mi-ye'-na 

At-ka-na 

Se-mi-ya 

Ku-na-na 

Sag-wii-dyi'i-Li 

Kak-a-gu-nii 

Tai-pC-ru-nii 

A-tuii-u'n-a 

Tuok-qlfiji 

Pu'n-ik-puti 

Ak-pa-lu 



Height, 



Ft. In. 

5 8£ 



10 

1* 

1 

2 

3 
10 

01 

8| 
9" 
2 
3 

9 

101 

0" 

1J 



2| 

11 

H 



% 

3 



is 

"3 2 



Oh 

11 

HI 

1 

01 
9" 
3 



Lbs. 

1S8 

139 

100 

150 

147 

144 

137 

100 

149 



148 

124 

131 

139 

128 

172 

130 

100 

120 

124 

152 

156 

144 

142 

127S 

148 

132 

146 

150 

143 

127 

122 

117 

106 

135 

139 

128 

153 

148 

141 



Inch. 
23J 
214 
21J 
21 
21| 
22 
20| 
21J 
21 



221 
22i 
21J 

20i 
20 

'101 
--4 

21 1 

18J 

20 

19 

214 

201 

191 

21" 

214 

20J 

182 

19 

181 

19 

19i 

20i 

21 

22 

21 

201 

20i 

20* 

22 

22 



* Estimated. 

Average height •. 5 It. 2 J.J 3 in. 

Average weight : 14(§? lbs. 

Average height of males 5 ft. 3J-j-| in. 

Average height of females 4 ft. llfj- in. 

Average weight of males 153£" lbs. 

Average weight of females 135} 5- lbs. 

Tallest male 5 ft. 8J in. 

Tallest female 5 ft. 3 in. 

Shortest male 4 ft. 11 in. 

Shortest female 4 ft. 0J in. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



51 



III. 

VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF rOINT BAEROW AND CAFE SMYTHE. 

[This vocabulary is arranged according to the schedules given in the second edition of the "Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages," 
by Maj. J. "W. Powell. The alphabet (which will be found on pago 87) used in writing the words is that given in the same work, with 
the addition of the charactor ti for the sound of the French eu. A sound indistinctly or occasionally heard is put in paren theses.] 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 


Tenons. 


Paris of the body— Continued. 


1. Man. 


au-un. 


39. Shoulder blade. 


ki-a-si-a. 


2. Woman. 


afi-na. 


40. Back. 


tu-mi-a. 


3. Old man. 


aS-aid-yo-kwak-to, -sS. 


41. Breast of a man. 


i-bi u'ii-ui-a, sfi't-ka. 


4. Old woman. 


a-ko-ak-sa. 


42. Breast of a woman (mam- 


mi'lu. 


5. Young man. 


nu-ku't-pi-a. 1 


ma). 




6. Young woman. 


nivi u'k-sl-a. 


43. Nipples. 


mudr'-ga. 


7. Bov. 


nu-kut-pi-ft-ru. 2 


44. Hip. 

45. Belly. 


rouk-i-sa. 


8. Girl. 


ni-vi-uk-sa-ru. 3 


nad-dra. 


9. Child, able to walk. 


miik-qlfl'k-to. 


46. Navel. 


luil-a-si-a. 


10. Child, creeping. 


pa-mOk-tu-a. 


47. Arm. 


tud-li-a. 


11. Infant, nursing. 


rnuk-qlftk-to-a-ya. 


48. Armpits. 


vm-a. 


12. Male infant. 


afi-u-ti'k-sa. 


49. Arm above elbow. 


ak-sut-kwa. 


13. Female infant. 


aii-nu'k-sa. 


50. Elbow. 


i-ku-si-a. 


14. Twins. 


nniitri ilfi, mad-re-ru si, a-no- 


51. Wrist. 


I'u-ni-brun, nftb-gu-fi'B-a. 




ku't-i-ge. 


52. Hand. 


a-dri-gai. 


15. Married man. 


r'l-In-a. 


53. Fight hand. 


tul-u'k-pi-a. 


10. Married woman. 


null u'n-ii. 


54. Left hand. 


saii-mi-a. 


17 Widower. 


uu-li ii'k-so. 


55. Palm of hand. 


J t-u-ma. 


18 Widow. 


nu-li-u'k-sufi, n-i-di-ft/k-to. 
nu-li-ge't-to. 


56. Back of hand. 


a-dri-gau-tu-nu-a. 


19. Bachelor (old). 


57. Fingers. 


i'n-vu-gai. 


20. Maid (old). 


u-wi-gG't-to. 


58. Thumb. 


kub'-lu. 


21. A mother. 


ou-ni'a-ra. 


59. First finger. 


tik-i-ra,-ti'k-a(l). 


22 The yoang people. 


u-na-nu ti'-kun. 


GO. Second ringer. 


ka-tu'k-qluS. 


23. A great talker. 


u-ka-lii-tu-ru. 


Gl. Third linger. 


rmk-I'lye-ra. 


■ 24. A silent person. 


i-mtm-i-a/k-to, ma-kl-ma't-tu-a. 


G2. Small finger. 


yhi-kut-ko. 


25. Thief. 


ticr-a-li-a-yu'k-tn-o. 


63. Finger-nail. 


kit-kin. 


2G. An active person. 
27. A lazy person. 


yuk-i't-yu-ii. 


64. Knuckle. 


nab-vu-dlu. 


yfik-ia-sn-ru-a. 


65. Space between knuckles. 


mi-lik-kl. 


28. A fair Eskimo. 


ini-su C't-yu-ii. 


GG. Finger-tips. 


nti-bu-a. 


29. A name. 


at-ka. 


i G7. Hump. 


mid'l-u. 






j 68. Log. 

\ 69. Leg above knee. 


ni-uu-ii. 
kok-pa. 






j Parts of 


the body. 


70. Knee. 

71. Knee-pan. 


sit-kwnn-a. 
sit-kwa. 






72. Los below kneo. 
i 73. Calf of tho log. 








na-ka-sun-nii. 


1. nead. 


nia'k-o-a. 


74. Shin. 


kiu-a. 4 


2. Hair. 


nu't-ye, mi'tko. 


75. Ankle. 


si-si'n-ne-riii, stfi-nl-u'D-ne-rlG. 


3. Crown of the head. 


nu-yii'g-i-a. 


76. Ankle-bone. 


kii'm-a. 


4. Scalp. 


kis'i-a. 


77. Instep. 


ko-ni. 


5. Face. 


ki-na. 


78. Foot. 


i's-i-gai. 


0. Forehead. 


kau. 


79. Solo of foot. 


al-ii-a, al-u-na. 


7. Eye. 


i-din. 


80. Heel. 


ki'O-uii-ii. 


8. Pnpil of the eve. 


tu'k-u-vi-ii. 


81. Too. 


pu-tu-gii-a. 5 


9. Eyelash. 


klm-mC'r-id-ye'n. 


82. Large toe. 


pu-tu-gu-a, tud-H-a. 
llk-i-ra. 6 


10. Eyebrow. 


ka'b'-lun, ka/b'-lu T. 


83. Second too. 


11. Upper eyelid. 


kau-a, ir-rip-kod-la. 


84. Third toe. 


nuk I'l-ye-ra." 


12. Lower eyolid. 


lr-ri-bu't-a. 


85. Fourth too. 


yiuk-ut-ko.'' 
ku-kin. 


13. Ear-lobe. 


a-ki -a-go-a, pii-wa. 


• 86. Toe-nail. 


14. Ear. 


si-u, p). si-u-tin. 


1 87. Blood. 


au. 


15. Perforation in ear. 


pu-tu-a. 


88. Vein or artery. 


tu'k-kClu. 


1G. External opening of ear. 


cub'-lii-a. 


i 89. Brain. 


kax-za. 


17. Nose. 


ki'ii-a. 


90. Bladder. 


nii'-ka-sufn). 


18. Fidge of nose. 


ni'xu-a. 


| 91. Caul. 


ka-pis-i-yiin-ii. 


19. Nostril. 


kiu-uu. 


: 92. Heart. 


u-ma-ta. 


20. Septum of nose. 


pi-tu-ta, ku/k-i-vi-a. 


93. Kidney. 


tak-tll. 


21. Perforation of septum of 


pu-tu-ga. 


94. Lung. 


pii-wi. 


nose. 




95. Liver. 


ti'n-n. 


22. Alae nose. 


at-kat-yu. 


96. Stomach. 


a-ke-a-xo. 


23. Cheek. 


yiok-sa. 


97. Fib. 


tud-11-mud-rin. 


24. Beard. 


ku-kug-lu-e-tin. 


98. Vertebra. 


pl'k-kwin. 


25. Moustache. 


uru-nyin. 


99. Spine. 


ku-ya-pi'k-kuu. 


2G. Mouth. 


kau-a. 


100. Sternum. 


svt'k i(iii in. 


27. Upper lip. 


u-mi-drri-in, \im-ni. 


101. Clavicle. 


ku-tii-ii. 


28. Lower lip. 


kak-qluii. 


102. Humerus. 


ak-sat-ko-(a). 


29. Tooth. 


ki'g-u, ki'g-u-tai. 


103. Femur. 


kiik-tu-ii. 


30. Tonguo. 


6-ka. 


104. Padius and fibula. 


a-im'1-ya-ruii. 


31. Saliva. 


nii-wa, mi'-wuii. 


105. Ulna. 


suk-i'b-ru-ta. 


32. Palate. 


ki'l-ta, u-kau-ra. 


j 106. Poet-print. 


tii-miu.' pi. tii-mai. 


33. Throat. 


tuftk qlu-ra. 


107. Skin. 


a-mia. 


34. Chin. 


tab'-lu-a. 


108. Bone. 


sauna. 


35. Neck. 


kuQ-a-si-na, kak-6a-lu. 


109. Intestines. 


i-na-lu-uii-a. 


3G. Adam's apple. 


tup-kii-ra. 


110. Penis. 


u su, u-su-ii. 


37. Bodv. 


ka-ti-gai. 


Ill, Vulva. 


ut-yu. 


38. Shoulder. 


tu-in-ya, twi-twi'n-yli, niga- 


112. Fist. 


ya-klt-kai. 




blii-ii. 















i "Youth." 
'Dim. of "youth." 
s Dirn. of "young woman.' 
♦Same as nose. 



M'n-yu-gai toes, = fingers. 
All natives do not givo names for tlieso toes, 
spond to tho names for lino fingers. 



These corro. 



52 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, Qc— Continued. 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Dress and ornaments. 



Cap attached to frock. 
Tunic. 
Outer tunic. 
Iimor tunic. 
Knee-breeches. 
Fur socks. 

Pair of moccasins, reach- 
ing to knee. 
Pair of moccasins, reach- 
ing to knee, water-proof. 
Shoes. 

Woman's moccasins. 
Girdle. 

Pain-frock, of walrus-gut. 
Mwitens, deerskin. 
Mittens ot bearskin. 
Gloves. 
Blanket. 

Robe of deerskin. 
Buckskin. 
Pringc of skin. 
Sinew. 

Thread (of sinew). 
Paint, black lead. 
Tattoo marks. 
Pouch. 
A ring. 
An earring. 
Labret. 
Barehead. 
Barefoot. 
Naked. 



ne's-u. 

a-ti-ge. 1 

ka-lu-ru-a. 

i-lu-pa. 

ka'k-a-lix. 

a-luk-sm. 

kft'ni-mun. 

yu-kii'k-qim. 2 

kl'b-lu-a-tyi-a. 3 
ku'm-mufi.* 

tsip-se. 

si-lu'ii-a. 5 

ait-kat-i. 

pii-a-lu 6 . 

ad-ri-gu-l-rl'n. 

li-lig-ru-a. 

"u-a-ga. 

yea-kl-vi'k-sa. 

ni-gra-ka. 

nii-km-a. 

i-val-u. 

rni'n-un. 

tab-lu-ru-tin. 

piik-sak. 

ka-tu'k-ql6-rufi. 

no-go-lu. 

tii-tu. 

nes-a-su. 

u-s6a-su, u-sl-lak-to. 

mut-;ak-to. 



Dwellings. 



1. Village. 

2. AVigwam (permanent 

dwelling). 

3. Doorway. 

4. Wooden trap-doorway. 

5. Smoke-hole. 

6. Fire-place. 

7. Fire. 

8. Fire-wood. 

9. Blaze. 

10. A light 

11. Living coals. 

1 2. Dead coals. 

13. Ashes. 

14. Smoke. 

15. Soot 

16. Poker. 

17. Bench or bed-place. 

18. A post. 

19. Ridge-polo or joist. 

20. Poof. 

21. Wall. 

22. Short beams below win- 

dow. 

23. Opening for window. 

24. Window-frame. 

25. Window-stretchers. 

26. Window-skin. 

27. Floor. 

28. Polo hung ur> for drying 

clothes. 

29. Frame for same. 

30. Lower frame for same. 

31. Lodge (temporary dwell- 

ing) tent. 

32. Bed. 

33. Snow house. 

34. Little house. 

35. Little tent. 

36. Sewing-tent 

37. A ladder. 

38. A stone. 

39. Spring. 

40. Water. 

41. Passage-way. 

42. Trail or path. 

43. Seat, chair. 



I 



iu-yu-gi-u'k-to, I'g-a-lon. 
I'g-lu. 

pan, pa. 

klVt-tu. 

pn-yiYk-o-vi-a, i-gat-ik-la. 

i-ga, a-ga-run. 

I'g-ni-a. 

kun-na-ta-kln. 

ka-miin-i-su-a. 

mun-a-ru-a. 

ki-ruk-tu-ga. 

kirii-e-to. 

kam-nl-u'm-na-rin. 

i-suk. 

pari. 

i 'g-nia-kun. 

Ig-la-re, i'g-li-sin. 

it-kea-run. 

tu-run. 

kl'l-i-sIB. 

kut-ye. 

In it-kau-rtn. 

i-ea-la. 

ki'n-in. 

S't-kufi. 

l'n-a-lu. 

pun-5'k-sa, nat-kylil. 

i-mav-wlii. 

i-ni-tun. 

I-ni-sat-ya". 
tii-pek. 

si-ni'g-wi. 
a-pvi-ya. 7 
J'g-lo-yu, lg-lii-ra. 
tu-pejk-o-yu, au-riik-tu, ka-Iox 

win. 
siid-li-Twin. 
tii-mai-kun. 
u-ja-ruB. 
im-eak-su-in. 
i-meak, i-muk. 
ap-ko-at-ta s kai-mt-tin. 
ap-ko-tin. 
it-sl-baa-tin. 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Implements and Utensils. 



Bow of wood. 

Bowstiing. 

Sinew on back of bow. 

Arrow. 

Notch in end of arrow for 

bowstring. 
Notch in end of arrow for 

arrow-head. 
Arrow-head of stone. 
Arrow-head chipper 

(made of horn, &c). 
Point of ariow-head. 
At row-shaft, of wood. 
Arrow-feathers. 
Quiver. 
Quiver strap. 
Wrist-guard. 
War club, small. 
Slnng-shot 
Fish spear. 
Bird dart. 
Deer lance. 
Bear lance. 

Seal harpoon (stabbing). 
Head of same. 
Line of same. 
"Loose-shaft" of same. 
Fore shaft, of same. 
Wooden shaft of same. 
Lino on tho same. 
Ivory ice-pick of same. 
Sral harpoon, darting. 
Head of same. 
Short "loose-shaft" of 

same. 
Heavy fore shaft of same. 
.Short line to "loose-shaft" 

of same. 
Long "wooden shaft of 

same. 
Lashing of same. 
Ivory iee-pick of same. 
Ivory finger-rest of same. 
Ivory peg for line of same. 
Bone seal-spear head. 
Plead of walrus harpoon. 
Whale harpoon. 
Head of same. 
"Poke" for same. 
Line or rope. 
Knife of stone. 
Knife-handle. 
Woman's round knife. 
Sling. 
Bird bolas. 
Canoe, single. 
Large skin-boat. 
Paddle. 
Mast 
Sail. 

Harpoon rest. 
Canteen made of seal skin. 
Fish-line. 
Fish or seal net. 
Fish-hook. 

Net for catching fish. 
Pipe. 

Pipe of stone, 
ripe-stem of wood. 
Sledge. 
Flat sledge. 
Dog-harness. 
Seal-dart. 
Snow-shovel. 
Walrus harpoon. 



pi-zi'k-sl. 

nu-ka'k-ta. 

ka'k-u-tai, kam-ni-gai. 

ka'k-a-ru. 

ag-glu-a. 

i't-er-o. 

ku-kin. 
ki'g-li(x). 

I'g-ni-a. 

i-pu-a. 8 

su-lii-In. 

pi-zl'k-si-zaq. 

mu'n-nau-ta. 

mu'n-°Id-zin. 

ti'g-a-lun. 

tu'b-lu-kuB. 

kali-i-bu-a. 

nu-ya'k-pai. 

ka p-un. 

pu'n-nu. 

ii-mr. 

naii-lu. 

tn-kak-fln. 

i'-gi-mu. 

kittfi. 

i-pu-a. 

Sii-bro-mi-a. 

t.i-u. 

naii-li-gu. 

nau-lu. 

i'-gi-mu. 

u-ku-mai-lu-ta. 
ip-i'-u-ta. 

i-pu-a. 

nirn-xa. 

t'd-n. 

ti'-ka. 

ki'-ler-bwin. 

a'ic-:ili-guk. 

tfi-kii. 

a'i-yuu. 

ki'-a-^ron. 

a-no-tti'k-pufi. 

a'k-qlu-na. 

li-yum-i-ga. 

i-pufi-a, sa-vik-i-pii-a. 

n-hi-ra. 

I'd'-lu. 

kel-au-wi-taii-tln. 

kai'-a (k). 

li-mi-ii (k). 

aii-un. 

na-pdk-sa. 

tlfi-I-drau-ta. 

ku'n-mi. 

i'-mu-tln. 

ip-i'-u-ta. 

kii-bra. 

ni'k-sin, i'iik-qlun. 

sa'p-o-tin. 10 

ku-i'n-ya. 

ni'-a, si-u-na. 

i-pii-a. 

ka'm-o-tin. 

ri-ni-a. 

a-nun. 

ku-ki-gu. 

pi'k-sun. 

li-nak-puk. 



Wooden-ware. 



1. Cup or dipper. 

2. Meat tray. 

3. Bowl. 

4. Fire-drill. 

5. Bucket. 



i'-mo-syvi. 
i'-li-bi-a, nu'1-u-In. 
pI't-tuM-O. 
ni'-o-o-tin. 
kiit-au-a. 



1 "parka," Russian territory. 

2 Lit. " sealskins." 
3 Deer, or sealskin. 

4 Trousers and shoes in one piece. 
6 f. sila, "weather." 



6 Also of dogskin for children. 
'apun = "snow." 
8 "Shaft" in general. 
'"Weight." 
lc Set-DCt. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



53 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, <,c— Continued. 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Wooden-ware— Continued. 



C. Tub (large). 

7. Tub. 

8. Tub. 

9. Tub (urinal). 

10. Oil tub. 

11. Deep dish forcooked meat. 



ll-n-li'k-puu:; 

kad-11-vwin. 

kak-I-ta, 

ku-o-vwIH. 

il'k-si-TwiS. 

u-r6-nea-vwiu. 



Stone implements. 



1. 


Adze. 


lid-li-mau. 


2, 


Knife-point. 


i'g-ni-S. 


3. 


Knife-edge. 


ki'-na. 


4. 


Scraper. 


i'-kun. 


5. 


Borer. 


i'-taun, i'-tug-et-sau 


G. 


Curved knife for wood. 


mi'd-lm. 


7. 


Curved knife for ivory. 


sa-vix-r<5n. 


8. 


"Whalebone tool. 


s;i-vix-u. 


9. 


Lamp. 


kod-lii. 


10. 


Bridge or partition in 

lamp. 
Blubber stick for lamp. 


sa-po-tlii. 


11. 


i'-pPk-tun. 


12. 


Kettle. " 


ut-ku-zln. 



Utensils of shell, horn, bone, die. 



1. Horn cup. 

2. Horn kidle. 

3. Fossil-ivory dipper. 

4. Ivory oil-cup. 

5. Ivory needle case, 
fi. Bow-drill of bono. 

7. Drill-bow. 

8. Drill mouth-pieeo. 



i'-mo-syu. 

kil-i-yu-tu. 

kil-Ig-wu'g-a-ro. 3 

6-ho-vwin. 

li-ya-mi. 

ni-a'k-tun. 

pi-zlk-su-a. 

ki'n-mi-a. 3 



Food. 



1. Tood, meat. 

2. Son ii. 

3. Milk. 

4. Juice of meat. 

5. Whale skill. 

G. Juice of meat cooked. 

7. "Whale's gum. 

8. Dish of dter-t allow. 



n'ia-ke. 

u-I't-vu-a n'ia-kS. 

i'-muB. 

uk-lS-ru. 

uaVk-tuk. 

ii-run. 

inu'm-a. 

a-ku'-to. 



Colors. 



1. Black. 

2. Blue. 

3. Green. 

4. Eed. 

5. AVhite. 
G. Yellow. 
7. Spotted. 



mfm-a'k-tu-a. 

n-mu-drak-tu-a, kaii-ina-ru-a. 
u-mu-drak-tu-a. 
ka-be'k-su-a, ka-na'k-tu-ii, i- 

pi-sa. 
ka-tu'k-tu-a. 
ka-ntin-ea-su-i't-yu-a. 
ag-lu'k-tu-a. 



Numerals — Cardinal numbers. 



1. One. 

2. Two. 

3. Three. 

4. Four. 

5. Five. 

6. Six. 

7. Seven. 

8. Eight, 

9. Nine. 
10. Ten. 



SUBSTANTIVE. 

a-taii-zi-a. 
ai'j-pa. 

pin-a-yu-ii. 

ee-sa-ma. 

tii'd-li-ma. 

a-tau-tcim-ifi a-ka-bln- 

i'd-i-gIn L thd-li-ma. 4 
mnd-ro-nin, &c. 
pln-a-sun-Iii, &c. 
kod-lin-o-o-tai-la. 6 
kod'-lin. 



ADJECTIVE. 

a-tau-zlk. 
mad-ro. 
pi'ii-a-sun. 
sP-sa-man. 
tu'd-li-man, tu'd- 
li-mut. 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Numerals — Cardinal numbers— Continued. 



11. Fourteen. 

12. Fifteen. 

13. Twenty. 

14. Twenty-fivo. 

15. Thirty. 

1G. Thirty-five 

17. Forty. 

18. One hundred. 

19. One-half. 

20. All. 



a-ki-miar-ot-ai't-5'uu-a. 6 

a-ki-ini'-a. 

I'n-yu-i'n-a. 

I'n-yu-i'n-a tiid-li-mit'D-in a-ka- 

bin-1'd-i-gin. 
I'n-yu-i'n-a kod'-ll'n-lu, a-ka- 

bin-1'd-i-gln. 
i'n-yu-i'n-a ak-i-mia-min ai'- 

pi'i-liu. 
mad-ro in-yu-i'n-ii. 
tud-li-mu'b-i-pi-a. 
nu'b-va, 
mu'k-wii. 



Numerals (answering the question, " How many?") 



1. One. 

2. Two. 

3. Three. 

4. Four. 

5. Five. 

6. Ten. 

7. Fifteen. 

8. How many? 

9. A great many. 



a-tautch-m-m. 7 

road-io-nin. 

pin-a-si'm-in. 

se-sa-ma-nin. 

tud-li-mii'n-in. 

kod'-li'n-IS. 

a-ki-mia-min. 

kap-si-mn? 

a-ma-drak-tu(k). 1 



Division of time. 



1. A moon. 

2. Fourth qnarter of moon. 

3. Winter. 

4. Summer. 

5. One winter ago. 
G. Two winters ago. 

7. Night. 

8. Dawn. 

9. Sunrise. 

10. Dusk. 

11. Day before day before 

yesterday. 

12. Day before yesterday. 

13. Yesterday. 

14. To-day. 

15. To-morrow. 

1G. D iv after to-morrow. 

17. Day after day after to- 

morrow. 

18. Now (adverb). 

19. Past timo (adverb). 

20. Future timo (adverb). 

21. Anciently. 

22. When? (in past). 

23. When? (in future). 

24. f Autumn moons, when"! 
the women work on i 
deerskins in the sew- f 
ing-tent. ; 

26. Dark winter moon. 

27. Moon when sun roturns. 

28. Moon to start deer-hunt- 

ing. 

29. Nest moon. 

30. Whaling moon. 

31. Duck moon. 

32. Egg moon. 

The rest of the year— 



tn' t-kim a-tau-zlk. 

nip-ta-kak-tu-a. 

u-ki-o. 

u-plii-ak-sa. 

u-ki-o. 

u-ki-o-si-bwii-a-ni. 

ta.<> 

ug'-lu. 

suk-un-yuk-paufi-a. 

ni'p-I-ru. 

i's-fa. 10 

ik-pii'k-sa. 

u-nufi-mun, ufi-a-li-a-na. 

kuD-mu'm-I. 

u-bla-xo. 

ik-pfi'k-sa. 

i's-fa. 11 

tu'tl-wa, 

ai-pa-ni. 12 

na-na-ko. ]0 

a-dra-ni. 

ku'n-ii ? 

ka-kn-go ? 

siid-li-vwln. 

siid-H-vwiu kIn-6-li-a, s.-ai'-pa. 

i-das-n-ga-rn. 

kai-bwi'd-a-wl. 
aud-lak-to-bwl. 

suk-fiu-ya-su-ga-wi. 

u-mi-su'r'-bwlu, suk-sl-la-bwi. 

kau-kcr'-bwin. 

yo'g-ni-a-bwln. 

No moon, sun only." 



Animals — Mammals. 



1. Bear, polar. 

2. Bear, cinnamon (barren 

ground). 

3. Caribou (barren ground). 

4. Caribou fawn. 

5. Caribou young buck. 

G. Caribou,' old hornless doe. 



na'-nu. 
a'k-qlak. 

tu'k-tu. 
n6-xa. 
nu-ka."> 
ai-nufi. 



'Stone or iron. 

2 Kiligwii, fossil ivory. 

3 "Heel." 

" 1 added to 5. 

5 "10 reduced." (?) 

c "I don't get to fifteen." 

'"One in number," " to the number of ono." 



s The common reply for any number over five. 
"Lit. "darkness." 

10 And preceding days. 

11 And succeeding days. 

is More than four years ago. 
M Lit. "by and by." 
» Under five years. 



54 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKLMOS, «fc— Continued. 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 


1 


A n Vmals — Mam metis — Continued. 


Birds — Continued. 


7. Dos- 


ki'in-mer, ki'n-muk. 


17. Goose (white). 


ku'fi-o. 




8. Dou puppy which can 


kim-ml-a-ru. 


IS. Goose (brant). 


nug'-Jii'g-nu. 




walk. 




19. Grouse (white), Ptarmi- 


a-ku'd-a-gin. 




9. Bog puppy, blind. 


kl'ra-mi-yu. 


gan. 






10. Ermine. 


tC'i'-i'-ii. 


20. Gull. 


naii-yii. 




j 11. Fox. 


kai-a7k-tuk 


21. Gull, Sabine's. 


yitk-kud-ri-gug-i'-a. 




! 12. Fox (red). 


ka-na'k-tu-a. 


22. Gull, Boss' Posy. 


ka'B-max-a-lu. 




13. Pox (black). 


kai-au-a, kaiak-tnk nriin-a'k- 


23. Ivory gull. 


nau-ya-hwufi. 






tu-a. 


24. Gerfalcon. 


kl'd-ri-guin-iil. 




14. Fox, Arctic. 


ter-i'g-iiu-i-ii. 


25. Loon (white-hilled). 


lud'-Ufi. 




15. Lemming. 


av-Tvifi-fi. 


26. Loon (red or hlack throat- 


ka'k-sau. 


, 


1C. Marmot (Parry's). 


si'k-siu. 


ed). 






IT. Moose. 


tu k-tu-wiifi. 


27. Owl (white snowy). 


iik-pi(k). 




18. Narwhal. 


tu-ga-liu. 


| 28. Phalarope, red. 


sa-bra n . 




i 19. Ox, musk. 


u-mui-mau. 


■ 29. Phalarope, northern. 


sa-briin-na. 




I 20. Sable. 


kiVb-we-a-ti-a. 


30. Pigeon (sea). 


seak-bwuk. 




1 21. Seal, ringed. 


nfi't-yi. 


31. Plover (blaek-hellied). 


ki-raion. 




22. Seal, ringed, young. 


net-yi-a-ru. 


32. Plover (golden). 


tiid'-liii. 




23. Seal, harbor. 


ka-sl-gi-a. 


33. Paven. 


tu-lu-a. 




24. Seal, ribbon. 


kai-xo-liu. 


34. Sandpiper (pectoral). 


ai-hwuk-i-a. 


> 


2,"). Seal, bearded. 


lig'-ru. 


35. Sandpiper (Bonaparte's). 


kain-i-a-lu. 


I 


26. Sheep, mountain. 


i'm-nea. 


36. Sandpiper (red-backed). 

37. Sandpiper ( s e m i- 


m6aka-plu. 


i 


27. Wolf. 


a-ma-xo. 


nl-wIM-wVl-uk. 




28. Walrus. 


ai'-bwuk. 


palmated). 






29. Whale. 


ak'-bwiik. 


38. Sandpiper (buff-breasted.) 


nud-lu-a-yu. 




30. Whale, killer. 


ax-lo. 


39. Snipe, robin. 


tu-a-wi-a* 




31. Whale, "white. 


kll-e'l-yu-ii. 


40. Swan. 


kiig'-ru. 




32. Wolverine. 


kab-wni. 


41. Skua. 


i-srm-u. 




33. Mammoth (fossil). 


kll-i'g'-wa. 


42. Tern. 


ut-yu-ta-kiu. 




34. Foetus. 


i'-hlan. 


43. Turnstone. 


tul-i'g-u-a. 




Parts of the body, 


dc, of mammals. 


• 




i 






Parts of the body, dc, of birds. 


1 


1. Antlers. 


nu'g-e-ru. 


. 








2. Bone. 


sau-nii. 


1. Beak, or hill. 


si-go. 




3. Brain. 


kax-za. 


2. Mouth. 


kan-a. 




4. Claw. 


kii-kin . 


3. Eye. 


i'd-druB. 




5. Dung. 


an-na. 


4. Neck. 


ko-mo-zin. 




G. Entrails. 


i-na-lu-uii-a. 


5. Feathers. 


tn-hi-ga. 




7. Fat. 


lik-snk. 


G. Wings. 


i's-a-xo, l's-a-xu-In. 




8. Hair. 


mi't-ko. 


7. Wing-feathers. 


sii-lu. 




9. Heart. 


u-ma-ta. 


8. Tail. 


pup-kln-ea-ko-ko. 




10. Meat. 


nia-kf. 


9. Tail-feathers. 


pu'p-ki. 




11. Milk. 


i'-muii . 


10. Legs. 


mi'p-kwo. 




12. Paw. 


is-i-gai'. 


11. Toes. 


is-I-"gai. 




13. Penis. 


u-su-a, u-su. 


12. Claws. 


kii-kin. 




14. Stomach. 


a-ke-a-xo. 


13. Gizzard. 


a-ke-a-xo. 




35. Skin. 


a-mia. 


14. Vent. 


l't-ka. 




16. Tail. 


puni-i-u-nii. 


15. Egg. 


mii'n-ni. 




17. Tendon or leader. 


i'-va-lu . 


16. Shell (of egg). 


sau-naii-a. 




18. Teeth. 


ki'g-u-tii. 


17. Yolk (of esg). 


ka-nnn-ra. 




19. Walrus-tusk or ivory. 


tii-ga. 


18. White (of egg). 


ik-tl-a. 




20. Tongue. 


oka. 


19. Bird's nest. 


u-glu(n). 




21. Testicles. 


i'g-gru. 


20. He flies. 


tin-i-rn-a. 




22. Whale-hone (a "slab"). 

23. Seal's hreathing-hole (in 


cu-kiik. cii-kai (pi.). 
a(d)-lu. 












i 


ice). 




Fi 


sh. 




JBii 


■ds. 


1. A fish. 

2. Burbot. 

3. Cockle. 


TU-ka-lu. 

tl-ta-lS. 

si-ii-ti-go. 4 








1. Bird. 5 


kaii-we. 1 


4. Crab. 


ki-naii-ra. 5 




ti'n-mia. 2 


5. Lycodcs. 


kiix-rau-na. 




2. Auk. 


at-pa. 


G. Sculpiu. 


ku'1-ai-o, ku'n-ai-o. 




3. Bunting (Lapland). 


nes-aud-li-gii, $ nes-aud-li-ga- 


7. Smelt. 


it-bou-nifi. 


i 




bi-ii. 


8. Whitehall. 


a-nak-qluii. 


I 


4. Bunting (snow). 
: 5. Crane (little sandhill). 


a-mau-h-ga, y a-maii-li-ga-ln-a. 
tiit-I'd-ri-gu. 














' C. Curlew (Eskimo). 


tu-ra-tu-ra. 








7. Duck. 


kaii-we. 3 


Parts of the bo 


dtj, dc, offish. 




S. Duck (pintail). 
9. Duck (king). 


i'V-Wll-gll. 

cf ki'n-a-llli, $ aii-na-hi-a. 














10. Duck (Pacific eider). 


c? a-maii-lin, $ eu-gii-lu'k-tun. 


1. Mouth. 


kau-a. 


■ 


11. Duck (Steller's). 


lg-m-kaiik-to. 


2. Eye. 


id-run. 




12. Duck (Spectacled eider). 


ka-wa-so, cf tu-tu-lu, $? yu'k- 


3. Gills. 


mas-si. 






qlu-lu. 


4. Breast-fin. 


aii-u-tau." 




■ 13. Duck (long-tailed I 


a-had-lin, ;'id-yi-gi-;t. 


5. Back-fin. 


sit-ka. 




14. Eagle (golden). 


tl'ii-miak-puk. 


6. Tail-fin. 


pum-i-u-na. 
ka-p-1-si. 




15. Finch or any little passe- 


su'k-sa-xi-a. 


7. Scales. 




rine bird. 




8. He swims. 


afi-o-ak-tu-a. 




10. Goose (white-fronted). 


nu'g'-lug'-ru-ii. 


9. Claw of a crab. 


pii-dju-tin. 


| 



1,1 Fowl." 

2 "Small bird.' 

3 Lit. "fowl." 



4 Sin-" ear." 
s Hyas latifrons. 
6 Fromafiun "paddlo." 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



55 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, <y-c— Continued. 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 




Insects. 


Geographical names— Continued. 


1. lieo (humble). 


i-su-tyai. 


5. Laud below yillagc, SOUth- 


A-umu^na. 




2. Butterfly. 


Ink • ii - lfi'k - t-ca , t uk • a - liik - 1- 


WOst. 








dj ak- sun. 1 


0. Next piece of land. 


Ki'k-ku. 




3. Fly. 


r.i-bra-ru-ii. 


7. Land at double lagoon. 


Nu-na-va. 




4. Horse-fly. 


i-gyu-ta(.'). 


8. First camp below. 


Seak-qlu-ka. 




5. Louse. 


ku-miik. 


9. Second camp below. 


Na-ke'd-rl-xo. 




(i. Mosquito. 


kl'k-to-ri-a. 


10. Third camp below. 


Ku-o-sng'-ru. 




7. Spider. 


pi-drai-rn-ra. 2 


11. Fourth camp below. 


Nu-na'k-tu-au. 




S. Worm. 


iui-pidro. 


12. Fifth camp below. 


l'p-per-su-a. 




9. Branchipus (aquatic). 


I ri-tiiu-a. 


13. Sixth camp below. 


Wa'l-ak-pa. 
Er-m-vwifi. 
Si'u-a-ru. 








14. Seventh camp below. 

15. Eighth camp below. 






Plants. 


10. Ninth camp below. 


Sa-kam-na. 






17. Wainwright's Inlet. 

18. Wainwright's Inlet. 

19. Wainwright's Inlet. 


Nu-na-ri-a. I0 
Si-da-ru. u 
A-l nn-6. > 2 




1. Leaf. 


kiu-me-re. 




20. Village, southwest of the 


Kll-aue-ta-wifi. 




2. "Willow calkins. 

3. Limb. 

4. Body or trunk. 

5. Boot. 

C. Tree, willow. 

7. Wood. 

8. Small wood. 


ki'm-mi-u-ru. 3 

kwa-re. 

nuFi-a. 

ld'1-yen-B-ra. 

u'k-pi(k). 

kO'-ru. 

na-kl't-yu-a kS-ni. 


inlet.(?) 

21. Point Hope. 

22. Elsou Bay. 


Tik-8-ra. 13 

Ta's-yiik." 




23. Little pond at Pern-yii. 


Kik-yuk-tu'k-tu-ro. 16 




24. First beach lagoon (salt). 


I-meak -pu'n-ig-lu. 10 




25. Second beach lagoon 

(fresh). 
20. Third boach lagoon 


I-meak-pufi." 




9. Large wood (timber). 


na-pak-'tu. 4 


Si'n-nyu. 13 
I'k-pl-lffi." 




10. A flower, yellow poppy or 
buttercup. 


tuk-a-lu'k-I-ca, &c. 5 


(fresh). 
27. Fourth beach lagoon 




11. Flowers. 


nau-ru-un. 


(salt). 










28. Fifth beach lagoon 


1-mcrn-ya. 






(goose-pond). 






Geographic terms. 


29. Sixth beach lagoon (at 


I-su't-kwa. 






station). 
30. Little villoge-ponds. 


Tiis -e-ra-ru. 








1. North. 


u-ua-ni. 


31. Little sti cam east of Point 


Ku-a-ru ai-])a. 20 




2. Northeast. 


a-kil-yvtn-ua-nri. 


Barrow. 






3. East. 


ka-ba-ni. 


32. First large river east of 


Ku-a-ru. 




4. Southeast. 


ka-wa-ni-kii'nini. 


Point Barrow. 






5. South. 


pii-ni. 


33. Second largo river east of 


Ku lu-gru-a. 




(5. West. 


a-wa-ni. 


Point Barrow (Meade). 






7. Southwest. 


a-wa-ni-ku'n-n:'i. 


34. Thiid largo river east of 


I'k-plk-pufi. 21 




8. Northwest. 


wal-uii-na-nn. 


Point Carrow. 






0. Northward. 


u-nuO-a. 


35. Great Lake connected 


Ta's-y iik-pufi. 22 




10. Northeastward. 


a-kil-yuu-iui-niun. 


with this. 






11. Eastward. 


ka-vu'n-a. 


3G. Mackenzie Biver. 


Ku'-pufi. 23 




12. Southeastward. 


ka-wu'fi-a-tu'n-na. 


37. The Colvillo Biver was 






13. Southward. 


pai'in-:i. 


always spoken of as 






14. Westward. 


a-wu'n-. : i. 


"Nog-a-lefi-mT-ku," 






15. South west ward. 


a-wii'n-ii-ku'n-na. 


"the river at Nega- 






30. Northwestward. 


wal-i'ih-na-mun. 


lek,'' and we did not ob- 






17. Here. 


m;i-ni. 


tain the name. 






IS. Hither. 


maun-a. 


38. Biver at Wainwright's 


Ku." 1 




10. Where. (?) 


ci'i-mi. (?) 


Inlet. 






20. Whither? 


cu-mun. (?) 


39. Biver of the Nunatan- 


Nu-(n)a-tok. 25 




21. Sea. 


tax-ai-o. 


'.neun. 






22. Bay. 


tu'fi iik-i|Iun. 


40. Locality for gypsum, one 


Tu't-ye. 




23. Strait. 


to'd -at-kori. 


day's journey east. 






24. Lake. 


i-meak. 1 ' 


41. ,: Fair-ground' ' at mouth 


Ne'g-a-lek. 20 




25. Island. 


kik-yu'L-tu. 


of Colvillo Biver. 






26. Point. 

27. Biver, stream. 


nii-wuk. 
ku. 












28. Itiver mouth. 


pan-a. 


[ The Finn a inent.— Meteorological and other physical 


l>henom- 


29. Cape. 


u-Ek-to. 


ena and objects. 




30. Saudspit. 

31. Sandy island. 


ten -Hk-a-ru. 
tfi'p-kun. 












32. lleneii, shore. 


si-na. 


1. A cloud. 


a-no-wi-e'k-sa-xo. 




33. Beninsula. 


i-su. 


2. The clouds. 


nu-bu-ya. 




34. Cliff. 


i'k-pik. 


3. Clear sky. 


a-lu'k-tu-a. 








4. Sky, weather, "all out- 
doors." 


si'-lii. 






Geographical names. 


5. Sun. 


su'k-un-yu(k). 






(i. Moon, 

7. Full-moon. 


tiYt-kun. 
Im-ighik-tu-a. 








1 . Point Barrow and village. 


Nu-wiik. 7 


-| 8. Half-moon. 


niix-ak-to. 




2. Summer camp, Elsou Bay. 


Pern-yii. 


9. Crescent-moon. 


a-mi't-yu-ii. 27 
u-glu-ri-ii. 
u-glu-ri-a a-ua'k-tu-ii 




3. U. S. signal station. 


I-su't-kwa. 8 


10. Stars. 




4. Village at Cape Smythe. 


Tjt-k(l)i-av-wi2. 9 


11. Meteor. 


-. 



'Cf.tuk-u-ya, 'flag." 
2 "Little braider." 
1 "Puppies."(?) 
4 Cf. na-pak-sii, "mast.' 
5 Same as "butterfly." 
<">" Water." 

7 "The Point." 

8 Also name of lagoon, 
a " The Cliffs." 

10 Deserted village. 
"New village. 
12 A few houses. 
13 " The Forefinger." 
11 " Enclosed water." 



'Island Pond.' 
in "Big water, too." 
17 "Big water." 
'» " Shoestring." (?) 
""With high banks." 

20 " The Second Kuaru." 

21 "The Great Cliffs." 

22 " Great enclosed water." 1 
23 "The Great Kivor." 
24 "Tho Eivor." 

«" Inland." 

26 "Goosetown." I 

27 Lit, "thin." 



56 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



YOCABULABY COLLECTED FROM TEE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 


The Firmament -Continued. 


Social organization. 


12. Aurora. 


ki-6(l).ya. 


1. 


Eskimo. 


1'n-yu. 9 




13. Rainbow. 


ni'-fifi. 


2. 


White man. 


ka-blii-na, tu'n-nyin. 




14. Fog. 


tii'k-tu. 


3. 


Negro. 


tak-si-prun. 




15. Hoar-frost. 

16. Snow. 


si'-ko nug-5-rti'k-to. 
a-pun. 


The following are local designations, signifying "men of 
and such a nlaee." 


such 


17. Falling snow. 


ka-nin. 








18. Drifting snow. 


pe'q-sn. 


1. 


Point Barrow. 


-Nn-wu'11-me-un. 




10. Hail. 


teg-mit-ko-sak-to. 


2. 


Cape Smythe. 


Et-ki-av-wi'fi-mS-un. 




20. Ice. 


si-ko. 


3. 


"Wainwiight's Inlet. 


Si-da-rtin-mSun. 




21. Icicle. 


ku-sii-gCi, ko-ko-lu-tin-ya. 


4. 


River ''Ku." 


Kun-m5-nn. 




22. Water. 


i'-meak, i'-mhk. 


5. 


Kil-au-i-ta-wiS. 


K-il-au-I-ta-wi'fi-mg-un. 




23. Deep water. 


i't-i-ra. 


6. 


Point Hope. 


Tlk-C-rafl-me-un. 




24. .Shallow water. 


i'-ka-to. 


7. 


Hotham Inlet. 


Si-la- wl'fi-me-un. 




25. Imago reflected by water. 


ta-ga". 


8. 


Botham Inlet. 


Kn-wft'n-m5-un. 




20. Foam. 


k;i-pak-qln. 


9. 


Nu-a-tak and' Colvillo 


Nu-na-taS-mS-un. 10 




27. "Wave. 


mul-lin, mu'1-lhk-so. 




Rivers. 






28. Current. 


s6ak'-bwfi. 


10. 


Mouth of Mackenzie 


Ku-pu'n-me-un. 




29. Northeast current. 


kai-j;m-na. 




River. 






30. Southwest current. 


pi-rb-fi'n-na. 




Tribal names. 




31. North current. 


ait-tafi-nii. 








32. Soath current. 


tuk-su'n-nc. 


11. 


Between Colvillo and 


Kfin-mh'd'-lin. 11 




33. Eddv. 


ld'd-la. i 




Mackenzie. 






34. Whirlpool. 


i'-cftk-a-ru-a. 


12. 


Inland beyond Colville. 


tt-fcu'd'-lin. 12 




35. Overflow of river. 


cu-pi-rii-a. 


13. 


Inland beyond Colville (?). 


En-a-ko-ti-na. 13 




36. Flood tide. 


u-li'k-tu-a. 










37. Ebb tide. 


kln-i'k-tu-a. 








38. Rain. 


si'-la-lu. 




Government. 




39. Thunder. 


kiYd-lu. 








40. Liahtning. 


i'g-ni-a. 2 














41. Wind. 

42. Strong wind. 


a-no-8. 

a-nak-lii'k-so. 


1. 


Captain of a boat. u-mi'a-llk. 




43. Norlli~to east wind. 


ik-iVn-na. 








44. Southeast wind. 


ni'-gyfi. 








45. South wind. 


Ml-a-u'n-na. 




Religion. 




46. Southwest wind. 

47. Northwest wind. 


rin-a-lu. 
kiin-u'n-nii. 
















48. "Whirlwind. 


u-ya-lu-na. 


1. 


A demon or hobgoblin. 


tti'uii-a. 




49. The ground. 


nu-nii. 










50. Dust or sand flying. 


pi-yu'k-so. 








51. Mud. 

52. Sand. . 


a-kutc-i-ni-a. 
si'na. 




Mortuary customs. 




53. Salt. 


tax-ai-o. 3 














54. Rock. 

55. Stone (jadeito, pectolite). 


uj-ya-irm, a-Ii-go. 
kaud'-lo. 


1. 


Dead body. 

Dead, he is. < 


i-ln-wun. 
tu-kii-ru-a. 
mi-na-im si-nl'k-to. 11 




50. Coal. 

57. Soapstone. 


al-lu-ii. 
tn-na'k-tu. 


2. 




58. Pitch. 


a'dn-gun. 










59. Amber. 


aii-mii. 








00. Eclipse of sun or moon. 


piid-la-ru. 




Medicine. 




01. Earthquake. 

02. Storm. 


i-bwa-rii-a. 
n-ma-13/k-puk. 
















63. Surf. 


i'n-i-u-lm. 


1. 


Headache. 


a-n£m-naq-tu-a. 




04. Rubbles. 


pub'-lun. 


2. 


Toothache 


ki-o-su'k-I-ru-a. 




05. Ursa major (tad). 


tu'k-tn-o-ru-In. 


3] 


A cold. 


nu-wuk. 




66. Pleiades. 


pa-tu'k-tu-rin. 


4. 


Svphilis. 
Aboil. 


u-su-hVk-1-ro. 




67. Arcturus. 


si-bwud'-li. 


5. 


a-yu-a. 




08. Altair. 


a-gru. 


6. 


A cut. 


pi-luk-si. 




69. Vega. 


a-giu-lu-bwfik. 


7. 


A lame man, woman, or 


tu-si-C't-to. 




70. Cassiopea. 


i'-brosi. 




girl. 






71. Orion's belt. 


tii-at-san. 


8. 


A lame boy. 


nu-pi-a-du. 




72. Ice-hummock. 


mo-ni'1-ya. 


9. 


A blind man. 


ad-iT-gaud'-lo. 








10. 
11. 


A blind woman. 
A deaf man. 


a-yafi-a-ru-a. 

tn-sil-ak-to. 








Kin 


ihip. 


12. 


Breath. 


an-ea-sak-tu-ii. 








13. 
14. 


Sweat. 
Blood. 


uk-uak-tu-ii. 








au. 




1. My child! 


a-pa!« 

pii'n-i-u, pu'n-i-gu. 6 

afi-o-ta. 

a-da-ta. 


35. 


Hrine. 


ku, ku-i-ru-3. 




2. My daughter! 

3. My father. 

4. My father's father. 


16. 

17. 
18. 


Dung. 

A medicine man. 

A medicine woman. 


k6k'-la, an-na. 

a-nflk-sa. 

pun-in-u-nii. 




5. My mother's father. 
G. My grandfather ! 


a-na. 
a-ta'-ti-gu. 6 
















7. My elder brother. 


a-niii-a. 




Amusements. 




8. My sister. 

9. My younger brother. 


ni'-ya-ga. 
nu-ka. " 
















10. My uncle. 


ak-ka-ka. 


1. 


Song. 


a-to'k-tu-ii. 15 




11. My father's sister. 


afl.-na.ru-a. 


2. 


Dance. 


\Va-mi. 




12. My mother's sister. 


a-ta-ga. 


3. 


Mask. 


ki-nau. 




13. My mother's brother. 


afi-a-ga. 7 


4. 


Gorget. 


su'k-I-mtin. 




14. My mother's sister. 


an-na-ru-ii. 


5. 


Dance-cap. 
Drum. 


ka'b-rft. 




15. Mylathcr'sbrother'swife, 


a-sau-a. 


6. 


lco'1-yau. 




male speaking. 




7. 


Whizzing-stick. 


Im-ighik-tu-a. 




16. My wife. 


nu-h-u'B-ii. 


8. 


Teetotum or top. 


kaip-sa. 




17. A step-brother. 


kut-fin-u-tii, » 


9. 


"Bean-snapper." 
Playing-sticks. 


mi-ti'g-li-gaun. 




18. Orphan. 


51-1-a-ru. 


10. 


ka-pu-ta. 





'Lit. "hole." 

2 "Fire." 

3 "Sea." 

4 Address ; also child to parent. 
'' Address. 

c l?u-ka-rin, "brothers." 

7 Female speaking. 

8 Of a different nation. 



9 Lit. "a human being." 

10 Come to Point Barrow every summer. 

"Eskimos. 

12 Red Indians — " Tino6. ' 

13 Red Indians. 

"Lit. "sleeps on the ground." 

16 "He sings. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



57 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 


New words. 


Number and gender of nouns— pronouns— Continued. 


1. Barrel. 


i-mo-si-d-ru. 


14. One boy. 


nu-kut-pi-a-ru a-taii-zlk. 


2. Large barrel, cask. 

3. Small barrel. 


i-mo-si-a-ru-ru-a. 


15. Two boys. 


nu-kht-pl-d-ru mad-ro. 


i-mo-si-a-ru-a-yu. 


16. Three boys. 


nu-kut-pi-a-rii-In pi'fi-a-sun. 


4. Whip. 


i-pi-rau-tii, a-nau-tii (without 


17. Many boys and girls. 


muk-qlfik-tu-a-ru-ln. 




lash). 


18. One clog. 


kl'm-mea a-tarl-zlk. 


5. Axe. 


a-nau-ta, tu-kt'n-ga-ru-a. 


19. Two dogs. 


kl'rn-imfi mad-ro. 


C. Iron-headed arrow. 


sav-id-lm. 


20. Three dogs. 


kl'ni-mifi pl'n-a-sun. 


7. Nails of metal. 


ki-ki-6n. 


21. Few dogs. 


kim-mer-1-ruu-a. 


8. Beads. 


tcuii-aii-ra. 


22. Many dogs. 


klm-mi-u-ma-ru. 


9. Broom. 


ti'1-ax-a-zi. 


23. All the dogs. 


mu'k-wa kl'fi-miik. 


10. Button. 


tu-tnu-ra. 1 


24. One arrow. 


ka'k-a-ru a-taii-zlk. 


11. Cloth. 


u-ki-tra, a-tik-qluB. 


25. Two arrows. 


ka'k-a-ru mad-ro. 


12. Cloth, sail. 


tIB-I-drau-ia. 


26. Three arrows. 


pin -a-sun-kak-a-ru-lifi. 
kak-a-ru-ke't-tvtfi-a. 


13. Comb. 


I(d)-Iai-u-tin. 


27. Few airows. (I have?) 


14. Clock. 


siik-un-yatl-ra. 2 


28. Many arrows. 


kak-a-ru-rufi-a. 


15. Knife, pocket. 


pin-a'k-tu. 


29. One stone. 


uj-ja-rfm a-taii-zik. 


16. Hammer. 


kau-tft. 


30. Two stones. 


uj-yak-kuB. 


17. Iron kettle. 


fit-ku-zln. 


31. Three stones. 


pl'n-a-sun uj-ya-ruH. 


18. Tin can or pannikin. 


iit-Sn-zi-au-rii. 3 


32. Many stones. 


nj-ya-ga-rm. 


10. Tin fish-horn. 


ni-pak-qtuk-taun. 


33. All the stones. 


irj-ya-ga-Trn, uj-ya-ra-rln (rnu'k- 


20. File. 


a-gi-rra. 




wa). 


21. Saw. 


u-lu-a'k-tun. 


34. Male dog. 


afi-n-sS'1-u. 


22. Glover's needle. 


ko-ag-ra-liii. 


35. Female dog. 


afi-na-se'1-u. 


23. Sciosors. 


svi'd IT-sin, pi.; sing, one blade, 


36. Male seal. 


ti'x-gun. 15 




sft'd-lm. 


37. Femalo seal. 


nu-nuq. 16 


24. "Watch chain. 


ku'1-tm-nu. 


38. Male bearded seal. 


kad-ii-gua. 


23. Pistol. 


cu-pftB-au -ra. 4 


39. Male reindeer. 


pu'n-rrufi. 


26. Gun. 


cvt-puB. 6 


40. Female reindeer. 


kii-lau-ufi. 


27. Kiile, "Winchester. 


a-ki-mla-lifi. 6 


41. This man. 


i'n-yn li-na. 


28. iliflo, Sharps'. 


sa-vix-ro-liu. 


42. I. 


wufi-a. 


29. Bific, Spencer. 


kai'p-sna-lifl. 


43. To inc. 


u-ii'm-nun. 


30. Kifle cartridge. 


kai'p-si. 


44. Thou. 


I'lu-It. 


31. Cartridge shell. 


U-iYg-6-ru. 


45. To thee. 


Sl-i'fi-nun. 


32. Bullet. 


ka'k-a-ru. 7 


46. He or sho. 


ri-na. 


33. Cap, percussion. 


ka'b'-lii. 


47. You two. 


il-ip-tik. 


34. Powder. 


ax-6-ra.s 


48. At your "place," house- 


Il-Ip-tlB-Inl. 13 


35. Shot. 


kftk-a-rii-ra. 9 


hold, &c. 




30. Iron. 


sa-vik. 


49. To your "place," &c. 


il-i'p-tiS-nmi. 


37. Lead. 


d-xa. 


50 We. 


u-u'g-un. 


38. Bullet-mold. 


kak-a-ri'-bwiB. 


51. At our "place," &e. 


n-a'p-tiu-ni. 


39. Target. 


lit k-sa-ra. 


52. To our "place," &c. 


u-a'p-tifl-nun. 


40. Cap or hat. 


nes-a-ra. 


53. Ye. 


I-li'p-sI. 


41. Coat. 


a-ti'-ge. 


54. At your "place," &c. 


I-11'p-siB-m. 17 


42. Pants or drawers. 


ku'm-roufi. 


55. To your "place." &c. 


i-lip-sin-nun. 


43. Bread (hard). 


kak-o-la. 


56. This, that. 


li-na, 6-kwa. 


44. Flour. 


'p\i-lau-;'i." 


57. This here. 


u-na-he, mu'n-na, mtin-ria-h6. 


45. Match, friction. 


kil-I-il'k-sa-gau. 


58. All this. 


niu'k-wa-he. 


40. Caudle or white man's 


ne'-ncx-ron 


59. Who? 


ki-nii. ? 


lamp. 




60. What, what is it? 


sii-na. 


47. Sugar. 

48. Molasses. 


"slft-ra." 






(ufi- ,'k-qln. 






49. Soap. 

50. Tobacco. 


i'a-kals-kun. 

taii-wak, tau-wak-o, "ti'-ba." 


Personal and article pronouns — transitive verbs. 


51. Spirits. 


tfi'B ii. 






52. Finger-ring. 


ka-tu'k-qle-rvifi. 






53. Mirror. 


ki'-na-raun, ta-gak-tu-en. 


1. I am striking him (now) 


ka-ka-ta-ru'E-a li-na. 


54. House (our station). 


Ig-lii-kpuk.'o 


with closed hand. 




55. Door. 


i-ka-ra, iip-kwa. 


2. Ho is striking with closed 


tl'g-lu-ka. 


56. Pencil. 


mifi-n a'k-tun. 11 


hand. 




57. Paper, book, newspaper. 


muk-pa-ra. 


3. I am kicking (him). 


wu'E-a, a-ki-ga. 


58. Steamboat. 


I'g-ni-lm. 1 - 2 


4. He is kicking him. 


ak-suB-ear-ii-na. 


59. Ship. 


u-mi-ii'k-puk 13 . 


5. Ittfi killed one duck with 


Ittu atautciniifl kelaultaiitlni 


GO. Ship, "three-master." 


u-mi-a'k-puk piB-a-sun-IB-na- 


the sling. 


kauwuksimero. 




pak-sa-Hfi. 


0. Ho kills deer. 


tfi'k-tu-tu-a. 




7. He kills ducks. 


kau-wu'k-tu-ii. 






8. He has killed no ducks. 


kau-wuB-ait-yo. 






Number and gender 


-if norms — pronouns. 


9. Who killed tho crane? 
10. Thev kill walruses. 


ki'-ii tut-Id-ri-gau-tii? 
ai'-bwiik-twun. 






11. He kills seals. 


ne't-yl(l)-su-a. 
pa-tuk-tu-a. 




I'n-yu a-taii-zlk. 


12. He divides into portions. 


1. One person. 


13. Are you making snow- 


tug-ii-lu'-li-bi ? 


2. Two persons. 


In-yu mad-ro. 


shoes ? 




3. Three persons. 


pi'fi-a-sun I'n-nu-in. 






4. Few men. 


In-yu-ki-tu-Sn. 










5. Many men. 


In-yu-gi-u/k-tu-an. 






6. What a number of men ! 


in-yu-kak-pa-si'1-ya ! 


Posse 


*sion. 


7. All the men. 

8. Some men. 


mu'k-wa l'n-nu-it. 
In-yu-gi-u/k-tu-an. 










9. Ko man. 


In-yu-ait-yo. 14 
I'n-yu ad-la. 


1. My hands. 


wu'fi-a a-di-gat-ka. 


10. Another man. 


2. I have no tobacco. 


ti-bax-ot-ait-yufi-ii. 


11. One woman. 


afi-iia a-taii-zlk. 


3. You have no tobacco. 


ti-bax-ot-ait-tu-iln. 


12. Two women. 


afi-na-qi'fi-na. 


4. Ho has no tobacco. 


ti-bax-ot-ait-yo. 


13. Three women. 


an-na-qaifi-nam. 

1 


5. Yo have no tobacco. 


ti-bax-ot-ait-yu-s8. 



1 "Little labret." 

2 "Little sun." 

s "Little kettle." 

4 "Little gun." 

5 " Onomatopoeic. 
c "15-er." 

7 Lit. "arrow." 

8 "paii-ra." 

» "Little bullets." 



10 "big iglu." 
n mi J fl-un=black lead. 
,2 i'g-ni-a "fire." 

13 "big canoe." 

14 " There is nobody." 

16 Phoca f oetida. 

1G Where there are only two. 

17 Whero there are more than two. 



H. Ex. 44- 



58 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG TEE ESKIMOS, $c— Ctutinued. 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Possession — Continued. 



6. They have no tobacco. 

7. I have plenty of tobacco. 

8. Ton have plenty of to- 

bacco. 

9. Whose dog is this? 
10. Whose party is this ? 
il. This is Angoru's party. 

12. Hero is Itt'u's dog. 

13. Whose bow is this? . 

14. "Whose knife is this ? 

15. AN'hose are all these 

hands? 
l(i. Nftgeru's (possessions). 

17. At Nftgera's. 

18. To Kugern's. 

19. A tern's bill. 

20. A woman of soaps.tone. 



ti-bax-ot-ait-yn-au. 
ti-bax u-ti-ka'k-tun-a. 
ti-bax-u-ti-ka'k-tu-tin. 

ki'a-o-kwa-lii'm-niea ? 
kit-kun tu'd-wa. 
Afi-o-riii-kun tu'd-wii. 
l't-tub ki'm-mea tu'd-wa. 
ki'ii 6-kwa pi-zi'k-si ! 
ki-ii 6-kwa sa-vik ? 
kit-kun mft'k-wa ad-ii-gai? 

Kng t-riit-kun. 1 . 
N"ng-6-nit-kun-iri. 
Nug-C-nit-kun-nun. 
ut-yu-ta-kib si'-go. 
tu-nak-tu'p-ku-ni-a.* 



Intransitive verbs, <£e 



1. I am hungry. 

2. I become hungry. 

3. I shall become hungry. 

4. You arc hungry. 

5. You become hungry. 

0. You will become hungry. 

7. Ye are hungry. 

8. Ye become hungry. 

9. Ye will become hungry. 

10. He is hungry. 

11. Ho becomes hungry. 

12. Ho will become hungry. 

13. They are hungry. 

14. They become hungry. 

1 5. They will become hungry. 

16. I am making water (uri- 

nating). 

17. I was makiug water. 

18. I am going to make water. 

19. Ittu is making water. 

20. I am talking. 

21. I was talking. 

22. I will talk. 

23. You were talking. 

24. He is talking. 

25. It-tft is talking. 

26. I am singing. 

27. I was singing. 

28. I will sing. 

29. You were singing. 

30. He is singing. " 

31. Ittu is singing. 

32. I am laughing. 

33. He is laughing. 

34. He is smiling. 

35. I am walking. 

36. He is walking. 

37. Ittu is running. 

38. The bird is flying. 

39. Jttu's knife is bad. 

40. I am cold. 

41. He will become cold. 

42. I am getting warm. 

43. He will become warm. 

44. It is cold ! 

45. It is hot! 

46. It is dark! 

47. It will become cold to- 

morrow. 

48. If it is cold to-morrow I 

shall not go. 

49. A stone sinks in the 

water. 

50. Who is that (man) ? 

51. Lie down (to a dog) ! 

52. Lie low! pi. 

53. Go away ! 

54. Go home! pi. 

55. Go home! (to tho tent). 
58. Come! 

57. Let him come! 

58. You darken (the window). 

59. ne went in, entered. 
CO. Did he enter? 



kak-tufl-a. 

kak-si-ruil-a. 

kak-si-nl-a/k-tun-a. 

kak-tu-tin. 

kak-sl-ru-lin. 

kak-sl-m-a'k-tu-tin. 

kak-tu-se. 

kak-si-ru-se. 

kak-sTn-i-a'k-tu-se. 

kak-to. 

kak-.-I-ro. 

kak-sin-I-a'k-to. 

kak-tu-an. 

kak-sl-ru-au. 

kak-si-ni-a'k-tu-an. 

ku-i-ja'k-tuii-a. 

ku-i-juk-tu'n-S-rftn-a. 

ku-i-jak-tu-nl-a'k-tun-a. 

kui-ja'k-to. 

ok-lia'k-tun-a. 

6k-ha'k-tun-er-uh-a. 

ok-ha'k-tu-ni-a'k-tufi-a. 

ok-hak-tnfl-5-ru-tIn. 

ok-ka'k-to. 

I't-tu ok-ha'k-to. 

a-to'k-tun-ii. 

a-tok-t uii-e-rnii-a. 

a-tok : tu-ni-a'k-tuii-a. 

a-tok tufl-e-ru-tin. 

a-to'k-to. 

a-to'k to I't-tu. 

Ig-lii'k-tufi-3.. 

Ig-Ki'k-to. 

ku-mu-yuk-tu-ii. 

pi-so-a'k-tun-a. 

pi-so-a'k-to. 

I't-tu ak-pauk-tu-a. 

tlTi-mia Iz-i-ku'l-ye-ru-S. 

I't-tub sa-vik a-si-ru-a. 

a-la-pak-tuii-a'., ki-yln-S'k-tun-a, 

a-la-pak-si-ni-a'k-to. 

u-na'k-si-iuu-a. 

u-nak-si-m-S/k-to. 

ki-yln-ak-pa-si'l-ya ! 

u-nak-pa-si'1-ya !' 

ta-pa-sl'1-ya! 

u-bla-xo al-a-pak- sin-I-a'k-to. 

u-bla-xo al-a-pak-pfit, aud-lan- 

I-un-i't-yun-a. 
uj-ya-run ki'm-me-ro i-mft'-mi. 

kin-aii-na? 3 

a-ko-wi'd'-li. 4 

a-ko-wi't-yo ! 

a-wu'n-a-rin (S.), awufi-a-rl't- 

u ye (P.). 

Jg-lu-mun-i't-ye ! 

tu-pCTi-mun-I't-ye ! 

kai(n) (S.), kai't-ye (P.). 

kai-li. 

ta'k4u-tln. 

is-1'u-C-ro. 

is-I'2-a-ba? 



English. 



Eskimo. 



Intransitive verbs, <£c. — Continued. 



I did not enter. 
Shall I came in? 
Come in! 
Shall I come ? 
What shall I (do) ? 
What do you (want) ? 
Where are you going ? 



I am not going (any) 

where. 
1 am going home. 
When will you go south ? 
To-morrow I will go cast. 

2. Whither will ye go? 

3. When it becomes good or 
gets well. 

4. It will become good. • 

5. - — will bo plenty. 

6. If or when shall bo 

plenty. 

7. When was plentv. 

8. I forget. 

9. Yon forget. 
0. I forgot completely. 

81. They will come, be here. 

82. They will not come. 

83. I am going to stay. 

84. Ithasgoneout (pipe, &c). 

85. They dive (ducks). 

86. They come up (ducks). 

87. There will be a dance. 

88. Dance! 

89. I am drunk. 

90. I cut. 

91. I sew. 

92. I've hurt my shin. 

93. I hit my nose, make it 

bleed. 

94. I bump my head. 

95. I bump ray forehead. 

96. I hurt my'knee. 

97. I crack my crazy-bone. 

98. My foot's asleep. 

99. He falls in tho snow. 

100. Ho falls backwards. 

101. He falls sidewavs. 

102. He falls forward. 

103. Ho falls into tho water. 

104. Ho falls by slipping on his 

heels. 

105. He falls by slipping on his 

toes. 

106. He almost falls by slip- 

ping on his heels. 

107. He shoots at a target, 

108. He (the deer) has no | 

antlers. 

109. What are you laughing 

at? 

110. You strut with your el- 

bows out. 

111. It is bad. 

112. It is very bad. 

113. It is done with , over. 

114. I want. 

115. 1 want my jacket. 

116. I want some water. 

117. Iwanta chew (of tobacco). 

118. He puts on his boots. 

119. He puts on his jacket. 

120. Ho puts on his mittens. 

121. Ho puts on his breeches. 

122. Wakoup! 

123. Give mo a light! I want 

to smoke. 

124. Whero have you been to? 

125. How long will yon be? 

(on a journey). 

126. Is it far? ■ 

127. Is it near? 

128. It has sunk, fallen under 

(water). 

129. no (tho bird) has flown. 

130. Your shoe-string is 

broken. 



ls-iu-ai't-yuii-a. 

i's-uk-liin-a ! 

is-a-ii'n-(go)! 

kai'-ltin-a ! 

cu-hm-a ? 

cii-ru-tin ! 

su-nia'k-pin (3.), su-m-a'k-pl- 

s6 (P.)? 
su-ni-uii-i't-yiur-a. 

lg-lumun-ai-nia'k-tun-a. 
ka-ko-go paun-a-nia'k-pi? 
u-bhi-xnn-go ka-wuii-a-ni-a'k- 

ttm-a. 
cii-mun rl-ip-si al-uk-ta-ni-a'k- 

pi-si ? 
na-kuo-si'k-piit. 

na-kuo-slu-i-a'k-to. 
a-ma-d.a-ni-a'k-to. 
a-ma-drak-ptit. 

a-ma-dran-mut. 

wft'ii-a pu-i'-gu-a. 

i'1-u-it jm-i-gi. 

pu-i-gak-slm-er-u'u-a. 

pin-T-A'k-tun. 

pin-i-uii-i't-tuu. 

a-kiit-piu-ia'k-tuii-a. 

kam-iv-wau-na. 

a'g-luk-tu-an. 

kii'k-i myu-an. 

u-a mi-ni-a'k-to. 

u-o'-ndtin (S.),u-o'-mit-ye(P.). 

lun-a'k-tufi-a. 

wu'ii-ii pi-luk-a. 

wu'ii-ii ki-le-a. 

kiu-a-diak-tufi-ii. 

pu-si-kak-tnu-S. 

a-pi'ik-tnli a. 

ka-ti-run-a. 

sit-ko-uk-tun-a. 

It-kut-si-ak-tuii-a. 

ka-kil-i-sak-si-ruii-a. 5 

na-kok-to. 

ni-weak-to. 

In-na'k-to. 

pu-tu-kl'tto, pa-sak-to. 

i-rmik-to. 

ko-ai-ja-ke't-yu-a, 

koai-jau-na'k-tu-a. 

ko-ai-ja-ket-kai-ak-to. 

nCk-sa-iak-tu-a. 

nug-e-ru-i't-yo. 

cu-bi Ig-lii'k-pi ? 

an-u-tau-kwak-tu-tiu. 6 

pi-lu'k-tu-a. 

l>i-lu-pi'k-sua, 

pi-yu'k-so. Interrog. pi-yu'k- 

pa? 
wun-a pi-sii-kl-ga. 
a-ti'-gl-luii-a. 
i'-mfik-lfiu-a, 
wi'-lak-sum-nin. 
kflra-mik-ta'fc-to. 
a-ti-gl-ro. 
ait-kfit-l-rd. 
ka'k-a-lik-so. 
it-ug-S-ca! 
I'g-nyuh-min ! ku-kug-lufi-S. 

cu-mun kid-li-in-a-bwi ! 
kap-si-niksi-nik-ta-lu-tiu ! 

u-ma-si'k-]ia .' 
kai-ni't-pa ! 
ka-tuli-si-me-ro la-su'm-nili. 

tSil-ik-sI'm-er-o. 

sin-vu'k-su-tln. 



1 Household, party, &c. 

2 "Ku-ni-ii,' jargon for woman. Danish 

3 =ki-na una ? 



* Third person siusular. 
r ' "I become niiinb." 
e Cf. Eli-u-ta-o, breast-tin. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



59 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED AMONG THE ESKIMOS, $c— Continued. 



English. 


Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 




Intransitive verbs, die — Continued. 


Intrasitivc verbs 


<£c. — Continued. 




131. Tie your shoe-strings ! 


siii-yer-i'n! 


214. I have gone. 


a-luk-tuk-sl'-me-rvm-a, 




132. I have no shoe-strings. 


sifi-jl'k-tufi-a. 


215. I shall go. 


a-luk-ta-ni-a'k-tuii-a. 




133. He weighs. 


u-ko-mai-si-lak-to. 


216. I did not go. 


a-luk-tiin-ait-yuii-ii. 




134. Take one ! (one of two). 


ai-pa pi'k-sa-rifi ! 


217. I do not know. 


nel-u-ru'n-ii. 




135. Got out of the way ! 


ka-ki-di-li-a'k-si-ga ' 


218. I do not know it. 


wu'fi-a nel-u-ga-ga, 




136. He sits down. 


ot-tu-ii. 


219. You did not know. 


i'1-ult nel-u-gi, nf;l-u-i'. 




137. Ho is angry. 


sa-perg-nii'k-to, sa-perg-sak-to. 


220. I hear. 


tu-sa-run-a. 




138. He is raving. 


u-nri-nak-to. Inter, u-ml-na'k- 


221. I heard. 


wu'n-ii tu-srt-ga-ga. 






pa. 


222. You heard. 


I'l-u-it tu-sa-gi. 




139. They are copulating. 


ku-yu'k-tu-an. 


223. I saw. 


wii'n-a tau-tu'k-ki-ga. 




140. I come. 


kai'-ruii-a. 


224. I do not see. 


tau-tun-ait-yiui-a. 




141. Thou Gomeat. 


kal-ru-tln. 


225. I did not see. 


tau-tiift-ai't-klt-ka. 




142. Ho comes. 


kai'-ro. 


226. Did you see ? 


tau-tii'k-pi-u? 




143. We come. 


kai-ru-xim. 


227. Did yo see? 


tau-tfi'k-pi-u-sS? 




144. Yo come. 


kai-ru-se. 


228. I killed. 


wu'n-ii tu-ku't-ki-ga. 




145. They come. 


kai-ru-iin. 


229. Thou killedst. 


I'l-u-it tu-kut-k-ki. 




14G. I came. 


kai-me-run-ii. 


230. He killed. 


tu-kii't-ka. 




147. Thou earnest. 


kai-mS-ru-tiu. 


231. 1 die, am dead. 


tu-ku-rii'ft-ii. 




148. He came. 


kai-me-ro. 


232. I am not dead. 


tu-kuftail-y uu-ii. 




14!). We came. 


kai'-mf'-ru-xuu. 


233. Kakaguna nearly died. 


nu-na-ml-si-nlk-kai-ak-to 


Ha- 


150. Ye came. 


kai-me-ruso. 




ka-gu-na. 




151. They came. 


kai-me-ru-iin. 


234. It is spoiled. 


pi-luk-si'm-e-ro. 




152. I shall come. 


kai-ni-a'k-tVuj-a. 








153. Thou wilt come. 


kai-ni -a'k-tu-tin. 








154. He will come. 


kai-m a'k-to. 








155. We two will como. 


kai-ni-a/k-tu-xu. 


Adjectives and participles. 




15G. You two will come. 
157. They two will come. 


kai-nT-a'k-tu-xim. 
kai-ni-fi'k-tu-xu. 














158. AVe shall come. 


kai-m-a'k-tu-xun. 


1. Thick. 


si-li'k-tn-ii. 




159. Ye will come. 


kai-ni-fi'k-tu-sc. 


2. Thin, slender. 


a-mi't-yu-a. 




100. They will come. 


kai-ni a'k-tun. 


3. Square. 


St-kau-ra. 




161. If, when, &c., ho shall 


kai'-put. 1 


4. Kound. 


kai-u'k-su-ii . 




come. 




5. New, young. 


nu-ta. 




162. Whenorhecansehecame. 


kaiii-nrut. 2 


6. Old. 


ii-tu-ka. 




163. I came not. 


kain-ait-yuii-ii. 


7. Near. 


kai-m't-yu-ri. 




164. Thou earnest not. 


kaiti-ait-tu-tin. 


8. Ear. 


u-ma-zi'k-su. 




165. He came not. 


kaifi-ait-yo. 


9. Good. 


na-kii-ruk. 




166. Ye came not. 


kaifi-ait-yu-sG. 


10. Bad. 


a-si'-riik. 




167. I shall not come. 


kai-ni-uu-I't-yun-a. 


11. Heavy. 


u-ko-mait-yua. 




168. Wilt thou come? 


kai-ni-a'k-pi? 


12. Light. 


o-t.-j- 1 j"u ; 




169. Will he come 1 


kai-m-iVk-pa ? 


13. Clean. 


lp-ki't-yii. 




170. Will yo come? 


kai-ni-a' k-pi-so 'I 


14. Strong. 


sn'ii-i-ru-a, cu-.a'u-I-ru-ii. 




171. I eat,' 


ne'x-S-riiii-ii, 


15. Killed. 


tu-ku't-kii. 




172. Thou eatest. 


n6'x-e-ru-tiu. 


16. Landed, on top. 


ka-ki't-kii. 




173. He eats. 


nc'x-F-ru-a. 


17. Erozen. 


ki-kl't-kii. 




174. Ye eat. 


ne'x-e-ru-so. 


18. Lost. 


ta-mu'k-tii. 




175. They eat. 


ne'x-e-m-an. 


19. Big. 


aii-o-ru, -a. 




176. I sleep. 


si-ni'k-tufl-a. 


20. Little. 


mi'k-I-ru-a. 




177. Thou sleepest. 


si-nl'k-tu-tiu. 


21. Long. 


tu'k-i-ru-a. 




178. He sleeps. 


si-nl'k-tu-a. 


22. Short. 


nait-yu-a. 




179. Wo two sleep. 


si-ni'k-tu-ii'n-ui. 


23. Elongated in shape, hut 


tuk-i-tl'g-I-ru-a. 




ISO. They two sleep. 


si-nl'k-tu-iiD. 


short. 






181. -Wo sleep. 


si-ni'k-tu-n'ti-ni. 


24. Pretty long. 


tuk-t-f ;il-o-a'k-to. 




1S2. Ye sleep. 


si-ni'k-tu-se. 


25. Cold.' 


al-a-na, 




183. They sleep. 


si-ni'k-tu-uu, si-ni'k-tun. 


26. Hot. 


u-na'k-tu-a. 




181. I shall sleep. 


si-nin-nia'k-tuii-a. 


27. Eull. 


si-la-wl't-tu. 




185. When, hecause, he slept. 


Si-ni'g-mftt. ' 


28. Broken. 


na-wi't-kii. 




186. I do not sleep. 


si-niu-i't-yhuii. 


29. Returned, brought back. 


kai-li-wiii-i't-la. 




187. I shall not sleep. 


si-nm-nl-uii-i't-yuii-a. 


30. For sale. 


a-kl-tcu.(k), a-ki-ta. 




188. Are you asleep '! 


si-ni'k-pi? 


31. Netted. 


na-pi't-to. 




189. Is he asleep? 


si-ni'k-pa ". 


32. Blown away. 


tm-i't-ka. 




190. I am scared. 


ku-ga-hik-tuii-a. 


33. Inside-out. 


ud-li-lu-go. 




191 . Thou art scared. 


ku-ga-luk-tu-tiu. 


3). Fast. 


cu-kai-ro. 




192. Ilo is scared. 


ku-ga-luk-tuii. 


35. Hard. 


ait-yu-i't-yu-a, si's-i-ru-5. 




193. Ye are scared. 


ku-ga-luk-tu-sc. 


36. Slow. 


cn-kait-to. 




194. I am not scared. 


ku-ga-lufi-ait-yufi-S. 


37. Soft. 


a-kl't-yu-ii. 




195. Art thou scared ' 
190. Is he scared ? 


ku-ga-luk-pi '. 
ku-ga-luk-pa ! 














1 97. Are yo scared ? 


ku-ga-liik-pi-se. 








198. IIio'(tella— ). 


tciik-a-lu-ru'ii-a. 


Advt 


rbs. 




199. Thouliest. 

200. Holies. 


tcuk-a-lu-ru-tin. 
tcuk-a-lu-ru-a. 














201. Ye lie. 


tciik-a-lu-ru-sc. 


1. Not. 


pi'-djiik, pi'-crtk, pi-teo, pi 


l-la, 


202. They lie. 


tcuk-a-lt'itu-ru-a, 




pi'la 




203. When, hecause, he lied. 


tcu/k-a-lo-mut. 2 


2. Up. 


pfm-ma. 




204. I do not lie. 


tcuk-a-lo- wi' t-y fi fi-a. 


3. Upwards. 


puii-ruiYii-ii. 




205. I steal. 


tig-a-li'k-tmiii. 


4. Down. 


su'rn-tna 




200. Thou stealest. 


tig-a-li'k-tu-iin. 


5. Downwards. 


suai-mu'n a, 




207. He steals. 


tig-a-li'k-tu-ii. 


6. Underneath. 


ta-su/m-mii. 




208. Ye steal. 


tig-a-li'k-tu-se. 


7. Yonder. 


Jta-ma (in sight), 
/rai'ii-a (ont of sight) . 




209. Thev steal. 


tig-a-11'k-tu-iin. 




210. I will not steal. 


tig-a-Hk-ni-ufi-Vk-tiiii-a, 


8. Indoors. 


tat-ka-mii. 




211. I go, 


a-) uk-tuk-tu' ft -a. 


9. This way ! 


tamatiu-a-lu. 




212. He soes. 


a-liik-tak-tri. 


10. Thus. 


tai-ma-na. 




213. I went, 


a-liik-ta-me-i una. 


11. Here, in the house. 


ta-ina-nl ig-lu-ml. 










.:• , , ,_ 






'Future subjunctive. 



2 Past subjunctive. 



60 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



VOCABULARY COLLECTED FROM THE ESKIMOS, #c— Continned. 



English. Eskimo. 


English. 


Eskimo. 


Interjections. 


Conjunctions. 


1. Yes, here, take it, come 

(to a dog). 

2. No. 

3. Where's? 

4. Come on ! 

5. Get out ! Go on ! 
C. Stop! Stay! 

7. Hark ! 

8. Get on! 

9. Come! 

10. Encore! 

11. Bless me! (surpriso, &c). 
. 12. Holloa ! 

13. What? 

14. Indeed, alas ! 

15. Don't know ! 

16. Don't know, perhaps ? 

17. Make haste ! 
, 18. Oh! 


aii ! 

na-ga. 

nau, nau mi, nau 

I'm-na ? 
ke'-tai i 1 
a-tai ! a-tai-ja. 
a-kun! a-ku-j;i. 
a-tu. 

ku! ku" 
tii'l-la" 
ki, ki! 
a'k-qla! 
kvvau ! 
ca! eii-a! 
nai't-mi. 3 
ai-tcu. 4 

a-ki-a! a-ka-n6. 4 
kel-i'm-a ! 
a-na-na. 6 


1. And, also (enclitic). 

2. More, again (enclitic). 

3. Thus, then, so. 

4. Only. 


— lu, — lu ; — mi'g-lu, — mi'g-lu. 

— su-li. 

a-sl 

kI-si'm-5. 


Prepositions (enclitic.) 


1. In, on, with. 

2. To, for (motion, purpose.) 


— mi, -hi. 6 
— mun, nun. 7 


Intensivi, diminutive, die, terminations. 


1. Big. 

2. Very. 

3. Little. 

4. Bad. 

5. Terminations of empha- C 

sis. ) 


— puk, — pun. 8 

— pai-ya. 9 

— pa-lu, — ka-lu. 10 

— pi-lu. 

—go. 11 

— a-mi. 11 



1 Erench, "allons." 

2 Driving and leading dogs. 

3 With a negative idea frequently. 

4 Exclamation of ignorance or possibility. 
6 Cry of pain. 

'Example, si-k6-mi, "on the ice." 

'Example, ig-lu-mun, "to the house i" na-nu-rnun, "forbears. 1 



"Example, u-im-ak-puk, "ship." Ku-puB, " Great river." 
'Example, na-kur-pai-ya ! "It is very good." 
'"Caressing, example, " ki'm-mi-pa-lu ! " " Dear little puppy !" 
"One or both appended to a word for emphasis, "kapsin- 
goami?" "How many, pray? " " Amadraktungo," " Very 
many, indeed." 



IV. 

CATALOGUE OF ETHNOLOGICAL SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY THE POINT BARROW 

EXPEDITION. 

Prepared by JonN Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, V. S. Army. 

[Arranged according to the plan given in Prof. Otis T. Mason's "Ethnological Directions Relative to the Indian Tribes of the United 

States." The collection is in the United States National Maseum.] 



III.— CULTURE. 

(1) Food or aliment in general. 
0. Narcotics. 

Tobacco (tan-wak, "U-bd"). — One specimen. Prepared for smoking — cut up and mixed with 
willow bark. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



89803 



E. Drugs, &c. 
Medicine. — One specimen. Apparently earth from the cemetery — administered internally.( 



Collectors' number. 
M"aseum number... 



202 
50723 



(3) Vessels and other utensils oe household use. 
A. For holding and carrying icater^food,.&c. 
Meat bowl (pi't-tun-o). — Four specimens. Large round bowl, carved from one block. 





408 
73570 


1321 
89865 


1322 | 1320 
89804 | 89603 

1 







Wooden bucket (ku-tdu-a). — Three specimens. With ivory "ears" for attaching handle of 
wire, thong, &c. Used for water, &c. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . . . 



309 

56703 



370 1753 
50704 89890 



Bucket "ear." — One specimen. Made of ivory, for attaching the handle. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



880 
83448 



Wooden tub (U-u-U'Jc-pim). — One specimen. Made of bent wood. 



Collectors' number 
Museum numher. . . 



3735 
89891 



CI 



62 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 



B. For serving and eating food, &c. 

Stone vessel (nt-l-u zin). — Four specimens. Broken oblong vessels of soapstone, obsolete, 
and superseded by iron or tin pots, which are called by the same name. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



680 
8988G 



1059 j 1C96 1097 
89885 ! 89886 j 89883 



Pottery. — Three specimens. Pieces of a pot said to be made of clay, feathers, and blood, and 
baked. Obsolete. 



Collectors' Dumber. 
Museum number.. - 



1589 
89697 



c. 

Meat tray (i-li-M-a, im-o-si-a'ru). — Five specimens. Shallow tray, made of one piece of wood 
for carrying and holding food. 



Collectors' numbers ! 223 j 392 

Museum numbers 73575 7357U 



1323 I 1376 ! 1377 
89867 I 89866 89868 



WhalebOne cup. — Six specimens. Cups and dippers of various sizes, made by bending* a 
strip of whalebone round a wooden bottom. 



1 1 

Collectors' numbers 051 1199 

Museum numbers , 56560- 89850 


1 
1300 1 1301 
89851 ; 89852 

1 


1302 1303 
89853 89S54 



Ivory fork. — One specimen. Small and two-pronged. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



325 
56731 



Stone maul, (kaii-tu). — Twenty eight specimens. Head, a cylinder of stone, generally massive 
pectolite ; when hafted, lashed to a wooden or bone handle with thong. 



Collectors' numbers - . . 


83 
56034 


112 
56651 


118 
56033 


131 

(?) 


132 

56667 


161 

56639 


196 
56637 


Collectors' numbers ... 
Museum numbers 


205 
56058 


200 
50030 


213 
56653 


217 
56632 


218 

5G655 


22 L 
5665G 


222 
56631 


Collectors' numbers ... 


22 
56030 


243 

50035 


245 
5G654 


261 
56629 


809 
89664 


877 
S9657 


906 

89654 


Collectors' numbers 


1003 
89007 


1103 

89608 


1126 
S9065 


1179 
89669 


1181 

89656 


1241 
89655 


1727 

89666 



Bone maul (Jcau-tu). — Five specimens. Head, oblong piece of hard bone, secured by lashings 
on the end of a short haft. 



Collectors' uumbors 


1045 

89848 


1040 
89847 


1047 1 1048 ' 1049 
89849 1 89846 ! 89845 







Wooden spoon. — One specimen. Large spoon, or ladle, neatly carved from soft wood. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



1352 

89739 



Bone dipper (Jcil-t-yu-tu). — Seven specimens. Ublong shallow dipper, or ladle, for water, &c. 



Collectors' uumbors 774] 934 

Museum numbers I 89739 j 69413 

I I 



1013 
89414 



1070 I 1102 
69415 I 89412 



1294 1397 
89111 69416 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



G3 



Ivory dippers (i-mo-syu, M-lig-pti, kiltg-icu'g-a-ro). — Three specimens. Large dipper, with 
handle, made of erne piece of fossil ivory. One from each village, Nnwuk, Utkiavwifi, and Sidaru. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers... 



371 

06535 



933 

89833 



1259 
69880 



horn. 



Water dipper (im-o-syu). — Three specimens. Made of a single piece of mountain-sheep 



Collectors' numbers ! 28 

Museum numbers ! 5'>534 



1293 i 1577 

£9831 89832 



Pipe (ku-i'n-ya). — Eleven specimens. Wooden stem, with metal, bone, ivory, or stone howl, 
for smoking tobacco, sometimes mixed with willow bark. 



Collectors' numbers 


10 
50737 

954 

89285 


'170 
50G52 

1129 
89287 


705 
89288 

1385 
89284 


834 
89291 

1582 
89289 


864 
89290 

1752 
89292 


1 
915 I 
S928G 

\ 

1 


Collectors' numbers 





1 Unfinsheu stone bowl. 



Pipe-case. — One specimen. Long pouch of white ermine skins for holding tobacco-pipe. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



55 
50744 



Tobacco-pouch. — Three specimens. Made of deer-skin trimmed with fur and worsted. 





889 
89S03 


[ I 
1341 1 1350 




898U4 ' 89805 




! I 



Tobacco-box of antler. — One specimen. Carved into the shape of a sleeping reindeer. 







-! 






50512 


1. 



D. Ornamental and miscellaneous. 

Lamp {lc6-dlo). — Six specimens. Shallow dish of soapstone or sandstone, nearly half-moon 
shaped, for burning oil, with a wick of moss. Large for house use ; small for traveling. 



Collectors' numbers ' 133 872 | 1208 

Museum numbers : 50673 i 89879 | 89SR4 



1209 
69881 



1298 I 1731 
89882 : 89880 



Holder for lamp blubber-stick. — One specimen. Bade wooden effigy of a human head 
and body, made to fasten upon the wall over the lamp, with a hole in the middle, in which can bo 
stuck the pointed stick for holding the lump of blubber to feed the flame. 





1 

1 108 




i 56492 


' 1 



(4) Clothing. 
* A. Raw material. 
Hare-skins. — Five specimens. Native dressed skins — raw material for clothes. 



Collectors' uumbers 
Museum number 




64 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



0. Suits of clothing. 
Toy clothes.— One specimen. Models of Eskimo garments. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



907 



Dolls. — Pour specimens. — Paces, heads, and whole men and women, made of wood and dressed. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers. . . 



1123 
89724 



1138 
89727 



1304 
89728 



1358 
89726 



D. Head clothing. 
Wooden mask (ki'-nau). — Fourteen specimens. Worn in ceremonial dances. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers .. 


6 

56499 


73 
56498 


235 

56497 


258 

56496 


702 
89810 


773 
89809 


856 

89817 


Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . 


1037 
89811 


1050 
89815 


1056 
89814 


1057 
£0819 


1063 
89812 


1074 
89813 


1583 
89816 



Dancing cap (M'b-ru). — One specimen. Conical skin cap trimmed with rows of teeth of the 
mountain sheep. Worn in ceremonial dances. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . . 



863 
89820 



E. Body clothing. 

Man's jacket (a-U'-ge). — Three specimens. Hooded frock of fur, worn with the hair out 
(called "parka" in those parts of Alaska occupied by the Bussians). 



Specimens. 



Ermine skins 

Mountain- sheep skins . 
Deerskin 



Collectors' 
numbers. 



11 

87 
184 



Museum 
numbers. 



56757 
5675,3 
56791 



Man's cloak. — One specimen. "Circular" cloak of deer-skin, worn as an outside wrap. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



94 
56760 



P. Arm clothing. 
Gloves (d-dri-gud-ri'ri). — Two specimens. Made of deer-skin — hair in. 





128 

56747 


974 
89829 







Mittens (ai't-lctXt-i). — One specimen. Made of deer-skin. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



973 

89828 



G. Leg and foot clothing. 

Man's fur boots (ku'm-inun). — Pour specimens. Boots reaching to the knee, made of some 
short-haired skin; hair out; soles of white-dressed seal-skin. 





91 
56759 


110 
56749 


111 

56750 


770 

89834 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIIEOW, ALASKA. 
Toy boots — One specimen. Made of seal-skin, in miniature. 



65 



Collectors' Dumber. 
Museum uuinber. . . 



1724 

80555 



Man's BREECHES (ka'Jc-a-hx). — One specimen. Knee breeches of fur, generally deer-skin ; worn 
fur out or in. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



91 

5C759 



Woman's trousers (fm'm-mun). — One specimen. Tight-fitting trousers, ending in shoes with 
seal-skin soles; made of short-haired skin. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



136 
56748 



H. Parts of dress. 
Eagles' feathers. — One specimen. Worn in bunches as ornaments to the fur jacket. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



1150 
89529 



Belt-buckle. — One specimen. Oblong piece of ivory, perforated with a large hole. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1055 
89718 



Man's belt (tdp-si). — Two specimens. Neatly woven of feather-shafts, black and white, in a 
regular pattern, and bound with leather. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . 



1419 
89544 



1420 
89543 



Woman's belt (tdp-si). — One specimen. Made of pieces of skin of wolverines' toes, with claws, 
sewed together. Eashionable and highly prized. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1421 
89542 



• - (5) Personal adornments. 

A. SJtin ornamentation. 

Labret lancet — Two specimens. Little slate blade, shaped like a lance-head, for cutting the 
holes for the labrets ; sometimes put up in a little wooden case. 





1153 
8972 1 


1200 




89579 




1 



B. Head ornaments. 
Ear-rings (no-rjo-lo). — Two specimens. Ivory hooks to fit into the holes in the ears. 



Collectors' number- 
Museum numbers. . 



'1340 
89386 
89387 



H. Ex. 44- 



1 Two pairs. 



66 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



Labrets (tii-tti). — Sixteen specimens. Stone, ivory, or bone studs, worn by men in the cor- 
ners of the mouth. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


'197 
| 56716 


866 
89705 

1169 

89712 


1031 

89717 

1187 
89710 


1042 
89710 

1207 

89713 


1142 

89711 

1210 
89714 


1163 

89706 

2 1215 
( 89707 
< 89708 
(89709 


1166 

89719 

1713 








1 

1 



1 Pair. 



2 Three specimens. 



Labret plugs. — Two specimens. Small pings for enlarging and keeping open the labrct- 
holes when iirst made ; bone or ivory. 



Collectors' number . 
Museum number . - . 



'1211 
89715 



1 Two specimens. 

E. Ornaments of the limbs. 

Bracelets. — One specimen. Leather thong sewed into a ring and ornamented with a bead 
of soapstone. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number ... 



'1355 



' Pair. 

F. Toilet articles. 

Ivory hair-comb (id-lai-u-tm). — Ten specimens. Small, with a hole at the top for the fore- 
finger. 



1 












174 
56568 


'182 
5C566 


183 
53567 


'194 

56569 




210 
56572 


238 

56576 


1006 
89785 


1242 
89385 


. 





1 Two specimens. 



O. Other personal ornaments. 
Amber beabs (aii-mu). One specimen. Made by natives. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1718 

S<9700 , 



Dentalium shells (inVt-tu). — Five specimens. Used for ornaments. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



1357 
89530 



(G) Implements of general use, of war anb the chase, anb of special crafts. 

(I) FOR GENERAL USE. 

Iron knife (sd-vlk). — Seven specimens. Straight knives, of various shapes and sizes, with 
wood, bone, or ivory hafts, used by the men. 



Collectors' numbers 810 

Museum numbers 89295 


901 
89294 


970 
89296 


1056 
89821 


1125 ! 1162 ! 1230 1 
89297 89298 j 89293 ' 

' 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEItOW, ALASKA. 



67 



Knife-blade.— Twenty-four specimens. Made of slate, ground, sometimes fastened by lash- 



ings to a wooden haft. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . . 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers .. 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers.. 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers.. 



1C8 
50693 


220 

56712 


228 
56684 


36/ 
56719 


770 
89601 


874 
89694 


984 

89590 


1002 
89592 


1009 
89603 


1011 
89581 


1016 

89584 


1035 
89G09 


1052 
89597 


1053 
89594 


1054 
89589 


ioeo 

89593 


1061 

S9597 


1107 
89591 


1108 

89588 


1180 
89582 


1305 
89583 


1587 
89587 


1710 

89585 


1714 
89G0S 



Whalebone-bladed knife. — One specimen. Ancient knife, made of a hit of antler, with a 
deep groove cut in it, into which a piece of whalebone is let for a blade, said to have been used for 
cutting fat. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1422 
89477 



Curved knife (sav-i-xr6n, ma'd-Uii). — Thirty specimens. Short curved steel or stone blade 
in bone or ivory handle — long, for working on wood (mi'd-lhl); short, for working on ivory, &c. 
(savixron). . 



Collectors' numbers j 145 

Museum numbers j 56016 



152 
56618 



Collectors' numbers I 882 

Museum numbers I 89276 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . 



1062 

89580 



289 
.-.055 1 



883 
80279 



1076 
89281 



Collectors' numbers ! 1196 j 1198 

Museum numbers ' 89633 j 89273 



Collectors' numbers ! 1235 

Museum numbers ! 89040 



1248 
S90.8 



787 
89278 j 

907 j 
89283 I 

1083 j 
89271 

1212 
89636 

1251 
89034 



818 
88274 



982 

89282 



1159 

89272 



1218 
89242 



1255 
89613 



827 
89632 



1001 iZ 
S9780 



1172 
89277 



1231 
89035 



1256 
89041 



802 

89280 



1061 
89586 



1183 



1234 
89639 



1297 
89644 



Whalebone knife (sd-vi-xu). — Ten specimens. Like a little spokeshave, blade of steel or 
stone, handle of bone or ivory, used for scraping whalebone. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . . 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers .. 



885 
S930S 



1225 
89652 



89305 



1226 
89647 



1077 1213 
89307 S9G49 



1236 
89648 



1237 
89615 



1219 
89650 



1238 
89040 



■Whalebone-scraper. 
bone, without a handle. 



-One specimen. Small oblong flint chipping, used for scraping wlinl 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1170 
89616 



Woman's knife (u-hi-ra). — Twenty-six specimens. Half-moon-shaped blade, of iron, flint, 
or slate, rarely jade, mounted like a ehopping-knife, in a handle of wood, bone, or ivory; used by 
the women for cutting everything. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers. - 

Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . 

Collectors.! numbers 
Museum numbers.. 



12 
56690 


14 
50646 


129 

56600 


191 
56672 


'871 
89693 


886 
89684 


894 
89681 


957 

89687 


958 

89682 


971 
S9679 


985 

89689 


1057 
89383 


1078 
89677 


1093 
89674 


1094 
89688 


1106 
89680 


1121 

89683 


1122 
S9686 


1170 
89675 


1178 
89692 




1291 
89384 


1311 

89690 


1300 
89691 


1584 
89678 


1585 


1586 
89676 





i Handle. 



63 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA, 



Adze' (ud-U-mau). — Eighteen specimens. Head, made of iron (sometimes a hatchet-head), bono 
with an iron or stoue blade let io. When hafted, lashed with thong to a short handle. 





244 
50642 

709 
89839 

964 

89874 


260 
56640 

785 
89872 

972 
89873 


286 
73573 

808 

89870 

1072 
89653 


309 
56638 

869 

89871 

1109 

89838 


696 

89876 

878 
89869 

1295 
89651 


752 
89877 

895 

89878 

1317 

89810 


Collectors' numbers 


Collectors 1 numbers 





Stone adze-blade 
green, partially ground. 



'ud-U-mau). — Twenty-three specimens. Made of jadeite, black or dark 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . - . 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



69 

50675 



214 

50628 



251 
56670 



1155 
89661 



70 
56678 



215 
5C667 



261 
56696 



1184 
89660 



71 

50685 



219 

50609 



792 
89059 



1362 
89671 



125 
56664 



246 
5G670 



900 
89602 



1363 
89072 



130 
56666 



247 
56688 



931 
89603 



1423 
89673 



185 



248 
56074 



1092 
8CG70 



Bone adze-handle. — One specimen. 



Collectors' number- 
Museum number. . . 



3 

56641 



Chisel (MFi-mi-sd). — Nine specimens. 
on antler. 



Short square blade wedged in ivory handle for working 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers. .. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers. .. 



884 

89302 



1115 

89303 



1000 
89301 



1257 
89637 



1028 
89300 



1290 
89653 



1039 
89299 



1292 
89308 



1040 
89304 



Saw (u-lu-a'Tc-turi). — One specimen. Made by filing teeth on the edge of a common case-knife. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



15 

5G559 



Bone saw (u-lu-a'lc-tun).— One specimen. Made of a reindeer's scapula (Ici'asia). Newly 
made on the ancient pattern. 



Collectors' number . 
Museum number . . . 



1200 
89470 



Hammer. — One specimen. An oblong green pebble (kau'-d'lo) has been used as a hammer 
without a handle. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



274 
56661 



Flint hand-drill (i'-taun, i-tug-cl-sail). — Four specimens. Long chipped flint mounted in a 
wooden shaft, for boring out whale-harpoon heads. 



Collectors' numbers 


870 
89020 


912 

89628 


937 
89627 


1068 
89630 


i Museum numbers 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



69 



Bow-drill (ni-fflJc-ttm).— Fifteen specimens. Drill of steel or bone, mounted in a wooden 
shaft. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


819 
89497 

968 
89499 


'836 
C 89501 

< 89493 
( 89194 

2 1004a 

< 89779 
I 89778 


853 
{ 8949C 

1174 
| 8951G 


875 
89495 

1182 
89520 


950 
89498 

1258 
89519 


960 
89G29 

3 1217 
89625 


Collectors' numbers 





1 Three specimens. 



2 Tv.'o specimens. 



s "Without shaft. 



Drill-bow (pi-zVk-su-a).— Sixteen specimens. Flat bow of ivory or bone, often carved or 
engraved, with a string of rawhide. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . . 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . .. 



72 


298 




'836 


'861 




914 


920 


56518 


56500 


f 


89512 
89514 


89513 
89515 


I 


89509 


89516 


941 


950 




'901 


ioo4d 




1260 


'1732 


89517 


89508 


\ 


89510 
89511 


I 89777 




89421 ! f 89422 
ayiil \\ 89425 

1 



1 Two specimens. 

Drill-mouthpiece (M'n-mi-a).— Seven specimens. Made of wood, to be held in the teeth with 
a socket of stone or metal let into it for the drill to work in. 



Collectors' numbers 


800 
69500 


870 
89504 


f91 

89503 


892 
89505 


908 
89507 


956 

8950G 


1001c 
89787 





Sheath for drill. — One specimen. Ivory scabbard with a loop on one side for fastening it 
by a thong to the handle of the drill. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number... 



1112 
89447 



Drill-cord handles.— One specimen. Small bones, used for handles to the drill-cord 
instead of a bow. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number. . . 



1022 
73571 



Whetstone (i'-pik-saun). — Ten specimens. Slender tapering rod of jadeite. 



Collector's numbers . 
Museum number 



186 


229 


393 


757 


801 


!837 


865 


951 


1262 


56682 


56663 


56602 


89621 


89G18 


5" 89019 
I 89624 


I 89620 


89022 


89617 



J Two specimens. 

Small whetstone. — Two specimens. Small oblong bit of stone (slate). 





'1004/ 
89786 








Three specimens. 


1 Two specimens. 

Broken. 






U728 




73572 







1 Three, specimens. 



Marlinspike (?) . — One specimu.e Slender rod of hard bone, with a point like a graver 
Perhaps a marlinspike for working lashings. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1282 
89459 



70 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tool-box. — Six specimens. Long narrow box hollowed ovtt of a single block, with cover 
fastened on by studs and strings. 



Collectors' numbers 1 1144 

Museum numbers 89858 


1151 
89SC1 


1152 1 1318 
898C0 89859 


1319 
S9858 


1593 

89862 



Tool-bag (t'k-citg'-bwvii). — Four specimens. Made of wolverine-skin or the heads of wolves 
and foxes, with an ivory handle [nix-o-mi'-a-btci). 



Collectors' numbers . 1004 ' 1018 


1118 
89796 


1309 
89795 


Museum numbers j 89776 1 89794 




1 



Bucket or bag handle (nix-o-mi'-a-bioi). — Three specimens. Arched bar of antler or ivory 
for carrying bucket or bag. 





43 
5C513 


996 

89423 


1111 




89420 






specimen. Made of leather. 




1075 




89798 







Bag (i-pi-d-ru). — One specimen. Made of a bear's stomach. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1329 

89799 



(2.) WEAPONS OE WAR AND THE CHASE. 

A. Striking. 

Hand-club (tl'g-a-lun). — One specimen. Short blunt-pointed piece of bone .'held in clenched 
hand for striking a blow. 





i 1310 




i ftiMn*? 





Slungshot (tu'b-lu-Jmn). — One specimen. Lamp of bone, with a loop of thong through it. 
Weapon (!). 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



905 : 
89472 



B. Tli row i uf/ iv capons. 

Handboard. — Three specimens. Narrow grooved board with hole for forefinger, for throwing 
javelins. 





528 


1325 

S9906 


1320 




S92-J4 


89902 



Knob of bird-sling (M-lau-i-taii-tm). — Five specimens. Oval or round knobs of ivory or 
deer's ankle bones, to be tied together with strings and make a "bolas'" for catching ducks. 





! 1'51 


'KM 2 
S9491 


•1.".18 






sntoo ■ 







'Two specimens. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIJEOW, ALASKA, 



71 



D. Thrusting. 
WHALE lance. — One specimen. Long shaft and large Hint Lead. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



537 
56765 



Beak lance (pu'n-nu). — One specimen. Stout lance, larger than deer lance (Jcu'-pun), with 
ctipped flint head. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1230 
89895 



Deer spear (M'p-un).— Six specimens. Spear about (J feet long, with metal or stone head 
for stabbing deer from the kaiak. 







524 
73183 


525 
89247 


{ 


'1157 

89898 
89S99 


'1324 
89896 






89897 




1 Two specimens. 











Head of whale lance (Ml-u-i'-a).— Eleven specimens. Chipped black flint, used for kill- 
in"' whales. 



Collectors' numbers 

Collector*' numbers 


5 

56C81 

M032 
S9596 


49 
56667 

1034 
89597 


209 
56095 


239 

56679 

1069 
89600 


394 

56680 

1361 

89598 


913 
56597 

1373 

89599 ■ 






1 



1 And part of shaft. 

Polished stone lance-head (i's-hl-nu). — One specimen. Beautiful head of polished jade 
for a deer lance. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1154 
89610 



Stone lance-head (dn-ma). — Seven specimens. Chipped flint, of two sizes, for deer and 
bear lances. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . 



'114 
56708 



648 
5S711 



1034 
89611 



1 Fire specimens. 

Bronze lance-head (M'p-un). — Two specimens. For deer lance. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



166 
56699 



Bird trident (nu-ya'k-pai). — Nine specimens. Light wooden shaft, with one, two, or three 
ivory prongs on the end, and usually three in the middle, darted at ducks, &c, with a hand board. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


63 
72794 


H06 

56587 


526 
89242 


527 
72830 


529 1 530 
72832 1 89243 


2 793 
89380 


1325 
89244 


1326 
89905 


1 Prongs 


only. 








2 Fragment of 1 


ead. 







Spear-head (nu-yd'k-puk, nut-kail).— Nine specimens. Long, barbed, ivory point for bird or 
fish javelin. 



Collectors' numbers 


13 

50588 


35 

56589 


103 
56586 


107 
56591 


122 
56590 


284 
5C592 


948 
89373 


1041 

89375 


1281 

89374 





72 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



"Whale habpoon [dj-yun). — One specimen. Eeduced model (size of a walrus harpoon) of a 
whale harpoon, complete, with pole, head, and short line for attaching floats. Made for sale. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1023 
89309 



Walbus habpoon, complete (il-naJc-pitlc). — Six specimens. Heavy harpoon, with short 
" loose-shaft" and detachable "toggle-head," for harpooning walrus from the boat. 





531 
5G7C7 


532 533 
5G768 58769 


534 
56770 


535 
56771 


536 
56772 





Thbowingspeab (nau-li-gu). — Two specimens. — Long shaft, with ivory ice-pick on one end 
and heavy knob on the other, fitted with a short "loose-shaft," head and line, for securing seals 
which have been shot in the water. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . . . 



1058 ! 1G93 
89908 ! 89907 



Seal speab {u-nu). — Two specimens. For stabbing seals at their breathing-holes. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



1 I 1694 

72833 89910 



Seal daets and thbowing-boabd (M-M-gtl). — Three specimens. Light ivory-headed darts, 
head detachable, and attached to shaft by short line so that shaft acts as a float. In sets of three, 
with a grooved hand-board for throwing them. 





60 

f 72792 
\ '89235 


322 

89248 
72793 


523 
( 72790 
< 89249 
( '89233 


Museum numbers 



' Board. 



Fobe-shaft of WHALE habpoon. — One specimen. Ivory, for connecting head with pole. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



97 
56537 J ' 



Habpoon fobe-shaft (tilcu-mdi-hi-ta). — Two specimens. Bone or ivory cap for end of pcle, 
with socket for "loose-shaft." 





1 1 

98 '105 I 




56538 56516 1 




1 1 



' For seal spear. 

"Loose-shaft" of seal speab (i'-gi-mu).— One specimen. Bone. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



802 
S9489 



Narwhal ivoby seal-spear shaft. — Three specimens. Three long "loose-shafts" {i'-gi-mu) 
for the stabbing seal spear (il-nu), made of twisted narwhal ivory. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



93 
73577 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 



73 



Head of whale harpoon (M-a-drwn) — Eleven specimens. Detachable head, with barb of 
ivory, and blade of metal, slate, or chipped flint. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers .. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Musenm numbers . . 



137 
50601 



92S 
89748 



157 
56602 



'867 
( 89751 
I 89752 
(89755 



969 3993 
89744 89754 



{ 89753 

•"1014 
C 89745 
\ 89747 



927 

S974G 



1065 
89749 



' Tbree barbs only. - One barb. 



1 Barb. '■ IVo specimens. 



Walrus-harpoon head (tu-lat). — Forty-four specimens. Detachable harpoon head, made of 
ivory and iron or brass, like seal harpoon but larger. 



Collectors' numbers. . . 


53 


'123 


2 192 


193 


199 


2 2U 


283 


Museum numbers 


56613 


5CG1C 


5G517 


56023 


56020 


50018 


50621 


Collectors' numbers. . . 


2 S73 

f 89771 

89774 


'940 

1 


943 


"947 


103S 


1149 


















Museum numbers 


1 897S8 
) 89789 
| 89791 
I 89793 


1 89760 
f 89769 


j 89790 


( 89750 
} 89759 


\ 89750 


89770 





'Ten specimens. 2 Two specimens. 3 Nine specimens. 4 Four specimens. 

Seal-spear head (nau-Jn). — Six specimens. Detachable harpoon head, made of ivory and 



steel. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . .. 



39 

56014 



56611 



'216 
56012 



1008 
89784 



1 Two specimens. 



Ivory seal-harpoon head (a'lc-qli- gulc). —Six specimens. Detachable barbed harpoon head, 
■wholly of ivory or bone. Ancient. 



1 1 i 1 

Collectors' numbers 760 766 ! 795 j 932 

Museum numbers 89372 1 S9377 ! 89379! 89381 

1 1 i 


1261 

89378 


1383 
89382 



Harpoon blades. — Twenty-five specimens. Triangular blades of ground slate, jadeite, or 
brass to be wedged into ivory barb. Different sizes for whales, &c. 





'139 
50709 

316 
56718 


'141 
50089 

775 
89607 


2 144 | 2 169 
56706 ! 56098 

'981 | 2 995 

89730 ' $ S%0i 
njiau j ^ S9605 

1 


2 188 
56097 

1418 
j 89023 


265 
56722 

1729 
89006 


Museum number 







1 Four specimens. 



2 Two specimens. 



Brass harpoon blade. — Two specimens. Triangular blade of brass for wedging into ivory 
barb. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .- 



'1146 
89740 



1 Two unfinished. 



Box for harpoon blades (ud-lun). — Twelve specimens. Wooden bos, with cover attached 
by strings, for holding spare slate blades for harpoons. Made in shape of whale, walrus, or large 
seal. 



Collectors' number i 124 1 127 '138 

Museum number I 56503 56489 50505 



Collectors' number I 777 ] 859 

Museum number I 89720 89731 



860 
89732 



142 
56501 



981 
89730 



189 198 

56500 56502 



1101 
89733 



H. Ex. 44- 



-10 



1 Two specimens. 



74 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Bone dagger. — Six specimens. Made of split leg-bone of a bear. Ancient. Said to Lave 
been a weapon. 



Collectors' numbers 


767 

89484 


965 

89485 


988 

89475 


1141 I 1175 
89480 89481 


1709 
89482 





E. Projectile iceapons. 

Bow (pi-zi'le-sl) AND ARROWS (kiC'Jc-a-ru). — Fifty-five specimens. Bow of spruce reinforced with 
sinew. Arrows, shafts of (generally) soft wood; heads of iron, flint, bone, -or ivory, sharp pointed 
for killing large game, blunt for birds. 



; Collect ors'nnmbws .. 


'25 
f "89245 
| '89238 
1 "892 H 


-68 


374 


»119 


5162 


3 1C3 




"164 I *105 


i 
6 23i : '241 


'786 




I "72754 














1 






| 


Museum numbers 


! "72755 
S "72757 


C 89236 
( 89240 


72768 


f 89239 
> 89241 


( 89238 
\ 89241 


89236 


\ 


89237 1 ( 72760 
72763 t { 72764 


C 72771 
\ 72787 


C 89236 
\ 72770 


89904 




"72758 






















=72760 
























"72765 














j 










[ "72767 














■ 









1 Bow and twelve arrows. 

4 T wo airows. 

1 Bow and two arrows. 



2 Three arrows. 
s Nine arrows. 
* Bow. 



3 One aiTow. 

c Bow and sixteen arrows. 

"Arrows. 



Stone arrow-head (ku-Tcin). — Twenty-four specimens. Chipped flint and jasper of various 
colors and patterns, some ancient and some newly made for trade; used for bears or any dangerous 
game. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 



26 62 ' '64 
50686 ! 56694 j 5C691 



? 67 

56717 



U13 | 143 
5C702 > 56692 



230 I 232 ! 3 240 «2CG :i ,-<17 
; 56761 
56762 



1 Five specimens. "Tliree specimens. 8 Two specimens. 

Bone arrow-head (nu't-Mu). — Three specimens. Detachable head for deer-arrow, 





1147 
89376 


1263 


Museum numbers 56599 


89460 | 



Quiver and bow-case {pi si'k-si-sax). — One specimen. Made of black-dressed sealskin; 
sometimes together, sometimes separate. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



25 
89245 



234 

72788 



Quiver rod. — One specimen. Rod of wood or antler, sometimes carved; fastened into the 
.quiver or bow-case to keep it stiff after the bow or arrows are withdrawn. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



231 
56505 



"Braces" (mii/n-fjfd-zhl). — Three specimens. Small curved oval disks of bone or horn, with 
holes for strapping on the left forearm or wrist to protect it from being hurt by the string in 
shooting the bow. 



1 




>12gi j 

1 1 


13M 
89550 



1 Two specimens. 



.EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



75 



(3) IMPLEMENTS OF SPECIAL USE. 

A. Flint and other stone-working. 

Elint-flaker (7>-?7/-?u).— Nine specimens. Short rod of metal, bone or stone, in ivory handle, 
for chipping- flints. 





56551 


794 
89200 

1C04« 
89265 


796 
89263 

1216 

897S2 


'979 
89265 

1223 
89262 


1001 
89264 

'1380 
89259 















'Handle. 

B. Fire-making and utilizing. 

Eire-drill (ni-o-o-ttn). — One specimen. A stick like a drill-shaft, made to revolve on the 
flat surface of a cleft soft wood stick, by means of a thong'. A deer's ankle-bone held in the teeth 
serves to steady the drill. Newly made, but of the pattern with which 'fire used to be obtained. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1080 



Willow catkins (kim-mi-n-rn). — Two specimens. Used for tinder. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers.. 



1133 

89825 



1722- 1 
89825 ! 



Willow-twigs (ie'le-pile). — One specimen. Used for kindlings. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1725 
89824 



C. Bow- and arrow-making. 
Sinew tools. — Two specimens. Flat ivory pins for working the sinew reinforcements on 



a bow. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



'1021 
89466 



1 Two specimens. 



Arrow-tool (Vg-u-gwau). — One specimen. Slender, flat rod of ivory, with wedge-point, for 
fixing feathers on arrows. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



1285 
89486 



D. Fishing implements other than weapons. 

Fish-hook (ial-qhul). — Seven specimens. Oblong, narrow, flat piece of ivory, with a metal 
hook (either a regular barbed white man's fish-hook, or a barbless hook of iron or copper, native 
made) at broader end; used for catching burbot in rivers. 



Collectors' numbers ... 02 149 I 107 7C4 j 780 

Museum numbers 56594 1 56594 1 56594; 89553 89050 



841 

89552 



887 
89549 



Small fish-hooks (ni'lc-shi). — Thirteen specimens. Small piece of ivory, generally discolored, 
with a barbless hook, forming a rough imitation of a shrimp or minnow; sometimes inlaid with 
beads. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



U50 

56705 


»153 

56009 



158 i 2 160 950 ■■ 1007 

56700 ! 56010 89554 S9783 



1 Three specimens. 



2 Four specimens. 



76 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Fish "jiggers" (nl'k-sin). — Two specimens. Little pear-shaped piece of white ivory, with 
fonr barbless, generally copper, hooks at large end, for "jigging" polar cod without bait. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



154 

50607 



Fish-line complete. — Ten specimens. Lines of whalebone strips, knotted together, of dif- 
ferent lengths, provided with hooks and jigs of different sorts, for large or small fish. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



33 
50543 



156 



57 
56608 



187 
5G544 



151 



'040 
C 83545 
i E8546 



155 
5G701 

2 1733 
C 87547 
\ S9548 



1 Two specimens, baited. ■ Two specimens. 

Hair-line (a'k-qlu-nd). — One specimen. Long fish-line of braided human hair. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



410 
5C545 



Flipper "toggles" (M'g-o-tm). — Tavo specimens. Two ivory whales, perforated so as to be 
fastened together by a stout thong. Said to be buttoned through holes in a whale's flippers to keep 
them in place while towing. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . . 



227 | 407 

50580 i 50598 



Ivory sinker (Ma-M-ca). — Five specimens. For burbot-lines. 





1 i ' 
149 2^0 1 887 1 


Museum numbers 1 56594 


50594 5G577 ! 89549 


1 


1 



1 Two specimens. 

Net-sinker. — One specimen. An ancient black stone a<lze-blnde, rigged for a net-sinker, with 
a whalebone lashing around it, making a becket. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



308 



Whaling float (a-po-tu'k-j)un). — One specimen. Seal-skin to be inflated and attached to 
harpoon-line. 

! 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



538 
73578 



Fish " grains" (kak-i'-bu-a). — One specimen. Three-pronged, of whalebone, wood, and iron. 
Short handle for striking fish in shallow water. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



1227 
89901 



Fish-net (ku-bra). — Four specimens. Made of whalebone strips or twisted sinew, 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers... 



147 171 

50754 i 50752 



1T2 I 190 

50753 5C755 



Seal-net (ku-bra). — One specimen. Made of seal-thong, about 15 feet long ; usually set under 
the ice. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. .. 



109 
5C75G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



77 



Seal DETECTOR.-^Three specimens. Slender rod of ivory, placed in breathing-hole to indi- 
cate the approach of the seal. 



Collectors' numbers 


104 
56507 


1114 
89454 


1581 
89453 







Seal decoy (d-dri-gau-tin'). — Six specimens. Seal claws mounted on a wooden handle, for 
scratching on the ice to attract seals. 



Collectors' numbers 


51 
56558 


90 
56555 


93 

56557 


100 
56556 


1312 

89467 


1354 
89468 





Seal rattle. — Two specimens. Piece of wood cut roughly in shape of seal's head, with a 
becket of thong in one end and a staple in the other, with three padlock-shaped pieces of iron hung 
on it. Rattle to attract seals into ice-nets. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number... 



'409 
56533 



1 Two specimens. 

Seal-drag (ulc-si-ii-tvii). — Seven specimens. Thong, with knobs for hauling dead seals. 



| Collectors' numbers .. 
Museum numbers 


36 
56622 


44 
56624 


45 
56627 


81 
56625 


212 
56626 


755 
89469 


1337 
89470 



Seal-drag- knobs (ulc-si'-u). — Seven specimens. Perforated knobs of ivory, generally carved 
into the heads of animals (bears, seals, &c), for confining the two parts of raw-hide line used for 
dragging in dead seals, &c. 



Collectors' numbers 


'18 

KfiKSffl 


2 S4 
56600 


2 949 
89450 






1 Tbree specimens. 


2 Two specini 


ens. 





Handle for drag-line (ku'il-i). — Sis specimens. Ivory bar, ornamented with carving (heads 
of seals, &c). 





23 
56527 


86 
56526 


835 925 
89458 | 89457 

1 


i 
929 j 930 
89455 89450 







Three-legged stool (nik-a-icau-o-tm). — Two specimens. Made of wood, to stand on when 



watching seal holes. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



1411 
898S7 



1412 
89888 



E. Hunting implements, other than iceapons. 

Wole-killers (ts-i'b-ru). — Nineteen specimens. Pointed rods of whalebone, about C inches 
long. They are doubled up, wrapped in fat, and frozen. When swallowed by a wolf or bear the 
fat melts and the whalebone straightens out, piercing the coat of the stomach and causing death. 





'1229 21232 1 2 1316 
89538 89511 89540 


2 1588 




89539 







1 Seven specimens. 



2 Four specimens. 



Snow goggles (id-yi.-gun). — Four specimens. Cover for the eyes, made of wood or antler, 
with long, narrow, horizontal slits, to protect the eyes from the glare of the snow. 



Collectors' n-imbers . 
Museum numbers... 



754 
89703 



763 
89701 



1296 
89708 



1703 i 
89894 I 



78 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 



Mai:k for cache (tii'l ■ u-hi-a). — Oue specimen. Bod of ivory, with bunch of feathers at the 
top. Stuck in the snovr to indicate where meat is buried. 



Collectors' number. 

Museum number . . 



89531 



F. Leather-tcorlchig tools. 

Skin-scraper (i'-lcun). — Nineteen specimens. A chipped flint or ground stone blade, mounted 
in a handle of wood or ivory, used for dressing skins. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers... 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers... 



29 



"48 

56549 


'54 
50518 


1748 
89317 


'820 
89012 


1858 
89321 


955 
89313 


1071 
89310 


1079 

89311 


1135 
89309 


1156 
89318 


1171 
89320 


1177 
8931G 


1330 
89312 


1304 
89319 


1365 
89315 


1420 
89322 


'1780 

89314 



' Handle. 



2 Blade. 



Bonk scraper. — One specimen. Made of a piece of long bone, with faces carved on the 
condyles. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . . 



1578 
89488 



Ivory oil-cups (6-Jio-vwm). — Ten specimens. Small oblong ivory cups, with sharp edges, 
used for scraping blubber from skins to save it. 



Collectors' numbers 


3S 

1 '56003 


1088 
89257 

1288 
S9250 


1090 
89258 

1289 
89255 


1190 
89254 

1416 

89253 


I 
3287 j 
S9251 

1417 { 
89252 1 




Museum numbers 



i Two specimens. 

Deerskin combs (Icii-mo-tm). — Nine specimens. Short cylindrical hollow piece of antler, with 
comb-teeth cut on one or both ends. Used for combing loose hair out of deer-skin. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers. .. 



34 

505S5 



897 
89360 



Collectors' numbers | 1005 

Museum numbers | 89781 

I 



902 

S935S 



1017 
89336 



903 
89357 



993 

89359 



1029 1579 i 

89355 ' 89354 | 



G. Builders' tools. 
Mattock; — Six specimens. Made of whale-rib, lashed to haft. Used for digging in the gravel. 



Collectors' numbers 


1 ■ f i ! 

285 297 I 7G8 j 879 1043 
56494 73574 1 89842 1 89<«41 89843 

1 i ! i 


1315 

89844 





Pick-axe (si-Mu). — Two specimens. Made of a piece of walrus-tusk, following the natural 
curve of the tusk. When hafted, attached to a wooden handle like an adze by lashings of seal- 
thong. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



17 
56542 



'96 

505X9 



■ Two specimens. 



Snow-knife (sav-i-u-ra). — Two specimens. Long, flat, curved knife of ivory, for cutting snow. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number . . . 



5C508 



759 
89478 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



79 



Bone snow-pick.— One specimen. Small drill-like tool of bone, set into ;i handle of antler 
just large enough to grasp conveniently in the hand. Ancient. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . 



1219 
89521 



Snow-siiovel edge. — One specimen. Made of ivory, and grooved on upper edge for attach 
ineut to edge of wooden snow-shovel. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number.. . 



16 

56541 



Snow-shovel (p&Jc-sun). — Two specimens. Short, broad blade and short handle made ot 
wood ; either one piece or several spliced together with whalebone withes ; edge of ivory. 





27 1 30 1 
5673S > 56739 







Snowshovel, bone (pi'hsun). — One specimen. Made of a whale's scapula, painted and soiled 
to look old. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number. . . 



1250 
89775 



Ice-pick (tu-u). — One specimen. Bayonet-shaped blade of bone or ivory, to be attached to 
seal harpoon or to a pole. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number. .. 



1313 
49483 



Ioe-dkill (Ixiik-ai-ya-xi-on). — One specimen. Of antler, to be mounted on a long pole. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number. . . 



1064 
.-9479 



Ice-scoop. — One specimen. Made of antler netted with whalebone mounted on long pole, 
for dipping up fragments of ice in cutting a hole. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number 



1696 
S9903 



K. Procuring and manufacturing food. 

Slate whale-spade [u-ynm-i-gd).— Two specimens. Broad blade of slate, to be attached to 
bone haft, which is fastened to a long pole, for "cutting in" a whale. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



393 1081 

89602 89631 



Fish-scalee. — One specimen. Little ivory knife. 



Collectors' number- 
Museum number — 



1279 
S9401 



Slate blubber-knife. — One specimen. Long, broad blade, double-edged. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number... 



204 
56670 



80 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



Blubber-hook (ni'lcsi-gu). — Three specimens. Wooden handle with bone or ivory barb at 
end, for pulling around pieces of blubber, &c, long-handled to use from a boat in "cutting in" a 
■whale, and short-handled to use in the storehouses ashore. 





126 
567G0 


1203 
89836 


1353 

89837 







N. Making and working fiber. 

Netting-needle (i'n-mn-vwing). — Twelve specimens. Of ivory or autler. Different sizes, for 
making fish and seal nets. » 



Collectors' numbers 


la 
56575 

942 
89433 


_ 8 
5G573 

! 939 
(, 89426 
) 89432 


24 
56574 

1283 
1 89127 


42 
56571 

1286 
89430 


101 
5G670 

1333 

S9429 


102 
56581 

1381 
89428 


Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 



1 Two specimens. 

Mesh-stick (leu-brm). — Five specimens. Of ivory or antler. Various sizes, for fish or seal 



nets. 



Collectors' numbers 102 | 942 

Museum numbers 56581 i 89437 


983 1019 1284 
89439 ! 83435 ! S913G 

1 



Netting-weights (nep-i-taii-ra). — Eleven specimens. Little ivory fish hung on to meshes of 
net to make it hang properly while netting. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . - 



'202 
56597 



] 207 I '778 '899 

[89443 89440 

89445 ! 89441 



5G30C 



'854 1020 
89442 I ? on( .,. 
89444! I 80446 



1 Pair. 



Sinew shuttle. — One specimen. Short shuttle of bone or ivory for twisting and holding 
sinew-thread. 



Collectors' number . 
Museum number... 



1332 
89431 



Weaving-tools. — One specimen. Bone shuttle, spatula, and mesh-stick for weaving feather 
belts. 



Collectors' number . 
Museum numbers... 



1338 ! 
89434 ' 
89438 
89462 ! 



Bone-needles {ml'lc-snn). — Fifty-one specimens. Made of reindeer's fibula (a-mi'l-ya-run). 
Obsolete. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 

j Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 

1 Museum numbers 

1 


■1191 
89389 

s 1205 
89398 

"1228 
89401 


1195 
89392 

-1214 
89399 

1239 
89301 


1201 
89309 

31220 
89400 

5 1240 
89394 


1202 
89391 

1221 
89390 

6 1245 
89395 


-1204 
89397 

1222 
89360 

f 1246 
89396 



1 Two specimens. 4 Five specimens. 

2 Three specimens. c Six specimens. 

3 Four specimens. 



"Thirteen specimens. 
'Seven specimens. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



81 



Needle-case (n-yami).— Thirteen specimens. Hollow cylinder of ivory or bone, with a strip 
of raw-hide in which the needles are stuck, run through it, and held by an ivory kuob at the end. 
Fastened to the belt by an ivory hook. 



Collectors' numbers . 

Musinra numbers ... 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



7 
5G575 



1222 
89300 



1033 1089 
89370 i 89308 



1105 1137 1201 
89303 I 89366 S93G9 



1239 I 1243 127G I 1277 | 1339 
89361 89301 89371 I 8'..'::C5 ■ I-.03G7 



Thimble (ti'kM(l). — Ten specimens. Of three patterns, viz: a simple rather broad band of 
walrus-hide sewed into a ring to fit the tip of the finger; a ring and lappet cut out of one piece of 
sealskin ; and a ring of antler with a broad piece on one side. 



Collectors' numbers 


1191 
89389 


'1194 
89393 


1195 

89392 


1202 
89391 


1240 
89391 


=1245 
89395 


1246 

89390 





1 Three specimens. 2 Two specimens. 

THREAD-CASE. — Nine specimens. Tube of antler with wooden ends for holding thread, &c, 
Eometimes engraved with pictures or patterns. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 

Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


41 

56615 

1158 
89407 


47 
5C60G 

1335 
89405 


59 
£6605 

1359 
89402 


1128 
89404 

1.371 
8940S 


1136 
89406 





Ivory box. — Three specimens. Used for holding beads, needles, and trinkets. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . 



37 
56383 



1372 1423 
89109 89403 



Wicker-box (i-jn-d-t u).— Four specimens. Little round basket of woven osier, with bag-top 
of black-dressed seal-skin (yiiJea'lxqltn) and a draw-string, for holding tobacco or trinkets. 



Collectors' numbers 


88 
56564 


135 

56565 


1366 

89801 


1427 
89802 





(7) Means -of locomotion and transportation. 

A. Traveling by water . 

Canoe and taddle (l-ai'-alc). — One specimen. Full-sized single canoe and doublc-bladed 
paddle. 



Collectors' number . 
Museum numbers . 



539 
(, '89246 
} 257773 



1 Paddle. - Canoe. 

Model canoe (kai'-aJc). — One specimen. Small model of man's single canoe with paddle* 



Collectors' number 
Museum number... 



2"4 
5056! 



Model skin boat (u-mi'-a(7c). — One specimen. Small model of the large traveling and whaling 
boat, with paddles. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number... 



2.5 
5G5G3 



XI. Ex. 44 11 



82 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



Bowlock foe umiak. — One specimen. Along straight piece of antler lashed on the gun- 
wale of tbe boat. The oar plays on it in a loop of thong. 



Collectors' number 
Museum number... 



1197 
8i)506 



Bailing dipper fob umiak {sd-nai-unf). — Two specimens. Long, slender, curved dipper of 
ivory or antler. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



40 

56536 



1010 



Crotch for "whaling harpoon (leu'n-nd). — Five specimens. Made of ivory or walrus lower 
jaw ? in shape of a large row-lock, usually carved and engraved. Fastened in tbe bow of tbe whal- 
ing umiak to rest the harpoon in. 





116 
56511 


117 
56510 


926 
S9419 


1104 

89417 | 


1224 




89418 | 







D. Land conveyances and other means of locomotion. 

Meat-sled. — One specimen. Little flat sled of wood, witb ivory runners, for dragging pro- 
visions. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number. . 



1140 



Whalebone sled. — One specimen. Little sled made of strips of whalebone placed side by 
side lengthwise, and sewed together with whalebone withes. 





1 

1 772 1 




• i K9K75 ■ 





C. Traveling on foot. 
Snowshoes (tiuf-lu). — Three specimens. Wooden frame netted with raw hide. 



Collectors' numbers. 
Museum numbers . . 



1736 , 1737 i i:::8 

89912 89913 ! 89914 



(10) Games and pastimes. 

A. Gambling implements. 

Playing-sticks (lea-pu-ta). — Nine specimens. Two ivory pegs and a bundle of ivory sticks 
for playing a game. 








>249 
56521 


2842 

894G4 


-962 




5G532 


891U.-> 



'Two sticks. s Two sticks and peg. 3 Four sticks. 

Ivory carvings. — Twenty five specimens. Twenty-five little ivory earrings, representing a 
fox and twenty-four geese, made by the Asiatic Eskimos ("Tnski," "Sedentary Chukehesf) of 
Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. Said to be a game. like "jack-straws." 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



21 

56531 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



83 



B. Games and pastimes. 

Wooden gorget (su'lc-i-mitn). — Three specimens. Half-moon shaped piece of flat board, ser- 
rated on the curved edge, and painted with figures of men, whales, &c. Suspended round the 
neck with strings in ceremonial dances. 



Collectors' numbers ' 2G5 85.3 1132 

Museum numbers j 50403 89817] S9S18 



Mounted fox-skin. — One specimen. Skin of an Arctic fox stuffed and mounted on a- board, 
with a whalebone spring in him, and worked by strings so that he darts his head at a bunch of fur 
made to represent a lemming; and made, by means of strings, to run in and out of two holes in the 
board. For theatrical performances. 



Collectors' number. 

Museum number . . 



1378 

Sfisu:: 



0. Sports and toys for children. 

"Snapper" (mt-t/<j-U-gaun). — One specimen. Rod of Avhalebone with a hollow on one end, for 
"snapping" little pebbles or shot at people. Boy's toy. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



181 



" Whirligig," or top (Jcaip-sa). — Two specimens. A large conical piece of wood or horn, 
with a slender axis of bone at the base thrust through a hollow cylinder of antler. The top is 
made to spin by a string passing through a hole in the side of the cylinder to the axis. Toy. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers . . . 



1198 
89800 



1350 

89807 



Whizzing stick (im-tg-Wk-ta). — One specimen. Oval piece of flat board, with serrated edges, 
attached to a stick by a string. Makes a loud whizzing sound when swung around. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1331 
89800 



Toy, 



Teetotum (kraip-sa). — One specimen. Disk of wood, with a short stick through the middle. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . 



4G 

50491 



"Buzz" toy. — One specimen. Square flat piece of wood, with serrated edges, made to spin 
by two pieces of string. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1087 
89722 



Toy man in kaiak. — Two specimens. Kaiak carved from a block of wood ; man sitting in it 
paddling; arms worked by strings. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



'783 
8985G 



1351 
89855 



1 Unfinished. 

Toy drum and stick. — One specimen. Small model of the ordinary drum. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



118G 

89797 



84 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Toy seeae (liupu-ra). — One specimen. Miniature deer-lance (M'jo-im) made of antler. 



> Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1280 
89595 



Model wpiale harpoon (a'j-yuu). — One specimen. Small model made of wood and ivory of 
a complete whaling harpoon, rigged, with line and two floats, or "pokes" (a'-po-tu'lcpun). 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



233 
56562 



Toy seear (u-na-ra?). — One specimen. Miniature model of seal-harpoon, made of wood and 
ivory. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1082 
89551 



(11) Music. 
A. Instruments for beating. 

Detjm (ke'l-yau). — Four specimens. A large hoop of wood, with a short ivory handle, and 
parchment (walrus intestine) stretched over it. Held by handle in left hand and struck on rim 
with a stick held in right hand. 





514- 1 




56742 1 



Deem handle. — Seven specimens. Carved from walrus ivory. 



Collectors' numbers. . . 65 
Museum numbers 56514 


76 
56515 


784 881 
89266 89270 


' 898 

89267 


911 
89268 


975 
S9269 | 

! 



(12) Art. 
A. Art materials. 
Fossil ivory (kU-i'gwci). — One specimen. Section of a large tusk from interior. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number . . 



1779 
89892 



B. Worlcs of art. 

Ivory carvings. — Thirty-seven specimens. Small images, human figures, seals. 
&c. Works of art or amulets. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers. .. 



78 
5651 9 



Collectors' numbers : 220 

Museum numbers 56530 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers ; 



'990 
8934G< 

89347J 



Collectors' numbers j 1084 

Museum numbers 89723 

Collectors' mimbors 1113 

Museum numbers ; 89451 



85 

565^0 



254 

56529 



92 120 
56524 56522 



444 756 
56732 89720 



991 S92 
89327 ! 89341 



994 
S9332 



1085 
89351 



1080 ; 1098 
S932G ' 89338 



1124 1273 | 1274 
89343 89345 ; 89337 



] 140 
56584 



953 

89340 



'173 

56582 



980 
89349 



999 1 1024 



201 



989 

89342 



1067 



S|||| 89334 



1099 

89339 



1384 
89333 



1100 ! 1101 
89352 ' 89329 



'Two specimens. 

[vory buttons. — Two specimens. Carved in shape of "bowhead" whale. 



Collectors' number. 
Museum number .. 



'66 
50619 



1 Two specimens. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



85 



Ivory carvings.— Four specimens. Walrus teeth carved into human faces, seal and bear 
heads, £ic. 





'52 
56523 


'50 
5G528 







1 Two specimens. 



Crucifix (1). — Two specimens. Slender crux ansata of ivory surmounted by a human head of 
soapstonc or bone, neatly secured by lashings. Made for sale, probably a mere "curio," perhaps 
suggested by a crucifix which the maker may have seen. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . . . 



1012 
89741 



1091 
89742 



Engravings on ivory.— Six specimens. Pieces of fiat walrus ivory. oM shovel edges, &c, 
on which are scratched various pictures, hunting records, &c, colored with soot or red ochre. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers... 



99 

r.o.jiii) 



121 890 | 1026 ' 1334 : 1319 
56517 ! 89424 i 89437 89474 | 89473 



Bone carvings (saii-na=bone). — Eleven specimens. Small images, seals, human figures, &c. 
Works of art or amulets. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers ... 



75 | 997 
50579 89471 



1025 
S9353 



Collectors' numbers : 1160 j 1167 1272 

Museum numbers i 89325: 89328 1 89344 



1066 1127 
89449 89348 



1275 : 1369 
89335 89'J36 



1143 
89331 



Wooden whales, &c. — Five specimens. Seals, whales, and walruses carved in soft wood. 
Old and probably for good luck. 



Collectors' numbers . 
Museum numbers . .. 



1857 
89736? 
89737 ( 



89734 



1036 
89735 



1299 

89524 



'Two specimens. 

Wooden images. — Six specimens. Men or women, more or less roughly whittled out of 
wood. Work of art or toys. 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


'203 
5G495 


655 
56490 


1185 : 1192 | 1193 
89725 1 89726 ! S9727 

! ! 



1 Two specimens. 

Gypsum carvings. — Three specimens. Man, beluga, and bear. Made for sale. 



Collectors' numbers 
Museum numbers-.. 



1014 
89575 



1015 
89573 



1027 
89574 



SoArsiONE carvings. — Seventeen specimens. Little images, men, beasts, and monsters, 
carved in soapstone (tu-neX'k-tu). 



Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


904 
89567 


966 

89576 


986 

89563 


1095 
89569 


1108 
89568 


Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 5 

| * 


'1116 
89571 
89572 


'1188 
89559? 
895603 


1252 
89566 


1251 
89561 


1266 
89538 


i Collectors' numbers 

Museum numbers 


1267 
89557 


12C8 
89562 


1269 
89564 


1270 
89565 


1271 
89570 




' Two s 


pecimens. 









86 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEQW, ALASKA. 

Beau's jaws. — One specimen. Mounted in seal-skin for sale by a native taxidermist. 



Collectors' number 1130 

Museum number ' S9823 



Fresh-watee sculi'in.— Oiio specimen. Carefully put up dry in a little wooden case by a 
native and brought in for .sale. 



i | 

Collectors number 1145 : 

Museum number i 8953G 



(17.) EELIGIOjST. 

Stone amulets. — Seven specimens. Flint, jasper, crystal, or thick glass, flaked into a rudo 
image of a whale or bear. 



Collectors' numbers 01 1.39 20S 771 9::9 10J1 1247 

Museum numbers 5CG83 50707 5G713 S9013 89577 £9578 ' S9533 



Ohaiims. — Thirteen specimens. Dried birds, bits of antler, fawns' feet, bits of earth, pebbles, 
feathers, teeth, &c, worn or carried in the boat, &c, for good luck, each generally with some 
specific purpose. 



Collectors' numbers ' 050 779, 1110 IMS 1173 1244 130G 

Museum numbers 50547 89099 69743 89452 89522 S9535 89534 



Collectors' numbers 1307 130S I 1314 | 1327 1328 1580 

Museum numbers '. 89532 S9525 89523 5foSai 89 J- G ' ?0C9S 



"Ice-medicine." — One specimen'. Indurated sand, probably from some special (sacred?) 
place. Small particles thrown, with ceremony, from the village bank will make the ice go away. 



Collectors' number , 273 

Museum number 50725 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 87 



ALPHABET. 

a, as iu far, farther; Gin, lidben; Sp. ramo. 

a, nearly as in what, not; Gm. man : as oi in Fr. loi. 

a, as in 7tat, ntan. 

«, as ia 7r»r, «77, lord; Fr. or. 

<7i, as in di'sZe, as i \\\ pine, find; Gm. Hain. 

dl, as oi in fro/7, soil; Sp. oyendo, coyote. 

an, as o« in out, as oir iu 7ioic; Gm. Hans; Sp. auto. 

0, as in blab; Gin. beben; Fr. 6e77e; Sp. &o/ar. 
c, as sh in shall; Gm. sclicllen; Fr. charmer. 

c, as 77i in 77wh, forth. 

((i, as 77t in tfien, though. 

(I, as in dread; Gm. das; Fr. r7e ; Sp. d!ec7o. 

e, as in *7ie#; Gm. Dchnung; Fr. c7e; Sp. gue'. 

e, as iu 77ie»; Gm. c7chh; Fr. sienne; Sp. comen. 

f, nam fife; Gm.Fcuer; Fr. /cm; Sp. /«»!<♦ 
jr, as in 3/(7; Gm.gelen; Fv. gout; Sp. gosar. 
h, as in 7<ff, 7ie; Gm. haben. 

i, as ill pique; Gm. i/m; Fr. -TZe; Sp. 7u/o. 

«, as io pick; Gm. t<n7Z. 

1', as ~ iu azure; j, in Fr. Jacques; Portuguese Jbao. 

7.-, as in 7ac7c; Gm. ifi/ia"; Fr. quart; Sp. querir. 

1, as in Z«77; Gm. lallen ; Fr. lourd; Sp. 7e«fo. 
m, asinmttni; Gm. Mutter; Fv. me; Sp. menos. 
11, as injure; Gm. Nonne; Fr. ne; Sp. »«(?«. 

m, as >;</ iu sing, singer ; Sp. luengo. 

0, as in wo7e; Gm. Doyen; Fr. nos. 

6, nearly as in (N. E.) home; Gm. sol!; Fr. soite; It. soiZo; Sp. so7. 

jb, asin^ipe; Gm. Puppe; Fr.poupe; Sn. i>opa. 

q, as c7i in Gm. ich, or c7t in ach, if the former is not found. 

r, as in roaring; Gm. riihreu ; Fr. rare; Sp. rasgar. 

s, as in sauce; Gm. Sacifc; Fr. sauce; Sp. sorrfo. 

/, asinrowcZi; Gm. 2V<#; Fr. idter; Sp. fomrtr. 

w, as in ra7c; Gm. du; Fr. donx ; Sp. h«o. 

17, as in pull , full ; Gm. und. 

ii, as iu Gm. iWiZtZ; Fr. 1u. 

u, as in but; Fr. pleuvoir. 

vj as in valve; Fr. teiix; Sp. volver; and as w in Gm. iron;. 

«, as in irisZi; nearly as ou in Fr. oui. 

x, nearly as the Arabic ghain (the sonant of q). 

y, as in you; Sn.ya; as j in Gm. ja . 

z, as z and s in roues: Gm. Ease; Fr. zvle; Sp. rasra. 

f7/, as j in judge. 

Tiic, as whin when; Sp. hueria. 

hy, as in 7»ie. 

?i/, as IU in million; as 77 in Fr. brilliant: Sp. 7/cnio; and as #7 iu It. moglie'. 

vg, as in finger, linger. 

ny, as iu in onion; as » iu canon ; Fr. agncau ; Sp. maraud. 

tc, as c7i in church, and <? in It. ei'<;7o; Sp. achaque. 

Excessive prolongation of a vowel should he marked thus: a-f , a+, «+. • 

Nasalized vowels should he written with a superior n, thus: e", o' 1 , ii", a", «i n . 

An aspirated sound should be marked by an inverted comma, thus: b', f7'. 

An exploded sound or hiatus should be marked hy an apostrophe, thus: V, d'. 

Synthetic sounds should he written with the letter which represents the sound which seems to he most commonly 
emitted. 

Syllables should be separated by hyphens. Iu connected texts hyphens should be omitted. 

The accented syllable of every word should he marked by an acute accent, thus: teu-ar'-u-tiui-pii riin-kf.nt. 



ETHNOLOGY. 

PLATE I. 

PIPES, ETC. POINT BA.KKOW ESKIMOS. 

1. Tobacco-pipe with bowl of brass, inlaid with copper; stem of wood in two sections, held together by sealthong. 

Steel picker attached by a thong, -g-. No. 89288. 

2. Similar pipe with bowl of antler, wound with twine of braided sinew. |-. No. 89291. 

3. Tobacco pouch of reindeer skin, trimmed with fur. |-. No. 89805. 

4. Man's bracelet of walrus-hide, ornamented with a bead of soapstone. Natural size. No. 89388. 

(Drawn by C. F. Trill.) 



Ethnology. 



PLATE I. 




If /r ^^ss&s^ 

diJIL — — 1 - *a/^^ Slaa& ^^m*mi 




plgr: ■" -:■-:■:- .;■;-•■; '-«; *.£», v.,fc. =>-w 

..i : ■ . . . ■.. . ■ , ■ ■■ ,.■■ ■ 



«»tl«»i« 






PLATE II. 

TOOLS. POINT BARROW ESKIMOS. 

1. Steel-pointed bow-drill, with ivory sheath. ^. Nos. 89502 and 89447. 

2. Ivory drill-how. ^. No. 89515. 

3. Wooden mouth-piece, with stone socket for drill. -J-. No. 89500. 

4. Flint-pointed hand-drill. £. No. 89626. 

5. Ground adze-head of jade. ^. No. 56667. 

6. Stone maul, with wooden haft. Head of light greenish, massive pectolite. -J. No. 56685. 

(Drawn by C. F. Trill.) 



Et.lmology. 



PLATE II. 



ill 

.I'll 






,!' 



I 





fm& 






PLATE HI. 

TOOLS. POINT BAEEOW ESKIMOS. 

1. Large "crooked knife" for wood-working. Steel blade, antler handle. Left-handed. £. No. 89283. 

2. Small "crooked knife" for cutting bone or ivory. -J-. No. 891532. 

3. Man's knife of slate, with -wooden handle. Antique. ^. No. 89584. 

4. Woman's knife of black slate, handle of antler, £. No. 89682. 

5. Blade of a similar knife of polished light green jade. •£. No. 56660. 

6. " Shave" for scraping whalebone, with steel blade and ivory handle. Natural size. No. 89306. 

7. Tool for flaking flints. A rod of hard bone, mounted in an ivory handle. -J. No. 89262. 

(Drawn by C. F. Trill.) 



Ethnology. 



PLATE III. 






I'- 






PLATE IV. 

SPEAE-HEADS, ETC. POINT BAREOW ESKIMOS. 

1. Black flint whale-lance head. |. No. 56679. 

2. Similar head with part of shaft. $. No. 89596. 

3. Head for deer-lance, of polished olive-green jade. ^. No. 89610. 

4. Ground slate blade for whaling harpoon, i. No. 89606. 

5. Antique bone toggle-head for seal harpoon. Back and side view. -J. No. 89378. 

6. Drinking-cup of fossil ivory. £. No. 89830. 

(Drawn by C. F. Trill.) 



Ethnology. 



PLATE IV. 









PLATE V. 

LABRETS AND WORKS OF ART, POINT BARROW ESKIMOS. 

* 

1. Antique single labret of polished light green jade. Back and side view. Natural size. No. 89705. 

2. Sienite lahret, one of a pair. Back and side view. Natural size. No. 56716. 

3. Plug lahret of hright green stone (jade?). Front and side view. Natural size. No. 89706. 

4. Slate lancet for cutting labret-holes, with wooden case. Natural size. No. 89721. 

5. Polar bear carved in soapstone. ■£. No. 89566. 

6. Ivory carving, dead seal with drag-line. -J. No. 89330. 

7. Ivory carving, grotesque figure, " walrus-man." i. No. 89332. 

(Drawn by C. F. Trill.) 



Ethnology. 



PLATE V. 









€11 
iill 






I 






PAET IV. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



By JOHN MURDOCH, A. M\, Sergeant Signal Corps, U. S. Army. 



H. Ex. 44 12 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

The following report on the Natural History of the Point Barrow Expedition is presented by 
the writer, to whose charge the collections and notes were intrusted. Part of the material has 
been turned over to specialists for study, aud part has been worked up by the writer himself. 

The writer desires to express his thanks to Prof. S. F. Baird, director of the United States 
National Museum, for affording him every possible convenience in the way of laboratory accom- 
modation at the Smithsonian Institution, and access to the libraries of the Institution, as well as 
for much valuable assistance and advice. He is indebted to the curators and assistants of the 
Museum, especially to Messrs. Eobert Bidgway, Richard Rathbun, W. H. Ball ,and T. H. Bean, for 
much willing and valuable assistance and advice. To Mr. Dall he is also particularly indebted for 
access to his valuable library. 

He desire's especially to acknowledge the assistance rendered him by Mr. James E. Benedict, 
naturalist of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, who placed his books and his time at 
the writer's disposal, for the identification of the collection of Worms. 

Prof. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, Prof. C. V. Riley, of the Department of Agriculture, Mr. W. 
H. Dall, of Washington, and Mr. J. W. Fewkes, of Cambridge (the last as a personal favor to 
the writer), have kindly prepared special reports on the Plants, Insects, Mollusks and Acalephs, 
respectively. 

Professors A. E. Verrill and O. Harger, of Yale College, and A. S. Packard, jr., of Brown 
University, and the Hon. Theodore Lyman, of Massachusetts, have kindly furnished the writer 
with valuable assistance and many suggestions. 

The Eskimo name of each animal has been appended wherever it was possible to obtain it. 

The report consists of the following divisions : 

I. — Mammals. 
II.— Birds. 
III.— Fishes. 
IV. — Insects. 
Y. — Maiinc Invertebrates, exclusive of Mollusks. 
VI.— Mollusks. 

VII. — Collecting-localities and dr edging-stations. 
VIII. -Plants. 

jUTENDIX. 

A. — Notes on Surface Life under the Sea-ice. 

B.— Notes on Surface Life, observed during the voyage from San Francisco to Point Barrow, ami durius 

tbo season of open water at Point Barrow. 
C — List of Birds noticed at Plover Bav, Eastern Siberia. 

'Jl 



I.-MAMMALS. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



The following report contains all the information we were able to gather concerning the mam- 
mals inhabiting that portion of Northwestern Alaska traveled over by the Eskimos of Point Barrow 
in their hunting and trading expeditions. 

From the character of the country and the necessarily confining nature of our duties at the 
station, ranch of it was obtained by hearsay from the natives, though the exploring and hunting 
expeditions made by Lieutenant Bay and Captain Herendeen added considerably to our knowledge 
of some species. 

Marine mammals, of course, predominated in the immediate vicinity of the station, the Arctic* 
Box and the two species of Lemming being the only land mammals that were at all abundant. Of 
the larger mammals the most abundant are the Beiudeer and the Binged Seal, which form the 
staple food of the natives. 

LIST OF MAMMALS. 

1. Canis occidentalis griseo-albxis Bd. Wolf (Aincixo). 

2. Vulpes fulvus (Desm.) DeKay. Red Fox (Kaia'kiuk, Kana'kiua). 
2b. Vulpes fulvus argentatus And. & Bach. Black Fox (Eaiu'ktuk). 

3. Vulpes lagopus (Linn.) Aud. & Bacli. Arctic Fox (Tcrl'gtinia). 

4. Gulo luscus (Linn.) J. Sab. Wolverine (Ka'bivin). 

5. Putorius erininea (Linn.) Griff. Ermine (Tcri'a). 
G. Ur'sus arctos ? Barren- ground Bear (A'kqlak). 

7. Ursus maritimus Linn. Polar Bear '{NWnu). 

8. Phoca vitulina Linn. Harbor Seal (Easigi'a). 

9. Phcca fectida Fabricins. Ringed Seal (Ne'tyl). 

10. Erignathus barbatus (Fabricius) Gill. Bearded Seal (U'g'ru). 

11. Histriophoca fasciata (Ziinm.) Gill. Ribbon Seal {Kaix6lin). 

12. Odobsenus obesus (111.) Allen. Pacific Walrus (A'ibiciU). 

13. Ovibos moschatus (Gmel.) Blainv. Musk Ox ( Cminmau). 

14. Ovis montana (?) Cuv. Mountain Sheep; Bighokn {I'mnea). 

15. Raiigifer tarandus grcenlandicus (Kerr.) Reindeer (Tu'ktu). 

16. Elephas ? sp. Mammoth. (KiU'gwa). 

17. Beluga sp. White Whale (KiWlyua). 

18. Orca sp. Killer (A'xlo). 

19. Monodon monoceros Linn. Narwhal (Tuga'Kn). 

20. Baicena mysticetus Linn. Polar Whale; Bowiiead (A'k'bxcuk). 

21. Sorex forstcri Rich. Forster's Shrew Mouse {Ug'ru'nii'). 

22. Myodes obensis Brants. Tawny Lemming (A'ricititi). 

23. Cuniculus torquatus (Pall.) Coues. Hudson's Bay Lemming. 

24. Spermophilus empetra (Pall.) Allen. Parry's Spermophile (Sl'ksm). 

25. Lepus timidus arcticus Allen. Polar Hare. 
92 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 93 

1. CANIS OCCEOENTALIS GRISEO-ALBUS Bd. 

Wolf (Amdxo). 

The Wolf never appears to come near the coast in the vicinity of Point Barrow. The natives, 
however, have a good many of their shins and prize them very highly for trimming their deer-skin 
clothes, especially for making the frill round the hood of the jacket. 

The skulls also are highly valued as amulets or fetishes, aud no whaling umiak is regarded as 
properly fitted out unless provided with one or more wolf-skulls. 

The natives speak of them as rather plenty inland along the rivers where the reindeer abound, 
and say they chase the deer in packs. 

Our hunting and exploring parties which went inland in the spring of 1882 and 1SS3 saw 
wolves several times but were unable to secure any specimens. The only skin we obtained, a very 
large male, was shot by a native hunter near Meade River in the spring of 18S3. 

One of the Eskimo trading parties which went east in the summer of 18S2 succeeded in catch- 
ing a couple of male cubs alive. These were brought home early in September, and carefully fed 
till hue in December, at which time their fur was supposed to be fit for use. They were then killed 
with much ceremony, with a stone-headed arrow. 

The natives appear to regard the Wolf with a certain amount of superstitious reverence. A 
man who lias killed a Wolf must sleep out of doors in a tent or snow iglu, for one "moon" from 
that time. 

We obtained one skin and six skulls. 

2. VULPES FULVUS (Desm.) DeKay. 

Red Fox (KaiulctuJc, Kana'Jctua). 

21). VULPES FULVUS ARGENTATUS Aud. & Bach. 

Black or Silver Fox (Kaia'Jctulc). 

A few skins of Black and Red Foxes came in among the furs obtained by the trader at the 
station. They were all, however, said to have been obtained by trade from the tribes further 
to the east. 

One of our native deer-hunters last spring (1883), however, came in with a report that he had 
seen and wounded a Black Fox near the hill Nuasu/knan, which is close to the upper Meade River. 

No skins of the cross fox (V.fulvus decussatus) were found among the trade fox-skins. 

3. VULPES LAGOPUS (Linn.) Aud. & Bach. 

Arctic Fox (Teri'gunia.) 

The White Fox is quite abundant near the station, especially in winter, when their tracks are 
to be seen in the snow all over the tundra. They are, however, so exceedingly shy, and so well 
protected by their white covering that the animals themselves are seldom seen at this season. 

During the egg season, that is, through June, they may be frequently seen "quartering" the 
tundra in search of eggs and sitting birds, particularly at night, aud are occasionally found run- 
ning along the beach. Their speed when alarmed is very great. They seem almost to fly over the 
ground instead of running. 

Though usually very wild, hunger sometimes renders them quite bold and familiar. In the 
spring of 1882, one of the women at the hunting camp on Meade River found one in the meat 
house aud easily killed him with a stick. 

They are, in general, pretty widely scattered over the country, but sometimes gather in large 
numbers where there is any particular supply of food. 

The Eskimos reported in February 1882, that there were great numbers of them one day's 
journey to the east feeding on the carcass of a whale that had been washed ashore. Any game 



94 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 

that is left out over night must he carefully covered up with slahs of snow or it will he soon eaten 
by the foxes. 

A good many of them are caught by the Eskimos, either with steel traps or "figurc-of-four 5 * 
traps of their own construction. In using a steel trap they do not bait the trap itself, but place 
the bait in a little house made of slabs of snow. The trap is set and carefully buried in the snow 
at the doorway of the house so that the fox must step on it in his endeavors to reach the bait. 

They build a similar house for their "deadfall" or " figureof-four" trap, and arrange the log 
above the door of the house so the fox brings it down across his back when he reaches in for the 
meat. 

The trader obtained a large number of White Eox skins, mostly in fine condition with very 
heavy thick fur. Out of the number there were two or three in the "blue" condition, also heavy 
winter skins. 

The summer pelage seems to be completely assumed by the middle of July. A female shot 
close to the station, July 8, 1882, had the browu summer coat very short and thin, with bunches 
of white fur still adhering to it, and a few scattered white hairs still remaining. She was very 
thin and dirty, and about as miserable a looking creature as could well be imagined. 

In 1883, a female in nearly the same pelage was taken at Woody Inlet with her two blind 
cubs, about the size of new-born kittens. They were the color of a Maltese cat. 

They were very rarely seen after the middle of July until well into October, when they became 
quite plenty and by that time had again become completely white. 

Their tracks were occasionally seen out on the sea-ice, w r here they had wandered, perhaps iu 
the hopes of pickings of seal offal, after some bear, or perhaps in pursuit of stray lemmings or 
ptarmigans, that every now and then get out upon the ice. 

4. GTJLO LUSCUS (Linn.) J. Sab. 

Wolverine (Ka'bmn). 

The Wolverine was never seen by any of our parties nor reported by the natives. Wolverine- 
skins, however, are very plenty among the Eskimos, and highly valued for trimmings. The tail 
is especially sought for as an ornament to be worn at the back of the belt. 

All these skins are brought from the interior, and are generally obtained by trading. 

5. PUTORIUS BRMINEA (Linn.) Griff' 

Ermine {Teria). 

Skins of Ermines, both in summer and winter pelage, are common among the natives, and 
are occasionally worn as trimmings or amulets. During the winter their tracks and droppings 
were occasionally to be seen on the tundra. An adult male in full summer pelage was shot close 
to the station early on the morning of July 1G, 18S3. 

6. TJRSUS ARCTOS ? 

Barren-Ground Bear '? (A'lcqlalc). 

There is a brown bear in the interior, of which we were unable to secure a specimen, and 
which is probably Richardson's "Barren-Ground Bear". The natives had several more or less 
mutilated skins, which in color closely resembled the cinnamon bear. 

The Eskimos say that the "land bear" is abundant during the summer iu the neighborhood 
of Meade River. 

7. URSUS MARITIMUS Linn 

Polar Bear (Na'nu). 

Polar Bears are by no means so abundant about Point Harrow as might be expected, and 
they appear to confine themselves almost entirely to the ice-field at some distance from the shore, 
only coming in to the land when driven by hunger. During the whole of our stay at the station 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 95 

we know of not more than eleven or twelve being taken, and they wore killed by the Eskimos. 
Onr party frequently saw bear-tracks on the ice, but nobody as much as saw a living bear except 
Lieutenant Bay, who had the good fortune to catch a glimpse of one as he made his escape into 
the moving ice pursued by all the dogs and half the men and women of the village. 

The bears seemed generally anxious to escape when they encountered men and dogs. Only 
one or two showed light or came to bay. 

Bears were wandering about the ice all the year round, as the natives occasionally reported 
them, and twice during the winter of 1882-'S3, impelled by hunger, they came boldly into the vil- 
lage, once at night and once in broad daylight, and made an attack on somebody's storehouse of 
seal-meat. Of course the natives immediately turned out and killed the bear. 

Towards the end of April, 1SS3, a native who belonged at the Point Barrow village, when 
returning from the spring deer-hunt, met a she-bear and her cub, some 20 miles inland, at the 
point where the Eskimo trail crosses the river Kuaru, and killed them both. We obtained their 
skins by purchase. 

The bears killed in winter were beautifully clean and white, but in summer they become 
exceedingly brown and dirty. One killed in August, 1883, was so dirty as to be almost black 
about the legs. 

8. PHOCA VITULINA Linn. 

Harbor Seal. {Kasigia). 

The Harbor Seal is well known to the Eskimos, who have several skins of this species, among 
their " pokes" or floats for whaling. They said that they. occasionally captured it at Perguiak in 
•Elson Bay, and clown the coast at Waiuwright's Inlet, where it is said to "haul out" on land. 

This species is represented in our collection by a single skull brought in for sale by a native, 
who did not know where it came from. 

9. PHOCA FCBTIDA Fabricius. 

Ringed Seal {Netyl). 

Ti'rgun, old stixkixg mali:; Xiiiiiiq, female; Ketyia'rv, young of the year. 

This is the only seal that is at all common at Point Barrow, and is the main staple of food of 
the Eskimos. It remains the whole year through, and is to be found anywhere in the icefield that 
there are sufficient cracks for it to find a breathing place. 

They especially affect the ice, and consequently are rarely to be seen in summer, when the sea 
is clear of ice. When, however, there is much loose ice running, seals are always to be found in 
plenty, and are captured by the Eskimos from their umiaks with rifle and harpoon. They occa- 
sionally come into the shoal water of Elson Bay in the summer, and are taken in nets set along 
the shore. 

When the ice comes in and the sea begins to freeze over in October they become quite abun- 
dant, haunting the open pools in the pack and making breathing-holes (adlu) in the "young ice." 
At this season the natives take thein entirely with the rifle and harpoon, either shooting them as 
they swim in the open pools, and darting a harpoon into them before they sink, or else watching 
at the breathing-hole with the rifle and stabbing-harpoou. 

As the season advances into November and December and the sun disappears, so that there 
are only a few hours of daylight, the- seal-netting begins. This can only be carried on in the 
darkest nights when there is no moon. The natives say that even a bright aurora interferes with 
their success. 

At this season of the year there are very often large temporary cracks in the ice-field a mile or 
two from the shore, which remain open for several days at a time, and are a great haunt of the 
seals. When such a crack is discovered the hunters from the village turn out in force, and skirt 
along the edge of the crack till they liud a suitable place for setting their nets. 



96 EXPEDITION TO POlKT BARROW, ALASKA. 

They select a place where the ice is level and not too thick for about a hundred yards from 
the edge of the crack and then proceed with their ice-picks to cut three holes parallel to the crack. 
The middle hole is large enough to admit the passage of a seal, and the other two are smaller 
and serve to allow the stretching Hues of the net to pass through. They are about five yards, the 
length of the net, apart. The stretching lines are let down through these holes, and grappled 
and drawn up through the center hole with a long slender hooked pole. They are then attached 
to the upper corners of the net, which is thus drawn dowu through the middle hole and hangs like 
a curtain underneath the ice. The end-lines are loosely fastened to lumps of ice, and the hunter 
sitting down near the net begins to rattle on the ice with the butt of his pick, scratch with a little 
tool made of seals' claws mounted on a wooden handle, whistle softly, or make some continuous 
gentle noise which excites the curiosity of the seals, who are swimming round in the open water. 

These come swimming in under the ice in the direction of the sound and of course come in 
contact with the net, which, hanging loosely, soon completely entangles them. The running out of 
the end-lines warns the hunter that there is a seal in the net, and when he thinks it is sufficiently 
entangled, he hauls it up through the middle hole by means of a line attached to the middle of the 
net. The seal is frequently drowned by the time it is hauled up, but sometimes has to be killed 
by bending the head back sharply so as to break the neck. 

After disentangling his catch, the hunter sets his net again and waits for another seal. I have 
known a single hunter to catch as many as thirty seals in the course of one night. The dead seals 
of course freeze stiff very rapidly, and if there is snow enough on the surface of the ice, they are 
stacked up, by sticking them up on their tails in the snow to prevent their being snowed over, 
until they can be brought in by the dog-sleds. 

When there is no suitable water forgetting on a large scale, the natives are constantly on the 
watch for small cracks and breathing-holes, where the seals come regularly. Two or three men will 
surround such a place with four or five nets, so that every seal that comes to the hole is sure to be 
caught. These nets are kept permanently set and are visited every day or two. 

Later in the season when the sun has returned, and the hunters find regularly established 
breathing-holes in the ice-field, the nets are stretched flat across the holes by cutting four holes 
round the adlu, and stretching the corners of the net out to these. Each hunter will have several 
nets set in this way and will visit them every day or two. 

When the " leads" of water opeu off shore in April, seals are always quite abundant there 
and the whaling umiaks usually catch a good many. They continue abundant all through the 
whaling season. Towards the end of June and through the month of July, when the ice, especially 
the level ice inshore, is growing rotten and wearing into holes, they begin to come up through these 
holes to sleep on the ice. They sleep however with extreme caution, waking up and raising their 
heads to see if all is safe every four or five minutes. They are so exceedingly shy at this season 
of the year that none of us ever succeeded in getting within decent rifle shot of one of them. 

There is considerable variation in the color of this species. Individuals were seen which were 
almost white, being quite unspotted on the belly, and there was a complete gradation from these 
to specimens like one noted on January 7, 1883, of which the following is a description : 

Ground color, blade, belly no lighter than the back. Marked all over with ring-like, sometimes 
8-shaped spots, white, numerous on the back, large and scattered on the belh~, small and thickly 
crowded on the upper breast and throat. Flippers and claws very black. 

10. ERIGNATHUS BARBATUa (Fabricius) Gil!. 

Bearded Seal {TJ'g'ru.) 

This species is far less common than the preceding (P.fcetkla), but is by no means rare, occur- 
ring even during the winter when the ice is broken. 

They are also occasionally killed at the " leads" of open water during the spring whaling, but 
are most abundant during the summer and autumn when the loose ice is running with the current, 
swimmiug around among the broken floes, and occasionally crawling out upon a cake to sleep. 
They almost invariably sink when shot at this season. Early in the season they are frequently 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 97 

seen closo inshore, especially where there is open water between the shore and the "land floe" or 
" barrier." 

The Eskimos pursue them in their umiaks with the rifle and walrus-harpoon provided with a 
shoreline and seal-skin floats, but did not capture many during our stay at the station. The skins 
are very highly prized for making umiak- covers, as they make a very fine and durable hide which 
is beautifully white. It takes six good-sized ug'ru-skins to cover one umialc. The hide is also used 
for making walrus-lines and also for boot-soles when whitewhale skin cannot be obtained. 

11. HISTRIOPHOCA FASCIATA (Zimm.) Gill. 

Ribbon Seal (Kaixo'lin). 

This is the first record of this species north of Bering Strait, but it can hardly be con- 
sidered as anything more than a straggler of somewhat regular occurrence at Point Barrow. 

It is, however, well known to the natives, who call it by a name which bears a striking resem- 
blance to the names " Karoluk " and " Kioluk," which the natives of Pond's Bay and Cumberland 
Inlet apply to Phoca grcenlandica, which animal would hardly be distinguished from this species 
by the Eskimos. 

The only individual we saw was a finely marked male, taken in a seal-net close to the village 
at Cape Smythe, November 21, 1881. Unfortunately, we knew nothing of the capture until sev- 
eral days afterward, when the hunter brought the skin over for sale. He had mutilated it by cut- 
ting off the nose and flippers, and we were unable to procure the skull. 

We heard of no more till the end of November, 18S2, when a native reported that he had 
killed one at a breathing hole, but that it was carried away by the current. None were seen at 
any of the great catches of Phoca fcetida during the winter of 1882, although all the natives, both 
at Cape Smythe and Point Barrow, were especially on the lookout for them. 

This species must be more abundant than is generally supposed on the Siberian coast of 
Bering Sea. Their skins are frequently to be seen among the seal-skin clothing worn by the 
American whalemen, which is procured at Plover Bay, Indian Point, and other places on the 
Siberian coast. 

12. ODOBiENUS OBESXJS (111.) Allen. 

Pacific Walrus (Aibiouk). 

Walruses are of rather frequent occurrence off Point Barrow during the season of open or 
partially open water, but are never very abundant. 

In the spring of 1882, one or two were reported by the natives as early as the end of May, out 
at the " lead " of open water, but in 1883 they were very much later. We heard of none until July 
3, when many old bulls were reported to be traveling up to the northeast at the " lead." 

During the summer herds are occasionally seen swimming among the broken ice outside of 
the barrier, or asleep on a large cake. 

They were quite plenty during the month of September, 1882, when there was much heavy 
loose ice from one to three miles off shore, moving rapidly with the current to the northeast. 
Many herds and solitary walruses floated up past the station on cakes of ice. We saw none 
returning, and none were seen or reported after September 28. 

They were rather more plenty outside the land-floe in 1S83 than they had been the preceding 
season, and the Eskimos had taken about a dozen up to the middle of August, pursuing them 
with the rifle and harpoon in their umiaks. 

During the autumn of 1881 the ice was a very long distance off from the shore, and conse- 
quently there were no walruses. On October 17, while the sea was still open, three walruses came 
swimming in towards the land close to the station. They appeared fatigued, as if they had come a 
long distance, and evidently wished to land on the beach, but were frightened away by the natives. 

The whalemen complain very much of the increasing scarcity of walrus on their usual walrus- 
hunting grounds, the ice-field just north of Bering Strait. Where they were formerly accustomed 
to get a hundred walrus a day by shooting on the ice, they now consider eighteen a good day's 
H. Ex. 41 13 



mm 



98 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

work. Not only Lave the walruses been killed off' by the indiscriminate slaughter which has been 
the custom, but they have grown cautious, aud have learned to withdraw to inaccessible parts of 
the ice holds, where they cannot be reached with a boat. This habit will go a good way towards 
preserving the species from utter extinction. 

There seems to be some diversity of opinion as to the ferocity of the Pacific Walrus. Capt. E. 
P. Herendeen, who has killed a great many walruses, especially when "hauled out" on the land, 
insists that he never saw one show fight, that they are only anxious to escape from their pursuers, 
and that the chase is attended with no danger, except sometimes from the blundering efforts of 
the animals to escape. 

Capt. L. C. Owen, on the other hand, one of the veterans of the whaling fleet, who commanded 
the first steam whaler in the Arctic, and who has probably had as much experience as any one iu 
shooting walruses on the ice, asserts that he has frequently been attacked by wounded walruses, 
and that his "dinghy" or walrus-boat has often been in great danger from their "pecking" at it, 
as he expressed it, with their tusks. 

13/OVIBOS MOSCHATUS (Gmel.) Blainv. 

Musk Ox (U'min mau). 

A skull of this animal was brought in by one of the trading parties from the eastward, just an 
we were gettiug ready to abandon the station. In the hurry and excitement of the time, we neg- 
lected to find out more accurately the locality from which it came. The party had been as far 
east as the mouth of the Colville, and the skull may have been brought from there. 

The natives knew the animal well, and called it by nearly the same name as the eastern 
Eskimos, but none had ever seen it alive. 

The skull obtained appeared very old and much weathered. 

14. OVIS MONTANA (?) Cuv. 

Mountain Sheep; Bighorn (I'mnea). 

The Eskimos had many implements, especially water dippers, made of Mountain Sheep horn, 
and there were a good many garments made of the skin which is especially used for trimming deer- 
skin clothes. 

Most of the horns and the skins were obtained by trade from the natives to the east and 
south. The Point Barrow natives were, however, well acquainted with the animal, and several 
of them said that they had killed them, a great way off to the eastward, in very high broken land 
(Romanzoff Mountains"?). 

I have called the species Ovis montana (?), because there is a question as to the species of 
Mountain Sheep inhabiting Alaska, and we obtained no specimen that could be identified. 

15. RANGIFER TARANDUS G-RCENLANDICTTS (Kerr). 

Reindeer (Tii'Mu). 

Pu'vniin, DUCK with large antlers; Kwlca, yeam-ixg cucic; Ku'Jauun, doe; Ainiin, old, hornless doe; No'xa, 

FAWN. 

Reindeer do not come down to the coast near Point Barrow in any large numbers. Straggling 
individuals and small parties are occasionally to be seen during the summer, wandering around the 
tundra and sometimes come down to the beach and the lagoons, especially on calm, sunny days 
when the flies are troublesome. 

Large herds have been seen down the coast, 25 or 30 miles from the station, and near the 
mouths of the rivers at the east, but only stragglers reach the Point. 

During the rutting season, in the latter part of October, a good many are to be seen roaming 
round a few miles inland, though they are very wild. The rutting bucks, however, are rather 
inclined to be curious and to come towards a man if he keeps perfectly still. Later in the winter, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 99 

from January on, they were "continually seen and reported, and their tracks and the places where 
they had scraped away the snow to get at the moss were frequently seen. 

The natives from the village go out on snow-shoes to hunt them, and when a herd of. deer is 
seen the hunter moves straight towards them at a rapid pace. When the deer begin to run the 
hunter runs after them as fast as he can, trying to keep them in sight. His pertinacity is gener- 
ally too much for the curiosity of the deer, and in a short time one or more of them will usually 
swerve from the line of flight and gradually circle back to sec what this is that is following them 
so closely. 

The hunter generally opens fire as soon as the deer gets within five or six hundred yards and 
keeps it up till he either kills the deer or frightens it out of range. Strange as it may seem, a 
good many deer are obtained in this way. The natives are very lavish of their ammunition, and 
by their reckless shooting have rendered the deer very wild. 

Most of the deer obtained by the natives, however, are killed along the valleys of the large 
rivers, Kuaru, Meade River, and Ikpikpung, which empty into the Arctic Ocean east of Point 
Barrow. 

Many of the natives go in to these rivers, 50 to 100 miles to the south and southeast, as soon 
as enough snow has fallen to make sledging practicable, and there remain camped in snow huts 
until the days grow too short for hunting. At this season the deer are quite plenty in this region, 
and go in large herds. Captain Herendeen describes the alluvial flats of Meade River as "looking 
like a cattle-yard" from their tracks. 

The Eskimos seem to be of the opinion that most of the deer leave this region and go further 
inland when the winter night sets in, returning about the first of February. 

The great season for deer hunting is in the months of February and March. With the return 
of the suu, about the last week in January, most of the natives of both villages start off for the 
rivers, and are to be found camped in small parties, consisting of two or three families, over a 
large extent of country. They stay until the end of March, or sometimes as late as the middle of 
April, and secure a good many deer. 

Two men who were hunting for the station in the spring of 18S3 killed upwards of ninety, while 
they were out. Most of these deer are shot with the rifle, but a few are still taken in pitfalls dug in 
the snow-drifts, as described by Captain Maguire, of the English depot-ship Plover, in his report 
of his first winter at Point Barrow, lS52-'53. 

A female killed January 30, 1883, contained a foetus about six inches long. Large numbers 
of well-developed embryos are brought in from the spring deer-hunt by the natives, who consider 
them a great delicacy. They are also very fond of the contents of the rectum. 

16. ELEPHAS ? sp. 

Mammoth (XiU'ghca), 

Much fossil ivory in a badly decayed condition is found on the sandbars of Meade River, and 
the natives have a good many implements of a much better quality of ivory. This, however, was 
probably obtained from the Nunatangmeun. 

The natives had many stories about bones of the Kiligwa, "the great dead reindeer"; "there 
are no longer any more on earth, only their bones remain." We endeavored to get some of the 
hunting parties to bring us in some of these bones, but we did not succeed in obtaining any. 

17. BELUGA sp. 

White Whale (Kile'lyua). 

White Whales were never very plenty near the station, but large schools occasionally passed 
up within sight of the shore during the season of open water. 

A school of a hundred or more passed up within 200 yards of the beach September 28, 1881, 
and then turned and went back again. There were many gray individuals in this school. 

The whaling umiaks captured one or two each season we were at the station, and each year as 
soon as there was open water between the land-floe and the beach a large herd passed up to the 
northeast. 



MMM 



100 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

About a week or ten days later another large herd of several hundred passed up each season, 
and these were all that were seen. 

The last herd in 1882 came close to the beach, and one was killed with a rifle. There was no 
opportunity to make a careful study of it or to obtain its complete skeleton, as it was immediately 
cut up for meat. The skull was unfortunately destroyed by the ice while being cleaned in the 
water by the sand-fleas. 

The following are the measurements of this specimen: 

ADUI.T FEMALE. 

Feot. Inches. 

From fork of tail to tip of lower jaw 12 8£ 

Girth behind flippers 7 4 

Breadth of tail , 2 6J 

Breadth between angle of lower jaw 1 

Length of head from ear 1 4 

Length of vulva 1 10 

Length of flipper 1 3 

Color, white, grayish on flukes and flippers, with a yellowish tinge on the back ; mammae 
opposite the lower third of the genital sulcus, which includes the anus ; mammary sulcus about 
two inches long; blubber thick. 

These animals are much prized by the natives, who value the skin very highly for making the 
finest quality of water-proof soles for their seal-skin boots. They are also sometimes used for mak- 
ing very fine walrus or whale lines. 

The flesh is quite palatable, though rather tasteless. 

18. MONODON MOKTOCBROS Linn. 

N AK ■ WH AL ( TlHJU liU ) . 

No living Narwhals were seen during our stay at Point Barrow, but we found the ivory in the 
possession of the natives. They recognized drawings of the animals, and said that they were occa- 
sionally seen and killed. The name is essentially the same as one of those applied by the Green- 
landers and eastern Eskimos to this animal. 

19. ORCA sp. 

Killer (A'xlo). 

The natives described a whale which they sometimes saw, and which was "bad" and had largo 
teeth. From the resemblance of the name to the ordinary Eskimo word for " Killer" I am inclined 
to believe that a species of Orca was meant. None were seen during our stay at the station. 

20. BALJBNA MYSTICETUS Linn. 

Polar Whale, "Bowhead" (A'W bwulc). 

AVhales' jawbones, skulls, and vertebrae are plenty— scattered along the shore and in the 
villages, where jawbones and ribs are used for staging timbers, and they are also sometimes found 
buried in the turf, indicating considerable age. There is also much decaying whalebone in the 
ruined iglus which have been laid open by the sea at Cape Smythe, pointing to the time when 
whalebone had no commercial value, and more was obtained than could be used for ordinary 
purpases in the village. 

About the middle of April, when the "leads " of open water begin to form off shore, the whales 
appear— a few stragglers at first, but gradually increasing in numbers— all traveling to the north- 
east even when the lead is much clogged with loose ice. Indeed, the whales seem to have learned 
that they arc much safer in the ice than in the open water, and may be heard "blowing" in the 
loose pack when there is plenty of open water for them to travel in. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 101 

The "run" lasts until about the 1st of July, after which, during the season of open water, 
there are no whales until about the middle or end of August, when they begin to "come cut," as 
the whalemen say, generally moving back at some distance from the shore. 

The whaling fleet generally catch a few whales in Bering Strait and outside of the ice early 
in the season, when they first come into the Arctic. They then endeavor to reach Point Barrow 
by the middle or end of July so as to meet the whales when they come out. 

Some ships work as far to the eastward of the point as the ice will permit and follow the 
■whales out. Many whales were taken in 1882 between Point Barrow and Return Beef. Other 
ships, if the whales do not appear soon after their reaching the point, turn back and go off to the 
western whaling in the neighborhood of Herald Island. The fall whaling is carried on as late as 
the ice will permit. In 1882 some of the ships staid in the neighborhood of Point Barrow until 
nearly the end of September. 

The season of 18S3 was very unfavorable for the whaling fleet. The ships were unable to get 
any distance east of the point, and although whales had been plenty in the spring migrations 
they did not begin to come out till the end of August, and then in comparatively small numbers. 
None of the ships accomplished much. 

The natives pursue the whales during the spring migrations, hauling their boats on sleds 
across the rough ice to the open water. About twenty umiaks, carrying each a crew of from eight 
to ten men, are fitted out for whaling from the two villages, and when there is open w r ater and any 
prospect of whales they spend all the time out at the edge of the " lead" on the lookout for whales 
while the women travel backwards and forwards with their food. 

Each boat is supplied with several harpoons,- to each of which is attached a short line and a 
pair of floats made of inflated seal-skins, and they endeavor to get so many of these floats fastened 
to the whale that he can no longer sink, when they paddle up and dispatch him. They formerly 
used stone-headed lances for this purpose, but are all now provided with regular steel whale lances, 
and many of them also have bomb-guns which they have bought of the whalemen or obtained 
from wrecks. 

They have also plenty of iron harpoons of the best pattern, but it was decided in 1883 that 
they would have no luck in whaling uuless the first harpoon darted at the whales was of the old- 
fashioned stone-headed kind, such as their grandfathers killed so many whales with. 

When the "lead" of water is narrow the whales are sometimes shot with a bomb-gun from the 
edge of the ice. 

As soon as a whale is killed it is towed to the edge of the solid icefloe, and there all hands — 
men, women, and children — go to work at once with "spades" and knives to cut off all the blubber 
and meat they can get at. The whale frequently sinks or is carried off by the current under the 
ice before they have succeeded in saving more than a portion of the blubber. Every one is enti- 
tled to all he can get of the blubber and " blackskiu," but the whalebone -(sJiukuk), which is the 
great staple of trade with the white men, is portioned out according to a regular rule. The crews 
of all the umiaks that were in sight at the time the whale was struck have an equal share of the 
whalebone. 

The "blackskin" mentioned above, which is the epidermis of the whale, and has been very 
often described, is considered as great a delicacy by these natives as it is by the eastern Eskimos. 
They would go anywhere or do anything to secure a feast of "muktuk," as they call it. 

It is the custom on most whaleships, when "boiling out" near shore, to allow the natives to 
come on board and cut off the blackskin, provided they do not take off too much blubber with it, 
and I have seen boat-loads carried off from one ship. They are also very fond of the tough, white 
gum round the roots of the whalebone, which goes by the name of " mum-ma." These are almost 
invariably eaten raw, for very few Eskimos would be able to wait for their muktulc to be cooked. 

They are not very expert or very bold in their whaling, and consequently do not capture many 
whales. Only three were killed in the two seasons we were there. Capt. L. 0. Owen, however, 
informs me that one season ten whales were taken by the boats of the two villages. 

In speaking of whales to the white men the Eskimos call them Pu'ahl, which is an attempt 
to pronounce the word "Bowhead." 



102 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

The stripped carcase of a female which drifted ashore September 1, 1882, was found to contain- 
a foetus about three feet long. 

21. SOREX FOR3TERI Rich. 

Foester's Shrew Mouse {Ug'ru'nu). 

A little Shrew which was brought home in alcohol and identified as this species was brought 
in by a native who had been off to Meade Paver on the spring deer hunt. This was the only one 
observed. 

22. MYODES OBENSIS Brant3. 

Tawny Lemming- (A'vwinu). 

This species, like the succeeding, though abundant around Point Barrow, is not equally plenty 
every season. We saw none in 1882, and none were brought in by the natives, who were in the habit 
of bringing in all sorts of birds and animals for sale. 

None were obtained until June 11, 1S83, when a good sized young one, probably born the year 
before, in full summer pelage, was picked up dead on the tundra. During the rest of June and 
in July they were often seen, and many were caught. Early in the season they were often found 
running in tunnels under snow-banks. 

This species and the next make shallow burrows and galleries in the tussocks of turf on the 
tundra, and spend a good deal of time under ground. 

A mother and seven blind young were taken June 27. 

23. CUNICXJLUS TORQUATUS (Pall.) Cones. 

Hudson's Bay Lemming- '{A 1 viomu). 

Like the last, this Lemming, though abundant, is not equally plenty every season. During 
the whole year of 1882 we did not see a single Lemming, although signs of them w T ere very plenty. 
The tundra was completely riddled with their galleries and burrows, and we occasionally saw 
tracks on the snow or mud. Their droppings, besides, were very thick in many places on the 
tundra, and the numerous owl's castings scattered over the tundra were made up almost wholly of 
Lemmings' skulls, bones, and hair. 

In 1883, the natives began to bring them in early in January, and all the rest of that season 
they were quite abundant. Their habits are quite the same as those of the Tawny Lemmings. In 
summer they are only to be seen when running from one gallery to another, and in winter their 
tracks generally lead to a burrow in the snow-bank. 

They are seldom seen in winter, except during drifting snowstorms, when the snow over their 
tunnels is probably blown away. This has given rise to a curious fancy among the Eskimos, who 
say that in stormy weather they come down from the sky, whirling around and running around in 
spirals as soon as they touch the ground. The first one we obtained was brought in, during a 
violent snowstorm, by a native, who informed us, " There are none here on the land. As it was 
bad weather he fell down from above." This superstition is interesting in connection with the 
notion of the Norwegians that the great hordes of Norway Lemmings come down from the clouds. 

They appeared to be spread over a pretty wide extent of country in 18S3, as we obtained 
specimens from near the station and from various deer-hunters' camps in the interior. . 

Up to April all the specimens taken were in winter pelage, but none of them were completely 
white, all showing faint rufous spots indicating the position of the ears, and usually more or less 
rufous suffusion on the back. The white, moreover, has a grayish cast, due to the fact, probably, 
that the tips of the hairs only are white, while the rest is a slaty gray. One specimen, taken in 
February, and, from its size, probably a young one of the preceding year, is much marked with 
gray and brownish on the back of the head and nape and between the shoulders. It has well- 
marked rufous ear-spots. A specimen taken in April can hardly be distinguished from this, though 
a little larger. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 103 

Specimens taken towards the end of April and in May show considerable darkening on the 
back and muck rufous on tbe sides, but we obtained none like those in the National Museum, which 
show the winter-coat partly shed, exposing the shorter bright-colored summer dress. 

All June specimens were in full summer pelage. 

24. SPERMOPHILUS 3MPETRA (Pall.) Allen. 
PARRY'S SPERMOPHILE (Sl'JiStu). 

This is only a straggler anywhere near the station, though the whalemen, who are in tbe habit 
of landing at Woody Inlet for wood and water, report it abundant in the neighborhood. The natives 
are well acquainted with it. 

We first noticed its tracks in the snow in May, 1883, and a single rutting male was killed 
running about on the high banks below Cape Smythe. 

25. LEPUS TIMIDUS ARCTICUS Allen. 

Polar Hare. 

There were absolutely none near the station, and the natives were unacquainted with the 
animals. Oapt. E. P. Herendeen, however, reports seeing traces of hares among the willows on 
Meade Eiver in March, 18S2. 

Just as we were on the point of abandoning the station in August, 1883, a party of Nunatang* 
menu Eskimos brought in half a dozen roughly-prepared skins of this species, showing the occur- 
rence of the animals somewhere in the Colville region. 



II.-BIRDS. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



The birds and eggs brought home by the expedition were collected, "with a few exceptions, 
within a circle of fifteen miles from the station, and, it is believed, give a tolerably complete rep- 
resentation of the bird-fauna of this limited region. This it will be seen is arctic in its character, 
with the addition of a few species like Somateria v-nigra, peculiar to the western parts of the con- 
tinent. The range of a few species heretofore recorded only from the eastern part of the continent 
has been found to extend to this point. 

The country in this region is a low slightly rolling tundra, interspersed with higher and drier 
patches, and covered with lakes and ponds of all sizes, sometimes connected by insignificant 
streams. The lower portions of the tundra are wet and marshy, and thickly covered with grass. 
On the higher portions the covering of grass is more scanty and the ground often bare, muddy, 
and black, partly covered with black and white mosses and lichens. 

This we were in the habit of calling the " black tundra," and it was the special breeding-ground 
of certain species of birds, for example the Golden Plover, while others were to be sought for in 
the marshy lowlands, and others again on tho dry grassy banks. 

The birds breeding in this region are two or three species of land-birds and most of the waders. 
The great majority of the water-birds, the ducks, gulls, &c, pass on to more favorable breeding- 
sites on the sandy islands fringing the northern shore of the continent, and on the banks of the 
great rivers running into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. 

Most of the birds and eggs were collected by the writer and Sergeant Middleton Smith, though 
valuable additions to the collections were made by Lieutenant Bay, Captain Herendeen, and other 
members of the party. 

The nomenclature employed is that of Bidgway's Catalogue (Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 21, 
1881), to which the numbers refer, and the Eskimo names have been appended wherever possible. 

[21.] SASICOLA CENANTHE (Linn.) Eechst. 
Stonechat (Sil'ksaxia), 

As Mr. Nelson remarks, this species appears to be very erratic in its occurrence in Northern 
Alaska, being quite common some seasons and wholly absent the next. 

Early in the spring migrations of 1882 we had these birds in comparative abundance near the 
station for a few days, but none remained to breed, and in the season of 18S3, though a careful 
lookout was kept for them, not a single one was noticed. 

Curiously enough, this alternation of seasons appears to have held good for the two preceding 
years. In 1880 Dr. Bean found them not uncommon from Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne, while 
Mr. Nelson, visiting the same region the following season, failed to find a single individual. 

The first one seen was taken May 19, 1882, when very little of the snow had melted and 
there were but a few patches of bare ground near the coast. It was a male, and feeding on the 
bare grassy spots uear the house, and was very shy. The stomach contained much digested 
material. 

104 



EXPEDITION TO POEST BARROW, ALASKA. 105 

For three days they were with us in considerable numbers, scattered along the edge of tlie 
tundra, not going' far inland, and exceedingly sliy. They appeared to be traveling towards the 
northeast. The sexual organs of the only female taken showed no signs of development, but a 
male was shot on the 22d with testes well enlarged. 

After this date they disappeared completely, and were not seen again during the season, or in 
the return migrations. 

The natives appeared unfamiliar with the bird, and gave it the name which we afterward found 
them to apply to the Redpolls, and, in fact, to all the little passerine birds, except the Snow-bunt- 
ings and Lapland Longspurs. 

157. COTILE RIP ARIA (Linn.) Boie. 

Bank Swallow. 

On the evening of July 29, 1S82, we were surprised to see a swallow flying round the station, 
but unfortunately failed to secure it, and it went off up the beach. 

Swallows were seen again on the 31st and on August 10 flying round the station and going off 
up the beach. The last time they were pretty well recognized as this species. 

No more were seen alive, but earty in September one was picked up on the beach dead and 
frozen, but unfortunately too much dried up for skinning. It was, however, preserved in alcohol 
and is the only representative of the species in our collection. 

A party of natives, who were with us when the bird was picked up, failed to recognize it as 
anything they had ever seen before. 

These birds were undoubtedly stragglers from the Yukon region, where they breed in great 
numbers, which, after the cares of raising their brood were over, had drifted carelessly further and 
further north, following the flies and the sunshine till they reached this extreme point. 

178a. iSGIOTHUS CANESCENS EXILIPES (Coues) Ridgw. 

White-bumped Redpoll (Su'ltsaxia). 

This species appears to be not common, and rather irregular in its occurrence at Point Barrow. 

Early in June, 18S2, the natives spoke of seeing Sulcsaxia and promised to secure them for 
us. Accordingly on the 13th a lad brought in three eggs with the female, snared on the nest. 

These were the only eggs secured, and we obtained or saw very few birds. Those that were 
seen appeared to have a preference for the muddy banks and gullies of the " black tundra," and 
the neighborhood of the village. None were noticed after July 3, and none were seen or reported 
in the season of 1883. 

The season of 1881 must have been one of unusual abundance for this bird, as Mr. Nelson 
(Arctic Cruise of the Revenue Steamer Cor win, 1881) speaks of finding it one of the commonest birds 
at Point Barrow. It certainly was not common in 1882. Nor did JElgiothus linaria, which he 
speaks of finding in the same localities, occur at all in either of the two seasons that our station 
was occupied. 

186. PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS (Linn.) Meyer. 

Snow-bunting- (Amau'Uga). 

This and the next species Avere our commonest passerine birds; in fact, the only ones which 
coidd be said to be at all common. 

Our first warning of spring, before the snow had fairly begun to show sigr* of melting, was 
always the appearance of the little Amauliga hopping and twittering around the wind-blown 
spots and the cook's refuse heap, a little explorer, come on to spy out the land far ahead of the 
main body of the migration. 

In 1882 the first Snow-bunting and the first bird of the year, a male in full breeding plumage, 

appeared on Easter Sunday, April 9, a pleasant and warm day for the season. The snow had not 

really begun to melt, but the ground had blown bare near the house and there had perhaps been 

a little melting on the sunny side of the hillocks, where the little fellow was running and picking. 

H. Ex. 44 14 



10(3 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 

They were a little later the next season. The natives reported seeing one or two at Point 
Barrow April 1G, hut we saw none near the station till the 19th. Stragglers continued to arrive 
through April and May, but they were not really plenty either season till about May 20. 

They began to sing about the middle of May, and by the 23d or 24th were well established and 
in full song. 

Three or four pairs made their home near .the station, and several more in the village, while 
the rest were scattered along the edge of the tundra, but few going any distance inland. They 
especially affected the broken muddy banks and gullies below the village and along the shore of 
the lagoons, and the cook's refuse heap was from the first a great attraction. 

The males spend a great deal of time singing perched on the highest point they can find. The 
ridge-poles of our buildings and the wind-vane were favorite resorts for these jolly little singers. 
They continued singing until about the first week in July. 

Early in June they begin to build in holes and crevices in the banks, where the nest is always 
completely concealed, raising occasionally, at any rate, two broods in the season. The full coinple- 
rueut of eggs appears to be six, though I found one nest containing seven eggs in 1883. 

In 1882 one pair established themselves in a hogshead of bricks close to the station, unfortu- 
nately too much exposed to the curiosity of the Eskimo children, who caught and killed the male 
bird just as the female had completed her full set of eggs. ' Of course under the circumstances the 
nest and eggs were added to our collection. Nothing daunted, the female immediately secured 
another mate and went to -work on a new nest, but was again doomed to disappointment, for when 
she had finished her second nest and laid two eggs she was again robbed by the natives. We 
succeeded, however, in protecting the third nest, and the young hatched and were beginning to 
fly by the end of July, by which time earlier broods were already pretty well grown. During the 
early part of July, after the males have ceased singing, they keep together in broods, and keep 
pretty well out of sight, as they are beginning to moult and take on the fall plumage. About July 
25, however, they appear in considerable numbers, mostly young of the year in the gray plumage, 
associating with the young Lougspurs around the empty village and about the native camps. 
They continue quite abundant in large loose flocks, generally through August, gradually becom- 
iug scarcer in September. The last one was seen in 1882, on September 20. We left them still 
comparatively plenty when we abandoned the station in 1883. 

187. CENTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (Linn.) Caban. 

Lapland Long-spur (Nessaiidliga). 

The Lougspurs, though, if anything, more abundant than the last species, arrive later and 
depart earlier. They arrived both seasons at very nearly the same date, and were equally abundant. 

Ou May 20, 1S82, which was a comparatively warm day with a fresh southwest wind, they 
suddenly appeared in considerable numbers, having probably arrived during the night, apparently 
all males, in full song. 

They were to be found on all the bare spots on the tundra, near the station, along the coast, and 
near the cemetery at the head of the lagoon. Several were secured, and their stomachs were 
found to containbeetles. The sexual organs were fully developed. They were rather less abundant 
early in the season of 18S3, as there was much less bare grouud than the year before at the time of 
their arrival, May 21. 

Though abundant a short distance inland, these birds were seldom seen around the station or 
along the edges of the beach and the lagoons, like the Snow-buntings. In accordance with what 
appears to be their general habit elsewhere, they are specially to be looked for on the higher and 
drier parts of the tundra, where the nest is built in the grass, and not concealed in holes or crevices, 
like those of the snow-buntings. 

During the breeding season, that is, from the time of their arrival till July 1, the males keep 
up a continual song, frequently soaring up and singing in the air like a bobolink. Their note at 
other times is a metallic chirp, not unlike that of the Titlark. 

Notwithstanding the lateness of the season in 1883, a complete set of six eggs, already showing 
signs of incubation, was found on June 6, a week earlier than in 18S2. This nest was the only one 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 107 

found on a mud-bank, and partially concealed by a clod, though not so completely as a Snow-bunt- 
ing's nest would have been. They appear to raise sometimes two broods in a season, as a nest has 
been found as late as June 21 containing only two eggs. We never found more than six eggs in 
any nest of this species, and sets of five were frequently found far advanced in incubation. 

The first newly-hatched young were noticed about the middle of June. Like the Snow-buntings 
they keep themselves pretty well out of sight during the first half of July, but from then through 
August appear in considerable numbers, congregating with the Snow-buntings round the village 
and native camps. The young, some of which are fully fledged by the middle of July, gather in 
large loose flocks, and appear to remain later than the adults. They go off gradually near the 
latter part of August, and were last seen in 1882 on the 4th of September. We left them still 
quite abundant in 18S3, when we abandoned the station. 

207a. ZONOTRICHIA G-AMBELI INTERMEDIA Ridgw. 

Intermediate White-crowned Sparrow. 

This bird, which is common in the Yukon region and on the lower Mackenzie, occurs at Point 
Barrow only as a straggler. A single individual, which Mr. Eidgway has identified as the young 
of the year of this species, was caught in one of the tents at the station September 14, 1883, a 
solitary instance to be compared with the northward autumnal wanderings of the Bank-swallows. 

217. JUNCO HYBMALIS (Linn.) Scl. 

Black Snowbird (SiVksaxia). 

This is another straggler from the Yukon region and the wooded interior of Alaska, where 
Mr. Ball found it not uncommon during his stay at Nulato. 

The solitary instance of its occurrence near Point Barrow was on May 24, 1883, when a male, 
apparently ready to breed, was taken not far from our station. 

406. NYCTEA SCANDIACA (Linn.) Newt. 

Snowy Owl (ffkpik). 

This bird may be fairly considered a resident of these regions, although in the depths of the 
winter it retreats with the ptarmigan back to the " deer country," that is, the valleys of the large 
rivers running into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. 

Its abundance in the spring and summer near the coast appears to depend on the presence or 
absence of its favorite food, the Lemming, as has been noted elsewhere by Mr. Nelson. 

During the season of 1882 we saw no Lemmings, though signs of their presence in the shape 
of droppings, and their skulls and skeletons in owl's castings, were numerous all over the tundra. 
During that season we saw but very few owls. On the other hand, in 1883, Lemmings were exceed- 
ingly plenty all round the station, and owls were proportionately abundant; scarcely a day passed 
without one or more being seen sitting on the tundra, generally on the top of a bank or small 
knoll, on the lookout for Lemmings. 

They were exceedingly shy and watchful, and, though seen and pursued nearly every day, only 
two were taken. 

One of these made a regular habit of coming every afternoon at about the same time and set- 
tling himself in plain sight of the station on the opposite bank of the lagoon. For nine days ho 
came regularly, and afforded much sport to several members of our party, who would go out regu- 
larly to capture him with rifle or shotgun, and as regularly return baffled. He was at last secured 
by two men, one of whom attracted his attention while the other managed to creep up within gun- 
shot under cover of a bank. 

These birds showed no signs of breeding while in our neighborhood. Some of the Eskimos 
said they 'could get the eggs from a camping-ground towards the southwest, but they failed to 
do so. 



108 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 

412b. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO SACER (Forst.) Ridgw. 

McFarlane's Gyrfalcon (Ki'driffumtfi). 

The only hawk, obtained by the expedition has been identified by Mr. Bidgway as this form, 
and was taken at the station, where he had alighted on the flagstaff', iu the autumn of 1S82. 
Hawks were occasionally seen during both seasons, 18S2 and 1S83, but were always very wild and 
difficult to approach. Occasionally they were seen close enough to be recognized as Gyrfalcon?, 
probably of the same form as the one captured. 

The natives say that they are abundant on the rivers flowing into the Arctic Oceau, where 
they feed on young wild-fowl and ptarmigan. They say they breed " umasiJcsu, n "a long way off." 
One man said that he had seen the nest and eggs. 

449. AQUILA CHRYSiETUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Ridgw. 

Golden Eagle {Tinmiukpulc). 

We never saw this bird alive during our stay at Point Barrow, and it is only included iu this 
list because we obtained a native-made skin from some natives who went last summer to the east- 
ward of the Colville Eiver, where they secured the bird. 

There were one or two other skins in the two villages, where they were in great repute as talis- 
mans or charms for securing good luck in whaling. There were also many wing and tail feathers 
among the natives, who use them as ornaments to their fur jackets. 

474. LAGOPUS ALBUS (Gm.) And, 

Willow Ptarmigan (Alcu'dagm). 

This species is resident but never very plentiful. Tracks were always to be seen on the snow 
during the winter, but the birds themselves were less often seen, while they were frequently seen 
in pairs during £he breeding season, though the nest was never found. 

They were always wild and difficult of approach, so that comparatively few were obtaiued. 
They were found to be quite abundant among the willow shrubs inland along the rivers, and Lieu- 
tenant Eay found them numerous at the mouth of Meade Eiver, May 1. 

An occasional male begins to show traces of brown feathers about the head and neck as early 
as the first week in April, and the change is very gradual. 

The last that was seen (July 10) still showed a considerable amount of white in the plumage, 
and it is possible that the change is never complete. The females taken all appeared more com- 
pletely changed than the males. 

We found the meat as tasteless and insipid as other observers have found it. 

These birds in the fall were occasionally seen sitting on the broken ice along the beach. 

475. LAGOPUS RUPESTRIS (Gm.) Leach. 
Eock Ptarmigan (AkxVdagin). 

The Eock Ptarmigan is a much less plentiful resident than the foregoing, from which the 
natives do not distinguish it. 

As far as we could judge its habits are the same. One or two were obtained, one a female, 
which had evidently bred not far from the station, though the nest was not found. 

509. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (Linn.) Illig. 

Turnstone (TuU'gua). 

This species was found to be decidedly scarce, both years, during the spring migrations aud the 
breeding season. We occasionally saw one or two inland, but were unable to secure any till about 
the 10th or 11th of July, at which time they appeared at Perguiak, straggling adults, who had fin- 
ished breeding and were beginning to molt. Early in August, the youug appeared in considerable 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 109 

numbers along the coast, near the station and round the muddy puddles in the village, and were 
quite abundant for two or three weeks. 

They were exceedingly tame, and for several nights in the middle of August, 1882, three or four 
came round the hack door and the cook's refuse heap, making themselves perfectly at home, and 
allowing one to approach within a few feet of them before they took flight. 

Towards the end of August they grew scarcer, and finally disappeared, in 1882, about the 30th. 

As the Black Turnstone (8. melanoccphala) is such a common bird in the Yukon region and south 
of Bering Strait generally, one would naturally expect to find it at Point Barrow, particularly 
as Mr. Nelson reports it from Wrangel Island. Nevertheless, during the two seasons of our stay 
at Point Barrow, we did not obtain the slightest evidence of its occurrence in the region. 

513. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (Linn.) Cuv. 

Blaok-bellied Plover (Ki-raion). 

This plover is quite rare. It was occasionally seen and heard in the season of 1882, but none 
were noticed the next summer, and none were secured. 

The natives are perfectly familiar with the bird, and use the dried skins as amulets or talismans 
to secure good luck in deer-hunting. 

Two such skins tied to a stick represent the species in our collection. The natives told us this 
bird would arrive later than the Golden Plovers, and this appeared to be the case. 

515. CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS Mull. 

American Golden Plover (Tu'dlin.) 

A large series of Golden Plovers collected at Point Barrow, where they are among the com- 
monest waders, all proved upon careful examination, to belong to this species. It is probable that 
C. dominions fulvus does not range so far north on the American coast. 

Indeed, Mr. Nelson's note of the occurrence of this form on Wrangel Island seems to me to bo 
rather doubtful, as from his account the bird was only seen and not captured, rendering identifi- 
cation amost impossible. 

They are among the earlier waders to arrive, as stragglers generally appear about the 20th to 
the 25th of May, before there is much bare ground. In 1882 a small party in full breeding plu- 
mage, and apparently all males, arrived May 21, but no more arrived until June 11. The tundra, 
was at this time bare only along the edge of the beach, and the ice and snow was not yet gone 
from the lagoons. 

This party remained in nearly the same place for a couple of weeks, feeding on small red worms 
which they found in marshy spots, and all but two of them were taken, although they were very wild. 

Along through the first and second week in June they continue to arrive in small parties, and 
from that time on are quite plenty scattered in pairs and threes all over the tundra. They are 
very wild and difficult to approach, and very noisy. In addition to their ordinary well-known call- 
note, they have in the breeding season a loud but very melodious crv of " Tud'ling !" many times 
repeated, uttered as the bird flies along rather high, with long slow strokes of the wings. 

They were evidently nesting both seasons before June 20, but neither season were we able to 
find the nest before the 22d or 23d. The nest is exceedingly hard to find, although it is not con- 
cealed at all, but is simply a depression in the bare black clayey tundra lined with a little dry 
moss. The only vegetation on this part of the tundra is white and grayish moss, which harmonizes 
so extraordinarily with the peculiar blotching of the eggs that it is almost impossible to see them 
unless one knows exactly where to look. A favorite nesting site is on the high banks of the gul- 
lies or small streams. No nests were ever found in the grass or in swampy ground. 

The sitting birds show great solicitude when disturbed, feigning lameness, and trying to attract 
one away from the nest. They are shrewd enough always to keep quite a distance from the nest, 
as long as the collector is anywhere in the vicinity of it, and it is simply time wasted to attempt to 
find the nest by looking for it, as I know by hard experience. The only way to make sure of the 



110 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

eggs is to withdraw some distance, and sifc down patiently and wait for tbe bird to go back to ber 
eggs, watching ber if necessary with a field-glass. Having marked her on to the nest, one must 
walk towards it in a straight line, looking neither to the right nor the left and keeping his eyes 
fixed upon the spot she rises from. He is then pretty sure of the eggs. However, the surface of 
the tundra is so uniform that a careless glance to one side or the other after the bird is flushed 
may throw the collector wholly off the track, and then he has to go back and wait for the bird to 
return again. 

Both males and females take a share in the incubation. In 1882 the sitting bird was fre- 
quently secured with the eggs, and in every case turned out to be a male; but in 1883 a number of 
sitting females were taken, and finally, in one or two cases, both parents were taken with the eggs, 
and both males and females had their breasts bare, as if incubating. 

The nesting season continues till the first or middle of July, about which time the adults begin 
to collect in flocks, feeding together around the ponds on the higher tundra, associated sometimes 
with a few Knots or a straggling Curlew. 

The old birds leave for the south about the end of July, and no more Plovers are to be seen 
till about the middle of August, when the young, who heretofore have been keeping out of sight, 
scattered over the tundra, gather into flocks, and for several days are quite plenty on the dryer 
hills and banks, after which they depart. Stragglers may he seen up to the end of August. 

528a. MACRORHAMPHTJS GRISETJS SCOLOPACEUS (Say) Coues. 

Red-bellied Snipe; Geeatek Geay-back. 

A few of these birds bred near the station, but they are decidedly rare during the breeding 
season. The young of the year, however, appear in large flocks about the middle of August and 
stay for a few days about the small ponds on the tundra, especially on the high land below Cape 
Sin v the. 

At this season they are rather plenty, and when feeding associate with the young Dunlins and 
Grass-birds. They were much less abundant in 18S3 than they were the previous season. 

The nest was never found, although a pair were taken June 28, 1883, that were evidently nest- 
ing, as both had their breasts plucked and bare, showing that, as in the case of the Golden Plover, 
the male does his share of the work of incubation. 

In the spring of 1882 a native boy brought in a female of this species, and what, he said, were 
the eggs. This was accepted without question at the time, although the eggs seemed rather small 
for the size of the bird. 

A further acquaintance with the eggs of some of the smaller waders led to considerable 
doubt, which was justified by comparison of the set with authentic eggs of this species in the 
National Museum. 

The eggs are certainly not those of this species, but closely resemble those of the Dunlin. 
The bird appears but little known to the natives, and as usual in such cases we had various 
names applied to it. Many thought it was a Northern Phalarope (Sabraiina). 

529. TRING-A CANUTUS Linn. 

Knot; Robin Snipe (Tiia-icia). 

The Knot appears to be quite rare about Point Barrow. Only a few of the natives to whom 
one was shown recognized it and had a name for it. 

In the season of 1883 only one was seen, appearing with a rather large flight of small waders. 
They were rather more abundant during the preceding season, and evidently bred somewhere in 
the vicinity, as a female was taken on July 11, with full-sized yolks in her ovaries. The nest, 
however, was never found. 

The adults were not seen after July 5, and not one of the young appeared in the flocks of 
young waders in the fall. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. Ill 

534. ACTODROMAS MACULATA (Vieill.) Coues. 

Pectoral Sandpiper (Aibvmkia = Walrus-bird). 

Though, this species is very common over the whoie continent, and in fact over the greater 
part of the world, its eggs and breeding habits have hitherto been undescribed.* Wo had the 
good fortuue to find them breeding in considerable abundance in the neighborhood of the station, 
and were able to bring home a good series of authentic eggs. 

It is one of the commonest of our waders, occurring all over the tundra in all sorts of situa- 
tions, though never found on the beach. 

There is frequently a great disparity of size between the two sexes. A comparison of the 
large series we collected shows that the average length of the female is about three-quarters of an 
inch less than that of the male, but that the smallest adult female was fully an inch and a half 
shorter than the largest male. The difference in size is so marked that the natives noticed it and 
insisted that the small females were not Aibwukia, but Niwiliwilulc {Ereunetes xmsilhis). 

They arrive about the end of May or early in June, and frequent the small ponds and marshy 
portions of the tundra along the shore, sometimes associated with other small waders, especially 
with the Burl-breasted Sandpipers on the high banks of Nuuava. Early in the season they are 
frequently in large-sized flocks feeding together around and in the Eskimo village at Cape Smythe, 
but later become thoroughly scattered all over the tundra. 

They begin pairing soon after their arrival, and are frequently to be seen chasing each other 
in the air with a loud chatter. The male has a curious habit at this season of the year. The skin 
of the throat is much distended and loaded with slimy fat, and can be puffed out like the throat 
of a pouter pigeon. During the breeding season, that is from the first of June to the first of July, 
the male may frequently be seen taking short, low flights, with the wings held high and beaten 
stiffly, while the throat is puffed out to its fullest extent, and the bird utters a most peculiar 
muffled hoot <'hoo, hoo, hoo, hoo, 1 ' many times repeated. There is something ventriloquial about 
the sound, which makes it seem as if uttered by some creature a long distance off, and it was some 
time before we could be certain that it was the Pectoral Sandpipers that were making the noise. 
This hoot is only uttered on the wing as far as I was able to observe, though the males may be 
often seen to puff out their throats as they sit on the little knolls. 

They get their native name "Aibicukia," the " walrus bird," from this habit of swelling out their 
throats, like u AibwiVc, v the walrus. 

After the breeding season, they keep very quiet and retired, like the rest of the waders, and 
the adults appear to slip quietly away without collecting into flocks, as soon as the young arc able 
to take care of themselves. 

As soon as the young have assumed the complete fail plumage, that is about the 10th of 
August, they gather in large flocks with the other young waders, especially about the small ponds 
on the high land below Cape Smythe, and stay for several days before they take their departure for 
the south. Stray birds remain as late as the first week of September. 

The nest is always built in the grass, with a decided preference for high and dry localities like 
the banks of gulleys and streams. It was sometimes placed at the edge of a small pool, but always 
in grass and in a dry place, never in the black clay and moss, like the Plover and Buff-breasted 
Sandpipers, or in the marsh, like the Phalaropes. The nest- was like that of the other waders, a 
depression in the ground lined with a little dry grass. 

All the complete sets of eggs we found contained four. The following is a description of the 
eggs, obtained from the examination of eighteen sets. They are pointedly pyriform like those of 
the other small waders. 

*Since the above was written, Mr. E.W. Nelson, formerly United States Signal Service observer at Saint Michael's, 
Alaska, has published (Auk, Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 218-224) an excellent detailed account of the breeding habits of this 
species, as observed by him in the delta of the Yukon. His observations agree very closely with ours, except that 
he observed the male bird "hooting" while on the ground. The observations of Dr. Adams, quoted by Mr. Nelson, 
had escaped my notice as well as his. The note, however, merely states that drawings made by Dr. Adams, and 
representing the rualo bird with his throat puffed out, were exhibited at a meeting of the Zoological Society, so that 
to Mr. Nelson belongs the credit of first making and publishing complete observations on the subject. 



112 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

The following measurements, in inches, indicate the size, shape, and limits of variation : 1.58 
by 1.06 ; 1.44 by 1.11 ; 1.42 by 1.08 ; 1.54 by 1.02. 

In color and markings tbey closely resemble the eggs of the other small waders. The ground 
color is drab, sometimes with a greenish tinge, though never so green as in the egg of P. alpina 
nmericana and sometimes a pale bistre-brown. The markings are blotchings of clear umber brown, 
varying in intensity, thickest and sometimes confluent around the larger end, smaller and more 
scattered at the smaller end. Some of the eggs with brown ground are thickly blotched all over. 
A single egg in one set of four has the markings almost as tine as in A. bairdi, but the egg is 
larger and has not the characteristic ruddy hue. All the eggs have the usual shell markings of 
pale purplish gray and light neutral tint. 

The eggs may be distinguished from those of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper, which they closely 
resemble, by their warmer color. 

Most of the eggs obtained were collected in 1883. The first nest was taken on June 20, a 
full set of eggs slightly incubated. Although eggs were found to contain large embryos as early 
as June 28, perfectly fresh eggs were found July 6, and the last eggs brought in, July 12, 
contained only small embryos. 

536. ACTODHOMAS FUSCICOLLIS (Vieill.) Ridgw. 

Bonaparte's Sandpiper (Kai'nialu). 

This is the first record of the occurrence of this species west of the Mackenzie Bivcr region, 
where McFarlane found it breeding, and it appears to be hardly more than a straggler at Point 
Barrow. 

It was not observed in the spring of 1882, and an accident revealed its presence in 1883. A 
shot fired June G into a flock of Pectoral Sandpipers brought down one of these birds along with 
four or five of the other species, 

After this, of course, a careful lookout was kept for this species, but only one other was seen, 
just a month later, alone on the tundra. The bird was also secured. Both were males and appar- 
ently breeding birds. 

537. ACTODROMAS BAIRDI Coues. 

Baird's Sandpiper (Ai'bw4Ma). 

Though this little sandpiper is by no means uncommon, the natives seem to make no dis- 
tinction between it and A. maculata, calling both by the same name. 

They arrive about May 30, while there is still a good deal of snow remaining on the tundra, 
and are usually to be found along the edgesof the pools at the top of the beach. After the tundra 
becomes clear of snow, they retreat back from the beach and are especially to be looked for on dry 
grassy portions of the tundra, particularly along the shores of our lagoon. 

They are never very common and always solitary or in pairs, a quiet retiring little bird that 
never indulges in any of the conspicuous breeding antics noticed among the other waders. 

The nest was always well hidden in the grass, and never placed in marshy ground or on the 
bare black parts of tundra, and consists merely of a slight depression in the ground thinly lined 
with dried grass. All the eggs we found were obtained from the last week in June to the first 
week of July, a trifle later than the other waders. 

The sitting female when disturbed exhibits the greatest solicitude, running about with droop- 
ing outspread wings, and loud outcry, and uses every possible wile to attract the intruder from 
the eggs. 

The nest is so well concealed, and forms so inconspicuous an object that the only practical way 
to secure the eggs is to withdraw to one side and allow the sitting bird to return, carefully marking 
where she alights. Having done this on one occasion and failing to find the eggs, after flushing 
the bird two or three times, I discovered that I had walked on the eggs, though I had been look- 
ing for them most carefully. 

They leave after the breeding season in the same unobtrusive way that they have conducted 
themselves during all their stay, never collecting into flocks. We saw them occasionally during July. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 113 

539a. PELIDNA ALFINA AMERICANA Cass. 

Eedbacked Sandpiper (Mc'a-lmpin.). 

This species is common and breeds abundantly, although the nest is exceedingly hard to find, 
as the nesting birds are very wary and use every possible strategem to mislead one while looking 
for the eggs. 

They arrive about the end of May. In 18S2 they first appeared above tlie station in small 
flocks associating with the Golden Plovers, but the next spring the snow was slow in going off 
from tbis part of the tundra, and they were first noted below the village. 

Some of them, perhaps, arrive paired, but the majority are pairing soon after their arrival, to 
judge by their actions. They scatter in pairs and threes all over the tundra, where there is still at ' 
this time a good deal of snow, and chase each other with much noise, taking wing suddenly without 
cause for alarm. 

One will occasionally "set" his wings while in the air and soar for some distance, uttering a 
note quite different from the usual hoarse, rolling call. 

As the tundra gradually clears of snow, they become more scattered and spread farther inland, 
deserting the shores of the beach lagoons, although they hardly confine themselves as much to the 
dry portions of the tundra as the Baird's Sandpipers are in the habit of doing. 

Their rolling call through June is to be heard all day and every day, and reminds one of the 
notes of the frogs in New England in spring. In fact, some members of the party came home the 
first spring convinced that they had heard the frogs piping. 

The nest, which is like that of all the rest of the waders, is always placed in the grass, some- 
times in dry and sometimes in rather swampy places, but never on the black tundra or on the 
isthmuses between the ponds like the Phalaropes. 

The eggs were first described from the Mackenzie region, by Eichardson (Fauna Boreali- 
Americana, II, 3S3), but appear to be still little known in collections. 

Both parents share in the work of incubation, though we happened to obtain more males than 
females with the eggs. 

The young are pretty generally hatched by the first week in July, and both adults and young 
keep pretty well out of sight till the first of August, when they begin to show about the lagoons 
and occasionally about the beach, many of the young birds still downy about the head. 

The autumn flight of young birds appears about the middle of August, associating with the 
young A. maculata and M. griseus scolopaccus, in good- sized flocks, particularly about the pools 
on the high tundra below Cape Smythe. 

They continue plenty in these localities, sometimes appearing along the beach, for about a 
week, when the greater part of them depart, leaving only a few stragglers that stay till the first 
few days of September. 

540. PELIDNA SUBARQUATA (Guld.) Cut. 

Curlew Sandpiper. 

The Curlew Sandpiper has never been before noted as occurring anywhere in America except 
upon the Atlantic coast, where it is a rare straggler. 

I had the good fortune to capture a male in full breeding plumage, the only one seen, on June 
0, 1883. It was in company with a good-sized flock of Actodromas maculata. 

541. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linn.) Cass. 

Semipalxated Sandpiper (Niwilucilak). 

This species is a regular and fairly abundant fall visitor at Point Barrow, coming apparently 
from the east in large flocks. 

None were seen either season during the spring migrations or the breeding season, but about 
the end of July they appeared in large numbers, arriving at Pergniak first and spreading down 
the coast. 

H, Ex. 44 15 



114 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

They were then quite abundant for two or three clays about the village ponds and in the 
village itself, and a few stragglers staid on until the middle of August. 

Though a great many of them were shot, no adults were found either season. 

544. LXMOSA LAPPONICA NOV-ffi-ZEALANDLSJ Gray, 

Pacific Godwit. 

This species, which is an abundant summer resident at the Yukon mouth and Saint Michael's, 
where it breeds, only occurs at Point Barrow as a straggler after the breeding season, appearing 
in August with the flocks of young MacrorJiamplius, Pelidna, &c. 

It is probably a quite regular though rare visitor, as we saw a few both in 1882 and 1883. 
Nevertheless, the natives appeared not well acquainted with the bird. Some called it "Tura- 
tura" (Nutnenim borealis), while others thought it was "Sabramua" (Lobipes liyperboreus). 

The two that were obtained were both young of the year. 

This bird has not been previously recorded from the American coast north of Bering Strait. 

556. TRY2TGHTES RUPESCENS (Vieill.) Caban. 
BTJFP-BEEASTED SANDPIPER (NudlllCiyu). 

This is an abundant summer resident, and was more plenty in the season of 1883 than it was 
the year before. 

They arrived both seasous in a body at about the same date (June 6 to 8), and were first seen 
on the dry banks below the village feeding greedily on the flies and beetles which were out sun- 
ning themselves. 

By the middle of June they had spread pretty well over the dryer parts of the tundra, both 
above and below the station. They were never seen on the lower marshy portions of the tundra, 
but always confined themselves to the high and dry banks, or what we called the black tundra. 

The eggs, as might be inferred from their colors, are laid in the latter locality, as a rule, where 
they harmonize very well with the black and white of the ground and moss. We were unable to 
find the nest in 1S82, but the nest spring we collected the eggs in considerable abundance. Like 
the rest of the waders they build no nest, but deposit the four eggs, small end down, in a shallow 
depression in the ground lined with a little moss. Pour is the usual number of eggs in a complete 
set, though we collected one set of five. 

During the greater part of the breeding season, that is, from the time they arrive till the end 
of June, the males indulge in curious antics, which we had frequent opportunity of observing. 

A favorite trick is to walk along with one wing stretched to its fullest extent and held high in 
the air. I have frequently seen solitary birds doing this apparently for their own amusement, when 
they had no spectators of their own kind. Two will occasionally meet and "spar" like fightiug 
cocks for a few minutes and then rise together like "towering" birds, with legs hanging loose, for 
about thirty feet, then drifting off to leeward. A single bird will sometimes stretch himself up to 
his full height, spread his wings forward, and puff out his throat, making a sort of clucking noise, 
while one or two others stand by and apparently admire him. They are very silent, even during 
the breeding season. When they first arrive they are to be found associating with Aetodromas 
niaculata for a few days. After the breeding season they disappear gradually, never gathering 
into flocks, but quietly slipping away, and none are to be seen after the first week iu August. 

060. NU3MEMIUS BOREALIS (Porst.) Lath 

Eskimo Curlew {Turd-turd). 

This is a rather irregular summer visitor and by no means common, although well known to 
the natives. In the spring of 1SS2 it was the first wader to arrive, but in 1883 we saw none at all. 

Two flocks of about twelve each arrived on May 20, when there was still much snow on tho 
tundra and in the lagoons, moving up the beach towards the northeast. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA. 115 

No others were seen till the first week in July, when two were noticed, one associating with a 
flock of Golden Plovers and Knots. One taken at the time was already molting. 

563. PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linn.) Bp. 

Bed Piialarope (>Sdbra n ). 

One of the commonest birds, remaining till late in October, when the sea begins to close. 

They arrive early in. June in considerable numbers, and already paired, in full breeding plumage. 

•As with Phalaropes generally, the female is the larger and brighter bird of the pair. We found 

it hard to make the natives believe that she was not the male. Dissection, actually showing the 

eggs in the ovary, was necessary before they would admit the fact. 

The whole duty of raising and taking care of the brood after the eggs are laid, falls upon the 
males, who hatch the eggs and take care of the young brood, while the female spends her time 
away feeding. We never found a female sitting on eggs, or took one with her breast plucked. It 
was invariably the male bird that was started off the eggs. 

When these birds first arrive the sea is still closed, and the birds make themselves at home 
especially round the small ponds. As the snow melts away, they spread out over a greater extent 
of country, but never go far from the sea, and are always to be found in the wetter grassy portions 
of the tundra, particularly back of the beach lagoons, where they nest in large numbers. 

The nest is always in the grass, never in the black or mossy portions of the tundra, and 
usually in a pretty wet situation, though a nest was occasionally found high and dry, in a place 
where the nest of the Pectoral Sandpiper would be looked for. A favorite nesting site was a nar- 
row grassy isthmus between two of the shallow ponds. The nest is a very slight affair of dried 
grass and always well concealed. 

Some of the pairs have their full complement of eggs laid by the middle of June, but others 
are much later, as fresh eggs were obtained as late as June 29, in 1S82. Four is the usual num- 
ber of eggs in a complete set, although sets of three incubated eggs are to be found. 

They are exceedingly tame and attractive little birds during the breeding season, paddliug 
about the little ponds on the tundra in their peculiarly graceful manner, having apparently no fear 
of man or beast, and keeping up a continual twittering, as if of conversation among themselves. 
They are at all times a noisy bird, especially when gathered into flocks. 

They begin to collect in flocks, flying and lighting round the ponds, about the end of June, 
and continue in flocks through July, though as the sea opens they grow scarce, apparently roam- 
ing off inland, and out to sea. Late in July, when there were "hardly any to be seen near the shore, 
I have found rlrjm 7 or 8 miles inland around the lakes in very large flecks, which were gradually 
assuming the gray winter plumage. The natives said that the Phalaropes went "south," which 
means " inland," and they would be plenty by and by. The adults appear to leave about the end 
of July, as the great flocks which stay so late in the fall seem to be all the young of the year. 

These flocks come off the land about the first week in August, and are to be found along the 
shore and beach, occasionally feeding and swimming in the ponds back of the beach. Their abun- 
dance varies a great deal on different days, as they are apparently wandering back and forth a 
good deal from one feeding ground to another. They are apt to be specially abundant on days 
when there is much loose ice on and near the shore. 

When in the fall plumage and collected into flocks, they spend most of the time floating and 
feeding with their peculiarly graceful dipping motion a few yards from the beach, while a flock 
will occasionally rise with a sharp twitter and move a few hundred yards to a new feeding ground. 

They are exceedingly tame and unsuspicious at all seasons, and the Eskimo boys, although 
their archery is none of the best, succeed in killing a good many of them with their bows and 
arrows. 

5G4. LQ3IFES HYPERBOREUS (Linn.) Cuv. 

Northern Phalarope (Sabra'iina). 

Mr. Nelson has already noted the increasing rarity of this species as we proceed towards the 
north in the Arctic Ocean, although it is the more abundant of the two Phalaropes on the shores 



116 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 

of Bering Sea. When we reach Point Barrow it has become merely a rare straggler, although 
the natives know it well, having become familiar with it during their summer wanderings to the 
Colville. 

It was only seen alive on one occasion, June 11, 1883, when a single pair was taken in one of 
the small tundra pools, such as are frequented by the Bed Phalaropes. As usual the female was 
the larger and more brightly colored bird. 

We also secured a native skin from a man who said he had shot the bird in the country of iho 
Kvmgmudliug people, east of the Colville River, where they arc very plenty. 

584. GRUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Temm. 

Little Crane (Tut-ti'd-ri-gu). 

Though abundant about Norton Sound and even as far north as Kotzebue Sound, the Little 
Crane reaches Point Barrow only as a rare straggler. It was not observed at all during the season 
of 1882, but two pairs were seen in 18S3 and one of each pair secured. Both of these occurrences 
were between the middle and end of June, and none were seen in the autumn. 

The bird was well known to the natives, who say they find them very abundant at the mouth 
of the Colville. 

588. OLOR AMEBICANUS (Sharpless) Bp. 

Whistling Swan (Ku'g'ru). 

The swans occasionally seen and frequently spoken of by the natives are probably of this 
species, as the large Trumpeter Swan is not known west of Fort Yukon (teste Nelson, "Arctic 
Cruise of the Revenue Steamer Corwin, 1SS1"). 

They were only noticed once or twice each spring, and the natives say they are uncommon at 
the sea-coast. 

They say, however, that they are very plenty u pani" "south," by which they mean 75 or 100 
miles inland on the rivers, where, they say, they catch a great many when they have molted their 
wing feathers. 

591a. CHEN HYFERBOREUS ALBATUS (Cass.) Ridgw. 

Lesser Snow Goose (KuTi-o). 

All the snow geese taken were of this smaller form. They are not at all common, but are 
occasionally seen during the spring migrations, that is, from the middle of May to the end of June. 
They are usually in pairs and small flocks, and generally come off the lantl from the south and go 
out to sea, as if going out to feed. 

Once or twice larger flocks came up in the morning and went back again in the afternoon, 
and occasionally stragglers were found alighting round the pools on the tundra. None of them 
bred in the neighborhood of the station. 

593a. ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELI (Hartl.) Coues. 

American White-peonted Goose (Nu'g> lug' rua). 

This was our most abundant goose. They are fairly plenty during the spring migrations and 
ttfew breed. Like the swans they are said to be extremely abundant " south," near Meade River, 
where many eggs are secured and many geese taken while molting and unable to fly. 

They arrive about the middle to the end of May (May 10, 1882, and May 25, 1883), and for a 
couple of weeks are generally to be found in small parties along the lagoons and the small pools 
which have opened along the crown of the beach. We could be sure to find a few geese every day 
in a small marshy lagoon above the station, which we got into the habit of calling the " goose 
pond " from this fact. 

As the snow cleared off— early in June — they scattered in pairs over the tundra, occasionally 
feeding together in small parties of half a dozen or so. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 117 

The eggs are always laid iu the black, muddy tundra, often on top of a slight knoll. The 
nest is lined with tundra moss and down. The number of eggs in a brood appears subject to con- 
siderable variation, as we found sets of four, six, and seven, all well advanced in incubation. The 
last laid egg is generally in the middle of the nest, and may be recognized by its white shell unless 
incubation is far advanced, the other eggs being stained and soiled by the birds coming on and off 
the nest. 

We never saw any young birds, and the adults disappeared early iu July, Perhaps tliey go 
inland to the rivers to molt their flight-feathers. 

In the fall migrations they were exceedingly rare, a flock or two being seen each season in 
August. 

These birds are familiar objects, during the breeding season stalking around the level tundra, 
where the mirage makes them loom up as big as a man, and their peculiar laughing cry is fre- 
quently to be heard. 

At this time they are exceedingly shy and difficult of approach, but when they first arrive can 
easily be called within gunshot by the rudest imitation of their cry. 

596. BBRNICLA NIGRICANS (Lawr.) Cass. 

Black Brant (Nug'lu'g'nu). 

The Black Brant appear at the end of the main spring migrations of the water-fowl, but in no 
very considerable numbers, following the same track as the eiders. 

A few remain to breed and are to be seen flying about the tundra during June. The nest is 
placed in rather marshy ground and is a simple depression lined with down, with which the eggs are 
completely covered when the birds leave the nest. The birds sometimes begin to sit on four eggs 
and sometimes lay as many as six. 

After the middle of August they begin to fly across the isthmus at Pergniak, coming west 
along the shore of Elson Bay, crossing to the ocean and turning southwest along the coast. 
Whenever during August the wind is favorable for a flight of eiders at Pergniak the brant appear 
also. They, however, frequently turn before reaching the beach at Pergniak, follow down the 
line of lagoons and cross to the sea lower down the coast. 

The adults return first. No young of the year were taken till the end of August. During the 
first half of September, a good many flocks cross the land at the inlets as 'well as at Pergniak, and 
are to be seen resting and feeding along the lagoons and pond-holes. 

At this season they are very shy and hard to approach, and all are gone by the end of Sep- 
tember. 

598. PHILACTE CANAGICA (Sevast.) Bamiist. 

Emperor Goose. 

This bird did not occur at Point Barrow, and its name is only inserted here because the 
expedition received the gift of a skin at Saint Michael's from Lieut. Frederick Schwatka, TJ. S. A. 

605. DAFILA ACUTA (Linn.) Bonap. 

Pintail {Ivwugu). 

The Pintail does not come to the coast iu anything but small numbers, and probably none breed 
in the vicinity of the station. 

One or two small flocks were occasionally seen during the spring migrations in 1882, but none 
in 1883, until the fall. 

During the fall migrations, that is through August and early in September, several small 
parties came down into the little ponds near the village and several were taken. These returning 
birds were mostly young of the year, and very fat. 

The natives say that they are very plenty in summer on the larger rivers running into the 
Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow, and are very keen of sight and heariug. 



118 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

623. HARELDA GLACIALIS (Linn.) Leach. 

Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw [A'hadlm, A'dyigia). 

This was one of our commonest ducks, though never appearing in great flights like the eiders. 
They are first seen about the middle or end of May, and remain as long as there is any open water 
in the fall. The seal hunters in 1882 reported seeing these birds as late as December 9, in open 
holes in the ice-field. 

Though the first ones arrive-froni the 15th to the 20th of May, they are not plenty till the first 
week in June, about which time there is a considerable flight, larger flocks passing up to the north- 
east in the afternoon or evening. 

The flight-Hocks are never so large as the flocks of eiders, and always go very high, making a 
great clamor. They are exceedingly noisy all through the spring migrations and the breeding- 
season. The native name "Ahadlih" is a capital imitation of their ordinary cry. 

Alter this flight they are to be found in tolerable abundance in all the ponds and pools on the 
tundra which are free from ice. They appear to have paired before their arrival, and only seldom 
collect in small parties at some favorite feeding ground like the " goose pond." 

During the breeding season each pair seems to adopt a pool for its own, and drive out all 
intruders. At this season they feed almost exclusively on vegetable food, and are fat and in 
excellent condition for food, with no fishy flavor. 

They breed in considerable numbers all over the tundra, but the nests are scattered and not 
easy to find. The nest is always lined with down and generally near a pool. 

As the open holes begin gradually to form at the outlets of the lagoons, and along the beach, 
the Old Squaws resort to them in increasing numbers, frequently sitting on the ice. By the first 
week in July they begin to abandon the tundra and collect in large flocks along the shore. 

After the ice has broken up and gone away they are to be looked for especially along the 
shore, although a small party is generally to be found in each of the large lagoons. Through July 
and August they vary in abundance, some days being very plenty, while for two or three days at 
a time none at all are to be seen. At this season they fly up and down not far from the shore and 
light in tbe sea. Towards the end of August they are apt to form large " beds " near the station, 
and this habit continues in September whenever there is sufficient open water. 

Many come from the east in September and cross the isthmus at Pergniak, and continue on 
down the coast to the southwest. We noticed them going southwest past Point Franklin, August 
31, 1SS3, in very large flocks. 

After October 1 they grow scarcer, but some are always to be seen as late as there is any open 
water. 

They begin to lay about the middle of June, and downy young were found July 20. 

625. POLYSTICTA STELLBRI (Pall.) Brandt. 

Steller's Duck (Ignilcau'Jcto). 

Though not common in the sense that the King-ducks and Pacific Eiders are common, this 
beautiful little duck is far from a rare bird during the late spring and summer at Point Barrow 
and in the vicinity. 

The breeding-ground, however, appears to be some distance off. Early in June they are to be 
found at the " leads" of open water at some distance from the shore, and perhaps the majority of 
them pass on in this way to their breeding-grounds. From the middle to the end of June they 
appear on land in small parties scattered over the tundra. 

At tins time they are in full breeding plumage, and the males arc generally in excess in the 
flocks. They arc generally to be found in small " pond-holes," frequently sitting on the bank 
asleep, and are very tame, easily approached within gunshot, and generally swimming together 
when alarmed, before taking wing, so tbat several can be secured at one discharge. I have stopped 
a whole flock of five with a single shot. 

They appear to go off to breed about the end of June, although it is possible that the birds 
we have on the tundra are non-breeding birds. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 119 

Birds, however, that have bred, judging from the looks of the ovaries, begin to come back 
from the first to the middle of July, appearing especially at Pergniak and flying m small parties 
up and down the coast. They generally keep to themselves, but are sometimes found associating 
with small parties of King-ducks. 

When the open water forms along shore, that is, in the latter part of July and early part ot 
August, they arc to be found in large flocks along the beach, collecting in "beds" at a safe dis- 
tance from the shore, feeding on marine invertebrates, especially gephryean worms. These flocks 
consist almost exclusively of molting females, whose ovaries show that they have bred. The 
males appear to undergo a fall change of plumage like the other eiders, gradually putting on the 
brown dress of the females. We were, however, unable to secure any specimens to illustrate tins 
change. 

They disappear from the first to the middle of August, and when gathered in large flocks arc 
exceedingly wild and hard to approach. 

Though less abundant in the early part of the season of 1S83 than they had been in 1882, they 
were, on the other hand, much more plenty after the sea opened, and staid considerably later. 

G26. LAMPHONETTA FISCHERI Brandt. 

Spectacled Eider. (Ka'tcaso ; $ Tutulu; 5 Yu'lcqhdu). 

This species has not been ineviously noted north of Bering Straits, but we found it to be a 
regular though rather rare summer visitor in the vicinity of Point Barrow. They evidently breed 
not far from the station, as a female was taken June 19, 1883, with an egg in the oviduct just ready 
for laying. 

They arrive towards the end of the great spring migrations of eiders, as has been observed at 
Saint Michael's, in company with the King-ducks and Pacific Eiders, and are occasionally to be 
seen in pairs and small parties on the tundra, especially on the wetter portions back of the beach 
lagoons. 

They were not observed either season in the fall migrations. The young, about three-fourths 
grown, were taken August 24, 1883, and had the eye-patches even then distinctly indicated. 

The male in the breeding season has the green feathers of the back of the head developed 
into a decided nuchal crest, which I do not find mentioned in any of the published descriptions of 
the species'. 

I found the iris of the female white, and not hazel or blue as has been stated by other observers. 
This character is possibly variable. 

628. SOMATERIA V-NIGRA Gray. 

Pacific Eider ( 8 Amau'lm; $ Tcu (jalu'Uun). 

This species appears to be decidedly less plenty than the succeeding, although it is often diffi- 
cult to distinguish them, as during the great migrations they frequently associate in large mixed 
flocks, so that one shot may bring down birds of both species. 

They arrive later than the King Eiders, not appearing before the middle of May, after which 
time they are to be taken in every flight, gradually increasing in numbers. Towards the end of 
the migrations there are occasional days when the flocks seem to be made up almost exclusively of 
this species. A few small parties are also to be seen loitering around the lagoons, and open pools 
in the shore ice towards the end of June. 

During the migrations, they are exceedingly fat and excellent eating. In the autumn they 
associate with the King Eiders, following the same course at Elson Bay, and frequently sitting in 
good-sized parties close to the shore. 

Towards the end of the fall migrations, the change to the fall plumage in the males is pretty 
well marked. This change of plumage has been noted in this species by Mr. Dall, but beyond his 
short note, I can find no reference to the change in any history of the species. Unfortunately, no 
specimens were secured to illustrate this. 



120 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

This species does not breed anywhere near the station. The natives say they all go a long 
distance to the eastward, and there breed in large numbers. As well as we could make out, one 
extensive breeding-ground is on some sand island, rather more than half-way between Point Barrow 
and the mouth of the Oolville River. 

By a curious misnomer, these ducks are known to the whalemen as " canvas-backs"! 

629. SOMATERIA SFECTABILIS (Linn.) Boic. 

King Eider ( 2 Ki'nalin; 2 Annabia). 

This is by all means the most abundant bird at Point Barrow. Thousands hardly describes 
the multitudes which passed up during the great migrations, within sight of the station, and yet 
equally great numbers passed up along the "lead" of open water several miles off shore. 

They appear in the spring before there is any open water except the shifting "leads" at a dis- 
tance from the shore, and travel steadily and swiftly past Cape Smythe to the northeast, following 
the coast. Some flocks cross to the eastward below Point Barrow, but the majority follow the 
barrier of grounded ice past the point. It is probable, however, that they turn to the east after 
passing Point Barrow, because all the returning flocks in the autumn come from the east, hugging 
the shore of the mainland. 

The first ducks in the spring of 1882 were seen on April 27, a comparatively warm day, with 
a light southerly wind blowing. They were flying parallel to the coast over the barrier of grounded 
ice. The natives said they were all "kingaling" "nosy birds" or males (referring to the protuber- 
ance at the base of the bill), and the first flocks of the migration appear to be composed exclu- 
sively of males. 

During the first half of May, 1882, several males came from the south off the land, and gained 
the ice in a very exhausted condition, frequently so utterly worn out that the natives caught them 
and killed them Avith sticks. They were all found to be very much emaciated, and their stomachs 
were einpty of food. 

The season was later in 1883, and no ducks were seen till May 5. There were six great flights 
in 1882, the first on May 12 and the last on June 11, and five in 1SS3, the first on Maj' 17 and 
the last on June 4. As a rule, these flights took place on comparatively warm days, with light 
westerly or southwesterly winds. On one day each year, however, there was a large flight with a 
light breeze from the east. A warm southwest wind is pretty sure to bring a large flight of eiders. 

The flight seldom lasts more than two or three hours, beginning about eight or nine in the 
morning, or between three and four in the afternoon. More rarely a flight begins about ten in the 
morning and lasts till afternoon. 

During the flights, the great flocks in quick succession appear to strike the coast a few miles 
from the station, probably coming straight across from the Seahorse Islands, and then follow up 
the belt of level ice parallel to the coast towards Point Barrow, going pretty steadily on their 
course, but swerving a little and rising rather high when alarmed. 

Their order of flight was generally in long diagonal lines, occasionally huddling together so 
that several could be killed at one discharge. A few flocks in a great flight usualy followed up the 
line of broken ice a mile or two from the shore, and a flock occasionally turned in at the mouth of 
the lagoon and proceeded up over the land. 

On the days between the flights and when the wind was east, a few flocks would struggle up 
against the wind either going up far off the shore or overland ; but most of the birds on " off days" 
came off the land from the south, and either continued on towards the open water or turned to the 
northeast along the broken ice. These flocks were never so large as the great flight flocks, and 
generally flew in more compact order. A few were occasionally seen early in the migrations going 
back towards the southwest. On many days when tliere were no ducks in shore they flew abund- 
antly at the "lead" of open water. 

The majority of them are paired by the middle of May, and the flocks are made up of pairs 
flying alternately, ducks and drakes. If a duck is shot down, the drake almost invariably follows 
her to the ice, apparently supposing that she has alighted. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 121 

Early in June straggling pairs and small parties nettle about the tundra pools and breed 
sparingly in the neighborhood of the station. A few nests were found. After the main flight 
and during the latter part of June a few stragglers and small flocks are to be seen almost daily. 

Captain Owen, of the steam whaler North Star, who got up to the station June 25, 1S82, reported 
that the day before there were myriads of eiders of both sexes in the open water off Point Belcher. 

By the second week in July, before the ice is gone from the sea or from Elson Bay, the males 
begin to come back in flocks from the east, and from that time to the middle of September there is 
a flight of eiders whenever the wind blows from the east. The flocks are all males at first, but 
mixed flocks gradually appear, and the young of the year were first observed in these flocks on 
August 30, 18S2. 

Most of the flight birds make no stay but continue on to the southwest, generally a couple of 
miles out at sea, though they occasionally stop to rest, especially when there is much drifting ice. 
Between the regular flights they continue to straggle along, coming off the land, and occasionally 
sitting apparently asleep on the beach. Small flocks and single birds are to be seen till the sea 
closes, about the end of October, and in 1882 many were seen as late as December 2, when there 
were many holes of open water. 

When the birds are flying at Pergniak, it is quite a lively scene, as there is a large summer 
camp of Eskimos close to the point where the ducks cross when the conditions are fa\-orable. 
When the wind is east or northeast, and not blowing too hard, the birds come from the east and 
strike the land at a point which runs out on the shore of the bay about half a mile from Pergniak, 
close to where the lagoons begin. 

They would be apt to turn and fly down these lagoons were it not for a row of stakes, set up 
by the natives, running round the semicircle of the bay to the camp. As soon as the flock reaches 
this critical point, all the natives, and there may be fifty of them on the watch with guns and 
slings, just at the narrowest part of the beach above the tents, immediately set up a shrill yell. 
Nine times out of ten the flock will waver, turn, follow round the row of stakes, and naturally 
whirl out to sea at the first open place, where of course the gunners are stationed. With a strong 
wind, however, the ducks do not follow the land, but come straight on from the east and cross 
wherever they happen to strike the beach, so that the shooting cannot be depended on. 

The flocks during the fall flight are not so large and do not follow one another in such rapid 
succession as in the spring, and though they arrive from the east in the same stringing order, they 
huddle into a compact body as they whirl along the line of stakes and out over the beach. 

The natives, although as a rule they are far from good shots, are provided with poor guns, 
and appear particularly averse to putting in enough powder and shot to kill a strong eider duck, 
nevertheless succeed in capturing a good many with guns and slings. They reap a plentiful 
harvest of them in the spring, when they are all at home, and the crews of the whaling umiaks 
out at the open water spend their leisure time while they are waiting for whales in shooting ducks, 
which form au important article of food. They of course always boil their ducks, as they do all 
the rest of their food, and usually skin instead of plucking them. They are very fond of the fat 
which adheres to the skin, scraping it off with their knives industriously till not a particle remains, 
licking their knives with great relish. The intestines, boiled by themselves, are also considered a 
great delicacy. 

The males that appear at Pergniak at the beginning of the autumn migrations are at first in 
full breeding dress, perhaps a little faded, especially about the bill. As the season advances they 
show more and more extensive patches of brown feathers, until at the end of the migrations they 
cannot be distinguished from the females except by the white wing and back patches. 

I do not find this autumnal change of plumage mentioned in any published account of the 
species, and it has been questioned on general principles by experienced ornithologists. I accord- 
ingly give a detailed description of three specimens brought home by our party, which illustrates 
this process very well. They were all taken on July 26, 1S83, and exhibit three different stages 
of the change. 

1. Museum No. 93,290. Compared with a drake in full breeding dress, all the colors are more 
dingy. The black of the back has lost its rich velvety gloss, and the remiges and tail-feathers are 
H. Ex. 44 10 



122 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

faded and worn. The cream color of tlie throat and shoulders is much paler, fading almost to 
white on the bach, and beginning to become mottled with darker patches between the shoulders. 
The white leathers on the neck are thin and sparse, and drop out very easily, while very young 
brown feathers are making their appearance among them. The black V on the throat has assumed 
a " spotty" appearance, caused by the dropping out of some of the black-tipped feathers, so as to 
expose their white roots. The green feathers of the cheeks are faded, thin, and hairy. The blue- 
gray of the crown and back of the head appears at first sight to be merely faded, but drawing 
aside the feathers discloses at their roots a crop of brown feathers rather more advanced than 
those on the neck. All the feathers of the head and neck except the brown ones fall out A-cry 
easily and appear faded and worn. The bill has grown dark, the protuberance at its base much 
shrunken, and the epidermis is coming off the frontal processes, patches only remaining. 

2. Museum No. 93,297. The head and neck now show about equal proportions of the new 
brown feathers and the old light-colored ones. The back between the shoulders and the front part 
of the throat shows a large proportion of new brown feathers (still growing from the capsule, as 
may be easily seen by pulling out one or two), and many of the white or cream-colored feathers 
of the throat have been lost. A few new brown feathers have also appeared at the flanks. 

3. Museum No. 93,29S. The white and light-colored feathers are nearly gone from the head 
and neck, remaining only in a few patches on the cheeks and forehead, while the brown feathers 
are fairly well developed, so that the fore part of the throat and back is nearly as in the female. 
The breast is still cream-colored. 

The drakes grow almost entirely dark before the migrations are ovar, the wing-patches remaining 
white the longest. The Pacific eider and Steller's duck both undergo a similar change, but wo 
were unable to secure any specimens to illustrate this. 

None of the eiders of any species molt their wing- feathers so as to be incapable of flight until 
after leaving the neighborhood of Point Barrow. 

657. PAGOPHILA EBTJRNEA (Phipps) Kaup. 

Ivory Gull (Nau'yabwun). 

The Ivory Gull is at best a rare visitor at Point Barrow. Early in the spriug of 1882, Lieu- 
tenant Eay reported seeing two in full plumage out at the lead of open water, some six miles 
from the shore. 

No others, however, were seen or reported until late in the fall, when large numbers of Eosy 
Gulls were flying up the coast and among them a few of this species, of which one was taken. 

The bird was not observed in the season of 1883. 

660. LARUS GLAUCUS Briinn. 

Glaucous Gull ; Burgomaster (Nauya). 

Large gulls, mostly in the immature plumage of this species, were plenty round the statiou 
from the time we landed up to the middle of October, flying up and down the beach, siltiug on the 
water, or feeding at the edge of the beach. The first two of the large lagoons were always favorite 
resorts for the gulls at all seasons when they were open, and even after they were partially frozen 
gulls were to be seen sitting on the ice. 

After the middle of October, they became scarcer, sometimes disappearing for days, but a few 
stragglers remained as long as the sea was open, up to the middle of November. In the autumn 
of 1882 none were seen after October 18, except one solitary straggler reported November 1. 

They arrive in the spring, about the first week in May, and during May and June a few are to 
be seen nearly every day, though they sometimes disappear altogether for a day or two, and 
occasionally are rather numerous specially round the lagoons and near Pergniak. They always 
turn out in full force when there is a flight of eiders, and make themselves troublesome by picking 
up dead and wounded ducks. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 123 

If a duck be shot so that be fall in the water or any not easily accessible place, an hour is 
generally time enough for him to be reduced to a skeleton by the gulls. They are occasionally to 
be seen inland, but usually crossing to some particular point, sometimes lighting on the tundra. 

None breed anywhere near the station, though they are to be seen every day during the breed- 
ing season. They are rather abundant after the sea opens, and continue so during August and 
September. The young appear in August. Towards the end of September, when numerous, 
they have a regular track near the station, flying in over the beach and out over the magnetic 
observatory. 

The natives say they find them plenty at the rivers inland when they are killing deer in the 
summer. 

They are a favorite bird with the natives, and many are shot in the autumn as they fly up and 
down the shore. They are also occasionally caught with a baited line in the autumn when there is 
a light snow on the beach. A little stick of hard-w T ood, about 4 inches long and sharpened at both 
ends, has attached to its middle a strong line of deer sinew. The stick is carefully wrapped in 
blubber or meat and exposed on the beach, while the short line is securely fastened to a stake driven 
into the sand and carefully concealed in the snow. The gull picks up the tempting morsel and 
swallows it and of course is caught by the stick, which turns sidewise across his gullet, and his 
struggles to escape fix it more firmly. 

It was at first supposed that Larus Icucoptenis occurred at Point Barrow, and several gulls 
iu the collection were identified as belonging to this species. Mr. Howard Saunders, however, the 
great English authority on the Larida; while in Washington last summer, carefully examined our 
series, and is of the opinion that they are all referable to L. glaucus, with the exception of one 
small and very brown immature bird, which he was unable to identify. 

661a. LARUS KUMLIEITI Brewster. 

Lessee Glaucous-winged Gtjll [Nau-ya). 

The above-mentioned. dark and small immature bird (Museum No. 9330C), which Mr. Saunders 
was unable to identify, is considered by Mr. Bidgway as probably referable to Brewster's species 
L. Jcumlieni,* which has hitherto been obtained only from the eastern coast of America. It is 
not at all unlikely that the species should straggle westward along the northern coast of the con- 
tinent as Pelidna subarqitata and Actodromas fuscicollis were found to do. 

Small and dark young gulls were observed quite often with the young Burgomasters iu the 
autumn, but the above was the only one obtained in a state fit for preservation. 

676. RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA (MacGill) Bruch. 

Boss's Gull {Ka'.nmaxHu). 
(Plates I and II.) 

Our expedition succeeded in obtaining a large series of this rare and beautiful bird — more, in 
fact, than there were before in all the museums of the world. put together — and a still larger series 
might have been obtained had the weather and other conditions been favorable. 

Unfortunately, we were able to add very little to the biography of the species, as the birds 
are simply autumn visitors at Point Barrow, making no stry, but passing rapidly to the northeast. 
This, however, is the only locality where the birds have been observed in abundance even for a 
short time, all previous records referring to the capture of sporadic individuals. 

Iu 1881, from September 28 to October 22, there were days when they were exceedingly abun- 
dant in small flocks — generally moving towards the northeast — either flying over the sea or making 
short excursions inshore. 

Not a single one was seen during the spring migrations or in the summer, but two or three 
stragglers were noticed early in September — a few out among the loose pack-ice — and on Sep- 
tember 21, 188.0, they were again abundant, apparently almost all young birds. 

* See Bull. Nuttall Ornithological Club, viii, No. 4, pp. 214-219, October, 1883. 



L 



124 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

They appeared in large, loose flocks, coming in from the sea and from the southwest, all appar- 
ently traveling to the northeast. Most of the flocks whirled in at the mouth of our lagoon and 
circled round the station with a peculiarly graceful, wavering flight, and many were shot close to 
the house. A cold easterly wind was blowing at the time. 

They continued plenty for several days — while the east wind blew — all following the same 
track, moving up the shore, and making short excursions inland at each of the beach lagoons. 

After September 28 they disappeared until October C, when for several days there was a large 
flight. On October 9, in particular, there was a continuous stream of them all day long moving 
up the shore a short distance from the beach and occasionally swinging in over the land. Xone 
iccre seen to return. 

The nature of our duties at the station prevented any investigation as to where they came 
from or whither they went. They appeared to come in from the sea, to the west or northwest, and 
traveled along the coast to the northeast. 

They were not observed on Wrangel Island by either the Jeaunette, the Corwin, or the 
Eodgers, and yet the direction from which they come to Point Barrow iu the fall points to a 
breeding-ground somewhere in that part of the world. May it not be that some land yet to be 
discovered, and north of Wrangel Island, will one day yield a glorious harvest of the eggs of this 
splendid species ? 

It is difficult to form any idea of what becomes of the thousands that pass Point Barrow to 
the northeast in the autumn. It is certain that they do not return along the shore as they went. 
Nevertheless, at that season of the year they must of necessity soon seek lower latitudes. 

Perhaps the most plausible supposition is that soon after leaving Point Barrow, perhaps when 
they first encounter the main ice-pack, they turn and retrace their steps so far out at sea as to be 
unnoticed from the land, and pass the winter at the edge of the ice-field, proceeding north to their 
breeding-ground as the pack travels north in the spring. 

Oapt. Everett Smith, of the steam whaler Bowhead, who is a trustworthy witness, reports that 
when he was in the loose ice, 70 miles northwest of Point Hope, on June 10, 1883, he saw large 
numbers of these birds. 

The greater number of the birds we obtained were immature, and probably the young of the 
year, though in a stage slightly more advanced than the young bird taken by Mr. Nelson at St. 
Michael's. The few adults that we captured were in a plumage hitherto undescribed, and one in 
particular was especially beautiful. The following is a description of this specimen : 

Museum No. 93321, RliodostetMa rosea $ . — White parts everywhere tinged with rose color, 
except the tail feathers ; rose color somewhat blotchy and approaching salmon color, especially on the 
crissum. Mantle pearly blue, extending as mottled markings to the back of the head. No traces 
of the black collar ; a few black marks round the eye. Edge of wing from shoulder to wrist bright 
rose. Eirst four primaries rose-shafted beneath, third the brightest ; outer web of first primary 
black nearly to the tip ; fifth to last primary and first secondary, white-tipped ; remaining secon- 
daries rose-tipped. A few small obscure black markings on the breast. Feet, '-'terra-cotta" red, 
with brown knuckles and webs. Bill, black. 

The above description was taken from the freshly-killed bird. The beautiful blush-rose tinge 
had not, however, faded perceptibly, when the skin was examined a year later. The other adults 
were in almost the same plumage, but the rose color was much paler and confined to the under 
parts from the throat to the under tail-coverts. The only adult female secured was the least pink 
of any of the adults. One specimen. No. 93364, shows a few dark feathers among the upper wing- 
coverts. Mr. Eidgway makes the rather reasonable suggestion that this is a bird in its second 
year. 

Mr. Howard Saunders, in " Ibis " for 1875, has given an excellent description of the immature 
plumage from two young birds in the Vienna Museum. As, however, these birds differ in some 
respects from those we collected, I will venture to give a detailed description of our large series. 

Three specimens (Museum Nos. 93328 S , 93353 <J , and 93354 S ) present a stage of plumage 
which is possibly a little yonuger than the great majority of the birds collected. 

The following is a description of this stage : 



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EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 125 

Below, including lower tail-coverts, white, or slightly tinged with rose-color ; mantle pale 
pearly blue, extending on. to the sides of the neck and back of the head, which is faintly mottled 
with dark markings in one specimen ; black and white mottled markings round the eye, extending 
to the corner of the mouth in one specimen ; small black spot on each side of the neck, while in 
one case the dark collar of the adult is faintly indicated; forehead in every case white; ruinp 
more or less mottled with black feathers, occasionally edged with white or pale brown. Upper 
tail-coverts white, sometimes showing indistinct dark marks towards the tips of the feathers. 
Tail with a broad black tip about one-fourth of its length. Middle rectrices black-shafted, with 
this color extending more or less on the webs, continuous with the black of the tip. First, second, 
third, and fourth primary above, shaft, outer web, and about half of inner web including tip, black, 
the rest white; one specimen has a large white subapical spot on the fourth primary. Remaining 
primaries gray at the base, fading into white towards the tip, where there is an oblique black bar 
across the feather. This bar grows smaller on the successive primaries till the last is wholly 
white. Secondaries, white. Tertiaries and scapulars dusky black, with white or light-brown edges. 
Upper wing-coverts, alula, and lower primary coverts black, with white or light brown edges, lower 
secondary coverts like the mantle. Under surface of the wing nearly uniform, like the mantle. 

The majority of those taken were in a very similar plumage, but always without the black 
shafts to the middle rectrices, though the tail is always black-tipped, and one or two show slight 
black markings on the upper tail-coverts. In two or three specimens the blue of the mantle extends 
completely around the neck, and two or three have the dark collar faintly indicated, especially on 
the back of the neck. Two have a few scattered dark feathers in the blue of the mantle, and two 
have a few on the sides of the neck where the black spots are invariably present. A few speci- 
mens have the upper wing -coverts indicating a change to the adult plumage. One has a few 
" mantle-blue" feathers mixed with the mottled ones, and three or four others have about the upper 
half of the coverts like the mantle. The white markings on the first four primaries are rather 
variable. One specimen has a small subapical spot on the outer web of the second, a large one on 
the third, and about half the outer web of the fourth, white. The fourth primary is frequently in 
this condition when the others are unspotted, and the spot appears occasionally on the third. 

The outer web of the first appears always to be black. 

About a third of the birds examined in this stage were more or less tinged with pink, and 
four-fifths of these were males, so that this may be more or less of a sexual character. 

Both the specimens examined by Mr. Saunders lack the black tip to the tail so characteristic 
to this stage of plumage in the autumn. The date of capture of his specimens is unknown, but it 
is quite possible that they are the young of the previous year after the spring molt. 

677. XEMA SABIITBI (J. Sabine) Leach. 
Sabine's Gull, (Yuku'drigugia). 

Though by no means uncommon, this bird is somewhat irregular in its occurrence at Point 
Barrow. In 1881 the young birds of the year, easily recognized by the broad, black band from the 
shoulder to the tip of the wing, were quite abundant from the time we landed till the end of 
October. 

In 1882, however, none were seen after August 3, and they were scarce during the breeding 
season. On the other hand, though equally scarce in the breeding season of 1883, they appeared 
in considerable numbers late in July and during the month of August, and were frequently seen 
in considerable flocks, young and adults together, about the lagoons, and with the other gulls 
collected round the whale-ships anchored at the Point. 

They evidently breed somewhere in the neighborhood, probably on the sandy islands east ot 
Point Barrow, for one was taken June 28, 1882, with the breast bare of feathers, as if incubating, 
but the eggs were never found. 

They are usually to be seen flying singly up and down the shore with a peculiarly slow, 
wavering flight, zigzagging to right and left, and occasionally light upon the water close to the 
beach. Early in the season they are occasionally found flying some distance inland, and lighting 
among the tundra pools. 



126 EXPEDITION TO POI2ST BARROW, ALASKA. 

The first stragglers appear in the spring, about tbe first of June. An adult male, in full 
breeding plumage, taken in June, 18S2, had tbe under parts as rosy as in the Roseate Tern. 

687. STERNA MACRURA Naum. 

Arctic Tern (UtyntdJcin). 

Tbe Terns appear about the 10th of June, but are never plenty about the station till the month 
of August, when they appear in good-sized flocks, fishing about the lagoons and among the broken 
ice, especially in the neighborhood of the sandspit at Point Barrow. 

During the breeding season we only saw stragglers from the breeding grounds, which are 
probably the same as those of Sabine's gull, the sandy islands east of Point Barrow, None of 
our party succeeded in finding the nest, as we were unable to reach these islands, but eggs were 
brought us by the natives, who said they got them there. 

The Terns leave early. None were seen after the end of August. 

697. STBRCORARIUS POMATORHINUS (Temm.) Vieill. 

Pomarine Jaeger (Psunu). 

This is perhaps the least common of the three species of Skuas, although a regular summer 
visitor. They are to be seen flying about the tundra and occasionally lighting during the months 
of June, July, and August. 

None of them breed anywhere near the station. The natives make no distinction between this 
and the two following species. 

698. STBRCORARIUS CREFIDATUS (Banks) Vieill. 

Richardson's Jaeger (Psunu). 

This appears to be rather more plentiful than the last species, but is nowhere to be compared 
in abundance to the following. Tbey are occasionally to be seen during the summer, both before 
and after the sea opens, flying about with the other Skuas. 

None breed anywhere near the station, and from the looks of the sexual organs of some taken 
early in July, they are late breeders. 

699. STERCORARITJS PARASITICUS (Linn.) Saunders. 

Long-tailed Jaeger (Psunu). 

This is by all means the commonest of the Skuas at Point Barrow and is rather abundant, 
though none breed. They arrive in the spring, about the end of May, and are tolerably plenty 
from that time till the end of August. 

Before the sea opens tbey are to be found on the tundra, where they have a habit of walking 
about in small parties, feeding on flies. At such times they are not at all shy, and if one be shot 
down the others are apt to fly back within gunshot, sometimes coming straight at the shooter. 

They are sometimes to be seen traveling about in large, straggling parties, fifty or more to- 
gether, moving slowly up or down the coast, occasionally alighting and then taking wing again. 

The natives say they are " bad " and eat birds' eggs, and they noint out the broken egg-shells 
which are to be found scattered over tbe tundra as the work of this bird. We never happened to 
see tbem eating any eggs, but they certainly act as if they were searching for nests, and tbey have 
been seen in suspiciously close proximity to ducks' nests which were found broken up. 

Tbeir bad reputation is probably well deserved, as the natives of the Norton Sound region are 
said to tell the same story. 

After the sea opens they are rather less abundant, but are still seen occasionally both on land 
and at sea. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 127 

737. COLYMBUS ADAMSI Gray. 

Gee at White-Billed Loon (Tu'd'Un). 

The Groat Loon, which, is curiously enough called by the same Eskimo name as the Golden 
Plover, is a regular summer visitor and probably breeds, though the eggs were never found. 

They were not often noticed in the season of 1S82, but were quite abundant in 18S3. They are 
first to be seen about the end of May, or early in June, at the "lead" of open water and flying 
inland to their breeding grounds. As the sea opens along the shore and open holes are found in 
the lagoons they are to be looked for in such places, gradually going out to sea as the season 
advances. 

They are generally to be seen alone or in pairs, seldom more than three or four together, and 
are silent birds compared with C. torqiiatas. I only heard this bird " laugh " once during the whole 
of my stay. The " laugh " appeared to be harsher than that of torquatus. 

Eully fledged young were seen August 7, 1883. The breeding-grounds are probably around 
the swamps and lakes some distance inland. 

C. torquatus, although reported by Mr. Nelson from the shores of the Arctic, was not observed 
at Point Barrow during our stay there. 

739. COLYMBUS PACIFICUS Lawr, • 

Pacific Diver (Ka'ksau). 

All the black-throated loons we obtained proved upon examination to be this species, so 
that this is probably the only one that occurs. 

The natives make no distinction between this and the next species, and they are both very 
common birds. Their peculiar harsh cry, "kok, kok, kok," from which they get their name, "Kak- 
sau," is to be heard all summer, and the birds were seen nearly every day, flying backwards and 
forwards and inland from the sea. 

During the breeding season these smaller loons have a habit of getting off alone in some small 
pond and howling like a fiend for upwards of half an hour at a time. It is a most blood-curdling, 
weird, aud uncanny sort of a scream, and the amount of noise they make is something wonderful. 
They can be heard for miles. 

They arrive early in June, and before the ponds are open are generally flying eastward as if 
they had come up along the open water at sea and were striking across to the mouths of the rivers 
at the east. As the ponds open they make themselves at home there, and evidently breed in 
abundance, though we were unable to find the nest. One of their breeding grounds was evidently 
a swampy lagoon some five or six miles inland, but the nests were inaccessible. 

After the breeding season they are frequently to be seen in the open pools along the shore, 
especially when the lagoons have broken out. They are always very wild and difficult to secure. 
They are plenty through August and the greater part of September along the shore, and occa- 
sional stragglers remain round open holes well into October. Some appeared to be feeding young 
as late as the middle of September, 1882, as they were seen going inland from the sea carrying 
small fish. 

740. COLYMBUS SEFTENTRIONALIS Linn. 

Red -throated Diver (Kd'Jcsau). 

This species is quite as common as the foregoing, and appears to have precisely the samo 
habits. 

The only identified loons' eggs we obtained were of this species, and were brought in with the 
parent bird from a sfream some miles east of the point. The natives also brought in from time to 
time both seasons a number of eggs of the Kaksau, and these all appeared to be this species. 



128 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



760. URIA GRYLLE (Linn.) Briinn. 

Black Guillemot (Su'laibicu). 

During the seasou of open water we only saw one or two of these birds, always in full black 
plumage, and at some distance from the shore. In November and December, however, in fact as 
long as there are any pools and "leads" of open water, these birds in winter plumage are to be found 
in considerable numbers, usually in small flocks. They only leave us when the ice becomes solidly 
packed by the winter gales, and curiously enough are not to be found during the spring migra- 
tions. A number were taken in the winter of 1882, and with one exception were all the young of 
the year. 



764. LOMVIA ARRA (Pall.) Bp. 

Thick-billed Guillemot {A'tpa). 

This species, the "Crowbill" of the whalemen, reaches Point Barrow only as a rather rare 
straggler. They were sometimes seen at the lead of open water in the early spring and during the 
summer at some distance from the shore. One Avas taken as late as December 9, 1882, out among 
the broken ice by one of the seal hunters. We found them quite plenty at the Seahorse Islands 
on our return voyage, and of course extremely abundant about Cape Lisburne. 



III.-FISHES. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



Fishes were scarce in the neighborhood of the station, and the shortness of the open season 
rendered collecting exceedingly difficult. Tbe marine species were almost all obtained from the 
natives, who caught them while fishiug for food through the ice. 

The fresh- water ponds and small streams around Point Barrow are quite barren of fish life, 
and the fresh-water species in the collection ccme from the great rivers east of Point Barrow, 
whence they were brought in frozen in the fall and early spring. 

Dr. Tarleton H. Bean has kindly identified the species of tbe difficult genera Gymnelis, Lycodes, 
Liparis, and Coitus, and has verified the writer's identification of the other species. 

GASTEKOSTEIDJG. 
1. GASTEROSTEUS PUNGITIUS L. subsp. BEACHYPODA Bean. 

On December 1, 18S2, Capt. E. P. Hereudeen brought in a number of large burbot (Lota) from 
Meade River and Kuaru, both streams flowing into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. 

On preparing these for the table, one or two were found to have their stomachs literally 
crammed full of sticklebacks, which on examination proved to belong to this species. 

They were most of them fresh enough for preservation. 

GADIDJE. 
2. BOREOGADUS SAIDA (Lepech.) Bean. 

This species was found to be quite plenty close to the station at most seasons of the year. We 
first saw them early in October, 1881, when the natives brought down large numbers from Point 
Barrow, where they had been washed up on the beach. 

Usually during the latter part of October and early in November, after the sea has closed, 
and when tide-cracks form along the shore, the natives generally catch a good many of them at 
the very edge of the beach in about a foot of water. 

They use a short line of whalebone to which is attached a small lure made of blackened ivory, 
which roughly represents an amphipod crustacean, and is armed with a barbless hook. 

After this, no more are caught till after the return of the sun, early in February. The natives 
say that they go away, and it is quite probable that they leave the shore and go off into deeper 
water. If there were any fish to be caught, the natives would undoubtedly fish for them during 
the winter months, as at this season they are frequently hard pressed for food. 

Early in February, they become exceedingly abundant in about 15 fathoms of water, wherever 
there is a level field of the season's ice not over 4 feet in thickness, inclosed between rows of hum- 
mocks of broken ice. Such a field as this was formed in the winter of 1882, and remained unchanged 
from February till about the middle of May, when the ice began to soften and melt on the surface. 
Large numbers of the natives from the Cape Smythe village, especially women and children, resorted 

12!) 

H. Ex. U 17 



130 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 

to this field nearly every day and caught these fish literally by the bushel. The method of winter 
fishing is as follows: A hole about IS inches square is cut through the ice, and through this is let 
down a long line made of strips of whalebone, and provided with a sinker of lead or copper and 
two small pear-shaped "jigs" of bright copper or walrus-ivory, armed with four barbless copper 
hooks. The reel on which the line was wound and which is a stick about 18 inches loug serves as 
a rod, being held in one hand, while a long-handled scoop is held in the other hand and is used to 
keep the hole clear of ice. The jigs are kept close to the bottom and the line is continually jerked 
up a short distance and allowed to sink again. The fish are attracted by the bright "jig," and 
"nosing" round it are caught by the upward jerk. The line is reeled up on the two sticks, held 
one in each hand, so that it never has to be touched with the fingers, and the fish is adroitly 
jerked off the hook on to the ice. 

No such field, or "fishing ground," as we were in the habit, of calling it, was formed in 1883, 
and only comparatively few fish were caught. 

Early in July, when open holes of water form along the shore at the outlets of the lagoons, 
the fish are again to be found in considerable abundance. The young fry were first noticed about 
the middle of July, and were quite plenty in the shallow water at the edge of the beach. 

Young fish, two to three inches long, were taken at the head of our lagoon, which is brackish, 
about the first of September, aud at about the same time the full-grown fish were plenty along the 
beach in about 3 fathoms of water, swimming about in large, loose schools. 

3. TILESIA GRACILIS (Tiles.) Swainson. 

We found this species abundant along the shore at St. Michael's, and caught a good many 
with hook and line. 

4. LOTA MACULOSA (Le S.) Ricb 

(Tttdle.) 

This species was abundant in Meade River and Kuaru. The natives catch many large ones 
through the ice with hook and line. 

They are exceedingly voracious, and Captain Herendeen caught one in his net which had 
swallowed a white fish already caught in the net and then managed to entangle himself. 

The season for catching them is in October and November, and again in February, March, and 
April. They are generally considered rather a refuse fish, and worthless for food, but we found 
that they made a very palatable chowder. 

LYCODID.ZE. 
5. G-YMNELIS VIRIDIS (Pabr.) Reinhardt. 

A small specimen was found washed up. on the beach September 13, 1882. Its colors when 
fresh were two shades of orange, with the spot at the beginning of the dorsal fin black, edged with 
white. 

6. LYCODE8 TURNERII Bean. 

{Kuxrauna.) 

Two specimens were obtained, having been caught by the natives while "jigging" Polar cod 
through the ice. 

The following color-notes were made while the fish were fresh. Collector's No. (metal tag) 6; 
Museum No. 33,922 $ : Ground-color a rather light-reddish chocolate, shading into a reddish brown 
on the belly. Head, underneath, white. Lower edges of pectorals and ventrals, rufous red. In- 
terrupted band from eye to edge of operculum, brownish cream-color edged with chocolate. Cres- 
cent-shaped band on top of head, same color. Ten lateral bands of the same color with dark edges, 
broken on the side of the body and appearing as spots. IndJstiuot tip to caudal. Creamy spot on 
pectoral, near root. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 131 

Collector's No. 26, Museum No. 33924 S ; Large. Marked ou the same general pattern as the 
female, but with, only seven lateral bauds. All the markings smaller and obscured. General 
color a brighter red, approaching scarlet. 

7. LYCODES COCCINEUS Bean. 

(Kuxrauna.) 

This species was obtained with the preceding, and one large specimen was washed up on the 
beach. A small specimen had the following colors when fresh: 

Collector's No. 7, Museum No. 33,923 <?juv., 11.5 inches long. Paler than L. ttirnerii, with 
the contrast between the chocolate and cream color more strongly marked. Belly lighter, and the 
red more of a pale orange. Cheeks brownish orange. The second, fourth, and sixth bands end as 
roundish spots on the back; the alternate bands are continued down, widen, and nearly meet each 
other. Broad band on anal extending from origin about one-third the length of the fin. 

LIPARIDID2E. 
8. LIPARIS G-IBBUS Beau. 

On March 30, 18S3, a small specimen much mutilated washed up in the tide-hole, covered with 
small amphipods (Onisimus littoralis). Radial formula : D. 43; A. 37 ; C. 12; P. 38. Museum 
No. 33,949. 

COTTID^E. 

9. COTTUS DECASTRENSIS Knerr. 

(Kii'n-ai-6 ; ku'l-ai-6). 

These were obtained wherever Boreogadus saida was taken, but always in comparatively small 
numbers. 

10. COTTUS QUADRICORNIS Linn. 

This species was taken with the preceding, and the young were plenty in our lagoon, close to 
the outlet, in September, and also in the shoal water of Elson Bay, at Pergniak. Captain Heren- 
deen brought in a small specimen of this species taken in a tributary of Meade River, some 80 or 
90 miles from the sea. Its colors when fresh were: Ventrals, lower edge of pectorals, branchioste- 
gal membrane, and edge of mouth, bright vermilion. Back, dark olive, shading through dark 
slate to white on the belly. 

MIOROSTOMID^E. 

11. OSMERUS DE2TTEX Steindachner. 

(ithodniii). 

In February, 1883, a Kuugmeun Eskimo brought in a large number of tuese smelts, which he 
said were caught with hook and line in " The River" (" Ku"), supposed to run into Wainwright's 
Inlet. The species was well known to 'the natives at Point Barrow, who said that it occurred 
nowhere in the immediate neighborhood, and was always taken with hook and line. 

12. MALLOTUS VILLOSUS (Miiller) Cuv. 

Iii 1882, after the sea was fairly opened, that is, about the 20th of July, these fish appeared 
along the beach in small numbers at first. A few days later they were passing up the shore close 
to the beach in very large schools, all moving northeast, and occasionally running into the mouths 
of the lagoons. 

By July 25 they had all passed, and one female only was observed in the autumn. She was 
seined with a number of Polar Cod on September 5 close to the beach. None at all were noticed 
in the summer of 1883. 



132 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

COEEGONLTX3B. 
13. COREGONUS LAURETTiE Bean. 

This species appears to be abundant in the large rivers (Meade Eiver and Kuaru) flowing into 
the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow, as large numbers were brought in frozen by the Eskimo 
deer-hunters, generally badly mutilated and unfit for preservation. 

The rivers are visited in October and early November, and again in February, March, and 
April, when the fish are caught in gill-nets set under the ice. Many natives also visit the rivers 
when they are open in summer and find fish plenty, but bring none home. The species also occurs 
in summer in the shoal- water bays east of Point Barrow, and is taken rather sparingly iu gill-nets 
at Pergniak, Elson Bay, where we also caught a few young ones in our seine. Captain Herendeen 
visited the rivers iu October, 1882, and brought in several specimens of this species in good condi- 
tion, with other whitefish. 

14. COREGONUS NELSONI Bean. 

We obtained this species of large size from the rivers, where it appears abundant. It was not 
obtained at Elson Bay. "" 

15. COREGONUS KENICOTTI Milner. 

This species appears to be the most abundant at the rivers, and attains a large size. It was 
not obtained in Elson Bay. 

SALMONID^E. 
16. SALVELINUS MALMA (Walb.) Jordan & Gilbert. 

In the autumn of 1882 we obtained from a native a piece of the dried skin of one of these 
fishes. He said that he took it in the sea, near the mouth of the Colville Eiver, and that they were 
so plenty that they fed the dogs with them. 

Just as we were preparing to abandon the station in August, 1883, the Eskimos brought in a 
couple of large specimens of this species which had been taken in the gill-nets at Pergniak. They 
were a very pale, "sea-run" form, with the spots hardly perceptible. 

When we were at Unalaska, in September, 1883, Dr. Wilson, of Lieutenant Schwatka's party, 
and I found this trout plenty in the stream back of the village. They were rather pale and silvery 
as if in the habit of running to the sea, and took small, dark flies greedily. 

They are also plenty and large in the small lakes at Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. 

17. ONCHORHYNCHUS ep. 

A large salmon was brought down from Pergniak in July, 1882, but was mutilated and was 
used for food. The season of 1883 was so backward that we were unable to secure any specimens 
before abandoning the station. 

I suspect this to have been 0. nerJca. 

18. ONCHORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (Walb.) Gill and Jordan. 

This species occurs sparingly in the salt water at Pergniak, Elson Bay, where it is taken in 
the gill-nets, in July and August. 



IV.-IN SECTS. 



INTRODUCTORY — BY JOHN MURDOCH. 



The shortness of the summer season rendered the collecting of insects difficult and unsatisfac- 
tory, and the difficulty was increased by the engrossing nature of the other zoological^ and physical 
-work of the station. The season at which insects could be collected was precisely the time when 
the collecting of birds and their eggs was at its height, and the time of the party was pretty fully 
occupied. 

Nevertheless, a small collection of insects was made and turned over to Prof. 0. V. Riley, 
Curator of Insects, TJ. S. National Museum, for studj 7 . As will be seen by his report, which follows, 
insects were obtained belonging to the following orders and species : 

NEUEOPTEEA. 

Leptocerus sp. 
Oligoplectrum morosum ? 

COLEOPTEEA. 

Amaru obtusa. 
Chrysomela montivagans. 

D1PTEEA. 

Scatophaga sp. 
Cordylura sp. 
Chironomus spp. 
Anthomyia spp. 
Ctenophora spp. 
CEdemagena tavandl. 
Urocerus flavicomis. 
A Tachinid fly. 

LEPIDOPTEEA. 

Laria rossii. 

An Arctian moth. 

HYMENOPTEEA. 

Bombus moderatus. 
Bombus sylvicola. 

A species of Podurid and a spider were also turned over to Professor Eiley. 

133 



134 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

The following is Professor Riley's report: 
REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF INSECTS MADE AT POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 
By O. V. Riley, Curator of Insects, United States National Museum. 

No. 1, found swarming around the dead bodies at the Eskimo cemetery, June 22, 1882, is a 
species of Scatophaga and, in all probability, undescribecl. It comes nearest to the reddish-haired 
specimens of S. stercoraria Linn., a form common to both Europe and America, but Dr. S. W. 
Williston, to whom specimens were referred, considers it distinct. The arista is bare, the bristles 
are fewer, weaker, and shorter, and the cross- veins of the wing are narrowly but strongly clouded. 
In the twelve specimens examined there is some variation in these respects and in the coloration of 
the legs. Judging from the known habits of the genus to which the species belongs there can be 
little question that the larva would be found preying upon dead animal and stercoraceous matter. 

No. 2, which is reported rather abundant near the pools all over the tundra, but keeping very 
quiet except on the occasional calm and warm days, represents three different species of Chirono- 
mus, most of the specimens too poor to identify. The observations of their habits correspond to 
the well-known aquatic habits of the genus. 

No. 3, taken near the station, June 22, is also a species of Scatophaga, showing some points of 
difference from No. 1, but probably only varietal. 

No. 4, found not commonly flying around sunny banks, is one of the Crane-flies (Tipulidae) 
belonging to the genus Ctenophora. There are two species represented by the number, both 
apparently new. The larvse'of these flies dwell in meadows, feeding on the roots of grass. 

No. 5, which hatched from a cocoon in the house, is a female, imperfectly developed, of Laria 
rossii Curt., one of the Bombycidae, common in Europe and North America, and originally de- 
scribed under the genus Dasychira. It is a rare species. 

Nos. G and 7, which are described as parasites from cocoons similar to that of No. 5, represent 
two very different Dipterous insects. No. G is a Tachinid the habits of which are well known to 
be parasitic upon Lepidopterous larva?. The specimens are too much damaged for proper identi- 
fication, and, in fact, the whole group needs proper working up, there being already upwards of 
200 undetermined species in my own collection and in that of the Department of Agriculture. 
The species comes nearest to one I have reared from the beautiful Lepidopteron, Eudryas grata. 
No. 7 is, on the contrary, not parasitic, but a species of Chironomus and having, without doubt, 
similar aquatic habits to No. 2. 

No. 8 is an Anthomyia that from the soiled material cannot well be identified, but is very near 
to A. sew. Riley, the habits of which will be found recorded in the first Report on the Insects of 
Missouri, p. 154. 

No. 9, taken June 27, is also a Tachinid identical with No. G. 

No. 10, which was found not uncommon in the dryer and sunny spots in the tundra from May 
till July, is Amara obtusa Le Conte, family Garabida;. The species was originally described from 
Alaska and does not appear to exteud further south and east. Among the seven specimens col- 
lected, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, to whom I referred them, finds the following variations which are of 
interest to record though parallel series are known to occur in other arctic Coleoptera. Two spec- 
imens have the elytra decidedly more parallel on the sides and consequently the apex more sud- 
denly rounded; the basal punctatiou of the thorax is well marked in three specimens, while in the 
remaining four the middle of the base is more or less smooth, the sculpture of the elytra! stria? is 
very strong in some and nearly obsolete in other specimens. The color of antenna?, elytra, and 
legs varies from red to piceous. 

Under No. 11 there are three different insects : (1) the same Anthomyia included under No. 
8; (2) a single specimen of a Neuropterous insect belonging to the Perlid genus Leptocertis Leach, 
very much damaged and unfit for study; (3) a siugle specimen of another species of crane-fly be- 
longing also to the genus Ctenophora, but differing from No. 4, and also, according to Dr. Willis- 
ton, a new species. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 135 

No. 12, taken July 11, 18S2, near the bouse, is Urocems jluvicornis Fabr. (family Uroceridre), 
a rather small specimen. This is an iusect rather widely distributed, and its larva, as is the habit 
of the genus, doubtless either fed in the stem or trunk of some shrub or tree growing at Point 
Barrow, or may have issued from timber taken to the Point for building purposes* 

No. 13, taken along the dryer edge of the tundra, is again an Anthomyid, small, but allied to 
No. 8, but under the same number there is a single specimen of another Dipteron belonging to the 
genus Cordylura, and, so far as I have ascertained, uudescribed but closely related to C. gilvipes. 
It belongs to the same family with Scatophaga, and, without doubt, has similar habits. There is 
also under this number a single, very much damaged, specimen of a Neuropterous insect belonging 
to the family Phryganidae or caddis-flies. So far as the specimen permits an opinion, it comes near 
Oligoplectrum morosum McLachlan. 

No. 14 contains two different species of Bumble-bees, the one Bombiis moderalus Oresson, the 
other the common boreal form of B. sylvicola Kirby. 

No. 15, found on the shore of the lagoon, is another specimen of the Tipulid genus Ctenophora 
and without much question the female of one of those of No. 4. 

No. 16. I find no insect with this number. 

tNo. 17. A boreal Arctian ( ); also common to Europe and America. 

No. IS, caught near the house, is the well-known gad-fly (CEdemagena tarandi Linn.) of the 
reindeer ( Cervus tarandus var. arctieus), which suffer much from the larvae making their way through 
the skin. 

Of the alcoholic material, No. 049, found in the stomach of a bird (Centrophanes lapponicus) , 
belongs to the genus Chrysomela (family Chrysomelidce, or leaf-beetles), and appears to be referable 
to Ch. montivagans Le Conte. Of this particular group of Chrysomela (Chrysomela sens, str.), 
characterized by the thickened thoracic margin, only a few species are known to occur in North 
America, in the majority of which the specific characters are very feebly expressed, the number 
of species thus becoming more or less opinionative. Whether or not the only specimen from Point 
Barrow is correctly referred to the above species must be left undecided until more complete 
material from different localities can be compared. Le Conte described montivagans from the high 
alpine region of Central Colorado, and the typical specimens are much larger and more brilliantly 
colored than that from Point Barrow. 

Most of the species are quite interesting, as is generally the ease with species collected in 
such regions, where proper notes are made in connection with them. The misfortune is, however, 
that most of the material is too poor for proper specific identification or description. It is for this 
reason that I do not care to accompany this report with descriptions of the new species, though I 
may send in descriptions of some of them before the report is published if I can find time to make 
the necessary critical comparisons. It is preferable, however, to leave them for the present uude- 
scribed until such time as some specialist shall work up the particular families or groups to which 
they belong. There is little gain to entomology in describing such fragmentary material, and it 
should not be done except where absolutely required. 

* The latter is probably the case, as there are no trees or shrubs large enough to maintain the insect growing at 
Point Barrow. — J. M. 

tThis insect, though perfect when turned in, was accidentally destroyed in the laboratory at the Agricultural De- 
partment. —J. M. 



V. -MARINE INVERTEBRATES 

(EXCLUSIVE OE MOLLFSKS.) 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



The collections and observations upon which the following report is based were made by the 
writer and Sergeant Middleton Smith, naturalists and observers, assisted by the other members 
of the party, especially by Lieut. P. H. Eay, commanding, and Capt. E. P. Herendeen, who took 
especial care of the dredging and seining operations. 

Collecting was attended with considerable difficulty on account of the short season during 
which the sea was free from ice, but it is believed that the collection gives a fair representation of 
the marine fauna of the region. 

It will be seen to be purely Arctic in character, showing many striking points of resemblance 
to that of Greenland and the Arctic Ocean of the Old World, and offering but little analogy to 
the fauna of the North Pacific. 

A report on the Medusae observed by the writer, prepared by Dr. J. W. Fewkes, of Cambridge, 
has been incorporated with the following, which also includes a description of the few fresh- water 
invertebrates collected. 

The Mollusks have been submitted to Mr. W. H. Dall, of the Smithsonian Institution, who 
presents a separate report on them. 



NUMBER OF SPECIES COLLECTED OB OBSERVED. 

Pycnogoaida 2 

Crustacea 44 

Vermes 20 

EcMnodermata 17 

Anthozoa 4 

Hydrozoa 17 

Mollusca 61 

Tunicata 6 

Brachiopoda 1 

Polyzoa - 5 

Porifera 3 

Total 180 

136 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

CRUSTACEA. 

Decapoda. 

BRAOHYURA. 

1. CHIONOECBTES OPILIO (Fabr.) Kr. 



137 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1780 
1788 

1838) 
1849 S 

1850 

1857) 
18585 

1867 
1873 

1875 

1879 
1882 
1882 
1883 




Fauna Groenlandica, p. 234 (sp. 214) (not of J. C. Fabricius, 1775). 
Det Kongelige Danske Vidensk. Selskaba Skr., nye Samling, iii, 

p. 181, with plate. 
NaturhistoriskTidsskrift, i Baekke, ii, p. 249 (1838) ; in Gaimard, 

Voyages en Scandinavie, enLaponie, au Spitzberg et aux Feroe, 

Crust, pi. 1. 
Carcinologische Beitritgc. Arcbiv fiir Naturgcschickte, xxii, p. 

105, pi. 1, fig. 1. 
Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, vi, p. 84 (1857) ; 

Journal Boston Soc. Nat. 'Hist., vi, p. 448 (8) (1857) ; Proceedings 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1857, p. 27 (23) (1858) 

(young). 
Memoirs Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, i, p. 302. 
Kcport on a second deep-sea dredging expedition to the Gulf of 

St. Lawrence (in 1872), p. 15. 
(Nominal) List of the Crustacea of Greenland, Arctic Manual, 

p. 146. 
Transactions Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, v, p. 41. 
Tega-Expeditionens Vetenskapligalakttagelser, i, pp. 714, 715. 
A Monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska, p. 137. 
Proceedings H. S. National Museum, vi, p. 224. 






Cliionoccetes behringianus, Stimpson < 

















Two small males were captured in the rich haul of the dredge, made ten miles west of Point 
Franklin, in 13£ fathoms of water, August 31, 1883. Nordenskiold found this species very abundant 
in Bering Strait and in the Arctic Ocean north of the strait. According to Elliott (loc cit.) this 
crab is very abundant on the island of St. Paul, of the Pribyloff group, though not found on St. 
George, and is of great value as an article of food. 

The species is well known from Greenland, where it was originally described, Labrador, and 
as far south on the American coast as New England (in deep water), from Siberia, the Arctic 
Ocean, and Bering Strait. 

The specimens obtained agree in proportions with Stimpson's C. behringianus, from nearly the 
same locality. This species, however, according to Smith, was based on young specimens of C. 
opilio, such as ours are. 

The specific name phalangium, originally applied to this species, was rejected by Otho Fabricius 
himself, on the ground, as he expressly states, that he found it preoccupied by Cancer phalangium 
J. 0. Fabricius {Stenorhynchus phalangium M. Edw.). Having been able to consult O. Fabricius's 
original description of Cancer opilio, I find that it was published in 1788, which settles the question 
of priority over C. opilio J. 0. Fabricius (1793), and establishes the specific name opilio for this 
species. 

2. HYAS LATIFRONS Stimpson. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1857 
1879 


Hyas latifrons, Stimpson 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 217. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 45. 







Three large males were picked up on the beach near the station, one dry, in the spring of 1883, 
and the other two fresh, August 23, 1882. One small male was also dredged in 13J fathoms, on 
the rich bottom of small pebbles, sand, and broken shells, ten miles west of Point Franklin, August 
31, 1883. This crab was well known to the natives of Point Barrow, who called it by the name 
" Kinaura." 

I have carefully examined Dr. Stimpson's types of Hyas latifrons in the National Museum, and 
compared our specimens with them. I find our specimens indistinguishable from Dr. Stimpson's 
types, and differing from a typical Hyas coarctatus from Greenland only in the shape of the rostrum, 
which is slightly shorter and less acute. 

Smith (loc. cit.) pronounces H. latifrons a good species, and I have accordingly followed his 
authority in recording the species. 
H. Ex. 44—13 



138 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



ANOMOUEA. 
3. EUPAGURUS TRIGONOCHEIRUS Stimpson. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1858 


Eupagurus trigonocheirus, Stimpson 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Soi., Phila., 1858, p. 249. 



This species was found washed up ou the beach near the station in considerable abundance 
during the mouths of July and August, after the sea had opened completely. It was also found in the 
gullet of Somateria spectabilis shot near the station. Comparatively few were dredged off Point 
Franklin in 13£ fathoms, and a few were also dredged at the head of Norton Sound in 5 fathoms 
on a pebbly bottom. 

Our series of specimens have been carefully compared with identified specimens of E.pubeseens 
and E. Kroyeri from the eastern coast (its nearest allies). The species is very closely related to E. 
Kroyeri, but shows the following well-marked and constant differences in the form and proportions 
of the chelipeds: Hand of right cheliped in Kroyeri twice as long as broad; in trigonocheirus, 
generally less than twice as long as broad, often much less. Outer or right-hand margin of hand 
in Kroyeri slightly concave ; in trigonocheirus strongly arched, except in very large specimens, 
almost exactly as in E. pubescens. Hand of left cheliped in trigonocheirus nearly the same as in 
Kroyeri, but stouter in proportion, and with the outer surface, between the keel and the margin, 
more concave than in Kroyeri. 

Stimpson's types of E. trigonocheirus appear to have been destroyed in the Chicago fire, and 
consequently the only means we have left of identifying the species is his Latin description (loc. cit.). 
Onr species differs so much from E. Kroyeri that it must be considered at least a well-marked variety. 

As, however, it agrees so closely with Stimpson's description quoted above, it seems preferable 
to regard it as Stimpson's E. trigonocheirus, especially as Stimpson described the species Kroyeri 
after he had described trigonocheirus. 

Stimpson gives as the habitat of this species, "Iu Oceauo Arctico et in freto Beringiano vul- 
garis ; sublittoralis, et ad profund. 10-20 org. inventus." 

4. EUPAGURUS SPLENDESCENS (Owen). 



Year. Name. 


Citations. 


1839 


lagurusspen cs e s, wen 


Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, p. 81, pi. sx.y, fig. 1. 





This species is easily recognizable by its long, slender left hand, and the beautiful iridescent 
colors of the carapace and claws. 

One small specimen was dredged in 15 fathoms on a muddy bottom off Point Barrow, August 
8, 1883. Two other small ones were obtained off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms August 31, 1883, 
and six good-sized individuals, four of them females bearing eggs, were dredged with the other 
Hermit Crabs at the head of Norton Sound in 5 fathoms, September 12, 1SS3. 

Dr. Leonhard Stejneger also obtained this species at the Commander Islands. 

MACEOUEA. 
5. CRANGON VULGARIS J. C. Fabricius ex Linne. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1839 
1852 
1857 

1863J 
1867s 
1879 
1883) 




Zoology of Beechey's Voy., p. 87. 

TJ. S. Exploring Expedition, Crustacea, p. 53G, ii. p. 561. 

Proceedings California Acad. Nat. Sci.,i, p. 89 ; Journ. Bost. Soc. 

Nat. Hist,, vi, p. 56. 
Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, viii, p. 425; Mem. Bost. Soc. 

Nat, Hist, i, p. 302. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 55. 
Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Mus.,vi, p. 225. 


Crangon vulgaris, nana 

Crangon nigricauda, Stimpson 

Crangon vulgaris, Packard < 

Crangon vulgaris, Smith < 

! 



A. single specimen was dredged in 5 fathoms at the head of Norton Sound, September 12, IS83. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 
6. CHERAPHILUS BOREAS (Phipps) Kinahan. 



139 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


17T4 
1780 
1800 
1824 
1835 
1839 
1842? 
18435 
1851 
1852 

1855 

iseo 

1864 
3874 

1875 
1877 
1877 
1878 

1879 
1881 

18S2 
1883 


Cancer homaroidcs, Fabricius 

Crangon boreas, Sabine 

Crangon boreas, Owen 


Voyage, towards the North Pole, p. 235. 

Fauna Greenland ica, sp. 218 ; Mohr, Islands Naturhist., n. 245, t. 5. 

Zoiilogia Danica, las. iv, p. 14, pi. 132; fig. 1. 

Supplement to tho Appendix to Parry's Voyage, p. 235. 

Second Voyage, ii, p. lxxxi. 

Zoology, Beochey's Voyage, p. 87. 

Nat. Tids., i K., iv, p. 218, pi. iv, f. 1-14. 

Sibirische Eeise, Zoology, p. 114 (teste Sthupson). 

In Sutherland's Journal of a Voyago in Baffin's Bay and Bar- 
row's Straits, ii; App., p. ecv. 

In Belcher's "Last of the Arctic Voyages," ii, \>. 402. 

Proc. Acad. Nat, Soi., Phila., xii, p. 25. 

Proceedings Royal Irish Acad., viii, p. 68. 

Zwcito Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, ii, p. 271. 

( Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 146. 

Annals and Magazino of Natural History, scr. 4, xix, p. 133. 

Anuals and Magazine of Natural History, xx, p. 60. 

Deukschrifton der kaiserliche Akadciu. der Wissenschaften, 
Wien, xxxv. p. 26. 

Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 56. 

Anuals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, vii, p. 46. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 695, 713. 

Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 224. 






Crangon boreas. Bell 


Gheraphilus boreas, Kinahan 


Cra ngon boreas, Liitken 








Crangon (Chcraphilus) boreas, Miers 


Ceraphilus boreas, Smith 



One good-sized specimen was picked up on the beach near the station. The species was 
dredged in considerable numbers, both large and small, in 13 1 fathoms, off Point Franklin, aud a 
few large ones were the only Crustacea taken off Port Clarence. It is well known from Arctic and 
northern seas generally. 

7. NECTOCRANGON LAR (Owen) Brandt. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1839 
1842 
1851 
1860 
1867 
1874 


Argis lar, Kroyer 

Nectocrangon lar, Stimpson 

Argis lar, Packard 


Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, p. 88, pi. xxxviii, fig. 1. 

Nat. Tids., i K., iv.'p. 255, figs. 45-62.. 

Sibirische Reise, Zoiil., 115 (teste Stimpson). 

Proc. Acad. !Nat. Sci., Phila., xii, p. 25. 

Mem. Lost. Soc, Nat. Hist., 1, p. 302. 

On recent deep-sea dredging in tho Gulf of St. Lawrence, from 

Amer. Journ. of Science and Arts, vii, p. 215 (5). 
(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 146. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 61. 
Voga-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 713. 
Proc. TJ". S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 225. 


1875 
1879 

1882 


Argis lar, Liitken 

Nectocrangon la r, Smith 


1S83 








One single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station. This species has been 
quoted from Greenland, along the eastern coast of America as far as Cape Sable, Nova Scotia; 
also, from the Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait, and in Bering Sea. 



8. HIPFOLYTE FABRICII Kr. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1841 

1860 

1863( 

1867 s 

1871 

1875 

1879i 

187S> 

1S83S 




Nat. Tids., i B., iii, p. 571; Det Kongolige Danske Videnska- 

bernes Selskabs Afhandlingaf, ix, p. 277, tab. I, figs. 12-20. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci , Phila., xii, p. 35. 
Can. Nat. and Geol., viii, p. 421 (24). 
Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 302. 
Annals Lye, of Nat, Hist, of New Vork, x, p. 120. 
(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. 
Traus. Conn. Aeacl. Arts mid Sci., v, p. 63. 
Bulletin TJ. S. Nat. Mus., No. 15, p. 139. 
Proe. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 225. 




Hippolytefabricii, Packard 


{ 




{ 



A single individual of thi:: species was dredged among the other Hippolytcs off Point Franklin, 
August 31, 1SS3. It has been found on the Atlantic coast of America from Massachusetts Bay to 
Greenland, and also in Avatscha Bay, Kamschatka. 



L 



„ 



140 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



9. HIPPOLYTE GAIMARDII M. Edw. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1837 
1841 
1842 
1842 
1853 
1855 
1860 
1803 
18C3 
1867 
1871 
1875 
1877 
1879 
1882 
1883 


Hippolyte gaimardii, Milne Edwards 

Hippolyte gaimardii et gibba, Kroyer 


Histoire Natnrelle des Crustaeees, ii, p. 378. 

Nat. Tids., i P., iii, p. 572. 

Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhand., ix, p. 282, pi. 1, figs. 21-29. 

Op. cit., p. 288, pi. i, fig. 30 ; pi. ii, fi£!>. 31-37. 

British Stalkeyed Crustacea, p. 294. 

In Belcher's "Last of tho Arctic Voyages," ii, p. 402, pi. 34, fig. 1. 

Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., xii, p. 35. 

Ofversigt Vetenskaps-Akadcmiens Porhandlingar, xx, p. 168. 

Canad. Sat. and Geol., viii, p. 424. 

Mem. Bost. Soc. Sat. Hist, i, p. 302. 

Annals Lye. Sat. Hist, of Sew York, x, p. 126. 

(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. 

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, xix, p. 134. 

Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 67, pi. x, figs. 8 and 9. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 698 et sen:, (passim.) 

Proc. TJ. S. Sat. Mus., vi, pp. 219 and 225. 


Hippolyte gibba, Krijver. .' 




Hippolyte gibba, StimpsoD 


Hippolyte gaimardii, Packard 

















One specimen was picked up on the beach near the station in the autumn of 18S2. 

We found this species very plentiful oft' Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms of water, August 31, 
1883. Of ninety-one individuals taken in a single haul of the dredge, one only was a female 
bearing eggs. 

The species is known from G-rinnell Land south to Massachusetts, from Spitzbergen, Norway, 
the southern Baltic, and Scotland; also from Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean north of the 
strait. 

10. HIPPOLYTE SPINUS "White. 



Year. 


Same. 


Citations. 


1805 

1813? 

1814 S 

1817 

1835 

1841! 

18425 

1847 

1853 

1860 

1863 

1871 

1874 

1875 
1879 
1883 




British Miscellany, p. 47, pi. 23. 

Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Tii, p. 431 ; Amer. ed., Tii, p. 271 ; Trans. 
Linnsean Soc. of London, xi, p. 347. 

Malacostraca Podolphthalmata Brittannia?, pi. 39. 

App. Ross' Voyage, p. 83, t, B, fig. 2. 

Sat. Tids., i P., iii, p. 573 (1841); Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Af- 
hand., xx, p. 298 (1842). 

List of Crustacea in the British Museum, p. 76. 

Biitish Stalkeyed Crustacea, p. 284. 

Proc. Acad. Sat. Sci. Phil., xii, p. 34. 














OfVers. Vetensk. Akad. Portland., xx, p. 169. 

Annals Lye. of Nat. Hist, of Sew York, x, p. 126. 

Pecent deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St- Lawrence, 

p. 5 — from Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, Tii. 
(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 147. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 68. 
Proc. TJ. S. Sat. Mus., vi, pp. 219, 225. 















Two small specimens which have the spine of the third pleonal segment less strongly devel- 
oped than it is in the typical specimens of H. spintis in the National Museum, were dredged among 
the other Hippolytes off Point Franklin in 13 1 fathoms, August 31, 1883. 

It is known from the Atlantic coast of North America from Massachusetts to Greenland; from 
Spitzbergen, Norway, and Scotland, and Stimpson found it in Bering Strait. 

11. HIPPOLYTE PHIPPSII Kr. 



Year. 


Same. 


Citations. 


'l841 

1841 
1842 

1842 
1860 
1863 
1867 
1871 
1874 

1877 
1879 
1883 




Sat. Tids.,i P., iii, p. 575 (cT). 
Sat. Tids., i R., iii, p. 575 ( $ ). 
Kong. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Afh., ix,p. 308, pi. ii, figs. 57-58, and pi. 

iii, 59-63. 
Op. cit., p. 314, pi. iii, figs. 64-68. 
Proc. Acad. Sat. Sci. Phila., xii, p. 34. 






Hippolyte phippsii, Kroyer 




OfV. Vetensk. Akad. Porhand., xx, p. 169. 

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 301. 

Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, x, p. 125 ( <J Tar. ). 

Pecent deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 

from Am. Journ. of Sci. and Arts, Tii. March, 1874, p. 5. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xx, p. 62 (12). 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., t, p. 73. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Ti, pp. 220, 225. 


Hippolyte phippsii et turgida, Packard 













Dredged in considerable numbers off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms, August 31, 1883. 
nineteen specimens taken at one haul of the dredge, four were females carrying eggs. 
This is a circumpolar species, extending as far south as Massachusetts. 



Out of 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 141 

12. PANDALUS DAPIFER Murdoch. 

(Plate— ,figs.— .) 
1884, Pandahts dajjifcr, Murdoch. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. vii, p. 519. 

Description. — Length of carapace (including rostrum) contained about 2£ times in total 
length. Rostral carina beginning about the middle of the carapace, and armed with two or three 
teeth. Rostrum exceedingly long, nearly 1£ times the length of the carapace, slender and tapering, 
slightly curved up, with 5 to 7 teeth on the upper edge, running only about one-third of the length 
of the rostrum, leaving the rest unarmed to the tip. Lower edge with 4 or 5 teeth, the anterior 
tooth a short distance from the tip. Eyes large, pyriform, and black. Peduncle of antennule 
reaches about to middle of antennal scale, and its distal segment is about one-third the length 
of the preceding. Internal flagelluni of antennule slender, reaching nearly to end of rostrum; 
external about two-thirds as long as internal, much thickened nearly to the tip, where it suddenly 
becomes slender. Antennal scale a little more than half as long as the rostrum. External maxilli- 
peds long and slender, reaching nearly to the tip of the antennal scale, or about to the middle of 
the rostrum. First pair of legs very slender, reaching to the tips of the outer maxillipeds. Second 
(chelate) legs unequal : left very long and slender, reaching to the tip of the rostrum, carpus 
inultiarticulate, with about 25 joints, of which the distal twenty or so are separated by distinct 
articulations; right leg much shorter, reaching only to the tip of antennal scale, with a carpus of 
about 7 joints only; distal joint of carpus in each leg equal in length to preceding two, the rest 
about as long as broad. Eight chela a little the larger, both alike otherwise, hardly stouter than 
the carpus ; digits equal, slighlly gaping, and a little shorter than the basal portion. Third, fourth, 
and fifth pairs of legs long and slender, reaching nearly to the tip of the antennal scale. Abdo- 
men rounded above, except the third segment, which is compressed and keeled. This keel is 
produced into a blunt backward-pointing hook in the male. Sixth segment once and a half as 
long as the fifth, and equal in length to the telson. Telsou rounded at the tip, and armed with 
three pairs of spines. Dredged in abundance off Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms, August 31, 1883. 
Museum No., 7881. 

SOHIZOPODA. 

13. MYSIS RAYII Murdoch. 

(Plate — , figs. — ). 
1884, Mysis raijii, Murdoch. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vii, p. 519. 

This was dredged in rather large numbers, not far from the shore, about half a mile above the 
station, in about 5 fathoms of water, on a bottom of mud and sand mixed, August 13, 1882. Some 
of the females were still carrying eggs in the brood-pouches. This species belongs to the same 
division of the genus as M. vulgaris, having the telson entire and the antennal scale fringed on both 
sides with setae. It may at once be distinguished from M. vulgaris by the shape of the rostrum, 
which is quadrangular, with rounded corners. 

Description. — Rather slender, with the cephalothorax a little narrower in front than the rest 
of the body. Carapace of medium length, exposing only the dorsal portion of the last thoracic 
segment. Rostrum lamellar, quadrangular, with the antero-lateral angles rounded, about as broad 
as long, reaching half the length of the ocular peduncles. Eyes not large, hemispherical ; peduncles 
clavate, stout. Peduncle of antennule about one-third the length of the carapace, bearing two 
flagella, about equal to the carapace in length. Antennal scale sharply lanceolate, about as long 
as the carapace, bearing setae on both edges, and armed at the tip with a sharp spine. Antennae 
about as long as the body. Legs medium, with tarsi of eight or nine joints. Telson about half 
the length of the cephalothorax, lanceolate, channeled deeply above for its whole length, with apex 
truncated, entire, and fringed with short stout seta?. Uropods long> with the inner lamina as long 
as the telson, and the outer more than twice as long. 

Transparent, with a few arborescent black pigment spots. Length between 60 and 65 mm . 

The species is respectfully dedicated to the commanding officer of the expedition, Lieut. P. H. 
Ray, Eighth Infantry, U. S. A., who was superintending the dredging. at the (time 4t was taken. 
Museum Nos., 7880 and 7892. 



142 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



CUMACEA. 



14. DIASTYLIS RATHKII var. 



Two individuals of a large species of Diastylis were obtained, one on the beaclinear the station 
and one in the rich haul of tbe dredge off Point Franklin. Both specimens were more or less bat- 
tered, but as far as can be made out agree very closely with the published descriptions and National 
Museum specimens of D. ratlikii, except in having the dorsal keel smooth anteriorly instead of 
serrated. 

I have ventured to record these as possibly a variety of J). rathJcii. which, as is well known, is 
circumpolar in its distribution, but dare not hazard any further conclusions on account of insuffi- 
ciency of material. 

15. DIASTYLIS sp. 

16. DIASTYLIS sp. 

Two other small species of Diastylis were also obtained by the expedition, one close to the 
station, in 2£ fathoms of water, and the other off Point Franklin. 

I have been unable to identify them with any of the means within my reach, and am inclined 
to believe that they are undescribed. In view, however, of the difficulty of the group and the 
insufficiency of the literature at my command, I have concluded to record them simply as above. 



ISOPODA. ' 
17. ARCTURITS HYSTRIX G. O. Sars. 



Tear. 



1876 



Name. 



Arcturus hystrix, G. O. Sars . . 



Citations. 



Arcbir for Mathematik og Natnrvidenskab, ii, p. 350 (250). 



Three small individuals were dredged on the rich bottom off Point Franklin, in 13i fathoms. 
I am indebted to Mr. Oscar Harger, of New Haven, Conn., for the identification of this species. 

18. CHIRIDOTEA ENTOMON (Lin.), Harger. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1774 

3774 
1839 
1882 




Spicilegia Zoologica, fasc. 9, t. 14, pp. 64-66. 
Mem. do 1'Acad. de St. Petersbourg, v, 93. 
Zoology of tbe Blossom, p. 91. 

Vesa-Exped., Vetensk, Iakt. i, pp. 693 et seq. (passim), fig. on p. 
719. 






Idothea entomon, Stuxberg 



Only three specimens were obtained, and these were washed up on the beach. Stuxberg 
(loc. cit.) gives the distribution as confined to the northern coast of the Old World, from the Varauger 
Fjord in the west to Bering Strait in the east, thence extending down into Bering Sea to Kamt- 
schatka and the Sea of Okhotsk; also in the Baltic, the lakes of Sweden and Russia, the Caspian 
Sea, the Sea of Aral, and Lake Baikal. 

There are, however, many specimens in the National Museum (No. 2430) sent by Macfarlane, 
from the Anderson River region, thus extending the range much farther to the east. It was also 
collected by Nelson at Saint Michael's, Alaska. 

19. CHIRIDOTEA SABINEI (Kr.) Harger. 



Year. Name. 


Citations. 


1824 




Suppl. App. Parry's Voy., p. 227. 

Naturbistorisk Tidsskrift, ii Ii.. ii, p. 395; Voyage, tab. 27, fig. 1. 
In Sutberland's Journal of a Yoyago in Baffin's Bay and Barrow- 
Strait, ii, app., p. ccvii. 
Belcber's Last of tbo Arctic Voyages, p. 40S. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual. )>. 149. 
Denkscbr. d. K. Akad. d. AViss , xxxv, p. 22. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., p. 697 et seq. (passim), fig. on p. 716. 


1847 




1852 




1855 
1875 
1878 
1862 




Idothea entomon, Liitkeu 

Idothea sabini, Heller 

Idothea sabini, Stuxberg 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAItliOW, ALASKA. 



143 



This species was rather abundant and of large size on the muddy bottom along the shore in 
2£ to 15 fathoms. Only a few females were obtained. It was very often found washed up on the 
beach during the season of open water, and occurred in especially large numbers after the great 
gales of October, 1881. 

It is circumpolar in its distribution. 

20. STNIDOTBA BICUSPIDA (Owen) Harger. 



Tear. 
1839 


Name. 


Citations. 




Zoology of the Blossom, p. 92, pi. xxvii, fig. 6. 
Mem. Boston Sos. Nat. Hist., i, p. 290, d1. viii, fig. 6. " 




1867 


Idothea marmorata, Packard 




1874 


1 dothea marmorata, VV liiteaves 


Further Deep-Sea Drcdtjiug in the Gulf of Saint Law rence 


p. 15. 


1877 


Idothea bicuspida, Streets and Kingsley . . 


Proo. Essex Institute, ix, p. 108. 




1877 




Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., yii, p. 45. 




1879 


Synidotea bicuspida, Harger 


Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Mils., ii. p. 100. 




1880 




Report TJ. S. Fish Commission for 1878, p. 352. 




1882 


Idothea bicuspida, Stuxberg 


Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., 1, pp. 095 ct scq. (passim). 
Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, p. 231. 




1883 







This species occurred in very great abundance on the rich bottom 10 miles west of Point 
Franklin, in 13J fathoms, and was rather plenty also at the head of Norton Sound, on a pebbly 
bottom, in about 5 fathoms. 

The color when alive is a whitey-brown, clouded with bright crimson, generally forming crimson 
patches on the terga of the segments and on the edges of the epimera, which sometimes coalesce, 
forming bars across the head, the middle, and the end of the thorax. The peduncles of the antennae 
and the middle third of the flagella are bright crimson. 

The species was originally described by Owen (loc. cit.) from the "Arctic seas." Packard 
secured one specimen at Sloop Harbor, Labrador, and it has also been recorded from the Gulf of 
Saint Lawrence. Two specimens (Lockington's Idothea pulchra) were brought by W. J. Fisher 
from the " west coast of Alaska, north of Bering Strait," and two specimens have been obtained 
on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. The Swedish expeditions obtained this species at various 
points along the northern coast of Siberia from Nova Zembla nearly to Bering Strait. 



Amphipoda. 

21. HYPERIA MEDUSARUM (Mull.) Brack. 



Year. 


N*me. 


Citations. 


1770 




Zoiilogiaj Danicse Prodromus, No. 2335, p. 198. 

Keise nach Norwegen, p. 326. 

Linnasan Transactions, xi, p. 4, pi. 2, fig. 2. 

Mem. du Museum, t. xviii, pi. 4. 

Ann ales des Sciences Naturelles, xx, p. 3S8, pi. xi, figs. 1-7. 

Gronlands Amphip. D. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vii, p. 298, pi. iv, 

fig. 19 (9). 
Op. cit., p. 296, pi. iy, fig. 13. 
Catalogue of Ampkipodous Crustacea in the British Museum, p. 

289, pi. xlviii, fig. 4. 
Crustacea amphipoda Maris Spetsbergiam alluentie, &c, Oefv. af 

K. Vetcnsk-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 534. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 158. 
Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, pp. 221, 226. 


Gammarus medusarum, J. C. Fabricius . . . 

Cancer (Gammarus) galba, Montague 

Miella orbignii, Strauss 


1815 


1830 
1838 

1838 
1862 

1865 

1875 
1883 






Leitrigonius Kinahani, Spence Bate 




Hyperia medusarum, Smith 



Several were found under the disk of large medusae (Chrysaora) in the summer of 1883. 
It has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, Norway, and Great Britain. 



144: 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



22. THBMISTO LIBELLULA (Mandt) Goes. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1822 

1835 
1838 
1838 
1863 
18C5 
1870 

1874 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1881 




Observationes iD historia natnrale in itinero grosnlandico facta?, 

Diss., p. 32. 
Appendix to Ross' Voyage, p. lxxxvi. 

Gronl. Amphip. D. Vid'. Selsk. Afhaudl., vii, p. 291, pi. 4, fig. 16. 
Op. cit., p. 295, pi. iv, fig. 17. 
Proc. Pliila. Acad, of Nat. Sci., p. 139. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk-Akad. Foikandl., xxii, p. 533, pi. 44, fig. 33. 
Crustacea Arophipoda borealia et arctica, p. 8 ; Skand. og Arkt. 

Ampuip., p. 88, pi. l.fig. 5. 
2te Deutsche Nordpolarf, ii, p. 385, pi. 15, fig. 1. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 158. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 138. 
Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 29. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 51. 




Themisto arctica, Kroycr 










Thcmisto libellvla, Miers 


Themiisto libellula, Miers 





A single individual was picked up on the beach near the station September 12, 1883. 
The species has been found in Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, Kennedy Harbor (Arctic 
America), and north of Nova Zembla during the voyage of the Tegethoff. 

23. EURYTENES GRYLLUS (Mandt) Goes. 



1 
Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1822 
1848 

1862 
1865 
1865 
1870 
1875 


■ 


Observ., &c.,p. 34. 

Ann. dcs Sci. Nat. Ser. 3, ix, p. 398. 

Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 66, pi. x, fig. 5. 

Acta Upsal., ser. 3, p. 11, pis. 1-3, figs. 1-22. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 517, pi. 36, fig. 1. 

Crust. Ampbip., p. 25 ; Skand. og Arkt. Amphip., p. 144. 

(Nominal li st. ) Arctic Manual , p. 151 . 


Lysianassa magellanica, H. Milne-Ed- 
wards. 

Lysianassa magellanica, Sp. Bate 

Lurytenes magellanicus, Lilljeborg 









This sj)ecies occurred washed up on the beach near the station in considerable numbers in the 
early part of September, 1882. 

Two were dredged just outside the grounded ice in 15 fathoms, August 8, 1883. A few large 
specimens were also obtained off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. 

It has been observed in Greenland, Spitzbergen, and Finmark. 



24. ONISIMUS LITORALIS (Kr.) Bosck. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1845 

1846 

1859 ( 

18605 

1862 

1865 

1870 

1874 

1875 

1878 

1881 

1882 




Nat.Tids.,2K.,i,p.621. 

Nat. Tids., 2 R., ii, p. 36 ; Voyage, pi. 13, fig. 1. 

K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., new series, iii, p. 46. 

Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 86. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 521. 

Crust. Amphip., p. 32. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 302. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 152. 

Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 31, pi. ii, figs. 9-16. 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 51. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 711. . 




Alibrotuslitoralis, Sp. Bate 

















This was always rather abundant in the shoal water along the beach. The specimens pre- 
served in the collection floated up in the tide hole with a small dead fish on which they were feed- 
ing, March 30, 1883. 

This species has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, and the neighborhood 
of Franz Josef Land. " Rather plenty on the surface of the sea at the edge of the ice, as well as 
between the pack-ice" (Heller, loc. cit. tr.). The Vega Expedition obtained it on the northeast 
coast of Siberia, in longitude 177° 28' E. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



145 



25. STEGOCEPHALUS AMPULLA (Phipps) Goes. 
(Xcc auct. =S. inflatus Kr.) 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1774 
1840 
1865 
1870 
1877 
1882 




A Voyage, &c, App., p. 191, pi. xii, fig. 3. 

Histo'ire Natmclle des Crustaeees, iii, p. 22. 

OetV. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii. p. 521, pi. xxxviii, fig. 9. 

(Fait.) Forhandl. Vidensk. Selsk.. p.128. (Crust. Ampbip.) 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 134. 

Vega-Exp. Ycteusk. Iakt., p. 713. 


Lygianassa (?) ampulla, Milne-Edwards .. 






Stegocephalus kcssleri. n. s., Stuxberg 



In the synonymy above given I have only quoted such descriptions as can be undoubtedly 
referred to this species by good figures or otherwise, as two species have been confused under this 
name. Phipps first obtained it in the neighborhood of Spitzbergen and gave an excellent figure 
and description. 

This form does not appear to have been observed again till the Eev. E. A. Eaton brought it 
from Spitzbergen, in the summer of 1S73, except by Goes, who collected both species at Spitz- 
bergen, but considered the difference as perhaps sexual. 

In 1842 and 1844 Kroyer (Nat, Tids., 1 E., iv, p. 150, and 2 E., i, p. 522, pi. 7, fig. 3) established 
tbe genus Stegocephalus for an amphipod brought from Greenland, which he called 8. inflatus. Most 
subsequent writers have considered this a synonym of Cancer ampulla Phipps, and Bell (in 
Belcher's "Last of the Arctic Voyages," ii, p. 406), under the name of 8. ampulla, gives an excel- 
lent figure of 8. inflatus, criticising Pkipps's really very accurate figure as a bad one. 

Miers (loc. cit.), having obtained the two species from Mr. Eaton, was the first to recognize the 
difference and to point out the fact that Kroyer's species was distinct from the one described by 
Phipps. Stegocephalus ampulla was obtained at many places on the Arctic shore of Siberia by the 
Vega Expedition, and Stuxberg, overlooking Miers's paper, considered it a new species which he 
proposed to call & liessleri though he gave no description but only an excellent figure. 

It is quite unlikely that the difference is a sexual one, as suggested by Goes (loc. cit.), because 
Phipps figures both male and female of 8. ampulla, and there are besides well marked differences 
in color between the two species. Moreover, S. ampulla has never been obtained in Greenland, or 
on the eastern coast of North America, where 8. inflatus is of comparatively frequent occurrence. 

26. EUSIRUS CUSFIDATUS Kr. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1845 
1859(> 

1860$ 
1865 
1870 
1875 
1875 
1877 
18S1 




Nat Tids. ii E., i, p. 501, pi. 7, fig. 1 ; Voyage, &c, pi. 19, fig. 2. 

K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handlingar, New Series, iii, p. 63. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. xxii, p. 529. 

Crust. Amphip., p. 76. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 313, pi. 3, fig. 2. 

(Xominallist.) Arctic Manual, p. 156. 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 137. 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 49. 






Eusirus cuspidatus, Bcoek 

Eusirus cuspidatus. Miers 

Eusirus cuspidatus, Miers 



A single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station, September 12, 1882. 
It has been observed in Greenland, Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Franz Josef Land. 

27. RHACHOTROPIS ACULE ATA (Lepech.) Smith. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 




1778 

1824 
1835 
184C 
1852 
1SC2 
1865 
1S70 
.1874 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1881 
1882 
1B83 


Ampldlhoe Edwardsii, Owen 


Acta Eetropolitana, 1778, i, p. 247. pi. 8, fig. 1. 

Suppl. App. Parry's Voy., p. 233, pL 2, figs. 1-4. 

App. Boss' Vovace, ii, p. xc. 

Nat. Tids., ii B., ii, p. 76; Voy. pi. 10, fig. 1. 

In Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, app. p. 

Cat. Amph: Crust., p. 151, pi. xxviii, fig. 5. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. xxii, p. 520. 

Crust. Amph., p. 78. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 310, pi. iv. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 154. 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 137. 

Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss. xxxv, p. 32. 

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vii, p. 49. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., pp. 704, 713, 779. 

Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vi, pp. 222, 229. 


ccvi. 


Amphithoe Edwardsii, Adams 

Amphilhonotus Edwardsii, Sp. Bate 




Amphilhonotus aculeatus, Buchholz 















H, Ex. 44- 



-19 



146 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 



Two individuals were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. 

The species has been recorded from Labrador, Greenland, the Parry Archipelago, Spitzbergen, 
Franz Josef Land, and the Kara Sea. 

28. ACANTHOSTEPHEIA MALMGRENI (Goes) Brack. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1865 

1870 
1874 

1878 
1882 




Of-f v. af K. Vetensk.- Akad. Eorkandl., xxii, p. 526, pi. xxxix, fig. 17. 

Crust. Amphip., p. 83. 

"On Recent Deep-Sea Dredging Operations in the Gulf of St. 

Lawrence," p. 4, from Am. Jotirn. of Sci. and Arts, vii. 
Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss. xxxv, p. 32. 
Yega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., pp. 698 et seq. (passim-). Fig. on p. 

724. 


Acanthosteplieia malmgreni, Brack 

Acantliostcpiheia malmgreni, Whiteaves... 

Acanthosteplieia malmgreni. Holler 

Acanthostepftia malmgreni, Stuxherg 



Four or five specimens vrcre dredged on the muddy bottom close to the station in about 2J 
fathoms. 

The species has been found in Spitsbergen, north of Nova Zembla, towards Franz Josef Land, 
and at several localities during the voyage of the Yega. 

Stuxberg (loc. cit.) gives the range of this species as confined to the Old World from Franz 
Josef Land, Nova Zembla, and Spitzbergen, along the Siberian coast east to Bering Strait. White- 
aves records it from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 



29. PARAMPHITHOE PANOPLA (Kr.) Bruz. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1838 

1853 
1859 
1862 
1862 
1865 
1867 
1867 
3870 
1874 
1875 
1882 
1883 




Kong. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Afliand., vii, p. 270, pi. ii, fig. 9; 

Voyage, pi. ii, fig. 2. 
Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan, p. 52. 
Skand. Ampbip., Vctensk.-Akad. Handl., n. s. iii. p. 69. 
Cat. Amph. Crust., p. 62, pi. ix, fig. 8. 
Cat. Ampk. Crust., p. C3, pi. ix, fig. 9. 
Oefr. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxii, p. 523. 
Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 298. 
Op. cit., p. 297. 
Crust. Amph., p. 96. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 33-1, pi. vi. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 153. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 704, 779. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., vi, pp. 222, 228. 

1 


Amphithonotus cataphractus, Stimpson . . . 




Pleustes panoplus, Sp. Bates 

Paramphitlioe panopla, Goes 

Amphithonotus cataphractus, Packard 















A few were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J- fathoms on the rich bottom. 
The species has been obtained in Greenland, Labrador, Grand Manan, Spitzbergen, and the 
Kara Sea. 

30. ACANTHOZONE POLYACANTHA Murdoch. 

(Plate I, fig. 4.) 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1884 




Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, p. 520. 



Description. — Head rounded, with a very short, sharp rostrum and a small lateral spine at 
the base of the lower antennae. Eyes round and prominent. Posterior edge of first live segments 
of pereion raised into a rounded ridge, developing into a median tooth on the fifth segment. Ante- 
rior, edge of first segment also raised into a similar ridge, curving forward over the head. Last 
two segments of pereion and first four of pleon armed on the posterior edge with a large broad 
median tootli pointing backwards, largest on the third segment of the pleon, and very small, almost 
obsolete on the fourth. The last two segments of the pereion and the first two of the pleon also 
carry a small accessory tooth midway between the median tooth and the epimeral suture. The 
epimeral suture bears a deep lateral keel which becomes a sharp, posterior, backward-pointing 
tooth on the last two segments of the pereion and the first four of the pleon. The infero-posterior 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



147 



angle of tlie epiineron bears a spine (there are two on the second segment of the pleon). Upper 
antennae about two-thirds the length of the lower. Gnathopods slender, subchelate. Telson rather 
long, entire. 

A few specimens were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13i fathoms, August 31, 1883. 

Museum No. 7898. 

31. ATYLUS SWAMMERDAMII (M. Edw.) Sp. Bate. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1830 

1852 
1857 
1859 
1860 
18G2 
1862 
18G2 
1870 


Amphithoe Swammerdamii, Milne-Ed- 
wards. 


Ann. des Sci. Nat., xx, p. 378. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl., p. 8. 

Ann. and Ma?. Nat. Hist., p. 142. 

K. Vetensk.-Akad. Hand!., p. 72. 

Forbandl. red de Skand. Naturf., Sde Mode. p. 659. 

Cat. Atop]). Crnst., p. 130, pi. xxiy, fig. 3. 

Op. cit., p. 130, pi. xxvi, fig. 2. 

Op. cit.,p.H2. 

Crust. Araphip., p. 111. 


Dcxaminc Gordoniana, SpenceBate 

Paramphithoe comprcssa, Bruzelius 


JDexamine Loughrvni, Sp. Bate 

Alylus Swammerdamii, Sp. Bate 

Atylus compressus, Sp.Bate 

" 





The species of Atylus dredged in 13 i fathoms off Point Franklin, where it was decidedly plenty, 
appears undistinguishablo from A. Swammerdamii, although this species has hitherto been recorded 
only from the western coast of Norway and from the coast of England. 



32. GAMMARUS LOCUSTA (Lin.) J. C. Fabr. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 




1767 




Systema Natura, ed. 12ma, p. 1055. 




1767 




1 Ibidem. 




1774 


Cancer p ulex, Phipps 


Voyage, &c, App., p. 193. 




1775 


Gammarus locusta, J. C. Fabricius 


Systema entomologise. 




1780 


Oniscus pulex, O. Fabricius 


1 Farm. Grcenl.. p. 254, sp.231. 




1820 


Gammarus arcticus, Scores!) y 


'An Account of the Arctic Regions," i. p. 541, ii, pi. 


16, fig. 14. 


1824 


Gammarus boreus, Sabine 


i Suppl. App. Parry's Toy., p. ccxxix. 




183S 


Gammarus locusta, Kroyer 


1 D. Yidensk. Selsk. Af handl., vii, p. 27. 




1843 


Gammarus locus'.a, Ilathke 


! Beitrage znr Fauna Nonyegens, Nov. Act. Nat. Cnr. 


xx, p. 67, 


1851 




Sibirischo Beiso, ii. pt. i, p. 133. 




1853 


Gammarus mutatus. Lilljeborg 


. . . . K. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., p. 447. 




1853 


Gammarus pulcx, Stimpson ... 


Mar. Inv. Grand Manan. p. 55. 




1855 


Gammarus boreus, Bell 


Belcher's '• Last of the Arctic Voyages." ii. p. 405. 




1859 
1862 




K. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. p. 52. 




Gammarus locusta, Sp. Bate 


Cat. Anvph. Crust., p. 206. 


1865 


Gammarus locusta. Goes 


: OeiV.afK. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl.. xxii. p. 531. 




1870 


Gammarus locusta, Bceck 


Crust. Amphip., p. 124. 




1874 


Gammarus locusta, Buchholz 


2te Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 343. 




1875 


Gammarus locusta, Liitken 


(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 156. 




1877 




Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xix, p. 138. 




1878 


Ga m marus locusta. Heller 


Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss.. xxxv, p. 35. 




1881 




Ann. and Mae. Nat. Hist., ser. 5. rii, p. 51. 




J882 


Gammarus locusta, Stnxberg 


Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt.,pp.7il. 712, 715. 




1883 


Gammarus locusta, Smith 


Proc. H. S. Nat. Mus , vi, pp. 222, 229. 





Considerable numbers of this species were dragged up in the seaweed by a seine in the shcal 
water along shore at Pergniak, Elson Bay, along with Gammar acanthus loricatus. A few were also 
dredged just above the station in about 3 fathoms, on a bottom of mud and sand mixed. 

The species is recorded from Arctic seas generally, as well as from the temperate regions of 
the northern hemisphere. 

33. MELITA FORMOSA Murdoch. 
(Plate II. figs. 1,16.) 



Year. Name. 




Citations. 




1884 Melita fcrmosa, Murdoch 




( Proc. F. S. Nat. Mus., Tii, p. 520. 


! 



This species is very close to M. obtusata, but may be distinguished by the shape of the nail of 
the second gnathopods. 

Description. — Autenimles with the first joint of the peduncle not quite as long as the second. 



148 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 



Two anterior segments of pleon with infero-posterior angle acute; third segment with this angle 
acute and produced upwards. Second and third segments of pleon armed with a single tooth each 
on posterior margin, fourth with three, fifth with four teeth, all very small. Hand of first gnatho- 
pod oval and fringed with long hairs on the posterior margin. Hand of second gnathopod in male 
broadly oval, and armed on the edge with 3-4 blunt teeth and running out into a broad, blunt tooth; 
claw large, curved, and acute, shutting on the inside of the palm. Inner ramus of the last pair of 
saltatory feet ovate. Color purple with a lighter streak down the middle of the dorsal surface. 

Picked up on the beach near the station in considerable numbers, late in the summer of 18S2. 

Museum numbers, 7893, 7894, 7895. 

34. MBLITA LEONIS Murdoch. 

(Plate II, figs. 2, 25.) 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1884 




Proo. TJ. S. Nat. Mas., vii, p. 521. 





This species is closely allied to 31. dentata, but differs in the dentition of the segments of the 
pleon, and iu the length of the antennules. 

Description. — Eyes small, oval, black. Antennules reaching to the first segment of the 
pleon, with the first joint of the peduncle a little shorter than the second. Third segment of the 
pleon with the infero-posterior angle acute and produced upwards. First and second segments of 
the pleou with one large median tooth on the posterior edge and eight fine denticulations, the lat- 
ter larger on the second segment; third with nine teeth, of which the median one is the largest; 
fourth with five; fifth with six, lacking the median tooth; sixth with two small, blunt teeth. Hand 
of first gnathopod with infero-posterior angle of third joint not produced into a tooth; hand 
elongate-oval, edge not toothed. Color purple, with two lighter streaks along the dorsal surface. 

I have named this species from the schooner Leo of San Francisco, from which A'essel the 
specimens were obtained, by dredging in about five fathoms of water at the head of Norton Sound, 
September 12, 1883. 

Museum numbers, 7896, 7897. 



35. GAMMARACANTHUS LORICATUS (Sab.) Sp. Bate. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 




1824 

1835 

1?38 

1839? 

1855 

18G1 

1862 

1865 

1870 

1875 

1882 




Suppl. A pp.- Parry's Voy., p. 23, pi. 1, fig. 7. 

App. PvOss' Voy., ii, p. xxxix. 

Vider.sk. Selsk. Skr., vii, p. 250, pi. 1, fig. 4. 

Nat. Tids., i P., ii, p. 258. 

Belcher's "Last of the Arctic Voy.," p. 405. 

OefY. af k. Vetensk.-Akad. Eb'rhandl., p. 287. 

Cat. Crust. Ampk., p. 202, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2. 

Oefv. af k. Vetensk.-Akad. Eorhandl., xxii, p. 531. 

Crust. Ampk., p. 135. 

Arctic Manual, p. 157 (nominal list). 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 700 et seq. (passim). 












Gammaracanthus loricatus, Sp. Bate 


Gammaracanthus loricatus, Bceck 

Gammaracanthus loricatus, Liitken 

Gammaracanthus loricatus, Stuxberg 



A few were taken at Pergniak (in Elson Bay) among seaweed dragged up by the seine, Au- 
gust 11, 1883, and some were also picked up on the beach late in the summer of 1S82. 

It has been observed at Prince Eegent's Inlet, Arctic America, abundant (Sir J. C. Eoss) in 
the "Arctic Seas" (Sir Edward Parry and Sir Edward Belcher) and Greenland (Kroyer, quoted by 
Spence Bate). Boeck (loc. cit.) gives as its habitat "Grcenlandia, Spitsbergia, in laeubus Finlandire, 
et Svecire et Norvegite." 

The Yega expedition obtained it at various points along the Arctic coast of Siberia from Nova 
Zembla nearly to Bering Strait. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



149 



36. DULICHIA ARCTICA Murdoch. 
(Plato II, fig. 3.) 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1884 




Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Mus., vii, p. 521. 





Description. — Head slightly produced, forming an obtuse angle. First epiineron produced 
into a sharp spine projecting forward, the rest unarmed. Body smooth. Basa of second gnatho- 
pods dilated and armed with two teeth; hand large, subtriangular, and armed on the edge with 
two long, stout teeth. Last three pairs of pereiopods not specially long; third joint as long as the 
fourth and fifth together. Second pair of saltatory feet with outer ramus nearly twice as long as 
the peduncle; inner a little longer. Eyes small, round, and black. Color grayish. 

Dredged in rather small numbers off the station in 5 fathoms on a muddy bottom. 

Museum numbers, 7899, 7900. 

Phyllopoda. 

37. LEPIDURU3 GLACIALIS (Kr.) Baird. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


18+7 
1852 

1878 


Apus glacial! s, Kroyer 


Nat. Tids., ii R.. ii, p. 431 ; Voy., pi. 40, fig. 1. 

Monograph of the family Apodida?. Proc. Zoo. Soc. Bond., pt. xx, 
p. 6; Annulosa, pi. xxii, fig. 2. 

Phyllopods of N. America. "Report of T7. S. Geological and Geo- 
graphical Survey of the Territories, pt. i, p. 310. 







This species has been kindly identified by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., of Brown University, who 
examined our specimens and compared them with a specimen from Greenland. 

It was abundant on the pools on the tundra, where it lurked in the mud and alga 3 , but 
appeared slightly capricious in its distribution, as it was not found in every pool. They lived until 
the pools froze up in the autumn. 

They were especially abundant in the pool near the station from which we obtained our drink- 
ing water. In 1882 they were observed for the first time on July S, but the next year they were 
ten days later in appearing, and seemed scarce and sluggish. 

The species has been obtained in Greenland and also near Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. 



38. BRANCHINBCTA PALUDOSA (Mull.) Verrill. 



Year. 


Name. 


1 

Citations. 






1780 


Cancer stagnalis, O. Pabricus 


: Pauna Grcenl., p. 247, sp. 224. 






1788 


Branchipus paludosus, Muller 


Zoologia B/anica, ii, p. 10, pi. 48, figs. 1-8. 






1851 


Branch;pus middendorffianus, Pischer 


Sibirische Reise, ii, p. 153. 






1852 


Branchipus (?), Baird 


Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., xx, p. 29. 






1857 


Branchipus paludosus, Beinhardt 


Bidrag til en Beskrivelse af Groenland. 






1869 


Branchipus paludosus, Packard 


Alem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 295. 






1869 


Branchipus (Branchinecta) arctica, Verrill. 


Amer. Jour, of Sci. and Arts, ser. ii, xlviii. 


p. 253. 




1869 


Branchipus (Branchinecta) groznlandica . - 


Ibid. 






1869 


Branchinecta arctica, Verrill 


Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., xviii, i>. 244. 






1869 


Branchinecta groenlandica, Verrill 


Op. cit.,p. 245. 






1878 


Branchinecta paludosa, Packard 


Phvllopods of N. A. Report Xf. H. Geolog 


ical aDd Geographical 






Survey of the Territories, pt. i, p. 336. pi 
1-5. 


ix, figs. 1-0, 


pi. x, figs. 



This species was very abundant in the fresh-water pools all over the tundra, first appearing 
about the middle of June in the small pools made by the melting snow along the edge of the tun- 
dra at the crown of the beach. 



150 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



It lias been found in Greenland and Labrador and at Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. (See Baircl, 
loc. cit.) 

Dr. Packard lias kindlj- examined these specimens, and says that they do not differ from those 
brought by Dr. Bessels from Polaris Bay. 

39. POLYARTEMIA HAZENI Murdoch. 
(Plate II, figs, ',4b.) 



Tear. Name. 

i 


Citations. 




Proc. Tj. S. Nat. Mus., Tii, p. 522. 





Specimens of a species of Phyllopod, found in abundance near the station, were examined by 
Dr. Packard, who declared that they belonged to the genus Pohjartemia, but were different from the 
s.ingle species (P. forcipata) of this genus, described by Eischer in Middendorff's Sibirische Eeise, ii, 
pt. i, p. 154, pi. vii, figs. 24-28 (1851). 

I therefore decided to describe this as a new species under the name of Pohjartemi hazeni, 
after General W. B. Hazen. Chief Signal Officer, IT. S. A., to whom the species is respectfully dedi- 
cated . 

Description. — Body long (twice the length of the abdomen) and stout. Legs generally sev- 
enteen pairs, males usually with one pair more than the females. Head in the male prolonged 
anteriorly into a short, thin, lamellar process. Male "claspers" large, stout, broad, and palmate, 
strongly incurved. Erom the middle of the lower edge projects a large curved process armed on 
the tip and inner surface with numerous fine teeth. The extremity of the "clasper" is bifurcated 
into two short, blunt branches, also armed- on the inner side with fine teeth. Eeet short and broad- 
Caudal appendages small and slender, a little longer than the last abdominal segment. Ovisac 
voluminous, nearly as long as the abdomen; end rounded, with a short, tooth-like process on each 
side. Color, when living, a pale, iridescent green. 

Museum numbers, 7929, 7930, 7931. 

The species was first observed July 13, 1882, in large numbers, copulating, in the pools on 
the black tundra. 

It is not so widely distributed as BrancMnecta paludosd, which occurs in the same pools. It 
swims very swiftly and is very hard to catch. 

ClRRIPEDIA. 
• 40. BALANUS sp. 

Small barnacles were quite plenty on gastropod shells near the station, and a single large cno 
which I cannot identify was dredged off Point Franklin. (This is probably B. porcatus). 

E.HIZOCEPHALA. 
41. PELTOGASTER PAGURI Rathke. 



Year 


Name. 


Citations. 


1841 

1843 
1859 

1867 
1875 
1883 
1 


! Peltogaster paguri, H. Itatbko 

Peltogaster paguri, H. Rathke 


i 

lieisebemerku^gen, Neuesto Schriften tier Naturforschenden 

Gesellschaft in Danzig, ii, p. 105, pi. vi, tig. 12. 
Nov. Act. Acad. Crcs.-Le'op. Car. Nat. Cur.. xx,p. 245, pi. xii, fis.17. 


Peltogaster paguri, Packard 

Peltogaster paguri, Liitkcn 

Peltogaster paguri, Smith 


Act. Peg. Soc. Sci. Upsala. ser. .'!. iii), p. 25, figs. 1, 2, 30-35. 

Mom. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 290. 

Arctic Manual, p. 103 (nominal list). 

Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., vi, 222, 232. 

' 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



151 



Three specimens of this parasite were found on Eupagurus trigonochcirus picked up on tho 
beach near the station. It appears to be quite rare. 

The species has been obtained in Norway and Sweden, Greenland, Labrador, and Maine, on 
species of Eupagurus allied to the E. trigonochcirus. 

Cladoceea, 

42. DAPHNIAsp. 

A species of DapJiuia, or some closely allied genus, was very abundant in all the fresh-water 
pools on the tundra. 

Pycnogonida. 
NYMPHONID^. 

1. NYMPHON LONG-ITARSE Kr. 



Year. 


Jfame. 


Citations. 


1844 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1880 




Nat. Ticls., ii E., i, p. 112, Toy., &c, pi. 36, figs. 2a-b. 
Arctic Manual, p. 164 (nominal list). 

Archir for Mathematik og Xatnrridenskab, ii, pt. iii, p. 366. 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., v, p. 19, pi. vii, figs. 2a-li. 
Report V. S. Commissioner Fish and Fisheries, pt. vi, p. 489. 













Three specimens were dredged on the muddy bottom close to the station in 5 fathoms, August 
14, 18S2. 

It has been recorded from Greenland, Norway, and the eastern coast of America as far south 
as George's Bank. 

2. NYMPHON GROSSIPES (Lin.) J. C. Fabr. 



Year. 



Same. 



Citations. 



1762 
1767 
1784 
1794 
1824 
1838 
1844 
1844 
1844 
1846 
1853 
1857 
1867 
1874 
1874 
1875 

1877 
1878 
1880 



Phala/ngium marinum (?), Strom '.. 

Fhalangium grossipes ('!), Linne 

Pycnogonum grossipes, O. Fabricius 

Nymphon grossipes, J. C. Fabricius 

Nymphon grossipes (!) Sabine 

Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer 

Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer 

Nymphon mixtum, Kroyer 

Nymphon brcvitarse, Kroyer 

Nymphon grossipes, Kroyer 

Nymphon grossipes, Stimpson 

Nymphon brevitarse, Bernhardt 

Nymphon grossipes, Packard 

Nymphon grossipes et mixtum, Buchholz. 

Nymplion grossipes, Yerrill 

Nymphon grossipes, mixtum, et brcvitarse, 
JLiitken. 

Nymphon mixtum, G-. 0. Sars 

Nymphon grossipes, Wilson 

Nymphon grossipes, Wilson l 



Sondmijr, p. 208. 

Syst. Nat. ed. xii, p. 1027. 

Faun. Grcenl., p. 229. 

Syst. Ent., ir, p. 217. 

Suppl. App. Ua.pt. Parry's Voy., p. 225. 

Gronl. Amfip., p. 92 (teste Kroyer). 

Nat. Tids., ii E., i, p. 108. 

Nat, Tids.. ii E., i, p. 110 : Toy., pi. 35, figs. 2a-f. 

Nat, Tids., ii It., i, p. 115 ; Toy., pi. 36, figs. 4a-f. 

Oken's Isis, Jalirg. 1840, pt, vi, p. 442 ; Toy., pi. 36, figs. la-h. 

Mar. Inv. Grand iUanan. p. 38. 

Nat. Bidrag til en Beskr. af Gronland, p. 38. 

Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist., i, p. 295. 

2te Deutsche. Nonlpolarf., ii, pp. 396, 397. 

Am. Jour. Sci.. vii, p. 502. 

Arctic Manual, pp. 163, 161 (nominal list). 

Arehiv for Mathem. og Naturvid., i ir, iii, p. 366. 

Trans. Conn. Acad., v, p. 20, pi. vii, figs', la-q. 

Rep. C S. Commissoner Fish and Fisheries for 1878, pt. vi, p. 491. 



We found this species rather plenty but small off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms. A few good- 
sized ones, among them one egg-bearing female, were also dredged in about 5 fathoms on a pebbly 
bottom near the head of Norton Sound. 

It has been recorded from Greenland, Norway, and the eastern coast of North America as far 



south as George's Bank. 



152 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



VERMES. 

CHjETOPODA. 

POLYNOID.E. 

1. POLYNOE SCABRA (Pabr.) Sav. 



Year. 


Xame. 


Citations. 


1780 
1820 
1843 

1860 
1805 
1875 
1879 
1883 




Fauna Groeulandica, p. 311. 

Systeme des Annelides, p. 26. 

Grciulands Annulata Dorsibrancliiata, p. 12, figs. 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 17, 

18. 
Fork, i Videnskal)S-Selsk. i Christiania, p. 53. 
Nordiska 1 laf's-Annulater, p. 61, pi. viii, tigs. 3 and 4. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 168. 
K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. xvi, No. 3, p. 7. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 387, pi. 23, figs. 1 and 2 ; pi. 20, fig. 1. 








Eunoe Oerstedii et nodosa, Mnlmgren 

Eunoa Oerstedii et nodosa, Liitken 





Three specimens of this species were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms, August 31, 1883. 

The species has been recorded from Spitzbergen, Finland, Iceland, Greenland, and from the 
North American coast as far south as Grand Manan. The Vega Expedition obtained it at various 
points on the northeast coast of Siberia from the mouth of the Taimyr River to Bering Sea. 



2. POLYNOE ISLANDICA Hansen. 



Tear. 


Kama. 


Citations. 


1882 




! 

Den Norske Nordkavs Expedition, vii, Zoologi. Annelida, p. 24. 





Two specimens were dredged with the other Polynoes off Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms, 
August 31, 1883. 

This species has been united with P. scabra by Wiren (loc. cit.), but the specimens we obtained 
agreed so closely with Hansen's description, and differed so much from our specimens of scabra, 
that 1 have concluded it best to record it as a distinct species. 

It was originally described by Hansen from specimens taken in the North Atlantic. 

3. POLYNOE SARSI (Kinberg) Theel. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1862 
1865 
1867 
1871 
1872 
1875 
1878 
1879 
1883 




MS. 

Nordisk. Hafs-Ann., p. 75, pi. ix, fig. 6. 

Annulata Polycbasta, p. 13. 

Sitzungsberic'kte Pkys. Med. Soc. Erlangen, iii, p. 77-79. 

Nyt Magazin f. Naturvidensk., xix, p. 202. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 168. 

Denksckr. d. K. Akad. d. Wissen, xxxv, p. 395. 

K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 16, pi. i, fig. 8. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 390. 














Polynoc sarsi, Theel 





Four small specimens of this species were obtained August 9, 1883, on one of the sandy patches 
near the station, in about 3 fathoms of water. 

It has been recorded from the sea near England, the Baltic, Norway, Greenland, the Gulf of 
Saint Lawrence, and New England. The Swedish Expedition obtained it at various points along the 
northern coast of Siberia from the Kara Sea to the Yega's winter quarters. 

4. MELiENIS LOVENI Malmgr. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1865 
1867 
1883 




Nordiska Hafs-Annulater, p. 78, pi. x, fig. 10. 

Annulata Polychseta, p. 14. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 391, pi. 28, fig. 4 ; pi. 29, fig. 3. 









EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



153 



A single specimen was dredged just outside the grounded ice, about 4 miles above the station, 
in about 15 fathoms of water. The bottom was an exceedingly tenacious and fetid black mud. 

The species has been recorded from Spitzbergen and the neighborhood of Nova Zembla, and as 
far east as Bering Strait. 

5. MELiENIS LOVENI, var. GIGANTEA (Malm.) When. 



Tear. 


'Same. 


Citations. 


1883 


Melcenis loveni, var. gigantea, Wirfin 


Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt, ii, p. 391, pi. 28, fig. 3 ; pi. 29, fig. i. 



This variety of the preceding species, which was described by Wiren from two specimens 
obtained by the Vega Expedition near Bering Strait, was found in considerable numbers on the 
beach near the station. 

NEPHTHYID^l. 
6. NBPHTHYS CCBCA (Pabr.) Oerst. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1780 
1789 
1843 
1843 
1863 

1868 
1875 
1877 
1S78 
1879 
1883 




Faun. Groenl., p. 304. 

Zool. Dan., iii, p. 14, pi. Ixxxix, figs. 1-4. 

Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 193, figs. 73, 74, 77-86. 

Op. cit., p. 195, figs. 75, 76. 

isord. Hat's- Ann., p. 10J, pi. xil, figs. 17 and 18. 

Die Borstenwiirmer, i, p. 588, pi. xxiii, figs. 10-31, 6, 36, 37, 38. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 169. 

Trans. Linnean Soc. London, series 2, i, p. 501. 

Denksciir. d. K. Akad. d. "Wiss., xxxv, p. 395. 

K. Svensk. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 24. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 392, pi. 30, figs. 1-3 ; pi. 31, figs. 


1-3. 








Ncphthys longisetosa, ciliata etcceca, Malm- 
gren. 
Ncphthys cceca, cirrosa ct ciliata, Ehlers ... 
Nephthyscceca, cilialaetlongosetosa, Liitken 









Two good-sized specimens and four smaller ones of the ciliata type and two medium individ- 
uals of the longisetosa type were dredged near the station, in about 3 fathoms, ou the muddy bottom. 

One smaller specimen of the longisetosa type was also obtained near the head of Norton Sound, 
in 5 fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. 

It has been recorded from Labrador, Greenland, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and 
northward toward Franz Josef Land, where it was obtained by the Austrian Expedition), and the 
Arctic coast of Siberia as far round as Saint Lawrence Bay. It also occurs on the British coast. 



PHYLLODOOEID^!. 
7. ETEONE sp. 

A single specimen of a species of Uleoiye, in such bad condition as to render the specific 
determination impossible, was obtained near the station in 2J fathoms. 

8. PHYLLODOCE GROENL ANDIC A Oersted. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1843 
1865 
1867 
1875 
1877 
1878 
1882 
1883 
1 


Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Oersted ^ . . . 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Malmgren 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Malmgren 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Liitken 

Phyllodoce grosnlandica, Mcintosh 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica, v. Marenzeller 

? Phyllodoce arctica, Hansen 

Phyllodoce grcenlandica, Wiren 


Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 192, figs. 19, 21, 22, 29, 32. 
Nord. Hafs-Ann., p. 90. 
Ann. Polycb., p. 21, pi. ii, fig. 9. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 169. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, i, p. 502. 
Denkschr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, p. 395. 
Den Norsk. Nordhafs-Exp., p. 31, pi. iii, figs. 21-23. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 400. 



A bait set at the bottom of the tide-hole, in about 3 fathoms of water, on May 2G, 1883, brought 
up a large number of these worms. They varied a good deal in color when alive, some being red- 
H. Ex. 44 20 



154 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



dish and some dark green. They were also dredged on the muddy bottom near the station August 
9, 1883, in about 3 fathoms. 

It is quite possible that P. arctiea, described by Hansen (loc. cit.), from the neighborhood of 
Spitzbergen, is only a variety of this species, as the distinction is based on the number of papillae 
on the evaginated proboscis, which appears to be subject to great variation. 

Among our specimens the same animal has been found to have twelve papillae (characteristic 
of groenlandka) in one row, and fifteen (characteristic of arctiea) in another. 

The species has been recorded from New England, Labrador, Greenland, Norway, Spitzbergen, 
between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land, and the Kara Sea. 

9. PHYLLODOCE sp. 

A single specimen of a species of Phyllodoce, evidently not P. grcenlandica, but too much 
mutilated for specific determination, was dredged near the station in about 3 fathoms. 

HESIONID.E. 

10. CASTALIA MULTIPAPILLATA Theel. 



Tear. 



Name. 



Citations. 



1S79 | Castalia multipapillata, Theel K. Svenska Vetensk. A tad. Handl., xvi, No. 3, p. 38, pi. iii, fig. 38. 



A few very small specimens of this species were caught in the towing net set under the sea-ice 
about the end of March, 1S83. 

Theel described the species from specimens- obtained at Nova Zembla. 

SYLLIDJE. 

11. AUTOLYTUS sp. 

We obtained males and egg-bearing females of a small species of Autolytus, which cannot be 
more accurately identified, swimming free under the ice about the end of March and the first of 
April, 1883. The "stem-form" was not obtained. 

AEICIID^. 
12. ? ARICIA ARCTICA Hansen. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1882 








i 



A fragment of a worm of this family, lacking both head and anal end 2 was obtained off the 
station, in about 3 fathoms, August 7, 1SS3. The«body segments agree very well in the shape 
of the feet, gills, &c, with Hansen's figures, but as we were unable to obtain the characteristic 
hooked ventral seta? of the anterior region of the body, the species cannot be positively identified. 

It was originally described from near the island of Jan May en. 

OPHELIID.E. 
13. TRAVISIA FORBESI Johnst. 



YeaT. 


Kame. 


Citations. 






1840 
1843 
186."> 
1807 
1874 
1875 
1879 
1883 




Ann. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 373, pi. xi, figs. 11-18. 
Gronl. Ann. Dorsib., p. 53. pl.viii, rigs. 103, 112, 
Cat. Brit, llns., p. 220, pi. xix, figs. 11-18. 
Ann. Polych., p. 7o. 
2te Deutsche Norclpolarl'., p. 225. 
(Nominal list.) Aictic Mauual, p. 1,2. 
Kongl. Svensk. Vetensk. -Akad. Hand]., xvi, p 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt, p. 406. 


114,119,120. 

49. 

1 


Ophelia, mammillata, Oersted 

Travisiaforbesi, Jolinstorj 













EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



155 



A single specimen of this species was obtained close to the station in about 'A fathoms on a 
muddy bottom. 

It has been observed in Greenland, Iceland, Scotland, Western Scandinavia, Spilzbergen, 
Nova Zembla, and near the winter quarters of tlic Vega. 

TELETHUSE^E. 

14. ARENICOLA GLACIALIS Murdoch. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1884 


Arenieola glacialis, Murdoch ' Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus.,vii,p. D22. 



This species is closely allied to Arenieola marina, but has only G setigerous segments anterior 
to the gills, and 11 gill-bearing segments instead of 7 and 13, as in A. marina. These numbers are 
constant in the five specimens obtained. 

The C abranchiate segments are each composed of 5 distinct annulations, and each bear a pair 
of simple tubercular feet. The dorsal seta? are all of one kind, about IS in number ; slender and 
slightly serrulate, the longest longer than the foot. The ventral seta? are 35 to 40 in uumber, and 
form a single row on each side of the ventral surface of the ring. They are short, slender, and 
simple, and barely project above the surface of the skin. 

The branchiate segments are each composed of G annulations. Each brarichia consists of one 
cluster of about 15 simple cirri annulated in contraction. The branchiae increase in size from the 
first to the ninth pair: the tenth and eleventh pairs are slightly smaller. The feet are small and 
tubercular; the dorsal seta?, 7, similar to those of the abranchiate segments, but only about two- 
thirds of their length. The ventral seta? are the same as in the abranchiate segments. 

The caudal portion is about one-third of the length of the animal, without tubercles or other 
appendages. 

Color, in alcohol, blackish gray, lighter on the ventral surface. 

Five specimens were picked up on the beach, after a fresh westerly wind, September 12 and 13, 
18S2. 

A couple of mutilated specimens were also obtained from the gullet of an eider-duck which 
had been diving on one of the sandy patches in about 3 fathoms just above the station. 

Museum Nos., 851, 854. 

CKLORiEMIDiE. 
15. BRADA GRANTJLATA Malm. 



i 

Year, i Name. 

I 


Citations. 




Ann. Polych., p. 85, p]. xii, fig. 7. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 172. 
Vega-Esp. Vetensk. Iakt., ii, p. 408. 






1 1 



This species was dredged in considerable numbers near the station, in about 3 fathoms, in 
August, 1883. 

It has been recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, and the northern coast of Siberia near the 
mouth of the Taimyr River (Yega Expedition). 

MALDANIDyE. 



16. 



A long Maldauid worm, of a bright orange-scarlet color when living, was dredged on one of the 
patches of mud and sand close to the station, 'in about 2J or 3 fathoms of water, August 7, 1883. 
The only specimen preserved is a fragment of the body without either head or tail, and cannot be 
identified. 



156 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



AMPHICTENID^]. 
17. PBCTINARIA sp. 

A good many empty tubes of a species of Pectinaria were dredged on the muddy bottom jnst 
outside tlie grounded ice, in about 15 fathoms, and near the station on the sandy patches in about 
3 fathoms. No living specimens were taken. 

This is perhaps P. granulata, as this species was obtained by the Vega Expedition as far east 
as Saint Lawrence Bay. 

Gephyrea. 

ECHIUBID^. 
18. ECHIURUS VULGARIS (Savigny) Forbes. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1820 
3835 
1841 
1859 

18G5 




Syst. des Ann., p. 102. 

Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium ab H. Mertensio ot>s., p. 202. 

History of British Star-fishes, p. 263. 










xxxvii, p. 775. 
Histoire des Armeies, ii, p. 592. 







The specimens of Ecldurus brought home by the expedition cannot be distinguished from tho 
description of E. pallasii (=E. vulgaris) given by Quatrefages (loc. cit.). 

This species has heretofore been recorded from Great Britain and France. Brandt's description 
of E. sitclucnsis (loc. cit.) is not sufficiently detailed to enable me to tell whether it is the same 
species or not. 

This worm was quite abundant on the beach, near the station, after the great gales of September 
and October, 1881, and two specimens were dredged on the muddy bottom, in about 3 fathoms of 
water, August 9, 1883. 

SIPUNCULIDyE. 

19. PHASCOLOSOMA sp. 

A good many specimens of a species of PhascoJosoma were dredged near the station in about 
3 fathoms of water. They are so badly contracted in alcohol as to entirely disguise the specific 
characters. I was able to determine by dissection that they belong probably to the genus Phasco- 
lo3oma, but could make out nothing further. 

Nematoda. 

CH^TOGNATHA. 
20. SAGITTA sp. 

A species of Sagitta occurred very rarely in the neighborhood of the station. One or two 
specimens were caught in the towing-net set under tlfe sea-ice March 1, 1883. A few were also 
observed after the sea opened in August, 1883. 

ECHINODERMATA. 

HOLOTIIUEIOIDEA. 
1. PENTACTA FRONDOSA Jasg. 



Tear. ! Kame. 


Citations. 


1780 
1857 

1801 

1871 
1875 




Fauna Gnpnlnndiea, pp. 343, 344. 

Videnskabelige Mcddolclsor fraden Xaturhist. Foren. i Kjiiben.. 

p. 2. 
Oversisrt at Norses Eehiuodormcr, p. 100. 
Vidcnsk. Mccldel., 23, p. 30C. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. 




Cucumaria frondosa, Liitken 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



157 



One small Pentacta was dredged in the rich haul off Point Franklin, August 31, 1883, and, as 
■well as can be made out in its present condition, it belongs to this species. 

The species has been recorded from Massachusetts Bay to Labrador and Greenland, from 
Spitzbergen, and on the European coast as far south as Denmark and Great Britain. 

2. LOPHOTHXJRIA PABRICII (D. & K.) Verrill. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1780 
1788 
1834 

1851 
1857 

1857 
1875 
1878 
18S2 


Eolothuria squamata, 0. Fabricius 


Faun. Greenland., 348. 

Nova Acta Pe.tropolitana, ii, p. 244, tab. vii, tigs. 34-37. 

ProclroimiH descriptionis animaliuni ab H. Mertcnsio observa- 
torurn. Recucil des actos do la seanco pnbliquo de l'academie 
imperialo des sciences de St. Petersbourg, p. 247. 

Sibirischo Eeise, ii, p. 450. 

Crustacea and Eebiuodermata of the Pacific Coast of North Amer- 
ica, from Jour, of Bost. Soc. of Nat. Hist., vi, p. 85. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 13. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. 

Denksokr. d. it. Akad. d. Wisseuchaften, xxxv, pp. 350, 388. 

Vega-Expeditionens "VetenskapligalaUttagelscr, i, p. 713. 



















Dredged in great abundance off Poiut Franklin in 13£ fathoms, and also dragged up on cod- 
lines in about 18 or 20 fathoms off the mouth of Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. 

This species has been recorded from Greenland, south to Massachusetts Bay, from Bering 
Sea (St. Paul's Island, Brandt teste Liitken), Sitka (Brandt), and the Arctic Ocean north of BeriBg 
Strait (Stuxberg). 

3. MYRIOTROCHUS RINKII Steenst. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1851 
1852 

1857 
1867 
1871 
1874 
1875 
1878 

1882 
1882 




Vidensk. Meddel., p. 55, pi. iii, figs. 7-10. 

Appendix to Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage to Baffin's Bay 

and Barrow Strait," ii, p. ccxi. 
Vidensk. Meddel., p. 22. 
Memoirs Bost. Societ. Nat. Hist., i, p. 269. 
Vidensk. Meddel., 23, p. 306. 
2te Deutsche Nbrdpolarfahrt, ii, p. 258. 
(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. 
Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forkandlingar, 35, 

p. 28. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 695, et seq. 
Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, vi, Zoologi, p. 28, pi. v, figs. 1-4. 






Myriotrochus rinkii, Packard 










Myriotrochus rinkii, Danielssen and Koren. 



This species was dredged in abundance off the station, on the muddy bottom, interspersed with 
patches of mud and sand mixed, in 2£ to 15 fathoms. 

It has heretofore been reported from Greenland (Steenstrup, Liitken), Labrador (Packard), 
and Nova Zembla (Stuxberg). [? Wellington Channel (Sutherland).] 

Liitken considers the Chirodota brevis of Huxley to be this species, but Danielssen and Keren 
consider that as Huxley in his description says nothing of the calcareous wheels being peduncu- 
lated it must be considered as a distinct species (= Oligotroclms vitreus M. Sars), for which they 
propose the name Myriotrochus brevis. 

4. ? TROCHOSTOMA BORBALE (M. Sars) Dan. and Ko. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1858 
1861 
1882 


Molpadia borealis, M. Sars 

Molpadia borealis, M. Sars 

Trochostoma (Molpadia) boreale, Daniels- 
sen and Koren. 


Forhandl. i Vidensk. Selsk. i Christiania, p. 173. 
Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 116, pis. 12, 13. 
Den Norsko Nordhavs-Expedition, vi, Zoologi. p. 64, pi. x, figs. 
7-11. 



A single specimen was picked up on the beach near the station, in July, 18S2. The perforated 
calcareous plates appear to have the perforations smaller in proportion than those figured by Sars 
and Danielssen and Koren, but in the absence of more specimens, and especially of identified 
material for comparison, I cannot venture to pronounce it different. 



158 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



The species has been recorded from the Norwegian coast and the North Atlantic. 
Molpadia violacea, which occurs in large numbers off Kerguelen Island, is considered by Dan- 
lelssen and Koren (op. cit., p. 65) to be identical with this species. 

ECHINOIDEA. 



5. STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROBACHIENSIS (Mull. ) A. Ag. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1780 
1834 
1851 
1852 
1857 
1861 
1871 
1874 
1S75 
1878 

1878 
1882 




Fauna Grcenlandica, Ho. 368. 

Prodromus dcscriptionis, &c, p. 264. 

Sibirische Beise, ii, p. 34. 

In Sutherland's "Journal oi'a Voyage, &c.,'' ii, App. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 24. 

Oversigt at' Norgcs Eebinodermer, p. 95. 

Vidensk. Meddel., 23, p. 306. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt, ii, p. 259. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 184. 

Denksehr. <1. K. Akad. der Wissen., hit, pp. 359, 385. 

OefY. afK. Vetensk. Akad.Forhandl., 35, p. 29. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. lakt,, i, pp. 705, 706, 708. 


p. ccxiv. 










Toxopneusies drbbachiensis, Liitken 


Toxopneustes drobachunsis, Liitken 

Strongylocenlvotus drobachiensis, v. Maren- 
zeller. 







A few dry tests were picked up on the beach near the station, during the summer of 18S2. 
The living animals were dredged in very great abundance off Point Eranklin in 13i fathoms, and 
were also quite abundant off Port Clarence, in 7£ fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. A few were also 
taken in about 5 fathoms, on a similar bottom, at the head of Norton Sound. 

This species is abundant all round the northern parts of both hemispheres. 

ASTERIOIDEA. 
6. ASTERIAS ACERVATA Stimpson. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1861) 
18625 




Proceed. Boston Society of Natural History, viii, p. 271. 





Bather small specimens of this species, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, were washed up on the beach 
in considerable numbers after the great gale of October 4, 1881, but none were afterwards found in 
any of our dredging near the station. One large individual, however, was dredged at ths head of 
Norton Sound, in 5£ fathoms, on a pebbly bottom. 

This species was described by Stimpson from specimens brought by the North Pacific Explor- 
ing Expedition from Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean north of the Strait! My specimens have 
been compared with one of Stimpson's own identification in the National Museum. 

7. ? ASTERIAS VIOLACEA O. F. Miiller. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1789 
1841 
1842 


Axterias violacea, 0. F. Miiller 


Zooloaia Danica, pi. 46, figs. 4-5. 
British Starfishes, p. 91. 
System der Asteriden, p. 16. 

1 


A&teracanthion violaceus, Miiller and Xro- 
schel. 



Numbers of a large purple Asterias were dredged in about 5 fathoms, on a pebbly bottom, at 
the head of Norton Sound. 

I refer it with extreme doubt to this species as I have been unable to see auy identified speci- 
mens of violacea or rubens and the literature at my command is exceedingly unsatisfactory. 

The species will probably turn out to be undescribed, but I do not feel sufficiently familiar with 
the group to venture on a description. It is undoubtedly closely allied to the common European 
forms rubens and violacea, if, indeed, the latter be a distinct species. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



159 



8. ASTERIAS sp. 

A few specimens of a small Asterias with five arms were dredged in about 7 fathoms, ou a 
pebbly bottom, off Port Clarence. They undoubtedly belong to the genus Asterias, but the species 
is not determinable with any means at my command. 

9. LEFTASTERIAS ARCTICA (Stimpson). 

Off Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms, we dredged large numbers of a small starfish which cannot 
bo distinguished from a dried specimen in the National Museum, brought from Bering Strait by 
the North Pacific Exploring Expedition and labeled in Dr.'Sthnpson's handwriting Asterias arc- 
tica var. a. I have been unable to find a published description of this species. 

The size and position of the papulae on the back and sides of the arms show that it belongs to 
Verrill's genus Leptasterias. 

The following is a description of the species : Bays five, rounded above, elongated, tapering 
regularly to the tips. Eadii as 1:3.5. Disk small, its radius about equal to width of ray at base. 
Interambulacral spines round and slender with rounded tips, usually two to each plate. No small 
spines between these and the ventral spines. Yentral spines form a double row of alternating 
spines, of which the upper are the smaller and the lower are larger and stouter than the interam- 
bulacrals. Lateral spines rather slender, forming a single row. No well-marked dorsal row, though 
the spines in the middle of the arm are rather the larger. The dorsal spines are short and stont, 
with rounded, almost capitate, tips. The spines of the disk are rather smaller than those of the 
arms and are arranged irregularly. The major pedicellarise could not be well made out, but 
appeared to be lanceolate and not numerous. The minor pedicellarise form close wreaths around 
the spines. 

Diameter of the largest specimen about 75 mm . 

10. CRIBRELLA SANGUINOLENTA (Mull.) Ltk. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1776 
1780 
1851 
1857 
18G1 
1871 
1875 
1878 
1882 


Asterias sanguinolenta, 0. 1?. Miiller 


Zoologi® Danicae Prodroruus, 234. 

Favma Grcenlandica, 363. 

Sibirische Reise, ii, p. 32. 

Vldensk. Meddel., p. 31. 

Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 84. 

Vidensk. Meddel, 23, p. 307. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 

Oefv.afK.Vetensk.-Akad. ForhandL, 35. p. 32. 

Vega Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 707, 708, 713. " 




Cribrella sanguinolenta, Liitken 






JCchina-stcr sanauinolentus, Stuxberg 

Echinaster sanguinolenlus, Stuxberg 



One large specimen and a number of very small ones were dredged off Point Franklin, but 
none were obtained elsewhere. 

The species has been recorded from the eastern coast of North America, from Nantucket Shoals 
to Labrador and Greenland, and southward on the European coast to Norway and Great Britain, 
also from Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen, the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, and the Sea of 
Ochotsk (Brandt teste Lutken, op. cit., p. G2). 

11. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Phipps) Mull, and Tr. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1774 
1780 
1824 
1834 
1840 
1842 
•1852 




Voyage to-rard the North Pole, p. 396. 

Fauna Grcenlandica, p. 369. 

Supplementary Appendix to Capt. Parry's Voyage, p. cexxii. 

Prodr. Descrip., p. 271. 

Wiegman's Archiv, ,Tabrg., ri, i, p. 321. 

System der Asteriden, p. 26. 

In Sutherland's " Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, App., p. ccxiv. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 40. • 

Oversint af Norges Echinodermer, p. 76. 

Virlen3k. Meddel., 23. p. 307. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manna], p. 185. 

Oefv. af K. Veteusk.-Akad. Forliandl.. 35, p. 31. 

Voga-Exp. Veteusk. Iakt., i, pp. 637, 700, 705. 


Asterias papp osa, Sabine 

Asterias affinis et alboverrucosa, Brandt . .. 
Orossaster papposvs, Miiller and Troschel. 
Solaster papposus, Miiller and Troschel 


1857 
1861 
1871 


Solaster papposus, Liitken 


1875 
1878 


Solaster papposus, Liitken 


1882 









160 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



A good many were found washed up on the beach after the great gales in the autumn of 1881, 
and a few were afterwards picked up during the season of open water of 1882. Three small speci- 
mens were dredged in 13J fathoms off Point Franklin. 

The species has been recorded from the eastern coast of North America (Massachusetts Bay 
to Greenland), Iceland and the Faroes, Scandinavia to the English Channel, Nova Zenibla, Spitz- 
bergen (Phipps and Liitken), and Bering Strait (Brandt). 

12. SOL ASTER ENDBCA (Lin.) Forbes. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1875 
1834 
1839 
1853 
1857 
1861 
1875 






Asterias endeca var. decemradiata, Brandt. 
Solastcr endccx, Forbes 


Prodromus Descr., &c, p. 271. 

Memoirs Wernerian Society, viii, p. 121. 

Marino Invertebrata of Grand Manan, p. 14. 

Vidensk. Meddel-, p. 35. 

Oversigt af Norges Eehinodermcr, p. 75. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 




Solaster endeca, M. Sars 





A few were washed up on the beach, after the gales in the autumn of 1881. No more were 
seen till the rich haul off Point Franklin, August 31, 1883, when three good-sized specimens were 
taken. 

The species has been recorded from Greenland south to the Gulf of Maine, and from Iceland, 
the Faroes, Finland, Norway, and on the British coast to the south of Ireland; also from Sitka 
(8. endeca var. decemradiata Brandt). 

Ophiuroidea. 

13. OPHIOGLYPHA SARSII (Liitk.) Lyman. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1854 
1857 
1858 
1861 
1865 
1866 

1871 

1875 
1878 
1878 
1882 


Ophiura sarsii et coriacca, Liitken 


Vidensk. Meddel., p. 101. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 49. 

Additamenta ad Historiam Opliiuridarura, p. 42. 

Oversigt af Norges Echiuodermer, p. 23. 

Illust, Cat. Mus. Corop. Zool., i, p. 41, figs. 2 and 3. 

Ophiuroidea viventia hncusque cognita. Oefv. af K. Vetensk. - 

Akad. Fcirhandl. xxxiii, p. 307. 
Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii. p. 307. 
(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 
Denkscbr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., xxxv, pp. 359, 382. 
Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forbandl., xxxv, p. 34. 
Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 697 ct seq. 




Ophiura sarsii, M. Sars 








Ophioglypha sarsii, v. Maienzeller 

Ophioglypha sarsi, Stuxberg 





A large and dark-colored form of this species was found very abundaut off Point Franklin in 
13J fathoms. 

The species has been recorded from New England, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, Greenland, 
England, Norway, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land 
during the drift of the Tegethoff), and as far east as longitude 65° 20' east (Kara Sea), also from 
the sea of Ochotsk (teste Ljungman). 

14. OFHIOGLYPH ft. ROBUSTA (Ayres) Lyman. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1851 
1852 
1854 
1857 
1858 
186 L 
1865 
I860 
1871 
1874 




Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 134. 

Sutherland's Journal of a Voyage, &c, ii, app.,p. cciv. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 100. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 53. 

Addit. ad Hist. Op., p. 46. 

Oversigt af Norges Ecbinodermer, p. 22. 

Illust. Oat. Mus. Comp. Zool., i. p. 45. • 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii, p. 308. 

Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. 

2te Deutsche Nordpolari'., ii. p. 259. 

(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 

Denskchr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss.. xxxv, pp. 359, 382. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Fib handl., xxxv, p. 34. 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, p. 706. 






Oph iura squamosa, Liitken 


Ophiura squamosa, M. Sars 

Ophioglypha robusta, Lyman 

Ophioglypha robusta, Ljnngruau 

Oph iogb/pha squamosa, Liitken 


1875 




1878 
1878 


Ophioglypha robusta, v. Marenzellcr 


18S2 


Ophioglypha robusta, Stuxberg 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



161 



This species was dredged in very great abundance off Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms. Some 
individuals have the papillae of the arm-comb obsolete. 

The species has been recorded from New England, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, Well- 
ington Channel, Greenland, the Faroes, the Shetland Islands, England, Denmark, Norway, Spitz- 
bergen, Nova Zembla (and to the northward during the drift of the Tegethoff), and the Kara Sea 
as far east as longitude G5° 20' east. 

15. OPHIOGLYPHA NODOSA (Ltk.) Lyman. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1854 
1S57 
1858 
1865 
1866 
1871 
1875 
1878 
1882 




Vidensk. Meddel., p. 100. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 51. 

Addit. ad Hist. Oph., p. 48. 

Illust. Cat. Mua. Comp. Zoiil., i, p. 49. 

Oci'v. at' K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii 

Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. 

(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Fiirhandl., xxxt, 

Vega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 095-713. 


, p. 308. 
p. 34. 








Ophioglypha nodosa, Ljunginan 











One good-sized specimen was obtained on the muddy bottom just outside the grounded ice in 
15 fathoms, August 8, 1883, and one or two small ones near the station in 2i-3 fathoms. Twenty- 
five small specimens were obtained in the rich haul off Point Franklin August 31, 1883. 

The color of this species when alive is a bright crimson above and white underneath. 

It has been recorded from Newfoundland, Greenland, and Spitzbergen, and the Swedish expe- 
ditions obtained it at various points along the northern coast of Siberia from Nova Zembla to the 
Vega's winter quarters. 

16. OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA (Retz.) Gray. 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1733 
1780 
17S0 
1840 
1842 

1848 
1854 
1857 
1858 
1861 
18G6 
1871 
1875 
1878 
1878 
1882 




De Stellis Marinis, p. 52. pi. xi, fig. 71. 
Fauna Grosnlandica, p. 371. 
Asterise Genera, p. 240. 
Wiegman's Archiv, Jalirir. 0, i, p. 328. 
Sjstem der Asteriden, p. 96. 

Eadiated Animals of the British Museum, p. 25. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 103. 

Vidensk. Meddel., p. 52. 

Addit. ad Hist. Oph., pt. i, p. 00, pi. ii, figs. 15, 10. 

Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 14. 

Oefv. at' K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., xxxiii, p. 325. 

Vidensk. Meddel., xxiii, p. 307. 

(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 185. 

Denkschr. d. K. ATjad. d. Wiss., xxxv, pp. 359, 383. 

Oefv. af K. Vetensk. -Akad. Forhandl.. xxxv, p. 36. 

Vega-Exp. Vetenksk. Iakt., i, p. 706. 




Ophiolepis acvleata, Miiller and Troschel. 
Ophiolepis ( Ophiopholis ) scolopendrica, 
Miiller and Troschel. 
















Ophiopholis aculeata, v. Marenzeller 







We found this species very abundant and of large size off Point Franklin in 13i fathoms. The 
specimens brought home are indistinguishable from O. aculeata from the New England coast, except 
for the fact that the small deciduous spines on the dorsal surface of the disk are a trifle larger and 
more numerous, and the skin round the mouth and on the under surface of the arms appears a 
little thicker. 

This occurrence indicates a circumpolar distribution for the species. It would have been 
natural to suppose that the allied Pacific-coast species, O. Kennerlyi Lyman, would be found 
extending up from the temperate regions into the Arctic Ocean, as O. aculeata does on the 
Atlantic side. 

The occurrence of this Atlantic form in this part of the Arctic Ocean may be compared with 
the occurrence at Point Barrow of two species of birds (Pelidna subarquata, and Actodromas fusci- 
collis) heretofore supposed to be confined to the eastern coast of the continent. 

O. aculeata occurs abundantly on the coast of New England, Newfoundland, the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence, Labrador, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroes, Norway, the Baltic, the British Islands, 
Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla (and north towards Franz Josef Land), and the Kara Sea as far east as 
longitude 65° 35' east. (Swedish Expeditions.) 
H. Ex. 44 21 



162 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



17. ASTROPHYTON sp. 

While we were fishing for cod in about 18 or 20 fathoms off the East Head of Plover Bay, East- 
ern Siberia, on the voyage up in 1881, the hooks brought up several fragments of arms and two 
small, complete individuals of a species of Astrophyton of a bright orange red. 

As the alcohol was out of reach in the hold, I endeavored to preserve these specimens dry, 
but they were unfortunately lost in the confusion of landing and building our house in unfavorable 
weather. 

ANTHOZOA. 

Alcyonaria. 

ALCYONID^E. 

1. ALCYONIUM RUBIFORME Dana. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1834 
1SS5 
184G 
1863 
1865 
1869/ 
1870) 




Corallen des Botben Meeros, p. 158. 
Prodr. Descrip., &c, p. 7 (207). 
Zoophytes, TJ. S. Exploring Expedition, p. C25. 
Mem. Bost. Society Nat. Hist., i, p. 4. 
Proc. Essex Inst., iv, p. 190. 

Notes on Radiata, from Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., i, p. 459 
(reprint 1869-70). 




Alcijonium rubiforme, Dana 




Alcyonium rubiforme, Verrill < 



This species was found washed up on the beach in considerable numbers after gales of wind, 
while the sea remained open. It was dredged in great abundance on the rich ground west of Point 
Eranklin, in 13J fathoms. Two small specimens were obtained on a pebbly bottom off Port Clar- 
ence, in 7£ fathoms, September 4, 1883, and one large and very pale specimen came from a similar 
bottom at the head of Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. We also obtained this species on our fishing- 
lines when catching codfish in about 25 fathoms of water off the entrance to Plover Bay, Siberia. 
Its color when fresh is a bright strawberry red. 

The species has been recorded as occurring in the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait, and on 
the west coast of the strait (North Pacific Exploring Expedition), also Seniavin Strait (Brandt). 
It also occurs on the banks of Newfoundland, where it is known to the American fishermen as 
"sea strawberries," according to Capt. J. W. Collins, of the U. S. Eish Commission, and in the 
Northern seas of Europe. 

Alcyonium sp., mentioned in the Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, i, as occurring 
in the Siberian Arctic Ocean, probably refers to this species. 

ACTINARIA. 

ACTINLD^E. 

2. URTICINA CRASSICORNIS Enr. 



Year. 



177G 
1780 
180G 

1834- 

1847 
1853 
1864 
1869 

1869? 
1870$ 
1875 | 
1878 



Name. 



Citations. 



Actinia crassicomis, Mtiller : Prodr. Zool. Danic, p. 231. 

Actinia spectabilis, O. Fabricius j Fauna Grcenlandica, 351. 

1 Actinia holsatica, Miiller ! Zool. Danica, iv, p. 23. pi. 139. 

Ieacmcea ( Vrticina) crassicomis, Ehrenberg' Corallen des Eothcn Mceres, p. 33. 

t Actinia clegantissima, Brandt j Prodromna Descr. Anim., &c.,p. 13. 

? Actinia Lav.rr.ntii, Brandt ! Op. cit.,p.i::.' 

lihodactinia Dauisii, Agassiz j Comptes-rendus, xxxv, p. G77. 

Actinia obtruncataand. carneola, Stimpson. ! Invert. Grand lianan, p. 7. 

Wwdaclinia Davisii, Verrill ' Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. hist., i, p. 13, pi. i, fig. 9. 

Vrticina crassicomis, Verrill I Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of the North Pacific Expl. Exp., 

Part, iv, p. 28 (from Proc. Essex Inst., vi). 

Vrticina crassicomis, Verrill { j ^1^8%%?°™ Trans - CoaD - Al ' ad - Arts an(1 Sci ' i ' P' 40y 

Actinia (Vrticina) crassicomis, LUtken.-.l (Nominal List.) Arctic Manual, p. 18G. 

Vrticina felina, v. Marenzeller j Denkschr. der K. Akadeni. der Wisseu., xxxv, pp. 35S and 379. 






EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



163 



The largo sea anemones brought home by the expedition belong, in all probability, to this 
species, as well as can be made out from alcoholic specimens. The color, when living, varied from 
bright orange-red to crimson, frequently in splashy stripes on a paler ground. 

Large numbers were washed ashore during the great gales iu the autumn of 1881, and they 
were occasionally picked up on the beach during the season of open water of 1SS2. They appeared 
to be rather plenty on what was called the "fishing-ground," a place about two miles from the 
shove, where the natives were catching polar cod through the ice in 10 to 15 fathoms of water. A 
few large ones were dredged off Point Franklin, in 13 J fathoms. 

This species is circumpolar in its distribution, and is recorded from Greenland, Norway, Ice- 
land, England, the east coast of North America as far south as Cape Cod, Bering Strait, Sitka, 
Paget Sound, and the Arctic Ocean between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land. 

Subfamily PHELLINZE. 

3. ? PHELLIA ARCTICA Verrill. 



Tear. 


Namo. 


Citations. 


1868 
1809? 
18705 




Proc. Essex Inst., vol. v, p. 328. 

Notes on Eadiata, p. 490 [from Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

. i], (reprint 1869-70). 





Several specimens of a rather small polyp, with a rough thickened epidermis and covered with 
grains of sand, were dredged off the station, in from 2J to 5 fathoms, especially on the patches of 
mud and sand mixed. 

All the specimens have the disk and tentacles retracted, and are much shrunk in the alcohol, 
so that identification is practically impossible. 

They are very likely to belong to this species, which was described by Verrill from a single 
specimen brought home by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition from the Arctic Ocean north 
of Bering Strait, in 30 fathoms of water. 

A species of Phellia, which is probably the same as this, was obtained by the Austro- Hungarian 
Expedition, in 1873, during their drift between Nova Zembla and Franz Josef Land. 

A third species of Actinoid polyp also occurred on the beach in large numbers among the large 
sea anemones. Specimens were obtained, but were spoiled in the attempt at preservation. In 
contraction, it appears to be devoid of a sucking disk at the base, and takes a spherical form. 
The color is white and translucent like pure paraffine, and the radiating septa are visible through 
the walls, giving it the appearance of a large gooseberry. 



HYDROZOA. 

My drawings of Medusae observed near Point Barrow, with the notes I made concerning them 
have been referred to Mr. J. W. Fewkes, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 
Mass., who has kindly examined them, and presents the following report: 

LIST OF THE MEDUSJE FEOM NEAR POINT BARROW, ARCTIC OCEAN. 

By J. Walter Fewkes, Ph. D. 

CTENOPHOEA. 

Beroe roseola (sp. Ag.). 
Mertensia ovum Morch. 
PleurobracJiia rJiododactyla Ag. 

DISCOPHOEA. 

Aurelia labiata ? Cham, et Eyren. 

Cyanea Postelsii ? Br. 

Chrysaora melanaster Br. 

Large Discophore, "rich blue violet" in color. 



164 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

TRACHYMEDUSA. 

JEgina citrea Esch. 

Aglaniha Camtschatica Haeck. (sp. A. Ag\). 

HYDEOIDA (GONOPHORES). 

Gemmaria f 
Mellccrtum sp. '? 
Sarsia rosaria Haeck. 
Staitrophora Mertensii f Br. 
Medusa resembling Turris. 

Chrysaora melanaster Bkandt. 

Umbrella flat, disk-shaped; radius, a little more than height; diameter, 1 foot. Aboral sur- 
face marked with 16 radial stripes of brownish color; 32 marginal lobes, each rounded and 
destitute of margiual teetb. Sense lappets slightly broader than the tentacular. Oral arms 4 in 
number; length, 3°; stout at common origin, tapering to pointed extremity, and abundantly 
fringed with folds on inner margin. Sense bodies, 8. Tentacles, 24; length, 3'. There are 3 ten- 
tacles between each pair of sense bodies. Color, bell, mouth-arms, light brown; radial stripes of 
the umbrella darker; tentacles, dark brown; frills on the oral arms, reddish. Locality, Point 
Barrow. Taken iu August, 1883. 

From the colored sketches it is not difficult to distinguish this species as C. melanaster. Of 
other species which the drawings resemble might be mentioned the closely-allied C. helvola Brandt. 
They differ from the latter in not having teethed marginal lappets, in the tentacles being shorter 
(in helvola they are as long as the mouth-arms), and in the colors. The colors agree more closely 
with those of G. melanaster than of helvola. There are, however, several differences. The varieties 
of color in C. meditcrranea from different localities have been described by Haeckel, and, consider- 
ing the great variation which he has shown to exist in the same species, we must not lay any great 
stress on differences of color as a distinguishing feature of different species of Chrysaora. 

The species (C. melanaster), according to Brandt, is never "less than a foot in diameter" 
(meaning, of course, the adult). Mr. Murdoch's drawings, therefore, represent small, perhaps 
young, specimens. The sixteen accessory, small, marginal lappets, which in older forms differen- 
tiate themselves from the sixteen ocular lappets, are not represented in the drawings. We may 
account for their absence from the youth of the specimens drawn. 

iBgina citrea Escn. 

Since the original description of this species by Esckscholtz in 1S29 it has never been reob- 
served. The locality from which the specimen which he described was taken is 34° N. lat, 201° W. 
long., North Pacific. 

Eschscholtz described two species of JEgina, A. rosea and A. citrea. The JEgina collected by 
Mr. Murdoch resembles more closely the descriptions of the latter. 

Alexander Agassiz, in "North American Acaleplne," described from Nahant, Mass., a new 
genus of hydroid jelly-fishes, which he called Campanella (sp. pachyderma) ; this genus is referred by 
Haeckel to JEgina, under the name of A. pachyderma. The anatomy of Campanella is very different 
from that of JEgina, and unless, with Haeckel, we regard these differences, following Alexander 
Agassiz's descriptions, as "Beobachtungs fehlern," we can hardly look upon the two as belonging 
to the same genus. If Campanella is generically different from JEgina, it is necessary to substitute 
the name JBginaria Haeckel for it, since, as Haeckel has well observed, Campanella was applied in 
1820 to an Infusorian. A new description is necessary before we can certainly know that JEginaria 
is generically different from JEgina. 

Of other species of JEgina, A. rhodina Haeck. and A. Canetricnsis Haeck. were found in the 
Canaries, and A. Esohscholtmii Haeck. in the Azores. The six known .species, according to Haeckel, 
"gehoven sainmtlick der warmeren Zone der nordlichen Erdluilfte." Mr. Murdoch's observation 
of A. citrea in the Arctic Ocean shows, however, that the genus has a wider distribution as far as 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 165 

temperature is concerned. Considering, as Haeekel does, that u Camp0MeUa n is a species of JEgina, 
hi* remarks on its limitations in distribution do not hold, for the distribution as known when 
" Das System der Medusen" was written. The only locality where "Campanclla" has been taken is 
Nahaut, Mass., which certainly is washed by cold waters and belongs to the colder zone. It is a 
significant fact that "Campanella" has never been taken in the bays south of Cape Cod, where the 
water is much warmer. The medusae of Massachusetts Bay are those characteristic of colder 
waters, while those of Narragansett Bay, which is south of Cape Cod, belong to the warmer zone 
of the North Atlantic. "Campanella" is found in the colder waters, and systematic fishing for a 
number of years in the latter locality has never brought it to light. 
Locality. — Cape Smythe, Alaska. 

Aglantha camtschatica Haeck. 

The figures add a little to our knowledge of this species. Alexander Agassiz, in his descrip- 
tion (North American Acalephse) of the same from Galiano Island, Gulf of Georgia, says there are 
from 40 to 48 tentacles. Mr. Murdoch's notes record "96 tentacles." The " three-lobed manubrium," 
mentioned in the same notes, must have been observed in an abnormal specimen (normally there 
are never less than four lobes). 

TIME OF YEAR WHEN JELLY-FISHES MENTIONED IN THE LIST ABOVE WERE TAKEN. 

B. roseola, March 7, July 18. 
M. ovxim, August 2. 

P. rliododactyla, July 18 (in all stages of growth). 
A. labiata, August and September. 

C. Postelsii, August to September 15, January 7, February C. 
Ch. melanaster, August 11 to October 13. 

A. citrea, February 27 to May 31. 

Ag. Camtschatica, July 18. 

Gemmaria, August 2. 

Melicertum, May 24. 

8. rosaria, March 9, April 26. 

St. Mcrtensii, August and September. 

TurrisUJce Medusa, March 13. 



HYDROZOA. 

HYDROIDA {Trophosomes). 

The Hydroid Medusae observed by the expedition have been described above by Mr. Fewkes. 
The following species of Hydroids are represented in the collection by their Irophosomes. 

1. SERTULARIA VARIABILIS S. F. Clark. 



.Year.' Same. Citations. 



', 1870 ' Seriularia variabilis. S. F. Clark : Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska, i. p. 17. pi. -viii, 

figs. 40-48. pi. ix. tigs. 49, 50. 



One large cluster and some fragments were dredged on a pebbly bottom in 5 fathoms near the 
head of Norton Sound. 

Clark has described the species from various points on the coast of Alaska, both i'roin among 
the Aleutian Islands and from Bering Sea. 



166 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

2. SERTULARELLA TRICUSPIDATA Hincks. 



Tear. 


Nunc. 


Citations. 


]86S 
1874 
1875 
3870 




British Hydroid Zoophytes, p. 239, pi. 47, fig. 1. 
2to Deutsche Nordpolarf., ii, p. 416. 
(Nominal list) Arctic Manual, p. 190. 
Sclent. Ees. of ExpL of Alaska, i, p. 20. 


Sertidarclla tricuspidata, Kirclicnpauer... 


Sertularclla tricuspidata, S. F. Clark 



This was dredged in very great abundance off Point Franklin, in 13J fathoms. 

It has been recorded from the Aleutian Islands and the Shumagins, and also from Greenland. 



3. THUIARIA CYUNDRICA S. F. Clark. 



Year. 


Namo. 


Citations. 


1876 


Thuiaria cyllndrica, S. IT. Clark 


Sclent. Res. of Expl. of Alaska, i, p. 22, pl. x, fig. 57. 

i 





Several specimens of a Thuiaria were dredged off Point Franklin in 13J fathoms, which I 
refer with some doubt to this species. 

It differs from Clark's types in the National Museum in having the longitudinal rows of hydro- 
theere less obvious, and the apertures of the hydrothecae directed alternately in opposite directions. 

This species was originally described from the eastern shores of Bering Sea. 

4. TTJBULARIA sp. 

A good-sized species of Tubularia, closely resembling T. indivisa, but apparently having more 
numerous oral tentacles, and of a bright crimson color, both stem and head, was quite abundant 
on the patches of mud and sand mixed, close to the station, in 2J to 3 fathoms of water. 

TUNICATA. 

ASCIDIACEA. 
ASCIDEE SIMPL1CES. 

1. ? BOLTENIA sp. 

Several large Boltenias, in form closely resembling the ordinary B. bolteni of the Atlantic coast, 
were found washed up on the beach October 13, 1881, after a heavy westerly gale. They were a 
brilliant red in color. 

The same (?) species was also dragged up by the cod-lines in about 18 or 20 fathoms of water 
off the mouth of Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia. 

2. ? MOLGULA sp. 

A small round Ascidian, always covered with sand, and probably a species of Molguld, was 
dredged in considerable numbers on the patches of mud and sand mixed, in about 2A- fathoms, close 
to the station. 

3. HALO CYNTHIA PYRIFORMIS (Rathke) Veil. 



Year. 


Same. 


Citations. 


1780 
1788 
1842 
1871 
1875 




Zool. Danica, ir, p. 41, pl. clvi, figs. 1, 2. 

Faun. Greenl., 322 (teste Mtken). 

Nova Acta Petropolitana, ii, p. 246, pl. vii, fig. 3S. 

Nat. Tids., i E., iv, p. 95. 

American Journal of Conckology, vii, pt. 2, p. 157. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 138. 















A single rather small specimen of this species was picked up on the beach near the station. 
Mr. Dall found it of large size and brilliant coloring at Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia, and at Petro- 
paulo vsk, Ka mtschatka. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



167 



It is recorded on the eastern coast of North America from Massachusetts Bay to Greenland, 
and also from Norway. 

Pallas (loc. cit.) records it from the Knrile Islands, but the specimens of Lophotlturiafabricii, 
in association with which this species was brought to him, arc believed to have come from St. Paul's 
Island, Bering Sea. 

Thaliacea. 

4. ? SALPA HERCULBA Dall. 



1 

lYear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


i~1871 




Amciican Journal of Concliolojty, vii, pt. 2, p. 158. 







As we approached the Aleutian Islands in August, 1881, we observed many enormous solitary 
Sctljpa', 4 or 5 inches in length. 

Judging by their size and the red color of the viscera, they probably belong to the species 
provisionally described by Mr. Dall as above. 

Larvacea. 

5. APPENDICULARIA ap. 

From August 8 to 15, 1S83, the water swarmed with myriads of a large Appendicularia floating 
backwards and forwards with the tide. The animals were extricating themselves from their 
"houses" and swimming free. The discarded "houses" continued to drift about for days, and 
were washed up on the beach in windrows. 

POLYZOA. 



The study of the Polyzoa brought home by the expedition has been attended with great diffi- 
culty on account of the absence of identified material in the National Museum for comparison. 

I have been able to make out three species, which were preserved in alcohol. They are as 
follows : 

GHILOSTOMATA. 

1. GEMELLARIA LORICATA (Lin.) Busk 



Tear. 


Name. 


Citations. 


1758 
18G7 
1875 
1878 
1878 
1882 




Syst. Naturae edit, x, p. S15. 

Oef v. af K. Vetensk-Akad. ForLandl., xxiv, p. 286, pi. xvii, fig. 54. 

(Nominal list.) Arctic Manual, p. 140. 

Denksclvr. d. K. Akad. d. Wisa., xxxv, p. 389. 

OelV. af K. Vetensk-Akad. ForLandl., xxxv, p. 18. 

Yega-Exp. Vetensk. Iakt., i, pp. 097-705 (passim). 






Gcmelluria loricata, v. Mareuzeller 







One large cluster was found washed up on the beach near the station. 

It has been recorded from the Baltic, Norway, Spitzbergen, Greenland, England, the Gulf of 
Saint Lawrence, New England, Nova Zembla, and northwards towards Franz Josef Land during 
the drift of the Tegethoff. 

2. FLUSTRA FAPYREA (Pall.) Siritt. 



Year. 


Name. 


Citations. 


X8G7 

1875 
1878 




ElencLus ZoopLvt.,p. 5G. 

Oefv. af K. Veteiisk-Akad. Fuiliandl., xxir, p. 350, pi. xx, fifrs. 9-11. 

(Nominal list). Arctic Manual, p. 140. 

Oefv. af Vetensk-Akad. Fiirhandl., xxxt, No. 3, p. 10. . 




Fk'stra popi/racea, Liitkeu 

Fii'.stra fmpyrca, Smitt 



This species occurred in very great abundance oft' Point Franklin, in 13k fathoms. 



168 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



It lias been found on tbe eastern coast of North America north of Cape God, in Greenland, 
the Mediterranean (teste Smitt), and the Atlantic from the British islands to Spitsbergen and 
Nova Zembla. 

3. LEIESCHARA SUBGRACILIS (D'Orb.) Smitt. 



L 1 

Year, i Name. 

! 


Citations. 


1780 
1863 
1867 
1875 
1878 
1878 
1882 


Millcpora truneata, 0. Fabricius 

Myriozoum subgracile, Packard 


Fauna Groenl., p. 433. 

Can. Kativr. & lieol., viii, p. 411, pi. ii, fig. 5. 

Oefv. at' K. VetenskAkad. Fbibandl., xxiv, Bibang, p. IS. 

(Nominal list). Arctic Manual, p. 140. 

Denksehr. d. K. Akad. d. Wiss., jxxv, p. 389. 

Oefv. af K. Yetensk-Akad. Forhandl., xxxv, No. 3, p. 20. 

Vega-Exp. Yctensk. Iakt., i,pp. 697-700 (passim). 


Ulyriozoon subyracile, Liitken 

Myriozoum subgracile, v. Harenzeller 

Leieschara subgracilis, Smitt. 





This was very abundant off Point Franklin. It lias been previously obtained in Labrador, 
(Packard), Greenland (Fabricius and Liitken), Spitzbergen, and Nova Zembla (Swedish expeditions), 
and north of Nova Zembla towards Franz Josef Laud (Austro-Hungarian Expedition). 

Membra nipora sp. and Discojpora t sp. were found incrusting tbe dead gastropod shells that 
washed up on the beacb. 

At least two other other species of Polyzoa, which at present cannot be determined, were 
dredged off Point Franklin. 

POEIFERA. 

At least three large species of sponges, one (probably) keratose and two (or three ?) silicious 
w-ere dredged off Point Franklin. 

They were all obtained inconsiderable abundance, and are in a good state of preservation, but 
are quite indeterminable with the resources at my command. They will have to be reserved for 
future special study. 

SUMMARY OF CRUSTACEA AND PYCNOGONIDA. 



Specie3. 



CRUSTACEA. 



Chioncecetes opilio 

Hyas latifrons 

Eupagurus trigonoclieivus. 
Eupagurus splendescens . . 

Cheraphilus boreas 

Nectocrangon lar 

Crangon vulgaris 

Hippoly to fabricii 

Hippolyte gaimardii 

Hippolyte spinus 

Hippolyte phippsii 

Pandalus dapifer 

Mysis rayii 

1 Diastylis lathkii var 

Diastylis sp 

Diastylis sp 

Arcturns hystrix 

Chiridotea cntomon 

Chiridotea sabinei 

Synidotea bicuspida 

Hyperia medusarum 

Theroisto libellula 

Enry tenes gryllus 

Onisimus litoralis 

Stegocephalus ampulla 

Easirns enspidatus 



o 

M 
F-i 
CJ 


3 

a 

a 

t-t 




o 


a 
s 
o 
xn 


W 


fH 


O 


a 






o 


a 





u 


M 


o 


o 


o 




F4 


Ph 


Ph 


te 




* 






* 


* 






* 


* 




* 


* 


+ 




* 


* 


* 


* 




* 


* 




* 


* 


* 
* 






* 








* 








* 


* 
* 






* 








* 










* 




* 


* 








* 








* 


* 






* 


* 






A 









Species. 



Crustacea — continued. 



Kliachotropis aculeata 

Acantbostepbeia malmgreni- 

Paramphithoe panopla 

Acantbozone pelyacantba . .. 

Atylus swaminerdamii 

Gammarus locusta 

Melita t'ormosa 

Melita lconis 

Ganimaracanthus loricatus .. 

Dulichia arc tica 

Lepidurus glacialis 

Branchinecta paludosa 

Polyartemia bazeni 

Balanus ? porcat us 

Peltogaster paguri 

Daphnia ? sp 

Cyclops ? sp 



ryc.NOcoxiDA. 



Nympbon crossipes.. 
Nympbon longitarse. 



Total, Crustacea, 44. 
Pycnogonida, 2 



29 



21 



Note. 
tundra. 



-The locality (Point Barrow) includes the beach and sea near the station, Elson Bay, and the fresh-water ponds of the 






EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 



1<59 



SUMMARY OF WORMS. 



Species. 



Polyuoo scabra 

Polynoe islaudica 

Polynoo sarsi 

Mela?nis loveui 

Mela;uis loveui var. gigantea 

STei)litliys cceca 

Eteone sp 

Phyllodoce gmenlaudica 

PLy llodoce sp 

Castalia multipapillata 

Autoly tus sp 



I* 


a 


(0 


TS 


o 


M 


ca 




ca 


a 


H 


O 

in 


« 


Ph 


O 




o 


a 


"S 


■*=• 


u 




o 






Ph 


Ph 


to 




^ 








* 






* 








* 








* 








* 






* 


* 








* 








X 








. * 








* 









Species. 



? Alicia aretica... 
Travisia forbesi . . 
Arenicola glacialis 
Brada granulata . . 

Maldane '! sp 

Pectinaria sp 

Echiurus vulgaris 
Phascolosoma sp. . 
Sagitta sp 

Total, 20 



SUMMARY OF ECHIJTODERMS. 



Species. 


o 

PQ 
-*a 
. H 

'o 


a 

s 

*=> 


"3 

Ph 


w 
a 

ca 
5 

*a- 

5 




3 
03 

B 
o 

H 
O 


tH © 

».= 

o 

s 


Species. 


o 
re 

p? 

g 
'3 
Ph 


g 
1 

M 

.g 
'3 
Ph 


o 

CJ 

5 

M 

O 

Ph 


•a 
a 

3 



o 

o 


t£~ 

Ph-2 

8.8 
> 

o 

Ph 




* 


* 

* 




* 




Cribrella sanguinolenta 




4 






* ? 




* * 






* 


* 


? Trocbostonia borealc 

StroDgylocentrotus drobaehi- 




* * 




Ophioglypha nodosa 




* 


* 








A»n«pujraii»p 




Total, 17 


7 


2 


3 


2 ? 















1 Dragged up on cod-lines. 



SUMMARY OF ANTHOZOA. 



Species. 


o 

M 

« 


S3 

fh 
ft 


6 
o 

CO 


r3 


3 
o 

m 
a 


h-3 


Species. 


O 

ca 
Ph 


% 

u 


O 

a 
o 

ca 

3 


t3 

o 
a 
o 
m 
a 


Ph| 






•+3 




o 


0P.O 






-w 


o 






.s 


'3 


o 


o 


o 




_g 
'3 


_g 
"3 


h 


tH 

o 


> 

o 




Ph 


Ph 


Ph 


£ 


Ph 




Ph 


Ph 


Ph 


& 


Ph 




A 


^ 


t 


^ 


„ 


? 


j. 










Urticina crassicornis 


* 


* 




















* 










Total, 4 


4 


2 


1 


1 


1 







1 Dragged up on eod-lines. 



SUMMARY OF HYDROZOA. 



Species. 



Beroij roseola 

Mertensia ovnm 

Pleurobracbia rhododactyla 

Aurelia labiata ? 

Cyanca postclsii ? 

Cii ry saora luelanaster 

^2gina citrea 

Aglantha camtschatica 

Gemraaria ? sp 

Tubalaria sp 



H. Ex. 44- 



-22 



Species. 



Melicertuvn ? sp 

Sarsia rosaria 

Staurophoramertensii ? - 

Turris 1 sp 

Sertularia variabilis 

Sertularella tricuspidata 
Thuiaria cylindrica 

Total,17 



14 



170 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



SUMMARY OF TUXICATJES. 



Species. 


o 

u 

M 

5 
ft 


a 

S 

a 

C3 
ft 

a 
'8 
ft 


a 

5 

o 

Pi 


r3 
a 
a 

o 

a 
o 

o 


o 


2 
« 

+-» 

M 
O 


Species. 


o 
u 
u 
a 
ft 
-+J 
a 
o 
ft 


e 

ft 

_g 
'o 
ft 


o 

a 

<u 

H 
CJ 

5 

o 

ft 


a 

a 

o 
CO 

el 
o 

X* 
o 


35 


ft 

M 
O 

'A 




* 
* 


* 










? Salpa licrculea 

Appcndicnlaria sp 

Total C 


* 










* 


? Molgulasp 

Halocynthia pyriformis. 

Clielysoma liiacleaya- 


4 


1 








i 


1 







1 Dragged up by cod-lines. 



'Gulf of Alaska. 



SUMMARY OF POLYZOA. 



Species. 


o 
u 

H 

pq 


1 

ft 


o 

o 


a 

o 
w 

S 


K-, 
ft. 2 

p <0 


Species. 


O 


3 


a 

& 


03 
O 
(3 
CD 

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1 Dragged up on cod-lines. 

In the foregoing report I Lave endeavored to make the synonymy of the species as complete as 
possible for references to works on arctic and boreal zoology, and have generally confined myself 
to snch references. 

The following list does not undertake to be a complete bibliography of the subject, bat contains 
the most important works, chiefly on arctic or boreal zoology, which I have been able to examine 
myself. They are arranged chronologically. 



LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED IX THE PREPARATION OP THIS REPORT. 

1774. Pallas, P. S. Petri S. Pallas, M. D., Profess. Hist. Nat. ct Acad. Scient. Iinper. Petropol. membr, ordin. Acad. 
Cres. Nat. Cur. et Soc. Reg. Anglic. Sodalis Spicilegia Zoologiea Tomns I, continens Quadrupedium, Avium, 
Ampliibiorum, Piscium, Iuscctormn, Molluscorum, Aliorurnque marinornm fascicules decern. 2 vols. 4to. 
Berlin. 

1774. Piiipps, Coxstaxtixk Joiix. A Voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by his Majesty's command. 1773. 
By Constantino JohnPhipps, London. 

177C. Muller, O. F. Zoologiro Danicie Prodromrts, sen Aniinaliuin Dauias ct Nortvegira indigenarum characteres, 
noinina et synonyma imprimis popularhrm, Auctore Othone Friderico Miiller, Pegi Daniors a Consiliis Status, 
Acad. Scient. N. Cnrios. Holmens. et Boicrc, Havniens, Norv. Berolinens. aliarnmquc Societ. Liter. Sodali, 
Acad. Paris Corresp. Copenhagen. 

1780. Fabricius, Otiio. Fauna Grcenlandica, systematice sistens Animalia Groenlandise occidentalis hactcmis inda- 
gata, quoad nomen specificum, triviale, vernaculumquo; synonyma auctorum plurium, descriptionem, locum, 
victum, generationem, mores, usum; capturanrque singuli, prout detegendi oceasio fuit maximaque parte 
secundum proprias ohscrvationes Othonis Fahricii ministri evangelii, quondam Groeniandis ad coloniam Frider- 
ichshaah, posthac norvagis Drangedaliffi, nunc vcro Danis Hophnti Iutia-, membri societate scicntiarum quro 
est Hafrdse. pp. xvi, 452, pi. 1. Hafnirc ct Lipsise. 

1788. FABRICIUS, Otiio. Bcskrivolse over den store Gionlandskc Krabbc, ved Otho Fabricius. Nye Sanding af det 
Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrivter. Tredie Dcel. Kjobenhavn. 

1788-180G. Mtoler, O. F. Zoiilogia Danica sen Animalium Dauhe et Norwegia?, rariorum ac minus notonim Descrip- 
tiones et Historia. Auctore Othone Friderico Muller, Eegi Danise a consiliis confer. Acad. Scient. et Cur. 
Bouon. Holm, ct Boica 1 , Havn. Norv. Berol. Bern. Dantise. ct Loncl. sc. Societ. Lit. Sodali Acad. Paris. Corresp. 
Folio: Vols, i and ii, 1788; iii, 1789: iv, 180C. Copenhagen. 

1788. Pallas, P. S. Marina varia nova et rariora; descripsit P. S. Pallas. Nova Acta Academic Scicntiarum Impe- 
rials Petropolitaiur. Tomns ii, pp. 229-240, pis. v-vii. St. Petersburg. 

1820, Savigxy, J. C. Systomc des Annclkles principalemcnt de colics des cotes d-e 1'lSgjpte et de la Syria, offraut les 
Characteres taut distinctifs que naturels des Orel res, Families ct Genres, avec la description des Espfecesj par 
Jules C6sar Saviguy, Membre do l'lustitut de l'Kgyptc. pp. 128, pis. i-v. Paris. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARliOW, ALASKA. 



171 



1820. Scoresby, W., jr. An Account of tlic Arctic Regions, with a History aud Description of the Northern Whalo 
Fishery. By W. Scoresby, jr., P. E. S. E. Illustrated by 24 engravings. In 2 vols, 8vo. Edinburgh: 
printed for Archibald Constable & Co. 

1824. Sabine, EpWABD. (Marine) Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward .Sabine. A supplement to the Appendix 
of Captain Parry's Voyage for the Discovery of the Northwest Passage, in the years 1819-'20, containing an 
account of the subjects of Natural History, pp. ccxix-ccxxxix, pla. L-ii. London. 

1830. EDWARDS, II. Milne. Extrait de Eeckerch.es pour servir a lTIistoirc Naturelle des Crustacea amphipodes. Par 
M. H. Milne-Edwards. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, par MM. Audouin, Ad. Bronguiai t et Dumas, torn- 
prcnant la physiologic animale ct vegctale, l'anatoniie. compared des deux regncs, la zoologie, la botauiqnc, 
la niincralogie ct la geologic. Tome vingticme, accompagno de planches, pp. 353-390, pis. 10-11. Paris. 

1835. Brandt, Johannes Fridericus. Prodromns descriptionis Auinialium ab II. Mertensio observaiorum anctoro 
Johanno Friderico Brandt. Fascic. i. Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, necnou Eehinodcr- 
niata continens. Bccueil des Actes de la seance publique de l'Academic Imperiale des Sciences dc St. Peters- 
bourg, tenuo la 29 Decembre, 1834. pp. 201-275. St. Petersburg. 

1835. Eoss, James Clark. Account of the Objects in the several departments of Natural History, seen and discov- 

ered during tho present expedition. By Capt. James Clark Eoss, E. N., F. R. S., F. E. A. S., F. L. S., &c. 
Marino Invertebrate Animals, pp. lxxxiv-c, pis. B and C. Appendix to tho narrative of the Second Voyage 
in Search of a Northwest Passage, and of a residence in tho Arctic Regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 
1832, 1833. By Sir John Eoss, C. B., K. S. A., K. C. S., &c, <fcc., Captain in tho Eoyal Navy. Including tho 
reports of Comniauder, now Captain, James Clark Eoss, R. N., F. R. S., F. L. S., &c, and the discovery of the 
Northern Magnetic Pole. London. 

1837. Edwards, H. Milne. Histoirc Naturelle des Crustacces, comprenant P Anatomic, la Physiologic, et la Classifi- 

cation de ces Animaux; Par M. Milue Edwards, Docteur cs Sciences, &c. 3 vols. Paris. 

1836. KrOyee, Henrik. Conspectus Crustaceorum Grcenlandioe. Anctore Henrik Kroyer. Naturhistori.sk Tidsskrift. 

Udgivct af Henrik Kroyer. ii, pp. 249-361. Kjobenhavn. 

1838. Kroyer, Henrik. Gronlands AmGpoder beskrivno af Henrik Kroyer. Dot Kongelige Dausko Videnskabernes 

Selskabs Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiskc Af handlinger, vii, pp. 229-326. Kjobenhavn. 
1841. Forbes, Edward. A History of British Starfishes, and other animals of the class Echiuodermata. By Edward 
Forbes, M. W S., For. Sec. B. S., &c. Illustrated by woodcuts, pp.270. 12 mo. London. 

1841. Kroyer, Henrik. Udsigt over de nordiske Arter af Slaegten Hippolyte, ved Henrik Kroyer. Naturhistorisk 

Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. iii, pp. 570-579. Kjobenhavn. 

1842. Kroyer, Henrik. Nye nordiske Slaegter og Alter af Amfipodernes Orden , henhorende til Familien Gammarina, 

(Forolobigt Uddrag afet stone Arbejde) ved Henrik Kroycr. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik 
Kroyer. iv, pp. 141-1C6. Kjobenhavn. 

1842. Kroyer. Hexrik. De hi dtil bekjendtc nordiske Krangon-Arter, beskrivnc af Henrik Kroyer. Naturhistorisk 
Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. iv, pp. 217-276, pis. iv, v. Kjobenhavn. 

1842. Kroyer, Hexrik. Monografisk Fremstilliug af Slaegten Hippolytc's Nordiske Arter ved Henrik Kroyer. Med 
bidrag til Dekapodernes Udviklingshistorie. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidens- 
kabelige og Mathematiske Af handlinger. ix, pp. 209-360. Kjobenhavn. 

1842. Muller, Johannes", and TROSCnEL, Franz Hermann. System der Asteriden von Dr. Johannes Miiller, und Dr. 

Franz Hermann Troschel. Mit zwolf Kupfertafeln. pp. xx, 135. 4to. Brunswick. 

1843. Oersted, A. S. Gronlands AnuulataDorsibranehiatabcskrivne af A. S. Oersted, pp. 64, pis. viii. Kjobenhavn. 
1843. Ratiike, Heixricii. Beit-rage zur Fauna Norwegens von Heiurich Rathke, M. d. A. d. N. Mit 12 kupfertafelu. 

Novorum Actorum Academite Ca?sarea> Lcopoldino-Carolime Naturrc curiosornm Toinus vicesimus sen decadis 
tertifc primus, pp. l-264c, pis. i-xii. Breslau and Bonn. 
1344. Kroyer, Henrik. Bidrag til Kundskab om Pycuogoniderue eller Sospindlerne. Ved Henrik Kroyer. Natur- 
historisk Tidsskrift. Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. i, pp. 90-139, pi. i. Kjobenhavn. 

1845. Kroyer, Hexrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsrettelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. 

Udgivet af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. i, pp. 453-638, pis. vi, vii. Kjobenhavn. 

1846. Kroyer, Hexrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsajttelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. 

Udgivet af Henrik Kroycr. Andet Rcekke. ii, pp. 1-211. Kjobenhavn. 

1847. Kroyer, Henrik. Karcinologiske Bidrag af Henrik Kroyer. (Fortsajttelse) Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift. 

Udgivct af Henrik Kroyer. Andet Rcekke. ii, pp. 366-446. Kjobenhavn. 
1851. Brandt, F. Echinodermcn, Bearbeitet von den Herren Akademiker F. Brandt, und Professor Dr. E. Grube. 
pp. 27-42, pi. iv. 
Krebse. Bearbeitet voin Akademiker Dr. F. Brandt, pp. 79-143, pis. v, vi. 

(First title page.) Rcise in den Anssersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wiihrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844' 
mit allerhochster geuchmigung auf Ycranstaltung der kaiserlichen Akademie der Visscnchaften zu St. 
Petersburg ausgefiihrt und in Verbiuduug mitvielen Gelchrter herausgegeben von Dr. A. Th. v. Middcu- 
dorff. ZweiterBaud. Theil 1. 
(Second title page. ) Dr.- A. Th. v. Middeudorff's Reise in den Ausscrsten Norden und osten Sibiriens. Band 
ii Zoologie Theil 1. Wirbellosc Thiere: Annulaten. Echinodermcn. Insectcu. Krebse. Mollusken. Para- 
.siten. Bearbeitet von F. Brandt, W F. Erichson, Seb. Fischer, E. Grube, E. Menotrics. A. Th. v. 
Middcudorff (mit 32 iithographirten Tafeln). St. Petersburg. 
1351. FISCHER, Seis. Braaeliip'odou und Entomostracen. Bearbeitet von Dr. Seb. Fischer. MiddcndoilFs "Eeise, 
&c," ii, Tli. 1, pp. 149-162, pi. vii. St. Petersburg. 



172 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

1851. Steenstrup, J. Myriotrochus Biukii Sip., en ny Form af de lungelose og fodlose Sopolsers (Holothuiiors) 

Gruppe. Af Professor J. Steenstrup (Meddclt i Modet do 26de Marts 1851). (Hertil Tab. iii, figg. 7-10) 
Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1851. pp. 55-60. 
Kjobenhavn, 1852. 

1852. Adams, Arthur. (List of Crustacea.) "For the following list I am indebted to Arthur Adams, esq., surgeon, 

E. N." Journal of a Voyage iu Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits in tbe years 1S50-'51, performed by H. M. sbips 
"Lady Franklin" and "Sophia," under the command of Mr. William Penny, in search of the missing crews 
of IT. M. ships Erebus and Terror; with a narrative of sledge excursions on the ice of Wellington C'bannel; 
and observations on the natural history and physical features of the countries and frozen seas visited. By 
Fetcr C. Sutherland, M. D., M. E. C. S. E., surgeon to the expedition, ii, appendix, pp. ccv-ccvii. London. 

1852. Baird, Wm. Monograph of the family Apodida?, a family of Crustaceans belonging to the division Entomostraca; 
with a description of a new species of Apus, and two species of Ostracoda belonging to the genus Cypris. 
By W. Baird, M. D., F. L. S., etc. (Annulosa, pi. xxii, xxiii.) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 
London, pt. xx, 1852, pp. 1-8. London. 

1852. Baird, Wm. Monograph of the family Branchipodidic, a family of Crustaceans belonging to the division Ento- 
mostraca, with a description of a new genus and species of the family, aud two new species belonging to the 
family Limuadiadaj. By W. Baird, M. D., F. L. S., &c. (Annulosa, pi. xxii, xxiii.) Proceedings of the 
Zoological Society of London, pt.xx, 1852, pp. 18-31. London. 

1852. Forbes Edward. Notes on animals of the class Echinodermata collected by Dr. Sutherland iu Assistance 
Bay, by Professor Edward Forbes, F. E. S. Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage, &c," ii, appendix, pp. 
ccxiv-ccxvi. London. 

1852. Huxley, Thomas II. Ascidians aud Echiuoderms. Eemarks upon some specimens collected and preserved in 

spirits by Dr. Sutherland. By Thomas H. Huxley,' esq., F. E. S., assistant surgeon R. N. Sutherland's 
"Journal of a Voyage, &c." ii, appendix, pj>. ccxi-ccxiii. London. 

1853. Bell, Thomas. A History of the British Stalk-eyed Crustacea. By Thomas Bell, See. E. S., F. G. S., F. Z.S., 

&c. Illustrated by 174 wood engravings, pp.336. 8vo. London. 

1853. Stimpsox, William. Synopsis of the Marine Iuvertebrata of Grand Manau : or the region about tbe mouth of 
the Bay of Fuudy, New Brunswick. By William Stimpson. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, pp. 
67, pis. iii. 4 to. Washington and New York. 

1855. Bell, Thomas. Account of the Crustacea. By Thomas Bell, Esq., V. P. K. S., President of the Linueau Society. 
The Last of the Arctic Voyages ; being a narrative of the Expedition in H. M. S. Assistance, under the command 
of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C. B., iu search of Sir John Franklin, during tbe years 1852-'53-'54, with notes 
on the Natural History by Sir John Richardson, Professor Owen, Thomas Bell, J. W. Salter, and Lovell 
Reeves, ii, pp. 400-411, pis. xxxiv, xxxv. London. 

1855. Lutkex, Che. Bidrag til Kundskab ora Slangestjerne, 1. Forelobig Oversigt over Gronlaudshavets Ophiurer 
af Chr. Liitkeu. (Meddelt den 8de Novbr. 1854). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske 
Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1854, med 5 Steeutrykstabler. Udgivne af Selskabets Bestyrelse. pp. 
95-104. Kjobenhavn. 

1857. Lutkex, Chr. Oversigt over Gronlands Echinodermer. Af Docent Chr. Liitkeu, Assistant ved Universitets 
Zoologiske Museum. (Meddelt i Modet d. 15de April 1857.) Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhis- 
toriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, for Aaret 1857. Udgivne af Selskabets Bestyrelse. Med tre litkographeredo 
Tavler og et Kort. pp. 1-55. Kjobenhavn. 

1857. Stimpsox, William. The Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America. By William 
Stimpson. pp. 92, pis. xviii-xxiii. (Extracted from the Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 
vol. vi 1 .) Eiverside, Cambridge. 

1857. Stimpsox, William. Notices of new species of Crustacea of Western North America; being an abstract from 
a paper to be published in the Journal of the Society. By William Stimjjson. Proceedings of the Boston 
Society of Natural History, vi, pp. 84-89. Boston, 1859. 

1857. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quaj in Expeditione ad Oceanum 

Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Eepublica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Einggold et Johanne Eogers Ducibus, 
observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson, pt. iii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- 
phia, 1857, pp. 216-221. Philadelphia, 
1S58. Lutkex, Chr. Fr. Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum. Beskrivende og kritiske Bidrag til Kundskab 
om Slangestjernerne. Af Chr. Fr. Liitken, Dr. Philos., Assistant ved Universitctets Zoologiske Museum. Co- 
penhagen. 

1858. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis, &c, part vii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci- 

ences of Philadelphia, 1858, pp. 225-252. Philadelphia, 

1859. Lii.ljeborg, W. Les Genres Liriope et Peltogaster, H. Rathke. Par W. Lilljeborg, Professeur de Zoologie a 

Upsala en Suede. (Extr. des Nova Acta Eeg. Socict. Scient. Upsah, Ser. 3;tise, vol. iii.) Upsala, 1859. 
1859~'0O. Bruzelius, Ragxar M. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea af Ragnar M. 
Bruzelius. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Haudlingar. Ny Foljd. Tredje Bandet. 1859, 1860. 
pp. 1-104, pis. i-iv. Stockholm, 1862. 

1860. Stimpsox, William. Prodromus Descriptionis, &c, pt. viii. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 

of Philadelphia, 1860, pp. 22-47. Philadelphia. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 173 

1861. Sars, Michael. Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer Ted Dr. Michael Sara, Professor ved Clirislianias Universitet. 

Udgivcn af Videnskabselskabet i Christiania. Med 16 lithograpberede Plancher. pp. 160. Christiania. 

1862. Bate, C. Sfexce. Catalogue of tlie specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the collection of (he British 

Museum.' By C. Spence Bate, F. R. S., F. L. S., etc. pp. 389, pis. lviii. 8vo. LoudoD. 

1863. Goes, A. Crustacea decapoda podophthalma mariua Suecioc., interpositis speciebus norvegiis aliisque vicinis, 

enumerat A. Goes. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xs, pp. 161-180. Stockholm. 
1863. Packard, A. S., jr. A list of Animals dredged near Caribou Island, Southern Labrador, during July and 

August, 1860. By A. S. Packard, jr. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and proceedings of the Natural 

History Society of Montreal, conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society, viii, pp. 401-429, pis. 

i and ii. Montreal. 
1863. SxiMrsox, William. Synopsis of the Marine Iuvertcbrata collected by the late Arctic Expedition under Dr. I. 

I. Hayes. By William Stimpsou, M. D. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

1863. pp. 133-142. Philadelphia, 1864. 

1863. Verrill, A. E. Jiccisiou of tlie Polypi of the Eastern Coast of the United Stales. By A. E. Verrill. Memoirs 

read before the Boston Society of Natural History ; being a new series of the Boston Journal of Natural His- 
tory, i, pp. 1-45. Boston. 

1864. Kinahax. Synopsis of the species of the Families Crangonidye and Galatheid;8 which inhabit the seas around 

the British Isles. (Plates iii-xv.) Proceedings of the Eoyal Irish Academy. Vol. viii, pp. 67-80. Dublin. . 

1865. Goes, A. Crustacea amphipoda maris Spetsbergiam alluentis cum speciebus aliis arcticis enumerat A. Goes. 

Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxii, pp. 517-536, pis. xxxvi-xli. Stockholm. 
1865. Johnston, George. A Catalogue of the British non-parasitical Worms in the collection of the British Museum, 

by George Johnston, M. D., Edin., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; and LL.D. Maris- 

chal College, Aberdeen, etc. London, pp. 365, pis. xx. 8vo. 
1865. Lyman, Theodore. OphiuridasandAstrophytida?, by Theodore Lyman. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum 

of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Published by order of the Legislature of Massachusetts. No. 

I. pp. viii, 280, pis. ii. Cambridge. 
1865. Malmgrex, A. J. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater af A. J. Malmgren. (Aftryck ur Ofversigt afK. Vet.- Akad. For- 
handlingar, 1865.) Stockholm. 
1865. Quatrefages, A. de. Histoire Naturelle des Annele's Marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens par M. A. 

de Quatrefages. Membre de 1'Institut. Professeur au Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 2 vols, text, 

1 vol. pis. Paris. 

1865. Verrill, A. E. Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commo- 

dore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. William Stimpson, 
Naturalist to the Expedition. With descriptions of some additional species from the West Coast of North. 
America. By A. E. Verrill. Part II, Alcyonaria, with two plates. Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol. 
iv, 1864-'65, pp. 181-196. Salem, 1866. 

1866. Ljtjxgmax, Axel. Ophiuroidea viventia hue usque cognita enumerat Axel Ljungman. Ofversigt af Kongl. 

Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxxiii, pp. 303-336. Stockholm. 

1866. Verrill, A. E. On the Polyps and Echinoderms of New England, with descriptions of New Species. By A. E. 

Verrill. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, x, pp. 333-357. Boston. 

1867. Malmgren, A. J. Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergise, Grcenlandiae Islandise et Scandinavia? haetenus cognita. 

Auctore Dr. A. J. Malmgren. cum xiv tabulis. Helsingfors. 
1867. Packard, A. S., jr. Observations on the Glacial Phenomena of Labrador and Maine, with a view of the recent 
invertebrate fauna of Labrador. By A. S. Packard, jr., M. D. Read October 4, 1865. Memoirs read before* 
the Boston Society of Natural History ; being a new series of the Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 
i, pp. 210-303, pis. 7, 8. Boston. 

1867. Smitt, F. A. Kritisk forteckuing iifver Skaudmaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Af F. A. Sinitt. Ofversigt af Kongl. 

Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. xxiv, pp. 279-429, pis. xvi-xx; and Appendix, pp. 1-230, pis. xxiv— 
xxviii. Stockholm, 1868. 

1868. Hixcks, Thomas. A History of the British Hydroid Zoophytes. By Thomas Hincks, B. A. In two volumes. 

8vo. Loudon. 
1868-'69. Verrill, A. E. Synopsis of the Polyps and Corals of tbc North Pacific Exploring Expedition, tinder Commo- 
dore C. Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. William Stimpson, 
Naturalist to the Expedition. Part IV. Actinaria, with Supplement and Geographical Lists, with three plates. 
By A. E. Verrill, Professor of Zoology in Yale College, New Haven, Conn . pp. 70. (From the Communications 
of the Essex Institute, vols, v and vi, Dec, 1863, to Nov.. 1869.) 

1869. Verrill, A. E. Observations on Phyllopod Crustacea cf the Family Branchipidse, with descriptions of some 

New Genera and Species from America. By A. E. Verrill, of New Haven, Conn. Proceedings of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science; Eighteenth Meeting, held at Salem, Massachusetts, August, 
1869. pp. 230-247. Cambridge. 
1869. Verrill, A. E. Descriptions of some new American Phyllopod Crustacea; By A. E. Verrill; Contributions to 
Zoology from the Museum of Yale College, No. III. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Conducted 
by Professors B. Silliman and James D. Dana, in connection with Professors Asa Gray and Wolcott Gibbs, of 
Cambridge, and Professors H. A. Newton, S. W. Johnson, George J. Brush, and A. E. Verrill, of New Haven. 
Second Series, vol. xlviii. [Whole number, xcviii] Nos. 142, 143, 144. pp. 244-254. New Haven. 



174 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 

1869-'70. Verrill, A. E. Notes on Eadiata in the Museum of Yale College. By A. E. Veirill, Professor of Zoology, 
Yale Col 1 . New Haven, Conn. pp. 247-567, pis. iv-x. (From the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy 
of Arts ai... sciences, vol. i ; reprinted 1869-70.) New Haven. 

1870. Boeck, Axel. Crustacea aniphipoda borealia et arctica auctore Axel Boeck (Sterskilt aftrykt afVidensk-Sel.sk. 

Forkandlingar for 1870). pp. 200, ii-viii. 

1871. Dall, W. II. Descriptions of sixty new forms of Mollusks from the west coast of North America and the North 

Pacific Oceau, with notes on others already described. By W. H. Dall. (From American Journal of Con- 
chology, vii, pt. 2.) pp. 93-160, pis. 13-16. 
1871. LiJTKEX, Cur.. Et Bidrag til Kundskah om Spitshergens Echiuoderm-Fauna. Af Dr. phil. Chr. Liitken. 
(Meddeit den 9de Juni, 1871. ) Videuskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Foreniug i Kjobenhavn, for 
Aaret 1871. Udgivno af Selskabets Bestyrelse. Med 9 Tavler og nogle i Tcxten indtrykte Tnesnit. Tredie 
Aartis tredie Aargang 23, pp. 305-308. 

1871. Stimpsox, William. Notes on North American Crustacea in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, No. III. 

By William Stimpson, M. D., corresponding member. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New 
York, vol. x, Nos. 4-5, pp. 92-136. New York. 

1872. Boeck, Axel. D'e Skandiuaviske og Arktiske Amtipoder, Beskrivne af Axel Boeck. Christiauia. 

1874. Buchholz, R. Crustaceen. Bearheitet von E. Buchholz in Greifswald. Mit 15 Lithographirten Tafeln. Die 
ZweLto Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in den Jahren 1869 unci 1870 vmter fiihrung des Kapitiin Karl Koldewcy. 
Hcrausgegeben von dem Verein fiir die Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in Bremen. Zweite Band. Wisscnsckaft- 
liche Ergebnissc, mit 31 Tafeln in Lithographie unci Kupferstich und 3 lithographirten Karten. Svo. pp. 
262-399, pis. i-xv. Leipzig. 

1874. Kirciif.xpatjee. Hydroiden und Bryozoen. Bearbeitet von Kirchenpauer in Hamburg. Die Zweite Deutsche 
Nordpolarfahrt, &c. ii, pp. 411-428. 

1874. MObius, Kahl. Mollusken, Wiirmer, Echinodermen und Coelenteraten. Bearbeitet von Karl Mobius in Kiel. 
Mit eiuer Tafel in Kupferstich. Die Zweite Deutsche Norpolarfahrt, &c, ii, pp. 246-261, pi. 1. 

1874. Wiiiteayes, J. F. On recent Deep-sea Dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. By J. F. Whiteaves. 

The American Journal of Science and Arts. Third Series, vol. vii (whole number, cvii), pp. 210-219. New 
Haven. 

1875. LOtkex, Chr. Fr. The Crustacea of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1375 

(nominal list, with references). Manual of the Natural History, Geology, and Physics of Greenland and the 
neighboring regions: prepared for the use of the Arctic Expedition of 1875, under the direction of the arctic 
committee of the Royal Society, and edited by Professor T. Rupert Jones, F. R. S., F. G. S., &c, together 
with Instructions suggested by the Arctic committee of the Royal Society for the use of the Expedition. Pub- 
lished by the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, pp. 146-165. London. 

1875. LiiTKEN, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Annelida and other, not Entozoic, Worms of Greenland. By 
Dr. Chr. Liitken, University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 167-179. London. 

1875. LiJTKEX, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Echinoclermata of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University 
Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 184-185. London. 

1875. LiJTKEX, Chr. Fr. A Revised Catalogue of the Anthozoa and Calycozoa of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, 
University Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 186-7. 

1875. Lutkex, Chr. Fr. A Revised List of the Acalepha) and Hydrozoa of Greenland. By Dr. Chr. Liitken, University 

Museum, Copenhagen, 1875. (Arctic) Manual, &c. pp. 187-190. 

1876. Clark, S. F. Report on the Hydroids collected on the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, by W. H. 

Dall, U. S. Coast Survey, and party, from 1871 to 1874, inclusive. By S. F. Clark, Yale College, New Haven. 
Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska, by parties under the charge W. H. Dall, during the years 
1865-1874. i, No. 1, Article I, pp. 5-34, pis. i-x. Washington. 

1876. Lockixgtox, W. N. Description of Seventeen New Species of Crustacea. By W. N. Lockington. pp. 8. From 

the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, March 20, 1876. 

1877. McIntosh, W. C. On the Annelida obtained during the Cruise of H. M. S. Valorous to Davis Strait in 1875. 

By W. C. Mcintosh, M. D., LL. D.,F. R. SS. L. &, E.,F. L. S., &c. Transactions of the Linnean Society of 
London, Series 2, Zoology, vol. i, pp. 499-511, pi. lxv. 

1877. Miees, Edward Johx. List of the Species of Crustacea collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton at Spitzbergen in the 
summer of 1873, "with their Localities and Notes. By Edward J. Miers, F. L. S., F. Z. S., Assistant in the Zo- 
ological Department, British Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, 
Botany, and Geology. Series 4, six, pp. 131-140. London. 

1877. Miers, Edward John. Report on the- Crustacea collected by the naturalists of the Arctic Expedition in 1875- 
1876. By Edward J. Miers, F.L. S.,F.Z. S., Assistant in the Zoologi»al Department, British Museum. The 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, &c. Series 4, xx, pp. 52-66 & 96-110, pis. iii, iv. London. 

1877. Sars, G. O. Prodromus descriptionis Crustaceorum etPycnogonidarum, qua? in expeditione Norwegica anno 1876, 
observavit G. O. Sars Archiv for Mathcmatik og Naturvidenskab. Udgivct af Sophus Lie, Worm Miiller og G. 
O. Sars. Andet Bind. pp. 237-271 (pp. 200-268 are misprinted 300-368). Kriatiama. 

1877. Streets, T. H., and Kixgsley, J. S. An Examination of Types of some recently described Crustacea. By T. 
Hale Streets, M. D., and J. S. Kiugsley. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Volume ix, 1877; pp. 103-108. 
Salem, Mass. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA, 



175 



1878. Heller, Camil. Die Crustaccen, Pycnogoniden und Tunicaten dor K. K. Osterr.-Uugar. Nordpol-Expeditiou 
Bearbeitet von Prof. Camil Heller in Innspruck (mifc 5 Tafeln). Deukschriften der Kaiserliclien Akademie 
der Wissensehaftcn. Mathematisch-natarwisscuschaftliche Classe. xxxv, pp. 25-44, pis. i-v. Wien. 

1878. v. Makenzelleb, Emil. Die Coclenterateu, Echinodermen und Wiirmer der K. K. Ostcrreichisch-Ungarischcn 
Nordpol-Expcdition. Bearbeitet von Dr. Emil v. Marenzeller mit 4 Tafeln. Denksckriftcn der Kaiserliclien 
Akademie der Wissensehaftcn.^ Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlicho Classe. xxxv, pp. 357-308, pis. i-iv. 
Wien. 

1878. Smitt, F. A. Eecensio systematica animalium Bryozoorum, quia? in itineribns, annis 1875 ct 1876, ad insulas 
Novaja Semlja et ad ostium flumiuis Jenisei, duce Professore A. E.Nordenskiold, invenerunt Doctores A.. Stux- 
berg et H. Th6el. Auctore F. A. Smitt. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forbandlingar, 
xxxv, pp. 11-26. Stockholm, 1878-'79. 

1878. Stcxberg, Anton. Ecbiuodermer fran Novaja Semljas haf samlade under Nordenskioldska expeditionerua 1875 
ocbl876. Af AntonStuxberg. Tafl.vi. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forbandlingar, xxxv, 
pp. 27-40. Stockholm, 1878-79. 

1878. Wilson, Edmund B. Synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. By Edmund B. Wilson, pp. 26, pis. vi. 

8vo. (From the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v.) New Haven. 

1879, Kumlien, Ludwig. Contributions to the Natural History of Arctic America, made in connection with the 

Howgate Polar Expedition, 1877-'78. By Ludwig Kumlien, 1879, 8 vo, pp. 179. (M. C.xxiii.) Bulletin of tbo 
National Museum, No. 15. Washington. 

CONTENTS. 



Kumlien, L. : Ethnology, mammals, and birds. 
Bean,T.H. : Fishes. 

Verrill, A. E. : Aunelides, molluscoids, and radiates. 
Dall, W. H. : Mollusks. 

Insects : 
Edwards, W. H. : Diurnal lepidoptera. 

Scudder, S. H., and others: Hymenoptera, nocturnal lepidoptera, diptera, neuroptera, and arachuida. 
Gray, A. : Plants. 
Tuckerman, E.: Lichens. 
Farlow, W. G. : Alga?. 

1879. Smith, S. I. The Stalk-eyed Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast of North America north of Cape Cod. By S. I. 

Smith. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. v, part 1, pp. 27-136, pis. viii-xii. 
New Haven. 
1379. Tiieel,Hj. Les Annelides Polycbetes Des mers de la Nouvelle-Zemble, par Hj.The'el, avec quatre planches. 
Memoire present6 a lAcadci.lo Eoyale des Sciences de Stockholm, le 10 Avril, 1878. pp. 75. 4to. Kongl. 
Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, xvi, No. 3. Stockholm. 

1880. Harger, Oscar. Report on the Marine Isopoda of New England and the Adjacent Waters. By Oscar Harger. 

United Stales Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part vi. Report of the Commissioner for 1878. pp. 297- 
462, pis. i-xiii. Washington: Government Printing Office. 

1880. Wilson, Edmund B. Report on the Pycnogonida of New England and the adjacent waters. By Edmund B. 

Wilson. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part vi. Report of the Commissioner for 1S78. 
pp. 463-505, pis. i-vii. Washington: Government Priuting Office. 

1881. Miers, Edward J. On a small collection of Crustacea and Pycnogonida from Franz-Josef Land, collected by 

B. Leigb Smith, esq. By Edward J. Miers, F. L. S., F. Z. S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British 
Museum. Tho Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. Series 5, 
vii, No. 37, pp. 45-51. London. 
1832. Danielssen, D. C, and Koren, Johan. Holotkurioidea, ved D. C. Danielssen og Joban Koren. Med 13 plan- 
cher og 1 Kart. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876-1878. vi., Zoologi. pp. 94, small folio. Christiania. 

1882. Elliott, Henry W. 28. Notes on the Invertebrates. U. S. Commission of Fisb and Fisheries. Spencer F. 

Baird, Commissioner. 176. Special Bulletin. A monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska. By Henry W. 
Elliott. Reprinted, with additions, from the report on the Fishery Industries of the Tenth Census. Wash- 
ington: Government Printing Office, 1882. 
1882. Hansen, G. Armauer. Annelida ved G. Armauer Hansen. Med 7 Plancber og 1 Kart. pp. 54, small folio. 
Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876-1878. vii. Zoologi. Christiania. 

1882. STUxr.EriG, Anton. Evertebratfaunan i Siberiens Ishaf. Forolopande meddelanden af AntonStuxberg. (Har- 

till en Tafia,) Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser bearbetade af deltagare i resan ocb andra 
forskare, utgifna af A. E. Nordenskiold. i, pp. 677-812, pi. 1. Stockholm. 

1883. Packard, A. S. ; jr. A Monograph of the Phyllopod Crustacea of North America, with remarks on the order 

Phyllocarida. By A. S. Packard, jr. Plates i-xxxix. Twelfth Annual Report of tbo United States Geologi- 
cal and Geographical Survey of the Territories : a report of progress of the exploration in Wyoming and Idaho 
for tho year 1878. In two parts. Part I. By F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist. Conducted under the 
authority of the Secretary of the Interior, pp. 295-592. Washington: Government Printing Office. 



176 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 

1883. Smith, Sidney I. , List of the Crustacea dredged on the coast of Labrador by the expedition under tbo direction 
of W. A. Stearns in 1882. By Sidney I. Smith. Department of the Interior. U. S. National Museum. Pro* 
ceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. vi, 1883, pp. 218-222. Published under the direction of 
the Smithsonian Institution. Washington : Government Printing Office. 

1883. Smith, Sidney I. Review of the Marine Crustacea of Labrador. By Sidney I. Smith. Department of the- 

Interior. U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. vi, 1883, pp. 223- 
232. Published under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. Wasbington : Government Printing 
Office. 
. 1883, Wiren, A. Chastopoder fran Sibiriska Ishavct och Bevings Haf. Insamlada under Vega-Expeditionen, 1878- 
1879. Bestamda af A. WirCn. Vega-Expeditioneus Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, Bearbetade af Deltagare i 
resan och andra Forskare utgifna af A. E. Nordeuskiold. ii, pp. 381-428, pis. 27-32. Stockholm. 

1884. Mtjrdock, John. Description of seven new species of Crustacea and one Worm from Arctic Alaska. By John 

Murdoch. (Published by permission of the Chief Signal Officer, U. S. Army.) Department of the Interior. 
U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. vii, 1884, pp. 518-522 
Published under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington : Government Printing Offlto. 



MARINE INVERTEBRATES. 

PLATE I. 

CRUSTACEA. 

1. Eupagurus trigonoclieirus Stiinpson. {-. 
la. Same. Right hand. f. 

IB. Same. Left hand, f . 

2. Pandalus dapifer, n. s. 9 • f- 

2a. Same. Third pleonal segment of $ . \. 

2b. Same. Telson and uropods. f . 

2c. Same. First and second thoracic legs. £. 

3. My sis rayii, n. s. f . 

4. Acanthozone poly acantha, n. s. f. 

(Drawn from nature by J. Henry Blake.) 



Marino Invertebrates. 



PLATE I. 





16. 









PLATE II. 

CRUSTACEA. 



1. Melita formosa, n. s. T . 

la. Same. Pleon from above, f. 

16. Same. Hand of second gnathopod. f . 

2. Melita Jeonis, n. s. f . 

2«. Same. Pleon from above, f. 

26. Same. Hand of second gnathopod. f . 

3. Dulichia arciica,u.s. f. 

4. Polyarlemia hazeni, n. 8. f. 2 • 

4a. Same. Abdomen and ovisac of $ from below. 1 j a . 
46. Same. Head and "claspers" of J 1 . r . 



(Drawn from nature by J. Henry Blake.) 



Marine Invertebrates. 



PLATE II. 








4b. 






VI.-REPORT ON THE MOLLTJSKS. 



By W. H. Dall. 



Opportunities for collecting mollusks are not very good at this northernmost point of the 
United States. The shores are covered with snow during a large part of the year, and the waters 
with ice. The latter is frequently grounded and driven upon the beach or over the shoal water 
adjacent to the beach, so that mollusks must find it a rather disagree'able station to inhabit, pro- 
vided they can secure themselves against freezing or crushing. There are no fresh-water shells, 
though it is probable that a few species occur at a not very great distance inland. The shore is 
composed of sand and gravel, which is constantly undergoing minor changes. There are few sea- 
weeds, and the phytophagous littoral mollusks, so abundant at most stations more favorably situ- 
ated, are altogether absent. There are some places along this stretch of coast where strong currents 
meet and ice seldom grounds ; where eddies permit the deposition of a moderate amount of mud 
and occasional small seaweeds manage to exist, anchored on little pebbles or riding on the backs 
of crabs. In such places mollusks abound, individuals,- if not species, being numerous. One such 
locality is well known as a good dredging ground, namely the vicinity of the Seahorse Islands or 
Cape Franklin, from a couple of hauls near which the best part of the present collection was obtained. 
A few additions were made to the list in Norton Sound, Unalashka Harbor, &c, but the opportuni- 
ties for dredging or surface-collecting were not abundant. Considering the disadvantageous cir- 
cumstances, the naturalists of the party must be commended for their energy and success. 



SPECIES COLLECTED. 

CEPHALOPODA. 

Octopus grcenlaudicus (Dew.) Morch. 

A fine specimen on the beach near the station. This has been examined by Professor Verrill, 
who agrees with the writer as to its distinctness from the 0. punctatus Gabb, so common further 
south. Museum number, 40953. 

PTEEOPODA. 

Limacina Pacifica Dall. 

On the surface of the water off the station in July, 1882. Collectors' number, 650 ; museum 
number, 40954. This pretty species, which is very much larger than the Atlantic form, was origi- 
nally described from the North Pacific. 

GASTEOPODA. 

PULMONATA. 
Cochlicopa lubrica Miiller. 

CioneUa subcylindrica Lelmert, Science Record, vol. ii, No. 8, p. 172, Boston, June 16, 1884. 

Two specimens in moss from the tundra near Uglaami. 

Zonites (Conulus) Stearnsii Bland. 

Hyalina arctica Lelmert, 1. e.,p. 172. 

Ten or twelve specimens from the tundra moss. This has been erroneously referred to the 
genus or section Microphysa. 

177 

H. Ex. 44 23 



178 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Zonites (Hyalina) radiatula Alder. 

Htjalina jK-llucida Lclmert, 1. c. 

Three or four specimens with the preceding. 

The above were obtained from moss used in packing and rejected as rubbish, which was exam- 
ined by the Per. E. Lehnert, of Washington, who published in Science Eecord an interesting list 
of plants obtained from it, together with a spider, a minute beetle, and the above-mentioned shells. 
By the kindness of Mr. Lehnert they have been carefully compared with authoritative specimens, 
and he joins in the identification above made. 

Bela (exarata Moller?). 

This specimen is too dead and worn to be determined with certainty. It was obtained by 
dredging 10 miles west from Point Franklin August 31, 1883, in 13J fathoms. Museum number, 
40955. 

Bela (scalaris Moller?). 

This specimen was in much the same state as the preceding. It was dredged in Norton Sound 
in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 40956. 

Bela simplex Middendorff. 

B. arciica A. Adams. 
B. gigas Verkrnzcn. 

One dead but perfect specimen from 5 fathoms mud and sand at Cape Smythe. This species 
has been confounded with B. Icevigata Dall, which is about one-eighth as large when adult, and 
altogether different in color and form. B. Icevigata has hitherto only been found in Norton Sound, 
Avhere it is abundant. B. simplex has not yet been found in Norton Sound, but has a wide distribu- 
tion in the boreal and Arctic region, reaching as far south as Chirikoff Island in the North Pacific. 
It has been obtained on the northern shores of Norway, and is not rare in Bering Sea. The present 
specimen is uni-colored, but it is usually prettily contrasted with white on the spire and plum-color 
anteriorly. Museum number, 40957. 

Bela tenuilirata Dall. 

Bela var. tenuilirata, Dall, Am. Journ. Conch., vii, p. 98, November, 1871. 

?B. simjilex, G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Nov., 1. 17, f. 4, 1878, not of Midden dorff. 

This species, distinguished from the preceding by its spiral stride and thinner shell, was origi- 
nally described from a young specimen obtained in Norton Sound. Since then the writer has 
obtained it of much larger size from the Arctic, reaching nearly an inch in length. It was collected 
by Murdoch on the beach near the station, and also at Cape Smythe in 5 fathoms. Museum 
number, 40958. 

Bela harpa Dall. 

Bela harpa Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, p. 523. 

Shell fusiform, moderately thin, six-whorled ; whorls rounded, suture distinct ; sculpture con- 
sisting of (on the last whorl) 23 stout, uniform, slightly flexuous, rounded ribs, extending from the 
suture to the canal, with slightly narrower interspaces ; lines of increase distinct, sometimes thread- 
like; these are crossed by numerous close-set spiral threads separated by narrower grooves, both 
faint near the suture ; threads growing gradually stronger, regularly wider, and coarser toward the 
canal, near which they are stronger than the obsolete endsof the transverse ribs; anal fasciole indis- 
tinct, aperture narrow, elongated, with an acute posterior angle : outer lip thin, columella simple, 
canal rather wide ; color of shell whitish, with a reddish tinge anteriorly, especially on the last whorl ; 
interior of aperture reddish, of the canal pure white. Longitude of shell 17, of last whorl 12.5, of 
aperture, 10; latitude of shell S, of aperture 3.5 mm . First found by the writer at Nunivak Islaud 
in 1S74. One specimen, dredged by the Point Barrow Expedition in KU fathoms, 10 miles west 
of Point Franklin, Arctic Ocean. Museum number, 40959. 

This species has been compared with the Belas in the chief museum and private collections of 
Northern Europe, and seems amply distinct from any of the species contained in them. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



179 




Bela nuirdochiana Dall. 

.Bela murdochiana Dall, 1. c, p., 524, plate 2, fig. 8. 

Shell whitish, stout, short, with rather coarse sculpture and very short spire ; whorls 
about five, last much the largest ; inflated, suture deep, almost channeled ; sculpture of 
numerous (on the last whorl about two to the millimeter) narrow, backwardly convex, 
flexuous riblets, with about equal interspaces, strongest near the suture, not crossing 
the fasciole, and obsolete near the periphery; lines of growth distinct, crossed by numer- 
ous (about six to the millimeter) rather coarse threads, of which each alternate one tends 
to be smaller, separated by narrow grooves, and about uniformly distributed over the 
Surface, with a tendency to a faint carina in front of the fasciole; fasciole indistinct, outer lip 
sharp, columella simple, white; aperture pinkish, canal short, wide; nuclear whorls eroded in the 
specimens; operculum light horn color, rather broad and short; soft parts pink. Longitude of 
shell 11.5, of last whor. 10; maximum latitude of shell S.5 mm . Museum number, 40960. 

Specimens from Cape Smythe in 2 to 5 fathoms mud and sand, with young B. tenuilirata, from 
which they differ in lighter color of shell, coarser sculpture, and stouter proportions. The opercu- 
lum of B. tenuilirata is almost black, narrow, and claw-shaped. It is dedicated to Mr. Murdoch, 
naturalist of the Point Barrow part}". 



Admete MiddendorfSana Dall. 

Admcte viridula Midd. Mai. Koss., ii, pi. ix, figs. 13-14, 1849 ; not of Fabricius. 

This form is perfectly distinct from A. viridula, and may prove to be a Cancellaria. 



It is one 



of the characteristic forms of the Pacific Arctic, and ranges north from Nunivak Island. The 
present specimen was obtained in Norton Sound in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 4.0961. 

Buccinum tenue Gray. 

Beach near the station ; also at the dredging spot 10 miles west of Point Franklin in 13£ 
fathoms. Museum number, 40962. 

The specimens from the last station included some in which the characteristic broken ribbing 
was only represented by a few puckerings near the suture, the remainder of the shell being inflated 
and smooth, except for the fine spiral striatum. At first sight these were very puzzling, and might 
readily have been taken as new without careful study. 

Buccinum Baeri Middendorff. 

One specimen from 10 miles off Point Franklin in 13i fathoms, dead, and inhabited by a 
Pagnrus, This is a very constant form, but probably only an extreme form of B. cyanetnn. Museum 
number, 40963. 

Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius. 

One dead and two living specimens from 10 miles west from Point Franklin in 13i fathoms. 
Museum number, 40964. This is always a very recognizable species, but rare in individuals. It 
extends in Bering Sea, south to Nunivak Island. 



Buccinum glaciale Linn^. Plate — , figs. 7-8. 

Beach near station ; also with Pagvri in various dredgings. Museum number, 40965. Com- 
mon to the whole of the Arctic basin north of St. Laurence Island, as well as on the Atlantic 
side. Further south it assumes other forms, some of which, without the connecting links, appear 
very distinct, and have been described as species by Morch and others. The strictly Arctic varie- 
ties are B. carinatim Phipps, and a form which in its coarser features so closely simulates B. angu- 
losum var. angulosum Gray that it has been taken for it, and the consolidation with B. glaciale of 
B. angulosum suggested in consequence. The fine sculpture in perfect specimens will always serve 
to distinguish them. Normal specimens would never be confounded with each other. 

Buccinum angulosum Gray. Plate — , figs. 1-4. 

A. Var. angulosum Gray, Beecliey's Voyage. Zool. , p. 127, t. 36, f. C, 1828. 

B. Var. riormalls Dall. 

C. Var. siihcostata Dall. 

The normal form was obtained by the expedition on the beaches near the station and at Cape 
Smythe ; thence to 5 fathoms. Museum numbers, 40966-7. The writer has also obtained it at 



180 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 

numerous poiuts in this part of the Arctic basin. The angulated form is less common, and every 
grade exists between them. The fine sculpture, and especially the sharp transverse strife, always 
distinguish it from other species, especially the angulated varieties of glaciate. 

Buccinum plectrum Stimpson. Plate III, fige. 9, 10. 

Beaches near the station . Museum number, 40968. The variety collected by the expedition 
is a rather dwarfed form, with intensified sculpture. The metropolis of the species is further south, 
and I have seen fine specimens from the Shumagins. This is an excellent species and easily dis- 
tinguished when in good order. It has been mistaken for a variety of B. undatum, which is not 
found in any shape on the Pacific side. A few fraudulent specimens were sent out as from this 
region by a recently deceased conchologist, but they bore all the marks of having pome from London 
dealers. It is possible that the whalers, who carry and mix shells from all parts of the world, may 
have been the unintentional means of having distributed a few specimens with erroneous locality 
labels. 

Buccimun polare Gray. Plate III, figs. 5, 6. 

Beaches near station ; also dredged in 13 J fathoms off Point Franklin. Museum numbers, 
40969-70. 

This species, which is also well characterized, varies from inflated, large, with fine, sharp 
carinas to small, elongated, with obsolete carinas, and is sometimes rather puzzling; but a good 
series makes the relations clear. It is frequently of a bright, clear orange color, and is generally 
quite thin. I have seen two specimens of a singularly thick and short variety percrassum from the 
Arctic north of Bering Strait. It must be exceedingly rare; the upper whorls are smaller, less 
inflated and less turreted than in the normal form. The operculum is also proportionally larger 
and more oval. It may prove distinct from polare. 

Chrysodomus Kroyeri Moller. 

C. Kroyeri, var. Bay ana Dall, 1. c, p. 525. 

One small one in the state called cretaceum by Eeeve, at Cape Sinythe, on the beach; a very 
large living specimen of the normal form, in 5 fathoms, from the same locality, some with few ribs 
from 2 ; } fathoms at the same place. Museum numbers, 40971-2. This shell, when fresh and 
perfect, is of a plum color or dull purple, with fine, spiral stripe, recalling B. tenue, and strong trans- 
verse ribs. When dead and weathered, it turns nearly white — this is Beeve's form ; an extraor- 
dinary variety Ray ana has no ribs but is perfectly smooth, except for the fine sculpture which 
enables its true relations to be determined. This last, named in honor of Lieut. P. H. Bay, United 
States Army, who commanded the Point Barrow expedition, would be taken as distinct at first 
sight. The specimens were all rather young, which made their recognition still more difficult. It 
was also dredged at Cape Smythe. 

Chrysodomus liratus Martyn. 
C. tornatus Gould. 

One specimen from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40973. The metropolis of 
this species is much further south. 

Chrysodomus fornicatus (Gmel.) Gray. 

Bare on the beach near the station; abundant near the Mackenzie Eiver mouth, and at Nunivak 

Island, with innumerable varieties. Museum number, 40974. 

Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Eeeve. 
C. Icrcbralis Gould. 
One young living specimen, Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40975. 

Chrysodomus martensi Krause. 

One specimen on beach near station. Museum number, 40976. This species was obtained by 
the writer in Bering Strait in 1880, in 30 fathoms; subsequently by Dr. A. Krause in the same 
region, in whose report it is about to be described. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 181 

Heliotropis harpa (Mcircli) Dall. 

Fusus di'formo Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 140, 1849, not of Keevo. 

One young, living specimen in 13J fathoms, 10 miles west of Point Franklin. Museum number 
40977. This species is distinguished from F. deformc by its coarser spiral striae and brighter colors. 
It extends south to the Aleutians, where it reaches a very large size. The undefined name Pyru- 
lofusus was applied to the Atlantic species by Morch. 

Strombella Beringii (Midd.) Dall. 

Tritonium Beringii Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 147, pi. 3, figs. 5-6, 1849. 

A dead specimen on the beach near the station. Museum number, 40978. 

The genus Strombella Gray is slightly anterior to Volutopsis of Morch, and has the advantage 
of a diagnosis. The SlromlicUa of Schleuter, which has been unnecessarily assumed to exclude 
Gray's name, has no standing whatever, beiug a mere word in a catalogue without diagnosis or 
identified type or description of any kind. 

This species has fewer transverse ribs than Chrysodoimts Kennicottii Dall, with which it has 
been confounded, and wants the fine characteristic sculpture of the latter. From the following 
species it differs in its light color; rude, short spire, absence of carina 3 , more rapidly increasing 
whorls, rounded concavities between more numerous ribs, and few coarse spine or threads. 

Strombella malleata Dall. 

Stronibella malleata Dall, 1. c, p. 525. 

One specimen from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40979. The writer has col- 
lected this species at Icy Cape, Cape Lisburne, Point Lay, Kotzebue Sound, Point Spencer, at 
Port Clarence, and other localities within the Arctic basin. 

It is long and slender, the young shell forming several whorls in an almost cylindrical coil 
before they begin, to enlarge; the adult may reach six inches in length. The surface is covered 
with fine spiral stria? and a thin brown epidermis. It differs from the preceding in its dark purple 
color, its few (generally five) transverse ribs, between which the space is nearly flat rather than 
concave, and a sharp carina on the anterior periphery of the last whorl on which the suture is laid. 
The nucleus is large and blunt, the canal short, the form of the mouth variable in different stages 
and specimens; the outer lip thin, the aperture dark purple within the last whorl, less than half 
the length of the shell in nearly all cases. It is usually rude and more or less worn, even when 
living; the cylindrical tip is usually broken off, but the polygonal section of the whorl is very char- 
acteristic. 

Trophon clathratus L. 

A dead specimen at Cape Smythe, and another, rather stouter, at 10 miles west from Point 
Franklin, in 13i fathoms, mud and sand. Museum number, 40980. This species is very variable 
in relative proportions and closeness of varices. 

Turritella (Tackyrhynchus) polaris Beck. 
T. erosa Coutkouy. 

One specimen, ten miles west of Point Franklin, in 13* fathoms mud. Museum number, 40981. 

Trichotropis borealis Broderip & Sowerby. 

One specimen in 5 fathoms; Norton Sound ; dead. Museum number, 40982. 

Trichotropis (Ipkinoe) arctica (Midd.) Dall. 

Cancellaria arctica Midd. Mai. Ross, ii, p. 112, pi. ix, figs. 11, 12, 15, 1849. 
Beach near station, also Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40933. It was origi- 
nally brought by Wossnessenski from Bering Strait. 

Crepidula grandis Middendorff. 

One young specimen from 13J fathoms, 10 miles west from Point Franklin. Museum num- 
ber, 40984. 



182 • EXPEDITION TO POINT BA1MIOW, ALASKA. 

Natica clausa Brodcrip «fc Sowerhy. 

Common on the beach near the station: also at Cape Smythe, 2£ to 5 fathoms; also off Point 
Franklin in 13| fathoms. Museum numbers, 409So-(». The specimens have the fine brown color 
which seems characteristic of those from more northern stations; a few show the white basal area 
characteristic of A. rusm, but do not otherwise approach that species; all are of moderate size and 
rather thin. 

The identification of Gnielin's affinis with this species does not seem sufficiently certain to 
render its adoption in place of clausa desirable. 

Lunatia pallida Broderip & Sovreruy. 

Abundant in the same localities as the preceding. Museum numbers, 409S7-S. 

Lunatia (Bulbus) flavus Gould. 

Xatic« flava Gould, Sill. Jo urn., xxxviii, p. 196. 
Rep. Inv. Mass., p. 239, fig. 162, 1842. 

A few fine dark brown specimens from the beach near the statiou. Museum number, 40989. 
This elegant species is quite distinct from the Natica {Bulbus) Smithii of the north of Europe. 

Lunatia (Mamma) nana Moller. 

One specimen from Norton Sound in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 40990. 

Amauropsis purpurea Dull. 

A. helkoides Middeudorff, not Johnstone. 

With A. clausa, but less common. Museum number, 40991. 

Velutina coriacea (Pall.) Middeudorff. 

One specimen on beach near the station. Museum number, 40992. 

Scala groenlandica Chemnitz. 

One specimen with the preceding. Museum number, 40993. 

Margarita striata Brod. & Sow. 

One or two specimens from the beach near the station. Museum number, 40994. 

Margarita vorticifera Dall. 

One specimen with the preceding. Museum number, 40995. 

This is much further north than the species was previously known to range. 

Margarita obscura Coutliouy. 

Several specimens from 5 fathoms mud in Norton Sound. Museum number, 4099G. 

Patella (Helcioniscus) exarata Ueeve. 

A single specimen of this well-known Hawaiian species was collected dead on the beach. It 
was undoubtedly thrown overboard with ballast from some whaler which had refitted at Honolulu, 
and is interesting as showing an accident of distribution, like Mr. Lord's living Orthalicas undatm 
from Vancouver Island. Museum number, 40997. 

Amicula vestita (Sby.) Dall. 

Chiton JEmersonii Coutliouy. 
Abundant 10 miles west of Point Franklin in 13J- fathoms. Museum number, 40998. 

Cylichna alba Brown. 

A few specimens from 5 fathoms mud and sand off Cape Smythe. Museum number, 40999. 

Cylichna propinqua M. Sars. 

Pather abundant in 2 A to 5 fathoms off Cape Smythe. Museum numbers, 41000-41001. 
?Dendronotus Dalli Bergh. 

One specimen of a species of Denclronotits was taken in the act of spawning, off Cape Smythe, 
in 5 fathoms, August 14. As the above species is the only one described from north of Bering 
Strait it is probable that it should be so identified. Museum number, 41002. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B'AKBDW, ALASKA. 183 

Aeolidia papillosa (Linnd) Borgli. 

With the last, and also crawling on the stones, at low-water near the station. Museum num- 
ber, 4100;;. 

Note. — This completes the list of gastropods, but it may be mentioned that a specimen of 
Priene oregonense Kedf. was brought by the expedition from Unalashka, but, belonging to a differ- 
ent fauna, it has not been formally included in the list. 

ACEPHALA. 
Mya truncata Linne". 

Living on the beach near the station of Uglaiimi. Museum number, 41004. 

Macoma sabulosa Spengler. 

Beach near the station and at Cape Smythe in 2£ to 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41005. 

Liocyma fluctuosa (Gld.) Dall. 

Cape Smythe, 2£ to 5 fathoms ; also 10 miles west of Point Franklin, in 13 l fathoms mud and 
sand. Museum number, 4100G. 

Cardium (Serripes) grcenlandicum Chemnitz. 

Living near low-water mark to 2J- fathoms at the station; also Norton Sound at 5 fathoms, and at 
Cape Smythe in lU- to 5 fathoms. Collector's numbers, 195 and 17G1. Museum numbers, 41007-S. 

Cardium islandicum Gmcliu. 

Norton Sound, in 5 fathoms mud. Museum number, 41009. 

Cryptodon sericatus Carpenter. 

At Cape Smythe in 5 fathoms ; also off Point Franklin in 13£ fathoms, mud and sand. Mu- 
seum number, 41010. 

Astarte (Rictocyma) Esquimau! (Baird) Dall. 
Crassatella Esquimalti Baird. 
Rictocyma mirabilis Dall (young). 

Two specimens, 10 miles off Toint Frankliu, in 13J fathoms. Museum number, 41011. 

Astarte fabula Reeve. 

Norton Sound in 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41012. 

Venericardia borealis Conrad. 

One specimen of the variety V. novanglke Morse was found on the beach near the station. 
Museum number, 41013. 

Yoldia limatula Say. 

One specimen from 15 fathoms, mud, off Point Barrow. Museum number, 41014. 

Yoldia myalis Coutliouy. 

Off Cape Smythe in 2£ to 5 fathoms. Museum number, 41015. 

Yoldia lanceolata Sowerby. 

With the last. Museum number, 41015«. 

Pecten islandicus Gmelin. 

Living, off Point Frankliu in 13J fathoms; dead, on the beach near the station. The color of 
these northern specimens is apt to be of a peculiarly deep rich tint of red in various shades. The 
living specimen carried on its upper valve a fine specimen of Chelysoma macleaycmum, an Actinia, 
numerous Sertularian hydroids, and several species of Polyzoa. Museum number, 41010. 

BKACHIOPODA. 

Hhynchonella (Hemithyris) psittacea (Cb.) D'Orbigny. 

Attached to dead shells from 13 J- fathoms off Point Franklin. Museum number, 4101 7. 



184 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



SUMMARY. 



Species. 



Cochlicopa lubrica 

Zonites stearnsu 

radiatula 

Octopus gronlandicus 

Limaeiua pacifica 

Bela .' exarata 

? scalaris 

simplex 

temiilirata 

liarpa 

murdoobiana 

Adniete middendoiftiaiia 

Buccimmi tenue 

var. baeri 

ciliatura 

glaeialo 

augulosuiu 

var. normalU 

plectrum 

polare 

Chrysodonms kroyeri 

var. rayana 

llratus 

fornicatus 

spitzbergeusis 

martens! 

Heliotropis liarpa 

Stronibella Bertngii , 

malleata 

Troplion clatbratus 

Turritella polaris 

Trichotropis borealis 

Jpbinoij arctica 

Crepidula grandis 

iSTaticaelausa 



Species. 



(*) 



(*) 



Lunatia pallida 

Bulbus tlavus 

Maumia nana 

Amauropsis purpurea 

Velutina coiiaeea 

Scala gronlandica 

Margarita striata 

vorticifera 

obscura 

Amiculii vestita 

Cyliclma alba 

propinqua 

Dendrouotus !dalli 

Aeolida papillosa 

Mya truncata 

Macoma sabulosa 

Liocyma lluctuosa 

Cardinal gronlandicuur... 

islandicum 

Cryptodon sericatus 

Astarte esquimalti 

fabula 

Veiiericardia borealis 

Yoldia limatnla 

myalis 

lanceolata 

Pecten islandicus 

Heniithyris psittacea 

Cbelysoma macleayanura. 
Appendicularia sp 



(*) 



(*) 



(*) 



Total mollusts, 61 44 21 

Total Brachiopods, 1 1 

Total Ascidians, 2 i 11' 



12 



It is apparent from this list* that four families greatly preponderate, namely the Plev.rotomid.ee, 
Buccinidee, 2faticid.ee, and Trochidcv, as represented by Margarita. While the party doubtless 
obtained a full representation of species resident at or near the station itself, it should be added 
that the mollusk fauna of the Arctic basin adjacent is considerably larger than the number of 
species included in the preceding list. There is practically but one fauna from Nunivak Island 
northward to the Polar region, though there are a number of species which do not occupy the 
whole area, especially littoral forms. 

The writer has been gathering material for twenty years toward a faunal description of this 
region and hopes before long to be able to prepare it for publication, a task which, from the press- 
ure of other duties, has hitherto been unavoidably deferred. 

Towards such a complete description such contributions as this, made by the party under the 
command of Lieut. P. H. Ray, are particularly valuable, and to Mr. Murdoch and his companions, 
who went into practical exile for two years for the benefit of science, the sincere recognition and 
hearty thanks of all naturalists are unquestionably due. 

* In the list, species obtained at Cape Sniythe, Point Barrow, and near the station Uglaami, all within a short 
distance of one another, are included nutter the heading "Point Barrow." 






REPORT ON POXJSTT BARROW MOLLUSCA. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 

Fig. 1. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma normalis. 
Fig. 2. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma subcostat'i. 
Fig. 3. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, forma angulata, ti/pica. 
Fig. 4. Buccinum angulosum, Gray, superficies, x 10 magnif. 
Fig. 5. Buccinum polare, Gray, forma normalis. 
Fig. 6. Buccinum polare, Gray, superficies, x 10 magnif. 
Fig. 7. Buccinum glaciale, Linue, forma normalis. 
Fig. 8. Buccinum glaciale, Linne, superficies, X 10 magnif. 
Fig. 9. Buccinum plectrum, Stm., forma iiercrassa, minor. 
Fig. 10. Buccinum plectrum, Stm., superficies, X 10 magnif. 
Note. — The figures of shells are all natural size. 






s 






4 



! 



3 




6 





VII-COLLECTING LOCALITIES AND DREDGING 

STATIONS. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



1. BEACH, CAPE SMYTHE. 

This locality comprises tlie steep pebbly beach and the inlets of the lagoons from abont a mile 
and a half above the station of Ooglaamie to about 3 miles below it. 

This stretch of shore was pretty thoroughly patrolled nearly every day during the season of 
open water. The daily tide is so small that few animals were washed up by its means, and the 
occasional periods of low water, caused by long-continued off-shore winds, exposed no shore-dwelling 
animals. The sea was never low enough to uncover the mud flats which are close to the shore. 
Most of the animals obtained on the beach were washed up whenever there happened to be a strong- 
breeze and heavy sea on-shore. 

Soon after we landed in 1831 there occurred several heavy gales from the west and northwest, 
and, as the ice-pack was a remarkable distance from the land, an exceedingly heavy sea rolled in 
upon the beach, bringing vast quantities of material. We were unfortunately so busy providing- 
ourselves with shelter against the rapidly approaching winter that we were unable to preserve any 
specimens, and so favorable an opportunity never recurred. 

Most of the material showed signs of having been transported a considerable distance. The 
lamellibranch shells especially were crushed and ground into small fragments. 

The following species were obtained at this locality : 



CRUSTACEA. 



1. Hyas laMfrons. 

2. Eupagurus trigonocheirm. 

3. CJierapMlus boreas. 

4. JSFectocrangen lar. 

5. Hippolyte gaimardii. 

6. *? Diastylis ratlikii var. 

7. Chiridotea entomon. 

8. Chiridotea sabinei. 



VERMES. 



17. Melcenis lov&ni var. gigantea. 

18. Arenicola glacialis. 



9. Myperia medusarum. 

10. Themisto Ubellula. 

11. Eurytenes gryllus. 

12. Onisimus littoralis. 

13. Eusirus cuspidatus. 

14. Melita formosa. 

15. Gammaracanthits loricatus. 

16. Peltogaster paguri. 



19. Echiurus vulgaris. 



ECHINODERMATA. 

20. ? Trochostoma boreale. 23. Crossaster papposus. 

21. StrongyloccntroUis drobachiensis. 24. Solaster endecea. 

22. Asterias acervata. 



ANTHOZOA. 



25. Alcyonium rubiforme. 

26. TJrticina crassicornis. 



27. ? ? 



H. Ex. 44 24 



185 



- 



186 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



ACALEPHyE. 



28. Beroe roseola. 

29. Aurelia lab lata f 

30. Cyanea postelsii f 



31. Ghrysaora melanaster. 

32. Staxtropliora mertensii. 



MOLLUSCA. 



33. Octopus gra-nlandicus. 

34. Bimacina pacifica. 

35. Bela tenuilirata. 
3t>. Buccinum tenue. 
37. Buccinum glaciale. 

3S. Buccinum angulosftm } var. nor- 
rnalis. 

39. Buccinum plectrum . 

40. Buccinum polarc. 

41. Chrysodomus Jcroyeri. 

42. Chrysodomus liratus. 

43. 67/ rysodo m us forn icatus. 

44. Chrysodomus martensi. 

45. Strombella beringii. 

46. Strombella malleata. 

47. Trophon clathratus. 



48. Trichotropis (Ipkinoe) arctica, 

49. Watica clausa. 

50. Lunatia pallida. 

51. Bunatia (Bulbus) Jlavus. 

52. Amauropsis purpurea. 

53. Yelutina coriacea. 

54. >S'crt?<( grcenlandica. 
oo. Margarita striata. 
5G. Margarita vorticifera. 

57. Patella (Hclcioniscus) c.rarata. 

55. u'Eolidia papillosa. 
59. ilfjfa truncata. 

GO. Macoma sabulosa. 

Gl. Cardium (Serripes) groenlandieum. 

62. Ycnericardia borealis. 

G3. Becten islandicus. 



XTJNICATA. 



64. Boltenia sp. 



66. Crcmellaria loricata. 

67. Membranipora sp. 



POLYZOA. 



65. Halocynthia pyriformis. 



6S. Biscopora sp. 



PORIFEEA. 



69. One or two species of sponges, undetermined. 

2. SHOAL WATER ALONG- SHORE, PERGNIAK, ELSON BAY. 

The large fish-seine was hauled three times from the shore, in the southwest bend of Elson 
Bay, close to the Eskimo summer camp of Pergniak, August 11, 1SS3. A few small whitelish and 
sculpins were caught, and the lead-line of the seine brought up a quantity of seaweed containing 
many amphipods of the following two species : 

Gammarus locusta. 

< kunmaracantli us lor icatus. 

3. OPE CAPE SMYTHE. 



Opportunities for dredging near the station were seldom offered on account of ice and bad 
weather. Most of the work was confined to a small area extending about a mile above and below 
the station, and from a depth of about 2S- fathoms, close to the shore, to 12 fathoms about a mile 
from the land. The bottom for the most part was an exceedingly tenacious and fetid black mud 
containing very little life except Worms and the large Isopods Chiridotca entomon and sabinci. 
Interspersed with this, however, were occasional patches of sand and mud mixed, which contained 
more life. Daring the season of open water these patches were generally pretty well indicated by 
the flocks of ducks swimming over them, attracted by the comparatively rich food. 

Dredgings were obtained August 14, 1SS2, and August 7 and 9, 1S83. On August 8, 1883, an 
opportunity occurred to dredge in 15 fathoms, about three miles above the station and about two 
miles from shore, just outside the barrier of grounded ice. Two hauls of the dredge were obtained 



EXPEDITION TO POINT EAEROW, ALASKA. 



187 



with great difficulty as the curreut was too feeble to make our wlialeboat drag the dredge. One 
haul was made by making the boat fast to a large cake of floating ice. The bottom was the same 
black mud and contained animals similar to those obtained at the inshore stations. 
The following species were obtained in this locality: 



PYCNOGONIDA. 



1. Nymphon longitarse. 



2. Eupagurus splendescens. 

3. Mysis rayii. 

4. Diastylis sp. 

5. Chiridotca sabinci. 



CRUSTACEA. 



G. Eurytenes gryllus: 

7. Acanthostepheia malmgreni. 

8. Gammarus locusta. 

9. DulicJiia arctha. 



VERMES. 



10. Polynoe sarsi. 

11. Mehcnis loveni. 

12. Neplilhys coeca. 

13. Eteone sp. 

14. Phyllodoce grcenkmdica. 

15. Phyllodoce sp. 

10. Castalia multvpapillaia (surface). 
17. Autolytus sp. (surface). 



18. ? Aricia arctica. 

19. Tracisiaforbesi. 

20. Arenieola glaeialis., 
Brada granulata. 
"I Maldanc sp. 
Pectinaria sp. (tubes). 
Phascolosoma sp. 
Sagitta sp. (surface). 



21 
22 
23. 
24. 

9K 



ECHEXODERMATA. 

2G. Myrioiroehus rinlcii. 27. Ophioglypha nodosa. 

ANTIIOZOA. 

28. Urticina crassicomis. 29. Pkcllia sp. 



30. Beroe roseola. 

31. Mertensia ovum. 

32. Pleurobrachia rliododactyla. 

33. Aurelia labiata. ? 

34. Cyanea postelsii. % 

35. Chrysaora melanaster. 
3G. JEgina citrea. 



ACALEPH/E (SURFACE). 

37. Aglantha camtschatica. 

38. Gemmaria. f 

39. Tubularia sp. (dredged). 

40. Mel i cerium sp. 

41. Sarsia rosaria. 

42. Staurophora mertensii. 

43. Medusa resembling Turris. 



44. 
45. 
40. 
47. 
48. 

49. 
50. 
51. 
52, 
53. 



MOLLUHCA. 

jBeZrt simplex. 54. 

i>e?« tenuilirata. 55. 

i?e/rt murdocMana. 5G. 

Buccinum glaclale. 57. 

Buccinum angulosum var. »or- 58. 

mails. 59. 

Chrysodomus Icroyeri. 00. 

C 7/ rysodomus Icroyeri var. ray ana. Gl. 

JSTatica clausa. G2. 

Lunatia pallida. 03, 

Amauropsis purpurea. 04. 



Cyliclina alba. 

Cyliclma propimpia. 

Pendronotus ? Palli. 

JEolidia papulosa. 

Macoma sdbulosa. 

Liocyma fluctuosa. 

Cardium (Serripes) grcenlandicum. 

Cryptodo n sericatus. 

Yoldia limaiula. 

Yoldia myalls. 

Yoldia lanecolata 



TUNICATA, 



G5. Molgula sp 




188 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



4. OFF POINT FEANKLIN. 

One haul of tlie dredge was made August 31, 1883, as the schooner drifted with the current 
about 10 miles west of Point Franklin, in 13£ fathoms of water. 

The bottom consisted of small pebbles, sand, and dead shells, and the dredge came up filled 
with animals of the following species: 



1. Nymphon grossipes. 

2. Chioncecetes opilio. 

3. Hyas latifrons. 

4. Eupagurus trigonocheirus. 

5. Eupagurus splendescens. 

6. Cheraphilus boreas. 

7. Hippolyte fabricii. 

8. Hippolyte spinus. 

9. Hippolyte gaimardii. 

10. Hippolyte phippsii. 

11. Pandalus dapifer. 



22. Polynoc scabra. 



PYCNOGONJDA. 




CRUSTACEA. 




12. 


% Diastylis ratlikii var. 


13. 


Diastylis sp. 


14. 


Synidotea Mcuspida. 


15. 


Arcturus hystrix. 


10. 


Eurytenes gryllus. 


17. 


Stegocepha his amp ulla. 


18. 


Bhacliotrqpis acnleata. 


19. 


ParampMtlioepanopla. 


20. 


Acantliozone polyacantha, 


21. 


Atylus swammerdamii. 



VERMES. 



23. Polynoe islandica. 



24. Pentacta frondosa. 

25. Loplwtliuria fabricii. 

26. Strongyloccntrotus drdbachiensis 

27. Leptasterias arctica. 

28. Cribrella sanguinolenta. 

29. Crossaster papposus. 



ECHINODERMATA. 

30. tiolaster endeca. 

31. Opliioglyplia sarsii. 

32. Opliioglyplia robusta. 

33. Opliioglyplia nodosa. 

34. Opliioplwlis aculeata. 



ANTHOZOA. 



35. Alcyonium rubiforme. 



37. Bertularella tricuspidata. 



36. TJrticina crassicomis. 



ACALEPILaS. 







MOLLUSCA. 


3&. 


Bela % exarata. 


48, 


40. 


Bela harpa. 


49. 


41. 


Buccinum tenue. 


50. 


42. 


Buccinum baeri. 


51. 


43. 


Buccinum cilialum. 


52. 


44. 


Buccinum glaciale. 


53. 


45. 


Buccinum polare. 


54. 


46. 


He I io t rop is ha rpa. 


55. 


47. 


Trophon clathratus. 


56. 



38. Tlmiaria cylindrica. 



Turritella polaris. 
Crcpidula grand is. 
Xatica clausa. 
Lunatia pallida. 
Amauropsis p u rp urea. 
Amicula restita. 

54. Cryptodon sericatus. 

55. Astatic esquimalti. 
Pecten islandicus. 



TUNICATA. 



57. Ohclysoma macleayanum. 



P.RACHIOPODA. 



58. Hcmitltyris psittacea. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. I8 C J 

POLYZOA.. 

59. Leiescliara subgracilis. 60. Flustra papyrea. 

TORIFERA. 

Two or three species of sponges, undetermined.. 

5. OFF PORT CLARENCE. 

Three hauls of the dredge were made while drifting off the entrance to Port Clarence. Sep- 
tember 4, 1883, in a depth of about 7£ fathoms. The bottom was pebbly and life scanty. 
The following species were obtained : 

CRUSTACEA. 

1. Cheraphilus borcas. 

ECHINODERMATA. 

2. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis. 3. Asterias sp. 

ANTHOZOA. 

4. Alcyonium rubiforme. 

G. HEAD OF NORTON SOUND. 

The dredge was hauled from the vessel near the head of Norton Sound, not far from St. 
Michael's, September 12, 1883, in about 5 fathoms. 

The bottom was pebbly and life rather scanty, comprising the following species: 

PYCNOGONIDA. 

1. Nymphon grossipes. 

CRUSTACEA. 

2. Eupagurus trigonoclieirus. 5. Synidotea bienspida. 

3. Eupagurus splendescens. 6. Melita leonis. 

4. Crangon vulgaris. 

VERMES. 

7. Neplitliys caeca. 

ECHINODERMATA. 

8. Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis. 10. ? Asterias violacea. 

9. Asterias acervata. 



11. Alcyonium rubiforme. 



1.2. Sertularia variabilis. 



ANTHOZOA. 



ACALEPHJE. 



MOLLUSCA. 



13. BeJa % scalaris. 19. Mamma nana. 

14. Admete middendorffiana. 20. Margarita obscura. 

15. Buccinum glacialc. 21. Cardium grcsnlandicmn. 

16. Chrysodomus spitzbergensis. 22. Cardium islandicum. 

17. Trichotropis borealis. 23. Astarte fabxila. 

18. Iphinoe arctica. 



190 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

It will be seen from the above lists that the region immediately about Point Barrow ( Stations 
1, 2, and 3) though comparatively poor in individuals, is quite rich in number of species, at least 
115 having been collected. Of these the most abundant are Mollusks (11 species exclusive of land 
shells), Crustacea (22 species, not counting fresh-water forms), and Worms (19 species). 

At Point Franklin (Station 4), on the other hand, although fewer species were obtained (62 in 
all) the number of individuals was simply enormous. The Mollusks were most numerous in species 
(21 species) but comparatively few in individuals. Crustacea were plentiful, both species and indi- 
viduals. The Echinoderms were most abundant in individuals, though only 11 species were 
obtained. Great quantities of the two species of Polyozoa also were collected. 

At Stations 5 and G animal life was poor both in species and individuals, though 12 species of 
Mollusks were obtained at Station 0. 



VIII. -PLANTS. 



By Prof. Asa Gray, Cambridge, Mass. 



This collection probably comprises most of the Phanerogamous plants growing at that Arctic 
station ; some of them not before received by us from that region, rich as our herbarium is in 
Arctic American plants. 

One of these is Ranunculus Pallasii, a most peculiar white -flowered species, which we now for 
the first time possess in copious specimens. With it comes a very depauperate B. multifidus, B. 
Pygmceus and B. nivalis, and a radicant form of Caltha palnstris, with leaves hardly a half inch long 
at flowering-time. 

Pa/paver nudicaulc appears to be the most abundant, and perhaps the most showy, plant of 
that Arctic flora. 

Parry a nudicaulis is not in the collection, but Miss Heppingstone found it on Cape Lisburne. 
The other Crueiferae are Cochlear ia officinalis, or some other of the ill-defined species, Draba alpina, 
and some related white-flowered species which are not determined for want of fruit. 

Stellaria longipes, var. Edicardsii, 8. humifusa, and a condensed form of Cerastium alpinnm are 
the only Caryophyllacea, and Astragalus alpinus and A.frigidus are the only Leguminoscv. 

The Bosacece are Dryas octopetala, var. integri/olia, and Potentilla emarginata Pursh., the latter 
in numerous and fine specimens. A very dwarf form of this species from Wrangel Island was 
inadvertently named P.frigida in the list of Muir's collection. 

The Saxifrages are 8. oppositifolia, 8. Mrculus, 8. flagellars, 8. silcniflora, 8. Meraci folia, 8. 
punctata, in a most reduced form, with some stems only a span high, a compact inflorescence, and 
small leaves which are crenately 7-9-lobed rather than dentate, which is here called var. nana, also 
8. stellaris, var. convexa, 8. rivularis, var. hyperborea, and 8. cernua. 
' Valeriana capitata of Pallas was sparingly collected. 

The Composites are only three, Petasites frigida, Senecio frigidus, and Arctic forms of Taraxacum 
officinale, var. lividum. 

The Pricacecc are even fewer, being only Vaccinium vitis-ideca and Cassiope tetragona. 

The remaining Gamopetahc are only Mertensia maritima in a condensed form, Pedicularh 
Sudetica, and P. Langsdorffii. 

The Apetahc, Polygonum viviparum, Oxyria digyna, Bumex salicifolius, and the following wil- 
lows, which have been examined and named by Mr. Bebb. An abstract of his notes upon them is 
here given : 

Salix ovalifolia, Trautv., in both sexes, and with well-formed fruit. Clearly an Arctic modifi- 
cation of 8. myrtilloides, with subsessile capsules. 

Salix glacialis, Anderss., with female flowers, and young foliage, agreeing with the character in 
the want of a style. 

Salix buxifolia, Trev. (8. phlebophylla Anderss.), withnervose lineate leaves and a manifest style. 

Salix rotundifolia Trautv., which is probably only 8. polaris with glabrous capsules. 

Salix fulcrata Anderss., in both sexes. Distinguished from 8. chlorophylla mainly by its 
stipules, which in these specimens answer to Siemann's plant, but not to Andersson's figure. 

Xo petaloideous Monocotyledon was collected except Luzula arcuata ; of Glumaccw, only Erio- 
pliorum Chamissonis and an immature Carex, which maybe C. vulgaris ; and of grasses a fine stock 

191 



192 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 

of Phippsia algida, Arctagrostis (Colpodium) latifolia, Alopecurus alpinus, Grapliephorum (Ditpontia) 
Fisclieri; and G.fulvum, Poa benisia, and P. arctica, also a true Colpodium, the species undetermined. 

Dr. Farlow adds the following report upon the Lower Cryptoganiia of the Point Barrow col- 
lections : 

1 would make the following report on the cryptogams collected at Point Barrow and submitted 
to me for examination. The lichens consisted of three packages, each containing a single tuft of 
impressed material. Two of the tufts were composed of Cetraria islandica Ach., var. Deliscci 
Bor., and the third of Alecioria divergens (Ach.) Nyl., mixed with which were fragments of 
Cetraria arctica (Hook.) and Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. There was a quantity of fungi 
preserved in ajar of alcohol, but without notes of color, habit, &c, so that the specific determina- 
tion is in their present condition impossible. The specimens, as far as could be told, seemed to 
include two species of Agaricus and one of Bussttla. 

The Algw collected were in part marine and in part from fresh water, some of them rough- 
dried, and others prepared on mica. 

The marine species were as follows : 

Phyllophora interrwpta (G-rev.) J. Ag., in excellent condition, with fully-developed nemathecia ; 
Odonthalia dentata Lyngb., rather a broad form, with slender supra- axillary tetrasporic branchlets; 
fragments of a sterile species which possibly belonged to RUodymenia pertusa (Bail, and Harv.) J. 
Ag. ; and fragments of an Ulva which could not be determined. 

The fresh-water species included several specimens of a Prasiola, which may be referred with 
some doubt to P. crispa (Lightf.) Kg. The specimens were considerably larger than the type, some 
being nearly three inches long, but the habit Avas prostrate and buliate, and there was no distinct 
stipe as in P. stipitata Suhr., a species previously reported from the Arctic regions of America. It 
is possible that the species may prove to be new, but, as the specimens agree in microscopic 
structure with P. crispa, it would not be well without further information to separate them as a 
distinct species. Besides the Prasiola mentioned, the material on mica contained Pcdiastrum Bory- 
anum Menegh, and two Cyanophycew, Aphanothece stagnina A. Br,, and Aplianacapsa Castagnei 
(Breh.). 



APPENDIX. 



By John Murdoch, A. M., Sergeant Signal Corps, United States Army. 



A.— NOTES ON SURFACE LIFE UNDER THE SEA-ICE, FROM FEBRUARY 27 TO JUNE 



8, 1883. 



At tlie suggestion of Lieutenant Ray, a towmg-net was arranged so that it could be attached 
to the line of the tide-gauge and set at different depths under the ice (see diagram). The water 
was about 17 feet deep. When a strong current was running in either direction the net was dis- 
tended and many animals captured. 

3 




The net was visited generally every day, unless the weather was too severe to handle it, Early 
in the season the bucket of Avater containing the washings of the net was so full of k-e- crystals 
that it had to be thawed beforo the stove before it could be examined. 

February 27.— Current NE. Temperature of the water, 29°.l F., net set near the bottom. 
Small copepods resembling Cyclops, a few. 
JEgina cifrca, 2 small ones. 
Turris f sp., a few small. 
February 2S.— Conditions as above. 
Copepods; rather plenty. 
Biastylis sp., 1, small. 
Beroe roseola, 1, about 0.2 inch long. 
JEgina citrca, 1 or 2, very small. 
March 4.— Current and temperature as before, net set near surface. 
Diastylis sp., 1, small. 
Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola, very abundant, from size of pin-head to about 0.3 inch in diameter. 

' 1!)3 

H. Ex. 44 25 



194 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

March 5. — Conditions as above. 

Copepods ; plenty. 

Beroe roseola ; abundant and small. 

JEgina citrea, 1, rather larger than before. 
March G.— Current SW. -:; 

Copepods; plenty. 

Bero'e roseola, plenty, same young brood. 
March 7. — Conditions as above. 

Copepods ; rather fewer. 

Sagitta sp,, 1, adult. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty, no larger. 

Sarsia rosaria, 1, small. 
March 8. — Conditions as above. 

Copepods; a few. 

Beroe roseola ; a few. 
March 9. — Conditions as above, more life. 

Copepods; a few. 

Sagitta sp., 1, adult. 

Beroe roseola ; abundant, same brood. 

Sarsia rosaria, 1, small. 
March 10. — SW. current strong. 

Copepods; a few. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty, same brood. 
March 11. — SW. current very strong. Water very muddy. 

Autolytus sp.; a few, very small. 

Castalia inultipapillata ; a few, very small. 

Copepods; a few. 

Beroe roseola; a few. 
March 12. — Conditions as above. Water still muddier. 

Copepods; a few. 

Autolytus sp., 1, small. 

Beroe roseola, 1 or 2 apparently dead. 
Noticed a Beroe in the tide-hole at least one inch long, and uiir.i 
March 13. — Current NE. Water still muddy. 

Copepods ; rather abundant. 

Atitolytus sp., 1, rather larger than before. 

Beroe roseola ; increasing in numbers, small. f 

JEgina citrea, 1, § inch in diameter. 1 very small. 

Sarsia rosaria ; several small. 

Ticrris ? sp.; several small. 
March 14. — Conditions as above. Water less muddy. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola ; a few. 

Turris ? sp., 1, about 0.4 inch in length. 
March 15. — Strong SW. current. Water clear, very little life. 
March 18.— Slack NE. current. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola, 1 or 2 small. 

JEgina citrea, 3. 
March 19. — Strong SW. current. 

Copepods ; a few. 

? CUonc borealis, larva, 1. 

Sarsia rosaria, 1 or 2. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 195 

March 21. — Current slack. 

C&pepods ; plenty. 

Beroii roseola ; plenty (one or two .1 little larger than before). 
March 23.— Current NE. 

Copepods ; plenty. 

Autolytus sp. ; 2 egg-bearing females. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty; rather larger. 

JEgina citrea ; 1 or 2. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1. 
March 24. — Conditions as above. Water muddy. 

Copepods ; very plenty. 

Autolytus sp. ; 2 egg-bearing females. 

Beroe roseola ; a few. 

Sarsia rosaria ; 1. 
March 25. — Conditions as above. Life scanty. 
March 28. — Conditions as above, but water high. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola; a few. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1, small. 
March 29. — Conditions as above. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Autolytus sp.; 1 egg-bearing female. 

JEgina citrea ; 3 or 4. 
April 4. — Net loaded witb ice-crystals. 

April 5.— Current SW. Temperature of water 29°.l F. Water muddy. Net elear of ice. 
Life scanty. 

Beroe roseola ; a few; small. 

Sarsia rosaria; a few. 
April 7. — Conditions as above. Life very scanty. 
April 10.— Conditions as above. Water muddy. Life scanty. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola ; a few and small. 

JEcjina citrea ; 2 or 3; very small. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1, small. 
April 11. — Conditions as above. Life scanty. 

JEgina citrea : 2, small. 

Sarsia rosaria; 2 or 3 (one larger than usual, about 0.4 inch). 
April 12".— Current NE., almost slack. Water muddy. Life very scanty. 
April 14.— Current slack. Water and net very muddy. Life very scanty. 
April 1G.— Current slack. Water and net less muddy. Practically no life. 
Until April 24 the current continued slack, and no life was observed. On that date there was a 
slight SW. current, but practically no life. 

April 26.— Current NE., rather strong. Temperature continued the same. 

Beroe roseola ; 1; small. 

Mgina citrea ; 1; medium-sized. 

Sarsia rosaria ; rather plenty. 
April 27.— Current NE., slight. Water decidedly milky. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroii roseola ; a few; small. 

Conditions unfavorable for tending the net until May G. 
May 6.— Slight NE. current. Temperature unchanged. Water muddy, Life scanty. 

Copepods; 1 or 2. 

Sarsia rosaria ; rather numerous. 



196 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABHOW, ALASKA. 

May 8. — NE. current, rather strong. Water muddy. 

? Clionc borealis. larva; 1. 

Sarsia rosaria ; rather plenty ; very small. 
May 10. — Moderate NE. current. Water muddy. No life. 
May 11. — Current slack. 
May 14.— Current SW. in morning, slack at night. 

Nothing in net. (Found a large Beroe roseola 4 inches long in tide hole, dead and 
much dilapidated.) 
May 15. — Weak NE. current. Water very clear. No life. 
May 18. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. Life scanty. 

Copepods ; a few. 

Beroe roseola ; a few: small. 

JEgina citrea ; 1 or 2. 

Sarsia rosaria; a few. 
May 19. — Strong NE. current. 

? Clione borealis, larva; a good many; no farther developed. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty; very small. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1 or 2. 
May 21. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. 

? Clione borealis, larva; a few. 

Beroe roseola; 2; about i inch long. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1. 
May 22. — No current. 
May 23. — Strong NE. current. Life scanty. 

f Clione borealis, larva; a few. 

A few very small acalephs. 
May 24. — Strong NE. current. 

? Clione borealis, larva; plenty (some have grown larger). 

Beroe roseola ; very abundant, from very small to size of filbert. (Saw one very large 
one, 6 or 7 inches long, dead, and somewhat broken.) 

JEgina citrea ; 1 ; large. 

Meliccrtum sp.; 1. 

Sarsia rosaria; plenty and large (about .75 inch). 
May 20.— Strong NE. current. 

? Clione borealis, larva ; a few. 

^Egina citrea; 2 good-sized ones. 

Sarsia rosaria ; a few. 
May 27. — Strong NE. current. Water muddy. Life scanty. 

Beroe roseola ; 1 or 2. 

Sarsia rosaria; 1 or 2. 
May 30. — Current slack. 

f Clione borealis, larva; a few. 
May 31. — Current slack. 

JEgina citrea; 1; large. 
June 2. — Rather strong NE. current. Life scanty. 

? Clione borealis, larva; a few. 
June 5. — Current slack. No life. 
June 7. — Strong NE. current. Life scanty. 

? Clione borealis, larva; a few. 
June 8. — Current NE. Life scanty. 

? Clione borealis, larva; a few. Net taken up. 
During the whole period in which the net was set the surface temperature of t he water 
remained very nearly constant at 29°.l F. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 197 

The foregoing notes are presented as the first continuous series of observations on surface life 
during winter in (lit- Arctic regions. 

The only reference to any observation of the kind that 1 have been able to find in any of the 
accounts of Arctic exploration will be found in Dr. Sutherland's "Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's 
Bay and Barrow Strait,*' vol. J, pp. 440-441. On December 3, 1850, the sea- water in the firehole 
was observed to be luminous, especially when agitated by the tide-line. "'* * * A minute 
acaleph was discovered which seemed to possess cilia. * * * The shape was perfectly globular, 
except when in a state of motion, and then it was rudely pyramidal.'' This was probably the young 
Bero'ti roseola which we found so abundant under the ice. 



B.— NOTES ON SURFACE LIFE OBSERVED DURING- THE VOYAGE FROM SAN 
FRANCISCO TO POINT BARROW, AND DURING THE SEASON OF OPEN WATER 
AT POINT BARROW. 

PACIFIC OCEAN. 

I§81. 

July 19.— Latitude 37° 6' N.; longitude 124= 33' W. (at noon). 

Large numbers of Yelella sp. floated past the vessel. 
July 20.— Latitude 30° 51' N.: longitude 120° 33' W. 

Yelella sp.; less plenty. 
July 21.— Latitude 37° 09' N.: longitude 128° 44' W. 

A few Yelella sp. 
July 23.— Latitude 38° 11' N.; longitude 134 D 17' W. 

Large numbers of Lepas sp. floating in bunches. 
July 21,— Latitude 39° 10' N.; longitude 134° 54' W. 

Lepas sp.; plenty. 
July 25.— Latitude 41? 17' N.; longitude 135° 40' W. 

Lcpas sp.; plenty. 
July 20.— Latitude 42° 44' N.; longitude 130° IS' W. 

Lcpas sp. in unusually large numbers. 
July 28.— Latitude -15° IS' N.; longitude 130° 45' W. 

Water idled with the shells of dead Yelella^ to some of which were attached a single 
large blue barnacle (? Lcpas sp.): Lepas sp. plenty. 
July 29. - Latitude 45° 02' N.; longitude 139° 37' 45" W. 

Large numbers of Yelella sp. dead or dying. 
July '30.— Latitude 45° 30' N.; longitude 141° 40' W. 

Dead or dying Yelella sp.; still very plenty. ' 
August 4. — Latitude 42° 29' N.; longitude, no observation. 

Sal pa herculea; saw several. 
August 11.— Latitude 54° 15' N.: longitude 15S° 58' W. 

Temperature of water at noon 52°.2 F. Water full of Medusa'. 

? Mertensia ovum; saw one. 

'? Aurclia labiata; plenty and small. 

'? Cyanea postclsii ; plenty. 

1 Pelagia sp. 

Staurophora mertensn ; very plenty and large. 
In crossing Bering Sea Ave had rough weather and observed no surface life. Aitrelm labiata 
"was observed in Plover Bay. Eastern Siberia. 

ARCTIC OCEAN. 

August 31.— Latitude 09° 01' N.; longitude 1GG C 25' W\ Temperature of water. 47 c F. 
Cyanea postelsii : rather plenty. 



193 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

September 4.— Latitude 7(P 21' N.; longitude 105° 10' W. (80 miles west of Icy Cape). Tem- 
perature of water, 43°.8 F. 

Water full of Beroe roseola. 
September 5.— Latitude 70° 21' BT.j longitude 163° 43' W. Temperature of water, 443.5 P. 

Water full of Accdephs; large aud healthy. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty. 

Mertensia ovum ; 1. 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla; very plenty. 

Aurelia labiata; plenty. 

Cyanea postelsii; plenty. 

Staurophora mertensii; plenty. 
Noticed a few Pteropods. 

STATION, OOGLAAMIE, CAPE SMYTHE, 

September 10. — Water full of Cyanea postelsii of large size and varying color. 

October 13. — Chrysaora melanaster washed up on the beach. 

November 10.— Water at noon filled with large medusas, Aurelia labiata and Cyanea postelsii. 

Temperature of water, 29° P. 
November 11. — At noon observed one small living Cyanea postelsii. Temperature of water, 

30°.0 P. . ' 

November 28. — Cyanea postelsii and Aurelia labiata observed through a crack in the ice. Sea 

closed. 

1882. 

January 17. — Cyanea postelsii of large size observed in the hole cut for taking the temperature 

of the sea- water, which was 28°.7 P. 
February G. — Cyanea postelsii of large size taken in the temperature-hole. Temperature of 

water, 29° P. 
April 29. — Three living and healthy specimens of Bcroe roseola about two inches long were 

taken in the temperature-hole. Temperature of water, 29 p P. 
July 18. — Sea open between shore and grounded ice. Temperature of water, 39° P. 
Water swarming with a small nauplius (Balanus sp.). Observed a few pteropods (Limacina 
pacifica). 

Beroe roseola ; very abundant] mostly small. 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; very abundant, of all sizes. 

Aglantha camtscliatica ; very plenty. 
Jxdy 19. — Temperature of water, 40°.2 P. 

Limacina pacifica ; more abundant. 

Beroe roseola ; very abundant; mostly small. 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; very abundant, of all sizes. 

Chrysaora melanaster ; two cv three on bottom. 

Aglantha camtscliatica ; quite plenty. 
July 24.— Limacina pacifica ; rather plenty. Observed only one or two acalephs. 
July 31. — Temperature of water, 49° P. Observed comparatively few medusa?. 
August 19. — Large Chrysaora melanaster, 18 inches across umbrella, washed up on beach. 
August 29. — Picked up a L.rge Aurelia labiata ou the beach. Ovaries discharged. 
August 31. — Saw another large Aurelia on the beach. 
September 11. — Observed one red Cyanea. 
September 15. — Observed two Aurelia labiate. 

Cyanea postelsii very abundant; mostly de^d .or dying. Observed one or two very 
largo ones. 

Two or three Staur.ophora, mertensii washed up on the beach, rather mutilated. 
September 17. — Beroe roseola very plenty out araou? the loose ice, three or tour miles from tho 
shore. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT HARROW, ALASKA. 199 

September 20. — Observed a very large Bcroe roseola, five inches long, and one Amelia lablata, 

in the shoal water elose to the shore. 
September 28. — Much loose ice. 

Bcroe roseola and Cyanea po&telsii abundant and large. 

1883. 

August G. — Water open inside "barrier." 

Beroe roseola ; about three inches long; very plenty in the pools along the shore. 
August S. — Water outside the "barrier" fall of acalephs. Strong NE. current. 

Beroe roseola ; large and very abundant. 

Mertensia ovum; large and very abundant. 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla ; large and very abundant. 

Sarsia* rosaria; plenty and large. 

Turris? sp. ; plenty and large. 

Appendicular ia sp. ; in enormous numbers of largo size. 
ISTo acalephs were observed inside the grounded ice. 

August 9. — Temperature of water, 34° to 3C° F. Inside of grounded ice found surface life 
abundant. 

Sagitta sp.;.one taken. 

Appendicularia sp. j in myriads. 

Beroe roseola ; large and small, abundant. 

Plcurobracltia rhododactyla ; abundant. 

Cyanea postclsii ; not plenty. 

Sarsia rosaria ; plenty and large. 

Turris ? sp. ; plenty and large. 
August 10. — Strong NE. current. Temperature of water, 37° F. 

Water filled with Appendicularia sp.; both animals and "houses." 

Bcroe roseola ; large and small; very plenty. 

Mertensia ovum; not plenty. 

Gemmaria f sp. ; not. plenty. 

Sarsia rosaria ; plenty, large, and flourishing. 
August 11. — Beroe roseola ; in myriads. 

Chrysaora melanastcr ; abundant in all stages, from Epliyra, about .75 inches in diaiu 
eter, to adult. 

Turris ? sp. ; very plenty. 
August 12. — Beroe roseola; plenty. Water full of small white grains, apparently larvae of 
some description, though their structure could not be made out under the microscope. 

August 15. — Very strong NE. current. Many "houses" of Appendicularia sp. drifting about 
and a good many of the animals free or partially extricated. 

Beroe roseola ; plenty. 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla; a few. 

Bolina sp. ; a few. 

Cyanea postelsii ; one or two small yellow ones. 

Chrysaora melanaster ; a few dead or dying at the bottom. 

Gemmaria ? sp. ; plenty. 

Sarsia rosaria; plenty. 

Turris ? sp.; plenty. 

Sagitta sp. ; a few specimens. 
August 16. — Life in water as yesterday, but less plenty. 

Until August 28, the time of the party was so occupied with the work of closing the station 
that no zoological observations could be made. 

August 28. — Limacina pacifica ; abundant, and myriads of the "white grains" above noted. 



200 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

August 29. — Crossing the mouth of Peard Bay. Temp, of -water 42° F. Observed a few 
Limacina pacijicct ; " white grains" very plenty. Berce roseola and other acalepbs rather abundant 
at night. 

BEEIXG SEA. 

September 4.— Latitude G5° 1C 2s., longitude 101° 30' TV. 
Aurelia labiata; not plenty. 
Cyanea po&telsii ; not plenty. 
Staurophora mertensii ; not plenty. 
September 8. — Anchored off St. Michaefs. 
Aurelia labiata; not plenty. 
Cyanea postelsii; not plenty. 
September 0. — Anchored off St. Michael's. 
Aurelia labiata; not plenty. 
Cyanea postelsii; not plenty (one red one). 
September 12. — In Norton Sound. Water at noon full of Aurelia labiata of large size and 
apparently spawning. A. lew Cyanea postelsii observed. 

September 13, — In Norton Sound, A lew acalepbs only observed. We had very rough weather 
from Norton Sound to EJnalaska and observed no surface life. 

September 21. — Unalaska. Observed iu sboal water close to the beach a peculiar large aealeph 
about a foot across the umbrella. Closely allied to Aurelia, with very short marginal tentacles, 
and rather short labial lappets. Color, a rich violet blue. 

The weather in crossing the Pacific Ocean from Unalaska to San Francisco was generally rough 
and no observations of any importance could be made. 

O— LIST OF BIRDS NOTICED AT PLOVEB BAY, EASTERN SIBERIA, AUGUST 21 

TO 25, 1881. 

Anthus sp.;* rather common round the Eskimo village. 

C'orcus corax; abundant and remarkably tame round the houses. 

Strepsilas interpret; fairly abundant. 

Aetodromas metadata ; one taken. 

Aetodromas bairdi ; one taken badly mutilated. 

Pelidna alpina amcricana ?; one immature male taken. 

Ereune/es pusillus; fairly abundant in small flocks. 

Phedaropus fulicarius ; one small flock seen. 

Somaterict, v-nigra; quite plenty; mostly females and young two-thirds grown. 

Phedacrocorax dilophus F ;* very plenty. 

Eissa tridactyla ; plenty. 

Larus cachinnans ? ;* plenty and very tame. 

Stereorariits parasiticus ; several seen flying around the bay in clear weather. 

Fraterculei corniculeita ; plenty; one taken. 

Lunda cirrhata; plenty. 

Ciceroniet pusillaf ;* very numerous in good-sized flocks. 

Uriel grylle ; very numerous. 

Lomvia arra f ;* plenty. 
These observations were confined to the immediate neighborhood of the " sandspit," where we 
lay waiting for clear weather to make time-observations at the United States Coast and Geodetic 
Survey station. 

" Not titkeu. 



PABT "V. 



METEOROLOGY 



H. Ex. 44 2G 



201 



METEOROLOGY, 



INTRODUCTORY. 

I. Meteorological observations were begun on October 18, 1S81, and continued without inter- 
ruption until tbe station was closed on August 27, 1883. They were then renewed on board of the 
schooner Leo, and continued till 1 a. m. } October 7, 1SS3, when the vessel was inside the Golden 
Gate. 

From tbe opening of the station until June 5, 1SS2, tbe thermometers and hygrometers were 
exposed in a shelter placed on the north side of the back storm-porch (see plan of station, pi. 2). 
This consisted of a box of galvanized iron louvre-work, with a flat roof of the same material, 5 feet 
long and 4 feet broad, mounted on posts 3 feet above the ground. Tins was inclosed by wooden 
louvre-work blinds on the three exposed sides, reaching to the ground, and bad a wooden floor. 
On June 5, 1SS2, the instruments were removed to a larger and more convenient shelter, farther 
away from the quarters, extending along the northern side of the building from the northwest 
corner, and entered by a door at this corner (see plan, as above). This was made of wooden louvre- 
work blinds, fastened to studding, with sealskin deprived of the hair fastened up inside, so as to 
inclose an air-space of 4 inches open above and below. The roof was of walrus-hide. Tbe shelter 
was 10 feet long by 4 feet broad, and reached up to the eaves of tbe building. 

The thermometers, &c, used in the observations on the voyage home, were mounted in a shelter 
of galvanized iron louvre-work, lashed on the starboard side of the quarter-deck. 

The barometers were hung in the southeast corner of the quarters, near the window. The 
wind-vane was placed on tbe roof, north of the ridge-pole, so that the rod passed down through 
the ceiling of the wash-room. The anemometer was first mounted on tbe ridge-pole, at the west end 
of the building, but on the completion of the bastion, June 15, 18S2, was removed to the top of 
this. The self-register of tbe anemometer was on the mantel-shelf in the quarters, and the bat- 
teries on the shelf in the wash-room. The rain-gauge occupied the place of the anemometer when 
this was removed. 

During the extremely low temperatures it was found impossible to get satisfactory results 
with the wet- and dry-bulb hygrometer, and the relative humidity was accordingly observed with 
the hair hygrometer. 

The highest temperature observed during the occupation of the station was G0°.5, the lowest 
— 52°.G, giving a range of 113°.l. 

203 



204 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIJEOW, ALASKA. 



Tablcti shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883. 

[Barometer aljovc sea. 17 feet. Washington mean time. Con cction J'or mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


i a. in. 


2 a. in. 


:s a. ni. 


i a. in. 


5 a, m. 


a. m. 


7 a. in. 


S a. in. 


i) a. in. 


10 a. in. 


11 a. in. 


12 m. 


J p. in. 


2 p. m. 


1881. 




























Oct. 18.... 


20.815 


m. 826 


29. 810 


29. 717 


29. 722 


29. 713 


29. 783 


29. 770 


29. 735 


29.719 


29. 709 


29. 700 


29. 812 


29. 694 


Oct. in.... 


29. 662 


29. 089 


29. 739 


29. 757 


29. 805 


29. 825 


29. 828 


29. 831 


29. 838 


29. 858 


29. 873 


29. 857 


29. 901 


30. 038 


Oct. 20.... 


20. 952 


I'!). 953 


29. 963 


29. 903 


29. 954 


29. 949 


29. 930 


29. 930 


29. 938 


29. 922 


29.910 


29. 890 


29. S97 


29. 894 


Oct. 21.... 


29. 828 


29. S17 


29. 833 


29. S38 


29. 845 


29. 850 


29. 828 


29. 822 


29. 838 


29. 838 


29. 853 


. 29. 853 


29.861 


29. 857 


Oct, 22.... 


29. 898 


29. S98 


29. 908 


29. 920 


29. 921 


29. 915 


29. 860 


29. 857 


29. 835 


29. 830 


29. 825 


29. 823 


29.841 


29. 811 


Oct, 23.... 


29. 763 


29. 749 


29. 730 


29. 739 


29. 740 


29. 763 


29. 71S 


29. 720 


29. 720 


29. 720 


29. 710 


29. 72:) 


29. 738 


29.710 


Oct. 24.... 


29.711 


29. 707 


29. 703 


29. 090 


29. 729 


29. 709 


29. 089 


29. 655 


29.618 


29. 596 


29. 597 


29. 628 


29. 015 


29. 639 


Oct. 25.... 


29. 517 


29. 512 


29.510 


29. 518 


29. 511 


29.499 


29. 494 


29. 4.80 


29. 406 


29.405 


29. 486 


29. 472 


29. 472 


29. 475 


Oct. 26.... 


29. 453 


29.450 


29.471 


29. 470 


29.473 


29. 460 


29. 428 


29. 423 


29. 408 


29. 402 


29.397 


29. 427 


29. 432 


29. 426 


Oct. 27.... 


29. 060 


29. 070 


29. 080 


29. 081 


29. 095 


29.741 


29. 723 


29. 727 


29. 734 


29. 742 


29. 701 


29. 771 


29. 772 


2-9. 775 


Oet. 28.... 


29. 752 


29. 751 


29. 772 


29. 759 


29. 701 


29. 745 


29. 740 


29. 740 


29. 739 


29. 722 


29.717 


29. 707 


29. 698 


29. 673 


Oct 29. . . . 


29. 712 


29. 714 


29. 099 


29. 037 


29. 695 


29. 085 


29. 701 


29. 097 


29. 694 


29. 094 


29. 701 


29. 702 


29. 707 


29. 700 


Oct, 30.... 


29. 746 


29. 762 


29. 730 


29. 773 


29. 823 


29. 834 


29. 828 


29. 835 • 


29. 828 


29. 843 


29. 828 


29. 840 


29. 870 


29. 856 


Oct. 31.... 


29. 985 


30. 002 


30. COS 


30. 019 


30. 028 


30. 024 


30. 034 


30 049 


30. 053 


30. 057 


30. 071 


30. 083 


30. 089 


30. 095 


Means . . 


29. 747 


29.750 


29.755 


29. 750 


29. 705 


29. 760 


29. 750 


29. 753 


29. 747 


29.743 


29.745 


29. 754 


•>».7t;« 


29. 761 


Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. ni. 


6 p. m. 


i p. m. 


8 p. m. 


it p. ni. 


10 p. m . 


11 p. m. 


12 ii.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Mm. 


Range. 


1881. 
Oct 18.... 


29. 689 


29. 089 


29. 081 


29. 060 


29. 051 


29. 061 


29. 045 


29. 040 


29. 049 


29. 047 


29. 723 


29. 820 


29 040 


.180 


Oct. 19.... 


29. 933 


29. 943 


29. 954 


29. 901 


29. 949 


29. 950 


29. 978 


29. 940 


29. 902 


2.9. 95G 


29. 879 


30. 038 


29. 662 


.376 


Oct, 20.... 


29. 875 


29. 879 


29. 802 


29.851 


29. 841 


29. 853 


29. 85:! 


29. 844 


29. 850 


29. 832 


29. 900 


29. 963 


29. 832 


.131 


Oct. 21.... 


29. 860 


2!). 807 


29. 871 


29. 809 


29. S77 


29. 864 


29. 887 


29. 897 


29. 898 


29. 895 


29. 850 


29. 898 


29. 817 


.081 


Oct. 22.... 


29. 793 


29. 787 


29. 785 


29. 7S0 


29. 789 


29. 782 


29. 7S3 


29. 775 


29. 761 


29. 756 


29. 831 


29. 926 


29. 756 


.1.70 


Oct. 23.... 


29. 741 


29. 727 


29. 725 


29. 735 


29. 733 


29. 728 


29.721 


29. 720 


29. 709 


29. 709 


29. 730 


29. 703 


29. 709 


.054 


Oet 24.... 


29. 589 


29. 594 


29. 589 


29. 581 


29. 509 


29. 578 


29. 571 


29. 564 


29. 533 


29. 539 


29. 625 


29. 729 


29. 533 


.196 


Oct 25.... 


29. 450 


29. 457 


29. 419 


29. 441 


29.442 


29. 447 


29. 451 


29.442 


29.450 


29. 453 


29.474 


29. 518 


29.441 


.077 


Oct, 26.... 


29. 450 


29. 471 


29. 498 


29.523 


29. 548 


29. 559 


29. 570 


29. 593 


29. 033 


29. 642 


29. 484 


29. 042 


29.397 


.245 


Oct, 27.... 


29. 793 


29. 785 


29. 779 


29. 767 


29. 7G7 


29. 755 


29. 755 


29.753 


29. 762 


29. 756 


29. 74 1 


29. 793 


29. 660 


. 133 


Oct. 28.... 


29. 087 


29. 674 


29. 078 


29. 669 


29. 666 


29. 070 


29. 674 


29. 695 


29. 694 


29. 711 


29. 712 


29. 772 


29. 006 


.100 


Oct. 29.... 


29. 719 


29. 717 


29. 720 


29.721 


29. 717 


29. 720 


29. 737 


29. 728 


29. 735 


29.743 


29. 711 


29. 743 


29. 685 


.058 


Oct 30.... 


29. 890 


29. 901 


29. 908 


29. 920 


29. 932 


29. 935 


29. 954 


29. 973 


29. 972 


29. 981 


29. 866 


29. 981 


29. 736 


.245 


Oet. 31.... 


30. 100 


30. 100 


30. 108 


30. 121 


30. 117 


30. 106 


30. 122 


30. 125 


30. 138 


30.149 


30.074 


30.149 


29. 985 


.164 


Means .. 


29. 755 


29. 758 


29. 758 


29. 757 


29. 757 


29. 759 


29. 764 


29. 764 


29. 70S 


29.789 


29. 758 


29. 839 


29. 080 


| .159 



6. 


Gravity | 
correction. ; 


I 

! 28 

i 29 

; 30- 

31 


-fO. 058 
-4-0. 060 
+0. 062 
-}-0. 064 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKItOW. ALASKA. 



205 



Tahiti showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Baromotcr above sea, L7 feet. 'Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Da to. 


1 a. m. 


2 ;i. m. 


'A a. iu. 


1 a. in. 


5 a. ni. 


(J a. in. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


i) a. in. 


10 a. in. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


1881. 
Nov. 1... 


30. 150 


30.153 


30.157 


30. 155 


30. 150 


30. 173 


30.115 


30. 133 


30. 113 


30. 105 


30. 07S 


30. 077 


30. H73 


30. 031 


2s ov. 2... 


29. 800 


29. 815 


29. 835 


20. 817 


29. 80G 


29. 790 


29. 751 


29. 722 


29. 70G 


29. 080 


29. G74 


29. C04 


29. 070 


29. 003 


Nov. 3... 


29. 000 


29. 003 


29. 032 


29. 030 


29. 054 


29. 048 


29.600 


29. 597 


29. 597 


29. 610 


29. 022 


29. GOO 


29. 017 


29. 010 


Nov. 4... 


29.018 


29. 008 


29.014 


29. 001 


29. 583 


29.571 


29. 578 


29. 579 


29. 572 


29. 551 


29. 549 


29. 540 


29. 543 


29. 551' 


X(ir. 5... 


29. 487 


20. 473 


29. 170 


29. 477 


29. 47G 


29. 480 


29. 480 


29. 483 


29. 479 


29. 470 


29. 478 


29. 481 


29.493 


29. 497. 


Nov. 6... 


29. 077 


29 094 


29. 708 


29. 72:; 


29. 740 


29. 777 


29. 793 


29. 803 


29. 821 


29. 830 


29. 875" 


29. 870 


29. 800 


29. 898 


TffOT. 7... 


30. 0S5 


30. 085 


30. 083 


30. 0S5 


30. 089 


30. 131 


30. 145 


30.158 


30. 170 


30. 105 


39. 1S3 


.';o. 142 


30.178 


30. 180 


Nov. 8... 


30. 175 


30. 170 


30. 157 


30. 149 


30. 141 


30.131 


30. 116 


30. 108 


30. 098 


30. 083 


39. 080 


30.080 


30. 082 


30. 078 


Nov. 9... 


29. 948 


29. 937 


29. 953 


29. 95G 


29. 947 


29. 932 


29. 891 


29. 873 


29. SS9 


29. 875 


29. 807 


29. 868 


29. 877 


29.873 


Nov. 10... 


29. 942 


29. 955 


29. 9G0 


20. 90S 


29. 981 


29. 9S7 


30. 014 


30. 028 


30. 042 


30.041 


30. 078 


30. 079 


30. 081 


30.113 


Nov. 11... 


30. 254 


30. 277 


30. 292 


30.313 


30.310 


30. 325 


30. 325 


30. 335 


30.340 


30. 359 


30. 37S 


30.390 


30. 3S3 


30. 405 


Nov. 12... 


31 539 


30. 551 


30. 501 


30. 504 


30. 555 


30. 500 


30. 589 


30. 591 


30. 592 


30. 5S5 


30. 596 


30. 597 


30. GOO 


30. 619 


Nov. 13... 


30.6S6 


30. cs: 


30. 072 


30. 075 


30. 070 


ao.esti 


30. 60S 


30. GG4 


30. 643 


30. 049 


30. 002 


30. 642 


30.612 


30. 580 


Nov. 14... 


30.431 


30. 404 


30. 3S:' 


30. 309 


30. 300 


30. 337 


30. SOS 


30. 284 


30. 245 


30.215 


30. 197 


30. 191 


30.143 


30. 120 


Nov. 15.. -> 


29. 954 


29. 949 


29. 909 


29. 958 


29. 9G4 


29. 955 


29. 939 


29.941 


29. 928 


29. 922 


29. 910 


29.907 


29. 807 


29. 880 


Nov. 1G... 


29. 980 


20. 993 


29..9S0 


29. 992 


30. 003 


30. 011 


30. 029 


30.013 


30. 063 


30. 073 


30. 073 


30. 095 


30. 109 


3». 131 


Nov. 17... 


30. 290 


3'). 301 


30. 317 


30.317 


30. 327 


30. 321 


30. 319 


SO. 304 


30. 328 


30. :j07 


30. 334 


30.314 


30. 284 


30. 291 


Nov. IS... 


30. 133 


30. 122 


30. 081 


30. 045 


30. 048 


30. 048 


30. 020 


29. 993 


29. 979 


29. 96S 


29. 952 


20. 945 


29.941 


29. 920 


Nov. 19... 


29. 031 


29. 023 


29. 030 


29. C17 


29. 007 


29. 590 


29. 5S2 


29. 577 


29. 563 


20. 532 


29. 530 


29. 510 


29.400 


29. 484 


Nov. 20... 


29. 427 


29. 414 


29. 398 


29. 385 


29. 374 


29. 3G5 


29. 390 


29. 380 


29. 372 


29. 372 


29. 374 


29. 374 


29. 377 


29. 389 


Nov. 21... 


2:'. 5:;o 


29. 540 


29. 509 


29. 588 


29.G14 


29. 017 


29. 714 


29. 749 


29. 782 


29. 840 


20. 874 


29. 905 


29. 937 


29. 9G9 


Nov. "2... 


30. 30G 


30. 318 


30. 321 


30. 33G 


30. 325 


30. 350 


30. 385 


30. 394 


SO. 39G 


30. 404 


30. 400 


30.411 


30. 418 


30. 410 


Nov. 23... 


30. 301 


30. 280 


30. 279 


30. 27G 


30. 203 


30. 259 


30. 227 


30. 19G 


30. 204 


30.195 


30. 100 


30.150 


30.140 


30. 122 


Nov. 24... 


29. 989 


29. 989 


29. 992 


29. 907 


29. 917 


29. 880 


29. 888 


20. 893 


29. 871 


29. 860 


29. 881 


29. 851 


29. 831 


29. 822 


Nov. 25... 


29. 703 


29. 7G0 


29. 748 


29. 740 


29. 728 


29. 722 


29. 098 


29. 086 


29. 691 


29. 074 


29. 436 


29. 631 


29. 015 


29.015 


Nov. 20... 


29. COS 


29. 011 


29. 597 


29. 598 


29. 007 


29. 000 


29. 610 


29. 019 


29. 005 


29. 602 


29. 598 


29. 590 


29. 587 


29. 592 


Nov. 27... 


29. 40G 


29.457 


29. 444 


29. 437 


29. 413 


29. 378 


29. 350 


29. 329 


29. 29S 


29. 271 


29. 225 


29. 207 


29. 210 


29. 192 


Nov. 28... 


29. 230 


29. 230 


29.219 


29. 212 


29. 201 


29. 200 


29. 200 


29. 191 


29. 183 


29. 171 


29. 1G7 


29. 154 


29. 143 


29. 140 


Nov. 29... 


29. 112 


29.114 


29. US 


29. US 


29. 114 


29. 112 


29. 124 


29.110 


20.091 


29. 100 


29. 125 


29. 180 


29. 253 


29. 309 


Nov. 30... 


29. 441 
29.SS7 


29. 429 


29.424 


29. 423 


29. 430 


29. 444 


29. 459 


29. 470 


29. 409 


29. 477 


29.496 


29. 505 


29. 525 


29. 547 


Means .. 


29. 880 


29. 880 


29. 883 


29. 880 


29. 881 


29. S7S 


29. 874 


29. 871 


29. 867 


29.862 


29. SOG 


29. 807 


29. 80S 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. ro. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Range: 


1881. 
Nov. 1... 


30. 027 


30. 024 


30. 003 


29. 990 


29. 982 


29. 979 


29. 903 


29.940 


29. 878 


29. 857 


30. 050 


30. 173 


29. 857 


.315 


Nov. 2... 


29. 637 


29. G20 


29. 609 


29. 608 


29. 007 


29. 597 


29. 002 


29. 587 


29. 594 


29. 597 


29. 690 


29. 860 


29.587 


.273: 


Nov. 3... 


29.G21 


29. 031 


29. 624 


29. G30 


29. 632 


29. 634 


29. 633 


29. 033 


29. 626 


29. GIG 


29.622 


29. 654 


29. 597 


• 05x; 


Nov. 4... 


29. 534 


29. 523 


29. 518 


29. 507 


29. 510 


29. 501 


29. 488 


29. 478 


29.492 


29. 483 


29. 546 


29. 618 


29. 483 


-.135? 


Nov. 5 . . . 


29. 509 


29. 528 


29. 532 


29. 550 


29. 564 


29. 577 


29. 571 


29. 574 


29. 640 


29. 649 


29. 518 


29. 049 


29. 470 


.179 


Nov. G... 


29. 919 


29. 935 


29. 948 


29. 960 


29. 976 


29. 997 


30. 013 


30. 015 


30. 037 


30. 056 


29. 874 


30. 056 


29. 677 


..379. 


Nov. 7... 


30. 20S 


30.210 


30. 220 


30. 223 


30. 218 


30. 221 


30. 218 


30. 225 


30. 19S 


30. 177 


30.167 


30.225 


30. 083 


.1425 


Nov. 8... 


30. 041 


30. 005 


30. 025 


29. 994 


29. 989 


29. 957 


29. 958 • 


29. 955 


29. 948 


29 949 


30. 061 


30. 175 


29. 948 


.2221 


Nov. 9... 


29. 893 


29. 891 


29. 901 


29. 894 


29. 898 


29. 911 


29. 912 


29. 919 


29. 930 


29. 936 


29.909 


29. 956 


29. 867 


;.089 


Nov. 10... 


30. 128 


30. 153 


30. 158 


30. 1G3 


30. 167 


30. 187 


30. 189 


30. 201 


30. 230 


30. 242 


30. 0S7 


30. 242 


29. 942 


;,300 


Nov. 11... 


30. 443 


30. 444 


30. 403 


30. 470 


30. 488 


30. 487 


30. 490 


30. 504 


30. 523 


30. 533 


30. 398 


30. 533 


30.254 


* 27 3' 


Nov. 12 .. 


30. 037 


30. 042 


30. G41 


30. 037 


30. 648 


30. 050 


30. 050 


30. 659 


30. 676 


30. 675 


30.609 


30. 676 


30.539 


. ui 


Nov. 13... 


30. 591 


30. 5G7 


30. 567 


30. 538 


30. 535 


30. 533 


30. 520 


30. 509 


30. 4S0 


30. 459 


30. 604 


30.6S0 


30. 459 


.227, 


Nov. 14... 


30. 095 


30. 050 


30. 054 


30. 043 


30.008 


29. 999 


29. 9S5 


29. 972 


29. 973 


29. 961 


30. 172 


30.431 


29. 961 


.470 


Nor. 15... 


29. 898 


29. 903 


29. 921 


29. 941 


29. 981 


29. 975 


29. 967 


29. 983 


29. 985 


29. 978 


29. 942 


29. 985 


29.880 


.105 


Nov. 1G... 


30. 159 


30. 151 


30.175 


30. 170 


30. 182 


30. 200 


30. 212 


30. 230 


30. 255 


30. 276 


30. 108 


30. 276 


29. 980 


.29G 


Nov. 17... 


30. 275 


30. 272 


30. 251 


30. 24G 


30. 249 


30. 200 


30. 205 


30. 195 


30. 172 


30. 154 


30.274 


30. 328 


30.154 


.174 


Nov. 18... 


29. 870 


29. 849 


29. 814 


29. 774 


29. 754 


29. 735 


29. 712 


29. G78 


29. 008 


29. 639 


29. 904 


30.133 


29. 639 


. 494 


Nov. 19... 


29. 49S 


29. 490 


29. 487 


29. 480 


29. 487 


29. 485 


29. 473 


29.453 


29. 432 


29. 423 


29. 529 


29. 631 


29.423 


.298 


Nov. 20... 


29. 399 


29.410 


29. 424 


29. 425 


29. 427 


29. 439 


29. 452 


29. 470 


29. 499 


29. 509 


29. 410 


29. 509 


29.365 


.144' 


Nov. 21... 


30. 045 


30. 091 


30. 10S 


30. 129 


30. 140 


30. 170 


30. 17G 


30.214 


30. 247 


30. 203 


29. 909 


30. 263 


29.530 


■*m: 




30.411 


30. 102 


30. 38G 


30. 387 


30. 3GG 


30. 334 


30. 320 


30. 304 


30. 314 


30. 302 


30. 363 


30.418 


80. 302 


-..IKS 


Nov. 23... 


30. 137 


30. 120 


30. 094 


30. 08G 


30. 078 


30. 067 


30. 055 


30. 036 


29. 995 


29. 996 


30. 155 


30. 301 


29. 995 


.'. 305; 
<.240j 


Nov. 24... 


29. 817 


29. 800 


29. 818 


29. S12 


29. 77G 


29. 765 


29.754 


29. 752 


29. 762 


29. 767 


29. 852 


29. 993 


29.752 


Nov. 23... 


29. 019 


29. 023 


29. Gil 


29.010 


29. G20 


29. 603 


29. 007 


29. 614 


29. 616 


29. 611 


29. G52 


29.763 


29.607 


■41561 


>.'ov. 26... 


29. 583 


29. GOO 


29. 581 


29. 575 


29. 551 


29. 551 


29. 541 


29. 521 


29. 510 


29. 490 


29. 581 


29. 619 


29.496 


.< 12$ 


Nov. 27... 


29. 188 


29. 180 


29. 179 


29. 181 


29. 182 


29. 186 


29. 18G 


29. 188 


29. 200 


29. 209 


29.274 


29. 468 


29.179 


.287, 


Nov. 28... 


29. 141 


29. 138 


29. 135 


29. 130 


29. 113 


29. 110 


29. 105 


29. 103 


29. 105 


29. 106 


29.160 


29. 230 


29. 103 


;• 127. 


Nov. 29... 


29. 347 


29. 407 


29. 435 


29. 438 


29. 454 


29. 460 


29. 470 


29. 465 


29. 4.54 


29. 437 


29. 264 


29. 470 


29.091 


,-. 379, 


Nov. 30... 


29. 591 


29. 020 


29. 656 


29. 052 


29.71G 


29.754 


29. 785 


29. 835 


29. 853 


29. 899 


29.581 


29. 899 


29.423 


.475 


Means . . 


29. 875 


59. 877 


29. S78 


29. 877 


29. 877 


29. 870 


29. 874 


29. 874 


29. 877 


29. 876 


29.876 


30.007 


29.755 


.252 



206 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tables shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October. 1SS1, to August, 1S83 — Continued. 

[Tioxometer ahovo sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction i'or mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minute?.] 




Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. in. 


p. in. 


T p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. in. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Range. 


1881. 
Dec. 1.... 


30. 123 


30. 159 


30. 155 


30. 155 


30. 138 


30. 130 


30. 101 


30. 120 


30. 098 


30. 090 


30. 0S9 


30. 159 


29. 929 


.230 


Dec. 2.... 


29. 60G 


29. E6G 


29. 514 


29. 477 


29.400 


29. 309 


29. 349 


29. 324 


29. 307 


29. 270 


29. 084 


30. 039 


29. 276 


.763 


Deo. 3.... 


29. 654 


29. 700 


29. 706 


29. 793 


29. 803 


29. 842 


29. 839 


29. 877 


29. 900 


29. 880 


29. 538 


29. 900 


29. 251 


.649 


Dec. 4.... 


29. 723 


29. 729 


29. 709 


29. 714 


29. 710 


29. 693 


29. 678 


29. 678 


29. 083 


29. 076 


29. 706 


29. 890 


29 070 


.214 


Dec. 5.... 


29. 794 


29. 798 


29. 81G 


29 823 


29. 823 


29. 849 


29. 863 


29. 863 


29. 877 


29. 896 


29. 770 


29. 890 


29. 690 


.206 


Dec. 0.... 


30. 020 


30. 020 


30. 019 


30. 019 


30. 001 


30. 000 


30. 000 


29. 995 


30. 012 


30. 000 


29. 9S0 


30. 020 


29. 902 


.124 


Dec. 7 


30. 063 


30. 079 


30. 083 


30. 089 


30. 086 


30. 088 


30. 098 


30. 114 


30. 117 


30. 124 


30. 052 


30. 124 


29. 999 


.125 


Dec. 8.... 


30. 175 


30. 177 


30.185 


30. 108 


30. 163 


30. 108 


30. 167 


30.175 


30. 157 


30. 160 


30.159 


30. 185 


30. 127 


.058 


Dec. 9.... 


30. 130 


30. 135 


30. 133 


30. 135 


30. 132 


30. 083 


30. 078 


30. 091 


30. 090 


30. 083 


30. 136 


30. 178 


30. 078 


.100 


Dec. 10.... 


30. 064 


30.004 


30. 058 


30. 071 


30. 071 


30.001 


30. 081 


30. 0S5 


30. 090 


30. 099 


30. 062 


30. 099 


30. 042 


.057 


Dee. 11.... 


29. 998 


29. 974 


29. 948 


29. 939 


29. 907 


29. 878 


29. 852 


29. 810 


29. 819 


29. 791 


30. 003 


30. 117 


29. 791 


.320 


Dec. 12 ... 


29. 785 


29. 782 


29. 762 


29. 706 


29. 753 


29, 751 


29. 744 


29. 719 


29. 711 


29. 708 


29. 706 


29.791 


29. 708 


.083 


Dec. 111.... 


29. 809 


29. 820 


29. 830 


29. 847 


29. 853 


29.804 


29. 806 


29. 880 


29. 883 


29. 80S 


29. 778 


29. 883 


29. 6S6 


.197 


Dec. 14.... 


29. 799 


29. 7S9 


29. 792 


29. 787 


29. 781 


29. 707 


29. 705 


29. 754 


29. 750 


29. 751 


29. 814 


29. 887 


29. 751 


.136 


Dec. 15.... 


29. 781 


29. 775 


29. 783 


29. 707 


29. 767 


29. 708 


29. 750 


29. 749 


29. 744 


29. 735 


29 764 


29. 7S3 


29. 735 


.048 


Dec. 10.... 


29. 029 


29. 019 


29. G22 


29.614 


29. 610 


29. 600 


29. 598 


29. 591 


29. 588 


29. 580 


29. 644 


29. 739 


29.586 


.153 


Dec.17.... 


29. 053 


29. 005 


29. 673 


29. 686 


29. 708 


29.719 


29. 739 


29. 701 


29. 776 


29. 800 


29. 648 


29. S06 


29. 582 


.224 


Dec. 18.... 


30. O.iO 


30. 046 


30. 052 


30. 059 


30. 060 


30. 068 


30. 085 


30. 089 


30.102 


30. 120 


29. 977 


30. 120 


29.816 


.304 


Deo. 19.... 


30.073 


30. 050 


30. 057 


30. 057 


30. 048 


30. 040 


30. 024 


30. 014 


30. 028 


30.01G 


30. 0S3 


30. 139 


30.010 


.123 


Dec. 20.... 


30. 037 


30. 053 


30.003 


30. 057 


30. 052 


30. 050 


30. 051 


30. 008 


30. 082 


30. 087 


30.018 


30. 087 


29. 959 


.148 


Dec. 21.... 


30. 068 


30. 004 


30. 049 


30. 023 


29.999 


29.981 


29. 903 


29. 952 


29. 941 


29. 928 


30. 052 


30. 110 


29. 928 


.188 


Dec. 22 


29. 645 


29. 638 


29. G15 


29. 590 


29. 577 


29. 560 


29. 531 


29. 508 


29. 505 


29. 485 


29. 679 


29. 898 


29.485 


.413 


Dec. 23.... 


29. 353 


29. 359 


29. 35G 


29. 359 


29. 353 


29. 350 


29. 301 


29. 369 


29.377 


29. 392 


29. 378 


29. 475 


29. 329 


.140 


Dec. 24.... 


29. 452 


29. 457 


29. 402 


29:451 


29. 430 


29. 420 


29. 435 


29.415 


29. 403 


29. 395 


29.435 


29. 462 


29. 395 


.007 


Deo. 25 ... 


29. 278 


29. 264 


29. 250 


29. 24 1 


29. 229 


29. 222 


29. 219 


29. 215 


29. 220 


29. 218 


29. 280 


29. 389 


29. 215 


.174' 


Dec. 20... . 


29. 271 


29. 28G 


29. 291 


29. 301 


29. 312 


29. 325 


29. 332 


29. 357 


29. 39S 


29.415 


29.270 


29.415 


29.20S 


.207 


Dec. 27.... 


29. 750 


29. 770 


29. 799 


29. 813 


29. 851 


29. 877 


29. 911 


29. 950 


29. 993 


30. 005 


29.691 


30. 005 


29. 415 


. 590 


Dec. 28 


30. 350 


30. 348 


30. 348 


30.372 


30. 360 


30. 349 


30. 344 


30. 347 


30. 359 


30.340 


30.258 


30.372 


30. 023 


.349 


Dec. 29.... 


30. 145 


30.127 


30. 107 


30. 080 


30. 004 


30. 019 


30. 000 


29. 974 


29. 966 


29. 941 


30. 155 


30. 324 


29. 941 


. 383 


Dec. 30.... 


29.981 


29. 993 


30. 002 


30. 017 


30.014 


30.015 


30. 025 


30. 027 


30. 031 


30. 048 


29. 971 


30. 048 


29. 898 


.150 


Dec. 31.... 


30. 043 


30. 027 


30. 025 


30. 021 


30. 015 


29. 994 


29. 988 


29. 975 


29. 9S0 


29. 905 


3d. 027 


30. 057 


29. 965 


.092 


Means . . 


29.818 


20.850 


29. 849 


29. 849 


29. 841 


29. 836 


29. 834 


29.831 


29. 839 


2D. 835 


29. 837 


29. 919 


29. 723 


.226 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



207 



Tables showing pressure of air at I'ghiamie from October, 1SS1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[BaToraetei above sea, 17 iVet. 'Washington meau time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 miuutes.J 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. in. 


3 a. m. 


1 a. in. 


5 a. in. 


ti a. in. 


7 a. m. 


8 «. m. 


9 a. in. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. in. 


12 m. 


i p. m. 


2 p. m. 


16S2. 

Jan. 1 


29. 96S 


29. 957 


29. 953 


29. D35 


29. 952 


29. 920 


29. 920 


29. 909 


2.1. 909 


29. 895 


29. 023 


29. 897 


29. 918 


29. 887 


JaD. 2 


29. 900 


29. 904 


29 907 


29. 907 


29. 909 


29. 912 


29.912 


29. 892 


29. 897 


29. 888 


29. S57 


29. 845 


29. 869 


29. 875 


Jan. ::.... 


29.791 


29. 792 


29. 703 


29. 749 


29. 701 


29. 707 


29. 704 


20. 751 


29. 750 


29. 753 


29.749 


29. 749 


29. 747 


29. 733 


Jan. 4 


29. 754 


29. 761 


29. 759 


29. 770 


29. 709 


29. 708 


29. 759 


29. 773 


29. 704 


29. 753 


29. 767 


29. 754 


29. 758 


29. 703 


Jan. 5 


29. 791 


29. 792 


29. 7S4 


29. 785 


29. 789 


29. 801 


29. 810 


29. 813 


29. 814 


29. 818 


29. 814 


29. 820 


29. 832 


29. 828 


Jan. 6.... 


29. 759 


29. 755 


29. 774 


29. 795 


29. 822 


29. 842 


29. 861 


23. 851 


29.838 


29. 834 


29. 829 


29. 820 


29. 825 


29.833 


Jan. 7 


29. 85S 


29. 871 


29. 873 


29. tOl 


29. 870 


29. 671 


29. 888 


29. 892 


29. 887 


29. 893 


29. 943 


29. 948 


29. 949 


29. 934 


Jan. 8 


29. 978 


29. 987 


29. 993 


9. ■ 99 


29. 995 


30. 007 


30. 027 


30. 010 


30.015 


30. 022 


30. 020 


30. 028 


30. 033 


30. 032 


Jan. 9 


30. 0S1 


30. 083 


30. 085 


10 ' 


30. 093 


30. 093 


30. 108 


30. 109 


30. 100 


30.115 


30.108 


30. 100 


30. 112 


30.121 


Jan. 10.... 


30. 1C9 


30.167 


30. 170 


30. 180 


30. 184 


30. 184 


30. 185 


30. 171 


30. 153 


30. 139 


30. 138 


30. 145 


30. 101 


30. 145 


Jan.31.... 


30. 068 


30. 003 


30. C4G 


30. 017 


29. 978 


29. 950 


29. 892 


29. 848 


29. 801 


29. 720 


29. GG5 


23. 590 


29.540 


r '9. 479 


Jan. 12.... 


28.821 


28. 770 


28. 721 


28. 002 


28. 597 


28 548 




28.413 


28. 364 


28. 334 


28. 270 


28.266 


28. 298 


28. 32.3 


Jan. 13.... 


28. 750 


28. 797 


28. 837 


28. 87 1 


28. 918 


28. 970 


28. 999 


29. 040 


29. 094 


29.131 


29. 109 


29. 209 


29. 240 


29. 285 


Jan. 14.... 


29. 890 


29. 930 


29. 007 


30. 050 


30. 102 


30. 151 


30. ICG 


.'.." 


30. 271 


30. 280 


30. 326 


30. 370 


30. 402 


30. 421 


Jan. 15 


30. 475 


30. 482 


30. 440 


30. 430 


30. 425 


30. 412 


30. 390 


: 0.374 


30. 353 


30. 344 


30. 316 


30. 295 


30. 281 


30.241 


Jan. 1G.... 


30. 005 


29. 981 


29. 905 


i 


29. 927 


29.919 


29. 830 


29. 880 


29. 874 


29.830 


29. 834 


29.822 


29.819 


29.817 


Jan. 17.... 


29. 780 


29. 787 


29. 780 


29. 780 


29. 708 


29. 704 


29. 750 


29. 731 


29. 724 


29. 717 


29. 717 


29. 723 


21.713 


29. 730 


Jan. Id 


29. 777 


29. 779 


29.770 


29.777 


29. 700 


29.747 


29. 744 




29. 689 


29. 052 


29. 620 


29. G05 


29. 602 


29. 584 


Jan. 10.... 


29. 529 


2:1. 523 


29. 513 


29. 515 


29. 523 


29. 032 


29. 524 


29. 532 


29. 535 


29. 542 


29.548 


29. 555 


29. 070 


29. 579 


Jan. 20.... 


29. 775 


29.794 


29. 809 


29. 850 


29. 801 


29. 8S0 


29. 888 


29. 905 


29. 911 


29. 931 


29. 951 


29. 968 


29. 983 


30. 003 


Jan. 21.... 


30. 171 


30. 171 


30. 171 


30.107 


30. 130 


30. 130 


30. 033 


30. 059 


30. 029 


29. 984 


29. 938 


20. 891 


29. 849 


29. 803 


Jan. 22 


29. 382 


29. 314 


29. 302 


29. 264 


29. 232 


29.191 


29. 136 


29. 080 


29. 074 


.29.031 


29. 034 


23. 997 


29. 034 


28. 980 


Jan. 23 


29.717 


29.718 


29. 5 23 


29.748 


29. 709 


29. 790 


29. 800 


29. 823 


29. 813 


23. 809 


29. 910 


29. 93G 


29. 905 


29. 975 


Jan. 24 


30. 115 


30. 156 


30. 177 


30. 224 


30. 251 


30. 273 


30. 280 


30. 301 


30. 312 


30.321 


30. 352 


30. 351 


30. 351 


30. 305 


Jan. 25 


30. 332 


30. 307 


30. 295 


30.268 


30. 253 


30. 197 


30. 150 


30. 1C0 


30. 003 


30. 007 


29. 90S 


2D. 90S 


29. 869 


29. 830 


Jan. 26.... 


29. 030 


29. 033 


29. 028 


29. 633 


29. 641 


29. G50 


29. 050 


29. 0G6 


29. 681 


29. G97 


29.719 


29. 724 


29. 741 


29.741 


•Jan. 27 


29. 730 


29. 728 


29. 734 


29. 744 


29. 750 


29. 757 


29. 754 


29. 753 


29. 753 


29. 759 


29. 774 


29. 783 


29. 799 


29. 809 


Jan. 28.... 


29. 9SG 


29. 9S4 


29. 9S9 


29. 990 


30. 000 


30. 017 


30. 009 


30. 009 


30. 004 


30. 004 


29. 983 


29. 989 


29. 983 


29. 977 


Jan. 'JO.... 


29. 993 


29. 084 


29. 978 


29.970 


29. 985 


29. 995 


29. 985 


29. 972 


29. 980 


29. 980 


29. 981 


. 29.981 


29 998 


30.001 


Jan. 30.... 


30. 113 


30. 125 


30. 134 


30. 133 


30. 149 


30.101 


30. 101 


30. 158 


30. 158 


30. 159 


30. 155 


30. 144 


30.131 


30. 123 


Jan. 31.... 


29. 873 


29. 837 


29. 797 


29. 750 


29.722 


29. 093 


29. G2S 


29.50G 


29. 539 


29. 501 


29. 472 


29. 438 


29. 408 


29. 304 


Means. . 


29.838 


29. S37 


29. 835 


29. 835 


29. 835 


29. 835 


29. 828 


29. 817 


29. 812 


29. 804 


29. 802 


29. 795 


29.800 


29.793 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 

means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Hange. 


18S2. 
Jan. 1.... 


29. 900 


29. 8R2 


29. 900 


29. 905 


29. 899 


29. 894 


29. 839 


29. 904 


29. 911 


29. 915 


29. 915 


29. 90S 


29. 882 


.086 


Jan. 2.... 


29. 809 


29. 854 


29. 857 


29. 859 


29. 8 iS 


29. 830 


29. 819 


29. 823 


29. 809 


29.817 


29. 809 


29. 912 


29. 809 


.103 


Jan. 3.... 


29. 726 


29. 734 


29. 745 


29. 755 


29. 744 


29. 740 


29. 743 


29. 743 


29. 751 


29. 753 


29. 752 


29. 797 


29. 726 


.071 


Jan. 4 


29. 775 


29. 770 


29. 780 


29. 788 


29. 774 


29. 779 


29. 730 


29. 803 


29. 799 


29.799 


29. 770 


29. 803 


29. 753 


.050 


Jan. 5 


29. 844 


29. 854 


29. 854 


29. 840 


29. 845 


23. 843 


29. 841 


29. 840 


29. 851 


29. 859 


29. S24 


29. 839 


29. 784 


.075 


Jan. 0... 


29. 850 


29. 853 


29. 854 


29. 851 


29. 850 


29. 850 


29. 850 


29. 847 


29. 856 


29. 863 


29. 831 


29. S63 


29. 755 


.303 


Jan. 7.... 


29. 933 


29. 924 


29. 935 


29. 936 


29. 934 


29. 940 


29. 949 


29. 942 


29. 958 


29. 970 


29.915 


29. 970 


29. 853 


.112 


JaD. 8.... 


30. 057 


30. 003 


30.071 


30. 069 


30. 0G4 


30. 003 


30. 063 


39. 074 


30. 009 


30. 072 


30. 034 


30. 072 


29. 978 


.094 


Jan. 9.... 


30. 125 


30. 140 


30. 142 


30.143 


30. 145 


30. 139 


30. 147 


30. 165 


30. 158 


30. 162 


30.119 


30. 102 


30. 081 


.081 


Jan. 10.... 


30.143 


30. 131 


30. 133 


30.128 


30. 120 


30. 113 


30.100 


30. 095 


30. 082 


30. 075 


30. 142 


30. 185 


30. 075 


.110 


Jan 1U... 


29.431 


29. 374 


29. 332 


29. 202 


29. 205 


29.151 


29. 084 


29. 013 


23. 959 


28. 905 


29. 558 


30. 008 


28. 905 


.103 


Jan) 12 


28. 353 


28. 393 


23.447 


28.485 


28. 517 


28. 536 


28 590 


28. C42 


28. 090 


28. 716 


25.51! 


28. 821 


28.266 


.555 


Jan. M ... 


29. 348 


29. 399 


29. 441 


29. 501 


29. 551 


29. 610 


29 600 


29. 72G 


29. 792 


23. 837 


29. 258 


29. 837 


2S. 750 


.081 


Jan. 14... 


30. 402 


30. 4S5 


30. 488 


30. 489 


30. 518 


30.510 


30. 533 


30.519 


30.543 


30.510 


30.325 


30.543 


29. 800 


. 053 


Jan. 15 


30. 222 


30. 212 


30. 182 


30. 145 


30. 140 


30. Ill 


30. 100 


30. 100 


30. 055 


30. 027 


20. 274 


30. 482 


30. 027 


. 455 


Jan. 16 


29. 828 


29. 824 


29. 818 


29. 827 


29. 816 


29. 837 


29. 828 


29. 839 


29. 797 


29. 802 


29. 804 


30. 005 


29. 797 


.£08 


Jan. 17.... 


29.750 


29. 751 


29. 750 


29. 752 


29. 762 


29 765 


29. 770 


29. 708 


29. 773 


29. 77G 


29. 754 


29. 787 


29.713 


.074 


Jan. 18 


29. 599 


23. 5S4 


29. 570 


29. 560 


29. 558 


29. 535 


29. 540 


29. 522 


29 522 


29.519 


29. 039 


29. 779 


29.519 


.260 


Jan. 19.... 


29. 627 


29. 035 


29. 040 


29. 663 


29. 680 


29. G88 


29.712 


29. 720 


29.746 


29 753 


29. 000 


29. 750 


29.513 


.243 


Jan. 20.... 


30. 027 


30. 040 


30. 000 


30. 071 


30. 108 


30. 117 


30. 134 


30. 141 


30. 171 


30.161 


29. 981 


30. 171 


29. 775 


.390 


Jan. 21 


29. 780 


29.754 


29. 742 


29. 732 


29. G95 


29. 646 


29. 014 


29. 536 


29. 487 


29.427 


29. 875 


30.171 


29. 427 


.744 


Jan. 22.... 


23. 084 


29. 1S4 


29. 313 


29. 412 


29. 477 


29. 560 


29. 004 


29. 649 


29. 070 


29. 099 


29. 281 


29. 090 


28. 980 


.704 


Jan. 23 


29. 995 




30.016 


30. 020 


30. 027 


30. 028 


30. 030 


30. 042 


30. 063 


30. 0S5 


29. 913 


30. 085 


29.717 


. 308 


Jan. 24.... 


30. 370 


30. 381 


.30. 38G 


30. 395 


30. 392 


30. 389 


30. 374 


30. 307 


30. 300 


30.344 


30. 317 


30. 3! '5 


30. 115 


. 280 


Jan. 25.... 


29. 810 


29. 792 


29. 751 


29. 733 


29. 703 


29. 681 


29. 0G7 


29. 056 


29.041 


29. 027 


29. 942 


30. 332 


29. 027 


. 705 


Jan 26.... 


29. 750 


29. 759 


29. 752 


29. 749 


29. 751 


29. 750 


29. 750 


29. 739 


29. 741 


29. 734 


29. 705 


29.759 


29. 630 


.129 


Jan. 27.... 


29.855 


29.870 


29. 888 


29. 80S 


29. 914 


29. 929 


29. 951 


29. 945 


29. 969 


29. 979 


29. 820 


29. 979 


29. 728 


.251 


ran. 28.... 


29. 994 


30. 005 


29. 994 


29. 984 


29. 984 


29. 980 


29. 979 


29. 9S9 


29. 998 


29. 990 


29. 993 


30. 017 


29. 977 


. 040 


Jan. 29.... 


30. 023 


30. 020 


30.047 


30. 040 


30. 053 


30. 001 


30. 073 


30. 079 


30. 104 


30. 113 


30.017 


30.113 


29. 972 


.141 


Jan. 30 


30. 00G 


30. 110 


30. 099 


30. 071 


30. 048 


30. 023 


30. 004 


29. 980 


29. 355 


29. 923 


30. 098 


30. 161 


29. 923 


.238 


■ lau. 31.... 


29. 367 


29. 371 


29. 301 


29. 322 


29. 338 


29. 337 


29. 351 


29. 347 


29. 350 


29. 374 


29. 505 


29. 873 


29. 332 


.541 


Means.. 


29. 807 


29.812 


29. 81 S 


29. 820 


29. 821 


29. 821 


29. 824 


29. 825 


29. 827 


29. 82G 


29. 820 


29. 981 


29. 655 


.320 



208 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3— Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 1'ect. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, —5 hours 17 minntcs.J 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 n. m. 


1882. 
Feb. 1-... 


29. 379 


29. 389 


29. 397 


29. 410 


29. 428 


29. 433 


29. 452 


29. 450 


29. 450 


29. 458 


29. 408 


29. 465 


29. 475 


if. 470 


Feb. 2.... 


20.432 


29. 417 


29. 414 


29. 407 


29. 418 


29. 418 


29.411 


29. 393 


29. 383 


29. 370 


29. 355 


29. 340 


29. 330 


29. 327 


Feb. 'A.... 


29. 313 


29. 309 


29. 310 


29. 310 


29. 316 


29. 328 


29. 323 


29. 325 


29. 325 


29. 332 


29. 335 


29. 344 


29. 345 


''9. 355 


Fob. 4.... 


29. 413 


29. 415 


29. 427 


29. 442 


29. 452 


29. 470 


29. 470 


29. 479 


29. 501 


20. 532 


29. 532 


29. 549 


29. 574 


29. eoo 


Feb. 5.... 


29.836 


29.834 


29. 837 


29.829 


29. 820 


29. 811 


29. 793 


29. 794 


29. 769 


29. 751 


29. 714 


29. 704 


29. 689 


29. 607 


Feb. 6.... 


29. 522 


29. 520 


29. 520 


29. 510 


29. 531 


20.530 


29. 523 


29. 515 


29. 515 


29. 510 


29. 501 


29. 500 


29. 501 


29. 514 


Feb. 7.... 


29. 577 


29. 582 


29. 574 


29. 569 


29. 576 


20. 589 


29. 589 


29. 584 


29. 587 


29. 593 


29. 576 


29. 571 


29. 583 


29. 584 


Feb. %.... 


29. C50 


29. C41 


29. 641 


29. 622 


29. 636 


29. 632 


29. 621 


29. 624 


29. 631 


29. 635 


29. 635 


29. 035 


29. 051 


29.654 


Feb. 9.... 


29. 641 


29. 635 


29. 620 


29. 624 


29. 625 


29. 629 


29. 619 


29. 614 


29. 617 


29. 022 


29. 617 


29. C21 


29,630 


-9.041 


Feb. 10.... 


29. 656 


29 631 


29 024 


29. 602 


29. 58S 


29. 577 


29. 563 


29. 554 


29. 548 


29. 544 


29. 542 


29. 528 


29. 540 


29. 554 


Feb. 11.-.. 


29. 819 


29. 833 


29. 849 


29. 869 


29. 880 


29. 904 


29. 915 


29. 925 


29. 927 


29. 949 


29. 950 


29. 953 


29. 981 


29. 992 


Feb. 12.... 


30. 0S3 


30. 071 


30. 076 


30. 073 


30. 074 


30. 065 


30. 049 


30. 040 


30. 029 


30. 016 


29. 993 


29. 969 


29. 9G9 


29. 948 


Feb. 13.... 


29. 830 


29. 820 


29. 814 


29. 807 


29. 807 


29. 803 


29. 796 


29. 796 


29. 804 


29.812 


29. 812 


29.821 


29. 833 


29. 829 


Feb. 14.... 


29. 962 


29. 976 


29. 991 


30. 010 


30. 051 


30.080 


30. 084 


30. 100 


30. 119 


30. 125 


30. 121 


30.130 


30. 132 


30. 149 


Feb. 15.... 


30. 237 


30. 236 


30. 249 


30. 250 


30. 237 


30. 219 


30.194 


30. 179 


30. 142 


30. 099 


30. 078 


30. 084 


30. 0C4 


30. 048 


Feb. 16.... 


29. 973 


29. 990 


29. 956 


29. 928 


29. 914 


29. 875 


29. 839 


29. 777 


29. 739 


29. C85 


29. 624 


29. 614 


29. 589 


29. 539 


Feb. 17.... 


29.476 


29. 477 


29. 459 


29. 470 


29. 490 


29. 485 


29. 512 


29. 538 


29. 577 


29. 013 


29. 620 


29. 050 


29. 673 


29. 690 


Feb. 18.... 


29. 482 


29. 450 


29. 420 


29. 370 


29. 361 


29. 324 


29. 300 


29. 266 


29. 224 


29. 209 


29. 171 


29. 153 


29. 145 


29. 142 


Feb. 19.... 


29. 269 


29. 271 


29. 298 


29. 311 


29. 350 


29. 358 


29. 385 


29. 402 


29. 426 


29. 442 


29. 464 


29. 479 


29. 513 


29. 522 


Feb. 20.... 


29. 658 


29. 060 


29. CG4 


29. 076 


29. 703 


29. 712 


29. 717 


29. 725 


29. 727 


29. 741 


29. 741 


29. 730 


29. 75S 


29. 759 


Feb. 21.... 


29. 885 


29. 894 


29. 902 


29. 915 


29. 921 


29. 941 


29. 946 


29. 905 


29. 982 


29. 984 


29. 989 


29.994 


29. 991 


29. 998 


Feb. 22.... 


30. 113 


30. 107 


30. 101 


30. 101 


30. 108 


30.119 


30. 12G 


30. 126 


30. 134 


30. 142 


30. 149 


30.155 


30. 158 


30. 161 




30.254 


30. 203 


30. 203 


30. 257 


30. 257 


30. 202 


30. 268 


30.269 


30. 259 


30. 250 


30. 232 


30.211 


30. 199 


30. 175 


Feb. 24.... 


30. 053 


30. 04G 


30. 034 


30. 030 


30. 021 


30. 013 


30. 003 


30. 004 


29. 987 


29. 988 


29. 988 


2! 1.979 


29. 963 


29. 903 


Feb. 25.... 


29. 935 


29. 933 


29. 932 


29. 923 


29. 926 


29. 919 


29. 901 


29. 887 


29. 878 


29. S56 


29. 820 


29. 802 


29. 785 


29. 772 


Feb. 26.... 


29. 677 


29. 668 


29. 670 


29. 665 


29. 665 


29. G07 


29. 662 


29. 662 


29. 654 


29. 637 


29. 621 


29. 608 


29. 581 


29. 549 


Feb. 27.... 


29. 348 


29. 333 


29. 339 


29. 333 


29. 330 


29. 324 


29. 332 


29. 353 


29. 387 


29. 429 


29. 451 


29. 494 


-9. 529 


29, 562 


Feb. 28.... 


29. 604 


29. 591 


29. 551 


29. 513 


29. 489 


29. 431 


29. 389 


29. 337 


29. 2S9 


29. 237 


29. 168 


29. 109 


29. 032 


29. 051 


Mean s.- 


29. 712 


29. 714 


29.712 


29. 708 


29. 714 


29. 712 


29. 706 


29. 703 


29. 701 


29. 699 


29. CS8 


29.0S(i 


29.6'>G 


29. 687 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


-1 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


- 
(i p. ni. 


7 p. m. 


Sp. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


11 in. 


Range. 


1882. 
Feb. 1.... 


29. 443 


29. 470 


29. 470 


29. 483 


29. 476 


29. 478 


29. 476 


29. 407 


29. 437 


29. 439 


29. 449 


29.483 


29. 379 


.104 


Feb. 2.... 


29. 332 


29. 346 


29. 350 


29. 353 


29. 354 


29. 345 


29. 341 


29. 332 


29.316 


29. 310 


29. 307 


29. 432 


29. 316 


.130 


Feb. 3.... 


29. 358 


29. 367 


29. 374 


29. 390 


29. 394 


29. 395 


29. 402 


29. 403 


29. 412 


29. 402 


29. 353 


29. 412 


29. 309 


. 103 


Feb. 4.... 


29. 630 


29. 616 


29. 091 


29. 721 


24. 748 


29. 760 


29. 788 


29. 806 


29. 812 


29. 831 


29. 590 


29. 831 


29.413 


. 418 


Feb. 5.... 


29. G42 


29. 027 


29. 014 


29. 602 


29. 587 


29. 579 


29. 570 


29. 563 


29. 535 


29. 537 


29. 096 


29. 837 


29. 535 


.302 


Feb. 6.... 


29. 526 


29. 538 


29. 555 


29. 562 


29. 568 


29. 572 


29. 575 


29. 580 


29. 569 


29. 507 


29. 535 


29. 580 


29. 500 


.080 


Feb. 7.... 


29. 593 


29. 594 


29. 606 


29. 612 


29. 621 


29. 628 


29. 683 


29. 647 


29. 028 


29. 654 


29. 598 


29. 054 


29. 569 


.085 


Feb. 8.... 


29. 657 


29. 669 


29. 701 


29. 704 


29. 693 


29. 689 


29. G85 


29. 670 


29. 656 


29. 641 


29. 653 


29. 704 


29. 021 


.083 


Feb. 9..-. 


29. 656 


29. 071 


29. 090 


29. 099 


29. 712 


29. 713 


29. 694 


29. 704 


29. 681 


29. 670 


29. 652 


29. 713 


29. 614 


.099 


Feb. 10.... 


29. 591 


29. 617 


29. 659 


29. 687 


29. 707 


29. 728 


29. 750 


29. 702 


29. 706 


29. 781 


29 029 


29. 781 


20.52? 


.253 


Feb. 11.... 


30. 001 


30. 003 


30. 030 


30. 043 


30. 063 


30. 061 


30. 068 


30. 083 


30. 073 


30. 073 


29. 969 


30. 083 


29. 819 


.264 


Feb. 12.... 


29. 946 


29. 909 


29. 935 


29. 929 


29. 923 


29. 898 


29. S95 


29. 884 


29. 852 


29. 853 


29. 97S 


30. 083 


29. S52 


.231 


Feb. 13.... 


29. 851 


29. 845 


29. 86S 


29. 884 


29. 904 


29. 924 


29. 939 


29. 940 


29. 930 


29. 957 


29. 851 


29. 957 


29. 790 


.161 


Feb. 14.... 


30. 166 


30. 156 


30. 190 


30. 218 


30. 219 


30. 227 


30. 224 


30. 233 


30. 221 


30. 211 


30. 131 


30. 241 


29. 362 


.279 


Feb. 15.... 


30. 041 


30. 067 


30. 015 


30. 071 


30. 066 


30. 009 


30. 070 


30. 008 


30. 031 


30. 029 


30. 119 


30. 250 


DO. 009 


.241 


Feb. 16... . 


29. 514 


29. 520 


29. 523 


29. 533 


29. 534 


29. 534 


29. 527 


29.512 


29. 507 


29. 490 


29. 677 


29. 990 


29. 490 


.494 


Feb. 17.... 


29. 684 


29. 659 


29. 662 


29. 666 


29. 661 


29. 637 


29. GOO 


29. 573 


29. 537 


29. 517 


29. 581 


29. 090 


29. 459 


.231 


Feb. 18.... 


29. 146 


29.349 


29. 1G1 


29. 165 


29. 181 


29. 193 


29. 196 


29. 211 


29. 224 


29. 244 


29. 246 


29.482 


29. 142 


.340 


Feb. 19.... 


29. 538 


29. 542 


29. £65 


29. 582 


29. 592 


29. 594 


29. 602 


29. 627 


29. 035 


29. 041 


29. 475 


29. 641 


29. 203 


.372 


Feb. 20.... 


29. 757 


29. 779 


29. 793 


29. 800 


29. 817 


29. 821 


29. 841 


29. S60 


29. 854 


29. 869 


29. 757 


29. S09 


29. 058 


.211 


Feb. 21.... 


30. 021 


30. 059 


30.064 


30. 066 


30. 009 


30. 070 


30. 009 


30. 081 


30. 098 


30. 094 


30. 000 


30. 098 


29. 885 


. 213 


Feb. 22.... 


30. 175 


30. 189 


30. 187 


30. 183 


30.191 


30. 202 


30. 230 


30. 248 


30. 255 


30. 257 


30. 163 


30. 257 


30. 101 


.150 


Feb. 23.... 


30. 175 


30.104 


30. 160 


30. 147 


30. 144 


30. 128 


30. 109 


30. 107 


30. 082 


30. 067 


30.19« 


30.209 


30. 067 


.202 


Feb. 24.... 


29. 959 


29. 959 


29. 956 


29. 956 


29. 971 


29. 971 


29. 959 


29. 956 


29. 956 


29. 903 


29. 9S7 


o». 053 


29. 956 


.097 


Feb. 25.... 


29. 702 


29. 738 


29. 731 


29. 733 


29. 734 


29. 732 


29. 720 


29. 710 


29. 383 


29. 682 


2n. m 


29. 935 


29. D82 


.253 


Feb. 26.... 


29. 538 


29. 508 


29.502 


29.480 


29. 455 


29. 429 


29.408 


29. 392 


29. 360 


29. 34S 


29. 559 


29. 677 


20. 348 


.329 


Feb. 27.... 


29. 595 


29. 6S0 


29.640 


29. 662 


29. 674 


25. 686 


29. 679 


29. 679 


29. 002 


29. 651 


29. 504 


29. 680 


29. 324 


.3CJ 


Feb. 28.... 


29. 033 


28.999 


28.997 


28. 999 


29. 007 


29. 014 


29. 032 


29. 041 


29. 047 


29. 051 


29.209 


29. 004 


28.997 


.607 


Means . . 


29. 090 


29.693 


29. 703 


29. 712 


29. 717 


29. 717 


29. 718 


29.719 


29. 708 


29. 710 


29. 705 


29. 832 


29. 593 


.239 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 



209 



Talks slio wing pressure of air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881, to August^lS&S — Continued. 

! Barometer aboi c sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 Lours 17 minutes.] 



Bate. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. a. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


1882. 
Mar. 1... 


29.072 


29. 091 


29. Ill 


29. 137 


29. 15G 


29. 182 


29. 220 


29. 22G 


29. 257 


29. 285 


29. 299 


29. 316 


29. 331 


29. 357 


Mar. 2 ... 


29. 394 


29. 410 


29.414 


29. 4G1 


29. 505 


29. 544 


29. 574 


29. GOO 


29. 028 


29. G53 


29. G55 


29. GG7 


29. 084 


29. 707 


Mar. 3 . . . 


29. 762 


29. 74G 


29. 735 


20. 729 


29. 731 


29.721 


29. 716 


29. 711 


29. 709 


29. 725 


29. 721 


29. 723 


29. 744 


29. 751 


Mar. 4... 


29. 951 


29. 9S0 


29. 973 


29. 983 


29. 981 


29. 991 


29. 999 


30. 002 


30. 007 


30. 001 


20. 993 


29. 990 


29. 990 


29. 999 


Mar. 5 . .. 


29. 902 


29. 900 


29. 886 


29. S87 


29. 901 


29. 881 


29. 877 


29. 807 


29. 865 


29. 846 


29. 841 


29. 851 


29. 840 


29. 841 


Mar. 0... 


29. 945 


29. 950 


29. 962 


29. 9G8 


29. 9S3 


29. 999 


30. 005 


30. 006 


30. 011 


30. 011 


30. 005 


29. 988 


29. 988 


29. 987 


Mar. 7 ... 


29. 992 


30. 005 


30. 013 


30. 030 


30. 045 


30. 054 


30. 007 


30. 088 


30. 088 


30. 09G 


30. 09G 


30. 071 


30. 070 


30. 0GG 


Mar. 8... 


29. 980 


29. 9G3 


29. 954 


29. 934 


29. 919 


29. S01 


29. 878 


29. 851 


29. 834 


29. 813 


29. 780 


29. 77G 


29.751 


29.710 


Mar. 9 . . . 


29. 777 


29. 785 


29. 707 


29. 775 


29. 785 


29. 785 


29. 759 


29. 743 


29. 734 


29. 724 


29. 702 


29. GS9 


29. 693 


29. 721 


Mar. 10 . .. 


29. 770 


29. 782 


29. 773 


29. 773 


29. 782 


29.784 


29. 777 


29. 780 


29. 7SG 


29. 7S9 


29.781 


29. 770 


29. 770 


24. 779 


Mar. 11... 


29. 7SG 


29. S00 


29. 827 


29. 852 


29. 875 


29. 90S 


29. 925 


29. 943 


29. 967 


29. 992 


30. 026 


30. 051 


30. 084 


30.113 


Mar. 12 . . . 


30. 320 


30. 320 


30. 328 


30. 321 


30. 323 


30. 314 


30. 285 


30. 255 


30.215 


30. 189 


30. 143 


30. 121 


30. 08G 


30. 055 


Mar. 13 ... 


30. 201 


30. 28G 


30. 351 


30. 411 


30. 459 


30. 508 


30. 542 


30. 583 


30. 597 


30. 601 


30. 5S9 


30. 574 


30. 563 


30. 536 


Mar. 14... 


30.188 


30. 107 


30. 1G0 


30. 148 


30.155 


30. 151 


30. 141 


30. 131 


30.122 


30.113 


30. 097 


30. 079 


30. 071 


30. 051 


Mar. 15... 


30. 346 


30. 3S0 


30. 415 


30. 45G 


30. 50G 


30. 534 


20. 552 


30. 586 


30. 618 


30. 017 


30. 643 


30. 649 


30. 073 


30. GSO 


Mar. 10... 


30. OSS 


30 090 


30. 683 


30,G80 


30. 680 


30. 664 


30. 0G0 


30. 642 


30. 631 


30. 632 


30. 033 


30. GIG 


30. 009 


30. 590 


Mar. 17... 


30. 517 


30. 510 


30. 4?9 


30. 472 


30. 496 


30. 502 


30. 479 


30. 403 


30. 403 


30. 447 


30. 453 


30.413 


30.424 


30. 398 


Mar. 18... 


SO. 2S6 


30. 257 


30. 243 


30. 229 


30. 208 


30. 187 


30.152 


30. 135 


30. 117 


30. 092 


30. 068 


30. 05G 


30. 029 


30. 01'J 


Mar. 19 . . . 


29. 998 


30. 027 


30. 032 


30. 055 


30. 0S7 


30.112 


30. 135 


30. 162 


30. 184 


30. 224 


30. 242 


30. 207 


" 30.281 


30. 293 


Mar. 20 . . . 


30. 3M. 


30. 3GG 


30. 373 


30. 408 


30. 424 


30. 438 


30.470 


30. 489 


30. 513 


30. 525 


30. 525 


30. 529 


30. 542 


30. 542 


Mar. 21 . . . 


30. 470 


30. 451 


30. 445 


30. 43S 


30. 435 


30. 143 


30.431 


30. 42G 


30. 406 


30. 386 


30. 374 


30. 373 


30. 304 


30. 3GS 




30. 032 


30. 017 


29. 997 


29. 900 


29. 934 


29. 914 


29. 879 


29. 807 


29. 853 


29. 842 


29. S32 


29. 811 


29. 79G 


29. 783 


Mar. 23... 


29. 734 


29. 728 


29.709 


29. G92 


29. C82 


29. 062 


29. G48 


29. 045 


29. 036 


29. 627 


29. 025 


29. 017 


29. G07 


29. 599 


Mar. 24... 


29. 710 


29.715 


29. 742 


29. 740 


29. 752 


29. 785 


29. 803 


29. SIS 


29. 823 


29. 827 


29. 834 


29. 839 


29. 84G 


29. 853 


Mar. 23 . . . 


29. 950 


29. 9G0 


29. 966 


29. 974 


29. 992 


29. 997 


29. 993 


29. 997 


30. 005 


30. 012 


30. 009 


30. 008 


30. 031 


30. 034 


Mar.SG... 


30. 053 


30. 010 


30. 030 


30. 032 


30. 039 


30. 037 


30. 027 


30.015 


29. 994 


29. 988 


29. 988 


29. 994 


29. 994 


30. 001 


Mar. 27... 


29. 943 


29. 973 


29. 988 


30. 002 


30. 034 


30. 045 


30. 053 


30. 0G3 


30. 085 


30. 101 


30. 115 


30. 133 


30. 149 


30. 105 


Mar. 28... 


30. 319 


30. 335 


30.358. 


30. 361 


30. 380 


30. 381 


30. 372 


30. 384 


30. 386 


30. 380 


30. 309 


30. 35G 


30. 340 


30. 335 


Mar. 29 . . . 


30.139 


30. 120 


30. 115 


30. 108 


30. 089 


30. 082 


30. 069 


30. 057 


30. 029 


30. 014 


29. 979 


29. 957 


29. 935 


29.925 


Mar. 30 . . . 


29. 877 


29. 911 


29. 924 


29. 941 


29. 907 


30. 000 


30. 014 


30. 032 


39. 0G2 


30. 075 


30. 089 


30. 089 


30. 121 


30. 14G 


Mar. 31 . . . 


30. 300 


30. 317 


30. 323 


30. 320 


30. 323 


30. 324 


30. 317 


30. 312 


30. 313 


30. 290 


30. 285 


30. 277 


30. 270 


SO. 202 : 


Means . . 


30.026 


30. 032 


30. 035 


30. 041 


30. 053 


30. 059 


30. 059 


30. 001 


30. 063 


30. 002 


30. 058 


30. 053 


30. 051 


30. 055 



Date. 


3 p. ru. 


4 p. in. 


5 p. m. 


(J j>- m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean's. 


Max. 


Min. 


Hangc. 


1882. 
Mar. 1... 


29. 373 


29. 375 


29. 402 


29. 402 


29. 399 


29. 409 


29. 402 


29. 400 


29. 383 


29. 393 


29.291 


29. 409 


29.072 


.337 


Mar. 2... 


29. 737 


29. 744 


29. 756 


29. 709 


29.771 


29. 777 


29. 786 


29. 793 


29. 788 


29. 767 


29. 649 


29. 793 


29. 394 


.399 


Mar. 3 . . . 


29. 788 


29. 795 


29. 821 


29. 842 


29. S62 


29. 885 


29. 903 


29. 921 


29. 914 


29. 937 


29. 787 


29. 937 


29. 709 


.228 


Mar. i ... 


29. 997 


29. 9S8 


29. 980 


29. 97G 


29. 973 


29. 969 


29. 954 


29. 940 


29. 912 


29. 923 


29. 977 


30. 007 


29. 912 


.095 


Mar. 5... 


29. 85G 


29. 835 


29. 857 


29. 859 


29. 8G8 


29. 892 


29. 905 


29. 914 


29. 915 


29. 905 


29. 876 


29. 915 


29. 840 


.075 


Mar. 6... 


29. 983 


29. 956 


29. 901 


29. 971 


29. 079 


29. 979 


29. 979 


29. 985 


29. 967 


29. 971 


20. 981 


30. 00G 


29. 945 


.001 


Mar. 7 ... 


•30. 068 


30. 000 


30. 080 


30. 074 


30. 061 


30. 055 


30. 046 


30. 039 


30. 010 


29. 995 


30. 053 


30. 09G 


29. 992 


.104 


Mar. 8... 


29. 749 


29. 754 


29. 764 


29. 703 


29. 773 


29. 776 


29. 776 


29. 781 


29. 796 


29. 801 


29. 820 


29. 9S0 


29. 740 


.234 


Mar. 9... 


29. 744 


29. 762 


29. 804 


29.810 


29.812 


29. 832 


29. 826 


29. 810 


29. 796 


29. 779 


29. 7G8 


29. 832 


29. G89 


.143 


Mar. 10... 


29. 795 


29. 791 


29. 796 


29. 795 


29. 793 


29. 793 


29. 793 


29. 792 


29. 790 


29. 787 


29. 785 


29. 790 


29. 770 


. 026 


Mar. 11... 


30. 138 


30. 175 


30. 200 


30. 235 


30. 259 


30. 276 


30. 2S5 


30. 302 


30. 307 


30. 325 


30. 069 


30. 325 


29. 78G 


.539 


Mar. 12... 


30. 030 


30. 005 


29. 969 


29. 922 


29. 904 


29. 877 


29. 89G 


29. 954 


30. 054 


30.131 


30. 126 


30. 32S 


29. 877 


.151 


Mar. 13 . . . 


30. 516 


30. 474 


30. 422 


30. 371 


30. 303 


30. 283 


30. 248 


30. 227 


30. 189 


30. 175 


30. 417 


30. 001 


30. 175 


.42G 


Mar. 14 ... 


30. 067 


30. 059 


30. 070 


30. 091 


30. 100 


30.138 


30. 177 


30. 216 


30. 251 


30. 30G 


30.130 


30. 306 


30. 051 


. 255 


Mar. 15 . . . 


30. 696 


30. 704 


30.715 


30. 718 


30. 723 


30. 71G 


30. 713 


30. 703 


30. 701 


30. G97 


30. G14 


30. 723 


30. 346 


. 377 


Mar. 16 . . . 


30. 587 


30. 582 


30. 580 


30. 573 


30. 570 


30. 553 


30. 541 


30. 538 


30. 524 


30. 519 


30. G12 


30. 090 


30. 519 


.171 


Mar. 17 ... 


30. 388 


30. 387 


30. 405 


30. 407 


30. 403 


30. 383 


30. 349 


30. 337 


30.310 


30. 208 


30.425 


30. 517 


30. 298 


.219 


Mar. 18 . . . 


30. 009 


29. 993 


29. 999 


29. 987 


29. 978 


29. 978 


29. 981 


29. 98G 


29. 991 


30. 000 


30. 082 


30. 286 


29. 978 


.308 


Mar. 19 . . . 


30. 309 


30. 313 


30. 332 


30. 340 


30. 343 


30. 347 


30. 34G 


30.343 


30. 332 


30. 339 


30. 227 


30. 347 


29. 998 


.349 


Mar. 20 . . . 


30.543 


30. 530 


30. 535 


30. 534 


30. 534 


30. 531 


30. 522 


30. 504 


30.482 


30. 4C9 


30.4S7 


30.543 


30. 351 


.192 


Mar. 21... 


30. 358 


30. 345 


30. 335 


30. 31G 


30. 307 


30. 278 


30. 244 


30. 203 


30. 127 


30. 102 


30. 351 


30. 470 


. 30. 102 


.368 


Mar. 22... 


29. 779 


29. 773 


. 29.766 


29. 764 


29. 759 


29. 757 


29. 756 


29. 751 


29. 749 


29. 734 


29. 839 


30. 052 


29. 734 


.318 


Mar. 23... 


29. 584 


29. 594 


29. 009 


29. 609 


29. 014 


29. C30 


29. G45 


29. 665 


29. GSO 


29. 697 


29. 047 


29. 734 


29. 5S4 


.150 


Mar.24... 


29. 868 


29. 871 


29. 87G 


29. 882 


29. 883 


29. 899 


29. S09 


29. 937 


29. 932 


29. 956 


29. 838 


29. 95G 


29. 710 


.246 


Mar. 25 . . . 


30. 045 


30. 057 


30. CG4 


30. 007 


30. 003 


30. 061 


30. 001 


30. 002 


30. 050 


30. 050 


30. 022 


30. 067 


29. 950 


.117 


Mar. 20 . . . 


29. 983 


29. 981 


29. 977 


29. 972 


29. 971 


29. 969 


29. 972 


29. 977 


29. 958 


29. 959 


29. 997 


30. 053 


29. 959 


.094 


Mar. 27 . . . 


30. 189 


30. 207 


30. 228 


30. 258 


30. 200 


30. 268 


30. 282 


30. 294 


30. 293 


30. 323 


30. 144 


30. 323 


29. 942 


.351 


•Mar. 28... 


30. 325 


30. 312 


30. 309 


30. 293 


30. 270 


30. 219 


30. 229 


30.213 


30.171 


30. 145 


30.310 


30. 38G 


30. 145 


.241 


Mar. 29 . . . 


29. 925 


29. 913 


29. 905 


29. 902 


29. 905 


29. 899 


29. 901 


29. 891 


29. 807 


29. 865 


29. 983 


30.139 


29. 805 


.274 


Mar. 30... 


30.170 


30. 201 


30. 22G 


30.248 


30. 205 


30. 275 


30. 280 


30. 295 


30. 293 


30. 295 


30. 117 


30. 205 


29. 877 


.418 


Mar. 31... 


30. 2G1 


30. 257 


30. 205 


30. 2G1 


30. 252 


30.244 


30. 235 


30. 229 


30. 225 


30. 234 


30. 280 


30. 325 


30. 225 


.100 


Means.. 


30. OS0 


30. 059 


30. 005 


30.097 


30. 0G3 


30. 004 


30. 0G3 


30.097 


30. 057 


30. 001 


30. 050 


30. 103 


2 J. 921 


. 243 



H. Ex. 44 27 



210 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tables shotting pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 lioura 17 minutes.] 



Hate. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


a. m. 


1 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a.m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. in. 


2 p. m. 


1882. 
Apr. 1.... 


30. 235 


30.240 


30. 232 


30. 229 


30. 234 


30. 237 


30. 227 


30. 224 


30. 209 


30. 197 


30. 190 


30. 174 


30.177 


30. 184 


Apr. 2.... 


30. 020 


29. 990 


30. 004 


29. 977 


29. 977 


29. 867 


29. 955 


29. 935 


29.913 


29. 90G 


29. 898 


29. 879 


29. 877 


29. 872 


Apr. :s 


20. 831 


29. 820 


29. 823 


29. 821 


29. 834 


29. S34 


29. 827 


29. S20 


29. 829 


29. 82G 


29. 815 


29. 818 


29. 808 


29. 808 


Apr. 4 


29. 807 


29. S04 


29. 815 


29.819 


29. 829 


29. 832 


29. 828 


29. 829 


■ 29.830 


29. 833 


29. 833 


29. 833 


29. 8:::; 


29. 840 


Apr. 5 


20. 870 


29. S70 


29. 879 


29. 895 


29. 917 


29. 919 


29. 931 


29. 930 


29. 944 


29. 948 


29. 955 


29. 967 


29. 984 


29. 991 


Apr. fi — 


20. SOS 


30.C21 


30. 020 


30.010 


30. 028 


30. 028 


30. 019 


30. OOG 


' 30.001 


29. 997 


29. 980 


29. 962 


29. 962 


29. 959 


Apr. 7.... 


20. 774 


20. 764 


29. 754 


29. 735 


29. 725 


29. 701 


29. 681 


29. 071 


29. 003 


29. 031 


29. 011 


29. 589 


29. 571 


29.661 


Apr. 8.... 


29. 458 


29.453 


29. 457 


29. 444 


29. 445 


29.441 


29. 439 


29. 442 


29. 439 


29. 437 


29. 420 


29.406 


29.419 


29 422 


Apr. 9 


20.430 


29. 431 


20.43!) 


29. 440 


29. 458 


29.407 


29. 470 


29.492 


29.490 


29.483 


29. 482 


29. 490 


29.494 


29. 494 


Apr. 11).... 


29.013 


29. 020 


29.045 


29. G57 


29. 0S7 


29. 702 


29.71G 


29. 729 


29. 743 


29. 771 


29. 793 


29. 809 


29. 829 


29. 858 


Apr. 11.... 


30. 073 


30. 091 


30.325 


30.139 


30. 103 


30. 175 


30. 180 


30. 104 


30. 220 


30. 222 


30. 230 


30. 231 


30. 232 


30. 205 


Apr. 12.... 


30. 189 


30. 185 


30. 178 


30.170 


30.179 


30. 108 


30. 150 


30. 142 


30. 139 


30. 131 


30. 117 


30.110 


30. C92 


30. 0S4 


Apr. 13 


29.921 


29. 900 


29. 901 


29. 895 


29. 892 


29. 882 


29. 861 


29. 843 


29. 823 


29. 811 


29. 810 


29. SU 


29. 817 


29. 839 




29. 947 


29. 954 


29. 302 


29. 907 


29. 990 


29. 991 


29. 988 


29. 997 


29. 994 


30. 000 


30. 000 


30. 005 


29. 989 


30. 000 


Apr. 15 


29. 972 


29. 983 


29. 971 


29. 907 


29. 954 


29. 947 


29. 928 


29. 931 


29. 913 


29. 900 


29. 901 


29. 883 


29. 881 


29. 870 


Apr. 10.... 


29. 805 


29. S1G 


29. 815 


29. 802 


29. 808 


29. 803 


29. 801 


29. 788 


29. 791 


29. 783 


29. 774 


29. 709 


29. 773 


29. 765 


Apr. 17.... 


29. 801 


20. 804 


29. 831 


29. 833 


29. 841 


29. 851 


29. 859 


29. see 


29. 877 


29. 899 


29. 915 


29.919 


29. 92S 


29. 945 


Apr. 18.... 


30.011 


30. 020 


30. 038 


30. 043 


30. 050 


30. 057 


30. 041 


30. 027 


30. 033 


30. 025 


30. 029 


30. 008 


29. 99G 


29. 994 


Apr. If).... 


29. 901 


29. 905 


29. 897 


29. 902 


29. 907 


29. 912 


29. 900 


29. 893 


29. 888 


29. 88G 


29. 877 


29. 8G7 


29. 8G0 


29. 853 


Apr. 20.... 


29. 799 


20. 795 


29. 803 


29.800 


29. 800 


29. 798 


29. 7S9 


29. 787 


29. 784 


29. 771 


29. 7GG 


29. 759 


29. 755 


29. 753 


Apr. 21.... 


29. 722 


29. 722 


29. 738 


29. 730 


29. 741 


29. 738 


29. 737 


29. 735 


29. 732 


29. 734 


29. 724 


29. 714 


29. 715 


29.711 


Apr. 22.... 


29. 047 


23. G51 


29. 001 


29. 050 


29. 070 


29. 081 


29. G78 


29. G79 


29. 082 


29. 088 


29. 704 


29.7)4 


29. 71G 


29. 720 


Apr. 23.... 


30. 003 


30. 020 


30. 000 


30. 0S1 


30. 100 


30. 127 


30.134 


30. 145 


30. 157 


30. 155 


30.156 


30.157 


30. 15G 


30. 145 


Apr. 24.... 


29. 909 


20. 965 


29. 953 


29. 950 


29. BG5 


29. 958 


29. 944 


29. 921 


29. 893 


29. 879 


29. 87G 


29. 850 


29. 844 


29.840 


Apr. 25 


29. 88G 


29. 903 


29. 924 


29. 932 


29. 948 


29. 959 


29. 971 


29. 976 


29. 993 


29. 999 


30. 011 


30. 015 


30. 022 


30. 032 


Apr. 20.... 


30. 003 


30. 005 


30. 083 


30. 085 


30. 095 


30. 103 


30. 100 


30. 109 


30. 128 


30. 140 


30. 147 


30. 149 


30. 158 


30. 108 


Apr. 27.... 


30. 231 


30. 250 


30. 204 


30. 271 


30. 299 


30. 313 


30.313 


30. 319 


30. 328 


30. 339 


30. 330 


30. 334 


30. 342 


30. 343 


Apr. 28.... 


30. 370 


30. 378 


30. 392 


30.411 


30. 443 


30. 44G 


30.455 


30. 402 


30. 485 


30. 505 


30. 520 


30. 530 


30. 532 


30. 531 


Apr. 29 


30. 518 


30. 530 


30. 530 


30. 539 


30. 530 


30. 543 


30. 537 


30. 524 


30. 521 


30. 512 


30. 502 


30. 502 


30. 490 


30. 482 


Apr. 30.... 


30. 293 


30. 305 


30. 328 


30. 300 


30. 39G 


30. 42S 


30. 450 


30. 480 


30. 500 


30. 520 


30. 52G 


30. 530 


30. 538 


30. 540 


Means .. 


29.930 


29. 943 


29. 951 


29. 953 


29. 964 


29. 9C7 


29. 9G4 


29. 963 


20. 965 


29. 904 


29. 904 


29. 360 


20. 960 


29. CG2 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p.m. 


p. m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 J), m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eango. 


18S2. 
Apr. 1.... 


30. 169 


30. 175 


30. 148 


30. 144 


30. 135 


30. 117 


30. 101 


30. 087 


30.017 


3C. 037 


30. 173 


30.210 


30. 037 


. 203 


Apr. 2 


29. 862 


29. 854 


29. 857 


29. 807 


29. 806 


29. 805 


29. 842 


29. 845 


29. 827 


29. 824 


29. 904 


30. 029 


29. 824 


.205 


Apr. 3 


29.813 


29. 814 


29.819 


29. S19 


29. 809 


29. 800 


29. 808 


29. 809 


29. 800 


29. 802 


29. 817 


29. 834 


29. 800 


.034 


Apr. 4 


29. 851 


29. 848 


20. S53 


29. 803 


29. 8G3 


29. 804 


29. 869 


29. 869 


29. 847 


29. 803 


29. 840 


29. 809 


29. 804 


.065 


Apr. 5 ... 


29. 998 


30.011 


30. 010 


30. 024 


30. 031 


30. 037 


30. 029 


30. 035 


30. 001 


30. 008 


29. 9G7 


30. 037 


29. 870 


.1G1 


Apr. 


29. 933 


29. 937 


29. 939 


29. 931 


29. 922 


29. 909 


29. 887 


29. 877 


29. S01 


29. 800 


29. 95G 


30. 028 


29. 800 


.228 


Apr. 7.... 


29. 540 


29. 530 


29. 530 


29. 530 


29. 518 


29. 500 


29.480 


29. 473 


29. 459 


29. 452 


29. 003 


29. 774 


29. 452 


. 322 


Apr. 8 


29. 430 


29. 43G 


29.438 


29. 429 


29. 425 


29. 424 


29. 430 


29. 442 


29. 429 


29. 424 


29.4.!5 


29. 458 


29.400 


.052 


Apr. 9.... 


29. 506 


29.518 


29. 540 


29. 563 


29. 582 


29. 582 


29. 570 


29. 584 


29. 580 


29. 005 


29. 508 


29. 605 


29.430 


.175 


Apr. 10 


29. 881 


2!). 905 


29. 928 


1 29.919 


29. 973 


29. 991 


30. 018 


30. 02G 


30. 040 


30. 0G0 


29. 83) 


30. 000 


29. 613 


.447 


Apr. 1) 


30. 244 


30. 244 


30. 251 


30. 255 


30. 245 


30. 233 


30. 223 


30. 222 


3C. 204 


30. 200 


30. 202 


30. 255 


30. 073 


.1S2 


Apr. 12.... 


30. 082 


30. 072 


30. 057 


30. 039 


30.014 


30. 005 


29. 998 


29. 979 


29. 942 


29. 936 


30. 090 


30. 189 


29. 930 


. 253 


Apr. 13 


29. 852 


29. 858 


29. 884 


2!). 890 


29. 916 


29. 927 


29. 929 


29. 935 


29. 934 


29. 942 


29. 879 


29. 942 


29.810 


. 132 


Apr. 14.... 


30.0)3 


30.019 


30. 017 


30. 011 


30. 009 


29. 996 


29. 981 


29. 9S3 


29. 9G5 


29. 970 


29. 891 


30. 019 


29. 947 


.072 


Apr. 15 


29. S81 


29. 860 


29. 879 


29. 884 


29. 873 


29. 867 


29. 850 


29. S49 


29. 828 


29. S13 


29. 900 


29. 983 


29. 813 


.170 


Apr.lG 


29. 770 


29.778 


29. 785 


29. 78S 


29. 776 


29. 777 


29. 790 


29.790 


29. 785 


29. 790 


29. 789 


29. 81G 


29. 705 


. 051 


Apr. 17.... 


29. 957 


29. 908 


29. 9S3 


29. 994 


29. 99S 


30. 000 


30. 003 


30. 01G 


30. 027 


30. 005 


29. 922 


30. 027 


29. 801 


.220 


Apr. IS.... 


29. 984 


29. 982 


29. 980 


29. 97 L 


29. 970 


29. 905 


29. 955 


29. 951 


29. 918 


29. 915 


29. 999 


30. 057 


29.915 


.142 


Apr. 19 


29. 855 


29. 854 


29. 840 


29. S39 


29. 839 


29. 839 


29. 834 


29. 814 


29. 809 


29. 801 


29. 86G 


29. 912 


29. 801 


.111 


Apr. 20 


29. 754 


29. 753 


29. 701 


29. 701 


29. 751 


29.751 


29. 741 


29.751 


29. 734 


29. 733 


29. 709 


29. 803 


29. 733 


.070 


Apr.21.... 


29. 715 


29. 707 


29.712 


29. 715 


29. 702 


29. 087 


29. 674 


29. 069 


29. G39 


29. 051 


23. 712 


29. 741 


29. G51 


.090 


Apr. 22 


29.741 


29. 757 


29. 797 


29.810 


29. 848 


29. S78 


29. 909 


29. 939 


29. 951 


29. 980 


29. 757 


29. 980 


29.017 


.333 


Apr. 23 


30. 144 


30. 140 


30. 130 


30. 099 


30. 091 


30. 078 


30. 003 


30.041 


30. OOG 


29. 989 


30. 100 


30. 157 


29. 989 


.168 


Apr. 24 


29. 854 


29. 862 


29. 870 


23. 807 


29. 862 


29. 805 


29. 858 


29. 875 


29. 80G 


29. S81 


29. 895 


29. 969 


29. 840 


.129 


Apr. 25 


30. 045 


30. 045 


30. 050 


30. 005 


30. 0G4 


30. 059 


30. 003 


30. 081 


30. 0S1 


30. 008 


30. O0S 


30.081 


29. 88G 


.195 


Apr. 20 


30. 1S1 


30. 194 


30.210 


30. 205 


30. 201 


30.221 


30. 211 


30. 220 


30.221 


30. 231 


30. 154 


30. 231 


30. 0G3 


.108 


Apr. 27.... 


30. 345 


30. 352 


30. 359 


30. 300 


30. 370 


30. 302 


30. 302 


30. 360 


30. 357 


30. 339 


30. 328 


30. 370 


30.231 


.139 


Apr. 28 


30. 541 


3D. 545 


30.554 


30. 541 


30. 539 


30. 537 


30.53t 


30.541 


30. 520 


30. 510 


30.193 


30.554 


30. 370 


.178 


Apr. 29 


30. 478 


30. 460 


30.451. 


30. 428 


30.413 


30. 388 


30. 307 


30.351 


30.321 


30.301 


30.4G8 


30. 543 


30. 304 


.239 


Apr. 30 


30. 553 


30. 550 


30.548 


30. 534 


30. 523 


30. 510 


30. 500 


30.481 


30. 432 


30. 430 


30. 409 


30. 553 


30. 293 


.260 


Means . . 


29.96G 


29. 90S 


29.974 


29.973 


29. 971 


29. 968 


29. 903 


29. 964 


29. 947 


29. 947 


29. 961 


30. 037 


29. 804 


.173 



ALASKA. 



211 



Tallies showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer aljove sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


■1 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a.m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


1S82. 
May 1... 


30. 398 


30. 398 


30. 361 


30. 352 


30.321 


30. 292 


30. 262 


30. 223 


30. 175 


30.152 


30.141 


30. 093 


30. 075 


30. 052 


May 2... 


30. 013 


29. 90S 


29. 979 


29. 974 


29. 953 


29. 934 


29. 919 


29. 904 


29. 900 


29. 896 


29. 884 


29. 872 


29. 802 


29. 854 


May ii 


29. 832 


29. S29 


29. 832 


29. 837 


29. S47 


29. 848 


29. 844 


29. 853 


29. 818 


29. 838 


29. 829 


29. 807 


29. 827 


20. 828 


■May 4... 


29. 799 


29.791 


29. 800 


29. 799 


29.810 


29. S15 


29. 820 


29.817 


29. 824 


29 823 


29. 833 


29. 831 


29. 829 


29. 831 


May 5... 


29. 834 


29. 821 


29. 826 


29. 829 


29. 827 


29. 825 


29. 825 


29. 820 


29. 825 


29. 823 


29. 810 


29. 810 


29. 801 


29. 807 


Mi y G... 


29. S24 


29. 828 


29. S2S 


29. S31 


29. 840 


29. 851 


29. 862 


29. 864 


29. 874 


29. 879 


29. 889 


29. 885 


20. 8S5 


29. 895 


May 7... 


29.9i5 


29. 947 


29. 947 


29. 947 


29. 970 


29. 985 


29. 980 


29. 976 


29. 977 


29. 979 


29. 983 


29. 987 


29. 987 


29. 987 


May S... 


30. 033 


30. 031 


30. 034 


30. 042- 


30. 053 


30. 061 


30. 067 


30. 074 


30. 081 


30. 085 


30. 090 


30. 091 


30. 104 


30. 117 


MaV U... 


30. 1G4 


30. 10'.) 


30. 174 


30. 170 


30. 191 


30. 197 


30.200 


30. 215 


30. 217 


30.214 


30. 222 


30. 235 


30.250 


30. 254 


May 10... 


30. 357 


30. 355 


30. 307 


30. 374 


30. 395 


20. 398 


30. 401 


30. 401 


30.402 


30. 399 


30] 385 


30. 373 


30. 3G3 


30. 343 


May 11.... 


30. 18S 


30. ISO 


30. 173 


30. 167 


30. 168 


30. 173 


30. 168 


30.166 


30. 163 


30. 162 


30. 156 


30. 149 


30. 149 


30.151 


May 12.... 


30. 115 


30. 112 


30.118 


30. 103 


30.115 


30. 107 


30. 100 


30. 098 


30. 079 


30. 009 


30. 000 


30. 053 


30. 040 


30. 010 


May 13.... 


30. 022 


30. 022 


30. 030 


30. 037 


30. 941 


30. 043 


30. 04G 


30. 052 


30. 050 


30. 059 


30. 001 


30. 065 


30. 005 


30. 065 


May 11.... 


30. 130 


30. 147 


30.156 


30. 1G0 


30.183 


30. 185 


30.201 


30. 206 


30.214 


30. 225 


30. 236 


30. 24S 


30. 258 


30. 265 


May 15 


30. 300 


30.310 


30. 303 


30. 310 


30. 299 


30. 291 


30. 290 


30. 287 


30. 280 


30. 282 


30. 277 


30. 261 


30. 267 


30. 255 


Ma ylC... 


30. 195 


30. 194 


30. 185 


30.181 


30. 185 


30. 171 


30. 154 


30. 147 


30. 148 


30. 142 


30. 134 


30. 130 


30. 128 


30. 120 


May 17.... 


30. 053 


30. 053 


30. 049 


30. 054 


30. 071 


30. 070 


30. 079 


30. 084 


30. 093 


30. 092 


30. 108 


30. 113 


30. 122 


30. 130 


May 13.-.. 


30. 188 


30. 192 


30.192 


30.190 


30. 211 


30. 216 


30. 221 


30. 226 


30. 221 


30. 217 


30. 228 


30. 229 


30. 233 


30. 235 


May 10 


30. 257 


30. 2U7 


30. 275 


30. 280 


30. 297 


30. 292 


30. 294 


30. 298 


30. 302 


30. 291 


30. 282 


30. 280 


30. 280 


30. 280 


May 2 'J... . 


30. 210 


30. 209 


30. 203 


30. 204 


30. 210 


30. 197 


30.187 


30. 178 


30. 160 


30. 155 


30. 132 


30. 132 


30. 132 


30. 124 


May21.... 


30. 097 


30. 094 


30. 100 


30. 124 


30. 143 


30. 140 


30.165 


30. 178 


30. 178 


30.181 


30. 191 


30. 203 


30. 208 


30.214 


May2 : > 


30. 24G 


30. 2G4 


30. 262 


30. 277 


30. 300 


30. 310 


30. 306 


30.318 


30. 320 


30. 327 


30. 337 


30. 345 


30. 340 


30. 355 


May23.... 


30. 324 


30.317 


30.318 


30. 309 


30. 304 


30. 299 


30. 291 


30. 285 


30. 271 


30. 202 


30. 258 


30.241 


30. 234 


30. 221 


May 24.... 


30. C98 


30. 096 


30. (193 


39. 09G 


30. 090 


30. 088 


30. 082 


30. 075 


30. 075 


30. 072 


30. 072 


30. 071 


SO. 061 


30. 067 


May 25.... 


30. 035 


30. 038 


30. 038 


30. 031 


30. 042 


30. 036 


30. 031 


30. 031 


30.025 


30. 025 


30. 025 


39. 025 


30. 023 


30. 030 


May 26. . . . 


30. 009 


30. 013 


30.012 


30.012 


30. 010 


30. 004 


29. 998 


29. 993 


20. 998 


29. 993 


29. 989 


29. 980 


29. 984 


29. 979 


May 27 


29. 953 


29. 951 


29. 951 


29. 954 


29. 953 


29. 949 


29. 952 


29. 956 


29. 957 


29. 945 


29. 939 


29. 937 


29. 945 


29. 913 


May 28 


29. 883 


29. 890 


29. 880 


29. 884 


29. 894 


29. 887 


29. 886 


29. 880 


29. 8S2 


29. 881 


29. 879 


29. 879 


29. 873 


29. 870 


Mav29.... 


29. 842 


29. 841 


29. 839 


29. 839 


29. 849 


29. 838 


29. 838 


29. 838 


29. 834 


29. 824 


29. 814 


29. 813 


29. 805 


29. 798 


May 30.... 


29. 7G4 


29. 774 


29. 777 


29. 775 


29. 795 


29. 792 


29. 793 


29. 798 


29. 793 


29. 793 


29. 793 


29.798 


20. 801 


29. 801 


May 31.... 


29. 809 


29. 809 


29. S27 


29. S22 


29. 837 


29. 840 


29. 847 


29. 848 


29. 848 


29. 844 


29. 843 


29. 843 


29. 847 


29. 849 


Means - . 


* 30.002 


30. 003 


30. 0G2 


30. 064 


30.071 


30. 069 


30. 06S 


39. 067 


30. 005 


30. 062 


30. 001 


30. 058 


30. OSS 


30. 057 


Date. 


3 p.m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11p.m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1882. 
May 1.... 


30. 039 


30. 020 


30. 020 


30. 008 


30. 018 


30. 023 


30. 041 


30. 051 


30. 025 


30. 015 


30. 148 


30. 398 


30. CCS 


.390 


May ". 


29. 845 


29. 850 


29. 860 


29. 863 


29. 853 


29. 853 


29. 853 


29. 853 


29. 838 


29.831 


29. 893 


30. 013 


29. 831 


.182 


May 3.... 


29. 823 


29.821 


29.818 


29. 817 


29.811 


29. 80G 


29. 801 


29. 799 


29. 7S9 


29. 786 


29. 824 


29. 853 


29. 786 


.067 


May 4 


29. 845 


29. 847 


29. 856 


29.861 


29. 863 


29. 866 


29. 865 


29. 855 


29. 829 


29. 830 


29. 831 


29. 866 


29.794 


.072 


May 5 


29. 805 


29. S13 


29. 818 


29. 818 


29. 815 


29. 811 


29. 808 


29. 807 


29. 814 


29. 828 


29. 818 


29. 834 


29. 801 


.033 


May C 


29. 902 


29. 915 


29. 937 


29.910 


29. 938 


29. 933 


29. 933 


29.341 


29. 925 


29. 934 


29. 889 


29. 941 


29. 824 


.117 


May 7 


29. 990 


29. 9f)2 


29. 998 


30. 003 


30. 003 


30. 004 


30. 007 


30. 007 


30. 00 n 


30. 011 


29. 984 


30. 011 


29. 945 


.000 


May 8 


30. 130 


30. 133 


30.133 


30. 143 


30.152 


30. 155 


30. 162 


30. 165 


30. 150 


30. 156 


30. 102 


30.165 


30. 031 


.134 




30. 270 


30. 274 


30. 286 


30. 309 


30. 321 


30. 334 


30. 341 


30. 34S 


30. 338 


30. 349 


30. 252 


30. 349 


30. 164 


. 185 


May 10.... 


30. 340 


30. 32S 


30.326 


30. 316 


30. 305 


30. 280 


30. 258 


30. 248 


30. 203 


30. 103 


30.338 


30.402 


30. 199 


.203 


May 11.... 


30. 154 


30. 153 


30. 156 


30. 160 


30.156 


30. 152 


30. 150 


30. 129 


30. 131 


30. 124 


30.158 


80.188 


30, 124 


.064 


May 12 


30. 032 


30. 040 


30. 036 


30. 033 


30. 037 


30. 037 


30. 045 


30. 045 


30. 025 


30. 019 


30. 065 


30. 118 


30. 019 


.099 


May 13.... 


30. 073 


30. 073 


30. 07G 


30. 084 


30. 096 


30. 103 


30. Ill 


30. 119 


30. 11G 


30.121 


30. 068 


30. 121 


30. 022 


.099 


May 14 


30. 275 


30. 2S5 


30.301 


30. 300 


30. 295 


30. 300 


30. 303 


.30. 293 


30. 299 


30. 297 


30. 247 


30. 303 


30. 136 


.167 


May 15.... 


30. 255 


30. 243 


30.246 


30. 239 


30. 243 


30. 244 


30. 241 


30. 222 


30. 207 


30. 201 


30. 265 


30. 310 


30. 201 


.109 


May 16.... 


30. 118 


30. 115 


30.120 


30. 119 


30. Ill 


30. 095 


30. 089 


30. 083 


30. 054 


30. C50 


30. 132 


30. 195 


30. C50 


.145 


Ma'yl7 


30. 138 


30. 148 


30. 166 


30. 178 


30. 185 


30. 186 


30. 190 


30. 198 


30. 186 


30.193 


30. 123 


30. 198 


30. 049 


.149 


May 18.... 


30. 245 


30. 252 


30. 249 


30. 255 


30. 260 


30. 265 


30. 267 


30. 265 


30. 244 


30. 257 


30. 232 


30. 287 


30.188 


.079 


May 10 


30. 277 


30. 27C 


30. 282 


30. 264 


30. 281 


30. 257 


30. 257 


30. 250 


30. 224 


30. 225 


30.273 


30. 302 


30. 225 


.077 


May20.... 


30. 118 


30. 110 


30. 131 


30. 127 


30.115 


30. 100 


30. 103 


30. 1C6 


30. OS-i 


30. 086 


30. 146 


30. 210 


30. 084 


.125 


May 21.... 


30. 224 


30. 226 


30. 229 


30.244 


30. 251 


30. 246 


30.249 


30. 254 


30. 238 


30.246 


30. 192 


30.254 


3C. 094 


.160 


May 22.... 


30. 360 


30. 367 


30. 380 


30.370 ! 


30. 365 


30. 359 


30. 355 


30. 353 


30. 330 


30. 319 


30. 328 


30. 380 


30. 246 


.134 


May 23.... 


30. 208 


30. 201 


30. 194 


30.186 


30. 176 


30. 164 


30.150 


30. 142 


30. 125 


SO. 1 14 


30. 233 


30. 324 


30. 114 


.210 


May 24 


30. 059 


30. 059 


30. 073 


30.070 


30. 056 


30. 051 


30. 041 


30. 044 


30. 037 


30. 029 


30. 069 


30. 098 


30. 029 


.069 


Ma'y25 


30. 042 


30. 040 


30. 047 


30.050 


30. 010 


30. 033 


30. 020 


30. 026 


30. 019 


30. 009 


30. 032 


30. 050 


30. 009 


.041 


May 20.... 


29. 9S5 


29. 983 


29.991 ! 


29.983 


29. 968 


29. 971 


29. 9G8 


29. 961 


29. 946 


29. 9G0 


29. 987 


30. 013 


29. 94G 


.067 


May 27. . . . 


29. 942 


29. 940 


29. 934 


29. 935 


29. 927 


29. 917 


29. 912 


29.910 


29. 902 


29. 898 


29. 938 


29. 957 


29. 898 


.059 


May 28.... 


29. 871 


29. 869 


29. 873 


29. 871 


29. 865 


29. 863 


29. 850 


29. 858 


29. 833 


29. 837 


29. 873 


29. 894 


29. 833 


.061 


MaV 29 


29. 798 


29. 797 


29. 706 


29. 793 


29.783 


29. 786 


29. 783 


29. 777 


29.755 


29. 761 


29. RIO 


29. 849 


29.755 


. 094 


MaySO... 


29. 806 


29. 807 


29. 809 


29. 809 


29. 819 


29. 821 


29. 819 


29.S17 


29. 800 


29. 811 


29.799 


29. 821 


29. 764 


.057 


May 31.... 


29. 842 


29. 851 


29. S50 


29. 853 


29. 842 


• 29.836 


29. 842 
30. 059 


29. 830 

30. 057 


29. 838 


29. 634 


29. 839 


29. 853 


29. 809 


.044 


Means . . 


30. 053 


30. 059 


30.0G4 


30. 065 1 


30. 062 


30. 060 


30.042 


30. 043 


30.C6L 


30. 114 


29. 999 


.115 



212 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutcs.J 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. in. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


1882. 
Juno 1... 


29. 837 


29.811 


29. 840 


29. 845 


29. 848 


29. 830 


29. 845 


29. 845 


29. 842 


29. 837 


29. 835 


29. 833 


29. 833 


29. 820 


June 2... 


29. 758 


29. 750 


29. 753 


29. 749 


29. 750 


29. 743 


29. 731 


29. 725 


29. 722 


29. 708 


29. 698 


29. GS8 


29. 686 


29. 677 


Juno 3... 


21021 


29. 622 


29. 619 


29. 023 


29. 629 


29. 627 


29. 623 


29. 630 


29. 637 


29. 638 


29. 639 


29. 647 


29. 660 


29. 663 


Juue 4... 


29. 7::o 


29. 730 


29. 733 


29. 734 


29. 751 


29. 75G 


29. 757 


29. 761 


29. 738 


29. 749 


29. 751 


29. 75S 


29. 750 


29. 738 


Juno 5... 


29.837 


29. 845 


29. 860 


29. 870 


29. 890 


29.913 


29.918 


29. 924 


29. 935 


29. 941 


29. 944 


29. 950 


29.918 


29. 960 


June 6 .. 


20.917 


29. 942 


29. 948 


29. 937 


29. 944 


29. 947 


29. 947 


29. 943 


29. 945 


29. 947 


29. 953 


29. 956 


29. 969 


29. 959 


June 7... 


29.991 


29. 985 


29. 997 


29. 999 


30. 022 


30. 030 


30. 042 


30. 037 


30. 041 


30. 043 


30. 053 


30. 053 


30. 053 


30. 002 


June 8... 


30. 1195 


30. 095 


30.104 


30. 102 


30. 117 


30. 128 


30..123 


30. 123 


30. 124 


30. 121 


30. 121 


30. 133 


30. 129 


30.128 


Jnnp 9... 


30. C80 


30. 078 


30. 080 


30. 068 


30. 075 


30. 007 


30. 006 


30. 059 


30. 057 


30. 048 


30. 048 


30. 037 


30. 032 


30. 026 


June 10... 


29. 852 


29. 847 


29. 836 


29.816 


29. 808 


29. 789 


29. 765 


29. 757 


29. 751 


29. 740 


29. 723 


29. 712 


29. 690 


29. 086 


June 11 


29. 506 


29. 803 


29. 559 


29. 556 


29. 552 


29. 550 


29. 555 


29. 556 


29. 545 


29. 546 


29. 545 


29. 545 


29.541 


29. 549 


June 12. .. 


29. 002 


29. 009 


29. 689 


29. 706 


29. 713 


29. 721 


29. 722 


29. 733 


29. 735 


29.734 


29. 735 


29. 747 


29. 750 


29. 759 


June 13... 


29. 743 


29. 747 


29. 739 


29. 741 


29. 752 


29. 752 


29. 749 


29. 752 


29. 756 


29. 754 


29. 754 


29. 751 


29. 75.1 


29. 759 


Juno 14. . 


29. 691 


29. 080 


29. 076 


29. 070 


29. 681 


29. 070 


29. 659 


29. 651 


29. 642 


29. 637 


29. 637 


29. 03S 


29. 636 


29. 635 


June 15... 


29. 043 


29. GGO 


29. 634 


29. 05S 


29. 665 


29. 662 


29. 605 


29. 665 


29. 670 


29.674. 


29. 672 


29. 679 


29.684 


29. 683 


June 10... 


29. 707 


•J9. 717 


29. 727 


29. 729 


29. 744 


29.751 


29. 765 


29. 767 


29. 775 


29. 782 


29.788 


29. 791 


29. 793 


29. 823 


June 17... 


29. 938 


29. 9 JO 


29.'955 


29. 973 


29. 990 


30. 001 


30.012 


30. 024 


30. 027 


30. 041 


30. 050 


30. 060 


30. 009 


30. 079 


Juno IS... 


30.133 


30. 120 


30. 120 


30. 141 


30. 138 


30. 135 


30. 129 


30. 126 


30. 122 


30. 112 


30. 097 


30. 095 


30. 101 


30. 100 


Juno 1!). .. 


30. 055 


30. 073 


30. 014 


30. 056 


30. 059 


30. 003 


30. 057 


30. 051 


30. 051 


30. 053 


30. 033 


30. 051 


30. 050 


30.047 


June 20 .. 


30. 076 


30. 081 


30. 085 


30. 080 


30. 107 


30. 110 


30. 107 


30. 115 


30. 113 


30. 110 


30. 110 


30.119 


30. 109 


30. 109 


Juno 21.. . 


30. 082 


30. (ISO 


30. 086 


30. 091 


30. 096 


30. 098 


30. 097 


30. 090 


30. 101 


30. 114 


30. 116 


30. 134 


30.154 


30. 164 


Juno 22 . . . 


30. 191 


30.170 


30. 176 


30.158 


30.108 


30. 166 


30.156 


30. 141 


30. 131 


30. 129 


30. 121 


30. 121 


30.115 


30. 109 


June 2 i . 


30. 097 


£0. 102 


30. 108 


30.110 


30. 133 


30. 133 


30.137 


30. 143 


30. 146 


30.149 


30. 150 


30. 148 


30. 147 


30. 158 


J one 24... 


30. 096 


30. 089 


30. 090 


30. 085 


30. 084 


30. 076 


30. 066 


30. 052 


30. 042 


30. 030 


30. 020 


30. 015 


30. 006 


30. 019 
I 


Juno 2"> .. 


29. 926 


29. 923 


29.918 


29.911 


29.911 


29. 899 


29. 880 


29. 866 


29. S35 


29. 842 


29. 833 


29. S18 


29. S13 


29. 795 


June 20 ... 


29. 032 


29. 031 


29. 644 


29. 635 


29. 648 


29. 639 


29. 641 


29. 647 


29. 637 


29. 638 


29. 833 


29. 031 


29. 639 


29. G45 


June 27. .. 


29. G36 


29. 029 


29. 015 


29 006 


29. 609 


29. 599 


29. 003 


29. 610 


29. 616 


29. 018 


29. 618 


29. 033 


29. 63S 


29. 641 


June 28 .. 


29. 636 


29. 647 


29. 017 


29. 6.50 


29. 046 


29. 651 


29. 649 


29. 640 


29. 631 


29. 622 


29. 619 


29. 616 


29.016 


29. 616 


June 23. .- 


29. 628 


29. 624 


29. 642 


29.042 


29. 601 


29. 672 


29. 678 


29. 0S0 


29. 694 


29. 704 


29. 704 


29. 717 


29. 727 


29. 726 


June 30 '.. 


29. 740 


29.701 


29. 702 


29. 770 


29. 775 


29. 775 


29. 778 


29. 782 


29. 787 


29. 796 


29. 803 


29. 805 


29. 807 


29. 813 


Means .. 


20.855 


29. 850 


29. 857 


29. 858 


29. S66 


29. 866 


23. 864 


29. 863 


29. 863 


29. S62 


29. S01 


29. 863 


29. SG4 


29. 806 



Pale. 


" p. m. 


-1 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


(! p. m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 m. 


Daily 
means. 


Mas. 


Min. 


r.ange.' 


1 882. 
June 1 . . . 


29. 830 


29.811 


29. 815 


.29. 807 


29. 805 


29. 700 


29. 780 


29. 775 


29. 758 


29. 752 


29. 820 


29. 850 


29. 752 


.098 


June 2 .- 


29. 670 


29. 660 


29. 051 


29. 652 


29. 658 


29. 648 


29. 646 


29. 643 


29. 620 


29.631 


29. 093 


29. 753 


29. 620 


.138 


Juno 3... 


29. 000 


29. 685 


29. 688 


29. 695 


29 700 


29. 715 


29. 715 


29. 720 


29. 710 


29. 722 


29. 662 


29. 722 


29. 619 


.103 


June 4... 


29. 761 


29. 768 


29. 773 


29. 781 


29. 785 


29. 793 


29. S00 


29. 795 


29. 805 


29. 820 


29. 765 


29. 820 


29. 730 


.090 


June 3... 


29. 965 


29. 976 


29. 976 


29. 970 


29. 9G0 


29. 958 


29. 935 


29. 955 


29. 934 


29.933 


I. 


29. 976 


29. :"37 


.139 


June 0... 


29. 907 


29. 965 


29. 966 


29. 960 


29. 965 


29. 979 


29. 980 


29. 989 


29. 969 


29. 973 


29. 95S 


29. 989 


29. 937 


.052 


June 7... 


30. 0S1 


30. 080 


30. 079 


30.081' 


30. 0S7 


30. 080 


30. 081 


30. OSS 


30. 091 


30. 087 


30. 052 


30. 091 


29.985 


. 100 


Juno 8... 


30.131 


30. 134 


30. 130 


30.133 


30.142 


30. 131 


30.111 


30. 109 


30. 090 


30. 079 


30. 118 


30 142 


30. 079 


.003 


Juno 9 .. 


30. 023 


30. 014 


29. 997 


29. 980 


29. 970 


29. 947 


29. 928 


29. 906 


29. S85 


29. 860 


30. 014 


30. 080 


29. SGG 


.214 


Juno 10... 


29. 074 


29. 659 


29. 639 


29. 628 


29. 023 


29. 608 


29. GOO 


29. 588 


29. 571 


29. 563 


29. 705 


29. 852 


29 57 


.281 


Juno 11.. 


29. 5G1 


29. 565 


29. 573 


29. 585 


29. 003 


29. GIG 


2 J. 028 


29. G30 


29. 647 


29. 641 


29.574 


29. 047 




.100 


June 12 . . . 


29. 704 


29 768 


29. 762 


29. 768 


29. 701 


29. 747 


29. 753 


29. 744 


29. 735 


29. 744 


29. 731 


29. 708 


29. 002 


.106 


Juno 13... 


29. 759 


29. 757 


29. 752 


29. 752 


29. 739 


29. 739 


29. 720 


29. 717 


29. 695 


29. 709 


29. 744 


29. 759 


29. G95 


.064 


Juno 14... 


29. 032 


29. G32 


29. 039 


29. 643 


29. 648 


29. 654 


29. 053 


29. 656 


29.644 


29. 651 


29. 653 


29. 691 


29. 032 


.059 


June 13. .. 


29. GOG 


29.G99 


29. 702 


29. 703 


29. 708 


29. 706 


29. 709 


29. 714 


29. 713 


29. 706 


29. 683 


29. 714 


29. 043 


.071 


Juno 10... 


29. 836 


29. 848 


29. 800 


29. 807 


29. 891 


29. 885 


29. 889 


29. 897 


29. 905 


29. 920 


29.811 


29. 920 


29. 707 


.213 


June 17... 


30.101 


30.110 


30. 112 


30. 117 


30. 122 


30. 127 


30. 127 


30. 120 


30. 133 


30. 149 


30. 058 


30. 149 


29. 9^8 


.211 


June. 18... 


30. 096 


30. 074 


30. 074 


30. 079 


30. 074 


30. 079 


30. 076 


30. 066 


30. 065 


30. 051 


30. 100 


30. 141 


30. 051 


.090 


Juno 19... 


. 30. 047 


30. 053 


30. 059 


30. 059 


30. 007 


30. 070 


30. 074 


30. 074 


30. 086 


30. 078 


30. 000 


30. 0SG 


30. 044 


.042 

i 


June 20... 


30. 119 


30. 119 


30. 125 


30. 133 


30. 125 


30.121 


30. 109 


30. 104 


30. 091 


30. 090 


30. 108 


30. 133 


30. 070 


.057 


Juno 21... 


30. 172 


30. 192 


30. 190 


30. 192 


30. 200 


30.204 


30. 200 


30. 197 


30. 194 


30. 182 


30.113 


30.204 


30. 082 


. 122 


June 22... 


30. 102 


30. 101 


30. 109 


30. 107 


30.102 


30 097 


30. 090 


30. 089 


30. 084 


30. 097 


30.120 


30. 191 


30. 084 


.107 


Juno 23... 


30. 165 


30. 174 


30. 108 


30.103 


30.155 


30. 148 


30. 138 


30.137 


30.115 


30. 125 


30. 140 


30. 174 


30. 097 


.077 


June 24... 


30.012 


30. 015 


30. 012 


30. 002 


29. 984 


29. 961 


2!). 950 


29. 948 


29. 940 


29. 948 


30. 023 


30. 096 


29. 940 


.150 


June 25... 


29. 782 


29. 767 


29. 755 


29. 735 


29. 710 


29. 688 


29. 078 


29 0GG 


29. 644 


29. 640 


29. 802 


29. 926 


29. G!0 


.286 


Juue 26... 


29. 657 


29. 607 


29. 002 


29. 677 


29. G79 


29. 675 


29. 675 


29. 675 


29. 672 


29. 662 


29. G52 


29. 679 


29. 631 


.04S 


June 27... 


29. 656 


29. 000 


29. 054 


29. 654 


29. 666 


29. 66S 


29. GGG 


29. G59 


29. GGG 


29. 656 


29. 630 


29. 6G8 


29. 599 


-.069 


Juno 28... 


29. 609 


29. 009 


29. 611 


29. 008 


29. 613 


29. 614 


29. GIG 


29. 020 


29. G22 


29. 606 


29. o:g 


29. 65G 


29. 606 


.050 


June 29... 


29.744 


29. 750 


29. 749 


29. 746 


29. 744 


29. 743 


29. 751 


29. 753 


29. 749 


29. 747 


29. 707 


29. 753 


29. 624 


. 129 


June 30... 


29. 819 


29. 823 


29. 825 


29. 822 


29. 827 


29. 825 


29. 823 


29. 814 

29. 8C2 


29. 817 


29. 821 


29. 799 


29. 827 


29. 749 


.07S 


Means . . 


29. 870 


29.871 


29. 870 


29. 870 


29. 870 


29. 867 


29. SC3 


29.S55 


29.S55 


29. 863 


29. 915 


29. 801 


.114 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



213 



Talks slowing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Baromol or aboi <• sea, IT feet. Washington mean time. Correction for moan local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. m. 


:{ a. in. 


1 a. m. 


"> a. m. 


G a. m. 


7 a. 111. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. 111. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


.. 7 

2 p. m. 


1 SS2. 
July 1.... 


29, S23 


29. 831 


29.831 


20. 833 


20. 833 


20. 832 


29. 825 


29. SI 9 


29. SI 9 


29. S10 


20. S13 


29. SU 


29. 807 


29. SOfi 


July 'J.-.. 


29. 810 


20. 810 


20. S17 


29.821 


20. 828 


2:1. 340 


20.811 


20. 840 


20. 843 


29. 845 


29. 845 


20.843 


29. 830 


29.850 


July ::.... 


29. 874 


!9 876 


39 : 


20. 000 


20. 003 


20. 003 


20. 906 


20. 005 


20.013 


20.015 


29. 927 


20.041 


20.947 


29.940 


July 1.-.. 


30.027 


30.030 


30.042 


3D. 040 


30.044 


30. 040 


30. 04 G 


30. 054 


30. 056 


30. 003 


30. 005 


30. 007 


30. 070 


30.079 


July 5.... 


30. 047 


30.04.1 


30.058 


30.037 


30. 042 


30. 032 


30. 018 


30. 000 


29.984 


20. 058 


29. 934 


20.01G 


20. 920 


29.308 


Jnh '■■...- 


29. 822 


29.814 






20.801. 


29. 79G 


20. 701 


20. 787 


20. 778 


20.70.-; 


20. 705 


29.766 


29. 766 


20. 702 


July 7.... 


21). 702 


20. 705 


29. 739 


20. 708 


20. 775 


20. 707 


20. 750 


20. 730 


20. 722 


20.721 


20.710 


20. 71 L 


20.o:i; 


29.704 


July 8.... 


29.612 


29.C07 


29. 597 


29. 574 


20. 584 


20. 571 


20. 550 


20. 530 


20. 527 


29. 521 


29.519 


20.511 


20. 506 


29. 404 


July 9.... 


29. 409 


. > 


20. 103 


20. 402 


20. 400 


29. 300 


29. 500 


29. 510 


20. 510 


29. 522 


20. 525 


20. 530 


20. 558 


20. 5Jo 


July 10.... 


20. 558 


29. "l 


. 1 ' 


29'. 551 


20. 555 


20. 370 


29.573 


20. 578 


20. 503 


20. 500 


20. 004 


20.017 


20.019 


29. 624 


,TulvU 


20.710 




29.711 


20.712 


20. 775 


29. 8112 


20.S27 


20.857 


29. 851 


29. S57 


20. S67 


2:.. 887 


29 897 


20. 002 


July 12.... 


29. 9G4 


29*960 




20. 977 


2:1. 987 


20. 989 


20. 082 


29. 967 


29. 957 


29. 952 


20. 01s 


20.03 4 


2:1.011;; 


20. 90.5 


July 13.... 


29.69S 


20 ; f 




37 


20. 880 


20. 861 


20. 852 


20.; 851 


20. S56 


20. 855 


20. 860 


29. S73 


29. S76 


29.880 


July 11.... 


29.739 


20.717 


2:'. 702 


29. 689 


29.68G 


29. 681 


20. 06G 


20. 045 


29. 020 


20.021 


29. 016 


20. 609 


29. 502 


2.'.:-'' 


July 15 


20. 581 


29. 507 


29. 619 


29. 027 


20. 023 


20. 034 


20. 634 


29. 012 


29. 640 


20. 030 


29.632 


29. 644 


29. 651 


20. 054 


July 18.... 


29.595 


29.591 


29.591 


29. 570 


20. 581 


20. 570 


20. 504 


20.515 


29. 534 


29.518 


20.515 


20. 509 


20. 100 


20. 4S9 


July 17.... 


20.433 


29.140 


29.441 


29.1211 


2ii. 433 


20. 420 


20.432 


29.439 


29.444 


29. 4 12 


20.445 


20. 445 


20. 445 


20. 452 


July IS.... 


29. 572 


29.r 


29.595 


20. 021 


22'. 035 


20.612 


2:1.'- 4 


29. 007 


29. 071 


20. 075 


29.081 


29.C91 


20. 701 


20.711 


July 10.... 


20. 756 


29.704 


2*782 


29.783 


20. 705 


2'J.7:'0 


20. 805 


29. 801 


29. 707 


29. 796 


29. 796 


29. 799 


20. 700 


20. 700 


July 20.... 


29. 820 


29, ■' 5 


20. 830 


29.845 


20. 854 


20. 850 


29.853 


20. 846 


20. 845 


20. 848 


20. 8.53 


20. 853 


29. 847 


29. S41 


July 21.... 


20. 705 


29. £ - 


i 


29.820 


20. 820 


20.831 


29. 831 


20. 828 


29. 828 


20. .-3 4 


20. 834 


2 1 '. '.! 


20.817 


20. 850 


July 22.... 


29.905 


29. !)0S 


29. 020 


29. 021 


20. 031 


20. 024 


20.916 


20.911 


29. 006 


20. 808 


20. 00.5 


29.913 


20. 620 


20. 930 


July 2:).... 


29.918 


20. 959 


29. 081 


29. 978 


20. 003 


20. 007 


20. 966 


29. 005 


20. 050 


20. 002 


20. 003 


29.943 


20.015 


20. 025 


July 24.... 


29, 787 


20.785 


20. 783 


20. 775 


29. 783 


20. 773 


29. 750 


29. 754 


20. 730 


20.741 


20. 736 


29. 726 


20. 720 


29.715 


July 2.",... 


29. 673 


20. 603 


20. 074 


20. 07G 


20. 084 


29. 669 


29. 6G0 


29. 657 


29. 645 


29.613 


29. 647 


29. 657 


20. 672 


29. 604 


July 20.... 


29. 70S 


20. 77:'. 


20. 776 


29. 777 


20. 777 


20. 774 


20. 77 4 


20. 707 


20. 750 


20. 753 


20.745 


20. 742 


20. 730 


29. 73G 


July 27.... 


20.717 


29. 726 


29. 738 


29. 731 


20.741 


20. 743 


29.738 


29. 742 


29. 746 


20. 740 


29. 74S 


20. 703 


20. 773 


29. 777 


July 28.... 


20. S55 


20. 805 


29. SSO 


29. 895 


20. 922 


29. 022 


29. 929 


29. 052 


29. 967 


29. 080 


30. 003 


30. 013 


30. 032 


30. 037 


July 29.... 


30. 091 


30. 002 


30. 093 


39.09S 


30. 095 


30. 005 


30. 091 


30. 080 


30. 071 


30. OUS 


30. 065 


30. 039 


30. 053 


50. 036 


July 30.... 


20. 064 


29. 944 


29. 945 


29. 949 


20. 958 


29.960 


29. 953 


29. 930 


29. 941 


29. 933 


29. 92S 


29. 923 


29.011 


29. 903 


July 31.... 


29. 847 


29. 816 


29. 643 


29. 837 


29. 847 


29. S10 


29. S43 


29. S37 


29. 830 


20. 810 


20. 815 


29. 603 


29. S03 


29. 795 


Means . . 


29. 7S2 


21). 78 4 


29. 780 


29.789 


29.795 


20. 704 


29. 792 


20. 788 


20. 780 


20. 784 


29. 783 


20. 783 


29. 786 


29.7S5 
■1 



Date 



1S82. 
July 1... 
July 2... 
July "... 
July 4... 

July 5... 

July 0... 

July 7... 

July .8... 

July 9... 

July 10... 
July 11... 
July 12... 
July 15... 
July 14... 

July 15... 
July 10... 
July 17... 
July is... 
July 10... 

July 20... 
Jul v 21... 
July 22... 
July 23... 
July 24... 

July 25... 
July 26... 
July 27... 
July 28... 

J uly 20... 

July 30... 

July 31... 

Munns . . 



8 X'- m. 



4 p. m. 



20. 806 
29. 855 

29. 965 

30. 079 

29. 906 
20. 772 
20. 688 
29. 480 
20. 547 

2S. 649 
20. 907 
20. 003 
20. 881 
29.5S2 



20. 644 
20.487 
20.457 
20.720 i 
20. 805 

29. 840 
29. 658 

29. 038 

29. 920 

20. 710 

20. 720 
20. 737 
20. 788 
50. 046 

30. 036 

20. 804 
29. S00 



29. 810 
20. 805 
20. 970 

30. 082 

29.899 
29.787 

29. 076 

211. 4 85 

20.548 

20. 1151 
20.011) 
29.896 
2S. 808 
20. 580 

20. 050 
20. 4S0 
20.400 
20. 744 
29. 815 

29. 837 
20.801 
29.940 
29. 920 
29. 70S 

29. 737 
29. 732 
29. 700 
50. 053 
50. 032 

29. 889 
29. 790' 



5 p. m. (1 p. m. 



29.816 ; 29.820 

20.801 29.858 

29.973 ' 29.991 

30. 073 ; 30. 072 



20. 791 



29. S94 I 
29. 784 
20. 668 
20. 100 
29. 549 

29.018 
20. 912 

20. 8,-7 
20. 878 
29. 570 

29. G4S 
29. 475 
29.465 
20. 746 
29. 811 

29. S20 
29. 803 
20. 94S 
29. SOS 
29. 700 

29.744 

29. 732 
20. 707 

30. 003 
30. 014 

20. 870 
20. 7S7 



29. 801 
29. 782 
29. 0.38 
20. 481 
20. 547 

20. C50 
20. 025 
20. 802 
29. 870 
29. 562 

29.641 
29. 467 
29.466 
29. 731- 

20.810 

29. 823 
29.881 

20. 951 
29. 892 
29. 698 

29. 742 
29. 735 
29. 708 
50. 071 
29. 999 

29. 803 
29. 783 



1 p. m. 



S p. m. 



9 p. m. 



10 p.m. 



29. 817 

29. 836 
29.999 

30. 071 

20. 885 
20. 779 
29. 650 
20. 471 
20. 545 

29. 689 
29. 933 
29. 885 
29. 867 
29. 570 

29. 641 

29. 455 
■29.472 
29. 759 
29. 815 

29. 825 
29. 890 
29. 052 
29. 885 
29. 093 

29. 746 
29. 735 

29. 805 

30. 082 
29. 903 

29. 877 
29. 780 



29.816 

29. S03 

30. 001 
30.066 

29. 869 
29. 776 
20. 63S 
23. 450 
29. 542 

29. 601 
29.943 
29. 683 
29. 862 
29. 572 

29. 641 
29. 455 
29. 488 
20. 702 
29. 823 

29. 826 
29. 906 
29. 950 
29. 837 
29. 605 

20. 752 
2.1.722 
20.813 
50. 080 
29. 9S7 

29. 876 
29. 773 



29.814 

29. 803 
30. 001 

30. 062 

29. 839 
29. 777 
29. 631 
29. 462 
29. 537 

29. 693 
29. 053 
29. 695 
29. 844 
29. 575 

29. 634 
29. 448 
29. 491 
29. 762 
29. 825 

29. 826 
29. 911 
29. 946 
29. 835 
29. 691 

29. 761 
29. 729 

29. SI 8 

30. 087 
29. 974 

29. S74 
29. 757 



11 p. m. 



29.811 
29. 865 

29. 999 

30. 057 

29. 842 
29. 769 
29. 626 
29. 457 
29. 552 

29. 669 
29. 963 
29. 905 
29. 821 
29. 574 

29. 631 
29.443 
29. 516 
29. 701 
29. 823 

29. 821 
29.011 
20. 945 
29. 857 
29. 690 

29. 762 
29. 720 

29. 825 

30. 001 
29. 909 

29. 863 
29. 730 



29.814 

29. 666 
30.019 

30. 050 

29. S43 
20. 707 
29. 032 
29. 47S 
29. 543 

29. 609 
29. SCO 
29. 892 
20. 701 
29. 577 

29. 616 
29.438 
29. 531 
29. 759 
29. 822 

29. 802 
29.911 
29. 937 
29. S3 7 
29. 690 

29. 759 
29. 720 

29. S28 

30. 073 
29. 966 

29. .855 
29. 724 



12 m. 



29. 821 
29.876 

30. 023 
30. 059 

29. S24 
29. 700 
29. 621 
20.475 
29. 549 

29. 704 
29.961 
29. 905 
29. 763 
29. 577 

29. 611 
29. 437 
29. 547 
29. 760 
29. 821 

29. 823 
20. OOG 
29. 943 
29. 805 
29. 688 

29. 765 
29.710 

29. 850 

30. 084 
29. 901 

29.S34 
29. 606 ; 



Daily 

means. 



29. 81 S 
29. 847 
29. 946 
30.059 

29. 942 
29. 7S2 
29. 702 
29. 319 

29. 325 

29. 622 
29. £66 
29. 930 
29. 80S 
29. 022 

29. 632 
29. 511 
29.460 
29. 093 
29. 802 

20. S57 
29. 853 
29. 928 
29. 922 
29. 731 

20.701 
29. 748 

29. 773 

30. 00O 
30.042 

29.011 
29. 801 



ilax. 



29. 833 

29. 876 

30. 023 
30. 082 

30. 058 
29. 822 
20. 775 
20.012 
29. 552 

29. 704 
29. 906 
29. 9S9 
29. 898 
29.739 

29. 656 
29. 593 
29. 047 
29. 762 
29. S23 

29. S54 
29.011 
29. 952 

29. 981 
20. 787 

20.705 
20.777 ! 
29. 830 i 
30.001 
30.09$ 

29. 904 
39. 647 



Min. 

29. 806 
29.817 

29. S74 

30. 027 

29. 824 
29. 760 
29. 621 
29. 457 
29. 469 

20. 551 
20. 71.1 
29. 883 
29. 703 
29. 562 

29. 581 
29. 437 
29.429 
29. 572 
29. 756 

29. 802 
29. 795 
20. 808 
20. 805 
29. 688 

29. 643 
29.710 
29. 717 
20. 855 
29. 961 

20. 851 
29. 696 I 



Range. 



.027 
.059 
.149 
.055 

.234 
.002 
.154 
.155 

.083 



.106 
.135 
.177 

.075 
.158 
.US 
.190 
.089 

.052 
.116 
. 054 
.176 
.099 

.122 
. 007 
.133 
.230 
.137 

.110 
.151 



29. 788 1 29. 7S7 29. 7S.3 



29.7.87! 29.786: 29. 783 ' : 29.7SO ! 29.7*0 ' 29.767' 29.845; 29.720 



214 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPKOW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to Aiigust, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 l'eet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


(5 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 


9 a. ni. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. ni. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


1S82. 
Aug. 1... 


29. GS0 


29. G7G 


29. 6G2 


29. G44 


29. 054 


29. GCG 


29. 074 


29. G69 


29. 009 


29. G7G 


29. 600 


29. 070 


29. 066 


29. 069 


Aug. 2... 


29. 0S4 


29. G79 


29. 684 


29. 079 


29. 67G 


29. 009 


29. 059 


29. 64 S 


20. 035 


29. 614 


29. 601 


29. 581 


29. 557 


29. 536 


Aug. 3... 


29. 372 


29. 377 


29. 404 


29.424 


29. 417 


29. 466 


29.487 




29. 503 


29. 523 


29. 540 


29. 552 


29. 578 


29. 591 


29. C21 


Aug. 4... 


29. 75G 


29. 7G0 


29. 7G2 


29. 759 


29. 701 


29. 747 


29. 739 


29. 721 


29. 709 


29. 69S 


29. 694 


29. 706 


29. 729 


29. 751 


Aug. 5-.. 


29. 980 


29. 990 


29. 987 


30. 005 


30.018 


30. 024 


30. 042 


30. 043 


30. 052 


30.055 


30. 055 


30. 039 


30. 025 


30. 025 


Aug. G... 


29. 703 


29. 720 


29. G97 


29. 6S7 


29. GS4 


29. 657 


29. 052 


29. 055 


29. 051 


29. 651 


29.049 


29. 641 


29. 038 


29. 020 


Aug. 7... 


29. 545 


29. 541 


29. 535 


29. 545 


29. 593 


29. 627 


29. 630 


29. 655 


29. 60S 


39. 6S2 


29. 092 


29.713 


29. 738 


29. 7G3 


Aug. 8... 


29. 815 


29. 815 


29. S13 


29. 815 


29. S20 


29. 812 


29. 801 


29. 791 


29. 774 


29. 748 


29. 734 


29. 690 


29. 049 


29. G21 


Aug. 0... 


29. 417 


29. 397 


29. 402 


29. 405 


29. 410 


29. 408 


29. 409 


29. 400 


29. 390 


29. 387 


29. 372 


29. 372 


29. 306 


29. 363 


Aug. 10... 


20. 65S 


29. GG2 


29. 075 


29. 0S3 


29. 690 


29. 677 


29. 666 


29. 051 


29. 620 


29. 601 


29. 576 


2ft 554 


29. 528 


29. 506 


Aug. 11... 


29. 320 


29. 30G 


29. 300 


29. 2S2 


29. 272 


29. 209 


29. 259 


29. 244 


29. 235 


29. 221 


29. 205 


29. 195 


29. 190 


29. 204 


Aug. 12... 


29. 194 


29.193 


20. 206 


29.213 


29. 230 


29. 241 


29. 253 


29. 2G7 


29. 282 


29. 2f 3 


29. 300 


29. 325 


29. 349 


29. 384 


Aug. 13... 


29. G84 


29. 099 


29. 722 


29. 74 G 


29. 776 


29. 787 


29. 804 


29. 814 


29. S17 


29.820 


29. 830 


29. S3S 


29. 845 


29. 805 


Aug. 14... 


29. 900 


29. 901 


29. 90S 


29. 910 


29. 91S 


29. 925 


29.914 


29. 915 


29. 913 


29. 907 


29. 900 


29. 896 


29. S90 


29. 888 


Aug. 15... 


29. 855 


29. 803 


29.801 


29. 835 


29. 865 


29. 865 


29. 855 


29. 850 


29. 845 


29. 835 


29. 833 


29. 824 


29. 826 


29. 818 


Aug. 10... 


29. 790 


29. 79G 


29. 802 


29. 80G 


29. 821 


29. S30 


29. 830 


29.831 


29.840 


29. S4G 


29. 85G 


29. SGI 


29. SG7 


29. 879 


Aug. 17... 


29. 921 


£9. 931 


29. 933 


29. 954 


29. 955 


29. 950 


29. 955 


29. 949 


29. 952 


29. 952 


29. 913 


29. 940 


29. 934 


29. 934 


Aug. 18... 


29. SG3 


29. SG3 


29. SC6 


29. 866 


29. 860 


29. 869 


29. S70 


29. S61 


29. S54 


29. S53 


29. 84S 


29. 848 


29.851 


29. 855 


Aug. 19... 


29. 827 


20. 828 


29. S25 


29. 821 


29. 831 


29. 831 


29. 831 


29. 825 


29. S20 


29. 828 


29. 835 


29. 837 


29. S37 


29. 833 


Aug. 20... 


29. 780 


29. 778 


29. 770 


29. 772 


29. 780 


29. 770 


29. 762 


29. 700 


29. 757 


29. 753 


29. 753 


29. 757 


29. 772 


29. 757 


Aug. 21... 


29. 793 


29. S05 


29.810 


29.810 


29. 831 


29. S32 


29. 836 


29. 828 


29. 830 


29. 830 


29. 833 


29. 833 


29.834 


29. 827 


Aug. 22... 


29. 845 


29. 847 


29.804 


29. 859 


29. 871 


2<)! 871 


29. 876 


29. 873 


29. S73 


29. 872 


29. S72 


29. 880 


29. 887 


29. 890 


Aug. 23... 


29. S3C 


29. 831 


29. 831 


29. 831 


29.833 


29. 830 


29. 824 


29. 832 


29. S40 


29. 848 


29. S55 


29. 850 


29. 861 


29. 871 


Aug. 24... 


29. 898 


29. S9S 


29. 900 


20. 900 


29. 907 


29. 906 


29. 906 


29. 900 


29. 899 


29. 892 


29. 880 


29. 875 


29. 867 


29.S64 


Aug. 25... 


29. 828 


29. 830 


29. 828 


29. S28 


29. 834 


29. 833 


29. 837 


29. 807 


29. 795 


29. 785 


29. 780 


29. 780 


29. 780 


29. 780 


Aug. 26... 


29. 805 


29. S15 


29. 827 


29. 840 


29. 855 


29. S63 


29. 863 


29. S73 


29. 883 


29. 898 


29. 900 


29. 90S 


29. 927 


29. 93G 


Aug. 27... 


30. 036 


?0. 050 


30. 059 


30. 060 


30. 0G7 


30. 0S0 


30. 079 


30. 074 


30. 073 


30. 077 


30. 077 


30. 07S 


30. 089 


30. 092 


Aug. 28... 


39. 102 


30. 110 


30. 131 


30. 134 


30. 139 


30. 139 


30. 13S 


30. 136 


30.135 


30.134 


30. 12S 


30. 12S 


30. 126 


39. 123 


Aug. 29... 


30. 023 


30. 03G 


30. 041 


30. 029 


30. 032 


30.022 


30. 016 


30. 009 


30. 011 


30. 010 


29. 991 


29. 988 


29. 97S 


29. 978 


Aug. 30... 


29. 935 


29. 946 


29. 901 


29. 903 


29. 980 


29. 990 


29. 996 


30. 004 


30. 017 


30. 023 


30. 034 


30. 042 


30. 041 


30. 063 


Aug. 31... 


30. 171 


30. 186 


30. 204 


30. 20S 


30. 22S 


30. 243 


30. 247 


30. 257 


30. 26S 


30. 282 


30. 293 


30. 30G 


30. 30S 


30. 313 


Means .. 


29.775 


29. 778 


29. 7S3 


29. 7S5 


29. 795 


29. 797 


29. 797 


29. 795 


29. 795 


29. 794 


29. 792 


29. 792 


29. 792 


29. 795 



Date. 



3 p. m. 



i p. m. 



o p. m. 



p. ni. 



1 p. m. 



S p. m. 



9 p. m. 



10 p. m. 



11 p. m. 



12 p. m. 



Daily 
means. 



Max. 



Min. 



Eange. 



1882. 
Aug. 1.. 
Aug. 2. . 
Aug. 3.. 

Aug. 4.. 

Aug. 5 . . 

Aug. 0.. 

Aug. 7 . . 

Aug. 8.. 

Aug. 9.. 
Aug. 10. . 
Aug. 11.. 
Aug. 12.. 
Aug. 13.. 

Aug. 14.. 
Aug. 15.. 
Aug. 16.. 
Aug. 17.. 
Aug. IS.. 

Aug. 19.. 
Aug. 20.. 
Aug. 21.. 
Aug. 22. . 
Aug. 23.. 

Aug. 24.. 
Aug. 25. . 
Aug. 26.. 
Aug. 27.. 
Aug. 28. . 

Aug. 29.. 
Aug. 30.. 
Aug. 31.. 

Moans . . 



29. 6G9 
29. 522 

29. 63S 

29. 769 

30. 017 
29. 629 
29. 795 
29. 589 

29. 355 
29. 480 
29. 190 
29.414 
29. S73 

29. S91 
29. 821 
29. 882 
29. 931 
29. 859 

29. 828 
29. 759 
29.831 
29. 875 
29. 87S 

29. S67 
29. 7S3 

29. 944 
30. 101 

30. Ill 

29. 904 

30. 07G 
30. 327 



29. G64 
29. 502 
29. 656 

29. 793 
29. 992 
29. 615 
29. 782 
29. 504 

29. 355 
29. 405 
29. 193 
29. 439 
29. 87S 

29. 891 
29. 800 
29. 884 
29.931 
29. 851 

29. 836 
29. 759 
29.836 
29. 872 
29. SS7 

29. S65 
29. 776 
29. 958 
30. 104 
30. 107 

29. 907 

30. 089 
30. 341 



29. 607 
29. 493 
29. 074 

29. 813 
29. 9G4 
29. 602 
29. 779 
29. 547 

29. 3S7 
29.455 
29. 198 
29. 474 
29. 879 

29. S8C 
29. 794 
29. 8S2 
29. 924 
29. 84S 

29. 821 
29. 759 
29. 83S 
29. 872 
29. 8S9 

29. 862 
29. 770 
29. 968 
30. 100 
30. 100 

29. 9G9 
30. 107 

30. 350 



29. 601 
29. 463 
29. 691 

29. 843 
29. 932 
29. 594 
29. 772 
29. 524 

25.435 
29. 449 
29. 195 
29. 497 
29. 883 

29. 884 
29. 786 
29. 884 
29. 911 
29. 814 

29. 809 
29. 763 
29. 843 
29. 874 
29. 885 

29. 857 

29. 774 
29. 974 
30. 10S 

30. 096 

29. 952 
30. 117 
30.355 



29. 071 
29. 445 
29. 711 

29. S62 
29. 914 
29. 593 
29. 770 
29. 512 

29. 481 
29. 425 
29. 193 
29. 530 
29. 893 

29. 889 
29. 791 
29. 894 
29. 89G 
29. 846 

29.812 
29. 701 
29. 839 
29. 872 
29. S93 

29. 853 
29.777 

29. 975 
30. 101 

30. OSS 

29. 917 
30.119 

30. 354 



29. 077 
29. 432 
24. 732 

29. 890 
29. 974 
29. 592 
29. 793 
29. 499 

29. 539 
29. 407 
29. 185 
29. 577 
29. 900 

29. 8S9 
29. 786 
29. 900 
29. S99 
29. S42 

29. 802 
29. 7GG 
29. S31 
29. S07 
29. 890 

29. 850 

29. 783 

29. 985 
30. 102 

30. 077 

29.911 
30. 12G 
30. 347 



29. 07S 
29. 412 
29. 739 

29. 908 
29. 842 
29. 582 
29. 813 
29.492 

29. 5S4 
29. 373 
29. 188 
29. 599 
29. 899 

29. SS0 
29. 801 
29. 905 
29. 886 
29. 839 

29. 802 
29. 776 
29. 829 
29. 865 
29. S96 

29. S49 
29. 780 

29. 994 
30. 100 

30. 066 

29. 942 
3D. 133 

30. 34 G 



29. G79 
29. 390 
29. 750 

29. 920 
29. 806 
29. 575 
29. 823 
29. 464 

29. 619 
29. 303 
29. 193 
29 621 
29. 897 

29. 8G7 
29. 799 
29. 905 
29. 88G 
29. 837 

29. 792 
29. 779 
29. 841 
29. 850 
29. 895 

29.844 
29. 783 

29. 99S 
30. 10G 

30. 009 

29. 940 
30.154 

30. 320 



29. 080 
29. 376 
29. 752 

29. 940 
29. 769 
29. 572 
29. 821 
29. 446 

29. 027 
29. 335 
29.181 
29. 651 
29. 903 

29. 801 
29. 779 
29. 90S 
29. 873 
29. 827 

29. 788 
29. 788 
29. 830 
29. 84 S 
29. 902 

29. S3G 

29. 785 

30. 018 
30.118 
30. 061 

29. 945 
30.172 

30. 327 



29. 684 
29. 359 
29. 754 

29. 957 
29. 737 
2ft 559 
29. 823 
29. 432 

29. 046 
29. 320 
29. 18S 
29. 063 
29. S95 

29. 852 
29. 781 
29. 911 
29. SGG 
29. 820 

29. 775 
29. 787 
29. 837 
29. 845 
29. 887 

29. 82S 

29. 794 

30. 028 
30. 115 
30. 04S 

29. 943 

30. 188 
30. 332 



29. 070 
29.551 
29. 583 

29. 791 
29. 970 
29. 634 
29. 705 
29. 657 

29. 439 
29. 535 
29.22H 
29.383 

29. S31 

29. 895 
29. 824 
29. 859 
29. 926 
29. 852 

29. S20 
29. 707 
29. 829 
29. 868 
29.862 

29. 870 

29. 797 
29.918 

30. 086 
30. 1 10 

29. 98C 

30. 053 
30.28S 



29. 084 
29. 684 
29. 754 

29. 957 

30. 055 
29. 720 
29. 823 
29. 820 

29. 040 
29. 090 
29. 320 
29. 603 
29. 903 

29. 927 

29. 865 
29.911 
29. 956 

29. S70 

29. 837 
29. 788 
29. S43 
29.890 
29. 902 

29. 907 

29. 837 

30. 028 
30.118 
30. 139 

30.041 
30. 188 
30.355 



29. 044 
29.359 
29. 372 

29. 694 
29. 737 
29. 559 
29. 535 
29. 432 

29. 355 
29. 320 
29.181 

29. 193 
29. 0S4 

29. 852 
29. 779 
29. 790 
'.'9. 866 
29. S20 

29. 775 
29. 753 
29.793 

29 845 
29. S24 

29. 828 

29. 77 1 
29.803 

30.030 

30. 04S 

•J!) 910 

29. <:■:::, 

3.1.171 



.040 
.325 
.382 

.263 
.318 
.161 

.288 
. 388 

.291 
.370 
.139 
.470 
. 219 

.075 
. 0S6 
. 121 
. 090 

. 050 

. 102 
. 035 
.050 
. 045 
. 078 

.079 
.003 
. 223 
. 082 
.091 

. Iftt 

l-:4 



29. 790 



29. 795 29. 790 



29. 795 



29. 797 



29.803 



29. 800 



29. 799 



29. 798 



29.795 ! 29.793 



!9. 875 



29. 700 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



215 



Tables shoioing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer ahovo sen. 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local lime, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. in. 


3 a. in. 


4 a. in. 


.3 a. in. 


(1 a. in. 


i a. in. 


S a. in. 


i) a. in. 


10 a. in. 


11 a. m. j 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


1SS2. 
Sept. 1... 
Sept. 2... 


30. 321 


30. 322 


30.314 


30.313 


30.315 


30.313 


30. 322 


30.336 


30.340 


30.301 


30. 300 


30. 300 


30. 386 


30. 406 


30.430 


30. 42S 


30. 42G 


30. 420 


30. 44G 


30.441 


30. 440 


30. 432 


30.430 


30. 424 


30.412 


30. 304 


30. 378 


30. 307 


Sept. 3... 
Sept, 4... 
Sept. 5... 
Sept. C... 


30. 200 


30. 200 


30. 183 


30.177 


30.170 


30.171 


30. 102 


30. 158 


30. 147 


Oil. 140 


30.149 


30.140 


30. 127 


30. 122 


30.040 


30. 048 


30. 030 


30.051 


30. 04S 


30. 044 


30. 040 


30. 031 


30. 027 


30. 027 


20.1)30 


30. 024 


30. 025 


30. 025 


20. 023 


20. 034 


20. 024 


20.012 


20.010 


20. 805 


20. S87 


20. 875 


20. S50 


20. 820 


20. 830 


20. SI 8 


29. 804 


29. 789 


20. 049 


20. G47 


20. 044 


20. 027 


20. 023 


29.611 


24.010 


20. C09 


20. 501 


29. 5SG 


20. 587 


29. 581 


29. 5G3 


29. 568 


Sept. 7... 


20. 57S 


20. GOG 


20. COO 


20.011 


29. 634 


20. 030 


20. G42 


20. 047 


20. 050 


20. G04 


20. COO 


29. 672 


29. 677 


20. 679 


Sept. 8... 


20. 78.3 


29. 703 


29 807 


20. SIS 


29.830 


20. 835 


2,1.827 


20. 825 


20. 842 


29. 84G 


20. 854 


20. 8G1 


20. 801 


29. 863 


Sept, !)... 


29. 878 


29. 888 


20. S82 


20. 80S 


20. 002 


20. 007 


20. 913 


20. 010 


20.012 


20. 015 


20. 007 


20. 905 


27. 807 


29. 893 


Sept. 10... 


29.818 


29. 807 


20. 794 


29. 787 


20. 782 


29. 772 


20. 7G0 


20.740 


20. 720 


20,717 


20. 705 


29. G87 


29. G6S 


29. 652 


Sept. 11... 


20. . St, -j 


20. 540 


20. 5 a 


20. 552 


20. 518 


20. 54G 


20. 543 


20. 541 


20.545 


20. 549 


29.553 


29. 549 


29. 543 


29. 543 


Sept. 12... 


20. GOG 


20. Gil 


20. 012 


20.021 


20. 03G 


29.644 


29. G44 


20. 010 


20. 004 


29. 6G7 


20. 674 


29. GS1 


29. 681 


29. 684 


Sept. 13... 


29.699 


20. 004 


20. GOG 


20. 702 


20.712 


20. 714 


29.719 


20. 722 


20.721 


20.720 


20. 722 


20. 725 


29.718 


29.714 


Sept. 14... 


20. 704 


20. 7H7 


20. 707 


20. 703 


29.714 


29.714 


20. 71G 


20.718 


20. 725 


20. 722 


20. 710 


20. 731 


29. 736 


29. 741 


Sept. 15... 


20. 812 


20.817 


20. 830 


29.834 


29.837 


20. 829 


20. 829 


20. 827 


20. 830 


2!). 827 


29.815 


20. 823 


29.817 


20. 823 


Sept. 16... 


20. GOO 


29. 005 


20. 070 


20.810 


29. 041 


20. 031 


29. GOO 


20.581 


29. 500 


29. 543 


29. 521 


20. 401 


20. 478 


29. 385 


Sept. 17... 


29.213 


20.214 


20. 180 


20. 174 


20.151 


29. 130 


20. 125 


20. 095 


20. OSG 


20. 072 


20. 005 


20. 048 


29.030 


29.030 


Sept. 18... 


20.].':;; 


29. 100 


20. 150 


20. 1 50 


20. 185 


20. 105 


20. 2115 


20. 210 


20. 227 


20. 230 


20. 230 


20.241 


29. 241 


29. 248 


Sept. 1!)... 


29.300 


20. 301 


29.320 


29.334 


29. 352 


29. 3S0 


29:399 


20. 414 


29. 434 


20. 450 


29. 4G4 


29. 486 


29. 50G 


29.518 


Sept. 20... 


20. 702 


20. 808 


20. 833 


29.860 


20.010 


29. 940 


29. 955 


20. 980 


29. 99G 


30.012 


30. 030 


30. 052 


30. OCG 


30. 081 


Sept, 21 . . . 


30. 004 


30. 053, 


30. 036 


30. 036 


RO. 025 


30.010 


30. Oil 


30. 004 


20. 002 


29. 001 


20. 982 


29. 980 


20. 957 


29. 945 


Sept. 22... 


29.913 


29. 91S 


20. 020 


20. 023 


20, 929 


20. 030 


29. 939 


20. 030 


29. 946 


20. 952 


29. 048 


29. 956 


29. 952 


29. 952 


Sept. 23... 


20. 040 


21). 939 


29. 945 


29.943 


20. 053 


29. 030 


29. 915 


29. 001 


29. 892 


20. SSO 


20. SCO 


20. S02 


29. 835 


29. 813 


Sept. 24... 


20. 021 


29. G37 


29.631 


29.606 


20. 500 


20. 570 


20. 502 


29. 543 


29. 541 


29. 528 


29. 521 


20. 514 


29. 494 


20. 489 


Sept. 25... 


20. G2t 


20. 657 


20. GTS 


29.701 


20. 743 


20. 773 


29. 793 


29. 820 


20. 83G 


29. 85S 


20. 880 


29. 804 


20. 900 


20. 905 


Sept. 20... 


2!'. 955 


20. 057 


20. 050 


20.052 


20. 053 


29. 050 


29. 037 


29. 923 


20.012 


29. 897 


29. 808 


20. 847 


29. 821 


20. 809 


Sept, 27... 


20.018 


20. 953 


20.013 


29. 945 


20. 9GG 


20. 005 


29. 94S 


20. 048 


20. 035 


20. 01S 


20. 013 


29. 901 


20. SSO 


20. 876 


Sept. 28.. . 


20. 777 


20. 773 


29. 7G7 


29.767 


20. 775 


20.782 


29. 783 


20. 777 


20. 789 


20. 70S 


29. 801 


29. 820 


20. 829 


29. 841 


Sept. 29... 


20. 851 


20. 8S0 


211.015 


20. 030 


20. 070 


20. 002 


29. 985 


20. 088 


29. 988 


29. 993 


30. 000 


30. 000 


20. 008 


30. 000 


Sept. 30... 


30. 0G2 


30. 0GG 


30. 057 


30. 007 


30. 052 


30, 032 


30. 007 


29. 984 


20. 072 


29. 940 


29. 918 


29. 895 


29. 864 


29. 830 


Means.. 


20. 705 


29. 802 


20. 801 


29.N10 


29.810 


29. MO 


20. 808 


29. 805 


29. 805 


20. S02 


29. 700 


29. 79S 


29. 791 


29. 780 



Date. 



3 p. in. 



4 p. in. 5 p. m. 



ti ]). in. 



7 p. m. 



S p. m. 



9 p. m. 



10 p. m. 



11 p. m. 12 p. m 



Daily 

means. 



Max. 



Min. 



Eanire. 



1SS2. 
Sept. 1.. 
Sept. 2.. 

Sept. 3 . . 

Sept. 4.. 

Sept. 5.. 

Sept. . 

Sept. 7.. 

Sept. 8.. 
Sept. 9.. 
Sept. 10.. 
Sept. 11.. 
Sept. 12.. 

Sept. 13.. 
Sept, 14.. 
Sept, 15.. 
Sept. 1G.. 
Sept. 17.. 

Sept. 18.. 
Sept. 10.. 
Sept. 20.. 
Sept. 21.. 
Sept. 22.. 

Sept. 23 . . 
Sept. 24.. 
Sept. 25, 
Sept. 26.. 
Sept, 27.. 

Sept. 28 . 
Sept. 29.. 
Sept. 30.. 

Means . 



30. 412 

30. 057 

30.110 
30. 02G 
29. 779 
29. 574 
20. 004 

20. S73 
29. S8S 
29. G41 
29. 044 
29. 690 

29.719 
29. 74 S 
29. 815 
29. 372 
29. 035 

20. 250 

29. 557 

30. 088 
20. 034 
29. 05G 

20. S04 
29. 477 
20.017 
29. 770 
29. S6S 

29. SU 
30.015 
29. 7SG 



20. 785 



30. 420 
30. 344 

30.110 
30. 030 
29. 701 
29. 503 
29. 702 

29. S70 
29. 883 
20. 020 
29. 540 
29. 697 

20.721 
29. 765 
29.810 
20. 377 

29. 043 

29.259 

20.581 

30. 105 
29. 030 
29. 951 

29.701 
20. 477 
29. 933 
29. 768 
29. 802 

29. 834 

30. 028 
29. 704 



20. 780 



30. 429 
30.334 

30. 110 
30. 024 
29. 755 
20. 57 L 
20.714 

20. SSO 
20. SSI 
29. 019 
29. 5G4 
29. 702 

20. 720 
20. 782 
20. 805 
20.401 
20. 053 



20.810 
30. 040 
29. 748 



30. 430 
30.319 

30. 104 
30.017 
20. 740 
20.571 
20. 721 

20. 880 

20.803 
20. OKI 
29. 567 
29. 702 

29.729 

20. 780 
20. 708 
20. 374 
29. 070 

20. 275 
20. 034 
30.110 
20.021 
29.054 

29. 755 
29. 500 
20. 947 
20.777 
20.841 

29. 807 

30.000 
20.731 



20.7S9 i 29.787 



30. 438 
30. 298 

30. 100 
30.006 
29. 72S 
29. 571 
29. 734 

29. 882 
29. 855 
29. 600 
20. 577 
20. 697 

29. 729 
29. 792 
29. 702 
29.352 

29. 078 

2:i. 271 
29. C50 
30. 100 
20.021 
29. 959 

20. 740 
20. 510 
29. 950 

29. 805 
20. S24 

20. 703 

30. 06S 
20. G97 

29. 784 



30.430 
30. 272 

30. 002 
20. 996 
29. 710 
29. 571 
29. 752 

29. SSO 
29. S49 
29. 580 
29. 584 
29. 695 

29. 724 
29. 7SS 
20. 777 
29. 319 
29. 070 

29. 208 
20. 681 

30. 003 
20. 020 
29. 959 

20.720 
20. 528 
29. 954 
20. 838 
20. 814 



30.452 

30. 250 

30. 090 
20. 973 
29. GS8 
29. 582 
29. 757 

29. S83 
29. 819 
29. 572 
29. 5S4 
20. 710 

29. 710 
29. S00 
29. 773 
29. 292 
29. 078 

29. 2G4 

29. 705 

30. 082 
20. 027 

2!). 057 

29. 700 
20. 550 
20 959 
20. 801 
2!). SCO 



20.703 ; 20.700 
30.064 30.065 
20.009 i 29.644 



30. 450 
30. 241 

30. 082 
20. 961 
29. 683 
29. 582 
29. 763 

29. 879 
29. 834 
29. 564 
29. 59S 
29. 699 

29. 712 
29. 791 
29. 747 
29. 2S0 
29. 089 

20. 2GG 

29. 730 

30. 0S6 
20.010 
29. 056 

29. 090 
29. 558 
29. 050 
29. 880 

20.703 

29. 809 

30. 071 
29. 007 



30.443 
30. 224 

30. 077 
20. 055 
29. 666 
29. 582 
29. 770 

29. 890 
29. 820 
29. 555 
29. 60G 
29. 704 

29. 711 
29. SOO 

29. 737 
20. 255 
20. 008 

20. 283 
20. 744 

30. 07S 
29.911 
29. 955 

29. 0S1 

29. 588 
20. 058 
20.001 
20. 7S4 

29.831 

30. 081 
20. 504 



30. 448 
30.210 

30. 070 
29. 945 
29. 650 
29. 592 
29. 784 

29. 892 
29. 827 
29. 549 
20. GOS 
29. 707 

20. 710 
20.709 
29. 720 
29. 245 
29. 117 

29. 291 

29. 700 

30. COG 
20. 904 

29. 953 

20. 665 
29.021 
29. 9G3 
29.918 
20. 775 

29. 843 

30. OSS 
29. 594 



30.381 

30. 364 

30.134 
30.018 
29. 806 
20.501 
29. 081 

29. S53 
29. S82 
29. 681 
29. 559 
29. 669 

29. 716 
29. 746 
29. 805 
29. 484 
29.099 

29. 230 
29.514 

30. 010 
29. 972 
20! 940 

29. 830 
29. 54 S 
29. 850 
20. 876 
20. 884 

20. 802 
30.004 
20. 859 



30.152 

30.440 

30. 200 
30. 051 
29. 934 
29.G49 
29. 784 

29. 892 
29. 915 
29. 818 
20. GOS 
29. 710 

29. 729 

29. 800 
20. 837 
20. GOO 
20. 214 

29. 291 
20. 7GG 
30. 110 

30. 064 
20. 059 

29. 949 
29. 637 
29. 903 
20. 057 

29. 960 

20. 843 
20. 085 

30. 006 



30. 313 
30. 210 

30. 070 
20. 045 
20. 650 
20. 503 
20. 578 

29. 785 
29. 82G 
29.549 
29. 541 
20. 506 

29. 694 
29. 703 
29. 720 
20. 245 
29.030 

29. 133 
29. 300 
29. 792 
29. 904 
29. 913 

29. 063 
29. 477 
29. 624 
29. 768 
20. 775 

20. 767 
29.851 
29. 594 



.139 
.236 

.130 
.100 
.284 
.086 
.200 

.107 
.089 
.209 
.067 
.114 

.035 
.097 
.117 
.454 
.184 

.158 
.466 
.318 
.160 
.040 

.2S4 
.160 
. 339 
.189 
.101 

. 076 
.234 
.472 



2! 1. 782 



29.77<> 



29.776 ! 29.777 ! 29.793 



29. 086 



216 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW. ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1831, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 i'eet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. in, 


3 a. in. 


i a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


a. in. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


1SS2. 
Oct. 1.... 


29. 021 


29.590 


29. 5S1 


29. 570 


29. 583 


39. 571 


29.561 


29. 568 


29. 578 


29. 5S3 


29. 59S 


29. 593 


29. 600 


29. 024 


Oct. ,%.... 


29. 071 


29. 070 


29. 093 


29. 091 


29. 710 


29. 729 


29. 730 


29. 73 1 


29. 733 


29. 734 


29. 74S 


29. 754 


29. 762 


29.774 


Oct. 3.... 


29. 904 


29. 907 


29. 940 


29. 950 


29. 973 


29. 980 


29. 994 


30. 001 


30. 005 


30. 014 


30. 021 


30. 023 


30.029 


30.034 


Oct. 4.... 


30. 012 


30. 000 


30. 007 


30. 006 


30. 010 


30. 005 


29. 995 


29. 994 


29. 987 


29. 9S1 


20. 988 


'jo. 980 


29. '175 


29. 972 


Oct. 5.-.. 


29. 8S2 


29. 878 


29. 880 


29. 871 


29. S5S 


29. 843 


29. 829 


29. 804 


29. 780 


29. 702 


29. 743 


29. 724 


29. 709 


29. 09.8 


Oct. 0.... 


29. 049 


29. 003 


29. 070 


29. 076 


29. 093 


29. 098 


29. 704 


29. 710 


29. 7 i 5 


29. 720 


29. 743 


29. 74S 


29. 749 


29. 700 


Oct, 7.... 


29. 997 


29. 923 


■J.). 920 


29. 933 


29. 950 


29. 970 


29. 970 


29. 9G7 


29. 971 


29. 970 


29. 974 


29. 97S 


29. 973 


29. 977 


Oct. 8.... 


£9. 900 


29. 969 


29.909 


29. 971 


29. 980 


29. 981 


29. 978 


29. 96S 


29. 970 


29. 907 


29. 974 


29. 970 


29. 973 


29. 978 


Oct. 9.... 


29. 988 


29. 995 


29. 9S5 


29. 990 


29. 997 


29. 990 


29. 994 


29. 9S3 


29. 975 


29. 971 


29. 975 


29. 972 


29. 971 


29. 963 


Oct. 10.... 


29. 903 


29. 903 


29. 900 


29. 966 


29. 978 


29. 985 


29. 985 


29. 985 


29. 9S2 


29. 985 


29. 985 


29. 979 


29. 974 


29. 9S0 


Oct. 11.... 


30. 001 


30.011 


30. 000 


30. 019 


30. 02S 


30. 035 


30. 033 


30. 033 


30. 036 


30. 038 


30. 03G 


30. 034 


30. 033 


30. 031 


Oct. 12 ... . 


30. 131 


30. 130 


30. 141 


30. 150 


30. 172 


30. 177 


30. 180 


30. 187 


30. 196 


30. 205 


30. 217 


30. 213 


30. 212 


30. 212 


Oct. 13.... 


30. 152 


30. 145 


30. 1-17 


30. 123 


30. 127 


30.117 


30.103 


30. 090 


30. 078 


30. 065 


30. 04S 


30. 031 


30.018 


30. 006 


Oct. 14.... 


29. 830 


29. 846 


29. 826 


29. 811 


29.816 


29. 813 


29. 809 


29. S00 


29. 79S 


29. 794 


29. 791 


29. 777 


29. 773 


29. 708 


Oct. 15.... 


29. 783 


29. 793 


29. S04 


29. S04 


29. S04 


29. 809 


29. 825 


29. 828 


29. 839 


29. 841 


29. 845 


29. 855 


29. 805 


29. 873 


Oct, 16.... 


29. 964 


29. 973 


29. 972 


29.979 


29. 993 


30. 001 


30. 000 


30. OOG 


30. 009 


30. 009 


30. 017 


30.014 


30.043 


30. 004 


Oct. 17..-. 


29. 947 


29. 953 


29. 944 


29. 932 


29. 939 


29. 931 


29. 918 


' 29. 90S 


29. 897 


29. 882 


29. 8G9 


29. 865 


29. 858 


•JO. 844 


Oct, IS.... 


29. 739 


29. 744 


29.7-19 


29. 719 


29.712 


29. 742 


29. 737 


29. 730 


29. 742 


29. 745 


29. 745 


29. 7 15 


29.742 


29. 738 


Oct, 19.... 


29. 750 


29. 773 


29. 703 


29. 771 


29. 781 


29. 783 


29.784 


29. 7S1 


29. 780 


29. 781 


29. 790 


29.781 


29. 770 


29. 773 


Oct. 21).... 


29. 734 


29. 730 


29. 722 


29. 722 


29. 721 


29.721 


29.721 


29.719 


29. 720 


29. 716 


29.710 


29. 711 


29. 71 2 


29. 714 


Oct, 21.... 


29. 745 


29. 755 


29. 707 


29. 759 


29. 709 


29. 773 


29. 77S 


29. 773 


29. 775 


29. 775 


29. 770 


29. 707 


29.701 


29. 750 


Oct. 22.... 


29. 733 


29. 741 


29.731! 


29. 741 


29. 755 


29. 745 


29. 743 


29. 733 


29. 737 


29. 732 


29. 733 


29. 736 


29. 730 


29. 720 


Oct, 23 ... . 


29. 077 


29. 680 


29. 674 


29. 071 


29. GS9 


29. 086 


29. G77 


29.669 


29. 667 


29. 6GS 


29. 667 


29. 007 


29. 009 


29. 674 


Oct, 24.... 


29. 708 


29. 707 


29. 709 


29. 720 


29. 729 


29. 729 


29. 729 


29. 734 


29. 741 


29.748 


29. 754 


29. 754 


27. 757 


29. 760 


Oct. 25.... 


29. 707 


£9. 784 


£9. 7.-13 


29. 788 


29. 799 


29. SOS 


29. 79S 


29. SOS 


29. SOS 


29. SOS 


29. S10 


29. 814 


29. S12 


29. 811 


Oct. 20.... 


29. S49 


29. 842 


29. 849 


29. 862 


29. 879 


29. 883 


29. SS3 


29. 8S4 


29. 893 


29. 895 


29. 895 


29. 893 


29. S97 


29. 894 


Oct, 27.... 


29. S46 


29/852 


29. S52 


29. 859 


29. 805 


29. 802 


29. S59 


29. 853 


29. 856 


29. 850 


29. SSI 


29. S52 


29. 853 


29. 859 


Oct. 28.... 


29. .-.61 


29. 871 


29. SSI 


29. S83 


29. S94 


29. S99 


29. 904 


29. 914 


29. 925 


29. 92G 


29. 933 


29. 937 


29. 941 


29. 943 


Oct. 29.... 


30. 028 


30. 035 


30. 02S 


30. 030 


30. 048 


30. 05G 


30. 058 


30. 071 


30. 073 


30. 086 


30. 080 


30. 095 


30. 097 


30. 098 


Oct, 30 


30. 077 


30. 100 


30. 092 


30. 092 


30. 105 


30. 096 


30. 092 


30. 073 


30. 055 


30. 028 


29. 994 


29. 955 


29. S9S 


29. 802 


Oct. 31.... 


29. S24 


29. 826 


29. 821 


29.836 


29. 827 


29. 811 
20.87S 


29. 794 


29. 773 


29. 757 


29. 753 


29. 744 


29. 735 


29. 732 


29. 728 


Sloans .. 


29. 862 


29. S07 
4 p. m. 


29. S07 


29. S69 


29.S78 


29. 877 


29. 874 


29. 874 


29. S72 


29. S73 


29. 869 


29. SG7 


29. 865 


Date. 


3 ii. m. 


3 p. m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


!) p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. in. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1S82. 
Oct. 1.... 


29. 031 


29. 051 


29. 006 


29. 672 


29. GG1 


29. GG1 


29. 077 


29. 072 


29. 068 


29. G68 


29.620 


29. 077 


2!U64 


.113 


Oct. 2.... 


29. 791 


29. 806 


29. 823 


29. 82S 


29. S47 


29. S50 


29. 864 


29. S74 


29. SS9 


29. 904 


29. 770 


29. 904 


29. 070 


.234 


Oct. 3.... 


30. 045 


30. 04G 


30. 047 


30. 037 


30. 037 


30. 028 


30. 029 


30. 020 


30. 020 


30. 020 


30. 004 


30. 047 


29. 904 


. 143 


Oct. 4.... 


29. 973 


29. 974 


29. 977 


29. 969 


29. 951 


29. 939 


29. 931 


29. 923 


29. 909 


29. 904 


29. 974 


30.016 


29. 904 


.112 


Oct. 5.... 


29. 082 


29. 077 


29. 632 


29. 652 


29. 639 


29. 629 


29. 645 


29. 641 


29. G45 


29. 052 


29. 741 


29. 852 


29. 029 


.253 


Oct, G.... 


29. 7S1 


29. 796 


29. 809 


29. 814 


29.S39 


29. 841 


29. 800 


29. S76 


29. S94 


29. 913 


29. 7G4 


29.913 


29. 049 


. 204 


Oct. 7.... 


29. 974 


29. 975 


29. 977 


29. 979 


29. 9S0 


29. 969 


29. 970 


29. 969 


29. 973 


29. 972 


29. 963 


29. 980 


29. 907 


.1173 


Oct. 8.... 


20. 983 


29. 985 


29. 98S 


29. 988 


29. 9SS 


29. 973 


29. 982 


29. 982 


29. 994 


• 29.999 


29. 978 


29. 999 


29. 900 


.033 


Oct, 9... 


29. 900 


29. 959 


29. 939 


29. 95S 


29. 955 


29. 962 


29. 959 


29. 959 


29. 971 


29. 971 


29. 974 


29. 997 




.042 


Oct, 10.... 


29. 98S 


29. 997 


30. 002 


29. 994 


29. 995 


29. 999 


30. 000 


30. 001 


30. 011 


30. 013 


29. 9S6 


30. 013 


29. 903 


.050 


Oct. 11.... 


30. 043 


30. 050 


30. 060 


30. 069 


30. 074 


30. 080 


30.089 


30. 107 


30.115 


30. 12G 


30. 049 


30. 126 


30.001 


.125 


Oct. 12.... 


30. 215 


30.216 


30. 212 


30.217 


30.211 


30. 195 


30. 18S 


30. 177 


30. 17S 


30. 173 


30.1SS 


30.217 


30.131 


.086 


Oct. 13.... 


29. 99G 


29. 974 


29. 95S 


29. 948 


29. 928 


29. 90G 


29. 903 


29. 877 


29. 85G 


29. 857 


30.019 


30.152 


29. 850 


. 290 


Oct. 14.... 


29. 764 


29. 763 


29. 747 


29. 747 


29. 747 


29. 751 


29. 745 


29. 756 


29. 766 


29. 765 


29. 783 


29. 840 


29. 745 


.101 


Oct. 15.... 


29. SS6 


. 29. S92 


29. 895 


29. 907 


29. 920 


29. 923 


29. 928 


29. 940 


29. 953 


29. 90S 


29. 860 


29. 90S 


29. 78:: 


.185 


Oct, 10... . 


30. 005 


30. 021 


30. 010 


29. 999 


29. 991 


29. 981 


29. 982 


29. 974 


29. 973 


29. 968 


29. 904 


30. 021 


29. 964 


.057 


Oct. 17.... 


29. 834 


29. S21 


29. 813 


29. 809 


29. 804 


29. 785 


29. 773 


29. 772 


29. 768 


29. 760 


29. 859 


29. 953 


29. 760 


.193 


Oct. IS.... 


29. 737 


29. 735 


29. 730 


29. 742 


29. 750 


29. 757 


29. 751 


29. 75G 


29. 764 


29. 770 


29. 745 


29. 770 


29. 730 


.040 


Oct. 19.... 


29. 771 


29. 7G9 


29. 709 


29. 762 


29. 751 


29. 745 


29. 741 


29. 741 


29. 743 


29. 73S 


29. 707 


29. 7P0 


29. 73S 


.052 


Oct. 20.... 


29.719 


29. 726 


29. 732 


29. 732 


29. 732 


29. 732 


29. 732 


29. 738 


29. 740 


29. 754 


29. 720 


29. 75 1 


29.711 


. 043 


Oct. 21.... 


29. 702 


29. 760 


29. 75S 


29. 758 


29. 758 


29. 758 


29. 751 


29. 749 


29. 747 


29. 740 


29. 7G2 


29. 778 


29.715 


. 033 


Oct. 22.... 


29. 715 


29. 710 


29.716 


29. 710 


29. 717 


29. 715 


29. 711 


29. 712 


29. 702 


29. 701 


29. 720 


29. 755 


29. 702 


. 053 


Oct. 23.... 


29. 687 


29. 692 


29. 694 


29. 701 


29. 706 


29. 706 


29. 709 


29. 709 


29. 709 


29. 711 


29. 086 


29. 7.1 1 


29. G67 


.044 


Oct. 24.... 


29. 709 


29. 774 


29. 778 


29. 780 


29. 778 


29. 774 


29. 779 


29. 779 


29. 774 


29. 778 


29. 752 


29. 780 


29. 707 


.073 


Oct, 25.... 


29.819 


29. 820 


29. 822 


29. 827 


29. 832 


29. 836 


29. 836 


29. S55 


29. 850 


29. 854 


29. 814 


29.856 


29. 707 


. ii89 


Oct. 20.... 


29.891 


29. 882 


29. 892 


29. 892 


29. 882 


29. 882 


2!). 883 


29. 87S 


29. 875 


29. 871 


29. 880 


29. 897 


29. 812 


. 055 


Oct, 27.... 


29. 854 


29. 853 


29. 851 


29. 851 


29. 853 


29. S53 


29. 866 


29. 808 


29. 808 


29.869 


29. 850 


29. 809 


29.846 


. 023 


Oct. 2S.... 


29. 950 


29. 970 


29. 985 


29. 990 


29. 996 


29. 999 


30. 014 


30. 015 


30. 027 


30. 038 


29. 946 


30. 038 


29.861 


.177 


Oct, 29.... 


30. 079 


30. 078 


30. 078 


30.004 


30. 003 


30. 076 


30. 083 


30. OSS 


30. 095 


30.114 


30. 071 


30. 114 


30. 028 


.086 


Oct, 30.... 


29. S30 


29. 795 


29. 772 


29. 763 


29. 703 


29. 772 


2!). 790 


29. 797 


29. 805 


29.816 


29. 934 


30. 10G 


29. 763 


. 343 


Oct. 31.... 


29. 732 
29. 807 


29. 751 


29. 787 


29. 799 


29. 804 


29. 795 


29. 790 


29. 709 


29. 764 


29. 739 


29. 779 


29. 836 


29. 72S 


.108 


Means .. 


29. 869 

! 


29. 870 


29.870 


29. 809 


29. S67 

1 


29. 870 


i 29. 870 

1 


29. 873 


29. 875 


29. 870 


29. 92S 


29.812 


.116 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABTJOW, ALASKA, 



217 



Tables sltoioing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction I'or mean local time. —5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. ni. 


2 :i. ui. 


3 a, in . 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


(J a. in. 


7 a. in. 


S a. m. 


9 a, m, 


10 a. in. 


11 a.m. 


12 in. 


1 p. m. 

* 


2 p. m. 


18S2. 
Nov. 1... 


29. 721 


29. 701 


29. 070 


29. G51 


29. 031 


29. 597 


29. 5G5 


29. 52.7 


20.511 


20. 487 


20. 470 


29. 457 


29. 440 


29. 431 
29. 011 


Nov. 


2 


29. 170 


20. 4 no 


20. 402 


20. :,1() 


29. 497 


29, 505 


29. 300 


20.402 


29. 407 


20.4S9 


29.491 


29. 531 


29. 571 




:;... 


29.031 


30. 010 


30.041 


30. 004 


30.088 


30. 09G 


30.088 


30. 098 


30. 100 


30. 1 1 2 


30, 108 


30. 103 


30. 090 


30. 093 




4... 


30.119 


30.113 


30.119 


30.1 18 


30.127 


30.132 


30. 122 


30.104 


30. 000 


30, ooo 


30.083 


30. 074 


30. 071 


30. 0G3 


Nov. 




29.950 


29. 914 


29. 951 


29.954 


29. 1U9 


29.011 


•JO. Oil 


29. 02S 


29. 922 


20. 927 


20.025 


20. 029 


29. 020 


29. 921 


Nov. 


u... 


29.904 


29. 899 


29. 912 


20. 920 


29. 024 


29. 931 


20. 943 


20. 94 8 


29. 957 


20. 003 


20. 070 


29. 991 


30. 000 


30. 008 


Nov 


7 


30.111 


30.110 


30. 121 


30. 117 


30. US 


30. 123 


30.123 


30.103 


30.097 


30. 089 


30.071 


30. 050 


30. 044 


30. 025 


Nov. 


8... 


29. 7(17 


29. 744 


29. 738 


29. 733 


20.714 


29. 704 


29.696 


20. G83 


20. 083 


29. 680 


29. 689 


20. 090 


29. 700 


2,0. 710 


Nov. 


0... 


29. 760 


29. 775 


29. 755 


20. 739 


29. 724 


29. 706 


29. 003 


29. GOO 


29.013 


20. 621 


29. 589 


29.562 


29. 342 


29. 519 


Nov. 


10... 


29.294 


29.305 


•20. 30 1 


2!'. 308 


29.316 


20. 324 


20. 334 


29. 354 


29. 374 


20. 406 


20.43!) 


20. 1.37 


29. 470 


29. 506 


Nov. 


1L... 


2H.410 


29. 439 


29. 430 


29.437 


29. 428 


29.429 


20.420 


29. 432 


29. 430 


29. 441 


20.413 


20. 453 


20. 450 


29. 473 


Nov. 


12... 


•20. 002 


29. G83 


20. 700 


20. 739 


29. 757 


20. 7G1 


20.777 


29. 783 


20. 788 


20. 700 


29. 70 ! 


29. 703 


20. 707 


29. 798 


Nov. 


13... 


29. 781 


20, 781 


29.797 


29. 787 


29. 805 


29. 303 


29. 806 


29. 80G 


20. -i„: 


20. 807 


29.812 


20. 814 


30. 822 


29. 825 


Nov. 


14... 


29.831 


29, 843 


29. 842 


20. 847 


29. 863 


29. 855 


29. 801 


20. SGI 


20. 8G3 


29. 862 


20. 860 


20. 873 


20. .,73 


29. 8GG 


Nov. 


].->... 


29. *79 


29. 880 


29.876 


29. 875 


20. BG1 


20. 8.74 


29. 837 


29. 820 


29.81! 


29. 795 


20.777 


20. 770 


29. 70,3 


29. 738 


Nov. 


16... 


•20. 00G 


29. G07 


29. 591 


29. G01 


29. 588 


29.581 


29. 371 


29. 360 


29. 5G4 


20. 507 


29. 53 1 


20. 550 


29. 502 


29. 551 


Nov. 


17... 


29. 551 


20. 559 


29. 554 


20. 541 


20. :,10 


29. 513 


29. .334 


9.51 


29. 402 


20. 493 


20. 481 


20. 181 


29. 409 


20. 437 


No v. 


IS... 


29. 302 


29. 395 


29. 302 


2p 3S4 


29. 3S4 


29. 302 


20. 40.3 


29. 400 


20. 308 


29. 397 


29. 40S 


20. 420 


29.424 


29. 42G 


Nov. 


19... 


29. 509 


20. :.2 1 


29.519 


29. 538 


20. 554 


20. 563 


29. 578 


29. 599 


29. G01 


29. 009 


20. 010 


20. 030 


331.03-1 


29. 053 


Nov. 


20... 


■20. 709 


29.718 


20.721 


29. 720 


29. 747 


29, 745 


29. 731 


29. 702 


20. 703 


29. 771 


29. 7.38 


29. 764 


20. 700 


20. 770 


Nov. 


21... 


29. 074 


29. GOG 


29. 034 


29. 658 


29. 628 


29. GIG 


29. 304 


20. 584 


20. 553 


29. 544 


20. .321 


20. 403 


29. ISO 


20. 45S 


Nov. 


22 


29. 318 


20. 309 


20.315 


20. 332 


29.322 


29. 332 


20. 340 


29. 353 


29. 302 


29. 378 


20. 394 


29.411 


29.430 
29.T125 


20. 45 1 


Nov. 


y> 


29. 098 


20.714 


20. 739 


29. 703 


20. 791 


20.700 


29.S13 


29. 835 


29. 864 


29. 875 


29. 892 


29. 912 


29. 030 


Nov. 


24... 


30.101 


30.105 


30.123 


30.148 


30. 162 


30. 174 


30. 18G 


30. 104 


30. 200 


30.209 


30.218 


30. 228 


30.320 


30. 230 


Nov. 


25... 


30.291 


30.33G 


30. 358 


30. 304 


30. 422 


30. 445 


30. 451 


30.4SI 


30. 491 


30.493 


30.498 


DO. 498 


30. 502 


30. 500 


Nov. 


2G... 


30. 440 


30.440 


30.442 


30. 428 


30.421 


30. 400 


30.377 


30. 374 


30. 33S 


30. 340 


30. 303 


30. 293 


30.260 


30. 238 


Nov. 


27... 


30.043 


30. (140 


30.014 


. 30.017 


30. 099 


20. 07.3 


29. 95S 


29. 940 


29. 911 


20. 895 


29. SG8 


29. 856 


29. S10 


29. 838 


Nov. 


28... 


29. 774 


29. 790 


29. 795 


29. 799 


29. 804 


29. S14 


20.S1G 


29. S15 


29. 818 


29. 828 


20. 8+7 


29. 872 


29. 886 


29.801 


Nov. 


29... 


30. 074 


30. 000 


20. 100 


30.150 


30.188 


20.204 


30. 212 


30.219 


30. 224 


30. 230 


30.224 


30. 223 


30. 220 


20.221 


Nov. 


;;o . . . 
ans -- 


30. 170 
29.799 


30. 144 


30. 140 


30. 124 


30. 104 


30. 087 


30. 0G2 


30.043 


30. 024 


30. 018 


20. 90G 


29. 979 


20. 000 


29. 9G4 


Mi 


29. 805 


29. 808 


29. 814 


29.816 


29. 814 


29. 812 


29. 810 


29. 800 


20. 807 


20. S03 


29. 800 


20. S0G 


29. 806 



Date. 



1882. 
Nov. 1. 



Nov. 2. 

Nov. '3. 

Nov. 4. 

Nov. 5. 

Nov. 6. 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov 



Nov. 11... 

Nov. 12.. 
Nov. 13".. 
Nov. 14.. 
Nov. 15.. 
Nov. 16.. 

Nov. 17.. 

Nov. IS-. 

Nov. 19.. 

Nov. 20.. 

Nov. 21. . 

Nov. 22.. 
Nov. 23.. 
Nov. 24.. 
Nov. 25. . 
Nov. 26.. 

Nov. 27.. 
Nov. 28.. 
Nov. 29.. 
Nov. 30.. 

Means . 



.) p. in. 



20. 430 

20. 642 
30. 100 

30. 043 
20.013 
30. 021 

30. 005 
20. 729 
29.484 
20. 508 
29. 430 

29. 793 

29. 837 
20. 875 
29. 728 
29. 504 

29. 424 

29. 429 
20.003 
20. 77G 
29.441 

20.481 
20. 900 
30.244 
30.503 

30. 215 

29. 829 
29.014 

30. 237 
20. 936 



20. 808 



4 p. m. 



.) p. in. 



29.443 

29. G90 
30.111 

30. 022 
20. S09 
30. 033 

20. 9SG 
20. 74G 
20. 465 
29. 505 
29. 500 

29. 7SG 
29. 834 
20. SS4 

ai.7io 



20. 420 
20.435 
29. G74 
29. 7.36 
29. 427 

29. 500 
20. 975 

30. 237 
30. 500 
30. 200 

29. 821 
20. 933 

30. 2.55 
29. 0.30 



29. 800 



20. 433 

20. 722 
30.114 
30.014 

29. 900 

30. 052 

29. 981 
29. 750 
20. 445 
29. 502 
29. 527 

29. 793 
29.841 
29. 803 
20. 700 
20.512 

29. 434 
20. 113 
29. 074 
20.740 
20. 4u7 

29. 52G 
29.001 

30. 252 
30.403 

30.178 

29. 807 
29. 914 
30.2(3 
29. 042 



(5 p. m. 



29.438 

29. 773 
30.109 

30. 007 

20.003 
30. 005 

20. 951 
20. 705 
20.417 
29. 479 
29. 542 

29. 7S3 
29. S43 

29. 806 
29. 6S7 

30.512 

20. 402 
29. 448 
20. 083 
20. 74G 
20. 303 

29. 539 
20. 004 

30. 2.32 
30. 401 

30. 154 

29. 787 
29. 959 
00. 230 
29. 910 



H. Ex. 44- 



29.810 20 800 



-28 



I p. 



20. 43G 

29. 809 
30.104 
29. 802 

29. S96 

30. 075 

29. 924 
20. 770 
29. 397 
20. 470 
29. 560 

20. 78S 
20.830 
29. 890 
29. 604 

20. 3.30 

20. 302 
20.452 
29. 687 
29. 751 
29. 379 

29. 502 

30. 008 
30. 223 
30. 484 
30.119 

20. 787 
20. 981 
30. 230 
20. 903 



S p. m. 



20. 435 



9 p. m. 10 p. m 



29. 435 



29. 835 


29. 876 


30. 104 


30.105 


29. 979 


29. 981 


29. 896 


20. 897 


30. OSO 


30. 097 



29. 801 
29. 77G 

20. 372 
20. 40,7 
20. 572 

29. 78S 
20. 834 
29.881 
20.040 
29. 555 

20. 383 
20. 457 
29. 080 
29.745 

29. 370 

20. 585 

30. 030 
30. 237 
30. 473 
30. 10G 

29. 775 

29. 9S5 

30. 230 
29. 895 



29. 805 I 29. 803 



20.800 
29. 7S0 
29. 355 
20.417 
20. G01 

20. 774 
20. 837 
29. 882 
29. G27 
29. 502 

29. 380 
29. 470 
29. 69 1 
20. 737 
29. 3C0 

29. 006 

30. 047 

30.241 
20.473 
20.101 

20. 779 
30.011 
30. 213 
29. S83 

29. 805 



29. 475 

29. 903 
SO. 105 
29. 977 
29. 899 
30.102 

29. 833 
29. 792 
29.330 
29. 440 
20. 611 

29. 770 

20. 830 
20. S77 
20. 022 
29. 55S 

29. 390 
29. 4S7 
20. 700 
20. 729 
29. 341 

29. 035 

30. 058 

20.243 
30.400 
30. 001 

29. 770 

30. 024 
30. 200 
20. 8.3G 

29. S05 



11 p.m. 12 p. m. 



Daily 

means. 



20. 492 

29. 945 
30.112 
29. 972 
29. 908 
30. 112 

29. 819 
29. 79S 
25.313 
25. 448 
29. 030 

29. 7S2 
29. 833 
29. 872 
29. 624 
29. 502 

29. 302 
29. 491 
29. 097 
29. 720 
29. 343 

29. 648 
30.081 
30.251 

30. 459 
30 077 

29. 778 

30. 038 
30. 200 
29. S0.3 

29. 809 



29. 497 

29. 982 
30. 128 
29. 9G2 

29. 903 

30. US 

29. 791 
29. 792 
29. 299 
29. 433 
29. 656 

29. 783 
29. 838 
29. 877 
29. 632 
29. 5G8 

29. 391 
29. 502 
29. 700 
29. 708 
29. 342 



29. 517 

29. G39 
30.091 

30. 057 

29. 023 

30. 002 

30. 015 
29. 735 

29.510 

29.413 

29.493 

29. 770 
29. 817 
29. 8G8 
29. 758 
29. 508 

29. 407 
20. 125 
20. 024 
20. 746 
29. 497 

29. 450 
20. 90S 

30. 207 
30.457 

30. 2G7 

29. S?l 
20. 831 
30.201 
29. 003 



Mas. 



29.. 80S 



Min. IJanjjo. 



29. 724 

20. 982 
30.128 
30.133 

29. 956 

30. US 

30.123 
20. 70S 
29. 77.3 
29. 508 
29. 056 

29. 79S 
29. S43 
29. 809 
29. S80 
29. 007 

29. 559 
29. 502 
20. 700 
20. 770 
29. 074 

29. G70 

30. 004 
30. 2S7 

30.503 
30. 412 

30. 040 
30. 052 
30. 255 
30. 170 



20. 02 



29. 430 

20. 47G 
29. 981 
20. 902 
29. 89G 
29. 899 

20. 701 
29. 680 
20. 209 
29.294 

20.410 

20.002 
29. 7S1 
20.831 
20. G24 
29. 312 

29. 390 
29. 302 
20. 509 
29. 708 
29.341 

29. 309 

29. 698 

30.101 
30.201 

30. 067 

20. 775 

29. 774 

30. 074 
29. S49 



29. 004 



. 500 
.147 
.170 
.000 
.219 

.332 
.118 
.470 
.214 
.216 

. 136 
.002 
.008 



. 100 
. 140 
.101 
.071 
.333 

. 361 
. 30G 

.180 
.212 



,181 
. 321 



228 



218 



EXPEDITION.TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1SS3 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sen, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a, m. 


3 a. ni. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


G a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a.m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


1882. 
Dec. 1 ... 


20. 850 


29. 847 


29. 850 


29. 853 


29. 850 


29. S53 


29. 852 


29. S45 


29. 852 


29. 802 


29. 880 


29. SS9 


29. 8S9 


29. 901 


Dec. 2.... 


29. 90S 


29. 969 


29. 9G8 


29. 9S5 


29. OSS 


29. 984 


29. 980 


29. 982 


29. 985 


29. 979 


29. 988 


29. 995 


30. 005 


30. 003 


Dec. :;.... 


30. 015 


30.031 


30. 047 


30. 030 


30. 026 


30. 024 


30. 028 


30. 031 


30. 029 


30. 022 


30. 027 


30. 030 


30. 034 


30. 030 


Dec. 4.... 


30.114 


30. 117 


30. 127 


30. 137 


30. 152 


30. 167 


30. 169 


30. 176 


30. 17G 


30.182 


30. 190 


30. 202 


30.214 


30. 222 


Dec. 5.... 


30. 230 


30. 23S 


30. 240 


30. 228 


30. 231 


30. 224 


30.211 


30. 198 


30. 189 


30. 169 


30. 161 


30. 154 


30. 145 


30. 139 


Dec. 6.... 


29. 955 


29. 953 


29. 918 


29. 924 


29. 922 


29. 905 


29. 905 


29. 887 


29. 8S1 


29. 874 


29. 877 


29 801 


29. 852 


29. 851 


Dec. 7.... 


29. 902 


29.909 


29. 914 


29. 927 


29. 950 


29. 975 


29. 985 


30. 001 


30. 007 


30.021 


30. 035 


30. 054 


30. 070 


30. 080 


Dec. S.... 


30. 2G5 


30. 275 


30. 290 


30. 287 


30. 29S 


30. 306 


30. 309 


30. 294 


30. 290 


30. 291 


30. 276 


30. 265 


30. 203 


30. 258 


Dec. 9.... 


30. 221 


30. 239 


30. 25S 


30. 275 


30. 306 


30. 325 


30. 347 


30. 363 


30. 385 


30. 404 


30.419 


30. 433 


30. 465 


30. 477 


Dec. 10.... 


30. 072 


30. C82 


30. 703 


30.711 


30. 733 


30. 747 


30. 759 


30. 761 


30. 771 


30. 7S0 


30. 792 


30. 794 


30. SOS 


30. 811 


Dec. 11.... 


30. 877 


30. S80 


30. SSO 


30. S94 


30. 905 


30. 90S 


30. 919 


30. 939 


30. 935 


30. 944 


30. 944 


30. 949 


30. 945 


30. 957 


Dec. 12.... 


30. 940 


30. 920 


30. 917 


30. 934 


30. 917 


30. 8S7 


30. 882 


30. 891 


30. 882 


30. 850 


30. 860 


30.854 


30. 847 


30. 845 


Dec.i:;.... 


30. 080 


30. 059 


30. 647 


30. 624 


30. 609 


30. 002 


30. 573 


30. 550 


30. 542 


30. 517 


30. 489 


30. 462 


30. 435 


30.413 


Dec.14.... 


30.215 


30. 19S 


30. 178 


30. 177 


30. 182 


30. 1S5 


30. 195 


30. 203 


30. 211 


30. 222 


30. 230 


30. 233 


30. 252 


30. 254 


Dee. 15 


30. 222 


30.212 


30. 192 


30.175 


30. 167 


30. 151 


30. 133 


30. 129 


30.110 


30. 117 


30. 105 


30. 092 


30. 080 


30. 0S4 


Dec. 10... . 


23. 993 


29. 998 


29. 978 


29. 973 


29. 961 


29. 929 


29. 918 


29. 901 


29. 874 


29. 860 


29. 835 


29. 829 


29. 821 


29. 809 


Dec. 17.... 


29. 714 


29.714 


29.719 


29. 716 


29. 739 


29. 740 


29. 741 


29. 743 


29. 750 


29. 749 


29. 750 


29. 750 


29. 750 


29. 753 


Dec. 13.... 


29. 757 


29. 754 


29. 75G 


29. 751 


29. 754 


29. 754 


29. 751 


29. 740 


29.740 


29. 747 


29. 741 


29. 732 


29. 731 


29. 722 


Dec.]!'.... 


29. 050 


29. 641- 


29. C49 


29. 027 


29. 024 


29. 014 


29. 000 


29. 595 


29. 5S3 


29. 570 


29. 500 


29. 55S 


29. 552 


29. 543 


Dec. 20.... 


29. 402 


29.451 


29. 434 


29. 44S 


29. 445 


29. 443 


29. 435 


29. 430 


29. 431 


29. 42S 


29. 428 


29. 427 


29. 42S 


29.426 


Dec. 21... 


29.404 


29. 401 


29. 400 


29. 405 


29. 4S9 


29. 497 


29. 502 


29.499 


29. 511 


29. 512 


29. 523 


29. 532 


29.541 


29. 551 


Doc. 22 ... . 


29. 592 


29. 004 


29. 014 


29. 599 


29.012 


29. 621 


20. 024 


29. 626 


29. 032 


29. 634 


29. 033 


29. 037 


29. 040 


29. 001 


Doc, 2:;.... 


29. 702 


29. 793 


29. 795 


29. 818 


29. 827 


29. 848 


29. 851 


29. S65 


29. 880 


29. 887 


29.904 


29.913 


29. 925 


29. 927 


Dec. 21.... 


29.911 


29. 905 


29. 90S 


29. 913 


29. 923 


29. 933 


29. 93 1 


29. 924 


29. 922 


29. 921 


29. 920 


29. 923 


29. 936 


29. 940 


Dec. 25.... 


30.001 


30. O0S 


30.017 


30. 014 


30. 030 


30. 021 


30. 012 


30. 000 


29. 990 


29. 982 


29. 952 


29. 938 


29. 932 


29. 921 


Dec. 20.... 


29. 718 


29. 714 


29. 704 


29. 080 


29. 679 


29. 059 


29. 642 


29. 628 


29. 011 


29. 594 


29. SSO 


29. 592 


29. 589 


29. 5S5 


Dec. 27.... 


29. 05G 


29. 073 


29. 694 


29. 713 


29. 741 


29. 769 


29. 792 


29. S19 


29. 839 


29. 858 


29. SSI 


29. 901 


29.911 


29. 927 


Dec. 28.... 


30. 159 


30.181 


30.212 


30. 244 


30. 275 


30.292 


30.302 


30. 305 


30. 280 


30. 2S3 


30. 271 


30. 240 


30. 220 


30. 197 


Dec. 28 .... 


29. 955 


29. 940 


29. 942 


29.915 


29. 919 


30.021 


30.149 


30. 247 


30. 341 


30. 420 


30. 467 


30. 523 


30. 569 


30. 61S 


Dec. :)U 


30. S24 


30. 833 


30. 843 


30. 830 


30. 830 


30. S20 


30. SOS 


30. 810 


30. 808 


30. 791 


30. 774 


30. 757 


30. 755 


30. 748 


Dec. 31.... 


30. 059 


30. 653 


30. 606 


30. 054 


30. 05S 


30. 039 


30. 639 


30. 029 


30. 606 


30. 001 


30. 573 


30. 561 


30. 55S 


30. 515 


Means .- 


30.078 


30. 079 


30. 081 


30. 082 


30. 0S9 


30. 092 


30. 095 


30. 097 


30. 099 


30. 099 


30. 099 


30. 100 


30. loj 


30. 10-1 



v Date. 


3 p. HO. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


C p. m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
menns. 


ilex. 


Min. 


Range. 


1882. 
Dec 1.... 


29. 917 


29. 927 


29. 925 


29. 925 


29. 940 


29. 945 


29. 951 


29. £04 


29. 966 


29. 962 


29. 89G 


29. 9GG 


29. 845 


.121 


Dec. 2... 


29. 99S 


30. 003 


30. 005 


30. 013 


30. 018 


30. 01S 


30. 015 


30. 015 


30. 024 


30. 038 


29. 997 


30. 038 


29. 968 


.070 


Dec. 3... 


30.010 


30. 060 


30.004 


30. 002 


30. 063 


30. 072 


30. 0S2 


30. 093 


30. 095 


30. 098 


30. 084 


30. 098 


30.015 


.0S3 


Dec. 4.... 


30. 241 


30. 247 


30. 245 


30.231- 


30. 234 


30. 240 


30.241 


30. 250 


30. 251 


30. 247 


30. 199 


30. 251 


30. 114 


.137 


Dec. 5 


30. 121 


30. 105 


30. 093 


30. 007 


30. 057 


30. 025 


30.017 


30. 012 


29. 995 


29. 986 


30.135 


30. 240 


29. 98G 


.254 


Dec. 6.... 


29. SOS 


29. 874 


29. 87G 


29. S78 


29. S73 


29. 809 


29. 862 


29. 871 


29. 890 


29. 89S 


29. 889 


29. 955 


29. 851 


.104 


Dec. 7.... 


30.102 


30. 123 


30. 152 


30, 172 


30. 189 


30. 204 


30. 22S 


30. 243 


30. 255 


30. 257 


30. 073 


30. 257 


29. 902 


.355 


Dec. 8 


30. 245 


30. 226 


30.217 


30.181 


30. 170 


30.109 


30. 172 


30. 17S 


30. 183 


30. 213 


30. 247 


30. 309 


30. 176 


.133 


Dec. 9.... 


30. 500 


30. 520 


30. 550 


30. 505 


30. 570 


20. SOS 


30. 621 


30. 634 


30. 654 


30. 673 


30. 450 


30. G73 


30. 221 


.452 


Dec. 10 


30. 821 


30. 827 


30. 826 


30. S33 


30. 840 


30. 842 


2,0. S55 


30. 805 


30. S82 


30. 895 


30. 792 


30. 895 


30. 072 


.223 


Dec. 11.... 


30. 950 


30. 950 


30. 9G4 


30.905 


30.96j 


30. 95S 


30. 940 


30.940 


30. 950 


30. 938 


30.934 


30.905 


30. 877 


.088 


Doc. 12... 


30. 847 


30. 830 


30. 811 


30. 797 


30. 780 


30. 75S 


30. 754 


30. 751 


30. 740 


30. 722 


30. 843 


30. 940 


30. 722 


.218 


Dec. 13.... 


30. 397 


30. 390 


30. 380 


30. 341 


30.311 


30. 277 


30. 264 


30. 254 


30.240 


30. 232 


30. 454 


30. 686 


30. 232 


.454 


Dec. 14.... 


30. 253 


30. 205 


30. 200 


30. 200 


30. 200 


3li. 200 


30. 256 


30.234 


30. 224 


30.222 


30. 227 


30. 266 


30. 177 


.089 


Dec. 15.... 


30. 077 


30. 079 


30. 081 


30. 080 


30.059 


30. 050 


30. 038 


30. 029 


30.016 


30. Oil 


30. 104 


30. 222 


30.011 


.211 


Dee. 10.... 


29. 803 


29. 785 


29. 779 


29. 769 


29. 739 


29. 731 


29. 72S 


29. 731 


29. 733 


29. 727 


29. 842 


29. 998 


29. 727 


.271 


Dec.17.... 


29. 755 


29. 703 


29. 705 


29. 768 


29. 701 


29. 752 


29. 753 


29. 760 


29. 7G2 


29. 756 


29. 747 


29. 76S 


29. 714 


. 054 


Dec. is... 


29. 722 


29. 717 


29. 715 


29. 705 


29. 690 


29. 680 


29. 072 


29. 664 


29. COS 


29. 604 


29. 723 


29. 757 


29. 664 


.093 


Dec.19... 


29. 534 


29. 535 


29. 528 


29. 523 


29. SOS 


29. 498 


29.409 


29.487 


29. 4S4 


29. 473 


29. 560 


29. 656 


29. 473 


.183 


Dec. 2ii 


29. 427 


29.433 


29. 44S 


29.448 


29. 452 


29. 400 


29. 450 


29. 456 


29.461 


29. 472 


29.443 


29. 472 


29.426 


.040 


Dec. 21.... 


29. SOS 


29. 572 


29. 579 


29. 586 


29. 588 


29. 594 


29. 593 


29. 597 


29. 605 


29. 601 


29. 537 


29. 005 


29. 460 


.145 


Dec. 22.... 


29. G72 


29. 684 


29. GS9 


29. 094 


29. 703 


29. 709 


29. 72-1 


29. 730 


29. 747 


29. 760 


29. 001 


29. 700 


29. 592 


.168 


Dec. 23 ... 


29. 926 


29. 924 


29. 924 


29. 924 


29. 924 


29. 916 


29. 924 


29. 927 


29. 925 


29. 91G 


29. 8S4 


29. 927 


29. 762 


. 105 


Dec. 24... 


29. 949 


29. 949 


29. 90S 


29. 982 


29. 9S5 


29. 994 


29. 993 


29. 999 


29. 90S 


30. 011 


29. 948 


So! oil 


29. 905 


.10G 


Dec. 25.... 


29. 921 


29. 902 


29. SS5 


29. 850 


29. S3S 


29. S23 


29. 802 


29. 795 


29. 770 


29. 754 


29. 923 


30. 030 


29. 754 


.276 


Dec. 20.... 


29.573 


29. 570 


29. 5S2 


29. 584 


29. 570 


29. 584 


29. 007 


29. 022 


29. 626 


29. 045 


29. 624 


29.718 


29. 573 


145 


Dec.27... 


29. 935 


29.948 


29. 903 


29.904 


29. 977 


29. 989 


30.013 


20. 039 


20. 082 


30. 121 


29. SS4 


30.122 


29. 050 


. 4iifl 


Dec. 28.... 


30.185 


30. 158 


30. 130 


30.109 


30. 073 


30.051 


30.031 


30.015 


29. 998 


29. 97S 


30. 175 




29. 978 


.327 


Dec. 29 ... 


20. 650 


5'0. 690 


30. 730 


30.759 


30. 780 


30. 792 


30. 829 


30. 822 


30. S2G 


30. 837 


30. 451 


30. 837 


29. 942 


. S95 


Dec. 30.... 


30. 749 


30. 750 


30. 7-10 


30. 733 ! 


.".0. 733 


30. 714 


30. 707 


30. 700 


30. 09S 


30. 691 


3(i. 700 


30. 843 


30. 694 


.149 


Dec. 31.... 


30. 534 


30. 530 


30. 531 


30.511 | 


30. 486 


30. 401 


30. 463 


30. 454 


30. 439 


30. 425 


30. 502 


30.666 


30. 425 


. 241 


Menus .. 


30. 106 


30. 109 


S0.110 


30.100 


30.1J>2 


30. 09S 


30.1011 


30. 101 


30.102 


30. 104 


30. 097 


30. 201 

! 


29.984 


. 217 



EXPEDITION TO 'POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



219 



Tables slowing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. 

[Barinometer abovo sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. ni. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


(5 a. m. 


7 a. m.' ' 


r 

8"a. m. 


!) a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11a. in. 


12 m. 


1 ii. m. 


2 p. m. 


1883. 
Jan. 1-... 


30. 391 


30. 372 


30. 344 


30. 325 


30. 321 


30.311 


30. 272 


30. 237 


30. 223 


30. 199 


30. 170 


30. 147 


30.110 


30. 088 


Jan . 2 


29. 720 


29. 709 


29. 003 


29. C43 


29. 635 


29. 604 


29. 567 


29. 537 


29. 517 


29.537 


29. 527 


29. 488 


29. 474 


29.403 


Jan. 3 


29. 420 


29. 427 


29. 429 


29. 419 


29. 429 


29. 439 


29. 420 


29. 407 


29.403 


29. 401 


29. 385 


29. 380 


29. 388 


29. 387 


Jan. 4 


29. 311 


29.311 


29. 297 


29. 300 


29. 287 


29. 272 


29. 250 


29. 233 


29. 218 


29. 208 


29. 198 


29. 180 


29. 173 


29. 1G5 


Jan. 5 — 


29. OGG 


29. 009 


29. 001 


29. 050 


29. 054 


29. 048 


29. 040 


29. 036 


29. 028 


29. 030 


29. 030 


29. 017 


29. 013 


29. 013 


«I:i!i- G..„. 


29. 030 


29. 032 


29. 038 


29. 055 


29. 058 


29. 073 


29. 0S5 


29. 098 


29.100 


29. 091 


29. 098 


29.112 


29. 113 


29. 125 


Jan. 7 


29. 208 


29. 21G 


29.213 


29. 224 


29. 245 


29. 253 


29. 208 


29. 255 


29. 264 


•J9. 27(1 


29. 278 


29. 283 


29. 297 


211. 300 


Jan. 8 


29. 347 


29. 352 


29. 352 


29. 357 


29. 371 


29. 372 


29. 3G2 


29. 357 


29. 360 


29. 350 


29. 319 


29. 348 


29. 354 


2D. 302 


Jan. 9.... 


29. 480 


29. 507 


29. 542 


29. 565 


29. 57G 


29. 5SS 


29. 604' 


29. 623 


29. 637 


29. 602 


29. GSl 


29. 700 


29.731 


29. 751 


Jan. 10.... 


29. 932 


29. 945 


29. 951 


29. 913 


29. 957 


29. 972 


29. 977 


29. 972 


29. 977 


29. 982 


29. 975 


29. 970 


29, 975 


29. 975 


Jan. 11.... 


29. 909 


29. 978 


29. 970 


29. 9G5 


29. 975 


29. 980 


29. 978 


29. 981 


29. 972 


29. 979 


29. 978 


29. 980 


30. 004 


30. 006 


Jan. 12.... 


29. 907 


29. 950 


29. 947 


29. 943 


29.945 


29. 945 


29. 928 


29. 918 


29. 914 


29. 910 


29.915 


29. 920 


29. 930 


29. 929 


Jan. 13 


29.941 


29. 95G 


29. 958 


29. 951 


29. 963 


29. 900 


29. 968 


29. 903 


29. 95S 


29. 958 


29. 957 


29. 958 


29. 930 


29. 973 


Jan. 14.... 


30.115 


30. 137 


30. 108 


30.192 


30. 237 


30. 24G 


30. 277 


30. 292 


30. 317 


30. 332 


30.340 


30. 302 


30. 378 


30. 40G 


Jan. 15 


30. 70G 


30. 734 


30. 701 


30. 774 


30. 797 


30. 835 


30. 851 


30. 803 


30. 866 


30. 89S 


30. 891 


30. 897 


30. 900 


30. 923 


Jan. 10.... 


30. 84 1 


30. S19 


30.790 


30. 780 


30.718 


30. 093 


30. G32 


30. G03 


30. 549 


30. 495 


30. 435 


30. 372 


30. 320 


30. 2G0 


Jan. 17.... 


29. 741 


29. 751 


29.77G 


29. 7SS 


29. 797 


29. 807 


29. 840 


29. S01 


29. 879 


29. 884 


29. 890 


29. 901 


29. 909 


29. 925 


Jan. 18.... 


3H.017 


30. 050 


3(1. 004 


30. 083 


30.115 


30.131 


30. 141 


30. 158 


30. 179 


30. 183 


30. 203 


30. 224 


30. 250 


30. 279 


Jan. 19.... 


30. 409 


30.493 


30. 509 


30. 523 


30.549 


30. 553 


30. 577 


30. 605 


30. 015 


30. 029 


30. 029 


30. 631 


30. 040 


30. GOG 


Jan. 20.... 


30. G28 


30. 004 


30. 587 


30. 505 


30. 570 


30. 500 


30. 531 


30. 505 


30. 501 


30. 505 


30. 408 


30. 44S 


30. 430 


30.419 


Jan. 21.... 


30. 333 


30. 34G 


30. 300 


30. 357 


30. 307 


30. 305 


30. 35G 


30.351 


30. 340 


30. 338 


30. 329 


30. 320 


30. 310 


30. 303 


Jan. 22.... 


30. 133 


30. 121 


30.112 


30. 078 


30. 086 


30. 081 


30. 050 


30. 039 


30. 017 


30.004 


29. 970 


29. 943 


29. 910 


29. 897 


Jan. 23 


29. 540 


29. 543 


29. 518 


29. 503 


29. 400 


29. 440 


29. 403 


29. 380 


29.374 


29. 353 


29. 3-10 


29. 349 


29. 340 


29. 3 15 


Jan. 24.... 


29. 330 


29. 337 


29. 357 


29. 372 


29. 392 


29. 394 


29.410 


29. 420 


29. 420 


29. 438 


29. 438 


29. 455 


29. 401 


29.48G 


Jan. 25.... 


29. G81 


29.711 


29. 721 


29. 731 


29. 754 


29. 77G 


29. 7S1 


29. 794 


29. 792 


29. 79S 


29. 810 


29. 820 


29. S38 


29. 848 


Jan. 2G 


29. 949 


29. 956 


29. 959 


29. 90G 


29. 093 


29. 90S 


30. 001 


30. 003 


29. 99G 


29. 990 


29. 999 


30. 007 


.30. 015 


30. 018 


Jan. 27 


30. 027 


30. 031 


30. 040 


30.045 


30. 069 


30. 078 


30. 083 


30. 085 


30. 090 


30. 085 


30. 097 


30.104 


30.110 


30. 114 


Jan. 28.... 


30. 142 


. 30. 154 


30. 104 


30. 162 


30. 171 


30. 174 


30. 179 


30. 179 


30. 17G 


30. 177 


30. 190 


30. 182 


30.191' 


30. 207 


Jan. 29.... 


30. 202 


30. 270 


30. 302 


30. 310 


30. 343 


30. 351 


30. 368 


30. 391 


' 30. 409 


30. 420 


30. 440 


30. 403 


30. 479 


30. 495 


Jan. 30.... 


30. G41 


30. G51 


30. 655 


SO. 670 


30. G88 


30. 703 


30. 703 


30.708 


■ 30.711 


30.710 


30. 707 


30. 713 


30. 728 


30. 732 


Jan. 31.... 


j 30. 053 


30.078 


30. CU 


SO. 609 


30. 632 


30. 019 


30. G17 


30. 579 


30. 539 


30. 52S 


30. 499 


30. 458 


30. 435 


30. 383 


Means .. 


29.937 


29. 942 


29. 944 


29. 044 


29. 933 


29.950 


29. 953 


29. 949 


29. 940 


29. 947 


29. 943 


29. 941 


29. 942 


29. 944 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


(i p. in. 


Tp. m. 


8 p. ni. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max-. 


Min. 


Range 


1883. 
Jan. 1 


30. 059 


30. 037 


30. 01G 


29. 970 


29. 939 


29. 890 


29. 866 


29. 832 


29. 787 


29. 755 


30. 112 


30. 391 


29. 758 


.033 


iJan. 2.... 


29. 453 


29. 450 


29. 443 


29. 438 


29. 427 


29. 429 


29. 424 


29.410 


29. 421 


29. 429 


29. 517 


29. 720 


29. 410 


.310 


'Jan. 3 


• 29. 387 


29. 380 


29. 387 


29. 3S1 


29. 379 


29. 367 


29.349 


29. 344 


29. 339 


29. 329 


29. 391 


29. 429 


29. 329 


.100 


Jan. 4 


29. 100 


29. 150 


29. 133 


29. 133 


29. 131 


29. 113 


29. 101 


29. 086 


29. 074 


29. 009 


29. 190 


29. 311 


29. 009 


.242 


Jan. 5 


29.00ti 


- 29. 008 


29. 02G 


29. 020 


29. 021 


29. 013 


29. 011 


29. 014 


29. 021 


29. 034 


29.031 


29. 009 


29.000 


.003 


! Jan. G 


29.134 


29. 153 


29. 158 


29. 104 


29. 104 


29. 170 


29. 184 


29. 207 


29. 209 


29. 222 


29.120 


29. 204 


29. 030 


.174 


'Jan. 7.... 


29.311 


29. 317 


29. 327 


29. 339 


29. 340 


29. 337 


29. 340 


29. 343 


29. 347 


29. 352 


29. 289 


29. 352 


29. 208 


.141 


'Jan. 8 


29. 372 


29. 371 


29. 382 


29. 385 


29. 394 


29. 409 


29. 436 


29.448 


29. 458 


29. 475 


29. 380 


29. 475 


29. 347 


.128 


'Jan. 9.... 


29. 771 


29. 801 


29. 823 


29. 843 


29. S4S 


29. 857 


29. 8S0 


29. 902 


29.911 


29. 918 


29.717 


•J9. 018 


29. 430 


.438 


'Jan. 10.... 


29. 978 


29. 9S1 


29. 993 


29. 980 


29. 991 


29. 991 


29. 987 


29. 985 


29. 982 


29. 983 


29. 974 


29. 993 


29. 932 


.001 


[Jan. 11.... 
Jan. 12.... 


30. 01G 


30. 011 


30. 003 


30. OOG 


30. 003 


30.001 


29. 997 


29. 993 


29. 993 


29. 990 


29. 9S9 


30.010 


29. 9G5 


. 051 


29. 929 


29. 933 


29. 94G 


29. 945 


29. 940 


29. 948 


29. 953 


29. 954 


29. 957 


29. 955 


29. 939 


29. 907 


29. 914 


. 053 


'Jan. 13.... 


29.934 


29. 993 


29. 995 


29. 997 


30. 015 


30. 034 


30. 030 


30. 001 


30.081 


30. 103 


29. 9S8 


30. 103 


: 9. 941 


.102 


'Jan. 14.... 


- 30. 445 


30.485 


30. 522 


30. 533 


30. 558 


30. 507 


30. 008 


30. 021 


30. 609 


30. G74 


30. 393 


30. 074 


30.115 


. 559 


Jan. 15.... 


30.939 


30. 937 


30. 934 


30. 938 


30.939 


30. 929 


30. 914 


30. 902 


30. 873 


30. 808 


30.S70 


30.939 


30. 700 


.233 


IJan. 10.... 
Jan. 17.... 


30. 170 


30. 123 


30. 050 


29. 973 


29. 934 


29,873 


29. 858 


29. S10 


29. 785 


29. 758 


30.320 


30. 841 


29. 758 


1. 0S3 


29. 933 


29. 947 


29. 964 


29. 97G 


29. 990 


30. 003 


30. 012 


30. 023 


30. 034 


30. 044 


29. 903 


30. 044 


29.741 


.303 


Jan. IS.... 


,'J0. 311 


30. 339 


30. 363 


30. 39G 


30.409 


30.411 


30. 439 


30. 452 


30. 403 


30. 470 


•30.257 


30. 470 


30. 047 


. 423 


(Jan. 19.... 


. 30. 087 


30. 095 


30. 696 


30. 688 


30. G82 


30. 0S8 


30. 088 


30. 07G 


30. 001 


30. G49 


30. 021 


30. 090 


30. 409 


. 227 


: Jan. 20 


30. 425 


30. 414 


30. 381 


30. 375 


30. 367 


30. 301 


30. 349 


30. 340 


30. 34S 


30. 354 


30. 400 


30. 028 


30. 310 


.282 


Jan. 21.... 


30. 298 


30. 298 


30. 292 


30. 271 


30. 254 


30. 240 


30. 207 


30. 171 


30. 109 


30.101 


30. 29S 


30. 3G7 


30. 101 


.206 


Jan. 22... 


29. 877 


29. 832 


29. 792 


29. 7S0 


29. 749 


29. 702 


29. 071 


29. 042 


29. G12 


29. 582 


29. 904 


30. 133 


29. 582 


. 551 


Jan. 23.... 


29. 347 


29. 355 


29. 355 


29. 355 


29. 357 


29. 357 


29. 344 


29. 335 


29. 332 


29. 330 


29. 391 


29. 540 


29. 330 


.210 


Jan. 24 


29. 509 


29. 530 


29. 548 


29. 557 


29. 582 


29. 002 


29. 009 


29. 030 


29. 654 


29. G74 


29. 484 


29. 074 


29. 330 


.314 


Jan. 25.... 


29. 859 


29. 877 


29. 880 


29. 895 


29. 901 


29. 903 


29. 912 


29. 924 


29. 933 


29. 943 


29. 828 


29. 913 


29. GSl 


. 202 


Jan. 20.... 


30. C1G 


30. 020 


30. 025 


30. 015 


30. 023 


30. 021 


30. 029 


30. 032 


30. 036 


30. 038 


30. 005 


30. 03S 


29. 919 


. Of 9 


Jan. 27 


30. 117 


30. 126 


30. 127 


30.129 


30.131 


30.131 


30.337 


30. 142 


30.140 


30.151 


3(1. 100 


30. 151 


30. 027 


. 124 


Jan. 28 


30. 202 


30. 202 


30. 207 


30. 220 


30. 225 


30. 222 


30. 230 


30. 251 


30. 259 


30. 270 


30. 198 


30. 270 


30. 142 


.124 


Jan. 29 


30. 527 


30. 544 


30. 500 


30. 507 


30. 580 


30. 597 


30. 013 


30. G28 


30. 037 


30. 037 


30. 407 


30. 037 


30. 202 


.375 


Jan. 30 


30. 731 


30. 727 


30. 722 


30. 722 


30.710 


30. 722 


30. 695 


30. 687 


30. G93 


30. 084 


30. 701 


30. 732 


30.641 


.091 


Jan. 31.... 


30. 303 


30. 358 


30. 32S 


30. 293 


30. 26S 


30. 249 


30. 225 


30. 209 


30. 207 


30. 191 


30. 440 


30. 078 


30. 191 


. 487 


Means .. 


29. 940 


29. 949 


29. 947 


29. 945 


29. 944 


29. 940 


29. 939 


29. 938 


29. 938 


29. 939 


29. 94 1 


30. 078 


29. 802 


. 270 



220 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREITW, ALASKA. 



Tables slioicing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 



[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local lime, — 5 limns. 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


i a. m. 


2 a. m. 


i a. m. 


4 a. m. 


o a. m. 


a. 111. 


7 a. 111. 


S a.m. 


!)a.m. 


10 a.m. 


. m. 


12 m. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


18S3. 
Feb. 1... 


30. 191 


30.200 


30. 200 


30. 199 


30. 202 


30. 234 


30. 212 


30. 268 


30. 2S3 


30. 300 


30. 339 


30. 367 


1 382 


30. 102 


Feb. 2.... 


30. 577 


30. 5711 


30. 502 


30. 510 


30. 500 


30. 517 


30. 513 


30. 524 


30. 329 


30, 531 


30. 195 


30.400 


30. !5U 


30.435 


Feb. 3.... 


30.271 


30. 2.3S 


30. 2.30 


30. 209 


30.189 


30. 168 


30. 132 


30. 089 


30. 010 


30.007 


29.961 


29. 917 


29.873 


29. 820 


Feb. 4.... 


29.774 


29. 837 


29. 918 


29. 995 


30. 091 


30. 179 


30.214 


30. 298 


30. 335 


30. 379 


30.401 


30.397 


30.390 


30. 39S 


Feb. ">_-.. 


30. 283 


30. 282 


30. 2SS 


30. 200 


30. 300 


30. 291 


30. 2S4 


30. 25S 


30. 258 


•30.229 


30. 183 


30.111 


30.113 


30.074 


Feb. 0..-. 


29. 788 


29.797 


29. 790 


29. 812 


29. S41 


29. 805 


29. 8S5 


29. 925 


29. 970 


30. 028 


30. 073 


30.124 


30. 178 


30.231 


Feb. 7.... 


30. 2SG 


30.232 


30.194 


30.130 


30.098 


30. 048 


29. 995 


29. 92G 


29. 803 


29. 790 


20. 750 


29: 724 


29. G95 


"9. 689 


Fel». 8.... 


29. 988 


30.044 


30.103 


30. 1 64 


30.21; 


30.201 


30.299 


30. 335 


;:n :;oo 


30. 381 


30.410 


30.410 


30. 100 


1 


Feb. 9.... 


29. 931 


29. 850 


29. 707 


• 29. 704 


29. 651 


29. 000 


29. 551 


29. 492 


29. 431 


29. 373 


29. 308 


29. 233 


20.180 


29. 115 


Feb. Hi.... 


29.135 


29. 2.38 


29. 4flo 


20. 330 


29. G77 


29.777 


29. 875 


29. 932 


30. 038 


30. 110 


30.184 


30.211 


50. 309 


30. 380 


Feb. 11.--. 




30. 732 


30. 770 


30. 804 


30. S37 


30. S59 


30. 8G1 


30.873 


30. 879 


30. 87.5 


30. 883 


30. S90 


30.5)04 


30. 899 


Feb. 12.... 


30.618 


30. 509 


30. oilS 


30. 500 


30. 4.38 


30. 389 


30. 330 


30. 297 


30. 233 


30.177 


30. 12S 


30. 077 


30. 022 


29. 981 


Feb.]:',..-. 


29.746 


29.761 


20. 79!) 


20. 815 


29.840 


29. SOS 


29. S72 


29. 879 


29. 873 


29. 880 


29. S90 


29. 890 


29. 898 


29.894 


1\1). 11..-- 


29. 89.3 


29. 897 


20. 906 


29. 920 


29. 930 


29. 954 


29. 905 


20. 970 


29.970 


29. 979 


29. 993 


29. 993 


30.011 


39. 022 


Feb. 15.... 


30.115 


30. 1C0 


30. 17.3 


30. 191 


30. 213 


30. 230 


30. 235 


30. 270 


30. 29.3 


30.307 


30. 32S 


30.331 


30.315 


Ml. 333 


Feb. 10.... 


30. 425 


30. 427 


30. 430 


30. 428 


30. 439 


30. 436 


30. 455 


30. 435 


30.433 


30.413 


30. 408 


30.385 


30. 386 


30. 503 


Feb. 17.... 


30. 200 


30.201 


30. 207 


30. 2! 2 


30.218 


30. 231 


30. 2.31 


30. 250 


30. 202 


30. 270 


30. 2 90 


30. 290 


30. 322 


30. 31.3 


Fel).18 ... 


30.400 


30. 407 


30. 3S4 


30.374 


30. 37S 


30.301 


30. 320 


30. 300 


30. 292 


30.275 


30. 205 


30.237 


30.226 


30.214 


Feb. 19.... 


30. 090 


30. 0S9 


30. 000 


30. 092 


30. 083 


30. 073 


30. 0.57 


30.013 


30. 022 


30. 022 


30. 025 


30.013 


30.007 


30. 010 


Feb. 20.... 


30.134 


30.144 


30. 147 


30. 15.3 


30. 174 


30. ISO 


30. 1 05 


30. 105 


30.103 


30. 170 


30. 1G2 


30. 152 


30. 138 


30.137 


Feb.2L... 


30.150 


30.156 


30.109 


30. 109 


30. 180 


30. 191 


30.195 


30.104 


30. 199 


30. 203 


30. 213 


30. 214 


30. 228 


30. °3S 


Feb. 22.... 


30.333 


30. 34S 


30. 303 


30. 375 


30. 398 


30. 403 


30. 409 


30. 412 


30. 422 


30. 424 


30. 435 


30. 433 


30. 439 


30. 43!) 


Fel).23.--. 


30.331 


30. 332 


30. 325 


30.310 


30. 298 


30. 304 


30. 200 


30. -94 


30. 292 


30. 282 


30. 282 


30. 289 


20. 'JO:; 


30. 2SG 


Feb. 24.... 


3H.419 


30.435 


30. 400 


30. 408 


30. 497 


30. .305 


30. 505 


30. 513 


30. 517 


30. 519 . 


30. 327 


30. 527 


30. 530 


30. 524 


Feb. 25.... 


30. 488 


30.491 


30. 485 


30.487 


30. 301 


30. 494 


30. 477 


30. 408 


30.444 


30.450 


30. 437 


30.434 


30. 442 


:;o. 4::7 


Feb. 21).... 


30.419 


30. 402 


30.122 


30. 427 


30. 428 


30. 425 


30. 419 


30. 42.3 


30.414 


30.417 


30.413 


30. 408 


30.421 


30. 42" 


Feb. 27..., 


30.252 


30.211 


30. 239 


30. 210 


30. 219 


30. 205 


30. 204 


30. 197 


30. 195 


30.182 


30. 175 


30. 172 


30. 104 


30. 141 


Feb. 23.... 


30. 074 


30. 070 


30. 074 


30. 079 


30. 080 


30. 087 


30. 0S7 
30.221 


30. 078 


30. 078 


30. 070 


30. 073 


30. 072 


30. 079 


30. 080 


Means .. 


SO.lSl 


30. 1S7 


30. 19.3 


30. 201 


30. 21.3 


30.221 


30.219 


30.218 


30.21G 


30. 210 


30. 209 


30. 209 


30. 205 



Date. 


3 p.m. 


i p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. 111. 


7 p. m. 


S p. 111. 


5) p. 111. 


10 p. m. 


11p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Range. 


1883. 
Feb. 1..-. 


30. 423 


30. 408 


30.483 


30. 530 


30. 547 


50. 5.30 


30. 564 


30. 579 


30. 585 


30. 590 


30. 380 


30. 590 


30. 191 


.359 


Feb. 2.... 


30. 433 


30. 422 


30.419 


30. 409 


30. 402 


30. 584 


30. 3G3 


50. 345 


30. 322 


30. 302 


30. 405 


30. 577 


50. 302 


. 275 


Feb. 5 ... 


29. 790 


29. 7G8 


29. 749 


29. 709 


29. 097 


29. 071 


29. 643 


29. 623 


29. 650 


29. 710 


29. 925 


30. 271 


29. 025 


. 04.8 


Feb. 4.... 


30. 386 


30. 376 


30. 308 


30. 307 


50. 50.5 


50. 510 


30. 334 


30. 315 


30. 297 


30. 289 


30. 253 


30. 401 


29. 774 


.027 


Feb. 5.... 


30. 027 


29. 999 


29. 950, 


29. 9 IS 


29. 880 


29. 8G3 


29. 342 


29. 820 


29.S18 


2!). 803 


50. 092 


30. 300 


29.80- 


.49S 


Feb. 0.... 


30. 273 


30. 304 


50. 534 


30. 3.57 


50. 371 


30. 375 


30. 376 


30. 3G2 


30. 34S 


30.312 


30. 114 


30. 370 


29. 7-8 


. 588 


Feb. 7.... 


29. 6SS 


29. 700 


29. 707 


29. 705 


29. 098 


29. C9S 


29. 745 


29. 803 


29. 872 


29. 910 


29. 875 


30. 280 


29. 088 


. 598 


Fell. 8.... 


30. 410 


30. 399 


50.381 


50. 3G3 


50. 325 


30. 282 


30. 224 


30.152 


■30. 004 


30. 00.3 


50. 26S 


50.410 


29. 90S 


.418 


Feb. 9.... 


29. 001 


29. 005 


28. 997 ' 


28.5)75 


29.019 


29.041 


29. 044 


29. 021 


29. 010 


29.014 


29.30!) 


29. 931 


28.073 


.950 


Feb. 10.... 


30. 435 


30. 477 


30. 493 


30.541 


30. 509 


30. 60S 


30. 642 


30. 600 


30. 6SG 


30. 71S 


50. 13.3 


30.71S 


29.155 


. 5S3 


Feb. 11.... 


50. 890 


30.884 


30. SGI 


30. S29 


30. 805 


30. 792 


30. 700 


:<o.749 


30. 718 


30. 664 


30.S24 


30.004 


50. 004 


.240 


Fell 12.... 


29.910 


29. 891 


20.841 


29. 798 


20. 782 


29. 7.58 


29.753 


29. 729 


29. 734 


29. 717 


30. 090 


50. 01S 


2!). 748 


.870 


Feb. i::..-. 


29. 897 


29. S97 


20. 895 


29. S87 


29. S81 


29. 870 


29. 375 


29. 880 


29. 890 


29. 899 


29. 800 


29. 899 


2!'. 740 


.153 


Feb. 14.... 


30. 031 


30. 041 


30. 050 


30. 057 


30. 078 


30. 101 


50. 10!) 


30. 119 


30. 140 


30. 130 


30. 012 


30. 110 


29. 895 


. 245 


Feb. 15.... 


30. 302 


30. 370 


50. 374 


30. 380 


30. 3SG 


30. 389 


30.417 


30. 429 


50. 128 


50. 432 


30. 135 


50. 432 


30. 145 


.287 


Feb. 10.... 


30. 332 


30.311 


30. 29S 


50. 292 


30. 203 


50. 250 


50.215 


50. 1-28 


3(1.219 


50.212 


50. 554 


30.439 


50.212 


. 227 


Feb. 17.... 


30. 359 


30. 300 


30. 391 


50.411 


30.420 


30. 434 


30. 442 


30. 433 


50. 432 


30. 423 


30. 320 


50. 442 


:. (.200 


.242 


Feb. 18.... 


30.193 


30. 198 


:;0. 185 


30. 173 


30. 102 


30.143 


30. 120 


30. 120 


50. 101. 


30. 089 


50. 248 


30. 407 


30.089 


.31S 


Feb. 19 ... 


30. 020 


30. 041 


50.019 


30. 003 


30. 089 


30.101 


30.113 


30.121 


50. US 


5i). 12.3 


30. 000 


50. US 


30. 007 


.121 


Feb. 20.... 


30. 143 


30.110 


50. 152 


30. 155 


30.111 


50.141 


30.142 


30. 113 


30.143 


30.156 


50. 152 


30. ISO 


30.134 


. 040 


Feb. 21.... 


30. 254 


30. 257 


30. 270 


50.272 


50. 270 


30. 282 


30. 28s 


50. 307 


50. 32.5 


30. 535 


30. 252 


50. 53.5 


:;>). ir.o 


.185 


Feb. 22.... 


30.410 


30.438 


30. 427 


30.421 


30.410 


30. 388 


30.3 -0 


30. 383 


30. 375 


30. 304 


30.403 


50.410 


30.333 


.107 


Feb. 23... 


30. 292 


30. 300 


30. 300 


50. 312 


30.310 


30.332 


30.300 


50. 382 


30.401 


50. 422 


50.517 


30. 422 


30. 288 


.134 


Feb. 24... 


30. 517 


30. 514 


30. 514 


50.511 


30. 512 


30. 497 


30.505 


50. 501 


30. 499 


50. 510 


50. 501 


30, 530 


30.419 


.111 


Feb. 2.5.... 


30. 425 


30.415 


50.407 


30. 404 


30. 404 


30. 410 


30.410 


30.400 


30.418 


30. 414 


50.-114 


50. 501 


50. 404 


.097 


Feb. 20... 


30. 408 


30. 380 


30. 357 


30. 318 


30. 331 


30.311 


30.293 


50. 285 


:;o. 269 


30. 201 


50. 380 


30. 428 


30. 204 


.164 


Feb. 27.... 


30.141 


30. 133 


50. 123 


50. 123 


30. Ill 


30. 093 


30. 093 


50. 090 


50. 094 


50. 090 


50. 103 




30.093 


.159 


Feb.2S.... 


30.102 


30. 104 


3d. 109 


30.118 


30. 133 


30. 138 


30. 1G2 


30. 1SI 


30. 210 


30. 220 


30. 103 


30.226 


50. 072 


. 1.34 


Means . . 


30. 203 


30.201 


30. 190 


30. 194 


:)0. 192 


30.188 


30. 187 


30. 1S3 


30.186 


30. 187 


50.201 


30. 37S 


50. 005 


.373 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



221 



Tables shouting pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Dale. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. in. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. in. 


a, m. 


7 a. in. 


8 a. m. 


9 a.m. 


10 a. m. 


U a.m. 


12 m. 


i p. m. 


2 p. ru. 


188.'!. 
liar. 1 - - . 


30. 262 


SO. 286 


30. 305 


30. 340 


30. 373 


30. 398 


30. 430 


30. 470 


30. 485 


30. 521 


30. 539 


30. 573 


30. 005 


30. 61G 


War. 2... 


30. 803 


30. 707 


30. 807 


30. 808 


30. 825 


30.819 


80.S20 


30. 807 


30. 807 


30. 807 


30. 790 


30. 773 


30. 7G3 


30. 753 


liar. 3... 


30. 509 


30, 554 


30.511 


30.512 


30.512 


30. 496 


30. 479 


30. 470 


30. 440 


30. 422 


30. 398 


30. 379 


30.301 


30. 334 


Mar. 4... 


30.017 


29. 998 


29. 003 


29. 938 


29. 908 


29.875 


29. 82 1 


29. 790 


29. 705 


29. 746 


29. 728 


29. 084 


29. 074 


29. 652 


Mar. :>... 


29. 094 


29. 606 


29.706 


29.718 


29. 703 


29. 780 


29. 802 


29. 832 


29. SGI 


29. 893 


29.911 


29. 927 


29. 942 


23. SG7 


Mar. G... 


30. 128 


30. 128 


30. 133 


30. 133 


30. 151 


30. 139 


30. 142 


30. 134 


30. 123 


30. Ill 


30. 103 


30. 082 


30. 075 


30. 060 


Mar. 7... 


29. 888 


29. 800 


29. 850 


29. 839 


29. 830 


29. 822 


29.815 


29. 807 


29. 788 


29. 777 


29. 759 


29. 734 


29. 709 


29. 083 


Mar. 8... 


29. 519 


29.512 


29. 497 


29.487 


29.489 


29. 487 


23.400 


29.480 


29. 483 


29. 485 


29.488 


29. 495 


29. 51G 


20. 537 


Mar. !)-.. 


29. 755 


29. 795 


29.812 


29.818 


29. 853 


29. 865 


29. £81 


29. 887 


29.312 


29. 920 


29. 926 


29. 931 


29. 939 


29. 912 


Mar. 10... 


30. 082 


30. 0S7 


30.108 


30. 122 


30.145 


30. 150 


30. 112 


30. 149 


30.149 


30.158 


30. 108 


30. 172 


30.183 


30.189 


Mar. 11... 


30. 2S6 


30. 286 


30. 277 


30.279 


30. 294 


30. 276 


30. 278 


30. 249 


30. 249 


30.255 


30. 234 


30.216 


30. 214 


30. ISO 


Mar. 12... 


29. 991 


29. 086 


23. OSG 


29. 981 


29. 976 


29. 970 


29. 906 


29. 068 


29. 972 


29. 977 


29. 990 


29. 989 


29. 990 


30. 002 


Mar. 13 ... 


30. 142 


30.149 


30. 159 


30. 173 


30. 201 


30.215 


30. 226 


30. 237 


30. 251 


30. 258 


30. 2C0 


30. 269 


30. 289 


30. 295 


Mar. 14... 


30. 378 


30. 378 


30. 375 


30. 378 


30. 394 


30. 399 


30.4#7 


30.407 


30. 400 


30. 401 


30.403 


30. 403 


30.404 


30.408 


Mar. 15 ... 


30.415 


30. 400 


30. 412 


30.418 


30. 410 


30.410 


30.414 


30. 399 


30. 387 


30. 390 


30. 385 


30. 375 


30 366 


30. 359 


Mar. 10... 


30. 249 


30. 242 


30. 247 


30. 230 


30. 230 


30. 222 


30. 216 


30. 220 


30. 211 


30.196 


30. 188 


30. 174 


30. 108 


30. 149 


Mar. 17... 


30.137 


30.152 


30. 104 


30.159 


30. 184 


30.194 


30. 204 


30. 195 


30.100 


30. 194 


30. 187 


30. 184 


30. 182 


30. 178 


Mar. 18... 


30.032 


30. 022 


30. 022 


30. 020 


30. 008 


29. 992 


29. 987 


29. 985 


29. 966 


29. 952 


29. 93S 


29. 022 


29. 921 


29. 916 


Mar. 1!) .. 


29. 800 


29. 860 


!9.872 


29. 870 


29. 893 


29. 890 


29. 895 


29. 896 


29. 897 


29. 889 


29. 889 


29. 887 


29. 887 


29. 894 


Mar. 20... 


29. 875 


29. 876 


29. 885 


29. 890 


29. 903 


29. 915 


29. 933 


29. 911 


29. 955 


29. 908 


29. 970 


29. 957 


30. 002 


30. 013 


Mar. 21... 


30. 004 


30.C56 


. 50 


30. 054 


30. 067 


30. 052 


30. 037 


30. 025 


30. 019 


30. 001 


29. 979 


29. 957 


29. 948 


29. 939 


Mar. 22... 


29. 757 


29. 739 


29. 730 


29.721 


29. 713 


29. 099 


29. 697 


29. 681 


29. 606 


29. 056 


20. 654 


29.016 


29. 049 


29. 643 


Mar. 23 . . . 


19, i ' i 


29.794 


29. 825 


20. 844 


29. 908 


29. 930 


29. 937 


29. 988 


30. 003 


30. OiS 


30. 035 


30. 000 


30. 077 


30. 091 


Mar. 24 ... 


29. 9S6 


29. 960 


29. 936 


23. 905 


29. 890 


29. 875 


29. 860 


29. 845 


29. 830 


29. 822 


29. 809 


29. 793 


29. 779 


29. 773 


Mar. 25 ... 


29, 032 


29. 029 


29. 029 


29. 021 


29. 009 


29. 000 


29. 588 


29. 576 


29. 572 


29. 573 


29. 573 


29. 568 


29. 563 


20. 569 


Mar. 26... 


29. 810 


29. 820 


29. ! 120 


29. 826 


29. 828 


29. S36 


29. 830 


29. 803 


29. 772 


29. 751 


29. 735 


29. 709 


29. 69G 


29. 60S 


Mar. 27 ... 


29. 541 


29. 551 


29. 509 


29. 578 


29. 605 


29. 026 


29. 651 


29. 651 


29. 646 


29. 041 


29. 642 


29. 040 


29. 660 


29. 004 


Mar. 28... 


29. 873 


29. 899 


29. 929 


29. 927 


29. 042 


29. 945 


29. 945 


29. 935 


29. 928 


29. 910 


29. 898 


29. 881 


29. 855 


29. 836 


Mar. 29... 


29. 727 


29. 727 


29. 738 


29. 737 


29. 741 


29. 746 


29. 739 


29. 744 


29. 749 


29. 751 


29. 701 


29. 703 


29. 767 


29.77/ 


Mar. 30... 


29. 920 


29. 930 


29. 933 


29. 036 


29. 952 


29. 953 


29. 948 


29. 951 


29. 946 


29. 943 


29. 948 


29.951, 


29. 953 


29. 963 


Mar. 31... 


29. 987 


29. 993 


29. 991 


29. 991 


29. 078 


29. 978 


29. 981 


29. 983 


29. 981 


29. 978 


29. 983 


29. 988 


29. 986 


30.001 


Means .. 


30. 005 


30. 006 


30. 009 


30. 008 


30.019 


30. 018 


30.019 


30. 016 


30. 013 


30. 012 


30. 009 


30. 004 


30. 004 


SO. C02 


Date. 


8 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean's. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1883. 
Mar. 1... 


30. C47 


30. 668 


30. 703 


30. 717 


30. 723 


30. 738 


30. 761 


30. 782 


30. 785 


30. 801 


30.564 


30. S01 


30. 262 


.539 


Mar. 2... 


30. 715 


30. 735 


30. 728 


30. 696 


30. 079 


30. 652 


30. 036 


30 616 


30. 596 


30. 587 


30.744 


30.820 


30. 587 


.239 


Mar. 3 . . . 


30. 293 


30. 270 


30. 244 


30. 222 


30. 195 


30. 150 


30.135 


30. 100 


30. 083 


30. 055 


30. 342 


30. 569 


30. 053 


.514 


Mar. i ... 


29. 042 


29. 621 


29.018 


29. 628 


29. 632 


29. 645 


29. 652 


29. 647 


29. 606 


29. 691 


29. 750 


30. 017 


29. 618 


.399 


Mar. 5... 


30. 000 


30. 014 


30. 030 


30. 053 


30. 069 


30. 082 


30. 102 


30. 105 


30. 122- 


30. 135 


29. 926 


30. 135 


29. 694 


. 441 


Mar. . . . 


30. 053 


30. 031 


30. 016 


29. 998 


29. 980 


29. 966 


29. 961 


29. 946 


29. 923 


29. 911 


30. 060 


30. 142 


29. 911 


.231 


Mar. 1 ... 


29. 641 


29. 626 


29. 607 


29. 585 


29. 500 


29. 548 


29. 546 


29. 531 


29. 533 


29. 530 


29. 703 


29. S88 


29. 530 


.353 


Mar. 8... 


29. 558 


29. 587 


29. 615 


29. 039 


29. 654 


29. 673 


29. 699 


29. 719 


29. 737 


29. 704 


29.5(57 


29. 764 


29.480 


.284 


Mar. 9... 


29. 956 


29. 967 


29. 973 


29. 983 


29. 095 


29. 995 


30. 028 


30. 044 


30. 008 


30. 087 


29. 930 


30. 087 


29. 755 


.332 


Mar. 10 . . . 


30.-202- 


30. 214 


30. 232 


30. 244 


30. 252 


30. 254 


30.260 


30. 266 


30. 272 


30. 286 


30. 187 


30. 286 


30. 082 


.204 


Mar. 11 . . . 


30. 1S1 


30. 152 


30. 150 


30. 125 


30. 100 


30. 0S7 


30. 067 


30. 038 


30. 024 


30. 016 


30. 188 


30. 294 


30. 016 


.27S 


Mar. 12... 


30. 013 


30. 023 


30. 045 


30. 055 


30. 069 


30. 082 


30. 105 


30. Ill 


30. 129 


30. 139 


30. 021 


30. 139 


29. 9G6 


.173 


Mar. 13 ... 


30. 312 


30.331 


30. 330 


30.351 


30. 354 


30.361 


30. 304 


30. 370 


30. 377 


30. 382 


30. 278 


30. 382 


30. 142 


.240 


Mar. 14... 


30. 421 


30. 427 


30. 423 


30. 423 


30.413 


30. 405 


30. 402 


30. 405 


30. 400 


30. 395 


30.402 


30. 427 


30. 375 


.052 


Mar. 15... 


30. 360 


30. 349 


30. 331 


30.310 


30. 297 


30. 285 


30. 269 


30. 266 


30. 272 


30. 262 


30. 336 


30. 418 


30. 262 


.156 


Mar. 16 . . . 


30. 142 


30. 132 


30. 137 


30. 133 


30. US 


30. 118 


30. 134 


30. 141 


30. 154 


30. 153 


30. 179 


30.249 


30. 132 


.117 


Mar. 17 . . . 


30. 107 


30. 102 


30.110 


30. 138 


30. 125 


30. 105 


30. 096 


30. 031 


30. 068 


30. 052 


30. 152 


30. 204 


30. 052 


.152 


Mar. 18... 


29.915 


29. 914 


29. 900 


29. 888 


29. 883 


29. 870 


29. 877 


29. 866 


29. 860 


29. 860 


29. 939 


30. 032 


29. 860 


.172 


Mar. 19... 


29. 889 


29. 885 


29. 885 


29. 881 


29. 881 


29. 875 


29. 876 


29. 872 


29. 877 


29. 884 


29. 883 


29. 897 


29. 860 


.037 


Mar. 20 . . . 


30. 039 


30. 014 


30. 048 


30. 056 


30. 060 


30. 063 


30. 073 


30. 079 


30. 074 


30. 075 


29. 989 


30. 079 


29. 875 


.204 


Mar. 21 . . . 


29. 925 


29. 909 


29. 887 


29. 861 


29. 815 


29. 836 


29. 817 


29. 796 


29. 788 


29.772 


29. 945 


30. 067 


29. 772 


.295 


Mar. 22 . . . 


29. 059 


29. 658 


29. 654 


29. 653 


29. 067 


29. 675 


29. 690 


29. 715 


29. 732 


29. 760 


29. 089 


29. 700 


29. 646 


.114 


Mar. 23... 


30. 116 


30. 115 


30. 106 


30. 104 


30. 101 


30. 101 


30. 087 


30. 057 


30. 041 


30. 019 


30. 007 


30.116 


29. 776 


.340 


Mar. 24... 


29. 758 


29. 748 


29. 701 


29. 700 


29. 697 


29. 666 


29. 658 


29. 653 


29. 610 


29. 625 


29. 788 


29. 986 


29. 625 


.361 


Mar. 25 ... 


29. 593 


29. 005 


29. 624 


29. 659 


29. 687 


29.717 


29. 746 


29. 772 


29. 785 


29. 807 


29. 639 


29. 807 


29. 563 


.244 


Mar. 26 . . . 


29. 639 


29. 624 


29. 602 


29. 580 


29. 562 


29. 518 


29. 554 


29. 545 


29. 546 


29. 552 


29. 694 


29. 836 


29. 545 


.291 


Mar. 27... 


29. 681 


29. 714 


29. 740 


29. 706 


29. 786 


29. 795 


29. 819 


29. 830 


29. 843 


29. 862 


29. 688 


29. 802 


29.541 


.321 


Mar. 28... 


29. 823 


29. 800 


29. 801 


29. 794 


29. 780 


29. 766 


29. 761 


29. 754 


29. 746 


29. 741 


29. 853 


29. 945 


29. 741 


.204 


Mar. 29... 


29. 795 


29. 811 


29.818 


29. 847 


29. 809 


29. 879 


29. 888 


29. 900 


29. 905 


29. 920 


29. 796 


29. 920 


29. 727 


.193 


Mar. 30... 


29. 966 


29. 973 


20. 977 


29. 970 


29. 975 


29. 961 


29. 968 


29. 974 


29. 970 


29. 985 


29. 957 


29. 985 


29. 920 


.065 


Mar. 31... 


30. 004 


30. 027 


30. 047 


30. 057 


30. 076 


30. 088 


30. 108 


30. 130 


30. 154 


30. 170 


30. 028 


30. 170 


29. 97S 


.192 


Means .. 


30. C04 


30. 005 


30. 004 


30. 004 


30. 003 


30.000 


30. 004 


30. 004 


30. 006 

1 


30. 009 

i 


30. 008 


30. 132 


29. 882 


.230 



222 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tables slioicing pressure of air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


1S83. 

Apr. 1 . . . 


30.197 


30.214 


30. 240 


30. 2G1 


30. 280 


30. 285 


3-0. 205 


30. 300 


30. 326 


30. 331 


30. 346 


30. 352 


30. 365 


30. 368 


Apr. 2... 


30. 374 


30. 384 


30. 3S3 


30. 379 


30. 379 


30. 372 


30. 370 


30. 361 


30. 356 


30. 348 


30. 332 


30. 325 


30. 323 


30.315 


Apr. .'!... 


30. 240 


: ;o.24:i 


30. 240 


30. 249 


30. 252 


30. 254 


30. 255 


30. 252 


'30. 256 


30. 258 


30. 255 


30. 257 


30. 202 


30. 276 


Apr. 4 . . . 


30. 252 


30. 250 


30. 245 


30.210 


30. 235 


30. 227 


30. 222 


30. 210 


30. 195 


30. 183 


30. 180 


30. 100 


30.15G 


30.139 


Apr. 5 . . . 


30. 013 


30. 009 


30. 013 


30. 003 


29. 999 


29. 984 


29. 979 


29. 977 


29. 9GG 


20. 963 


29. 964 


29. 957 


23. 953 


29. 956 


Apr. 6 . . . 


29. 849 


20. 8G3 


29. 848 


20. 846 


29. 839 


29. 636 


29. 823 


29. 807 


29. 79G 


29. 787 


29. 7G9 


20. 7C3 


29. 7G1 


29. 752 


Apr. 7 ... 


29. 0S0 


29. GS2 


20. 676 


29. 67G 


29. 673 


29. 675 


29. 677 


29. 0S4 


29. 680 


29. 670 


29. 6S8 


29. 0S1 


29. 683 


29. 086 


Apr. 8... 


29. COO 


20. COO 


29. 700 


20. C07 


29. 699 


29. 694 


29. 602 


29. 685 


29. 678 


29. 6G5 


29. 649 


20. 053 


29. 654 


29. 634 


Apr. . . . 


29. 577 


29. 582 


29. 582 


29. 579 


29. 594 


29. 57G 


29. 573 


29. 504 


29. 549 


29. 543 


29. 531 


29. 522 


29. 508 


20. 405 


Apr. 10... 


29. 347 


29.332 


20. 333 


20.332 


29. 343 


29. 342 


29. 34G 


29. 357 


29. 302 


29. 309 


29. 37G 


29. 380 


29. 380 


29. 404 


Apr. 11 ... 


20. 529 


io 5'9 


20. 54 G 


29. 557 


29. 576 


29. 594 


20. 613 


29. 020 


29. 629 


29. 642 


29. 657 


29. GG3 


29. G71 


29. 788 


Apr. 12... 


20. 785 


29. 792 


20. 800 


29. 807 


29. 823 


29. 828 


29. 838 


29. 840 


29. 847 


29. 847 


29. 857 


29. 850 


29. 853 


29. 854 


Apr. 13 ... 


29. 803 


29. S95 


20. S97 


29. 902 


29.917 


29. 933 


29. 937 


29. 940 


29. 946 


29. 951 


29. 964 


29.970 


29. 983 


29. 995 


Apr. 14 . . . 


30. 098 


30. 102 


30.116 


30. 115 


30. 128 


30.131 


30. 132 


30.137 


30. 136 


30. 143 


30. 143 


30. 141 


30. 142 


30. 141 


Apr. 13... 


30. 10G 


30. 120 


30. 100 


30. 115 


30. 113 


3 . 107 


# 30. 101 


30. 094 


30. 097 


30. 095 


30. 092 


30. 095 


30. 091 


30. 094 


Apr. 10 ... 


30. 002 


30. 102 


30. 102 


30. 106 


30. 120 


30. 127 


30.134 


30. 142 


30. 147 


30. 153 


30. 152 


30. 102 


30. 103 


30. 162 


Apr. 17... 


30. 1C4 


30. 174 


30.161 


30.1G3 


30. 170 


30. 171 


30. 170 


30. 163 


30. 159 


30.157 


30.158 


30. 151 


30.145 


.'ID. 139 


Apr. 18... 


30. 077 


30. 072 


30. 009 


30. 059 


30, 063 


30. 064 


30. 049 


30. 041 


30. 028 


30. 020 


30. 008 


29. 900 


29. 976 


20. OiiO 


Apr. 10..: 


20. 792 


20. 775 


29. 764 


29. 7C8 


29. 703 


29. 743 


29. 730 


29. 734 


29. 716 


29. 700 


29. 695 


29. 087 


29. 691 


20. 074 


Apr. 20 . . . 


20. C10 


20. G12 


29. C09 


29. 607 


29. G01 


29. 602 


29. 598 


29. 594 


29. 589 


29. 58G 


20. 589 


29. 59G 


29. GOO 


20. 509 


Apr. 21 . . . 


20. 732 


20. 734 


29. 753 


20. 774 


29. 797 


29. 813 


29. 827 


29. 838 


20. 834 


29. 87G 


29. 903 


29.917 


29. 913 


20. 005 


Apr. 22 . . . 


30.182 


30. 202 


30.219 


30. 224 


30. 250 


30. 2C2 


30. 203 


30. 270 


30. 282 


30. 304 


30. 310 


30.310 


30. 309 


30. 303 


Apr. 23... 


30. 300 


30. 300 


30. 298 


30. 280 


30. 285 


30. 288 


30. 278 


30. 272 


30. 272 


30. 2G5 


30. 242 


30. 229 


30. 217 


30.211 


Apr. 24... 


30. 087 


30. 0G2 


30. 044 


30. 039 


30. 030 


30. 020 


30. 000 


29. 907 


29. 919 


29. 032 


29. 929 


29. 900 


29. 89S 


20. 889 


Apr. 25 ... 


20. 793 


29. S00 


29. 7S8 


29. 737 


29. 783 


29. 785 


29. 7&5 


29. 786 


29. 783 


29. 789 


29. 793 


29. 799 


29. 810 


2!). 823 


Apr. 20 . . . 


29. 972 


29. 981 


29. 983 


29. 9S5 


30. 008 


30. 011 


30. 027 


30. 034 


30. 038 


30. 041 


30. 051 


30. 055 


30. 063 


" 30. 008 


Apr. 27 ... 


30. 144 


30. 1.1G 


30. 1C0 


30. 1G7 


SO. 1G3 


30. 172 


30. 174 


30.180 


30. 188 


30.191 


30. 197 


30. 201 


30.214 


30.213 


Apr. 28... 


30. 270 


30. 288 


30. 303 


30. 310 


30. 333 


30. 336 


30. 343 


30. 346 


30. 356 


30. 300 


30. 370 


30. 385 


30. 390 


3D. 400 


Apr. 29... 


30. 473 


30. 4S4 


30. 488 


30.409 


30. 511 


30.514 


30. 512 


30. 517 


30. 526 


30. 523 


30.531 


30. 537 


30. 530 


30. 533 


Apr. 30 . . . 


30. 530 


30. 520 


30. 529 


30. 527 


30. 537 


30. 532 


30. 531 


30. 529 


30. 522 


30. 52G 


30. 529 


30. 532 


30. 528 


30. 536 


Means 


29.996 


29. 999 


30. 001 


30. 002 


30. 009 


30. 000 


30. 010 


30. 009 


30. 008 


30. 008 


30. 009 


30. 008 


30. 009 


30.013 


Date. 


3 p. m. 


£ p. m. 


o p. ni. 


6 p.m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1883. 
Apr. 1 ... 


30. 370 


30. 376 


30. 390 


30. 384 


30. 385 


30. 302 


30. 392 


30. 388 


30. 386 


30. 382 


30. 334 


30. 392 


30.197 


.105 


Apr. 2 . . . 


30. 314 


30.310 


30. 305 


30. 305 


30. 29G 


30. 275 


30. 207 


30. 259 


30. 253 


30. 253 


30. 327 


30. 3S8 


30. 253 


.135 


Apr. 3... 


30. 277 


30. 28G 


30. 287 


30. 281 


30. 273 


30. 270 


30. 204 


30. 2G0 


30. 250 


30. 262 


30. 262 


30. 287 


30. 249 


.03S 


Apr. 4 . . . 


30. 13S 


30. 123 


30. 108 


30. 00S 


30. 0S4 


30. 003 


30. 045 


30. 038 


30. 032 


30. 024 


30.132 


30. 252 


30. 024 


. 228 


Apr. 5 . . . 


20.015 


29. 942 


29. 941 


29. 036 


29. 025 


29. 911 


29. 904 


29. 901 


29. 800 


29. SS3 


29. 953 


30. 013 


29. 883 


.130 


Apr. C... 


20. 748 


29. 737 


29. 727 


29. 720 


29.711 


29. 703 


29. 694 


29. 691 


29. 089 


29. 679 


29. 7G8 


29. 863 


29. 679 


.181 


Apr. 7 ... 


20. CS9 


20. 603 


29. C95 


29. 704 


20. 702 


29. 702 


29. 69G 


29. 702 


29. 701 


29. 716 


29. GS8 


29. 710 


29. 670 


. 040 


Apr. 8 . . . 


29. C32 


29. 629 


29.617 


29. 593 


20.501 


29. 592 


29. 591 


29. 586 


29. 587 


29. 585 


29. 616 


20. 700 


29. 585 


.121 


Apr. 9 . . . 


29. 470 


29. 4G7 


29. 445 


29. 427 


20. 419 


29. 302 


29. 385 


29. 374 


29. 303 


29. 340 


29.495 


29. 582 


29. 316 


.236 


Apr. 10 ... 


29.419 


29. 419 


29. 43G 


29. 442 


29. 450 


20. 4G3 


29. 475 


29. 479 


29. 505 


29. 520 


29.401 


20. 520 


20.332 


.188 


Apr. 11 ... 


29. 702 


29. 711 


29.711 


29. 731 


20.715 


29. 755 


29. 7G5 


29. 775 


29. 783 


29. 701 


29. G70 


29. 701 


29. 529 


.202 


Apr. 12 


29. 8G4 


29. SG3 


29. 860 


29. 862 


29. S02 


29. 805 


29. 881 


29. 883 


29. 889 


29. 894 


29. 848 


29. 804 


29. 785 


.109 


Apr. 13... 


30.013 


30. 01S 


30. 01G 


30. 025 


30.031 


30. 045 


30. 000 


30. 070 


30. 083 


30. 094 


29. 983 


30. 094 


29. 893 


.201 


Apr. 14... 


30. 140 


30.138 


30. 13G 


30. 135 


30.135 


30. 122 


30.112 


30.113 


30.112 


30.100 


30.127 


30.143 


30. 098 


. 045 


Apr. 15... 


30. 00G 


30. 090 


30. 100 


30. 094 


30. 0S9 


30. 087 


30. 0S9 


30. 092 


30. 095 


30. 102 


30. 099 


30. 120 


30. 087 


.033 


Apr. 10... 


30. 1G2 


30. 103 


30. 1G7 


30. 1G2 


30. 102 


30. 100 


30.161 


30.161 


30. 103 


30. 105 


30. 140 


30. 103 


30. 092 


. 073 


Apr. 17 ... 


30.143 


30. 138 


30. 12G 


30. 126 


30. 115 


30.115 


30. 1 10 


' 30.104 


30. 093 


30. 090 


30.142 


30.174 


30. 090 


.084 


Apr. 18... 


20. 955 


29. 943 


29. 921 


29. 901 


20. 802 


29. 804 


29. 855 


29. 840 


29. 823 


29.813 


29. 970 


30. 077 


29. 813 


.264 


Apr. 10 ... 


29. C73 


29. 072 


29. 054 


29. 647 


29. 637 


29. 030 


29. G35 


29. 628 


20. 028 


29. 025 


29. 695 


20. 702 


29. 625 


.167 


Apr. 20 . . . 


29. 605 


20. G14 


29. 622 


29. G2G 


29. 627 


29. 049 


29. GG1 


29. 676 


29. 094 


29. 709 


29. 620 


29. 709 


29. 586 


.123 


Apr. 21 ... 


20. 992 


30. 007 


30. 031 


30. 049 


30. 004 


30. 079 


30. 110 


30.131 


30. 153 


30.172 


29. 939 


30. 172 


29. 732 


.410 


Apr. 22 ... 


30. 321 


30. 325 


30. 320 


30.314 


30.321 


30. 324 


30.321 


30. 322 


30. 318 


30.313 


30. 288 


30. 325 


30. 1 82 


. 143 


Apr. 23... 


30. 203 


30. 200 


30. 175 


30.150 


30.155 


30.143 


30. 140 


30. 124 


39.111 


30.104 


30. 210 


30. 300 


30.101 


.196 


Apr. 24... 


29. 874 


20. 870 


29. 855 


29. 827 


29. 825 


29. 833 


29. 828 


29.816 


29. 807 


29. 799 


20. 920 


30. 087 


29. 799 


.28S 


Apr. 25 ... 


29. 81G 


20. SCI 


29. 8GS 


29. 872 


29. 891 


29. S93 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 93S 


29. 94G 


20. 836 


20: 940 


29. 783 


.163 


Apr. 2G . . . 


30. 074 


30. 003 


30. 090 


30.102 


30. Ill 


30. 120 


30. 133 


30.110 


30.135 


30. 133 


30. 060 


30. 135 


29. 972 


. 103 


Apr. 27... 


30.214 


30. 221 


30. 225 


30. 220 


30. 234 


30. 244 


30. 258 


30. 202 


30. 209 


30. 278 


30. 200 


30. 27S 


30.144 


. 134 


Aw. 28... 


30.410 


30. 41 G 


30. 424 


30. 426 


30. 430 


30. 430 


30. 414 


30. 454 


30. 400 


30. 454 


30. 381 


30. 400 


30. 279 


181 


Apr. 29... 


30. 541 


30.552 


30.541 


30. 53G 


30. 535 


30. 530 


30. 533 


30. 535 


30. 541 


30. 541 


30.525 


30.552 


30. 478 


.074 


Apr. 30... 


30. 531 
30.0 I3~ 


30. 516 


30. 508 


30. 502 


30. 502 


30. 513 


30. 510 


30. 509 


30. 507 


30. 001 


30. 522 


30. 537 


30. 301 
29. 026 


.036 


Means 


30.013 


30. 010 


30. 007 


30. 007 


30. 000 


30. 008 


30. 007 


30. 009 


30. 009 


30. 007 


30. 082 


"Tl5G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPROW, ALASKA. 



223 



Tables allowing pressure of air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. in. 


3 a. ii!. 


4 a. in. 


5 a. m. 


a. in. 


7 a. m. 


S a. in. 


!l a. in. 


1(1 a, in. 


11 a. in. 


12 in. 


1 p. in. 


2 p. m, 


1SS3. 
May ] 


30. 525 


30. 522 


30.535 


3U.5IO 


30. 543 


30.541 


3.1.5)4 


30. 541 


30.552 


30. 563 


30. 566 


30. 57S 


50, 576 


30.582 


May 2.... 


30.548 


30.513 


30, 535 


30. 546 


30. 538 


30.530 


30. 532 


30. 520 


30.506 


30. 505 


30.498 


30.480 


30.465 


30. -Hill 


31 av 3 


30.271 


30. 2G2 


30. 255 


30.253 


3d. 235 


30.240 


39.232 


30. 222 


30.205 


30. 205 


30, 203 


30. 205 


30. 20!) 


30. 185 


May 4.... 


30.033 


30.011 


29.987 


29. 975 


29. 965 


20.953 


29.941 


29, 925 


29.910 


29. 905 


29. 876 


29.858 


9 852 


29. 830 


May 5 


29.056 


29.629 


29. 013 


29. 590 


29. 570 


29.564 


29. 557 


29. 548 


29. 531 


29. 509 


29, 508 


29.515 


29.517 


29 532 


Hay 6.... 


29. B73 


29. G90 


29.691 


29. 60S 


29. 7(17 


20.718 


29. 733 


'_'!). 73S 


29. 744 


20. 758 


29.784 


29. 780 


2!). 815 


29.819 


Mav 7... 


29. 793 


29. 791 


29. 768 


20. 758 


29. 751 


29.728 


29. 719 


29. 700 


29. 690 


29.084 


29. 670 


29. 655 


29. 635 


29 623 


May 8.... 


29. 001 


29.649 


29. 664 


29. 078 


29. 707 


29. 722 


29. 740 


3:'. 753 


29. 767 


29. 788 


29. 802 


29.812 


29.815 


29. 828 


Mav 'J.... 


29. 820 


29. 800 


29 806 


2!'. 785 


2D. 772 


21.751 


29. 741 


29.717 


29. 695 


29.701 


29. 085 


29. 670 


29. 61!) 


20. G18 


May 10.... 


29.018 


_ 29.062 


29. 000 


29. 003 


29. G70 


29. 071 


29. 069 


29. 676 


29. 673 


29. 692 


29. 695 


29. 094 


29. 698 


29. 709 


Mav 11..-. 


29. 865 


29. S82 


29. 891 


29. 900 


29. 915 


29. 925 


2' 933 


29. 933 


29. 925 


29. 931 


29. 946 


29. 035 


29. 930 


29. 930 


Mav 12.... 


" .' 


29. 885 


29.893 


29. 897 


29. 903 


29. 909 


29. 623 


29. 929 


29. 932 


29. 934 


29. 940 


29. 952 


29. 975 


29. 987 


May 13.... 


29. 985 


29. 997 


29. 989 


29. 999 


29.999 


30. 001 


29. 997 


29. 993 


29. 977 


29. 970 


29. 959 


29. 955 


29. 948 


29. 941 


May 14.... 


29.832 


29. 815 


23.785 


29. 777 


29. 705 


29. 72!) 


29. 709 


29. 6S1 


29. 655 


29. 024 


29.021 


29. 597 


2!). 5S4 


29. 585 


May 15 


29. 522 


29. 506 


29. 500 


29. 494 


29. 480 


20. 400 


29. 451 


29. 437 


29. 421 


29. 404 


29. 378 


29.365 


29. 357 


29. 335 


May lb' 


29. 181 


29. 176 


29. 160 


29. 171 


29.160 


29. 157 


29. 158 


29. 153 


29. 140 


29. 133 


09. 135 


29.130 


29.1,36 


29. 132 


May 17.... 


29. 234 


29. 253 


29. 272 


29. 271 


29. 299 


29.317 


29. 332 


29. 347 


29. 361 


29. 378 


29. 392 


29.407 


29. 432 


29.450 


May 18.... 


29.610 


29. 021 


29. 638 


29. 052 


29. 677 


29. 088 


29. 700 


29. 712 


29. 720 


29. 731 


29. 749 


29. 762 


29. 774 


29. 782 


May 19.... 


29. 833 


29. S13 


29. 849 


29. 84!) 


29. 803 


29. 871 


29. 875 


29. 880 


29. 879 


29. 897 


29. 892 


29. 897 


29. 902 


29. 005 


May 20.... 


29. 953 


29. 952 


29. 953 


29, 968 


29. 978 


20. 983 


29. 993 


30. 003 


30. 005 


30. 013 


30. 013 


30. 018 


30. 026 


30. 03S 


Mav 21.... 


1.039 


30. 039 


30. 041 


30. 041 


30. 040 


3H.04!) 


30. 053 


30. 054 


30. 040 


30. 040 


30. 047 


30. 041 


30. 037 


30. 034 


May 22.... 


29. 900 


29. 953 


29. 94C 


29.945 


29.941 


29.928 


29. 928 


29. 920 


29. 900 


29. 890 


29. 893 


29. 891 


29. 890 


29. 889 


Mar 23.... 


29.814 


29. S09 


29. 803 


29. 803 


. 29. 801 


29. 795 


29. 795 


29. 789 


29. 780 


29. 782 


29. 772 


29. 772 


29.771 


23. 774 


May24.... 


29. 759 


29.710 


29. 710 


29. 74S 


29. 737 


29.743 


29. 741 


29. 741 


29. 743 


29. 752 


29. 760 


29. 772 


29. 779 


29. 781 


May 25.... 


29. 855 


29. 867 


29. 872 


29. 8S0 


29. 895 


29. 901 


29. 907 


29.910 


29. 910 


29. 925 


29. 934 


29. 930 


29. 941 


29. 947 


May 20.... 


29. 99S 


29. 99.9 


29. 990 


39.997 


30. 017 


30. 022 


30. 022 


30. 02S 


30. 030 


30. 036 


30. 043 


30. 039 


30. 042 


30. 050 


May 27 


30. 007 


30. 058 


30. 05!) 


30. 060 


30. 076 


30. 084 


30. 090 


30. 097 


30. 094 


30. 100 


30. 107 


30. 107 


30. 119 


30. 138 


Mav 28.... 


30.100 


30. 101 


30. 172 


30. 159 


30. 70S 


30.103 


30. 170 


30. 104 


30. 159 


30. 152 


30. 161 


30. 149 


30. 151 


30. 150 


May 29.... 


30. 035 


30. 017 


30. 015 


30. 000 


30. 000 


29. 987 


29. 909 


29. 958 


29. 946 


29. 933 


29. 921 


29. 901 


29. 895 


29. 890 


May 30.... 


29. 872 


29. S90 


29. 895 


29. 903 


29. 920 


'J!). 920 


29. 933 


29. 929 


29. 940 


29.942 


29. 945 


29. 945 


29. 944 


29. 947 


May 31.... 


29. 804 


29. S53 


29. 850 


29. 849 


29. 855 


29. 832 


29.817 


29. 811 


29. 793 


29. 794 


29. 790 


29. 780 


29. 7S6 


29. 785 


Means — 


29. 869 


29. 864 


29. 860 


29. 807 


29.870 


29. 808 


29. SOS 


29. 865 


29. 859 


29. 801 


29. 861 


29. S58 


29. SCO 


29.801 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. ui. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


9 p. in. 


10 p. m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mcaris. 


Max. 


Min. 


Range. 


1833. 
Mav 1.--. 


30. 579 


30. 585 


30. 584 


30.587 


30. 570 


30. 566 


30. 575 


30. 575 


30. 576 


30. 569 


30.501 


30.587 


30. 522 


.005 


May 2.... 


30. 447 


30. 434 


30.413 


30. 380 


30. 366 


30. 344 


30. 334 


30. 322 


30. 303 


30. 285 


30. 452 


30. 548 


30. 285 


.203 




30. 173 


30. 100 


30. 148 


30. 140 


30. 118 


50.100 


30. 090 


30. 07S 


30. 061 


30. 044 


30. 179 


30. 271 


30. 044 


.277 


May 4.... 


29. 821 


29. 809 


29. 788 


29. 775 


29. 759 


29. 732 


29. 729 


29. 706 


29. 700 


29. 677 


29. 855 


30. 033 


29. 077 


.356 


May ->.... 


29. 553 


29. 567 


°9 57° 


29. 5S9 


29. 001 


29. 624 


29. 030 


29. 653 


29. 660 


29. 679 


29. 583 


29. 679 


29. 515 


.104 


May 0.... 


29. 825 


29. S35 


29. 820 


29. 817 


29. 815 


29. 813 


29. S17 


29.816 


29. 798 


29. 787 


29. 770 


29. 835 


29. G73 


. 102 


May 7.... 


29.631 


29. 037 


29. 020 


29.621 


29. 621 


29. 032 


29. 636 


29. 638 


29. 649 


29. 654 


29. 680 


29. 793 


29. 021 


.172 


Mav 8 


29. 835 


29. 855 


29. 853 


29. 853 


29. 848 


29. 844 


29. 850 


29. 844 


29. 838 


29. 827 


29. 785 


29. 855 


29. 061 


.194 


May 9 


29. 021 


29. 626 


29. 602 


29. 605 


29. 604 


29. 602 


29. 015 


29. 012 


29. 630 


29. 642 


29. 683 


29. 820 


29. 602 


.218 


Mav 10.... 


29. 736 


29. 753 


29. 763 


29. 791 


29. S12 


29. 823 


29. 833 


29. 845 


29. 850 


29. 853 


29. 731 


29. 853 


29. 648 


.205 


May 11.... 


29. 932 


29. 916 


29. 907 


29. 907 


29. 909 


29. 897 


29. 900 


29. 893 


29. 885 


29. 887 


29. 912 


29. 946 


29. 865 


.081 


May 12.... 


29. 995 


29. 999 


29. 990 


29. 9S2 


29. 989 


29. 987 


29. 991 


29. 989 


30. 001 


29. 999 


29. 953 


30. 00.1 


29. 872 


.123 


MaylS.... 


29. 937 


29. 940 


29. 927 


29. 911 


29. 897 


29. 890 


29. 879 


29. 867 


29. 858 


29. 847 


29.944 


30. 001 


29. 847 


.154 


May 14.... 


29. 589 


29. 582 


29. 573 


29.574 


29. 564 


29. 546 


29. 540 


29. 540 


29. 538 


29. 523 


29. 639 


29. 785 


29. 523 


.262 


May 15 


29. 314 


29. 291 


29. 273 


29. 255 


29. 233 


29. 229 


29. 225 


29. 213 


29. 197 


29. 193 


29. 356 


29. 522 


29. 193 


.329 


May 16 


29. 133 


29.142. 


29. 146 


29.151 


29. 160 


29. 170 


29. 18S 


29. 200 


29. 209 


29. 221 


29.100 


29. 221 


29.130 


.091 


May 17 


29. 472 


29. 492 


29. 505 


29.521 


29. 528 


29. 549 


29. 568 


29. 585 


29. 593 


29. 006 


29. 424 


29. 000 


29. 234 


.372 


MaylS.... 


29. 791 


29. 798 


29. 803 


29. S03 


29. 818 


29. 823 


29. 828 


29. 832 


29. 840 


29. 843 


29. 750 


29. 843 


29. 610 


.233 


May 19 


29. 912 


29. 913 


29.914 


29. 923 


29. 928 


29. 934 


29. 937 


29. 937 


29. 941 


29. 948 


29. 896 


29. 948 


29. 833 


. 115 


May 20.... 


30. 045 


30. 044 


30. 030 


30. 036 


30. 030 


30. 034 


30.012 


30. 041 


30. 047 


30. 041 


30. 012 


30. 047 


29. 952 


.095 


May 21.... 


30. 032 


30. 029 


30. 013 


30. 015 


30. 007 


30. 002 


29. 990 


29. 9S0 


29. 971 


29. 959 


30. 026 


30. 054 


29. 959 


.095 


May 22 


29. 883 


29. 875 


29. 861 


29. 852 


29, 847 


29. 838 


29. 831 


29. 824 


29. 819 


29. 807 


29. 888 


29. 960 


29. 807 


.153 


May23.._. 


29. 772 


29. 770 


29. 707 


29. 765 


29. 759 


29. 759 


23. 762 


29. 762 


29. 759 


29. 759 


29. 779 


23. S14 


29. 759 


.055 


Mav 24.... 


29. 797 


29. 821 


29. 826 


29. 837 


29. 843 


29. 850 


29. 852 


29. 855 


29. 856 


29. 866 


29. 790 


29. 860 


29. 737 


.129 


May 25 


29. 958 


29. 963 


29. 973 


29. 978 


29. 979 


29. 977 


29. 996 


29. 997 


29,995 


30. 000 


29. 937 


30. 000 


29. 855 


.145 


May 26.... 


30. 003 


30. 068 


30. 063 


30. 060 


30. 000 


30. 065 


30. 007 


30. 060 


30. 070 


30. 074 


30. 041 


30. 074 


29. 990 


.078 


May 27 


30. 147 


30. 151 


30. 153 


30.150 


30. 153 


30. 101 


30. 105 


30. 171 


30. 170 


30.170 


30. 119 


30. 176 


30. 058 


.118 


May 28 


30. 149 


30. 148 


30. 137 


30. 133 


30. 121 


30. 099 


30. 095 


30. 085 


30. 081 


30. 058 


30. 139 


30. 172 


30. 058 


.114 


May 29.... 


29. 897 


29. 891 


29. 838 


29. 885 


29. 885 


29. 883 


29. 832 


29. 880 


29. 885 


29. 883 


29. 931 


30. 035 


29. 882 


.153 


May 30 


29. 952 


29. 947 


29. 945 


29.951 


29. 925 


29. 924 


29. 910 


29. 898 


29. 888 


29. 877 


29. 922 


29. 952 


29. 872 


.080 


May 31.... 


29. 783 


29. 778 


29. 773 


29. 759 


29. 759 


29. 756 


29. 757 


29. 760 


29. 760 


29. 761 


29. 790 


29. 864 


29.75G 


.108 


Means ... 


29. 804 


29. 865 


29. 360 


29. 858 


29. 855 


29. 853 


29. 856 


29. 854 


29. 853 


29.850 


29. 861 


29.941 


29. 776 


.105 



224 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction for mean local time, 5 hours, 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. in. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. in. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


1p.m. 


2 p.m. 


1S83. 
June 1 


29. 7G8 


29. 775 


29. 779 


29. 778 


29. 785 


29. 789 


29. 792 


29. 789 


29. 793 


29. 798 


29. 800 


29. 799 


29.798 ; 


29. 802 


Juno 2.... 


29. 743 


29. 751 


29. 754 


29. 764 


29. 765 


29. 770 


29. 775 


29. 779 


29. 776 


29. 786 


29. 794 


29. 794 


29.801 : 


29. 796 


Juno 3 


29. 759 


29. 75G 


29. 758 


29. 774 


29. 786 


29. 791 


29. 806 


29. 818 


29. 818 


29. 826 


29. 839 


20. 855 


£9. 865 


"9.879 


June 4 


29. 941 


29. 958 


29. 9GG 


29. 969 


29. 975 


29. 991 


29. 993 


29. 998 


30. 004 


30. 006 


30. 021 


30. 027 


30.030 • 


30. 034 


Juno 5 


30. 085 


30. 087 


30. 089 


30. 093 


30. 009 


30. 106 


30. 110 


30.103 


30. 112 


30. 104 


30. 105 


30. 105 


30.108 


30. Ill 


June G 


30. 129 


30.137 


30.140 


30. 146 


30.147 


30. 147 


30. 146 


30. 135 


30. 134 


30. 124 


30. 114 


30. 108 


30.101 


30. 097 


Juno 7 


30. 108 


30. 123 


30. 121 


30. 123 


30. 133 


30. 137 


30. 135 


30. 134 


30. 132 


30. 122 


30. 121 


30. 124 


30.121 , 


30. 119 


June 8 


30. 013 


30. 022 


30. 020 


30. 010 


30. 026 


30. 019 


30. 019 


30. 024 


30. 019 


30. 009 


30. Oil 


30. 017 


30.013 J 


30. 012 


June 9 


29. 9SS 


29. 982 


29.990 


29. 990 


29. 995 


29. 991 


30. 002 


30. 006 


30. 000 


30. 006 


30. 003 


30. 018 


30.022 


30. 030 


June 10... 


30. 145 


30. 150 


SO. 173 


30. 173 


30. 191 


30. 197 


30. 205 


30. 205 


30. 200 


30. 200 


30. 200 


30.194 


30.1S8 


30.188 


Juno 11... 


30. 048 


30. 042 


30. 030 


30. 020 


30. 025 


30. 021 


30. 013 


29. 995 


29. 981 


29. 970 


29. 960 


29. 939 


29. 935 1 


29. 933 


June 12... 


29. 798 


29. 793 


29. 780 


29. 782 


29. 777 


29. 754 


29. 751 


29. 740 


29. 725 


29. 719 


29. 718 


29. 708 


29.697 | 


29. 691 


June 13... 


29. 578 


29. 575 


29. 567 


29. 570 


29. 564 


29. 556 


29. 557 


29. 558 


29.544 


29.547 


29. 551 


29. 565 


29. 571 


29.584 


Juno 14... 


29. 59G 


29. 583 


29. 591 


29. 586 


29. 603 


29. 606 


29. 609 


29. 604 


29.612 


29. 614 


29. 613 


29. 615 


29.621 


29. 035 


June 13... 


29. 7G6 


29. 785 


29. 800 


29. 818 


29. 830 


29. 846 


29. 852 


29. 868 


29. 879 


29. 886 


29. 890 


29. 901 


29.920 : 


29. 927 


June 1C... 


30. 001 


30. 003 


30. 008 


30. 018 


30. 035 


30. 043 


30. 043 


30. 044 


30. 047 


30. 048 


30. 050 


30. 058 


30.067 


30. 071 


June 17... 


30. 124 


30. 129 


30. 337 


30. 143 


30.152 


30. 155 


30. 1G0 


30. 1G0 


30. 157 


30. 157 


30. 105 


30. 166 


30.103 


30. 164 


June 18... 


30. 135 


30.3 34 


30. 140 


30. 136 


30. 148 


30. 161 


30.161 


30.158 


30. 1G1 


30. 102 


30. 166 


30. 160 


30.105 


30. 107 


June 19... 


30. 192 


30. 194 


30. 200 


30. 202 


30. 206 


30. 209 


30.214 


30. 210 


30. 210 


30.210 


30. 209 


30. 197 


30. 195 


J0.2 1 


Juno 20... 


30. 159 


30.155 


30.151 


30. 141 


30. 148 


30. 151 


30. 154 


30. 151 


30. 143 


30. 133 


30. 127 


30.127 


30.123 . 


30.110 


June 21... 


30. 02G 


30. 019 


30. 021 


30. 021 


30. 023 


30. 026 


30. 023 


30. 022 


30. 014 


30. 008 


30. 069 


30. 000 


29. 994 


29. 999 


Juno 22... 


29. 909 


29. 901 


29. 903 . 


29. 895 


29. S95 


29. 892 


29. 883 


29. 883 


29. 876 


29. 876 


29. 869 


29. 8C7 


29. 859 • 


29. 858 


Juno 23... 


29. 793 


29. 805 


29.812 


29. 803 


29. 809 


29. 804 


29. 800 


29. 78S 


29 790 


29. 793 


"29.786 


29. 7S0 


29. 773 


29. 767 


June 24... 


29. 740 


29. 749 


29. 746 


29. 756 


29. 765 


29. 7G6 


29. 760 


29. 763 


29. 764 


29. 7G7 


29. 769 


29. 766 


29. 760 


29. 701 


June 25... 


29. 825 


29. 841 


20. 847 


29. 855 


' 29.871 


29. 882 


29. 885 


29. S9S 


29. 903 


29. 905 


29. 902 


29.9U2 


29. 912 


29. 916 


June 2G... 


29. 940 


29. 945 


29. 958 


29. 955 


29. 965 


29. S08 


29. 970 


29. 973 


29. 970 


29. 968 


29. 970 


29. 972 


29. 977 


29. 984 


June 27... 


29. 955 


29. 957 


29. 9G0 


29. 955 


29. 963 


29. S68 


29. 959 


29. 956 


29. 948 


29. 941 


29. 932 


29. £99 


29. 884 


29. 864 


Juno 28... 


29. 637 


29. C22 


29. 607 


29. C02 


29. 599 


29. 5S6 


29. 582 


29. 584 


29. 573 


29. 559 


29. 566 


29. 559 


29. 563 


29. 571 


Juno 29... 


29.653 


29. 059 


29. 667 


29. 683 


29. 693 


29. G90 


29. 691 


29. 689 


29. 697 


29. 707 


29. 722 


29. 731 


29. 735 


29. 747 


June 30... 


29. 726 


29. 740 


29. 730 


29. 739 


29. 754 


29. 755 


29. 753 


29. 747 


29. 740 


29. 744 


29. 745 


29. 755 


29. 702 


29. 767 


Means .. 


29.909 


29. 912 


29. 915 


29. 917 


29. 924 


29. 926 


29. 927 


29. 926 


29. 924 


29. 923 


29. 924 


29. 924 


29. 924 


29. 913 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p. m. 


(5 p. m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 

means. 


Max. 


Mm. 


Range. 


1883. 
June 1 


29. 801 


29. 795 


29. 792 


29. 784 


29. 775 


29. 702 


29. 757 


29. 758 


29. 751 


29. 747 


29. 782 


29. 802 


29.747 


.035 


June 2 


29. 795 


29. 796 


29. 794 


29. 790 


29. 780 


29. 777 


29. 773 


29. 709 


29. 707 


29. 763 


29. 777 


29. 801 


29. 743 


.058 


June 3 


29. 880 


29. 883 


29. S93 


29. 893 


29. 900 


29. 908 


29. 910 


29. 923 


29. 932 


29. 940 


29. S50 


29. 940 


29. 756 


.184 


June 4 


30. 044 


30. C48 


30. CGI 


30. 001 


30. 063 


30. 005 


30. 069 


30. 074 


30. 077 


30. 078 


30. 023 


30. 07S 


29. 941 


.137 


June 5 


30. 114 


30. 123 


30. 124 


30. 132 


30. 131 


30. 129 


30. 120 


30. 131 


30. 334 


30.135 


30. 112 


30. 135 


30. 085 


.040 


June G 


30. 103 


30.108 


30.115 


30. 122 


30. 122 


30. 117 


30.118 


30. 115 


30.116 


30.118 


30. 127 


30. 147 


30. 097 


.050 


June 7 


30. 123 


30. 110 


30. 097 


30. 087 


30. 076 


30. 0G3 


30. 054 


30. 045 


30. 030 


30. 024 


30. 103 


30. 137 


30. 024 


.113 


June 8 


30. 013 


30. 029 


30. 026 


30. 020 


30. 020 


30. 018 


30.010 


30. 005 


29.D99 


29. 991 


30.015 


30. 029 


29. 991 


.038 


June 9 


30. 045 


30. C53 


30. 058 


30. 071 


30. 079 


30. 093 


30. 100 


30.123 


30. 131 


30. 143 


30. 039 


30. 143 


29. 9S2 


.161 


June 10. .. 


30. 185 


30. 378 


30. 104 


30. 148 


30. 150 


30.131 


30. 117 


30.300 


30. 0S4 


30. 073 


33.164 


30. 205 


30. 073 


.132 


June 11... 


29. 930 


29.919 


29. 900 


29. 895 


29. 881 


29. 850 


29. 852 


29. 840 


29. 810 


29. 801 


; 


30. 048 


29. 801 


.247 


June 12... 


29. 08S 


29. CS4 


29. 671 


29. 003 


29. 653 


29. 634 


29. 625 


29.1110 


29. GOO 


29. 591 


2! . 702 


29. 798 


29. 591 


.207 


Juno 13... 


29. 590 


29. 602 


29. 597 


29. 599 


29. 599 


29. 599 


29. 604 


29. 599 


29. 599 


29. 59S 


2! .578 


29. C04 


29.544 


.060 


June 14... 


29. 644 


29. 659 


29. 672 


29. 679 


29. 691 


29. 704 


29. 715 


29. 711 


29. 728 


29. 741 


2 I C43 


29.741 


29. 583 


. 158 


June 15... 


29. 937 


29. 948 


29. 953 


29. 968 


29. 973 


29. 977 


29. 981 


29. 987 


29. 997 


30. 007 


29. 904 


30. 007 


29. 700 


.241 


June 16... 


30. 083 


30. 087 


30. 095 


30. 099 


30.103 


30. 10S 


30. 118 


30. 120 


30. 120 


30. 127 


30. 066 


30. 127 


30.001 


.120 


June 17... 


30. 172 


30. 173 


30. 170 


30.166 


30. 10G 


30. 165 


30. 153 


30. 154 


30.152 


30. 147 


30.150 


30. 17G 


30.124 


. 052 


Juno IS... 


30. 177 


30. 179 


30. ISO 


30. 180 


30. 180 


SO. 189 


30.189 


30. 188 


30. 192 


30. 194 


30. 107 


30. 194 


30. 1S4 


.060 


Juno 19... 


30. 207 


30.198 


30. 186 


30.184 


30. 179 


30. 172 


30. 173 


30. 167 


30. 1GG 


30. 159 


30.193 


30.214 


30. 159 


.055 


June 20... 


30. 118 


30. 120 


30. 100 


30. 094 


30. 082 


30. 070 


30. 058 


30. 054 


30. 052 


30. 047 


30.110 


30. 155 


SO. 047 


.108 


Juno 21... 


30. 003 


29. 995 


29. 983 


29. 975 


29. 967 


20. 952 


29. 947 


29. 945 


29. 934 


29. 922 


29. 993 


30. 02G 


29.922 


.104 


Juno 22 . . . 


29. 851 


29. 853 


29. 851 


29. S35 


29. 828 


29. 825 


29. 818 


29.810 


29. 817 


29. 81J 


29. SGI 


29. 909 


29.811 


.098 


Juno 23... 


29. 703 


29. 754 


29. 744 


29. 744 


29. 739 


29. 739 


29. 748 


29. 752 


29. 753 


29. 752 


29. 775 


29.812 


29. 739 


.073 


June 24. .. 


29. 770 


29. 788 


29. 796 


29. 80G 


29. 806 


29. £07 


29. 812 


29.819 


29. 824 


29. 829 


29. 779 


29. 82!) 


29. 740 


.089 


June 25... 


29. 919 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 928 


29. 928 


29. 941 


29. 943 


29. 948 


29. 945 


29. 903 


29. 948 


29. 825 


.123 


June 26 .. 


29. 983 


29. 986 


29. 987 


29. 988 


29. 988 


29. 988 


29. 989 


29. 983 


29. 975 


29. 972 


29. 973 


29. 989 


29. 940 


.049 


Juno 27... 


29. 842 


29. 834 


29. 803 


29. 795 


29. 771 


29. 752 


29. 717 


29. G97 


29. 670 


29. 058 


29. 862 


29. 968 


29. 658 


.310 


Juno 28... 


29. 578 


29. G03 


29. 611 


29. G25 


29. 627 


29. 640 


29. 635 


29. 646 


29. 652 


29. 60 1 


29. G04 


29. 601 


29. 559 


.102 


Juno 29... 


29. 756 


29. 762 


29. 703 


29. 763 


29. 775 


29. 787 


29. 790 


29. 793 


29. 771 


29. 757 


29. 72S 


29. 793 


29. C53 


.140 


Juno 30... 


29. 779 


29. 793 


29. 801 


29. 805 


29. 810 


29. 808 


29.815 


29. 808 


29. 807 


29. 800 


29. 770 


29. S15 


29. 720 


.089 


Means .. 


29. 930 


29.933 


29. 931 


29. 930 


29. 928 


29. 926 


29. 924 


29. 922 


29. 920 


29.918 


29. 924 


29. 974 


29. S59 


.115 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



225 



Tables showing pressure of air at Uglaamic from October •, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Barometer above sea, 17 feet. AVashington mean time. Correction for mean local time — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 



1883. 
July 1 .- 
July 2 .. 
July 3 . . 
July 4 .. 

July 5 . - 
July . . 
Julv i . . 
July8 .. 
July 9 . . 

July 10 . 
July 11 . 
July 12 . 
July 13 . 
July 14 . 

July 15 . 
July 1C . 
July 17 . 
July 18 . 

July 10 . 

July 20 . 
July 21 . 
July 22 . 
July 2;i 
July 24 . 

July 25 . 
July 20 . 
July 27 . 
July 28 . 
July 29 . 

July 30 . 
July 31 . 



Means . 



I a. in. 



29. 803 
29 (173 
29. 777 
29. 772 

29. 741 
29. 001 
29.041 
29. 582 
29. 893 

29. 862 
29. 791 
29. 790 
29. 842 
29. 878 

29. 972 

30. 098 
30. 027 
29. 718 
29. 590 

20.521 

29. 047 
29. S55 
29. 998 
30. 157 



30. 000 
30. 035 



29.S52 



29. 803 
29. COO 

29. 780 
29. 704 

29. 741 
29. 051 
29. 635 
29. 570 
29. 604 

29. 855 
29. 788 
29. 793 
29. 844 
29. 891 

29. 985 
30. 101 

30. 015 
29.717 
29. 605 

29. 534 
29. 604 

29. 867 

30. 006 
30. 1G0 



30. 244 


30. 258 


30.195 


30. 203 


30. 023 


30. 017 


29.848 


29. 830 


29. 760 


29. 770 



30. 020 
30. 023 



29. 854 



29. 808 
29. (.72 
29. 777 
29. 754 

29. 744 
29. 654 
29. 029 
29. 570 
29. 908 

29. 854 
29. 788 
29. 800 
29. 840 
29. 890 

29. 991 
30. 112 

30. 015 
29. 714 
29. 004 

29. 541 
29. 670 

29. 879 

30. 017 
30. 169 

30. 254 
30. 192 
30. 017 
29. 838 

29. 786 

30. 035 
30. 019 



4 a. m. 



29. 79S 
29. 072 
29. 785 
29. 754 

29. 753 
29. 642 
29. 634 
29. 584 
29.915 

29. S54 
29. 788 
29. 804 
29. 845 

29. 895 

30. 005 
30.113 
30. 016 
29. 686 
29. 599 

29. 542 
29. 681 

29. 888 

30. 021 
30. 185 

30. 256 
30. 194 
30. 017 
29. 831 

29. 801 

30. 031 
30. 011 



29. 857 



29. 858 



5 a. i)i. 


a. in. 


7 n. m. 


8 a. m. I 

1 


29. 788 


29. 777 


29.774 


29. 768 


29. 694 


29. 698 


29. 715 


29. 724 


29. 790 


29. 799 


29. 796 


29. 791 


29. 763 


29. 768 


29. 759 


29.754 


29. 758 


29. 700 


29. 763 


29. 702 


29. 644 


29. 631 


29.619 


29. 609 


29. 653 


29. 051 


29. 630 


29. 632 


29. 594 


29. 59S 


29.615 


29. 642 


29. 928 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 858 


29. 845 


29. 836 


29. 823 


29. 801 


29. 807 


29. 803 


29. 805 


29. 821 


29. 823 


29. 823 


29. 826 


29. 863 


29. 867 


29. 865 


29. 870 


29. 905 


29. 908 


29.913 


29. 918 


30. 007 


30. 012 


30. 019 


30. 02S 


30. 119 


30. 124 


30.121 


30. 117 


30. 011 


29. 995 


29. 980 


29. 908 


29. 081 


29. 670 


29. 671 


29. 648 


29. 613 


29. 610 


29. 600 


29. 007 


29. 544 


29. 546 


29. 542 


29. 544 


29. 701 


29. 704 


29. 709 


29. 722 


29. 891 


29. 893 


29. 895 


29."903 


30. 039 


30. 043 


30. 047 


30. 051 


30. 205 


30. 210 


30. 211 


30. 220 


30.2C9 


30. 203 


30. 204 


30. 264 


30. 192 


30. 181 


30. 177 


30. 170 


30. 019 


30. 013 


30. 001 


29. 999 


29. 838 


29. 833 


29. 811 


29. 803 


29. 818 


29. 831 


29. 840 


29. 850 


30. 050 


30. 061 


30. COO 


30. 073 


30. 010 


30. 015 


30. 009 


30. 003 


29. 867 


29. 860 


29. 865 


29. 865 i 

1 



!) a. m. 



10 a.m. 



11 a. m. 



__ 



29. 708 i 29. 765 

29. 718 I 29. 719 

29. 773 29. 778 

29. 747 29. 740 



29. 758 
29. 591 
29. 619 
29. 069 
29. 911 

29.810 
29. 805 
29. 829 
29. 870 

29. 924 

30. 029 
30. 114 
29. 954 
29. 038 
29. 605 

29. 543 
29: 725 

29. 905 

30. 053 
30. 228 

30. 205 
30. 107 
29. 994 
29. 791 

29. S01 

30. 073 
29. 993 



29. 755 
29. 583 
29. 614 
29. 690 
29. 914 

29. 805 
29. 805 
29. 831 
29. 800 

29. 927 

30. 034 
30. 109 
29. 942 
29. 024 
29. 000 

29. 541 
29. 731 

29. 915 

30. 064 
30. 230 

30. 263 
30.161 
29. 0S6 
29. 789 

29. 871 

30. 074 
29. 985 



29.761 
29. 724 
29. 787 
29.731 

29. 753 
29. 583 
29. 609 
29. 722 
29. 912 

29. 798 
29. f 05 
29. 839 
29. 865 

29. 929 

30. 039 
30. 113 
29. 930 
29. 621 
29. 604 

29. 542 
29. 741 

29. 923 
io! 064 

30. 238 

30. 261 
30.156 
29. 980 
29. 785 

29. 880 

30. 080 
29. 978 



29. 862 ! 29. 803 



12 m. 



29. 757 
29. 726 
29. 789 
29. 730 

29. 760 
29. 582 
29. 611 
29. 742 
29. 909 

29. 795 
29. 810 
29. 834 
29. 874 

29. 933 

30. 034 
30. 101 
29. 915 
29.611 
29. 598 

29. 553 
29. 744 

29. 925 

30. 070 
30. 243 

30. 260 
30.14G 
29. 909 
29. 773 

29. 896 

30. 081 
29. 975 



1 p. m, 



2 p. m. 



29. 754 
29. 719 
29.794 



29. I 



29. 733 

29. 578 
29. 614 
29. 758 
29.911 

29. 790 
29. 817 
29. 839 
29. 863 

29. 940 

30. 054 
30. 098 
29. 905 
29. G08 
29. 001 

29. 550 
29. 753 

29. 933 

30. 083 
30. 244 

30. 208 
30. 143 
29. S50 
29. 759 

29. 922 

30. 08G 
29. 973 



29. 804 



29. 741 
29. 733 
29. 805 
29. 719 

29. 751 
29. 576 
29. 016 
29. 779 
29. 917 

29. 791 
29. 823 
29. 841 
29. 864 

29. 947 

30. C03 
30. 102 
29. 896 
29. 602 
29. 598 

29. 5GG 
29. 775 

29. 942 

30. 095 
30.241 

30. 264 
30. 134 
29. 952 
29. 757 

29. 938 

30. 095 
29. 971 



29. 864 i 29. 80S 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


t> p. m. 


7 p. in. 


8 p. in. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1883. 
Jnlyl .... 


29. 738 


29. 734 


29. 730 


29. 710 


29. 709 


29. 703 


29. 701 


29. 095 


29. 690 


29. 088 


29. 749 


29. 808 


29. OSS 


.120 


July 2 .... 


29. 747 


29. 756 


29. 771 


29. 789 


29. 803 


29. 797 


29. 810 


29. 804 


29. 797 


29. 792 


29. 738 


29.810 


29. GOG 


.144 


July 3 . . . . 


29. 813 


29. 820 


29. 826 


29. 831 


29. 825 


29. 816 


29. 807 


29. 801 


29. 793 


29. 785 


29. 798 


29. 831 


29. 773 


.058 


July 4 


29. 725 


29. 734 


29. 734 


29. 739 


29. 734 


29. 737 


29. 740 


29. 730 


29. 742 


29. 743 


29. 744 


29. 772 


29. 719 


.053 


July 5 .... 


29. 752 


29. 748 


29. 744 


29. 739 


29. 731 


29. 721 


29. 714 


29. 699 


29. 687 


29. 082 


29. 740 


29. 763 


29. 682 


.081 


July 6 . . . . 


29. 582 


29. 596 


29. 604 


29. 607 


29. 611 


29. 618 


29. 636 


29. 642 


29. 037 


29. 647 


29.610 


29. 661 


29. 576 


.085 


July 7 


29. 019 


29. 620 


29. 624 


29. 619 


29. 619 


29. 609 


29. 609 


29. 603 


29. 596 


29. 593 


29. 621 


29. 653 


29. 593 


.060 


July 8 .... 


29. 810 


29. S28 


29. 841 


29. 851 


29. 863 


29. 871 


29. 890 


29. 894 


29. 897 


29. 890 


29. 741 


29. 897 


29. 576 


.321 


July 9 .... 


29. 923 


29. 921 


29. 899 


29. 896 


29. 895 


29. 890 


29. 889 


29. 885 


29. 882 


29. 876 


29. 906 


29. 928 


29. 876 


.052 


July 10 ... 


29. 793 


29. 794 


29. 790 


29. 785 


29. 792 


29. 791 


29. 799 


29. 799 


29. 803 


29. 803 


29.814 


29. 862 


29. 785 


.077 


July 11 --. 


29.821 


29. 820 


29. 808 


29. 808 


29. 808 


29. 805 


29. 813 


29. 810 


29.810 


29. 805 


29. 800 


29. 823 


29. 7eS 


.035 


July 12 ... 


29. 851 


29. 851 


29. 851 


29. 848 


29. 848 


29.848 


29. 850 


29. 852 


29. 858 


29. 853 


29. 834 


29. 858 


29. 793 


.065 


July 13 ... 


29. 808 


29. 870 


29. 883 


29. 888 


29. 891 


29. 885 


29. 899 


29. 897 


29. 902 


29. 901 


29. 872 


29. 902 


29. 842 


.060 


July 14 ... 


29. 953 


29. 950 


29. 960 


29. 965 


29. 972 


29. 959 


29. 979 


29. 909 


29. 976 


29. 952 


29. 935 


29. 979 


29. 878 


.101 


July 15... 


30. 081 


30. 087 


30. 093 


30. 091 


30. 088 


30. 086 


30. 095 


30.104 


30. 107 


30. Ill 


30. 051 


30. Ill 


29. 972 


.139 


July 16 . . . 


30. 105 


30. 107 


30. 098 


30. 088 


30. OSS 


30. 075 


30. 071 


30. 003 


30. 047 


30. 010 


30. 097 


30. 124 


30. 040 


.084 


July 17... 


29. 889 


29. 87C 


29. 855 


29. 845 


29. 828 


29. 811 


29. 800 


29. 779 


29.764 


29. 745 


29. 907 


30. 027 


29. 745 


.252 


July 18 . . . 


29. 599 


29. 600 


29. 005 


29. 594 


29.594 


29. 592 


29. 595 


29. 598 


29. 594 


29. 593 


29. 632 


29. 718 


29. 594 


.12G 


July 19 . . . 


29. 009 


29. 003 


29. 591 


29. 58G 


29. 581 


29. 566 


29. 566 


29. 559 


29. 559 


29. 54G 


29. 592 


29.613 


29. 546 


.067 


July 20 . . . 


29. 574 


29. 583 


29. 592 


29. 592 


29. 603 


29. 604 


29. 618 


29. 628 


29. 638 


29. 647 


29.571 


29. 647 


29.52! 


.126 


July 21 ... 


29. 781 


29. 794 


29. 801 


29. 803 


29. 815 


29. 818 


29. 817 


29. 823 


29. 827 


29.840 


29. 754 


29. 840 


29. 647 


.193 


July 22 . . . 


29. 949 


29. 939 


29. 907 


29. 970 


29. 975 


29. 977 


29. 988 


30. 002 


30. 010 


30. 006 


29. 934 


30. 010 


29. 855 


.155 


July 23 ... 


30. 104 


30. 113 


30. 120 


30. 115 


30. 115 


30. 118 


30. 130 


30. 133 


30. 142 


30. 153 


30. 079 


30. 153 


29. 998 


.155 


July 24 . . . 


30. 250 


30. 259 


30. 259 


30. 202 


30. 263 


30. 260 


30. 257 


30. 256 


30. 257 


30. 257 


30. 230 


30. 263 


30. 157 


.106 


July 25 . . . 


30. 258 


30. 259 


30. 252 


30. 247 


30. 240 


30. 232 


30. 231 


30. 224 


30. 222 


30. 214 


30.251 


30.269 


30. 214 


.055 


July 26 . . . 


30. 126 


30. 114 


30. 107 


30. 098 


30. 082 


30. 070 


30. 067 


30. 001 


30. 056 


30. 049 


30. 135 


30. 203 


30. 049 


.154 


July 27 ... 


29. 953 


29. 939 


29. 925 


29. 923 


29.918 


29. 900 


29. 894 


29. 894 


29. 877 


29. 868 


29. 960 


30. 023 


29. 808 


.155 


July 28 . . . 


29. 759 


29. 750 


29. 739 


29. 739 


29. 738 


29. 738 


29. 750 


29. 755 


29. 759 


29. 766 


29. 783 


29.848 


29. 738 


.110 


July 29 ... 


29. 914 


29. 950 


29. 961 


29. 907 


29. 972 


29. 982 


29. 991 


29. 999 


30. 005 


30. 014 


29. 901 


30. 014 


29. 760 


.254 


July 30 . . . 


30. 100 


30. 100 


30. 092 


30. 089 


30. 080 


30. 067 


30. 070 


30. 071 


30. 056 


30. 054 


30. 067 


30. 100 


30. 000 


.094 


July 31 ... 


29. 901 


29. 951 


29. 944 


29. 939 


29. 938 


29. 923 


29. 923 


29. 916 


29. 927 


29. 913 


29. 973 


30. 035 


29. 913 


.122 


Means . . 


29. 872 


29.874 


29. 873 


29. 872 


29. 872 


29. 867 


29. 871 


29. 869 


29. 808 


29. 866 


29. 866 


29. 921 


29. 602 


.119 



H. Ex. 44 29 



22G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tables showing pressure of air at UgJaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1S83 — Continued. 

[Uaroitietcr above sea, 17 feet. Washington mean time. Correction for local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. in. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3883. 
Aug. !■--- 


29. 920 


29.018 


20. 91 5 


20.010 


20. 007 


29. 002 


29. 897 


29. 894 


29. 896 


29. 889 


29. 880 


29. 880 


29. 878 


29. 8G8 


Aug. 





29. 620 


29. 820 


29. 82:; 


20.821 


20. 820 


20. 825 


29. 829 


29.821 


29. 810 


20.818 


20. S1G 


29. 809 


29. 804 


29. 806 


Aug. 


3 . . . 


20, 822 


29. 820 


20. 827 


20. S31 


20. 843 


29. 841 


29. 839 


29. 847 


20. 810 


20. 852 


29.848 


29. 847 


29. 851 


29. 852 


Auk. 


A... 


29. S55 


29. 855 


20. 858 


20. 86(1 


20. 803 


29. 860 


29. 860 


29. 800 


29. 8G3 


29. 860 


29. 800 


29. 860 


29. 860 


29. 858 


Auk. 


5 . . . 


29. 825 


29. 820 


20. 820 


29 S2:s 


20. 824 


20. 830 


29.823 


29. 820 


29.818 


20 817 


20. 818 


20. 820 


29. 82G 


29. 830 


Auk- 


a... 


29 857 


20, 855 


29. 807 


20. S75 


20. 878 


20. 870 


29. 879 


29. 885 


29. 887 


20. 801 


29. 904 


29.911 


29. 918 


29. 92G 


Auk- 


7... 


2D. 930 


29. 958 


29. 063 


20. 003 


20. 005 


20. 070 


29. 978 


29. 978 


29. 972 


20. 973 


20. 980 


20. 072 


20. 000 


29. 9G7 


Aug. 


S... 


29. 970 


20. 081 


20. 084 


20. 988 


20. 993 


20. 999 


30. 001 


30. 000 


30. 004 


30. 005 


30. 00G 


30. 000 


30. 005 


30.015 


Auk. 


!)... 


29. 998 


20. 990 


20. 003 


20. 070 


20. 977 


29. 970 


29. 965 


29. 947 


29. 938 


20. 031 


29. 922 


29. 908 


29. 809 


29. 889 


Auk. 


10...' 


29. 790 


20. 700 


20. 787 


20. 779 


29. 773 


29. 749 


29. 746 


29. 734 


29. 723 


20.710 


29. 705 


29. 700 


29. 094 


29. 095 


Auk. 


11... 


29, 098 


29. 087 


20. 004 


20. 004 


20. 688 


29. 096 


29. 691 


20. 070 


29. G79 


29. 071 


20. 6GG 


20. 0G8 


20. 052 


29. GOO 


Aug. 


12... 


29. 505 


20. 500 


20. 050 


20. 551 


29. 54G 


29. 549 


29. 532 


20. 524 


29. 51G 


29.514 


20. 500 


29. 505 


39.503 


29. 501 


Auk- 


i:j... 


29. 512 


20. 512 


20. 515 


29. 520 


29. 532 


29. 534 


29. 534 


20. 544 


29. 551 


29. 552 


20. 501 


. 20.560 


29. 571 


29. 577 


Auk. 


14... 


29.022 


20. 029 


20. 634 


20. 030 


29. 05G 


29. 656 


29.061 


20. G61 


29. 650 


29. 659 


20. GC0 


20.GG4 


29. 072 


29.G84 


Aug. 


15. . . 


29. 705 


29. 775 


29. 787 


29. 787 


29. 784 


29. 802 


29. 797 


29. 793 


29. 78G 


29. 786 


29. 708 


20. 762 


29. 750 


29. 742 


Aug. 


in... 


29.G31 


29. 022 


20. 015 


29. 611 


29. G10 


29.612 


29. GOO 


29. 596 


29. 580 


29. 578 


29. 570 


29. 560 


29. 548 


29. 543 


Alls 


17... 


29. OT2 


29 357 


20. 339 


29. 325 


29. 319 


29. 307 


29. 302 


29 297 


29. 305 


29.313 


29. 328 


29. 329 


29. 348 


29. 345 


Aug. 


is... 


29. 314 


29. 320 


29. 313 


29. 319 


29. 325 


29. 335 


29. 350 


29. 358 


29. 375 


29. 393 


29. 405 


29. 422 


29. 437 


29. 461 


Auk. 


19. . . 


29. C42 


20. 000 


29. 075 


29. 691 


29. 700 


29.713 


29. 728 


29. 741 


29. 751 


29. 766 


29. 772 


29. 808 


29. S21 


29. 850 


Aug. 


20... 


29. 9L5 


29.885 


29. 872 


20. 840 


29.810 


29. 795 


29. 755 


29. 713 


20. 681 


29. 655 


29. G23 


20.502 


29. 508 


29. 542 


Aug'. 


21... 


29. 011 


29. 527 


29. 545 


29. 571 


29. 090 


29. Gil 


29. 629 


29. G58 


20. 680 


20. 701 


29. 720 


20. 753 


29. 780 


29. 800 


Auk 


22 


30.058 


30. 068 


30. 084 


30. 000 


30. 100 


.to. Ill 


30.118 


30. 120 


30.118 


30.115 


30.122 


30. 121 


30 120 


30.121 


Aug. 


23... 


30. 022 


30. 00G 


29. 983. 


20. 970 


29. 950 


29. 934 


20. 922 


29. 90G 


29. 896 


29. 882 


29. 878 


20. 872 


29. EG3 


29. 857 


Auk- 


21... 


29. 722 


20. 701 


29. 085 


20. G67- 


29. 027 


29. 608 


29. 572 


20. 542 


29. 505 


29. 490 


29. 483 


29. 482 


29. 404 


29. 524 


Auk- 


25. . 


29. 995 


30. 014 


30. 022 


30. 0:50 


30. 0C5 


30. 005 


30. 005 


30. OGJ 


30. 052 


30. 050 


30. 025 


30. 013 


30. 003 


29.084 


Aug. 


20... 


29. 045 


29. 025 


29. 590 


20. 563 


20. 540 


29. 523 


29. 518 


20. 490 


20. 487 


20. 512 


29. 530 


20.5G1 


20. 570 


20. 002 


Auk- 


27*.. 
ans . . 


29. 877 


29. 912 


29. 933 


29. 940 


20.945 


29. 939 


29. 940 


29. 800 


20.013 


20. 905 


29. 913 


29. 002 


29. 883 


29. 870 


Mf 


29.700 


29.707 


20. 700 


29.7G6 


20. 705 


29. 7G4 


29.701 


29. 755 


20. 752 


29. 752 


29.751 


29.751 


29.751 


29. 754 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 

means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


1883. 
Aug. 1... 


29. S69 


20. 860 


20. 865 


29. 800 


29. 858 


29. 850 


29. 845 


29. 840 


29. S39 


29. 8-fG 


29. 879 


20. 920 


29. S30 


.081 


Aug. 2... 


29. 815 


29. 823 


29. 825 


20.82G 


29. 82G 


29. 833 


29.830 


29. 831 


29. 829 


29. 820 


29. 822 


29. 833 


29. 804 


.029 


Aug. 3... 


29. S57 


29. S59 


29. 850 


29. 853 


29. 857 


29. 855 


29. 858 


29. 850 


29. 830 


20. 850 


29. 840 


29. 858 


29. 822 


.036 


Aug. 4... 


29. 857 


20. 840 


29. 814 


29.850 


29. 848 


20. 841 


29. 843 


29.844 


20. 839 


20. 820 


20. 854 


29. 800 


29. 829 


.037 


Aug. 5... 


29. S:i4 


29.837 


29. 841 


29.841 


29.845 


29. 849 


29.851 


29. 857 


29. 853 


20. 850 


29. 832 


20. 857 


20.817 


.040 


Aug. 0... 


29.928 


29. 937 


29. 938 


29. 943 


29. 940 


29. 949 


29. 952 


29. 954 


20. 035 


20. 952 


29.911 


29. 955 


20. 855 


.100 


Aug. 7 .. 


29. 970 


29.968 


29.977 


29. 975 


29.981 


29. 980 


29.978 


29. 977 


20. 976 


29. 973 


29. 972 


29. 981 


29. 95G 


.025 


Aug. 8... 


SO. 021 


30. 028 


30. 031 


30. 031 


30. 027 


30. 027 


30. 020 


30. 013 


30. 008 


30. 000 


30. 007 


30. 031 


29. 970 


.055 


Aug. 9... 


29. 879 


29. 807 


29. 807 


29. 852 


29. 835 


29. 829 


29. 823 


20. 813 


20. 804 


20. 798 


29. 903 


29. 008 


20. 798 


.200 


Aug. 30... 


29. G93 


29. C83 


29. G81 


29.0S9 


29. 080 


29. 080 


29. 691 


29.692 


29. 608 


20. G98 


29. 720 


20. 70(1 


29 G81 


.109 


Aug. 11... 


29.042 


29. 042 


29. 032 


29. 025 


29. 6o9 


29. 008 


29. 592 


29.591 


29. 574 


29. 5G0 


29. 650 


29. 008 


20. 569 


.329 


Aug. 12... 


29. 500 


29.491 


29. 491 . 


29. 490 


29. 498 


29. 497 


20. 503 


29. 499 


20. 502 


29. 508 


29.517 


20. 505 


29. 191 


.074 


Aug. IS... 


29. 577 


29. 591 


29. 589 


29. 594 


29.594 


29.594 


29. 003 


29. 009 


20. 610 


29. 017 


29. 503 


29.017 


29. 512 


.105 


Aug. 14... 


29, G92 


29. 709 


29.719 


29. 721 


29. 729 


29. 735 


29. 737 


29. 734 


20. 749 


29. 753 


29. 635 


29. 753 


20. 622 


.131 


Aug. J3...1 


29. 721 


29. 714 


29. 703 


29.099 


29. 092 


20. 078 


29.675 


20. GG2 


20. 649 


29. 037 


29. 738 


29. 802 


20. 037 


.105 


Aug. 10. . . 


29. 532 


29. 522 


29. 502 


29.485 


29.470 


29. 450 


29. 432 


29. 414 


29. 404 


29. 391 


29. 537 


20. 631 


20. 391 


.240 


Aug. 17... 
Aug. 18.. j 


29. 352 


29. 355 


29. 355 


29. 360 


29. 352 


29. 349 


29. 337 


29. 323 


29. 314 


29.306 


29.333 


29. 372 


29.306 


.060 


26. 495 


29. 513 


29. 539 


29. 550 


29. 072 


29. 58G 


29. 590 


29. 606 


29. 620 


29. 030 


29. 452 


29. 030 


29.313 


.323 


Aug. 19... 


29. 868 


29. 898 


20. 900 


29.917 


29. 933 


29. 918 


29. 933 


29. 935 


29.923 


29. 923 


29. Sll 


29. 033 


29. 042 


. 293 


Aug. 20. . . 


29. 527 


29. 508 


29. 494 


29.479 


29.470 


29.469 


29. 470 


29. 4S2 


29.489 


29. 492 


29. 630 


29. 915 


29.469 


.446 


Aug. 21..., 


29. 843 


29. 870 


29 899 


29. 913 


29. 935 


29. 960 


29. 985 


30. 004 


30. 017 


30.045 


29. 773 


30. 045 


29.511 


.531 


Aug. 22..; 


89. 118 


30. 113 


30. 107 


30.099 


30. 094 


30. 078 


30. 007 


30. 003 


30.044 


30. 030 


30.095 


30.122 


3P.030 


.092 


Aug. 23...- 

Aug. 24... i 

Aug. 25,.. 
Ang. 20... 


29.850 


£9. 838 


29. 840 


29. 840 


29. 817 


29.804 


29. 783 


29.760 


29. 750 


29. 735 


29. 874 


30. 022 


29. 735 


.287 


28. 509 


29. 014 


20. GS3 


29. 73G 


29. 782 


29. 823 


29. 875 


29. 918 


29. 943 


29. 973 


20.6G8 


29. 973 


29. 482 


.491 


29. 950 


20. 033 


20. 898 


29. 859 


29. 840 


29. 808 


29, 770 


29. 732 


29.704 


29. 065 


29. 943 


30.0G5 


29. 005 


.400 


29. 037 


29. 004 


29. G92 


29. 733 


29. 7G1 


29. 787 


29. 811 


29.831 


20. 855 


29. 866 


29.642 


£9. 86G 


29. 487 


.370 


Aug. 27... 


29.852 


29. 829 


29. 803 


29. 792 


29.791 


29. 769 


29. 751 


29. 727 


29.711 


129.095 


29.854 


29.946 


29. 693 


.251 


Means.. 


29.758 


29. 700 


20. 702 


29. 764 


29. 705 


29. 763 


29. 7G4 


29. 761 


29. 760 


29. 75S 


29. 700 


29. 854 


29.004 


.300 



'■Station abandoned August 27, 1883 



Atmospheric pressure, corrected. 



tApproxiroated. 



MoatU. 



; Mean. Max. Min. Eange 



4361, 
INovombei' . .-. 
December 



29.894 
29. 858 



30. 70Sf29. 
30. 393 29. 



108, 

23ll 



1.600 
1. 1G2 



"W'iut'io jpoHoa ,i £9. 870 30. 708 29. 108 1. 600 



8832.' 

January 1 

i'olmiarjr It 

March .'I 

April ~ I 



29. 830, 
29. 723 
■M. 070 
29. 980 



505' 28. 
2.91129. 
745J29. 

57320. 



28.1; 

015' 

ooo| 

424' 



2. 2821. 
3.270' 
1. G55| 
1. 149; 



Month. 



1882. 

May 

Juno 

July 

August 

September .... 

October 

November 

December 

"Whole period 



Mean. Max. Min. Eange, 



080 30, 
88030 
604 30, 
6U'30. 
812,30. 
89830. 
82*30. 
118:30. 



422 20. 
222 29. 



20. 903I3O. 987 



I 

O.G49' 
0.064 
0. 673; 
1.175 
1.435 
0.656 
1. 208, 
1. 542: 



28. 283 



704 



Month. 



1883. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Juu© 

July 

August 

"WhoU period. 



Mean. Mas. Min 



29. 965 30. 
30. 21S30. 
30. 028 30. 



30. 027 
29. 881 
29.941 
29.883 



29. 024 

28. 992 
29. 503 

29. 350 



. 600129. 140 

. 23S|2B. 501 

. 28*'29. 588 

29. 770,80. 141 29. 313 

29. 964;30. 962 28. 902 

I i 



Eange. 



1.938 
1.934 
1.340 
1.222 
1.460 
0.672 
0.750 
0. 82S 

1.970 



EXPEDITION" TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



227 



Tabic showing the temperature of the air at TTglaamie from October, 1881, to Augv.it, 1883. 

| Height of l In- ttoerniomoter above the- surface of tbe earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes ] 



Date 


1 11. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. in. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


(i a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 


It a. ra. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. in . 


12 m. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


1681. 






























Ort. IK .... 


SH 


:so. :i 


29.9 


30.4 


:•:;. 5 


33.3 


33.3 


33.8 


34.0* 


35. 7 


35.9 


35. -C 


37.5 


38.5 


Oct. 10 .... 


38. 1 


38.2 


37.3 


30.4 


35. 8 


3G. 


30.2 


30.2 


3G. 


34.7 


33.8 


34.0 


34 4 


33.7 


Octiu .... 


31.3 


31.9 


30.7 


30.8 


31.0 


30.3 


30.2 


29.4 


29.4 


29.2 


28.2 


28.2 


27.4 


26.6 


Oct. '21 .... 


25 


25. ■"• 


24. 3 


25. 1 


27. 


25. 


20.4 


27.5 


29.9 


28.0 


28.3 


28.0 


27.9 


27.4 


Oct. 22 ... 


21.0 


21.0 


20.3 


19. 9 


10.5 


18.8 


17.6 


17.1 


17.4 


16. 1 


10. 1 


14.5 


15.5 


16.2 


Oct. 23.... 


! 9. 6 


10.0 


10.1 


17. 1 


IS. 4 


10 2 


19. 


19.7 


19. 6 


19.4 


19.1 


18.9 


18.6 


18.7 


Oct 24.... 


15.8 


1 1. .7 


15.0 


15. 2 


14.1 


12. 


12.3 


13.7 


14.0 


17.8 


17.4 


19.1 


17.0 


1G.8 


Oct, 23 .... 


13.2 


12.0 


10.2 


9.1 


8.8 


8.8 


0.4 


9.4 


8. (i 


8.5 


8.3 


8.1 


7.9 


7.6 


0ct.2(i .... 


9.7 


10. 


10.7 


10.8 


10.7 


10.8 


11.5 


11.7 


12.7 


12.9 


12.0 


11.1 


11.2 


12.0 


Oct. 27.... 


12.0 


l:;. 7 


12.0 


11.0 


U. 3 


11.4 


10.0 


10.1 


10.7 


10.8 


10.7 


9.9 


9.G 


9.1 


Oct 28.... 


14.8 


11.2 


14.0 


15. 1 


15.2 


15.7 


17.2 


17.3 


17.0 


17.0 


10.8 


17.8 


18.6 


19.8 


Oct. 29 ... . 


15.6 


15.7 


15. 5 


15 7 


10.4 


10.2 


17.0 


17.2 


10. 8 


17.4 


17.5 


17.5 


17.7 


17.8 


Oct SO .... 


23. 6 


23. 5 


23.5 


23. 2 


21.7 


20, 8 


1 5. 8 


13.7 


0.0 


7.0 


6.2 


8.8 


8.2 


9.5 


Oct.::) .... 


15.0 


17.0 


15.0 


15.2 


15.5 


15. S 


1G.4 


14.3 


13.2 


15.3 


15.8 


15.3 


15.6 


17.4 


Means . 


20. 6tt 


20. 51 


10.95 


19.04 


19.78 


19. G4 


10. 54 


19.30 
10 p.m. 


10.40 


10.31 


10.05 


19.06 


19.08 


19.37 


Date. 


3 (1. m. 


■1 ji. m. 


5 p. m. 


p. in. 


7 p. m. 


S p. m. 


'.) p. 111. 


11 r. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1881. 
Oct. !>.... 


38. 9 


39. 1 


;:«. 1 


37.7 


38.3 


38.5 


38.4 


38.1 


38.3 


38.2 


35. 7.". 


38.1 


28.3 


9.8 


Oct. 19 -- 


S3. 2 


32. 8 


32. 3 


32.8 


31.8 


32. 1 


30.5 


30. 7 


30.8 


31.3 


34. L3 


41. (i 


29.9 


11.7 


Oct 20 .... 


26.8 


27. 2 


20.4 


27.2 


20. G 


26.4 


25.6 


25. 5 


25. 3 


25.5 


28.22 


38 1 


24.4 


13.7 


Oct. 21 ... 


2G.2 


2:7. !) 


20. 2 


25.9 


25. 1 


24.1 


24.1 


2;. 1 


22. 


22.5 


25. SO 


31. 9 


21.9 


10.0 


Oct. 22.... 


18.2 


is. .1 


18.0 


10.1 


10.1 


IS. 


IS. G 


17.7 


17.0 


18.0 


18.17 


29.9 


14.4 


15.5 


Oct. 2:i.... 


13.3 


IS. 4 


IS. 1 


17.4 


17.4 


17.3 


17.1 


15. G 


15.7 


10.1 


18.20 


21.0 


14.5 


6.5 


Oct 24 .... 


10.0 


10. o 


14.8 


14.7 


11.7 


14. G 


14. G 


14.1 


13. 2 


13.7 


15.20 


25.0 


10.4 


14.6 


Ol !.-"• ... 


8.5 


7. 7 


7.S 


7.7 


7.5 


7.3 


8.0 


7.5 


8.8 


9.0 


8.74 


12.3 


0.0 


6.3 


Oct. 20... . 


12. 


12. S 


12.0 


12.8 


12.7 


13.1 


12.9 


13.0 


13.2 


13. G 


11.97 


10.5 


7.4 


9.1 


(VI. -7 ... 


;-, g 


y. y 


10.3 


0.9 


12.0 


10. S 


0.8 


G. 8 


0.6 


13.2 


10.22 


13.0 


2.5 


10.5 


Oct.sfi ....; 


19.9 


20.G 


20.0 


19.3 


19.1 


10.5 


10.3 


IS. 5 


15. G 


17.1 


1 7. .70 


20.0 


10.4 


9.6 


Oct 20....; 


18.6 


19.3 


21). 5 


20 9 


20.7 


20. li 


20. G 


24. 3 


24.1 


24.4 


18.08 


24.0 


14.0 


10.0 


Oct 38 .... 


li.0 


17. y 


18.0 


18 7 


15.8 


9.1 


s. 


13 


IS. 8 


14.9 


15. 10 


24.2 


4.3 


19.9 


O't.'U .... : 


17. G 


17.4 


17.0 


10. 


1G. 2 


10.0 


10. 1 


1G. 


10.3 


1G.0 


15.99 


17.0 


11.5 


5.5 


Means . 


ID. f.7 


20. 20 


20. 21 


20. 05 


19.79 


10. 10 


18.60 


18.85 


10. 09 


19. 5S 


19.50 


25.19 


14.28 


10.91 



228 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October; 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a.m. 


a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a, m. 


(I a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


1 p. IB. 


2 i>. m. 


1881. 






























'Sox. 1 ... 


16. 


15.8 


10.0 


15.9 


15.2 


14.9 


14.7 


13.7 


12.5 


11.8 


9.0 


11.0 


10.8 


10.9 


Not. 2 ... 


12.0 


11.0 


11.0 


10.8 


11.0 


10.6 


11.1 


10.6 


10.8 


10.9 


10.7 


10.6 


10.8 


12.7 


Not. 3 . . . 


12.0 


11.6 


10.7 


10.2 


9.8 


9.9 


9.9 


10.4 


9.8 


9.4 


8.0 


7.8 


7.2 


0.1 


Nov. 4 ... 


6.8 


6.0 


5.3 


5.0 


4.8 


4.2 


3.9 


4.2 


4.2 


4.5 


5.1 


5.4 


6.0 


7.1 


Nov. 5 ... 


3.3 


4.4 


4.8 


4.6 


4.4 


3.3 


3.4 


2.8 


1.0 


0.2 


0.1 


— 3.0 


— 3.0 


— 3. 5 


Nov. 6 . . . 


— 3.4 


— 4.2 


— 4.7 


— 5.8 


— 5.8 


— 7.5 


— 7.9 


— 9.5 


— 9.3 


— 9.3 


— 9.3 


— 7.7 


8. 2 


— 0.7 


Nov. 7 ... 


— 4.9 


— 3.2 


— 3.0 


— 1.9 


— 2.3 


— 5.0 


— 5. 7 


— 7. 5 


— 7.0 


— 9.1 


— 9.7 


— 7.9 


—11.0 


—11.1 


Nov. 8 ... 


— 3.7 


— 4.9 


— 5.3 


— 5.0 


— 4.9 


— 4.9 


— 4.6 


— 4.2 


— 3.8 


— 4.0 


— 4.9 


— 4.4 


— 3.9 


— 4.4 


Nov. . . . 


— 2.7 


— 2.1 


— 3.1 


— 3.0 


— 2.3 


— 1.7 


— 0.1 


— 0.4 


— 0.7 


— 0.1 


— 1.2 


— 1.9 


- 1.0 


— 1.2 


Nov. 10 . . . 


— 0.1 


— 1.3 


— 2.1 


— 3.0 


— 3.0 


— 3.4 


— 3.8 


— 4.8 


— 5.3 


— 5.4 


— 4.4 


— 3.2 


— 2.5 


— 3.0 


Nov. 11 . . . 


— 4.1 


— 3.9 


— 3.7 


— 5.1 


— 5.3 


- 5.4 


— 4.5 


— 5.6 


— 8.3 


— 7.5 


—11.0 


—11.0 


—11.9 


—11.0 


Nov. 12 ... 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—15.4 


—15.4 


—15.6 


—15.2 


—16.0 


-16.4 


—16.3 


—15.9 


—15.6 


—17.5 


—17.6 


—16.6 


Nov. 13 ... 


—19.2 


—19.2 


—19.4 


—19.4 


—20.3 


—20.4 


—21. 


—21.6 


—21.0 


—21.8 


—21.0 


—21.1 


—20.7 


—20.1 


Nov. 14 . . . 


—14.1 


—11.9 


—10.1 


—11.8 


— 7.5 


— 3.6 


- 0.6 


— 1.0 


— 1.0 


— 9.7 


— 9.5 


— 9.6 


— 9.1 


— 7.7 


Nov. 15 ... 


20.8 


20.7 


20.6 


22.4 


22.7 


23.5 


24.0 


24.5 


24.4 


24.5 


24.5 


24.5 


24.8 


25.0 


Nov. 16 . . . 


26.3 


24.0 


23.7 


20.9 


19.8 


18.6 


15.7 


8.5 


0.0 


4.6 


3.7 


3.0 


— 0.8 


1.4 


Nov. 17 . . . 


—13.2 


—12.6 


—13.0 


—13.0 


—14.7 


—14.6 


—15.5 


—14.3 


—12.5 


—16.6 


—16.6 


—17.5 


-10.4 


—15.4 


Nov. 18 . . . 


— 4.0 


— 4.8 


— 5.3 


— 4.9 


— 6.2 


— 6.5 


— 6.7 


— 6.2 


— 5.6 


— 5.8 


— 5.2 


— 4.4 


— 4.2 


— 4.2 


Nov. 19 . . . 


— 1.6 


— 0.9 


— 0.5 


— 0.4 


— 0.2 


1.3 


2.1 


2.3 


2.6 


3.0 


- 2.1 


3.0 


4.4 


5.2 


Nov. 20 ... 


6.2 


C.4 


3.8 


2.7 


1.4 


4.4 


3.4 


1.5 


1.4 


3.2 


2.8 


2.7 


4.2 


5.2 


Nov. 21 ... 


8.8 


6.0 


4.7 


4.4 


4.2 


3.8 


3.2 


2.1 


1.5 


— 0.5 


— 0.8 


3.6 


2-3 


2.4 


Nov. 22... 


— 4.9 


- 5.8 


- 5.8 


— CO 


— 6.7 


— 7.5 


— 8.0 


— 8.2 


— 9.3 


—12.3 


—13.0 


—15.7 


—15.3 


—15.5 


Nov. 23 . . . 


—19.8 


—19. 


—19.7 


—20.2 


—21.3 


—23.1 


-23.9 


—22.6 


—21.5 


—21.5 


—19.7 


—17.3 


—15.4 


—15.4 


Nov. 24 ... 


—12.1 


—11.7 


—13.0 


—11.9 


—11.2 


—11.4 


—11.1 


—11.0 


—11. 1 


—10.6 


—10.5 


— 9.7 


— 9.9 


—12.2 


Nov. 25 ... 


—10.5 


— 9.7 


— 9.0 


- 7.7 


— 6.1 


— 3.7 


— 3.6 


— 5.0 


— 3.2 


— 2.0 


-1.8 


-1.9 


— 0.7 


— 0.6 


Nov. 26 . . . 


5.4 


5.3 


5.1 


2.5 


3.0 


3.4 


3.5 


2.1 


1.2 


0.9 


0.4 


0.6 


0.3 


0.0 


Nov. 27 ... 


4.6 


5.0 


5.5 


5.7 


5.1 


5.6 


5.0 


4.9 


5.3 


6.4 


7.2 


8.8 


9.8 


10.0 


Nov. 28 ... 


22.9 


21.9 


19.8 


15.6 


14.1 


12.3 


11.6 


11.6 


9.8 


9.6 


8.5 


8.2 


9.7 


12.0 


Nov. 29 . . . 


19,0 


19.4 


19. C 


19.4 


20.0 


20.7 


23.5 


23.5 


23.5 


22.9 


21.5 


15.4 


11.8 


8.0 


Nov. 30 ... 


3.3 


2.2 


0.4 


— 1.2 


— 3.2 


— 4.2 


— 5.6 


— 5.4 


— 5.6 


— 6.3 


— 6.1 


— 6.0 


— 5.0 


— 3.1 


Means .. 


1.15 


1.67 


0.60 


0.15 


— 0.04 


-- 0.05 


— 0.12 


— 0.70 


— 0.92 


— 1.55 


— 2.03 


— 1.84 


— 1.80 


— 1.50 



Date. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Mas. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1881. 






























Nov. 1 ... 


12.0 


12.1 


11.8 


11.0 


10.8 


11.4 


11.5 


11.3 


11.8 


12.6 


12.09 


16.1 


8.9 


7.2 


Nov. 2 ... 


13.9 


13.9 


14.5 


14.5 


14.5 


13.4 


13.5 


13.3 


12.7 


13.1 


12.16. 


13.2 


9.5 


3.7 


Nov. 3 ... 


7.4 


7.9 


8.2 


8.6 


8.5 


8.4 


8.2 


8.0 


7.0 


6.2 


8.80 


12.8 


4.4 


8.4 


Nov. 4 ... 


8.2 


9.2 


8.6 


7.0 


6.8 


6.3 


4.4 


2.8 


0.4 


— 1.9 


5.18 


8.0 


— 1.4 


9.4 


Nov. 5 . . . 


1.6 


1.3 


— 1.9 


— 2.9 


— 3.0 


— 3.2 


— 3.7 


— 4.1 


-3.2 


— 2.2 


0.07 


4.0 


— 6.0 


10.6 


Nov. 6 . . . 


— 6.0 


— 7.5 


— 7.0 


— 6.2 


— 5.8 


— 4.2 


— 4.4 


— 4.4 


— 4.6 


— 0.9 


— 0.51 


— 3.0 


—12.3 


9.3 


Nov. 7 ... 


— 9.8 


— 8.9 


— 8.2 


— 7.0 


— 7.4 


— 0.7 


— 5.3 


— 5.4 


— 5.1 


— 4.9 


— 0. 61 


— 2.8 


—14.1 


11.3 


Nov. 8... 


— 5.1 


— 5.6 


— 7.5 


— 4.9 


— 5.4 


— 4.4 


— 4.9 


— 3.8 


- 3.5 


— 3.5 


— 4.05 


— 5.5 


— 7.6 


2.1 


Nov. 9 ... 


— 0.3 


— 0.1 


0.3 


0.0 


0.4 


0.9 


1.3 


0.3 


— 1.4 


0.4 


— 0.82 


— 0.3 


— 7.3 


7.0 


Nov. 10 . . . 


— 1.4 


— 1.8 


— 2.1 


— 2.8 


— 3.6 


— 4.0 


— 4.0 


— 3.4 


— 3.0 


— 4.0 


— 3.14 


— 1.0 


— 7.5 


0.5 


Nov. 11 ... 


—10.1 


—11.4 


—11.5 


—15.2 


—13.8 


—13.8 


—13.9 


—14.0 


—14.0 


—14.7 


— 9.04 


— 4.5 


-18.6 


14.1 


Nov. 12... 


—14.5 


—15.8 


—15.8 


—15. 


—16.2 


—17.8 


,-18.2 


—18.1 


—18.1 


—19.1 


—10. 30 


—17.0 


—23.5 


0.5 


Nov. 13 . . . 


—17.9 


—17.7 


—15.2 


—10.2 


—15.8 


—16.4 


—17.5 


—17.4 


—17. 2 


—10.0 


—18. 90 


—18.5 


—26.2 


7.7 


Nov. 14 . . . 


— 2.8 


— 0.6 


2.5 


0.7 


8.7 


11.0 


12.4 


13.5 


16.2 


16.8 


— 0.95 


15.4 


—21. 


36.4 


Nov. 15 . . . 


28.9 


27.7 


25.6 


23.0 


26.5 


26.4 


26.3 


25.4 


27.3 


*30.9 


24.82 


29.0 


14.4 


14.6 


Nov. 16 . . . 


0.5 


0.9 


0.7 


— 0.2 


— 0.6 


— 1.2 


— 2.5 


— 5.8 


—11.2 


—11.9 


6.00 


30.4 


—14.4 


44.8 


Nov. 17 . . . 


—14.2 


-14.3 


—15.0 


—14.0 


—11.1 


— 8.6 


— 7.1 


— 0.5 


— 6.0 


— 5.1 


—12. 82 


— 0.0 


—21.0 


15.6 


Nov. 18 ... 


— 4.2 


— 4.0 


— 3.5 


— 2.3 


— 2.1 


— 2.1 


— 2.1 


— 2.3 


— 1.3 


— 1.2 


— 4.13 


— 3.0 


— 9.1 


6.1 


Nov. 19 ... 


8.3 


9.8 


7.4 


6.5 


7.5 


8.7 


6.2 


3.9 


3.9 


7.0 


3.64 


9.0 


— 3.0 


12.6 


Nov. 20 . . . 


21.2 


20.7 


23.5 


28.5 


20.7 


12.0 


15.4 


12.7 


12.5 


10.8 


9.47 


28.0 


— 2.1 


30.1 


Nov. 21 . . . 


2.1 


0.4 


0.3 


0.2 


0.9 


0.4 


0.2 


— 0.4 


2. 2 


— 1.7 


1.93 


9.8 


- 4.1 


13.9 


Nov. 22 . . . 


—15.1 


—16.5 


—17.0 


—17. 


—17.3 


—18.4 


—16.4 


—18.2 


—18.7 


—19.7 


—12. 85 


— 0.2 


—22.0 


16.4 


Nov. 23 . . . 


—15.2 


—15.6 


—10.1 


—16.0 


—13.8 


—14.9 


—14.8 


—14.7 


—13.0 


—12.1 


—17. 80 


—17.0 


—28.0 


11.0 


Nov. 24 . . . 


—11.1 


—11.2 


—11.1 


—10.5 


— 9.7 


— 9.3 


— 8.4 


— 8.4 


— 9.3 


— 8.8 


—10. 65 


—11.0 


—19.2 


8.2 


Nov. 25 . . . 


1.4 


0.7 


5.2 


4.9 


5.1 


5.2 


4.4 


4.7 


6.5 


5.4 


— 0. 82 


6.0 


—13.6 


19.6 


Nov. 26... 


0.0 


1.4 


2.0 


2.9 


2.3 


3.2 


3.0 


3.2 


4.9 


4.7 


2.55 


5.0 


— 1.7 


0.7 


Nov. 27 . . . 


10.8 


13.3 


14.5 


14.7 


14.0 


16.3 


17.8 


18.6 


20.7 


24.1 


10.57 


21.0 


2. 3 


18.7 


Nov. 28 . . . 


13.6 


15.8 


16.6 


15.0 


15.6 


15.4 


21.5 


21.7 


22.9 


18.6 


15.20 


24.0 


ols 


17.2 


Nov. 29 ... 


6.5 


5.2 


6.0 


6.8 


6.9 


6.1 


5.8 


5.7 


6.0 


3.6 


13.62 


23.5 


4.3 


19.2 


Nov. 30 ... 


— 0.6 


— 0.7 


1.6 


2.0 


1.8 


2.5 


2.3 


1.4 


— 1.4 


— 2.4 


— 1.04 


4.S 


— 8.0 


13.4 


Means . . 


0.27 


0.29 


0.58 


0.74 


0.85 


0.75 


1.03 


0.63 


0.63 


0.60 


— 0.05 


5.47 


-,14 


13.01 



' Standard read higher than maximum. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



229 



TahJe showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881 , to August, 1SS3 — Continued. 

{Height of tJUo thermometer above the surfaco of the earth, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 



1881. 
Dec. 1.. 

Dee 2 . 
Dec. :: . 
Dec. 4 . 
Dec. 5.. 
Dec. 0.. 

Dec. V.. 
Dec. 8.. 
Dec. 0.. 
Dec. 10.. 
Dec. 11... 

Dec. 12.. 
Dec. 13.. 
Dee. 14.. 
Dec. 15... 
Dee. 10... 

Dec. 17... 
Dec. 18... 
Dec. 19... 
Dec. 20... 
Dec. 21... 

Dec. 22... 
Dee. 23... 
Dec. 24... 
Dec. 25... 
Dec. 26... 

Dee. 27... 
Dec. 28... 
Dec. 29... 
Dec. 30... 
Dec. 31... 

Means . 



! 1 a. in. 


— 0.2 


9.1 


0.0 


—14. 5 


— 8.0 


-15.8 


— 7.9 


— 8.1 


—16.2 


1.0 


— 9. G 


— 2.4 


—15.1 


—19.0 


—21.4 


—22. 5 


-18.4 


—30. 3 


—42.5 


-46.1 


-37.7 


—31.7 


—29.2 


—20.0 


—28.3 


—22.0 


—18.6 


—19.3 


—31.7 


—21.9 


1.2 


—18. 04 



2 a.m. 



-8.3 

10.0 

1.1 
-15.5 
-7.3 
-15.5 

-8.1 

-7.9 

-17.9 

2.3 

- 0.4 

- 1.3 
-15.2 
-18.4 
-21.6 
-21.9 

-18.9 
-37.1 
-43. 5 
-45.0 
-35.0 

-31.1 
-29.1 
-20. 
-27.6 
-21.4 

-19.4 
-20.4 
-27.4 
-20.0 
2.3 



—17. 02 



3 a. w. 



— 8.5 

9.1 
1.2 

—15.2 

— 6.9 
—16.4 

— 5. 3 

— 7.1 
—18.3 

2.5 

— 7.0 

— 2.4 
—15.1 
—18.2 
—22.6 
—21.7 

—19.3 
—37.3 
—43.8 
—45. 
—32.0 

-31.9 
—29.0 
—20. 
—27.8 
—21.4 

-19. 5 
—21.4 
—28.3 
-18.4 
2.3 



—17. 01 



i a.m. 



-8.7 

7.8 

0.4 

-14.3 

-6.9 

-16.8 

-5.4 

-8.8 

-20. 3 

3.2 

- 7.9 

- 0.5 
-15.8 
-16.0 
-22.5 
-21.5 

-19.2 
-38. 9 
-43.9 
-44.1 
-32.1 

-31.5 
-29. 9 
-20.6 
-27.6 
-21.0 

-19.5 
-21. 9 
-27.0 
-18.0 
0.9 



-17. 90 



5 a. m. 



-8.0 

7.0 
- 0.0 
-14.5 
-7.0 
-16.6 

-6.4 
-10. 5 
-21.4 
3.2 
-8.5 



-14.7 
-16.2 
-22. 7 
-19.2 

-19.5 
-39. 
-44.2 
-43.5 
-32. 6 

-30.9 
-31.7 
-21.0 
-27.1 
-20.5 

-18.9 
-20. 3 
-27.0 
-10.6 
-0.3 



-17. 91 



6 a. m. 



5.1 

-0.7 
-14. 9 
-7.1 
-16.4 

-8.6 
-9.5 
-22.2 
4.4 
-9.0 

-10.1 
-13.8 
-15.8 
-22.0 
-19.4 

-19.9 
-40. 9 
-46. 3 
-37. 7 
-32.4 

-31.7 
-31.8 
-21.0 
-27.0 
-21.0 

-19.2 

-22.9 
-27 3 
-16. 2 
-1.6 



-18. 18 



4.0 
-1.2 
-15.6 
-7.5 
-14.9 

-9.7 

- 9.4 
-22.6 

6.0 
-10.6 

-11.0 
-13.3 
-15.6 
-21.4 
-19.9 

-19.4 
-40.9 
-47.1 
-35.5 
-32. 5 

-31.2 

-29.9 
-21. 2 
-25. '■> 
-21. 6 

-17.3 
-23. 3 
-20.7 
-15.1 

- :;. 4 



—17. 93 



8 a. in. 



— 3.7 

0.4 

— 2.5 
—16.8 

— 7.2 
—14.7 

—10.3 

— 9.0 
-23.6 

4.9 
—11.8 

-12. 3 
—15.3 
—14.9 
—21.2 
—19.4 

—20.7 
—42. 3 
—48.8 
—38. 
—32. 4 

-39. 9 
—28.3 
—22. 5 
—20. 6 
—21.6 

—16.8 
—23.5 
—25.6 
—15.2 

— 2.5 

-18.S0 



9 a. m . 



-2.3 

- 0.1. 

- 2. 5 
-17.5 
-7.7 
-14.1 

-9.9 
-10.7 
-24.8 
3.0 
-11.7 

-14. 2 
-17.4 
-14.9 
-21.2 
-19.6 

-23.1 
-42. 5 
-48.8 
-36.5 
-33. 

-31. 5 

-24] 4 
-27.1 

-21. 2 

-15.3 
-22. 9 
-24.2 
-13.2 

- 0.G 



—18. 02 



JO a.m. 



-3.0 

-0.9 
-3.4 
-16.4 
-7.6 
-12.6 

-8.1 
-11.8 
-25.7 
0.9 
-11.6 

-14.2 
-16.3 
-14. 7 
-22.0 
-18.9 

-24.1 
-41.8 
-48.9 
-33. 2 
-32.8 

-32. 6 
-25.7 
-25.4 
-27.1 
-20.9 

-13.3 

-23.4 

-23.7 

-12.2 

0.5 



-18. 42 



11a.m. 



0.4 

- 1.5 

- 4.4 
-10.1 
-8.0 
-11.3 

- 8.G 
-12.1 
-26.9 

0.4 
-12.3 

-14.9 
-10.8 
-15.1 
-23. 1 
-17. (i 



-41.4 
-49.9 
-32. 
-33.8 

-32.7 
-26.4 
-20.9 
-28.0 
-20.2 

-12.3 
-23. 2 
-24.0 
-10.4 
2.3 



-18. 41 



12 m. 



— 1.5 

— 5.1 

—15.5 

— 8.4 
—11.0 

— 8.0 
—13.2 
-27.1 

0.2 
—11.9 

—15. 
—10. 9 
—15.3 
—23. 4 
—17.0 

24. 2 

—42! 4 

-50.1 

—35. 5 
—33.4 

—32. 
—24.7 
—28.0 
—27.6 
-18.9 

—13.2 
—23.1 
—22.5 

— 9.9 
4.2 



-18. 33 







1 p.m. 



1.9 

- 1.4 
-7.1 
-14. 5 
-11.2 
-10. 4 



-13.2 

-24.9 

0.0 

-11. 3 

-15. 
-16.3 
-15.4 
-25. 3 
-10.6 

-25.1 
-42.3 
-50.1 
-36. 5 
-31. 9 

-31. 8 
-24.7 
-28.8 
-25.7 
-18.3 

-14.7 
-24. 
-19.9 
-8.8 
-5.3 



2 p. m. 



—18. 28 



— 0.7 

— 1.3 

— 6.7 
—13.8 

— 9.3 

— 9.6 

— 7.7 
—13.9 
22. 1 

"o!2 
—11.1 

—14.0 
—10.4 
—14.9 
—25. 5 
—10.8 

—27.1 
—41.8 
—50.0 
—38.3 
—34.4 

—31.7 
—24.4 
—29. 8 
—24. 2 
-17.4 

—14.9 
—25.9 
—18.2 

— 7.2 

— 5.0 



-18. 19 



230 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAR-BOW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglactmic from October, 1881, to August, 1880 — Continued. 



[TIei«;li l. of the thermometer above the surface »f the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — Shoura 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


<j a. m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a. m. 


!) a. in. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 M. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


1682. 
Jan. 1.... 


5.2 


5.0 


4.7 


4.2 


— 2.3 


— 1.2 


— 0. 5 


— 2.3 


— 0.9 


_ _ 


— 6.2 


— 7. 7 


— 9.7 


—10.6 


Jan. 2 


—15.0 


—10 


—18. 3 


—19.4 


—19.4 


—18.2 


—17.8 


—18.2 


—19.0 


—lo! 6 


—20.1 


—19.7 


—20.5 


—21.2 


Jan. 3.... 


—18.0 


—18. 2 


—17.7 


— 17 7 


—17.5 


—17.1 


— 16. G 


—16.2 


—16. 2 


-16.7 


—17.3 


—17.0 


—17.4 


—17. 9 


Jan. 4 


—19.0 


—20.1 


21. 2 


—22. 2 


—22. 1 


—23.1 


—23.6 


—24. 5 


—25.9 


—20.1 


— 26. 1 


—27. 


—27. 5 


—26.1 


Jan. 5 


—27.1 


—28. 


— CO. 7 


—20 8 


-29. 1 


—29.1 


—28.0 


—29.0 


—29.1 


—29.9 


—20.7 


—29.1 


—28.0 


—27.8 


Jan. G ... 


—26.1 


—20.1 


—25.9 


—26.7 


—27.1 


—28.8 


—28.2 


— 2S. 7 


—28.9 


—29.1 


—29.1 


—29. 5 


—29.1 


—29.0 


Jan. 7 


^24.8 


—24. 2 


—25.7 


—25.5 


-25.3 


—25.7 


—25. 9 


—26.2 


—27.1 


27. 2 


—27.3 


—27.3 


—27.4 


—27.6 


Jan. 8.... 


—25.2 


—25. 2 


—25. 9 


—26. 9 


-27.3 


—27 G 


—28.4 


—29.4 


—29.1 


—30^9 


—31.9 


—30.9 


—30.7 


—29.7 


Jan. 9.... 


—20. 2 


—'JO. 


—26.7 


—25. 5 


— 2G.9 


—27. 4 


—27.0 


—27.8 


—28.8 


—28.2 


—30.3 


—29.7 


—30.3 


—29.1 


Jan. 10.... 


—27.0 


—27.8 


—27.8 


—28.0 


—28.3 


—29.0 


—28.8 


—29.0 


—28.6 


—29. 


—28.1 


—28.3 


—27.8 


—27.6 


Jan. 11..-. 


—21.2 


—21.4 


—21.4 


—21. 6 


22. 1 


— 22. G 


—22.3 


—22.1 


oo o 


—22.6 


22. 3 


—22.5 


—20.3 


—17. 5 


Jan. 12.... 


— 3.2 


— 2.4 


— 1.4 


— 0.7 


"o'.i 


1.2 


3.9 


4.0 


~Zi 


6.4 


7.5 


. 10.3 


9.3 


6.3 


Jan. 13.... 


— 4.2 


— 4.2 


— 5.5 


— 6.3 


— 7.7 


— 8.4 


—10.6 


—11.2 


—12.8 


—14.6 


—14.5 


—13.5 


—12.1 


—11.4 


Jan. 14.... 


—12.0 


—13. 


— 13. G 


—13.8 


—14.0 


-15.1 


—15.2 


—15.6 


—16.7 


—17.7 


— 18. 5 


—17.8 


—18.0 


—19.5 


Jan. 15 


—18.4 


—17.7 


—18.7 


—18.8 


—19.4 


—21.1 


—21.5 


-22.4 


—22.9 


—23. 1 


22. 4 


22. 1 


—21.2 


—21.9 


Jan. 10... . 


oj o 


21, 2 


-21.5 


—22.1 


—21.5 


—21.0 


—21.0 


—20.5 


—20.1 


—19.9 


—19.4 


—19.4 


—17.7 


—13.7 


Jan. 17.... 


— 1KG 


— 1L4 


—11.5 


—12.3 


—12.0 


— 12. G 


—11.7 


-10.0 


—12.6 


-12. 1 


— 9.8 


— 0.2 


— 5.5 


— 0.3 


Jan. 18.... 


— 6.2 


- 0.4 


— 7.1 


— 7.5 


— 8.2 


— 8.8 


— 9.3 


— 9.3 


— 9.1 


-8.8 


— 8.8 


— 8.8 


— 9.1 


— 9.1 


Jan. 19.... 


— 5.5 


— 5.7 


— 4.9 


— 4.6 


— 4.G 


— 4.6 


— 4.5 


— 4.8 


— 4.4 


— 4.4 


— 4.5 


— 4.4 


— 4.3 


— 4.0 


Jan. 20.... 


0.2 


0.2 


0.0 


— 0.5 


— 0.9 


— 1.0 


— 1.7 


— 1.6 


— 1.9 


— 1.9 


— 2.0 


— 1.9 


— 2.0 


— 2.0 


Jan. 21.... 


0.9 


1.3 


1.9 


2.1 


2.1 


2.3 


2.5 


2.3 


2 7 


3.2 


3.4 


1.0 


G.4 


5.9 


Jan. 22 ... 


20.2 


20.3 


20.1 


20.1 


19.8 


19.4 


19.1 


19.2 


19.1 


18.8 


18.5 


19.0 


18.2 


18.5 


Jan. 23... 


1.0 


1.2 


0.6 


0.1 


— 0.7 


— 2.1 


■— 2.4 


— 2.9 


— 4.6 


— 6.7 


— 7.9 


— 9.1 


— 9.8 


— 9.7 


Jan. 24.... 


— S.4. 


— S.9 


—10.0 


—10.9 


—11.4 


—12.1 


—12.8 


—14.1 


—13.9 


—13.8 


—14.5 


—14.0 


—14.0 


—13.6 


Jan. 23 


— 9.7 


- 8.7 


— 7.5 


— 8.6 


— 9.5 


— 8.9 


— 8.9 


— 8.G 


— 8.2 


— 8.4 


— 8.6 


— 8.3 


— 7.1 


— 6.7 


Jan.2G ... 


4.4 


4.4 


4.0 


3.4 


3.4 


0.1 


— 0.8 


— 3.4 


— 7.2 


— 8.8 


— 9.8 


—11.4 


—11.4 


— 11. 9 


Jan. 27.... 


—14.1 


—14.7 


-14.7 


—15.0 


—10.1 


—10. 1 


—16.1 


— 16. 8 


—17.3 


—17.8 


—18. 2 


—18.2 


—19.4 


—19.5 


Jan. 28.... 


—21.2 


—21.2 


21.2 


21. 2 


21. 2 


—21.4 


—21.5 


—21.4 


—20.5 


-20.8 


—21.2 


—20.4 


—19.0 


—20.1 


Jan. 20.... 


—29.9 


—31.1 


— 3L7 


-31.7 


— 3l'. 7 


—31.7 


—31.9 


—31.9 


—32.0 


—32.6 


—32. 9 


-33.4 


-.32.9 


—33.1 


Jan. 30 


—31.9 


—32.8 


—33.1 


—33.0 


—34.4 


—34.8 


—34.4 


—34.8 


-35.7 


—35.7 


—36.3 


—37.3 


—37.0 


— 37. 5 


Jan. 31.... 


—37.5 


—37.5 


—37.9 


—35.3 


—34.8 


—33.8 


—33.1 


—32.4 


—32.0 


—31.5 


—31.3 


—30.9 


-31.1 


—32.8 


Moans .. 


— 14.01 


—14. 13 


—14.17 


—14. 74 


—15. 17 


—15. 52 


—15. 47 


—15.81 


—10. 3S 


—10. 68 


—16.70 


—10. G3 


— 1G. 37 


—16. 49 


Date. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


S p. m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 

Moans. 


Max. 


Min. 


Ditf. 


1882. 






























Jan. 1.... 


—11.0 


— 9.9 


—10.8 


— 9.7 


—11.2 


—13.0 


—12.6 


—13.6 


—10.1 


—16.1 


— 6.04 


*5.6 


—17.1 


22.7 


Jan. 2.... 


—20.7 


—20.5 


—19.4 


—20.5 


—19.2 


—21.0 


—21.2 


—21.2 


—19.4 


—19.1 


—19. 40 


—15.6 


—25.1 


9.5 


Jan. 3 


—17.1 


—17.9 


—19.6 


—21.0 


—21. 4 


—21.0 


—20.9 


—21.5 


22. 1 


—19.7 


—18. 54 


—16.2 


—25.3 


9.1 


Jan. 4 


—20.4 


—25.7 


23.2 


—24. 9 


—24.9 


—25.4 


-24.9 


—24.7 


— 2g!v 


—26. 2 


—21. 63 


—19.0 


—30.1 


11.1 


Jan. 5 


—25. 


—24.0 


—24.2 


—23.8 


-23.6 


—24.0 


-24.0 


—25.1 


— 24. 3 


—26.1 


—27. 03 


—23.6 


—36.4 


12.8 


Jan. 6.... 


—23.0 


—28.0 


—27.0 


—27.8 


—27.9 


—27.6 


—27.5 


—27.3 


— 25.2 


—24.4 


—27. 03 


—24.4 


—33.9 


9.5 


Jan. 7 


—27.4 


—27.5 


—27.0 


—27.0 


27.2 


—27.1 


—27. 2 


—26.1 


—25.4 


—25.2 


—20 48 


—24.2 


—32.3 


8.1 


Jan. 8.... 


—29. 7 


—29.0 


—29.5 


—28.8 


—29. 


—30.2 


—29.9 


—29.7 


—27.1 


—25. 5 


—28. 65 


—25.2 


—33.1 


7.9 


Jan. 9 


—27.0 


—27. 8 


—28.1 


—27 8 


—28.6 


—28.4 


—28.1 


—27.8 


—27.8 


—27.8 


—27. 93 


—25 5 


—32.4 


6.9 


Jan. 10 ... . 


—25.1 


—24.2 


—24.5 


—23.3 


—22.9 


—23. 


o > o 


22. 4 


—22.1 


—21.6 


— 2G. 12 


—21.6 


—33.2 


11.6 


Jan 11... 


—14.7 


—13. 3 


—12.8 


—11.0 


— 8.9 


— 8.2 


— G.5 


— 4. G 


— 4.6 


— 4.2 


—10.29 


— 4.2 


—20.7 


22! 5 


Jan. 12 ... 


7.0 


8.7 


11.3 


15.1 


15.2 


10.9 


6.0 


7.2 


0.0 


— 3.2 


5.19 


15.2 


— 5.0 


20.8 


Jan. 13 


—11.0 


—10.8 


— 10.5 


—10.2 


— 9.4 


— 9.3 


— 9.8 


—10.8 


—11.6 


—12.1 


—10.10 


— 4.2 


—16.3 


12.1 


Jan. 14.... 


—18.4 


—18. 9 


—18.9 


—19.1 


—19.8 


—19.8 


—20. 3 


^-=20.1 


—19.8 


—20 1 


—17. 37 


—12.0 


24. 2 


11.6 


Jan. 13 


—21.7 


—21.3 


—21.5 


—21.3 


—21.3 


—21.5 


—21.3 


—21.1 


-21.4 


—21.2 


—21. 05 


—17.7 


— 2s!o 


10.9 


Jan. 10.... 


—17.7 


—17.7 


—17.7 


—17.4 


—16.4 


—14.5 


—13. 8 


—13.6 


—13.6 


—13.6 


—18. 38 


—13.6 


—20.9 


13.3 


Jan. 17... 


— 3.1 


— 3.8 


— 1.6 


— 4.0 


— 4.5 


— 2.8 


— 2.9 


— 4.3 


— 4.6 


— 6. 5 


— 7.70 


— 1.0 


—15.9 


14.3 


Jan 18 ... 


— 9.1 


— 8.2 


— 7.1 


— 7.3 


— 6.6 


— 6.3 


— 0.0 


— 5.0 


— 5.8 


— 5.8 


— 7.08 


— 5. 6 


—12.0 


7.0 


Jan. 19.... 


— 3.3 


- 3.1 


— 2.3 


— 2.4 


— 2.3 


— 1.7 


— 1.1 


— 0.0 


— 0.8 


— 0.5 


— 3.47 


— 0.5 


— 8.0 


7.5 


Jan. 20... 


— 0.8 


— 0.3 


0.1 


0.2 


0.3 


— 0.2 


0.8 


1.1 


1.1 


0.1 


— 0.05 


1.1 


— 4.1 


5. 2 


Jan. 21 ... 


10.8 


12.7 


14.1 


15.4 


16.2 


16.4 


10.8 


17.0 


17.6 


18.4 


8.11 


18.4 


- 0.9 


19.3 


Jan. 22.... 


17.1 


12.8 


10.1 


8.2 


7.5 


5.6 


5.1 


4.4 


3.7 


2.9 


14.49 


20.3 


1.2 


19.1 


Jan. 23.... 


— 8.0 


— 7.0 


— 6.8 


— 6.0 


— 5.8 


— 5.7 


— 5. 


— 6.3 


— 6.9 


-7.4 


— 4. 93 


1.9 


— 7.1 


9.0 


Jan. 21.... 


—12.9 


—12.8 


—12.8 


—12.1 


—12.0 


—12.0 


—11.0 


—10.2 


— 9.5 


— 9.5 


—11.97 


— 8.4 


—16.4 


8.0 


Jan. 25 .. 


— 4.7 


— 3.8 


— 2.4 


— 1.4 


— 0.3 


1.4 


2.3 


3.0 


3.2 


— 3.7 


— 4.86 


3.7 


—13.3 


17.0 


Jan. 26.... 


—12.3 


—13.1 


—13.0 


-12.0 


—12.7 


—13.2 


—13.2 


—12.0 


—14.0 


—14.2 


— 7. 23 


4.4 


—17.7 


22. 1 


Jan. 27.... 


—20.3 


—21.0 


—21.1 


—20.8 


—17.3 


—18.8 


—19. 


—20.2 


—20.7 


—21.4 


—18. 13 


—14.1 


—24.3 


lo! 2 


Jan. 28 


—19.7 


—23. 1 


—24.9 


-20.1 


-20. 7 


—21.7 


—27. 


—25. 9 


—28. 3 


—20.0 


—22. 90 


—19. 6 


—37.3 


17.7 


Jan. 29 ... 


—33.2 


—33.2 


—32.7 


—33.2 


—31.9 


—32.4 


—33.0 


—33. 2 


—33.1 


—32. 4 


—32. 39 


—29.9 


—39.6 


9. 7 


Jan. 30.... 


—38.5 


—39.1 


— 39.2 


—38.1 


—38.3 


—38.2 


—37.7 


—38. 2 


—39.2 


-39.2 


—3H. 38 


-31.9 


—15.6 


13.7 


Jan. 31 


—32.4 


—31. 8 


—32.0 


-31.7 


—31.7 


—32.1 


-33.2 


—33.6 


—34.6 


—34.7 


—33. 32 


—30.9 


—44.3 


13.4 


Means . . 


—15. CO 


—15. 01 


-15. 47 


—15. 03 


—14. 80 


— 15. 09 


—15. 10 


—15. 05 


—15.45 


—15.56 


— 15.43 


—10.31 


—23. 00 


12.69 



' JJishest reading of standard for maximum of day from January 1 , 1882, to July 1, 1882. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



231 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October. 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued, 

[Iloigut of the thermometer above llie surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes. I 



'.) a. in. 



-32.5 -31.0 

—30. 1 ; —30. 5 

— -2-2. 1 —22. 1 

—21.0 —21.2 




lOll.Tll. 


11 a. in. 


12 in, 


1 p. in. j 


— 32. S 


—32. 


—32. 1 


-32.8 


—lid. 5 


-30. 3 


—34. K 


—33. 7 


o > ■> 


—22. 1 


—21.9 


—21.7 


—21. :) 


—22. 1 


—22. 9 


—22.5 


29, r, 


—29.0 


-28. 


—27.0 


n ", 


— 3.4 


— 4.2 


— 3.2 


—11.7 


—11.0 


—12.1 


—12.3 


—10. 2 


-11.0 


—10. 


—10.1 


—11.5 


-12. 3 


—13.2 


-14.1 


—10.4 


—10.0 


—10. 1 


-9.0 


—27.:; 


-27.0 


—27. 2 


—20. 5 


-32. l 


—32.1 


—33. 2 


—32. G 


—28. 8 


-29.9 


—28.8 


—29. 9 


—24.0 


—23.8 


—23.8 


—22. 1 


—10.0 


—14.9 


-14.2 


—14.1 


—12. 1 


—11.0 


-10.7 


— 9.8 


— 7.7 


— 8.0 


— 8.1 


— 8.8 


— 12. 1 


—13. 1 


—13.2 


—12.3 


—10.0 


—10.4 


—11.1 


—12. 1 


—13. 3 


—14.0 


—14, 7 


—14.9 


—33. 4 


—34.1 


—33.4 


—33. 1 


—39.4 


— 40. G 


—40. 3 


—40.9 


—40.4 


—40.0 


-40. 8 


—40. 2 


—41.3 


—44.3 


—43.0 


-42.3 


—43.1 


—49.1 


-48.9 


-48.9 | 


—37. 5 


-30. 7 


—37.1 


—37. 3 1 


-24.9 


—20. 5 


—29.0 


—31.5 1 


—19.8 


—18.9 


— 1G.4 


—14. 


—2::. 08 


-23.S1 


—23. 71 


—23.51 j 
I 



—32. :. 
—32. >.) 
—21.9 
—23. 7 

—20. 1 

— 2. C 
—11. 9 
—1 0. 2 
—14. 9 

— 9.5 
—20.7 
— 31. G 
—29.5 
—21.5 

-14.1 

— 9.7 

— 9.5 
—12.3 
—14.1 

—15.0 

—33. 8 
—40.7 
—40.2 
—42.3 

—47.1 
—37.5 
—32. G 
—13.3 

—23. 4D 



Date. 


o p. m. 


4 p.m. 

1 


18.-2. 




! 


Feb. 1..-. 


-32.8 


—33.4 


Feb. 3 ... 


—32.4 


—32.8 


Fob. 3.... 


-21.9 


—21.4 


Fob. 4... 


-24.9 


—25. 1 


Feb. 5 ... 


24. 2 


—21.7 


Feb. ... 


— 2.S 


— 3.G 


Feb. 7 ... 


—11.7 


—12. 1 


Feb. 8.... 


— 9 8 


— 9.0 


Feb. 9 ... 


—10. 2 


—15. 3 


Feb. 10... 


—12.1 


— 13.2 


Fcb.ll.... 


— 2G.9 


—27. 2 ! 


Feu. 12.... 


—32.1 


—32. 1 ! 


Fob. 13.... 


—29.8 


— 29. 2 I 


Feb. 14.... 


—21.4 


—21. 4 ! 


Fob. 15.... 


—14.1 


—13. G ! 


Feb. 10 ... 


— 8.0 


-7.2 1 


Feb. 17.... 


—10. 2 


-12. 1 


Feb. 18.... 


— 11. S 


-11.4 1 


Feh.lt).... 


— 1G.1 


—14.1 ! 


Feb. 20.... 


—19.4 


—22. 9 1 


Fob. 21.... 


—34.8 


—34.0 1 


Fell. 22... 


-40.9 


-40.7 


Feb. 23.... 


—40.0 


—39. 2 


Feb. 2 ! . . . . 


—42. G 


—42. 5 


Fob. 2."..... 


—43. 5 


—40.8 


Feb. 20.... 


—37.5 


—30. 3 


Fob. 27.... 


— 32. G 


— 32. G 


Feb. 28 ... 


—11.5 


— 10. G 


If cans.. 


—23. 04 


—23. 41 

1 



p.m. 



-33.4 ] — 33. G 

-32. G ' —32.4 

-21. 2 j —21. 

-25. 9 ! —20. 1 



—17.5 

— 4.2 
—11.5 

— 9.4 
—15.8 

—14.7 
—27. 8 
—32.0 
—28.8 
21. 2 

—13.4 

— 0.9 
—12. 3 
—11.2 
—13.6 

—23. 1 
—33.8 
—39. 9 
—37. 7 
—41.4 

—39. G . 

—35. 7 
—32. G 
—10.4 

—23. 13 



—10. 1 

— 5.1 
—11.5 

— 7.9 
—10.1 

—10.4 

—28.0 
—32. 
—28.0 
—21.0 

—13. 7 

— 7.1 

—12.4 
-10.8 
—13.3 

—23. 2 
—33. 4 
—39. 5 
—36.9 
—10. 9 

—39.2 
—35. 3 
-32. G 



-22.94 ; — ! 



7 p. m. 


Sp. m. 


—34.8 


-35. 4 


—32.1 


—32. 


— 20. G 


—20. 7 


-27.2 


—28.1 


—15.2 


—14. 


— 6.1 


— G.8 


—12.7 


—12.7 


— 6.7 


— 6.0 


—15.8 


—15. 1 


—19.4 


—19. 4 


—27. 8 


—27.9 j 


—31.7 


—31.6 | 


—27.7 


—27. 1 1 


— 20. G 


—20. 3 ! 


— 13. G 


—13. 4 


-7.2 


— 7.1 


—12. 4 


—12.3 


— 10. G 


—10.3 


—13.0 


—13.0 


—23.1 


—23.2 


—33. 1 


—33. 


—39. G 


—39.3 


—37.3 


—33. 3 


— 40. G 


—40.2 | 


—37.8 


—37. ! 


—34.1 


—32. 8 


—32.6 


—31.9 


-8.1 


-0.9 


—22. 91 


—22.71 j 



9 p.m. : 10 p. in. 11 p.m. 12 p. m. 



Daily 



-35.3 
-32.1 
-20.7 
-29. 2 

-12.1 

— G.9 

-13.1 

- 6.0 
-14.8 

-19.8 
-28.4 
-32. G 
-2G. 1 
-20. G 

-13.3 

- 7.3 
-12.5 
-9.9 
-13.2 



35. I —32. 8 



—31. 9 
-20. 3 
—29.7 

— 9.G 

— G.9 
—13.0 

— 6.1 
—14.0 

—19. 9 

—28. 5 

! -32. 4 

I —25. 9 

I —20. 3 

| —13.5 

! —13.2 
1 — 9.5 
i -12.0 



—30.3 
—18. 5 
-27. 8 

— 7.1 

— 6.7 
—12.7 

— 5.4 
-12.2 

—19.9 
— 28. G 
—31. 5 
—25.5 
—20. 5 

— 13. G 

— 8.0 
— 13. G 

— 8.0 
—14.0 

04 2 

—34. 4 

— 38. G 
—39.7 
—14. 2 



-3G. —34. 8 —33. 1 

-32.8 I —32.6 1 —31.9 

-31.7 -31.7 —30.0 

- G. 4 — 5. 9 — 6. 9 



■24.0 


—24.8 


33.0 


-33. G 


39.4 


—39. 2 


■38.4 


-39. 3 


■41.4 


—42.4 



—32.4 
—30.5 
—17.9 
—29.8 

— 7.1 
—6 .9 
—12.3 
—10.8 
—11. 2 

—20.5 
—29.8 
—29. 5 
—25. 5 
—20.7 

—12.8 

— 8.6 
—14. 5 

— 9.5 
—14.3 

—25.1 

—31.0 
-37.9 
—40.8 
—44.8 



—33. 53 
—33. 59 
-22. 24 
—23. 3G 

—24. 01 

— 4.28 
—11.25 

- 9.65 



—13. 1G 
—20.29 

31. 22 

— 2S. 55 
—22. 40 

—16.00 
—10. 03 
— 9.37 
—11. 75 
—11.70 

—17. G2 
—31.81 
—38. G3 
-38.81 
—42. G7 



-33.6 I -43.36 



-31. 9 

-31.1 
-5.8 



—22.75 I — 22.G3 ! —22.15 



—22. 49 



—34. 90 
—29. 10 
—17. 1G 



-23. 16 



Max. 



Hiu. j Diff. 



—31.9 

—17^9 
— 16. G 

— 7.1 

— 2.3 

— 7.9. 

— 5.4 

— 6.4 

— 9.0 
—21. 2 
—27.8 
— 25. 5 
—20.3 

—12. 8 

— G.9 

— 5.3 

— 8.0 



-12. 9 
-20. 
-34. G 
-36.9 
-40.2 

-33.1 
-31.9 
-20.7 
-5.8 



' —39. 1 

I —40. G 

— 33. G 

j -33.7 

; -40. 1 

1-9.8 

—15.9 

I —16. 1 

i — 18.6 

1 

' -25.1 
-34.1 
—39.1 
—36.1 
— 28. G 

—25. 3 
—16.4 
—18.1 
—18.4 
—19.7 

—30.3 

—40.4 
—46.1 
-45.6 
-A9.1 

-52.5 
—42 6 
—37.3 
—35.1 



13. 36 —31. 09 



1. z 
10.3 

15.7 
17.1 

33.0 
7.5 
8.0 
10.7 
12.2 

10.1 
12.9 
11.3 

10.6 
8.3 

12.5 
9.5 
12.8 
10.4 
10.9 

17.4 
13.8 
11.5 

8.7 
8.9 

19.4 
10.7 
16.6 
29.3 



-13. 33 



232 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing tl\e temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

(Height of the thermometer above the surface of Ibe earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduco to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 



1882. 
Mar. 1. 



Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mai-. 
Mar. 



Mar. 7.. 
Mar. 8.. 
Mar. 9.. 
Mar. 10.. 
Mar. 11.. 

Mar. 12.. 
Mar. 13.. 
Mar. 14.. 
Mar. 15.. 
Mar. 10 . 

Mar. 17.. 
liar. 18.. 
Mar. 19.. 
Mar. 20.. 
Mar. 21.. 

Mar. 22.. 
Mar. 23.. 
Mar. 24.. 
Mar. 2") . . 
Mar. 2G . 

Mar. 27.. 

Mar. 28.. 

Mar. 29.. 

Mar. 30.. 

Mar. 31.. 

Means. 



1 a.m. 



5.3 



— 3. C3 



2 a. m. 



— 5.9 

— 0.8 

— 4.2 

— 2.9 

— 0.7 

— 1.5 

— 2.4 
3.7 

19.4 

13.9 

5.0. 

—11.9 

— 3.1 
3.8 

— 8.1 
—16.9 

— 8.9 

— 4.0 

— 3.2 
11.2 

—13.7 

—18.4 

— 7.0 

— 0.7 
1.0 

—13.5 

—13.5 

—23.4 

— 4.8 

— 5.1 
—14.1 



— 4.19 



3 a.m. 



— 5.7 

— 0.9 

— 4.8 

— 2.6 

— 2.2 

— 2.5 

— 2.9 
4.4 

18.0 

13.7 

4.0 

—14.1 

— 4.2 
6.2 

—11.4 
—17.9 

— 9.2 

— 4.3 

— 1.6 
8.9 

—13.0 

—18.2 

— 9.5 
0.5 
4.0 

—13.3 

—13.2 
—23.9 

— 2.4 

— 6.8 

— 14. 9 



4 a. m. 



5 a. in. 



-4.8 

-0.8 
-5.5 
-2.5 
-2.4 
-3.1 

-3.4 

4.7 

14.9 

13.3 

1.7 

-15.2 
-4.8 
6.7 
-11.2 
-19.4 

-10.3 
-5.0 
-0.2 
4.4 
-23.8 

-16.4 

-9.5 

0.7 

3.5 

-13.7 

-12.3 
-24.6 
-3.9 

-7.4 
-15.7 



4.57 



.35 



— 4.9 

— 1.0 

— 6.9 

— 3.2 

— 2.8 

— 4.4 

— 4.5 
3.8 

13.2 
12. 2 

— 0.1 

—14.7 

— 7.5 
6.7 

—14.5 
—19.4 

—11.2 

— 6.0 
0.4 
2.8 

—17.9 

—17.0 

— 8.8 
0.2 
3.2 

—14.2 

—14.5 
—27.1 

— 5.3 

— 7.9 
—15. 9 



— 6.04 



6 a.m. 



— 5.1 

— 1.0 

— 6.9 

— 3.0 

— 3.2 

— 4.9 

— 5.3 
4.7 

14.7 
11.8 

— 1.8 

—13.5 

—10.8 

6.0 

—15.7 

—19.8 

—12.1 

— 6.0 
1.4 
0.1 

—17.9 

—16. 1 

— 5.1 

— 0.3 
3.2 

—14.2 

—15.6 
—27.3 

— 5.3 

— 7.9 

—16.8 



7 a. m. Sa.m 



- 5.1 

-0.9 
-6.4 
-2.5 
-2.7 
-5.1 

-5.8 

6.0 

10.3 

11.6 

-3.2 

-11.9 
-11.5 
5.8 
-15.4 
-19.8 

-12.0 
-6.0 
2.0 
-2.3 
-19.4 

-15.6 

- 2.3 
-0.5 

3.2 
-14.0 

-10.6 
-27.3 

-5.5 

-7.7 
-16.8 



— 6.25 



6.37 



— 0.9 

— 2^3 

— 2.7 

— 5.1 

8!b' 

9.0 

10.8 

— 4.0 

—11.2 
—12.3 
5.6 
—16. 6 
—19.8 

—12.0 

— 0.0 
3.7 

— 4.4 
—19.7 

—13.8 

— 1.8 

— 0.7 
3.4 

—12.3 

—18.4 
—26.5 

— 6.3 

— 7.2 
—10.9 



6.40 



9 a. m. 10 a.m. 



— 5.1 



-1.4 
-3.4 

-5.1 

- 6.9 
8.7 

10.8 
11.3 

- 5. 5 

- S.O 
-12.3 

4.7 
-10.8 
-19.4 

-12.3 

-6.0 

3.7 

-0.3 

-17. S 

-9.9 
-1.4 
-0.9 
3.2 
-11.4 

-19.7 
-25.9 
-6.9 
-6.9 
-17.5 



-4.4 

-1.4 
-8.0 
-1.4 
-4.2 
-5.1 

-7.1 
9.3 
13.7 
11.8 

-6.7 

-7.1 
-12. 4 ■ 

4.2 
-1G. 8 
-18. 6 

-12.0 
- 5.5 
2.3 
-8.0 
-18.4 

-0.0 
-1.4 
-0.9 
2.5 
-11.2 

-20.0 
-24.4 
-6.9 
-6.4 
-16.1 



11 a.m. 



— 6.20 



6.04 



-4.4 

- 1.0 
-7.9 

- 1.4 
-5.3 

-4.4 

-0.9 
10.0 
12.9 
12.0 

-7.9 

-5.1 
-12.8 
4.0 
-17.3 
-17.7 

-13.0 
-5.1 
2.3 
-9.5 
-19.4 

-1.8 

- 1.7 
-0.7 

2.3 
-12.1 

-21.2 
-23. 3 
-6.9 
-6.4 
-14.1 



12 m. 



-5.4 

-0.7 
-7.1 
-1.2 
-5.1 
-4.4 

-7.1 
11.1 
13.4 
12.5 

- 9.5 

-2.7 
-13.6 
3.3 
-17.8 
-18.0 

-13. 4 
-4.0 
2.2 
-11.4 
-20.1 

- 0.3 
-2.0 
-0.7 

0.2 
-14.9 

-21.7 
-21.5 
-4.5 
-6.0 
-11.1 



1 p. m. ; 2 p. m. 



0.0 



0.4 



- 0.7 


-0.5 


- 0.9 


— G.7 


0.7 


— 0.3 


- 5.1 


— 5.4 


- 4.5 


— 4.8 


■ 7.1 


— 7.7 


14.5 


17.1 


10.4 


16.9 


12.4 


12.7 


-10.0 


— 10. 



- 0. 5 
-14. 1 

2.2 
-19! 7 

-17.7 

-12.1 

- 3.2 
0.2 

-10.7 
-20. 6 

- 1.4 
-0.8 

- 0.9 
-15.0 
-14. 3 

-22. 1 
-l5! 5 
-6.2 
-6.5 

-10. 3 



— 5. 93 



— 5.85 



0.10 



-15. 3 

2.6 

-19.3 

-Ifi. 9 

-11.5 

- 2.4 

- 1.4 
-9.9 

-20. 3 

0. G 

0.4 

-0.7 

-16. G 

-13.8 

-22. 2 
-n! 7 

- 0. 
-8.4 
-7.9 



5. S3 



Date. 


3 p.m. 


4p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. ni. 


7 p.m. 


8 p. m. 


p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1882. 






























Mar. 1 . . . 


— 0.7 


— S.O 


— 8.4 


— 8.1 


— 7.4 


— 0.4 


— 4.0 


— 3.4 


— 1.8 


— 1.7 


— 5. 42 


— 1.7 


—11.5 


0.8 


Mar. 2... 


- 0.5 


0.1 


0.2 


0.1 


0.1 


0.0 


0.0 


— 0.5 


— 2.1 


— 4.0 


— 0.80 


0.2 


— G. 1 


0.3 


Mar. 3... 


— G.8 . 


— 5.5 


— 5.1 


— 5.0 


— 4.6 


— 4.8 


— 4.9 


— 5.1 


— 4.6 


— 4.5 


— 5.85 


— 3.4 


—12. 1 


8.7 


Mar. 4... 


0.2 


0.0 


1.9 


1.7 


1.7 


1.6 


1.6 


— 1.5 


2.2 


0.4 


— 0.70 


2.2 


— 0.1 


8.3 


Mar. 5... 


— 6.6 


— 5.3 


— 5.1 


— 5.1 


— 5.5 


— 5.5 


— 4.2 


— 3.7 


— 2.0 


— 2.8 


— 3.78 


0.4 


— 9.1 


9.5 


Mar. G... 


— 5.1 


— 4.4 


— 3.2 


— 3.0 


— 2.3 


— 2.1 


— 1.4 


— 1.0 


— 2.0 


— 2.7 


— 3.48 


— 1.0 


— 8. 5 


7.5 


Mar. 7... 


— 5.5 


— 3.4 


— 2.3 


— 1.4 


— 1.4 


- 0.9 


- 0.7 


— 0.8 


— 0.4 


0.8 


— 3.77 


0.8 


—11.3 


12.3 


Mar. 8... 


20.2 


21.3 


20.3 


18.1 


17.2 


16.8 


20.7 


22.0 


21.7 


19.6 


12.77 


22.0 


— 0. 1 


22.1 


Mar. 9... 


20.3 


20.9 


22.8 


22.0 


18.6 


14.7 


13.7 


14.1 


14.3 


14.0 


15. 80 


22.8 


8.4 


u! 4 


Mar. 10... 


12.7 


13.2 


13.5 


13.7 


13.3 


12.5 


11.0 


10.5 


9.6 


8.1 


12.13 


13.9 


0. 5 


7.4 


Mar. 11... 


—10.8 


—11.0 


—11.2 


—11.4 


—11.4 


—11.3 


—11.2 


—11.2 


—10.9 


—11.5 


— G.45 


0. 4 


—15.1 


21.5 


Mar. 12... 


4.G 


5.4 


7.2 


8.1 


10.3 


10.8 


11.2 


12.9 


6.2 


1.1 


— 1. 9G 


12.9 


—20. 1 


33.0 


Mar. 13... 


—14.0 


—11.9 


— 9.7 


— 7.2 


— 4.4 


— 2.7 


— 1.0 


0.1 


3.0 


2.3 


— 7.61 


3.0 


—20.7 


23.7 


Mar. 14... 


2.9 


3.2 


5.0 


5.1 


4.7 


4.4 


3.8 


2.3 


— 0.2 


— 1.6 


3.93 


0.7 


— 4.4 


11.1 


Mar. 15... 


—18.2 


—18.3 


—18.1 


—17.9 


—17.5 


—15.6 


—15.6 


—15.8 


—16. 5 


—16.5 


—15. 08 


— 5.7 


—23. 8 


IS. 1 


Mar. 1G... 


—14.7 


—15.0 


-13.0 


—12. 1 


—10.6 


— 9.5 


— 9.5 


— 9.S 


— 9.8 


-7.6 


—15. 43 


— 7.0 


—23.3 


15.9 


Mar. 17... 


—10.5 


—10.1 


-8.6 


-7.9 


— 7.4 


— 6.2 


— 5.3 


— 4.8 


— 3.4 


— 3.2 


— 9.45 


— 3.2 


— 1G. 9 


13.7 


Mar. 18... 


— 0.9 


— 0.5 


— 1.4 


— 1.4 


— 1.5 


— 1.2 


0.0 


0.2 


— 0.3 


— 2.0 


— 3. 15 


0.2 


—13.1 


13.3 


Mar. 19 .. 


— 3.0 


— 2.0 


2.8 


5.G 


6.4 


9.4 


11.4 


12.3 


12.7 


13.5 


3.29 


13.5 


— 5. 7 


19.2 


Mar. 20... 


— 9.7 


— 7.7 


— 7.2 


— 6.9 


— 6.5 


— 6.9 


— 7.7 


-11.2 


—12.8 


—13.3 


— 4.71 


12.0 


—16.1 


28.1 


Mar. 21... 


-18.4 


—15.6 


—14. 9 


—14.1 


—13.2 


—13.3 


-14.0 


—14.0 


—16.3 


— 16. G 


-17. 02 


—13.2 


— 24. S 


11.0 


Mar. 9,9, 


2.7 


2.2 


0.9 


0.4 


— 0.4 


0.9 


1.8 


4.G 


5.7 


3.9 


— 5.27 


5.7 


—23.1 


28.8 


Mar. 23... 


1.4 


1.4 


1.4 


1.4 


l.G 


2.5 


2.5 


2.3 


1.3 


— 0.7 


— 1.55 


2. 5 


—13. 3 


15.8 


Mar. 21... 


— 0.3 


0.0 


0.4 


0. 


0.9 


1.4 


1.4 


1.4 


2.1 


3.0 


0.18 


3.0 


— 4.0 


7.0 


Mar. 25... 


— 1G. 8 


—16.4 


-16.1 


—14.9 


—14.7 


-14.3 


—13.8 


—13. 9 


—13.9 


—14.4 


— 0.25 


4.0 


—20.5 


24.5 


Mar. 20... 


—11.8 


— 9.5 


— 8.8 


— 7.7 


— 7.0 


— 5.8 


— 6.4 


— 7.9 


— 9.4 


—11.6 


—11. 38 


— 5.8 


-17.0 


11.8 


Mar. 27... 


22. 2 


—22.1 


—21.4 


—21.2 


—21.3 


—21.3 


—21.5 


—21.6 


—22.1 


—22.5 


—19. 24 


—12.3 


— 2G.C 


14.-3 


Mar. 28... 


—15'. 9 


—14.9 


—14.2 


—13.4 


-12.4 


—11.9 


—10.9 


— 7.2 


-7.4 


— 7.7 


-18. 80 


— 7.2 


-30.! 


23. 2 


Mar. 29... 


— 4.9 


— 3.2 


— 2.5 


2. 5 


— 2.5 


— 2.7 


— 3.2 


— 1.8 


2.3 


4.8 


— 3.83 


4.8 


—12.0 


16.8 


Mar. 30... 


— 9.1 


— 9.0 


— 9.8 


—10.2 


-10.4 


—10.5 


—10.6 


—10.0 


—10.5 


—11.9 


— 8.19 


— 3.3 


—11. 5 


11.2 


Mar. 31... 


— 6.5 


— 4.6 


— 4.2 


— 2.5 


— 0.9 


0.2 


0.4 


-0.2 


- 0.3 


— 1.1 


— 9.20 


0.4 


—21. 1 


21.5 


Means.. 


— 5.29 


— 4. 22 


— 3.51 


— 3.13 


— 2.85 


— 2.51 


— 2.10 


- 2.00 


— 2. 12 


- 2. 79 


— 4. 53 


2.30 


—13. 40 


15.82 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



233 



Tables showing the temperature of the air at I glaamiefrom October. 1881, to August. 1S83 — Continued. 

[Height of tlie thermometer above the surface of the earth, i feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 bours 

J7 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


i a. m. 


5 a. 111. 


6 a. m. 


1 
7 a. m. 


S a. 111. 


S a. m. 


10 a. 111. 


11 a. m. 


12 m." 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


1882. 






























Apr. 1 ... 


— 1.4 


-1.5 


— 1.0 


0.0 


0.8 


— 0. 5 


— 0.8 


- 1.4 


— 2.1 


— 2.0 


— 2.3 


-2.2 


— 2. :: 


— 2. 3 


Apr. 2 . . . 


— 4.3 


— 4.0 


— 3.9 


-- 3.7 


— 3.7 ' 




— 4.2 


— 4.2 


— 4.2 


— 4.2 


— 4.4 


— 4.5 


— 4.4 


— 4.3 


Apr. 3... 


— 4.9 


5 o 


— 6. :; 


— 7.4 


— 9.0 


— 10! i 


—10. G 


—10. 


—10. 6 


—10. 


—10.0 


— 9.8 


-8.0 


— 0. :; 


Apr. 4 ... 


— 6.-9 


— 8! 9 


—11.5 


—12.1 


-13.0 


—13.8 


-13.0 


—11. 4 


—10.4 


— 9.0 


— 9.1 


- 7.7 


-7.5 


— 7.0 


Apr. 5 ... 


-7.7 


— 8. 5 


— 0.3 


— 8.9 


- 7.9 


— 8.4 


— 9.5 


-10.7 


-12. 1 


—13.2 


—14.1 


-14.3 


-14.1 


—13. 6 


Apr. . . . 


—13.3 


—13.8 


—15.3 


— 16.9 


—17.8 


—18.9 


-19.0 


—19.0 * 


—18.9 


-17.7 


—10. 


—14.7 


—13. G 


—12.1 


Apr. 7... 


0.4 


0.0 


1.8 


2.1 


2.1 


3.0 


6.0 


0.0 


5.8 


5.8 


5.9 


5.7 


C.8 


7.9 


Apr. 8... 


7.7 


0.7 


5.3 


2.1 


— 0.5 


— 0.8 


— 0.8 


— 2. 1 


— 4.2 


— CO 


— 0.7 


— CO 


— 4.0 


— 3. 2 


'Apr. 9... 


0.7 


CO 


0.7 


5.7 


5.5 


5.8 


0.0 


CO 


CO 


CO 


8.0 


9.9 


10. G 


12.7 


Apr. 10 . . . 


14.0 


13.7 


10.5 


9.0 


CO 


4.2 


3.4 


4.0 


4.9 


CO 


8.7 


10.4 


10.8 


12.4 


Apr. 11... 


0.5 


— 1.0 


— 2.0 


— 2.0 


— 0.4 


, 7_ 7 


— 8.0 


— 8.8 


— 8.G 


— 8.0 


—10.4 


—10.3 


— 3.9 


— 0. 5 


Apr. 12... 


l.G 


0.0 


— 0.5 


— 0.7 


— 2.5 


— 4.' 2 


— 3. 3 


— 0.3 


— 6.9 


— 6.9 


— 8.8 


— 7.2 


— 0. 3 


— 4.5 


Apr. 13... 


O.C 


— 2. 


— 4.0 


— 5.7 


— 5. 3 


— 3. 2 


- CT 


1.8 


4.4 


8.0 


11.0 


10.0 


16.2 


15.4 


Apr. 14 ... 


4.9 


4.2 


3.2 


3.7 


3.2 


3.2 


3.2 


3.1 


3.2 


0.4 


— 0.7 


— 2.7 


— 4.4 


— 3.1 


Apr. 15 - . . 


— 0.5 


— 1.0 


— 2.3 


— 3.3 


-0.2 


— 7.5 


— 8.8 


— 9. 5 


—10. 8 


—11.8 


—11.4 


—11.2 


—10.0 


— 8.7 


Apr. 1G... 


4.0 


5.0 


5.2 


5. 3 


4.2 


2.8 


3.7 


1.9 


0.4 


0.0 


0.1 


1.0 


l.G 


2.4 


Apr. 17... 


7.9 


7.2 




0.0 


3. 2 




0.4 


- 1. 6 


— 2. 3 


- i. 


— 4.4 


— G.5 


— 7. 5 


— 7.0 


Apr. 18 ... 


-3.2 


— 5.1 


— 7.0 


- 0.8 


— 4.2 


2, ;, 




-1.7 


— 1.4 


0.0 


— 0. 5 


0.2 


0.9 


1.0 


Apr. 19... 


1.9 


3.0 


3.4 


3.9 


4.2 


3.0 


5!o 


2.3 


1.4 


0.9 


— 0. 7 


- 0. 5 


- 0.5 


0.2 


Apr. 20 ... 


— 4.5 


— 0.3 


— 8.2 


— 9.3 


— 10. 


-11. 2 


-9.1 


— 7.9 


— 6.3 


— 5.1 


— :;. 5 




— 2.5 


— 2. 5 


Apr. 21 ... 


-4.0 


— 5.0 


— 8. 1 


— S. 7 


—10.0 


—11.8 


—13. 2 


— ] 1. 5 


—14.7 


-14.7 


-13.0 


—11.5 


—10.1 


— 9.0 


Apr. 22 ... 


— 0.3 


—10.1 


— 9.2 


—10. 1 


—10.8 


—11.2 


—11. 2 


—10. 


— 8.8 


—13.0 


— 7.9 


— 6. 2 


— 5.5 


— 5.3 


Apr. 23 . . . 


— 0. 5 


— 2. 5 


— 4.2 


— 4.9 


— 0. 7 


— 7.1 


— 7.0 


— S.4 


— 9.2 


—10.0 


— 9.5 


- 8.1 


— 7.7 


-G.2 


Apr. 24... 


11.0 


12.9 


12.9 


12.7 


12.0 


13.5 


14.1 


15.0 


16.2 


10.8 


17.8 


19.4 


20.4 


21.7 


Apr. 23 . .. 


24.0 


24.4 


23.7 


23. G 


23.3 


23.0 


22. 7 


22.3 


21.5 


21.3 


20.3 


20.0 


20.7 


21.7 


Apr. 20 . . . 


22.0 


22. 4 


21.4 


20. 3 


19.1 


13.0 


17.4 


1 0.1 


15.0 


14.9 


14.9 


14.7 


14.0 


' 13.0 


Apr. 27 . . . 


23.4 


iu 


22.0 


23.4 


23.3 


23.3 


23.0 


23.9 


23.5 


23.5 


23.3 


23. 5 


24.3 


25.4 


Apr. 28 . . . 


32.2 


31.3 


29.8 


29.8 


27.4 


25.8 


25.2 


25.9 


20.2 


25.9 


25.9 


24.1 


22.9 


23. ■: 


Apr. 29 ... 


25.1 


22 5 


21.7 


19.8 


18.1 


17.0 


. 16.8 


18.1 


10.8 


16,9 


18.9 


20.4 


20.7 


23. 1 


Apr. :J0... 


31.1 


27.7 


23.9 


20.3 


IS. 2 


16.8 


16.4 


14.5 


12.7 


12.5 


11.0 


11.0 


11.8 


12.0 


Means . . 


5.34 


4.52 


3.40 


2.89 


1.83 


1.31 


1.21 


1.09 


0.90 


0.74 


10.4 


1.74 


2.11 


3.02 


Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. in. 


p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


If p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Mas. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1882. 






























Apr. 1... 


— 2.3 


— 2.4 


g_ 


30 


— 3.0 


— 2.8 


— 2.9 


— 3.2 


— 2.7 


- 4.0 


— 2.10 


0.8 


— 0.1 


*0. 9 


Apr. 2... 


— 3.G 


— 2.5 


— L7 


— 0.7 


— 0.1 


— 0.7 


— 1.7 


— 1.0 


— 3.2 


— 4.7 


— 3.28 


-0.1 


— G. 8 


0.7 


Apr. 3... 


— 5.1 


- 4.3 


— 3.2 


— 3.2 


— 2.7 


— 2.1 


— 0.9 


— 2.1 


— 3.6 


— 5. 5 


— 0.39 


— 0.9 


—15. ■:, 


11.4 


Apr. 4... 


— 6.3 


— 3.2 


— 1.0 


— 1.2 


— 2.3 


— 3.2 


— 3.4 


— 5.1 


— 6.1 


— 0.9 


— 7. 55 


— 1.2 


—18. G 


17.4 


Apr. 5 . . . 


—13.3 


—11.1 


—10.6 


— 9.5 


— 9.3 


— 9.0 


— 9.5 


— 9.7 


—10.0 


-11.1 


—10. 07 


— 7.7 


—19.0 


11.9 


Apr. G... 


—10.4 


— 9. 3 


— 7.8 


— 9.0 


— 4.4 


0. 3 


— 0.7 


0.2 


1.6 


0.8 


-11.25 


l.G 


—23. 5 


25. 1 


Apr. 7 ... 


S. 9 


11.0 


12.7 


14. 2 


14.7 


14! 7 


13.7 


13.3 


12.2 


10.3 


7.73 


14.7 


2. 2 


16.9 


Apr. 8... 


— 1.9 j 


— 1.4 


0.8 


2.8 


4.2 


4.9 


5.4 


6.3 


7.0 


7.4 


0.93 


7.7 


—1ft 


17.7 


Apr. '.)... 


15.8 


18.1 


19.0 


20.7 


22.1 


22.3 


22.5 


22.3 


19.8 


15.4 


12.51 


22.5 


3.9 


18.6 


Apr. 10... 


14.0 


13.5 


14.5 


14.9 


15.3 


14.7 


12.7 


9.4 


7.5 


4.2 


9.97 


15.3 


0.9 


14.4 


Apr. U ... 


— 3.0 


— 0.5 


0.9 


3.3 


5.0 


6.8 


6.2 


5.8 


4.4 


2. 7 


— 2.40 


6.8 


—13.9 


20.7 


Apr. 12 ... 


— 2. 1 | 


0.4 


3.(1 


5.1 


G.9 


8.0 


8.8 


8.0 


0.0 


3! 2 


— 0. 42 


8.8 


—12.0 


20.8 


Apr. 13... 


14.5 


12.9 


12. G 


10.8 


10. 


8.8 


7.9 


0.1 


5.8 


6.2 


0.20 


16.6 


— 9.2 


25.8 


Apr. 14 ... 


— 2.3 


— 0. 5 


0.9 


2.8 


3.2 


3.1 


4.0 


4.0 


2.5 


0.4 


1.G5 


4.9 


— 0.5 


11.4 


Apr. 15... 


— 7.1 


-4.8 


— 2.3 


0.2 


2.3 


3.G 


3.0 


3.4 


5.8 


3.7 


— 3.99 


5.8 


—14. 9 


20.7 


Apr. 10. .J 


2.5 


3.0 


3.2 


5.3 


8.2 


0.5 


8.9 


8.7 


8.8 


8.0 


4.20 


8.9 


2. 5 


11.4 


Apr. 17 ... 


— 0.3 


— 5.4 


— 4.0 


— 4.2 


— 3. 7 


- 3.7 


— 3.2 


— 2.5 


— 3.1 


— 2.8 


— 1.66 


7.9 


—m 3 


18.2 


Apr. 18 ... 


3.4 | 


4.1 


4.7 


5.5 


5.3 


5.1 


4.8 


5.3 


5.6 


2.5 


0.53 


5.6 


—11. 3 


16 9 


Apr. 10... 


0.2 


0.2 


2 1 


2.0 


1.8 


1.2 


0.9 


0.8 


l.G 


— 0.3 


1.50 


4.2 


— 4.3 


8.5 


Apr. 29 . .. 


— 2.5 


— 2. 5 


— 2. 3 


-2.8 


— 1.7 


— 1.7 


— 2.0 


— 2. . 


9 n 


— 2.8 


— 4.72 


— 1.7 


—14. 5 


12.8 


Apr. 21 ... 


- 8.0 


— 7.7 


— G.2 


— 6.0 


— 6.3 


- G.3 


— 4.6 


— 4.8 


— 5.4 


-8.1 


— 8.87 


— 4.0 


IS. 3 


14.3 


Apr. 22... 


— 4.7 


— 3! 2 


— 1.1 


— 0.5 


— 0.2 


0.8 


1.2 


3.0 


1.6 


0.1 


— 5. 55 


1.0 


—14.3 


15.9 


Apr. 23 . . . 


— 3.5 


— 1.5 


1.8 


3.2 


4.7 


5.0 


6.5 


8.7 


11.3 


10.8 


— 1.92 


11.3 


—14.0 


25.3 


Apr. 24... 


22.4 ; 


22.9 


23.3 


29.5 


29.5 


23.7 


24.6 


24.9 


25.8 


24.7 


19.54 


29.5 


9.9 


19. G 


Apr. 25 ... 


22.5 ; 


23.9 


24.7 


25.0 


25.1 


24.9 


21.9 


24.5 


24.3 


23.5 


23.21 


25.1 


18.0 


7.1 


Apr. L0... 


15.2 : 


15.8 


17. G 


19.4 


20.3 


22.5 


21.4 


24. 5 


25. 5 


25.1 


18.90 


25.5 


11.3 


14.2 


Apr. 27 ... 


26.9 ; 


27.7 


28.9 


30.1 


30.8 


31.5 


31.8 


31.9 


32.3 


31.8 


2C40 


32.3 


21.4 


10.9 


Apr. 28... 


25. 


27.9 


28.4 


29.0 


29.4 


29.9- 


29.9 


29.5 


28.4 


26.9 


27.52 


32.2 


17.7 


11.5 


Apr. 20... 


25.0 [ 


26.7 


28.9 


30.1 


30.2 


32.3 


31.8 


31.3 


31.2 


30.7 


23.92 


32.3 


15.7 


16.0 


Apr. 30 ... 


13.0 


13.5 


14.7 


15. G 


16.0 


17.6 


18.2 


18.2 


18.5 


17.8 


16.82 


31.1 


9.5 , 


21.0 


Means . . 


4.25 


5.3S 


0.02 


7. Ct 


8.41 


8.54 


s.eit 


8.57 


S. 30 


7.00 


4.36 


11.25 


4. GC 


15. 91 




H. 


Ex.44 


30 

























234 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1SS1, to August, 1SS3 — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above the surface oft lie earth, 4 fc it. "Washington mean time. Collection to reduce to mean local time.- -5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m, 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


II a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


1882. 
Mav 1... 


18.0 


17. G 


17.0 


16.4 


10.3 


15. S 


15.8 


15.9 


15. G 


15.7 


15. G 


17.1 


18.1 


18.5 


Mav 2 ... 


12.8 


10.8 


11.5 


11.9 


12.3 


12.5 


11.2 


11.1 


8.5 


6.3 


5.1 


4.9 


4.9 


5. 3 




6.7 


0.2 


0.1 


5.9 


4.9 


4.4 


4.2 


3.7 


3.8 


4.7 


CO 


0.4 


6.4 


6.8 


May 4.... 


9.2 


9.2 


8.7 


8.7 


8.7 


7.8 


7.8 


7.6 


7.4 


7.2 


7.4 


7.2 


7.8 


8.9 


May 5 


7.4 


0.7 


0.3 


0.5 


0.0 


5.1 


4.2 


3.9 


3.0 


1.0 


2.3 


2. 5 


2.5 


2. 5 


May 0... 


7. 2 


0.3 


0.1 


5.9 


4.9- 


4.4 


4.0 


4.4 


5.1 


4.9 


5.3 


G. 3 


7. 5 


S. 2 


Mav 7.... 


11.1 


11.0 


11.1 


11.0 


10.0 


9.0 


9.6 


9.8 


9.8 


10.0 


10.0 


10. G 


11.0 


11.0 


May 8.... 


10.0 


1G. 3 


10.4 


10.5 


15.8 


15.8 


15.8 


15.9 


15.8 


15.8 


10.1 


10.1 


35.8 


10.1 


May 3.... 


17.0 


16.9 


' 10.8 


1G.8 


10.3 


15.8 


15.0 


15.4 


14.0 


13.7 


13.5 


13.0 


is: 


15.2. 


May 10 


15.0 


15.9 


16.3 


16.0 


15.8 


15.0 


15.3 


14.8 


14.5 


14.9 


15.1 


15.4 


15.4 


15.9 


May 11.... 


18.7 


19.0 


19.5 


19.9 


21.0 


21.5 


20.3 


22.5 


24.9 


25.4 


20.0 


2G. 8 


27.2 


28.8 




33.2 


32.8 


32.0 


31.5 


30.8 


30.5 


29.9 


29.4 


29.2 


29.5 


30.1 


30.9 


32.6 


32. C 


Mav 13.... 


33.4 


32.0 


31.0 


31.2 


29.4 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.3 


30. 5 


31. 5 


32.1 


33. 1 


32.1 


May 14.... 


31.0 


31.5 


31.1 


30.0 


30.1 


29.4 


29.2 


28.4 


28.2 


28.7 


29. G 


30. 1 


30.3 


31.5 




30.7 


30.3 


30.3 


30.1 


28.6 


28.2 


27.9 


28.0 


2S.4 


29. 1 


29.8 


30.1 


30.8 


31.3 


Mav 10 .... 


29.5 


28.3 


25.2 


23.6 


19.8 


19.4 


18.1 


1G.9 


15.7 


15.0 


17.4 


20.3 


22.5 


25. 4 


Mav 17.... 


30.4 


29.9 


29. G 


29.0 


28.0 


28.8 


28.8 


28. 7 


29.0 


29.2 


30.3 


30.7 


31.5 


32. 1 


May IS.... 


33.3 


33.2 


32. 5 


32. 4 


31.7 


31.0 


31.3 


31.3 


30.3 


29.5 


28. 


29. 


29.0 


29.0 


May 11).... 


31.3 


30.4 


29.2 


27.9 


26.2 


25.4 


24.0 


22. 5 


20.5 


19.4 


19.8 


20.7 


21.8 


23.9 


May 20 


33.0 


34.0 


33.7 


34.0 


33.1 


33.1 


3D.0 


33.0 


33.3 


33. 3 


34.0 


34.8 


35.0 


35. S 


Mav 21.... 


34.2 


34.0 


33.9 


33. 8 


33.3 


33.3 


33.1 


33.0 


32.9 


33.1 


33. 3 


33.0 


34.0 


34.1 


May 22.... 


33.0 


33.4 


33.3 


33. 1 


33.0 


32. 5 


32.0 


32.3 


32.1 


32.1 


32.5 


32. 4 


33.5 


34.4 


Mav 2::.... 


29.8 


28.7 


27.3 


20. 7 


25.8 


25.2 


24.5 


24.3 


24.3 


24.5 


24.9 


25.2 


26.2 


20. 


Mav 24.... 


24.9 


23.3 


21.3 


19.9 


18.0 


19.1 


19.3 


18.4 


18.4 


17.8 


17. G 


17.4 


19.1 


10.1 


May 23 


20.3 


19.5 


19.4 


19.4 


18.3 


18.2 


18.2 


17.9 


17.0 


18.0 


IS. 8 


18.8 


18.8 


19.1 


May 20.... 


23.0 


23.0 


23.0 


21.4 


21.9 


21.8 


21.0 


20.0 


19. 


18.8 


IS. 4 


18.8 


19.1 


20.1 


May 27.... 


21.8 


20.7 


20.3 


20.1 


15.0 


13.1 


11.6 


11.4 


11.6 


12.5 


13.9 


15.8 


18.0 


in g 




19.8 


18.5 


17.0 


15.7 


13.7 


12. G 


12.5 


11.8 


12.5 


13.4 


14.3 


15. 1 


17.1 


17.1 


Mav 2!).... 


18.9 


17.5 


17.0 


10.5 


15.0 


14.9 


14.5 


15.2 


16.4 


17.1 


18.0 


19.4 


19.4 


20. i 


May. '10.... 


24.7 


24. G 


24.3 


24.0 


23.7 


23.0 


22.5 


22.7 


23.0. 


23.3 


24.3 


24.7 


25.4 


25. a 


May 31. . . . 


29.5 


2S.G 


27.8 


27. G 


26.4 


20.2 


2G.0 


25. S 


2G. 1 


26. 2 


20.8 


27.2 


28.7 


30. 2 


Means .. 


22. 8G 


22.28 


21. 81 


21.42 


20.52 


20. 16 ! 


19.73 


19.50 


19.43 


iy.3'j 


19. 92 


20. 43 


21. IS 


21.84 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


1 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p.m. 


S p. m. 


'.) p.m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1882. 






























May 1 


19.6 


20.0 


20.3 


20.5 


19. 


19. G 


18.1 


15.8 


15.4 


13.5 


17.32 


20.5 


12.2 


8.3 


May 2 


7.8 


7.4 


6.2 


0.2 


7.5 


7.G 


7.0 


6.7 


7.2 


6.9 


S.32 


12.8 


3.4 


9.4 


May 3 


6.8 


6.6 


7.0 


7.8 


8.4 


8.9 


9.4 


9.9 


9.5 


9.1 


6.65 


9.9 


0.9 


9.0 


May 4 


9.5 


10.0 


11.3 


10.6 


9.8 


9.4 


8.9 


8.4 


8.2 


7.4 


8.65 


11.3 


5.0 


6.3 


Muy 5.... 


3.4 


4.6 


5.0 


5.9 


0.8 


7.4 


7.8 


8.2 


8.0 


7.0 


5. 22 


8.6 


—1.7 


10.3 


May 6... 


9.2 


10.2 


11.6 


11.8 


11.8 


12.0 


12.2 


12.0 


11.7 


10.3 


S.05 


12.2 


2.0 


10.2 


May 7.... 


12.2 


13.3 


13.2 


13.5 


14.3 


14.7 


14.9 


10.4 


16.3 


15.3 


12.10 


10.4 


7. 3 


9.1 


May 8 


16.1 


16.4 


16.5 


16.8 


17.0 


18.0 


18.8 


19.1 


18.8 


18.0 


10.70 


19.1 


14.2 


4.9 


Mav 9.... 


15.4 


15.4 


15. G 


16.5 


10.4 


10.4 


10.0 


16.0 


19.5 


17.8 


15.89 


19.5 


11.0 


S. 5 


May 10.... 


16.4 


17.4 


17.6 


18.8 


19.0 


19.4 


19.0 


19.7 


18.9 


18.0 


10.72 


19. 7 


13.3 


0.4 


May 11 


29.6 


30.7 


32.1 


33.1 


33.2 


33.3 


33.3 


33.5 


33.8 


32.9 


2G 98 


33.8 


17.0 


10. s 


May 12.... 


33.5 


34.2 


34.7 


35. 2 


34.8 


34.2 


34.0 


33. 7 


33.0 


33.0 


32.33 


33.2 


28.0 


7.2 


May 13.... 


33. a 


34.2 


34.0 


35.7 


32.8 


32.1 


32.1 


31.8 


31.5 


31.1 


32. 05 


35. 7 


20. 


9.7 


May 14.... 


31.7 


32.1 


32.1 


32.2 


32.3 


32.3 


33.1 


33.1 


32.9 


31.4 


30.95 


33.1 


27. 2 


5. 9 


May 15.... 


31.3 


31.5 


31.7 


31.5 


31.1 


30.9 


30.6 


30.4 


30.2 


29.2 


30. 08 


31.7 


20. S 


4.9 


May 16.... 


26.6 


28.4 


28.9 


29.7 


30.8 


31.5 


31.9 


31. G 


31.3 


30.3 


24. 95 


31.9 


14.1 


17.8 


May 17 


32. G 


33.1 


33.3 


33.7 


33.5 


33. 4 


35.2 


34. G 


34.0 


33.3 


31.40 


35. 2 


27.8 


7.4 


May 18.... 


29.0 


29.0 


28.2 


29.4 


31.3 


31.9 


32. 1 


32.3 


32.2 


31.5 


30.82 


33.3 


27.0 


0.3 


May 19 


24.3 


25.7 


27.4 


28.4 


30. r> 


31.8 


33.2 


33.3 


33.5 


33.1 


20.80 


33.5 


18.0 


15. 5 


May 20 


35.8 


30.0 


36.2 


36.0 


37.0 


30.4 


36.1 


35.2 


35.2 


35.2 


34.72 


S7.0 


32. 3 


4.7 


May 21.... 


34.4 


34.4 


35.0 


35.2 


35.2 


34.8 


34.4 


34.2 


34.2 


33.5 


33. 93 


35. 2 


31.8 


3.4 


May 22 


35.0 


33.4 


35.4 


35.4 


35.0 


33.5 


33 5 


33.1 


32.6 


32.2 


33 41 


35.4 


SO. 8 


4.0 


May 23 


20.1 


26.8 


26.9 


27.4 


27.4 


27.3 


27.2 


27.2 


27.4 


2G.4 


20. 40 


29.8 


21.8 


8.0 


May 24.... 


19 1 


19.0 


19.6 


19.8 


20.1 


20.3 


21.3 


21.0 


21.3 


20.0 


19. 85 


24.9 


35.3 


n.o 


May25.... 


19.1 


19.1 


19.8 


21.5 


23.0 


23.3 


23.5 


23.4 


23.7 


23. 5 


20.(9 


23.7 


16.3 


7.4 


May 26.... 


20.1 


20.8 


21.3 


21.5 


21.7 


22.0 


21.5 


21.3 


21.9 


21.5 


21. 00 


23.0 


15.8 


7.8 


May 27 


21.0 


22.3 


23.3 


23.5 


23.0 


23.5 


93 5 


23. 


22.6 


21.3 


1 s. 80 


23. 


10.2 


33.4 


May28 


18.4 


18.9 


19.6 


20.1 


20.9 


20.5 


21.1 


19.8 


19.9 


19.5 


17 OS 


20.9 


10.0 


10. 9 


May 29.... 


21 1 


22.5 


23,0 


24. 5 


24.5 


24.8 


25.0 


24.5 


23.9 


24.5 


19 99 


25. 


12.8 


12.2 


May 30 


26.4 


27.2 


27.4 


27.7 


28.4 


28.9 


29.3 


29.2 


29.7 


29.4 


25. 82 


29.7 


21.2 


8. ."■ 


May 31.... 


28. 


29.4 


30.1 


30.4 


30.9 


31.2 


31.0 


31.0 


31. G 


30.5 


28.01 


31. G 


24.0 


7.0 


Means . . 


22.39 


23.01 


23.40 


23. 88 


24.17 


24. 25 


24.37 


24.21 


24. 23 


23.40 


21.99 


25. 60 


10. 83 


8.77 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



235 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from Oetobcr, 1881, to Avgusf, lti$o — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above t ho surface of the earth, 4 foci. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — D hours 

17 minute*. 1 



Dite. 


1 a.m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a.m. 


a. m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a. m. 


!) a. ni. 


10 a. in. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. El. 


1882. 






























.Tunc 1... 


30. 5 


29.8 


28. 9 


28. 2 


27.7 


27. 2 


20.4 


26.1 


2G.4 


27. 3 


28. «, 


29. 7 


29. 8 


30. 


June -... 


30.5 


30.4 


29.0 


29. 2 


27.9 


27.0 


27.0 


28. 2 


27. 6 


2G. 7 


■J; G 


26. 2 


27.4 


28.2 


June :;... 


29.2 


28.8 


28. 2 


28. 2 


27. 4 


27. 4 


27. G 


27.7 


28, 9 


29.4 


::o. 


31.5 


32. 5 


33.1 


■Tune i--' 


33.5 


32. 7 


32. 4 


32.3 


31.5 


31.1 


30.5 


30. 3 


30.7 


31.1 


31.7 


32. 1 


33.1 


33. 5 


Juue r>... 


34.4 


33.0 


32. G 


32.4 


31.8 


31.3 


31.2 


30.3 


30.1 


29.9 


30.7 


30.7 


31.8 


32. 8 


June (i... 


38.3 


3G.0 


35.0 


35.3 


33.0 


33.3 


34.2 


31.1 


33.8 


:;:.. 2 


36. 5 


38. 1 


39. 1 


39. 5 


Jiuu- 7... 


40.3 


39. 3 


38.3 


: 5. l 


32. G 


31.3 


32.3 


32.7 


33.7 


33.7 


31.8 


3G. 7 


38.4 


40. 


Juki- 8... 


38. 2 


37.1 


30.2 


34.2 


30. 3 


29.5 


29.4 


29.7 


"0. 5 


32. 8 


33. 5 


34. 1 


34.1 


34. 5 


June !>-.. 


38.3 


37.0 


35.5 


34. 2. 


31.7 


30.7 


31. 5 


32. 5 


33. G 


3.'. 


32. 9 


32. 9 


33.1 


33.7 


Juue ]()... 


' 34. 


33.1 


32.4 


32.1 


31.5 


31. 5 


31.5 


31. G 


32.5 


33.7 


31. u 


34. 


34. 4 


34.4 


June It... 


34.4 


33. 4 


33.5 


33.1 


as. s 


32.5 


32.5 


32,2 


32.7 


33.8 


34.7 


34.9 


35.8 


30. 9 


June 12... 


40. 2 


42.0 


40.1 


38.0 


38.0 


38.7 


37.9 


30. 3 


38.3 


38.3 


30. 3 


40.7 


41.2 


39.8 


Juno 13... 


35. 


3G. 1 


35.2 


34. 1 


33.3 


32.9 


33.5 


33. 1 


32. 5 


32. f> 


33.7 


34.8 


35. 


34.4 


June 14... 


33.7 


34.0 


33.2 


33. 2 


32.7 


32.7 


32.9 


33.0 


33.0 


• 33. 1 


33.5 


34.0 


34.0 


34.0 


June 15. -- 


34.4 


34.2 


34.2 


33.7 


33.2 


33.1 


33.1 


32/7 


32.7 


33.4 


33.7 


33. G 


34.3 


34.1 


June 10 .. 


33.2 


32.4 


31.0 


31.3 


30.5 


29.9 


30.1 


30.1 


30. 5 


31.2 


31. 1 


32. 3 


31.0 


33.1 


June 17... 


35.4 


33. 5 


35. 2 


33. 7 


31.0 


30. 2 


29.7 


31.5 


32. 5 


32. 


32. 9 


33. 5 


34. 


35.0 


Juno IS. .. 


34.4 


33. 5 


32.9 


32. 4 


31.8 


32.9 


34.4 


35.8 


38.8 


38. 6 


38. 9 


30. 3 


41.8 


42.9 


Juno 19. .. 


41.2 


40.1 


38.1 


37.3 


37.1 


30.2 


36.8 


37.4 


37.9 


38.5 


38.9 


39. 


39.0 


40.5 


Juno 20... 


3S.9 


37.0 


30.0 


30. 2 


35.4 


34. 


34.4 


34.6 


34. 


34.4 


35. 


35. 4 


35. 9 


36. 4 


Juue 21... 


• 35.3 


34. 5 


34.0 


33. 5 


33.2 


32.7 


32.8 


32. 8 


32. 9 


33.1 


33.5 


34.2 


31.2 


34.0 


June 22. .. 


3'!. 1 


31.3 


29.8 


30.1 


29.3 • 


28.2 


28. G 


28.1 


28.8 


29.0 


29. 9 


30. 4 


30.7 


30. 7 


June 23 . . . 


32.4 


32.0 


31.5 


31.3 


30.5 


30.7 


30.9 


30.5 


30.5 


32. 3 


32. 5 


32. 5 




32. 5 


June 21... 


34.0 


30. 2 


37.3 


36. G 


33.9 


33.3 


31.3 


30.7 


31.3 


32.7 


33.1 


35.8 


34.1 


33.0 


June 25. .. 


41.0 


41.7 


49.1 


38.5 


36.4 


36.6 


38.3 


40.9 


41.0 


39.8 


41.8 


43.0 


44.2 


45. 4 


June 20... 


38.8 


38.1 


34.4 


33.5 


33.5 


33.5 


33.5 


33. 5 


33. 1 


32.5 


32.5 


32. 5 


32. 5 


32. 5 


Juno 27 . . . 


33.0 


32.0 


32.5 


32. G 


32.5 


32.5 


32.1 


31.5 


31.5 


31. 5 


31.5 


31.5 


31.0 


32. 5 


Juno 28... 


32.1 


31.0 


31.4 


31.2 


30.7 


30.5 


30.5 


30.3 


30.3 


30.5 


30. 8 


31.5 


32.5 


33.0 


June 29... 


31.3 


32.3 


32.4 


31.6 


31.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.7 


33.8 


31.9 


35.4 


30.4 


June 30. .. 


34.2 


34.3 


34.0 


33.7 


33.7 


33.5 


33.5 


33.5 


33.5 


33.5 


34.9 


34.9 


35.2 


J.,. _ 


Means . . 


35.33 


34. G2 


33.90 


33.20 


32.24 


31.03 


32. 05 


32.04 


82. 55 


32.67 


33. 54 


34. 18 


34.06 


35. 09 



Date. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


p. m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 

means. 


Max. 


Miu. 


Diff. 


1882. 






























Juno 1... 


31.1 


32.1 


32.1 


32. 3 


32.5 


32.8 


32.5 


32.1 


32.0 


31.3 


29. 92 


32.8 


24.5 


8.3 


Juno 2 . . . 


28.2 


28.6 


28.9 


29.4 


28.6 


29.4 


30.2 


29.9 


29.8 


29.2 


28.58 


30.5 


25.0 


5.5 


Juue 3 . . . 


34.0 


35.9 


35.1 


35.0 


34.7 


34.4 


34.2 


34.0 


33.4 


33.5 


31.41 


35. 1 


26. 5 


8.0 


June 4... 


34.0 


34.0 


34.2 


35.0 


35.2 


35.2 


38.9 


35.2 


35.8 


34.9 


33.29 


38.9 


20.3 


9.0 


Juno 5... 


33.8 


35.0 


37.7 


38.1 


38.9 


37.7 


37.9 


37.4 


38.3 


37.5 


34.00 


38.9 


29.1 


9,8 


Juno .. 


39.1 


39.1 


37.9 


37.8 


37.9 


37.5 


39.3 


40.1 


40.3 


41.7 


37.10 


41.7 


31.8 


9.9 


June 7... 


36.8 


36.0 


36.7 


37.2 


37.2 


37.0 


37.0 


36.4 


37.1 


38.1 


30.20 


40.3 


30.8 


9.5 


June 8 .. 


34.7 


35.7 


37.2 


37.6 


37.4 


37.2 


37.2 


3G.7 


38.1 


40.0 


34. 83 


40.0 


27.4 


12.0 


June 9... 


31.0 


34.4 


35.2 


30.7 


30.0 


35.4 


35.3 


34.9 


34.5 


34.2 


34.18 


38.3 


28.8 


9.5 


June 10... 


35.0 


35.8 


36.4 


3G.4 


36.0 


36.4 


36.9 


3G. 1 


35.5 


30.2 


34. 25 


36.0 


30.0 


6. G 


Juno 11... 


38.3 


39.5 


41.2 


41.3 


41.1 


38.7 


39.3 


41.5 


42.9 


45.2 


30. 75 


45.2 


. 31.0 


13. G 


June 12... 


37.9 


38 5 


38.7 


38.5 


39.3 


39.3 


38.3 


37.9 


30.4 


35.7 


39 02 


46.2 


35.4 


10.8 


Juno 13... 


35.0 


35.4 


35.2 


35.6 


34.4 


34.0 


34.0 


34. 


34.0 


33.6 


34. 25 


36.1 


31.8 


4.3 


June 14... 


35.2 


35.3 


30.4 


37.0 


36.9 


36.7 


36.5 


36.9 


35.8 


34.7 


31.52 


37.0 


32.0 


5.0 


Juno 15... 


33.9 


35.0 


34.0 


34.4 


34.0 


33.5 


33.8 


33.5 


33.0 


34.2 


33. 79 


35. 


31.9 


3. 1 


June 10... 


33.1 


33.1 


33.0 


33.3 


33.8 


33.8 


34.0 


34.6 


34.4 


35. 2 


32.41 


35.2 


29.1 


0.1 


Juue 17... 


35.4 


36 2 


35.9 


35. 7 


35.8 


3G.4 


36.9 


36.6 


36.0 


34.3 


34. 20 


3G. 9 


29.0 


7.9 


June 18... 


45.2 


40.5 


40.1 


40 


40.3 


39.3 


39.1 


42.5 


44.3 


45.0 


3S. 55 


45.2 


30.9 


14.3 


Juno 19... 


41.5 


40.9 


40.5 


38.8 


39.9 


38.9 


38. G 


38.3 


39.1 


38.9 


38.94 


41.5 


55. 1 


G. 4 


Judo 20... 


37.9 


38.3 


38.0 


38. 6 


38.7 


38.5 


38.3 


37.8 


37.1 


35.7 


33.57 


38.9 


33.0 


5.9 


June 21... 


34.2 


33.7 


33.9 


34.0 


33.7 


33.7 


32.5 


32.5 


33.1 


32.4 


33. 52 


35.3 


31.0 


4.3 


Juno 22... 


31.1 


31.4 


31. 5 


32.0 


34; 3 


32.7 


3*2.9 


32.7 


33.1 


32. 3 


30. 02 


34. 3 


2G. 8 


7.5 


Juno 23... 


32.5 


32 5 


32.0 


31.7 


31.7 


32.1 


32.0 


32.0 


32.3 


33.2 


31. 85 


33.2 


29.0 


4.2 


Juno 21 . . 


33.9 


35.0 


35.2 


35.4 


30. 


36.0 


35.9 


35.9 


36.4 


37.0 


34. 58 


37.3 


30.1 


7. 2 


Juno 25 . . . 


47.2 


48.8 


49.7 


50.5 


52.0 


53.5 


51.2 


52.2 


51. 3 


43.0 


44.50 


53.5 


34.0 


19.5 


June 2fi... 


33.7 


34.0 


34.4 


34.2 


34.0 


34.0 


34.2 


33.9 


34.2 


33.3 


33.93 


38. 8 


32.0 


0.8 


Juno 27. .. 


33.7 


33.5 


33.5 


32.7 


32. 5 


32. 1 


31.7 


31.5 


32.4 


52.1 


32. 27 


33.7 


J9.G 


4.1 


June 28... 


33.5 


34.4 


34.4 


34.2 


34.9 


34.4 


34.2 


33.0 


33.4 


31.6 


32.29 


34.9 


29.3 


5.0 


Juno 29 .. 


36.4 


3G.4 


37.4 


36.2 


35.4 


35.4 


36. 4 


35. G 


35.2 


34.0 


34.20 


37.4 


29.8 


7.0 


June 30... 


35.4 


35.4 


35. 4 


35. 4 


35.4 


35.4 


35.4 


38.3 


39.0 


40.6 


35.14 


40. G 


32.0 


3-.0 


Means . . 


35.52 


35.78 


36. 10 


36.19 


30.30 


36.05 


36. 15 


36.13 


36.29 


35. 95 


34. 53 


38.31 


30.22 


8.09 



236 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Table *ho icing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. in. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


1 
8 a. m. ! 9 a. m. 

i 


10 a. m. 


11a. in. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 

i 


2 p.m. 


1882. 
July 1... 


37.9 


34.4 


33.5 


33.0 


32.8 


33.5 


38.8 


40.7 


38.3 


40.1 


40.3 


40.2 


40.8 • 


40.8 


July 2... 


38.9 


39.5 


41.2 

in. 4 


40.7 


37.4 


38.8 


35.4 


37.4 


37.4 


37.4 


38.8 


40.6 


44.0 , 


44.2 


July 3... 


39.8 


39.3 


37.0 


35.8 


35.6 


36.4 


37.2 


37.8 


37.9 


35.4 


34.4 


33.1 


33.3 


July 4... 


35.0 


35.4 


34.5 


34.0 


33.7 


34.3 


34.4 


34.1 


38.3 


38.3 


38.3 


37.4 


38.3 


38.3 


July 5... 


40.1 


38.1 


36.2 


34.7 


34.4 


33.9 


34.4 


35.6 


37.4 


40.3 


43.0 


46. 2 


46.0 


40.2 


July C... 


43.3 


43.8 


42.8 


40.8 


41.0 


42.2 


43.4 


42.4 


44.0 


45.2 


44.7 


45.2 


45.0 


45.2 


July 7... 


48.2 


49. S 


49.2 


45.3 


40.2 


45.0 


48.2 


50.2 


51.0 


53.2 


55.5 


56.2 


49.2 


56.4 


July 8... 


49.0 


46.2 


40.9 


41.4 


39.1 


38.3 


36.8 


40.3 


42.4 


43.2 


44.5 


45.4 


45.4 


45. 2 


July 9... 


41.1 


39.7 


38.2 


35.3 


33.5 


32.0 


31.0 


30.7 


31.5 


32.5 


33.9 


34.4 


34.4 


34.2 


July 10... 


40.8 


39.4 


40.3 


41.1 


38.3 


39.1 


43.4 


47.0 


50.2 


52.8 


55.2 


49.7 


52.2 


45.0 


July 11... 


40.8 


41.5 


39.7 


38.3 


38.1 


40.1 


42.0 


40.2 


47.8 


52.7 


5G.0 


56.2 


56.7 


59.9 


July 12... 


43.2 


43.2 


44.7 


45.2 


42.7 


42.7 


42.5 


42.2 


41.9 


44.2 


44.2 


47.2 


44.2 


42.2 


July 13... 


39.1 


3C.9 


36.6 


37.0 


37.2 


37.3 


37.2 


38.9 


39.3 


39.3 


38.9 


38. 3 


38. 3 


38.3 


July 14... 


48.2 


49.2 


45.8 


41.0 


39.1 


38.9 


40.0 


41.2 


42.9 


42.7 


41.2 


40.7 


40.1 


39.5 


July 15... 


33.5 


33.5 


31.0 


30.1 


29.0 


29.0 


28.6 


32.5 


31.5 


33.1 


32.3 


32. 5 


33.1 


33.5 


July 16... 


37.4 


35.9 


36.3 


34.0 


34.2 


32.5 


32.5 


32. 5 


33. 5 


34.2 


35.4 


36.9 


30.7 


35.9 


July 17... 


34.9 


34.8 


34.5 


34.3 


34.4 


34.4 


34.1 


33.7 


33.7 


32. 7 


33.7 


34.4 


34.6 


35.2 


July 18... 


37.3 


36.0 


35.3 


35.0 


34.9 


34.6 


34.4 


34.4 


34.9 


35.6 


36.4 


37.7 


37.7 


38.3 


July 19... 


40.4 


39.9 


38.1 


38.3 


38.3 


38.1 


37.9 


39.1 


40.5 


41.2 


43.4 


46.3 


50.7 


49.0 


July 20... 


40. 3 


41.6 


45.2 


44.8 


43.9 


44.0 


43.6 


47.4 


48.9 


47.2 


48.0 


45.2 


46.2 


46.7 


July 21... 


40.5 


43.2 


41.3 


41.2 


40.5 


40.3 


40.3 


39.6 


39.3 


39.3 


40.1 


42.2 


44.7 


44.4 


July 22... 


45.8 


44.4 


44.1 


43.3 


42.6 


42.2 


41.8 


41.4. 


42.2 


43.4 


45.6 


44.7 


47.2 


47.7 


July 23... 


40.8 


46.8 


45.4 


43.4 


43.2 


43.4 


42.5 


43.2 


45.7 


49.5 


49.2 


50.4 


50.4 


55.2 


July 24... 


50.7 


52. 


49.0 


48.9 


50.5 


51.2 


50.9 


51.2 


52.1 


53.9 


57.2 


57.2 


61.3 


62.5 


July 25... 


G1.3 


59.1 


55.1 


55. 2 


52.2 


53.2 


53.2 


53.9 


57. 2 


60.3 


61.1 


55.2 


53.7 


51.2 


July 2G... 


54.3 


54.0 


52.8 


51.2 


51.2 


50.9 


50.5 


51.6 


52.2 


53.4 


54.2 


54.7 


55.2 


53.4 


July 27... 


44.7 


43.1 


41.3 


41.5 


41.2 


41.2 


41.0 


41.0 


40.3 


41.0 


40.3 


41.7 


43.0 


43.0 


July 28... 


35.9 


35.9 


36.3 


36.6 


30.1 


35.4 


34.6 


33.9 


33.5 


33. 9 


34.9 


34.9 


35.9 


36.5 


July 29... 


36.2 


35. 5 


35.2 


35.0 


35.2 


35.7 


34.9 


34.9 


35.9 


35.9 


36.9 


38.8 


37.4 


40.3 


July 30... 


40.9 


39.4 


38.5 


38.6 


37.2 


36.7 


30.9 


36.9 


38.3 


39.3 


40.3 


41.2 


43.2 


44.2 


July 31... 


54.7 


54. G 


54.6 


53.0 


51.2 


50.4 


50.7 


50.2 


50.9 


52.7 


51. C 


52.2 


52.7 


53.9 


llcans . . 


43.20 


42. 13 


41.23 


40.30 


39.52 


39.51 


39. 77 


40.69 


,41.64 


42.79 


43. 50 


43.82 


44.24 


44.50 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p.m. 


S p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Mas. 


Min. 


Diff. j 


1882. 
July 1... 


40.7 


40.8 


39.3 


40.8 


41.4 


41.0 


! 

41.8 1 


42.0 


42.0 


43:4 


39.10 


43.4 


32.2 


11.2 


July 2... 


47.5 


48.7 


48.0 


47.7 


47.0 


46.7 


46.2 


45.2 


42.8 


40.8 


42.18 


48.7 


34.0 


14.7 


July 3... 


34.2 


33.2 


34.0 


33.9 


33.8 


33.0 


33.1 


34. 2 


34.4 


34.0 


35.37 


39.8 


31.0 


8.2 


July 4... 


38.1 


39.3 


39.8 


40.7 


40.5 


39.6 


40.2 


40.4 


41.2 


41.2 


37.72 


41.2 


32.2 


9.0 


Julv 5... 


47.4 


46.7 


46.2 


45. 4 


44.2 


44.0 


43.4 


44.2 


43.2 


44.7 


41. 50 


47.4 


33.2 


14.2 


July 0... 


45. 2 


46.7 


46.2 


45.0 


42.7 


43.2 


44. 8 


43.4 


44.0 


45.0 


43.97 


46.7 


39.8 


G. 


July 7... 


56.8 


58.3 


59.3 


60.4 


60.0 


59. 1 


57. 7 


56.4 


50.0 


52. 2 


53. 35 


60.0 


42.2 


18.4 


July 8... 


47.0 


47.2 


49.0 


49.0 


48.7 


48.0 


48.2 


43.7 


39.9 


40.2 


44.28 


49.0 


36.2 


12.8 


July 9... 


34.2 


34.4 


35.4 


35.0 


36.4 


37.9 


43.4 


43.2 


40.3 


40.3 


35.98 


43.4 


29. S 


13.6 


July 10... 


49.0 


51.7 


50.4 


43.7 


43.4 


42.7 


45.2 


51.2 


53.2 


51.3 


46.51 


55.2 


37.3 


17.9 


July 11... 


56.7 


59.1 


55, i 


50.4 


48.2 


45. 2 


46.0 


43. 2 


45. 2 


42.0 


47. 82 


59.9 


36.5 


23.4 


July 12 .. 


42.7 


41.8 


41.2 


40.3 


40.1 


39.8 


38.8 


37.4 


38.3 


38. 5 


42. 05 


47.2 


35.5 


11.7 


July 13... 


38.8 


39.3 


39.9 


40.3 


40.6 


40.4 


41.0 


42. 2 


43. 8 


49. 2 


:■■<). 50 


49.2 


35.0 


14.2 


July 14... 


38.8 


38.3 


33.3 


38.4 


38.3 


37.8 


37.4 


30. G 


35.7 


35. 


40. 24 


49.2 


33.9 


15.3 


July 15 .. 


33.7 


34.0 


34.4 


35.4 


34.6 


34.4 


35. 2 


35.4 


37.1 


37.4 


33.12 


37.4 


27.1 


10.3 


July 16... 


36.9 


36.9 


37.4 


37.8 


37.8 


37.6 


36.7 


35. 6 


35. 5 


35. 3 


35. 04 


37. S 


31.9 


5. 9 


July 17... 


35.6 


36.6 


37.2 


37.9 


38.5 


37.8 


37.2 


36.1 


37.4 


30.9 


35. 44 


38.5 


32. 8 


5.7 


July 18... 


38.3 


38.3 


38.3 


38.1 


38.1 


38.5 


3S. 8 


39.3 


39.9 


39. 3 


37.06 


39.9 


33.7 


6.2 


July 19... 


51.7 


47.8 


48.0 


48.0 


45. 8 


46.7 


49.0 


48.3 


46.8 


43.7 


44. 00 


51.7 


37.0 


14.7 


July 20... 


46.2 


4G.2 


47.4 


48.7 


48.2 


48.4 


48. 2 


47.2 


47.3 


40.4 


40. 3S 


48.1 


48.7 


0.2 


July 21... 


45.4 


47.0 


47.7 


45.2 


42.7 


43.0 


43.4 


43.8 


45.0 


46. 3 


43. 02 


47.7 


38.3 


9.4 


July 22... 


47.7 


48.0 


48.2 


48.4 


50.0 


51.8 


52. 5 


52.3 


53.7 


50.0 


46.62 


53.7 


40.7 


13.0 


July 23... 


57. 2 


00.8 


00.9 


01.1 


54.4 


53.7 


57. 4 


57. 8 


55.4 


55. 2 


51.21 


61.1 


41.8 


19.3 


July 24... 


G3.7 


G5.3 


05.5 


59.1 


58.3 


55.4 


56. 6 


57. 2 


57.8 


01.0 


50. 46 


05.5 


48.0 


17.5 


Julv 25... 


49.7 


49.2 


50. 8 


53.4 


55.1 


56.0 


57.1 


56. 7 


54.8 


55. 


51.99 


61.3 


43.1 


13.2 


July 26... 


54.2 


54.2 


52. 2 


54.8 


52.7 


52.4 


49.5 


49.4 


47.8 


45.8 


52.19 


55. 2 


43.8 


11.4 




41.0 


42.2 


43.2 


45.0 


42.2 


40.5 


39.0 


37.5 


35. 9 


30. 2 


41. 12 


45. 


35. 


10.0 


July 28... 


37.8 


36.6 


36.4 


37.2 


36.8 


36.4 


30.4 


36.9 


37.3 


30. 8 


35. 95 


37.8 


32.8 


5.0 


July 29... 


41.0 


41.2 


41.8 


43.2 


43.0 


43.0 


42. 8 


43.5 


42.2 


41.8 


38. 80 


43.5 


33.8 


9.7 


Julv 30... 


40. 7 


48. 5 


50. 2 


53. 5 


50.4 


49.2 


50.7 


53.0 


, 53. 


55.2 


44. 25 


"»5 2 


35. S 


19.4 


July 31... 


54.5 


56.0 


56.7 


54.2 


54.2 


54.2 


55.2 


56.8 


58.3 

44. C9 

1 


57.2 
41.47 


53. 89 
43.21 


58.3 


49.0 


9.3 


Sloans . . 


45.11 


1 45. 04 

1 


45.77 


45. 57 


j 44. 80 

1 


44. 42 

1 


44.93 


44.84 


49.01 


j 37. 02 


11.99 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



237 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Vglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above tbc surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


I a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m, 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9a.m. 


10 a. in. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


1 p. HI. 


2 p. ra. 


1882. 
Aug. 1... 


55. 5 


55.2 


55.9 


54.8 


50.2 


49.2 


47.7 


47.7 


48.2 


49.6 


50.3 


50.2 


50.0 


52.0 


Ang. 2... 


42.9 


42.8 


43.0 


43.0 


44.2 


44.7 


44.2 


44.2 


44.4 


44.7 


45.2 


40.9 


49.0 


49.9 


Aug. 3 . . . 


53.7 


53.4 


48.0 


45.2 


43.5 


41.7 


40.7 


40.3 


40.0 


38.6 


38.8 


38.8 


38.8 


38.3 


Aug. 4... 


40.4 


42.7 


38.5 


38.1 


38.3 


39.0 


40.3 


40.9 


41.7 


43.4 


45.8 


47.2 


41.8 


41.4 


Aug. 5 . . . 


32.7 


34.1 


34.0 


34.1 


34.0 


32.5 


32.7 


32.9 


33.7 


34.9 


36.4 


37. G 


38.7 


39.5 


Aug. G... 


40.2 


40.3 


40.2 


40.8 


41.2 


41.9 


43.2 


44.4 


44.7 


45. 5 


49.0 


49.7 


50.7 


53.7 


Aug. 1 ... 


51.8 


50.7 


49.9 


49.0 


43.7 


43.2 


42.8 


42.2 


41.7 


41.9 


41.4 


41 9 


41.2 


41.3 


Aug. S... 


43.8 


41.0 


41.3 


41.0 


40.0 


44.6 


40.1 


40.0 


41.2 


41.2 


43.4 


45.5 


46.2 


48.1 


Aug. 9... 


52.7 


52.0 


51.9 


52.0 


51.2 


50.7 


50.2 


49.7 


49.2 


49.4 


49.4 


48.5 


48.0 


48.7 


Ang. 10 . . . 


33.0 


33.1 


32.7 


33.6 


33.3 


33.3 


34.9 


36.1 


38.3 


40. 3 


41.0 


42.2 


43.4 


43.0 


Aug. 11... 


53.3 


52.0 


50.6 


50.1 


50.2 


50.0 


50.2 


50.2 


50.2 


50.2 


50.2 


51.7 


53.4 


53.2 


Aug. 12 . . . 


57.9 


54.4 


50.0 


50.2 


48.6 


48.2 


47.7 


47.7 


40.8 


46.2 


46.2 


41.2 


39.1 


37.0 


Aug. 13 . . . 


35.1 


35.2 


34.2 


33.1 


32.5 


31.7 


32.0 


31.8 


31.8 


32.0 


32.0 


31.9 


31.0 


31.0 


Aug. 14... 


31.0 


31.3 


30.5 


30.5 


30.3 


30.0 


30.3 


30.3 


31.0 


31.0 


32.0 


32.0 


33.5 


34.0 


Aug. 15 ... 


34.0 


33.7 


33.5 


33.5 


32.7 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


33.1 


33.3 


33.0 


34.4 


34.8 


30.0 


Aug. 10 . . . 


33.9 


32.5 


. 32.3 


32.3 


32.3 


32.0 


32.3 


32.1 


32.1 


32.1 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


34.2 


Aug. 17 . . . 


33.1 


32.5 


32.3 


32.2 


31.8 


31.0 


31.7 


32.2 


32.8 


32.3 


32.4 


32.4 


33.0 


33.0 


Aug. 18... 


33.4 


33.1 


33.3 


32.5 


32.5 


32.1 


31.9 


31.5 


31.8 


32.2 


32.5 


33.2 


33.0 


33.7 


Aug. 10 .. 


34.2 


32.5 


31.4 


30.7 


30.3 


29.9 


30.1 


30.3 


32.5 


35.5 


35.5 


36.2 


37.4 


37.4 


Aug. 20 . . . 


38.1 


37.5 


37.0 


36.9 


36.4 


36.1 


35.4 . 


35.4 


35.0 


35.9 


35.9 


36.6 


37.4 


38.1 


Aug.21 ... 


37.5 


36.5 


35.4 


36.7 


38.3 


37.2 


30.4 


35. 6 


35.2 


34.4 


34.4 


33.7 


33.5 


33.9 


Aug. 22... 


30.4 


30.4 


33.1 


33.3 


33.2 


33.2 


33.0 


33.3 


33.3 


33.5 


35.1 


35.7 


30.4 


37.1 


Aug. 23... 


35.4 


35.4 


35.2 


35.2 


35.2 


34.9 


34.9 


34.6 


35.4 


34.6 


34.7 


34.4 


34.9 


35.4 


Aug. 24 . . . 


36.4 


32.5 


31.1 


31.0 


30.5 


30.9 


31.5 


31.5 


31.5 


31.5 


31.7 


32.8 


32.8 


32.8 


Aug. 25... 


33.5 


32.5 


32.0 


32.3 


32.5 


32.3 


32.3 


32.5 


33.3 


33.1 


33.5 


33.3 


33.3 


33.0 


Aug. 2G... 


33.5 


33.3 


33.3 


• 33.3 


33.3 


33.0 


33.0 


33.2 


32.9 


32.8 


32.5 


32.5 


33.2 


33.5 


Aug. 27 . . . 


31.5 


30.5 


29.0 


28.5 


28.1 


28.2 


28.0 


29.3 


29.6 


29.6 


29.8 


30.5 


30.5 


30.8 


Aug. 28... 


39.4 


28.6 


28.5 


28.2 


28.6 


28.4 


28.1 


27.8 


27.4 


27.6 


29.1 


30.1 


30.5 


30.2 


Aug. 29... 


29.1 


29.0 


28.7 


28.9 


28.8 


28.6 


28.6 


28.8 


29.2 


29.4 


29.6 


30.5 


31.3 


32.0 


Aug. 30 . . . 


31.3 


30.9 


31.3 


30.0 


30.5 


30.5 


30.3 


30.5 


29.6 


29.8 


30.5 


31.3 


32.1 


32.3 


Aug. 31... 


31.3 


32.0 


32.3 


32.3 


32.5 


32.5 


33.0 


33.0 


32.3 


32.3 


32.3 


32.0 


32.2 


32.5 


Means . . 


38.02 


38.01 


37.15 | 


36.90 


36.43 


30.30 


30.15 


36.21 


36.47 


36.74 


37.31 


37.66 


37.88 


38.33 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. in. 


5 p. m. 


p. ra. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m: 


Daily 
moans. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1882. 
Aug. 1... 


52.2 


52.7 


50.3 


48.8 


47.4 


48.2 


46.4 


45.4 


42.6 


42.2 


49.70 


57.6 


40.8 


16.8 


Aug. 2... 


48.7 


48.7 


48.3 


48.0 


47.9 


48.2 


49.9 


50.0 


53.9 


55.1 


46.99 


55.0 


40.7 


14.3 


Aug. 3... 


37.8 


38.3 


38.4 


38.5 


36.7 


36.6 


35.0 


35.2 


36.1 


37.2 


40.42 


56.1 


33.6 


22.5 


Aug. 4... 


41.5 


39.3 


37.1 


35.6 


35.7 


35.8 


36.3 


36.2 


35.1 


34.2 


39.45 


47.5 


33.0 


14.5 


Aug. 5... 


40.1 


41.2 


41.2 


40.4 


39.8 


39.5 


39.6 


39.8 


39.9 


40.0 


37.08 


42.0 


31.7 


10.3 


Aug. 0... 


54.2 


55.2 


56.7 


57.2 


57.0 


56.4 


55.3 


53.5 


53.0 


52.6 


49. 02 


57.5 


39.3 


18.2 


Aug. 7... 


41.2 


42.2 


43.0 


43.9 


43.3 


43.0 


42.7 


42.8 


41.3 


41.1 


43.62 


53.6 


39.6 


14.0 


Aug. 8... 


50.2 


51.4 


53.0 


54.2 


56.0 


50.4 


52.0 


52.5 


52.8 


52.8 


46.84 


56.5 


38.0 


18.5 


Aug. 9... 


50.0 


49.4 


39.8 


37.4 


35.6 


36.2 


35.0 


36.2 


35.8 


34.4 


45. 56 


52.9 


33.2 


19.7 


Aug. 10... 


50.4 


51.5 


52.5 


52.8 


54.3 


55.2 


55.3 


54.4 


54.7 


53.3 


43.91 


56.1 


31.4 


24.7 


Aug. 11... 


54.2 


54.2 


54.0 


55.4 


56.0 


56.8 


56.7 


56.0 


57.7 


55.8 


53.01 


58.1) 


49.0. 


9.9 


Aug. 12... 


37.4 


36.4 


36.1 


36.4 


36.2 


35.5 


35.1 


34.5 


34.8 


35.8 


42.52 


58. 3 


33.3 


25.0 


Aug. 13 . . . 


30.5 


31.0 


30.8 


31.4 


31.5 


31.4 


32.2 


31.9 


32.1 


32.1 


32.09 


35.9 


29.0 


6.9 


Aug. 14... 


34.0 


34.6 


34.0 


34.7 


35.4 


36.4 


30.1 


35.5 


30.0 


35.4 


32.93 


37.3 


29.0 


8.3 


Aug. 15... 


36.1 


37.4 


37.2 


37.2 


36.9 


36.6 


35.4 


35.2 


35.1 


34.2 


34.04 


37.9 


31.5 


6.4 


Aug. 16... 


34.6 


34.9 


36.2 


35.6 


35.2 


34.8 


34.7 


34.7 


34.4 


34.3 


33.54 


30.9 


30.7 


6.2 


Aug. 17 . . . 


33.9 


34.4 


33.8 


34.6 


34.4 


35.2 


34.9 


34.8 


34.0 


34.3 


33.24 


30.1 


30.7 


5.4 


Aug. 18... 


35.4 


36.4 


36.2 


36.0 


36.4 


35.9 


31.9 


35.0 


35.0 


35.0 


33.80 


37.7 


30.8 


6.9 


Aug. 19 . . - 


39.3 


39.8 


40.1 


41.1 


40.3 


40.0 


40.4 


40.3 


40.4 


39.1 


3G. 05 


42.0 


29.0 


13.0 


Aug. 20 . . . 


39.1 


40.3 


40.9 


41.2 


41.0 


40.9 


40.5 


39.4 


40.0 


38.9 


38.10 


42.1 


34.8 


7.3 


Aug.21... 


34.4 


34.9 


38.8 


34.0 


34.7 


34.0 


34.4 


33.8 


34.4 


34.0 


35. 2S 


40.1 


32.3 


7.8 


Aug. 22... 


36.6 


37.5 


37.0 


3G.9 


37.2 


37.6 


37.1 


36.5 


35.2 


35. 4 


35. 42 


38.2 


31.2 


7.0 


Aug. 23... 


35.8 


36.2 


36.4 


36.5 


36.7 


37.1 


36.9 


36.6 


30.2 


34.5 


35. 55 


37.7 


33.5 


4.2 


Aug. 24... 


33.5 


33.6 


34.0 


£4.1 


34.6 


34.7 


34.8 


34.0 


34.2 


33.3 


32.89 


35.9 


29.7 


6.2 


Aug. 25 . . . 


32.9 


33.3 


33.5 


33.8 


33.9 


34.0 


34.0 


33.9 


34.0 


33.7 


3G. IS 


34.0 


31.0 


3.0 


Aug. 26... 


33.5 


32.5 


33.6 


34.7 


35.4 


35.8 


35.6 


35.2 


34.0 


33. 5 


33. 63 


30.2 


30.9 


5.3 


Aug. 27 . . . 


31.5 


31.7 


30.6 


30.3 


29.2 


30.1 


29.8 


29.7 


29.0 


29.6 


29.88 


35.5 


20.6 


8.9 


Aug. 28 . . . 


31.0 


30.9 


32.0 


32.0 


31.8 


31.3 


31.0 


31.5 


30.5 


29.6 


29. 75 


34.0 


31.0 


3.9 


Aug. 29... 


32.6 


33.0 


33.3 


33.5 


33.3 


33.3 


34.0 


34.1 


33.0 


31.9 


31.02 


35.0 


27.3 


7.7 


Aug. 30... 


32.2 


32.1 


32.3 


33.0 


33.5 


33.5 


33.9 


33.0 


32.3 


31.3 


31.61 


35.7 


28.5 


7.2 


Aug. 31... 


33.0 


33.7 


34.0 


34.2 


34.2 


34.2 


34.2 


34.2 


34.2 


34.9 


33.08 


30.1 


29.9 


0.2 


Means .. 


38.98 


30.31 


39.20 


39.18 


39.08 


39.01 


38.75 


38.57 


38.48 


38.07 


37.86 


43.75 


32.93 


10.82 



238 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Table showing the temperature of Hie air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of t!io thermometer above the surface of tho earth, 4 feet. A7aabington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a, m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a, m. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


18S2. 
Sei>t. 1... 


33.5 


34.4 


33.5 


33.5 


32.3 


32.3 


31.3 


30.5 


30.1 


30.0 


29.9 


29.9 


30.1 


30.8 


Sept. 2... 


30.3 


30.1 


29.5 


30.2 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


29. G 


29.3 


29.4 


29.1 


28.5 


28.9 


30.5 


Sept. 3... 


36.2 


35.5 


35.2 


34.9 


34.2 


33.5 


33.7 


33. 3 


33.0 


33.4 


33.5 


33.5 


35.0 


3G.9 


Sept. 4... 


35. 5 


34.5 


33.9 


33.1 


33.5 


33.0 


32.5 


32.7 


33.1 


33.4 


35. 4 


35.6 


37.0 


39.5 


Sept. 5... 


40.4 


37.9 


37. G 


30.4 


35.4 


34.4 


33.9 


33.3 


33.3 J 


33.3 


33.2 


35.0 


36.9 


39.1 


Sept, (i .. 


33, 2 


32.3 


31.3 


31.3 


31.0 


30.1 


29.8 


30.1 


30.1 


30.1 


30.3 


32.3 


32.4 


33.1 


Sept, 7... 


29.8 


30.5 


31.3 


31.7 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.3 


33.3 


33.0 


33. 


33.0 


32.9 


33.2 


Sept, 8 .. 


31.3 


30.3 


29.6 


29.4 


30.1 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.3 


30.3 


29.6 


29.5 


29.6 


29.2 


Sept. 9... 


29 2 


29.0 


28.5 


28.3 


28. 1 


29.4 


2G.4 


25. G 


25. 1 


25.0 


24.8 


25.4 


25.5 


25.4 


Sept, 10... 


27.8 


28. 3 


28.0 


28.6 


28.0 


28.8 


28.8 


28.0 


28.1 


28.4 


28.5 


•29.1 


29.4 


30.2 


Sept, 11... 


30. 4 


30.3 


30.2 


30.1 


29. G 


29.8 


29.0 


29.6 


29. G 


29.3 


29.3 


29. 5 


30.3 


31.3 


Sept. 12... 


30.3 


30.3 


31.1 


30.5 


30.9 


31.3 


31.3 


31.1 


31.0 


30.5 


30.5 


30.7 


31.1 


31.2 


Sept, 13... 


31. 9 


31.7 


32.3 


32.4 


32.5 


32.5 


32. i 


32.3 


32.0 


31.5 


31.0 


31.0 


31.5 


31.7 


Sopt. 14... 


32. 1 


.32.3 


32.4 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.3 


32.3 


31.7 


31.8 


3L3 


31.8 


32.3 


33.1 


Sept, 15... 


28.1 


20.1 


20.3 


27.6 


29.1 


28.0 


26.0 


28.3 


26.6 


27.0 


26.8 


27.9 


28.1 


32.4 


Sept. 1C... 


aai 


30.3 


30.0 


29.6 


29.6 


29.0 


29.4 


29.6 


29.6 


30.1 


30. 3 


31.0 


31.8 


32.3 


Sept. 17... 


29.7 


29.4 


29.3 


29.4 


29. 6 


29.8 


30.4 


30. 5 


31.3 


31.3 


32.2 


32.0 


32. 3 


Sept IS... 


31. S 


32. 2 


32. 4 


32.4 


32.5 


32. 5 


32.0 


31.5 


31.3 


31.2 


30.5 


32.3 


32.4 


32.5 


Sept. 19... 


32. 1 


32. 3 


,..> o 


32.0 


31.5 


31.5 


31. G 


31.3 


31.3 


31.3 


31.3 


31.6 


31.8 


31.9 


Sept. 20... 


30. 5 


31. 2 


30.5 


29.4 


27.8 


27. 6. 


27.4 


20.0 


28.4 


2fi.l 


25. G 


25.8 


25.7 


26.4 


Sept. 21... 


29.4 


29.2 


30. 1 


30.2 


30.2 


30.1 


30.1 


29.8 


29.4 


29.4 


29.4 


29.4 


29.2 


29. 2 


Sept. 22... 


_'-'. '_' 


2S.4 


23.4 


28.4 


28.4 


28.4 


28.3 


2a 1 


28.0 


27.4 


27. 2 


27.0 


27.4 


27.5 


Sept, 23... 


25. 


25.2 


25. G 


25.9 


25.5 


23.4 


25.1 


25. G 


23.6 


20.4 


26.4 


27. G 


27.9 


28.1 


Sept. 24 . . . 


27.4 


27.1 


26.6 


25.8 


25.6 


25.2 


25.2 


25.4 


25.2 


2P.-0 


24.7 


21.9 


24.7 


24.5 


Sept, 25 . . . 


25. (i 


27.0 


20. 9 


27.4 


27.7 


27.6 


26.8 


26.1 


25.7 


25.8 


24.7 


25.4 


25.8 


20.5 


Sept. 26... 


25. K 


20.4 


25.3 


22.7 


23. G 


21.7 


22.9 


24.5 


25.5 


25.- 4 


25.7 


26.0 


27.2 


28.0 


Sept, 27... 


§3.1 


31.0 


31.0 


31.7 


31.6 


31.0 


30.5 


31.0 


31.2 


31.5 


31.4 


31.8 


32.6 


33.0 


Sept. 28... 


35. 7 


35. 


35.5 


35. 5 


34.9 


35.3 


34.4 


34.4 


34.4 


34.1 


35.1 


34.2 


34.0 


34.1 


Sept, 29... 


35. 4 


34. 5 


34.2 


33.6 


33.3 


33. 


33.0 


33.0 


34.2 


35.4 


35.5 


35.3 


35.0 


35. 


Sept. 39 .. 


35.4 


33.9 


32.3 


31.7 


31.5 


32.3 


33.0 


33.3 


33.3 


33.3 


33.7 


34.0 


34.2 


34.1 


Means .. 


31. 1G 


30. 94 


30.74 


30. 54 


30.46 


30.35 


30.05 


30.02 


29.94 


30.00 


29.87 


30. 39 


30.70 


3i:45 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


p. m. 


7 p. in. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 1). m. 


12 p. 1.1. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


188S. 
Sept. 1... 


30. 7 


30.8 


30.8 


31.5 


31. C 


31.4 


31.5 


31.5 


31.3 


31.3 


31.44 


38.4 


28.4 


10.0 


Sept. 2 . . . 


31.6 


33. 5 


34.2 


35.4 


36. G 


38.1 


39.2 


39.3 


40.1 


38.7 


32.67 


40.4 


27.1 


13.3 


Sept, '.',... 


38.0 


39.1 


39.1 


42.5 


42.5 


-43.7 


43.2 


43.2 


41.2 


38.5 


37r20 


44. 6 


31.7 


12.9 


Sept. 4 .. 


42.0 


43.4 


43.2 


40.5 


47.2 


48.7 


49.4 


50.6 


47.6 


49.3 


39.69 


51.3 


30.7 


20.6 


Sept, 5... 


41.8 


42.7 


43.0 


42.9 


43.7 


41.8 


41.0 


39.9 


•39.2 


36.7 


38.03 


48.4 


31.7 


10.7 


Sept. G... 


33. 2 


33.3 


33.3 


33.3 


33.0 


32.5 


32.2 


32.0 


30.5 


30.3 


31.71 


41.1 


28.3 


12.8 


Sept. 7... 


33.0 


34.2 


34.2 


34.2 


33.9 


33.5 


33.5 


32.3 


32.0 


32.0 


32. G8 


36.9 


28.4 


8.5 


Sept. S... 
Sept. 9... 
Sopt. 10... 


27.8 


27.7 


28.0 


27.1 


26.4 


26.0 


27.4 


28.4 


28.0 


28.7 


29.01 


38.6 


24.4 


14.2 


25.5 


25. G 


26.9 


27.8 


2S.4 


28. G 


28.0 


29.1 


28, 6 


28.0 


27.20 


33.3 


24.4 


8.9 


30.4 


30. 8 


31.2 


31.5 


31.5 


32.3 


32.5 


32.4 


31.7 


3L4 


29.90 


34.4 


20.4 


8.0 


Sept. 1.1... 


31.3 


31. G 


31.3 


31.7 


32. 


32. 


32.0 


31.9 


31.0 


30.3 


30.58 


35.7 


27.5 


8.2 


Sept. 12... 


31. 3 


31.5 


31.5 


31.9 


32.5 


32.0 


33.0 


32.9 


31.7 


32.7 


31.37 


36.5 


29.1 


7.4 


Sept. IS... 


32. 


32. 1 


32.3 


32.3 


32.4 


32.0 


31.9 


31.7 


31.8 


31.7 


31.95 


34.6 


29.5 


5.1 


Sei.t. 14'... 


34 9 


34. 4 


34.9 


34.4 


34.2 


34.2 


33.5 


32.5 


31.3 


29.5 


32.70 


30.8 


28.0 


2.8 


Sept. 15-.. 


33.1 


34.0 


34.2 


35.2 


35.1 


35.0 


34.9 


33.5 


32.5 


30.9 


30.33 


35.9 


24.1 


11.8 


Sept, 16... 


32.7 


33.5 


32.5 


32.0 


33.0 


31.3 


31.1 


31.3 


30.9 


30.3 


30. 92 


35.9 


27.6 


8.3 


Sept. 17... 


32.8 


33.1 


33.4 


33.5 


33.5 


33.0 


33.3 


33.4 


32.7 


32.6 


31.01 


35.0 


27.7 


7.3 


Sep!, 13... 


33.0 


33.2 


33.5 


33.7 


33. 5 


33.3 


33.1 


32.9 


32.3 


32.1 


32.42 


35.6 


29.7 


5.9 


Sopt. 19... 


32. 


32. 2 


32.4 


31.5 


30.7 


31.1 


31.7 


31.5 


30.7 


30.5 


31.58 


36.9 


29.2 


7.7 


Sept. 20... 


2G.fi 


26.9 


28.1 


29.4 


30.3 


30.3 


30.6 


30.3 


29.9 


29.5 


28.29 


34.8 


24.1 


10.7 


Sept. 21... 


29.3 


29. 4 


29.4 


29.4 


29.4 


29.0 


28.6 


28.5 


28.3 


28.1 


29.35 


35.5 


26.7 


8.8 


Sept. 22... 


27.4 


27.3 


27.4 


27.6 


27.0 


27.4 


27.3 


27.3 


20.2 


25.4 


27.01 


33.2 


24.1 


9.1 


Sept. 23... 


28.5 


29.2 


30.1 


31.3 


30.7 


29.9 


29.4 


23.9 


28.4 


28.0 


27.49 


33.5 


23.8 


9.7 


Sept. 21... 


24.fi 


25. 9 


27. G 


27.9 


27.6 


27.4 


26.3 


25.7 


25.0 


25.0 


25. 85 


33.7 


22.8 


10.9 


Sept. 25 . . . 


20.4 


20. 3 


27.8 


28.4 


28. G 


28.8 


28.6 


23.6 


28.4 


20.2 


20.96 


31.6 


23.1 


8.5 


Sept. 20 . . 


SO 6 


82.1 


33.5 


33.0 


32. 5 


32.5 


32.6 


31.9 


31.7 


31.9 


28.08 


36.5 


19.5 


17.0 


Sept. 27... 


3S.6 


31.6 


30.2 


36.4 


3G.9 


37.2 


36.7 


80.6 


36.2 


35.7 


33.45 


37.8 


29.3 


8.5 


Sept. 23... 


Si. 2 


30.7 


38.2 


37.2 


37.8 


39.1 


39.3 


37.5 


36.5 


35.9 


35.82 


42.3 


32.8 


9.5 


Sept. 29... 


35.2 


35. 3 


35. 4 


35.6 


35.6 


35.0 


30.3 


35.9 


35.7 


35.6 


34.88 


41.3 


31.8 


9.5 


Sept, 30... 


SS.O 


33. 2* 


32.5 


32.5 


32.3 


32.3 


32.3 


32,5 


32.5 


32.8 


33.03 


38.3 


31.2 


7.1 


Mea«s . . 


§193 


32. 45 


32. 94 


33. 23 


33.31 


33.34 


33.87 


33.15 


32. 40 


31. 99 


31.40 


37.43 


27.44 


9 99 



• Interpolated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



239 



Tahlr nhouiiafj fJie temperature of the air at Uglaamiefrom October, 1881 , to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Uuinlii of ttto'tHermouietiT above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to moan local-time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



D.-tc. 


1 a.m. 


'2 a. m. 


3 :i. in. 


4 a. in , 


5 a. m. 


(i a. in. 


7 a. in. 


S a. in. 


9 a. ni. 


10 a. in. 


1! a. m. 


12 in. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


1882. 






























Oct I.... 




32. 9 


32. 6 


32. 7 


32.0 


33. 2 


33. 8 


33. 


34. 


35.0 


3,4. 6 


34.8 


35.1 


35.5 


Oct. '-■ ... 


■;T ■> 


37.5 


37. 9 


37. 5 


37. 4 


38.5 


38.4 


37.0 


37.2 


37. 4 


37. 


36.8 


37.1 


37.4 


Oct. :: ... 


si a 


31.4 


30. 3 


30. 3 


30. 1 


29. 6 


29.4 


28.7 


27.9 


•J 7. 5 


20. !) 


20.4 


26.1 


20. 3 


Oct. 4 .... 


25 t; 


25. (i 


25. 3 


25. 1 


25. 1 


25. 1 


24. 9 


24.7 


24. 4 


24.2 


23. 7 


23. 4 


22. 9 


23. 


Oct. 5.... 


22. 5 


21.8 


20. 


19, ■ 


20. 


19.0 


19.0 


19.8 


19.2 


19.0 


20. 1 


20.4 


20. 5 


20.6 


Oct. 0.... 


20. 3 


20. 2 


20. 3 


20. II 


20.0 


20.1 


19.7 


19. G 


19.0 


19.5 


19.5 


19.1 


18.8 


18.7 


Oct. 7... 


18. ti 


18.0 


18.7 


18.7 


18.7 


19.0 


19.3 


19.0 


19.4 


] 9. 3 


19.3 


19.4 


19.0 


19.8 


Oct. 8 


18. C 


18.4 


18.4 


18.5 


17.8 


17.2 


16.8 


1G.G 


10.3 


10. 1 


10.5 


16.5 


10.3 


10. 5 


Oct !).... 


15.0 


15.0 


15.4 


15.2 


15.0 


15.1. 


15.2 


15.3 


15.4 


14.9 


14.8 


14.7 


14.7 


14.8 


Oct 10 ... 


13.7 


13.9 


14.4 


13.5 


12.4 


12.1 


12.1 


10.3 


9.8 


9.1 


8.5 


9.1 


G.4 


0.9 


Oct. u... 


8.4 


0. t 


8.1 


7.8 


0.2 


0.2 


0.0 


0.7 


7.0 


0.7 


7.2 


8. 3 


8.5 


8. 4 


Oct. 12.... 


B. 2 


0.2 


0.9 


7. 7 


8.0 


8.7 


9.1 


8.8 


9.0 


0.1 


5.3 


3.7 


4.5 


4.7 


Oct 13 ... 


C. 3 


4.2 


4.2 


5.8 


5. 2 


5.0 


5.1 


4.4 


3.4 


0.6 


— (I. 5 


— 1.1 


- 1.9 


— 1.5 


Oct It... 


4.4 


3. 5 


3.9 


3. 1 


2.5 


3.2 


1.0 


1.4 


1.1 


0.4 


— 0.9 


3.0 


3.4 


5. 5 


Oct. if. ... 


3.2 


3. 2 


2.7 


2.0 


3.0 


2.7 


1.8 


1.2 


0.2 


1.0 


9.7 


0.G 


0.5 


2. 1 


Oct. It) 


2. 2 


— 2.4 


1.2 


3. 


G. 


6. 5 


0.7 


5.1 


4.2 


4.2 


4.2 


3.4 


1.0 


0.4 


Oct. 17.... 


:.'. 2 


3. 


2.4 


1.7 


1.0 


1.4 


3.4 


2. 5 


2. 3 


I.G 


1.0 


1.6 


— 0.7 


0.4 


Oct. 18 ... 


3.1 


3.4 


4.3 


4.9 


5.3 


5. 7 


5. ■! 


5.3 


5.0 


5. 


4.9 


5.1 


0.0 


0.7 


Oct in ... 


5,1 


5.8 


0.7 


6.1 


6. 


5.7 


5.4 


4.8 


4.9 


5. (' 


5. 


4.2 


3.4 


3.. 1 


Oct 20.... 


4.3 


3.9 


4.2 


4.9 


5.1 


5.9 


3.4 


3. 5 


4.2 


4.2 


4.5 


4.4 


4.2 


4 2 


Oct. 21.... 


2.11 


2.0 


3.4 


2.0 


2.1 


n.l 


— 1.4 


— 2. 1 


- 2.1 


- 2. 3 


o_ »J 


— 0. 5 


- 1.0 


— 1. 1 


Oct. 22 ... 


4.2 


5.8 


5.4 


5.3 


5.5 


0.0 


G.2 


0.2 


0.0 


4.5 


~\. 2 


2.9 


2.4 


1.4 


Oct 23 ... 


9.0 


7.!) 


— 7.8 


— 0. 


- G.2 


— G.O 


— 5.3 


- 4.2 


- 4. 5 


r o 


,-, ■_■ 


— 4. 5 


- 4.2 


— 0.0 


Oct.. 24.... 


0. 5 


1). G 


1.1 


1.4 


1.0 


0.4 


0.4 


0.2 


0.2 


0.0 


0.3 


— 0. 4 


- 0.0 


■ — 0. 5 


Oct. 25... 


2.1 


2. 1 


2.1 


1.8 


1.8 


1.7 


2.1 


2.2 


2. 5 


2. 5 


2. G 


2.7 


2.5 


2. G 


Oct. 2ii.... 


3. 2 


2.9 


2. 3 


1.1 


— 0.1 


— 1.2 


— 1.9 


- 1.7 


— 2.5 


— 2.9 


— 3.4 


- 3.9 


— 3. 2 


— 3.0 


Oct. 27.... 


— 4. 5 


— 0.1 


— 0.9 


— 7.1 


— 7.2 


— 7. 5 


— 8.0 


— 9.3 


— 9.3 


— 9.1 


— 8.4 


- 8.5 


— 8.5 


— 8. 5 


Oct. 28 ... 


—11.0 


—14.7 


—10.4 


— 8.2 


7 7 


— 5. 8 


— 4. 5 


— 4.4 


— 4.2 


— 3.9 


— 2.1 


— 1.2 


— 1.1 


— 0.7 


Oct. 29.... 


— 5. ,J 


— 4.0 


— 7.2 


— 9.6 


— a o 


—13. 2 


—14.9 


—10.7 


— 17.3 


—17.3 


—10.2 


—14.8 


—1.4. 7 


—14.0 


Oct. 30 ... 


— 0.2 


1.4 


2.9 


3.3 


G.O 


8.1 


8.7 


7.7 


1.4 


— 1.4 


— 3.1 


— 1.0 


0.4 


.- '1 


Oct,31.._. 


16'. 


17.2 


10.9 


10.9 


17.3 


17.0 


17.4 


15.8 


14.4 


13.9 


14.5 


15.3 


19.0 


is! 8 


HciUH ..! 


9. .31 


0.39 


9.05 


9.05 


9.07 


9.04 


8.90 


S.49 


S.05 


7. CG 


7.19 


7.71 


7.71 


6.17 


Date. 


S }>• m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p.m. 


(i p.m. 


7 p. ni. 


Sp.m. 


p. ill. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


liaijy 
Means. 


Max. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1S82. 






























Oct. !.... 


35. G 


37.2 


36.9 


37.0 


37.2 


37.2 


38.7 


37.8 


30.5 


36.1 


35.19 


39.5 


31. G 


7.9 


Oct. 2 ...' 


ST. 7 


37.9 


37.9 


38.1 


38.1 


37.9 


37. 6 


36.9 


36.5 


32.5 


37. 33 


40.7 


31.0 


9. 1 


Oct. :; ... 


26.0 


20. 7 


26.0 


26.4 


26.3 


26.3 


26.6 


26.3 


26.2 


26.2 


27.77 


37.3 


24.4 


12.9 


Oct. 4 ... 


23. 2 


23.4 


23.5 


23.5 


23.4 


23.2 


23.4 


23.3 


23.0 


22.9 


24.00 


31.8 


21.4 


10.4 


Oct. 5....| 


20. 8 


20.5 


20.7 


20.7 


20.5 


20.5 


20.5 


20.3 


20.3 


20.3 


20. 39 


29.0 


17.8 


11.2 


Oct. t; ...1 


18.6 


18.0 


19.1 


19.1 


18. 6 


18.6 


18. 9 


18.9 


18.9 


18.8 


19.35 


26.2 


17.1 


9.1 


Oct. 7...J 


20.3 


20. 5 


20.5 


20.9 


21.0 


20.7 


19.5 


19.0 


18.1 


18.5 


19.46 


23.0 


1G. 8 


0.2 


Oct 8 : 


10. 7 


1G.7 


10.7 


10.8 


1G.9 


10.8 


1G.9 


1G.7 


16. 


15.8 


1&94 


25. 2 


14 5 


10.7 


Oct; '■> 


14.8 


14.9 


15.5 


15.5 


15.2 


14.9 


14.7 


15.0 


14.4 


14.4 


15.05 


24 4 


12.8 


8.0 


Oct. 10.... 


7. 7 


7.9 


9.1 


9.7 


10.0 


9.9 


9.7 


9.2 


8.9 


8.8 


10.13 


20.8 


5.3 


15. 5 


Oct. 11.... 


0.5 


5.7 


5.5 


5.7 


5. 7 


5.3 


5.7 


5. 7 


5.8 


G.O 


0.80 


10.2 


3.2 


7.0 


Oct. 12....: 


4.5 


5.6 


7.0 


7.0 


5.1 


4.2 


3.4 


3.1 


5.3 


G.O 


G. 00 


11.4 


0.8 


10.0 


Oct. 13..'..] 


— 2.0 


— 0.5 


4.4 


4.6 


4.7 


4.4 


4.4 


3.8 


3.8 


4.5 


2.97 


14 4 


— 4.2 


18.0 


Oct. 14....! 


7.8 


8.9 


10.0 


9.5 


7.0 


6.8 


0.2 


5.3 


5.3 


G.O 


4.55 


9.8 


— 0. 8 


10.0 


Oct. IS.. .J 


3.3 


4.0 


3.4 


3.2 


2.5 


1.8 


— 0.7 


— 3.0 


— 0.7 


— 0.2 


1. Go 


12.2 


5 j 


17.5 


Oct. it;....! 


2.1 


43 


4.4 


4.4 


4.4 


4.8 


7.2 


7.0 


5.8 


4.3 


3.78 


11.4 


— 4^6 


10.0 


Oct. 17....! 
; 


2.4 


2.5 


2.9 


2.7 


2.3 


1.8 


2.8 


2.0 


2.5 


4.8 


2.15 


12.7 


— 3.5 


16.2 


Oct 18 ... 


0.4 


0.3 


0.4 


5.7 


5.1 


4.0 


4.8 


5.0 


5.0 


5. 2 


5. 23 


G.O 


1.4 


5.5 


Oct. 19... J 


3.0 


3.0 


4.7 


4.9 


5.1 


5.1 


5.4 


5.9 


5 


4.5 


5.00 


6.7 


1. 


5.1 


Oct.. 20.... 


4.3 


4.5 


5.1 


6.2 


7.0 


G.7 


5.7 


4.7 


3.0 


3.9 


4.65 


7.0 


1.5 


5. 5 


Oct.. 21.... 1 


— 0.0 


0.4 


1.4 


1.8 


2.1 


2.1 


0.3 


2.5 


2. 2 


3.1 


0.08 


4.9 


— 4.9 


9.8 


Oct. 2» ...] 


8.4 


— 0.3 


— 1.0 


— 3.2 


— G.O 


— 7.5 


— 5.3 


— G.7 


— 7.5 


— 7.9 


0.89 


8.3 


—10.0 


18.3 


Oct. 23 . . .] 


— 2.1 


— 5.7 


— G.O 


— 6.7 


- 0.9 


'— 2.5 


— 2.7 


— 1.0 


— 0.3 


0.2 


— 3.24 


— 0.2 


12. 2 


12.0 


Oct. 24 . . . . 


0.0 


0.5 


0.0 


0.0 


0.5 


0.9 


i!o 


1.5 


1.7 


2.0 


0.03 


2.0 


— 2^4 


4.4 


g.O 


3. 3 


3.0 


3.9 


3.7 


3.0 


2.9 


2.4 


2.4 


2.0 


2.60 


3.5 


0.0 


3.5 


Oct. 2S..-.J 
Oct. »<7..-. 


— 2.0 


— 2. 3 


— 2.4 


— 1.9 


— 1.7 


— 1.7 


— 1.1 


— 1.3 


— 1. 5 


— 1.9 


— 1. 30 


3.0 


— 6.1 


9.1 


— 8.0 


— 8.2 


— 7. 7 


— 9.3 


—10.6 


—10.5 


—13.1 


—14.7 


—14.8 


—15. 2 


— 9.21 


— 0.7 


—19.1 


18.4 


Oct. 28.-..! 


— 0. 3 


-0.2 


— 0.5 


— 0.3 


— 0.2 


0.3 


0.9 


0.4 


o o 


— 5.3 


— 3. 76 


2. 2 


—19.3 


21. 5 


Oct. 20... J 


— 11. « 


— 9.5 


-0.1 


— 5. 3 


— 4.1 


— 3. 2 


— 3.0 


— 1.7 


— 4 3 


— 0.9 


— 9.28 


— 4 3 


-21.8 


20. 5 


Oct. 31)...? 


10.8 


14.4 


1 0. 2 


20.1 


19.8 


19.1 


17.0 


10.8 


18.2 


19.2 


8.09 


20.4 


— 5.6 


20. 


Oct. »i...? 

i 
Meaaa . .' 

< 


18.6 


18.0 


17.0 


10.6 


10.3 


15.8 


15. 1 


14.8 


14. 5 


14.0 


iS, 46 


21.5 


12.5 


0.0 


3. 61 


9.03 


9.(55 


9. G4 


9.30 


9.29 


9. 10 


S. 92 


8.79 


8.07 


8.77 


14.88 


.1.05 


11.83 



240 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Tabic showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the therroemeter above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes. J 



Date. 


1 a.m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. in. 


6 a.m. 


7 a.m. 


S a.m. 


a.m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


' * 1882. 






























Nov. 1 ... 


13.7 


12.1 


12.8 


13.1 


11.8 


8.7 


8.0 


11.0 


12.0 


11.5 


9.8 


G.2 


5.9 


5.7 


Nov. 2... 


— 2.9 


3.0 


5.4 


5.1 


7.4 


S.O 


7.7 


7.3 


7.3 


7. 2 


5.9 


1.6 


— 1.2 


— 4.8 


Nov. 3 ... 


— CO 


— 4.3 


— 4.2 


— 4.0 


— 2.2 


— 1.8 


— 1.4 


— 3.0 


— 3.9 


— 4^0 


— 4.9 


— 5.0 


— 4.9 


— 4.8 


Nov. 4 ... 


— 2.4 


— 3.4 


— 3.8 


— 3.0 


— 2.5 


— 2.3 


— 2.5 


— 3.0 


— 4.3 


— CO 


— 5.0 


— 5.9 


— 6.1 


— 4.9 


Nov. 5 ... 


— 5.0 


— 5.2 


— 5.6 


— 5.2 


— 4.5 


— 5.4 


— 5.0 


— 5.3 


— 5.1 


— 4.4 


— 4.0 


- 3.8 


— 4.9 


— 5.3 


Nov. . . . 


— 3.1 


— 3.8 


— 4.0 


— 4.9 


— 5.8 


— 7.1 


— 8.2 


— 8.0 


— 8.G 


— S.7 


— 7.5 


— 7.8 


— 7.1 


— 7.4 


Nov. 7 ... 


— 4.0 


— 3.8 


— 3.8 


— 3.0 


— 3.4 


— 3.2 


— 5.1 


— 3.8 


— 4.0 


— 4.9 


— 0.0 


— 6.8 


— 7. 5 


— 7.9 


Nov. 8 ... 


— 7.C 


— 7.4 


— 6.6 


— 5.4 


— 4.9 


— 4.2 


— 1.9 


— 0.2 


1.1 


1.2 


0.6 


0.6 


0.1 


-0.5 


Nov. 9 ... 


1.2 


1.6 


1.2 


0.4 


2.1 


3.4 


4.0 


5.7 


8.9 


9.9 


11.0' 


12.0 


13.0 


13.8 


Nov. 10 ... 


28.0 


27.9 


26.4 


26.6 


26.4 


20.0 


20.7 


20.3 


25.8 


27.4 


24.5 


22.4 


19.0 


14.2 


Nov. 11 ... 


C.6 


5.9 


5.1 


5.5 


0.3 


6.8 


0.2 


5.1 


4.4 


2.9 


1.4 


— 0.5 


— 1.2 


— 2.0 


Nov. 12 ... 


—12.6 


—13.9 


—14.7 


—16.7 


—17.7 


—18.7 


—20.1 


-21.0 


-21.0 


—21.2 


—21.0 


—21.2 


—21.4 


—21.1 


Nov. 13 ... 


—25.3 


—24.9 


—25.8 


—25.9 


—26.1 


—25. 9 


, 05. 2 


-25.7 


— 25. S 


—24.8 


—'24.0 


—24.2 


—24.3 


—24.6 


Nov. 14 ... 


— 24. C 


—24.8 


—25.2 


—24.7 


—25.9 


—25. 8 


— 2o!o 


-27.2 


—28.6 


—28. 3 


—29.8 


—29.2 


—29.5 


-29.1 


Nov. 15... 


—30.5 


—30.0 


—30.3 


—29. 5 


—30.0 


—29.1 


—28.9 


-27.1 


—25.9 


—20. 5 


—20. 


— 24. G 


—23.0 


22.1 


Nov. 16... 


—18.9 


—18.6 


—18.8 


—19.9 


—18.7 


—18.4 


—18.6 


-19.4 


—18.5 


—19.1 


—18.5 


—18.4 


—18.3 


— is! 5 


Nov. 17 ... 


—12.5 


—13.0 


—12.1 


—12.0 


—11.2 


—10.2 


— 9.0 


— 8.9 


— 8.5 


— 9. 3 


— 7.9 


— 9.3 


— 9.5 


— 8.2 


Nov. 18 ... 


— 5.4 


— 6.0 


— 7.3 


— 6.3 


— 0.3 


— 7.0 


— 7.9 


— 8.8 


— 9.1 


— 8.5 


— 7.8 


— 8.4 


— 9.2 


— 9.5 


Nov. 19 ... 


—10.4 


— 9.7 


—10.0 


— 9.7 


—10.0 


—10.0 


— 9.8 


— 9.9 


—10.2 


— 9.7 


— 8.G 


— 7.5 


— 7.0 


— 7.7 


Nov. 20 ... 


— 5.1 


— 6.5 


— 7.9 


— 8.6 


— 8.2 


— 8.4 


— 8.8 


— 8.7 


— 8.7 


— 9.0 


— 6.7 


— 4.2 


— 3.1 


-2.5 


Nov. 21... 


— 6.6 


— 5.2 


— 4.2 


— 4.9 


— 4.9 


— 4.7 


— 4.0 


— 2.3 


22 


— 2.4 


— 2.4 


— 2.5 


-1.7 


— 1.2 


Nov. 22 ... 


2.9 


C.2 


11.0 


11.7 


12.7 


12.4 


12.2 


9.8 


8.7 


8.3 


7. 5 


G.7 


5.1 


3.6 


Nov. 23 ... 


— 0.7 


— 0.3 


0.3 


0.4 


— 1.9 


— 1.7 


— 0.7 


— 1.7 


— 2.5 


— 3.1 


— 3.1 


— 3.1 


— 3.2 


— 3.3 


Nov. 24 ... 


— 8.6 


— 8.8 


— 0.7 


— 4.0 


— 3.8 


— 3.2 


— 3.2 


— 4.0 


— 6.2 


— CO 


— 6.8 


— 8.8 


—10.8 


—10.9 


Nov. 25 ... 


— 1.6 


— 4.3 


— 7.0 


— 9.2 


—10.0 


—11.7 


—12. 1 


—12.3 


—12. G 


—13.0 


—12.8 


—12.1 


—12. 


—12.0 


Nov. 28 ... 


—11.4 


—14.7 


—16.7 


—18.8 


—19.3 


—18.5 


—19.2 


—18.6 


—17.5 


—18.1 


—18.4 


—18.4 


—18.5 


—18.2 


Nov. 27 ... 


— 9.5 


— 7.9 


— 6. G 


— C. 9 


— 7.3 


— 7.5 


— 7.8 


— 9.3 


-10.0 


—11.8 


—12.1 


—11.7 


—11.3 


—11.0 


Nov. 28 ... 


—12.8 


—14.5 


—13.3 


—11.7 


—11.5 


—11.3 


—10.6 


—10.2 


—10.0 


— 8.9 


— 7.7 


— 7.6 


— 8.9 


— 9.5 


iNov.29 ... 


—10.5 


—10.6 


—10.2 


— 9.7 


—10.2 


—10.4 


—10.5 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—11.0 


—11.5 


— 9.5 


-9.1 


-- 9.4 


Nov. 30 ... 


— 7.5 


— 7.1 


— 6.6 


— 0.3 


— 6.9 


— 7.5 


— 7.1 


— 5.8 


— G. 


— 7.0 


— 6.7 


— 4.6 


— 3.6 


— 3.3 


Means .- 


— 6.42 


— 6.38 


— 6.31 


— 6.27 


— 0.24 


— 6.27 


— 0.36 


— 0.37 


— G.42 


— 0.00 


— C.G6 


— 6.85 


— 7.16 


—•7.41 


Date. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


i) p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


Mas. 


Min. 


Diff. 


1882. 






























Nov. 1 ... 


3.4 


— 0.6 


— 2.1 


— 3.2 


— 2.0 


— 1.7 


8.0 


5.1 


2.5 


— 1.2 


0.25 


15.4 


— 6.5 


21.9 


Nov. 2... 


— 5.8 


— 5.2 


— 5.2 


— 3.8 


— 4.9 


— 5.2 


— 0.2 


— 6.S 


— 7.0 


— 7.1 


0.02 


7.7 


— 9.8 


17.5 


Nov. 3 ... 


— 4.8 


— 4.5 


— 3.0 


— 3.2 


— 2.1 


— 1.9 


— 1.0 


— 1.4 


■*■ 2.1 


— 3.0 


— 3.39 


— 0.0 


— 9.2 


8.0 


Nov. 4 . . . 


— 3.9 


— 3.2 


— 3.2 


— 4.9 


— 5.3 


— 5.3 


— 5.0 


— 4.8 


— 4.2 


— 4.9 


— 4.18 


— 1.6 


— 9.7 


8.1 


Nov. 5 ... 


— 5.3 


— 5.2 


— 5.1 


— 5.1 


— 4.9 


— 4.7 


— 4.2 


— 4.7 


— 4.0 


— 4.1 


— 4.88 


— 4.0 


— 8.7 


4.7 


Nov. ... 


— 7.4 


— 6.9 


— 6.9 


-6.7 


— 7.3 


— 7.2 


— 0.3 


— 5.3 


— 4.4 


— 4.2 


— 6.47 


— 3.2 


—11.7 


8.5 


Nov. 7 ... 


— 9.5 


— 9.7 


— 8.9 


— 8.7 


—11.2 


— 8.9 


— 8.0 


— 8.0 


— 8.2 


— 7. G 


— 6.58 


— 4.2 


—13.3 


9.1 


Nov. 8 ... 


— 1.7 


— 1.9 


— 1.6 


— 0.5 


0.1 


0.8 


1.1 


2.0 


2.5 


2.7 


— 1.32 


2.8 


—10.6 


13.4 


Nov. 9... 


14.9 


14.7 


14.7 


15.3 


16.6 


18.0 


19.7 


21.1 


23.5 


25. 


11.35 


25.5 


— 1.2 


26.7 


Nov. 10 . . . 


12.7 


11.1 


11.0 


9.9 


9.5 


8.9 


8.8 


8.7 


7.3 


0.8 


18.48 


28.8 


5.8 


23.0 


Nov. 11 . . . 


— 2.8 


— 4.2 


— 5.8 


-6.9 


— 7.9 


— 7.9 


— 8.0 


— 9. 7 


—10.2 


—10.9 


— 0.93 


10.5 


—14.2 


24.7 


Nov. 12 ... 


—21.0 


—21.0 


—20.8 


—22.5 


—23. 1 


—23.8 


—22.9 


—23.0 


—23.0 


—22.8 


—20. 26 


—10.4 


—27. 5 


17.1 


Nov. 13 ... 


—25.4 


—25.6 


—23.8 


—24.7 


—24.7 


—23.8 


—24.3 


—24.0 


—24.7 


—24.7 


—24. 98 


—21.2 


—31.1 


9.9 


Nov. 14 ... 


—29.0 


—29.1 


—29.1 


—23.0 


—28. 7 


—29.6 


—30.7 


—30.0 


—30.5 


—29.4 


—23.12 


—23. 5 


—35.5 


12.0 


Nov. 15 . . . 


—21.0 


—21.1 


—19. 


—19.9 


—20.3 


—20.8 


21. 2 


—19.7 


—19.4 


—18.4 


—24. 40 


—19.4 


—35. 2 


15.8 


Nov. 10 ... 


—18.4 


-17.3 


—17.8 


—17.3 


—14.0 


—12.8 


—11.7 


-11.7 


—12.5 


—12. 1 


—17. 03 


—12. 2 


—24.0 


11.8 


Nov. 17 ... 


— 7.9 


— 7.9 


— 7.9 


— 8.2 


— 8.2 


— 8.4 


— 8.3 


— 8.4 


— 8.4 


— 7.3 


— 9.30 


— 7.5 


—16. 5 


9.0 


Nov. 18 . . . 


—10.2 


—10.0 


— 9.8 


—10.2 


-10.4 


—10.0 


—10.0 


—10.2 


—11.1 


—10.8 


— 8.7S 


— 5.5 


—14.5 


9.0 


Nov. 19 ... 


— 8.4 


— 9.0 


— 9. 5 


— 9.5 


- 9.1 


— 8.9 


— 8.6 


— 0.6 


— 5.1 


— 4.3 


— 8.72 


— 4.3 


—14.2 


9.9 


Nov. 20 . . . 


— 2.2 


— 2.4 


— 3.2 


— 3.0 


— 3.2 


— 5.1 


— 5.7 


— 0.1 


- 0.9 


— G. 5 


— 5.8G 


— 2.2 


—12. 


9.8 


Nov. 21 . . . 


— 1.4 


— 1.8 


— 3.2 


— 3.0 


— 3.0 


— 2.8 


— 1.7 


— 1.2 


0.0 


2.3 


— 2.G8 


1.3 


-9.5 


10.8 


Nov. 22 ... 


3.9 


4.3 


2.4 1 


0.8 


1.3 


1.1 


0.7 


0.2 


— 0.4 


— 1.2 


5.50 


12.8 


— 4.8 


17.6 


Nov. 23 ... 


3, 2 


— 3.2 


— 2.8 


— 3.0 


— 3.2 


— 9.1 


—11.8 


—13.0 


—13.3 


—11.2 


— 4.10 


0.4 


—18.4 


18.8 


Nov. 24 . . . 


— ll! 9 


—14.3 


—15.4 


—16.2 


—16.2 


-16.5 


—17.4 


—15.7 


— 4.0 


— 1.0 


— 9.21 


— 1.5 


—21. 5 


20.0 


Nov. 25 . . . 


— 11. 9 


—11.8 


—11.7 


—11.4 


-11.9 


—11.9 


—11.9 


—11. 5 


—11.4 


—11.0 


—10. S2 


— 1.2 


— 10. 


15.4 


Nov. 2G . . . 


— 17. C 


—16.5 


—15.8 


—15.6 


—15.5 


—14. 3 


-13.8 


—12.3 


—11.5 


—10.4 


—10. 23 


—10.2 


—24.1 


13.9 


Nov. 27 ... 


—10.5 


—10.8 


—11.5 


—10.4 


—10.4 


—11.3 


—11.5 


—12.1 


-13.1 


—12.7 


—10. 21 


— 7.3 


—10.6 


9.3 


Nov. 28 ... 


— 9.3 


— 9.0 


— 9.5 


— 9.1 


— 9.1 


— 8.8 


— 8.5 


— 9.1 


—10.0 


—10.5 


—10. 00 


— 8.0 


—18.2 


10.2 


Nov. 29 . . . 


— 9.5 


— 9. 6 


— 9.5 


— 9.1 


— 9.1 


— 8.9 


— 7.7 


— 0.9 


— G.7 


— G. G 


— 9.55 


— 0.4 


—14. 8 


8.4 


Nov. 30 . . . 


— 5.1 


— 7.6 


— 9.3 


— 9.1 


— 9.1 


— 0.3 


-10.4 


— 8.6 


— 8.1 


— C.3 


— 7.04 


— 3.2 


-12.8 


9.6 


Means . . 


— 7. 07 


— 7.89 


— 8. 13 


— 8.20 


- 8.28 


— 8.30 


— 7.99 


— 7.85 


— 7.48 


— 7. 09 


— 7.12 


-1.75 


-15. 23 


13.48 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW. ALASKA. 



2-11 



Tabic showing Hie tcmpcratvrt of the air at T gJaamiefrom October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height ol'tlie Lbermouiete. abovi the surface oi ibccartli, 4 JV-it. Washington mean time. Coirection to lednci to mi an local time, — a 

17 minutes ] ' 



Date. 



1882. 

Due. 1.. 

Dec 3.. 
Dec. 4.. 

Dee. G.. 

Dec. :.. 

Dec-. 8.. 
Dec. 0.. 
Dec. 10.. 
Dec. 11.. 



Dec. 12 .- 
Dec. 13... 
Dec.14... 

Dee. i." ... 
Dee. 10... 



1 a. in. 



2 a. in. 



:> a. iii. ! a. ra. 5 a. m. 



(la.m. 7 a. in. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a. re. 11a.m. 12 m. I p.. m. 2 | -. 



Dee. 17... 
Dec. 18.. . 
Dee. 19... 
Dec. 20... 
Dec. 21... 

Dee. 22. . . 
Dec. 23... 
Dec. 24 .. 
Dec. 25... 
Dec. 20... 

Dec, 27... 
Dec 28... 
Dec. 29... 

Dec. 30... 
Dec. 31... 



— CO 

— 8. 9 

— 3.4 
—12. 1 

—12.7 

— 4.9 
-21. 5 
— 18. C 
—20. 5 
—11.2 

—16.4 

—20.0 
—14.1 
—13.8 
— 24.3 

—18.fi 
—19.1 
—23. 3 

—19. 5 
—15.7 

—22. 8 
—27. 2 
— 25. S 
—32. 

-17. 5 

-14.1 

— 12. S 

1.2 

—31.6 

21. 2 



— 0.7 

— 9.2 

— 3.0 

— 12. G 

—12.:; 

-12.1 

-5.1 
-21.5 

— io.fi ; 

—20.0 

—10. 8 

— 17. G 
—10.0 
—14.8 

—Hi. 2 

-24.9 

—IS. 4 
—19.4 
—24. 5 
-18.0 
-1G.9 

—23. 3 
—27.7 
— 2C. 7 

-30. rr 

— 1G.9 

— 14. G 
—14. 5 
2.3 
—.11.7 
—21. 



Means ..I — 10. S2 ! —17.07 

! ! 



— 0.4 

—10.2 

— 2.4 
—11.5 
—12.4 
—11.1 

— C. 2 
—21.9 

-20. :: 
-20.8 

- 9.5 

-17.7 
-18. 2 
-16.0 

-10. 



-18. i 
-20.3 
-24. 8 

-18.1 
-10. G 

-23.2 
-27.7 
-27. 
-29. 9 
-1G. 9 

-14.7 
-16.3 
2. 5 
-3l! 5 
-21.0 



— 5. 8 

— 9.7 

— 2.1 
—12.8 

— 12. S 
—111.2 

— G. 7 
—21.2 

—20. 5 
—20.9 

— 8. n 

— 17.0 
—17. :. 

—10. 4 
—25. 1 

—IS. 7 
—22. 

—24.il 
—18.4 
— 13. S 

—23. 1 
—27.7 

27. 2 

— ^s 
—10.9 

—14.9 
— 15. G 

3.2 

—32, j 
—21.0 



— t>. _i 

— 10. G 

— 2. 2 
—13.2 
—13.0 
—10. 

—21.0 

—21. 'J 
—20.8 

— 7. 5 

—17.9 
—16.4 
—17.8 
—14.5 

—25.7 

-19.2 
—23. 4 
—23. 8 
—19.7 
—13.1 

—22.9 
— 27. S 
27. 2 

— ie! 5 

—10. 9 

-15.8 
—15.9 
2.8 
—33. G 
— 20. S 



5. 1 



— ::. (i 

—12.11 



2, :; 



-19. 9 —11.5 —12.11 —11.9 

- 4. 5 — 6. a — 7. 7 — 8. 4 
-13.0 —12.:; —11.0 —10.6 
-13.6 —12.6 —13.2 —14.2 

- 9. 7 — 9. 5 ' —10. — S. 4 



—11 


R 


— 7 


9 


— in 


j 


—14 


5 


— 


S 



—11.7 

— 9.3 
—10.4 

— ! 1.7 

— 5. G 



- S. 2 
-20.1 

-21.4 

-2". 1 
-7.0 

-18.8 
-15. 4 
-18.3 
-13.8 



-19. S 
-23.1 
-24. 3 
-10. G 
-13.0 

-22. 4 
-27. 7 
-28. 
-25. 1 
-15.7 



— 9.7 
—19.0 
—21.5 
—19.8 

— 7.1 

—20. 8 
—15. 2 
—19.5 
—13.8 

—24. 7 

— 19. 6 

—17! 3 

—13. 

-22. 1 
—27. 
— 2S. S 
—24. 
—15. 4 



-10.9 , — 1G. 9 

-10.4 — 17. G 

2. 5 — 7. 1 

-:;!.«> -35.1 

-20.0 —19.4 



—10.5 

—18.4 
—2!.n 
—19.7 
- 7.0 

—20. 1 
—15.0 
—2'). 1 
— 12. S 
—23. 7 

jo. 2 

—22.0 
—22. 4 
—19.0 
—13.2 



-27. 1 
-28. G 

—2:;. 1 
—15. 2 

— 17. G 
-17. 7 
—12.3 
—32.9 
—19.2 



—11.0 

—17. 3 
—21.0 
—19.4 

— 7.9 

- 21. 5 
—15. 4 
—21.9 

—12.1 

-24.5- 

—18.7 
—23.2 

—22. 1 
—20. 4 
—13.9 

—24.') 
—27. 1 
—28. 2 
—22.4 
-14.0 

— is!.-. 

—14.!) 
—31.9 
—19.1 



— 2.3 

—11.2 

— 9.7 
—10.5 
—14. 8 

— 4.7 



-16. 



-17.05 —17.00 —17.39 —17.39 —17,56 —17.: 



—11.2 


i" 2 


-13. . 


—14.1 


—13. 1 


—11.8 


—20. 1 


—29. 


—is. 4 


—19. 4 


— 19. 1 


—18.0 


— 8.3 


— 8. 5 


— S. 9 


—21.4 


29 7 


—21.9 


—14.5 


—14. 1 


—14.1 


-21.7 


—2". 4 


—211. :; 


—12.6 


—14.11 


—1."..:; 


-J. .0 


— 21. S 


—19, 


—1 7. 5 


— 1G.9 


-18.7 


-22. 6 


o> - 


—23. n 


—20 




-22.4 


—21.1 


-21.C 


-21.3 


— 1 5. 5 


— 10. G 


— 1G.8 i 


—2:;. 3 


- -23. 1 


— 22. G 


—20. G 


—25. 8 


—20. 1 


—28.7 


—2.-. - 


—28. 2 


—21.3 


—20. 5 


—1:1.7 


—14.1 


—13.8 


—12. 5 


—IP. 7 


-17. G 


— 1G. 9 


—IS. 9 


-17.1 


-18.0 


—1 8. :; 


—20.4 


—21.7 


—31.0 


—30. 6 


—29. 5 


—19. :; 


—18.9 


—18. ; 


—17.37 


— 17.5S 


—17.09 



-11. - 

-10. 2 

-14,2 

- 3.7 

-1 !, 
-11.5 

-is. i 
-] 7. 9 

- 

-23. 1 
-I! 

-20. ■". 
-10. 1) 
-19. 1 

-20.2 
-. 

-23. 1 
-21.2 

-17.2 

-2 ' 
-26 2 
-28. G 
-19. 1 
-12. : 

-m t 

-18.2 
-22 
-29. 1 

-17. 5 



- 3. 

-11. 8 
■10. 2 
-11.2 
-14 

- 3 .; 

-15.4 
-11.3 
-18.8 
-17.8 

- 9. 3 

-23 : 
-13.6 
-19.5 
-10.9 
-19. 2 

-19.2 
-23. 4 
-23 2 
-21.0 
-18.6 

-23. G 
-2fi. O 
-28. 7 
-1-. - 
-13.9 

-17.0 
-18.3 

-27! 6 

-17.4 



Date. 3 p m. - i p. 



1882. 
Dec. 1... 

Dec. 2... 

Dec. 3... 

Dee. 4... 

Dee. 5... 

Dec. 6... 

Dee. 7... 
Dec. 8... 
Dec. 9... 
Dec. 10... 
Dee. 11... 



Dec. 12. 
Dee. 1.; 
Dee. 14. 
Dec. 15. 
Dec. 1G. 

Dee. 17. 
Dec. 18. 

Dee. 19. 
Dee. 20. 
Dee. 21. 



-3.4 

-11.2 
-10.4 
-11.0 
-14.0 



—16.5 
—10.7 
—IS. 9 
—17.7 
— 9. G 

—22.9 
—13. G 
—18.3 

—17.5 
-19.4 

—21.0 
—23.7 
—23. 6 
—20.8 
—19.4 



Dee. 22... 
31cc.23.-_ 
Dcc. 24 . . . 
Dec. 25... 
Dec. 26... 

De«. 27... 
Dec. 28... 
Dec. 29... 
Dec 33... 
Dec 31... 



. ' —23. 8 — : 

! —28! 8 

■ -19.0 
. -14.5 ! 



—13.7 
— 1G.4 
—22. 4 
—26. 9 
-17.1 



_ 



-4.1 

-10. G 
-10.5 
-10.7 
-13.5 



-17. 5 
-10.7 
-19.7 
-17.3 
-11.7 

-22. 9 
-13. 5 
-17.3 
-18. 7 
-19.8 

-20.9 
-24.7 
-23.8 
-20. 1 
-19.1 

24.3 
23.8 
-29.5 

-19.2 
-14. 8 

-13.1 
-13. 6 

-22. 
-2G.0 
-13.5 



a p. m. 



(i p. hi. 



1 p. 111. 



I p. ra. !l p. in. ? 10 p. .... 11 p. m. 12 p. m. j £*£? 



Mux. 



Min. 



^4.3 

—10.4 
—10.5 
—10.4 
—15.0 

— 3.0 

-19.2 

—10.4 
—19.9 
—14. 8 
—12.1 

—23. 1 
—13.4 
—34.3 
—18.7 
—19.7 

—19.5 
—24.7 
—23. 8 
—18.7 
—IS. 2 

-24. 9 

—23.1 
—30.5 

—18.8 
—14.3 

—10.8 

— 11.7 
—22. 9 
—25.5 
—12.0 



— 5.3 

—10.2 
—10.8 
—10.4 
— 15. 5 

— 3.2 

—20.1 
—10.0 
—20. 1 

— 14. 
—14.0 

-23.1 
—13.fi 
—13. 9 
—18.8 
—19.5 

-18.2 
—24. 9 
—24.2 
—10. 1 
—38.0 



-0.9 

-9.3 
-10.9 
-9.1 
-14.7 
- 2.5 

-20. 1 
-9.7 
-20.3 
-14.5 
-14.8 

-21.9 
-13.fi 
-15. 6 
-21.0 
-18.4 

-17.7 
-24. 9 
-21. 2 
-14] 8 
-19.2 



25.9 


—20.2 


-23. 1 


—23. G 


-32.7 


—33. 2 


19.2 


—19.2 


-13.8 


-12.4 



— 9. 4 — (j. 



9.7 

9.4 

-23. 2 

-25. 

-12.8 



10.4 
6.7 
24.0 
24. 5 
13.0 



—20. 

22. 7 

— 33. G 
—19.2 
-32.2 

—11.0 

— 5.3 
—24. 1 
—24. 1 

— 13.0 



27.0 
23. G 

-34.5 
-39.0 
-32.9 

-31.1 
- 3. G 
-24.1 
-23. 5 
-13.7 



-21.7 
-14.0 
-20.4 
-34.7 
-30.1 

-22. 5 
-34.1 
-13.2 
-24.5 
-17.9 

-19.fi 
-25. 2 
-13.4 

-10.4 
-21. « 

-27.1 
-24.4 
-34. 7 
-18. 
-12.8 

-12.1 
-1.8 
-25.3 
-23.3 
-13.3 



- 5.1 


— 5. 3 


12.4 


—12.fi 


10.2 


—10.4 


13.1 


—13. 2 


■ 3.5 


— 4.1 



7. 7 — 7. 1 — 8. 3 —10. 5 



-7.5 

-12.2 —12.5 

- 8. 9 — 9. 7 
-14.3 —13.3 

- 1. 9 — 2. G 

-20.8 ! —21.fi 

-10. 5 —32. 3 

-20.5 —20.4 

-14. 7 ; —14. 8 

-13. 2 —1.5. 

-21.3 —20.5 

-13.6 ; —13.2 

-15.4 —13.8 

_92. 1 ' 24. 2 

-18.4 —18.6 

-17.5 —IS.fi 

-24.7 , —24.9 

-22. 4 —23. 1 

-17.4 — 1G.G 

-19. —19. 3 



9. 3 — 5. 19 



-23.9 
-1G. 

-20. (I 
-34. S 
-1G.2 

-22. 5 
-14. 3 
-12.1 
-24. 8 
-17.8 

-19. G 
-25.4 
-23.8 
-1G. 
-23.1 

-27.4 
-25.7 
-34.7 
-18.2 
-13.7 

-12.1 

- P. 7 
-27.1 
-22.5 
-13.4 



- 5.3 
-12. 7 
-11.2 
-13.2 

- 4. G 

-21.4 
-17.8 
-20.4 
-13.1 

-1G.1 

-22.fi 
-15. 1 
-11.7 

-23.3 
-IS. 5 

-19. 2 
-25. _' 
-21.7 
-19. fi 
-23. 2 

-27. 2 
-20! 1 
-32.7 
-17.9 
-13.8 

-13.1 
-0.4 
-27. 9 
-20! 5 
-12.8 



- 9.71 

- 8. 42 
-10. 98 
-13. 71 

- G. 20 

-14. 01 
-15. 27 
-20.43 
-17. 73 
-30.92 

-21. 00 
-35. 09 
-3G.99 
-17.43 
-21. 39 

-18.95 
-23.26 

-22. 70 
-18. 70 
-17. -■0 

-24. 30 
-25. 82 
-29. 81 
-22. 08 
-14. 51 

-14.4'. 
-32. G9 

-15.43 
-28. 55 
-17. 04 



-2.3 

-4.8 
-2.7 
-30.0 
-30. 5 

- 2. G 

- 3.8 
-10. 3 
-3G. 9 
-14.2 
-7.2 

-14.0 
-13.3 
-11.4 
-11.4 
-17.1 

-17.2 
-13. 4 
-14.2 
-14. G 
-10. G 

-21. 4 
-24.2 
-1G.4 
-39.4 
-13.0 

-10.2 

-0.5 

8.0 

-23. 4 

- 7.2 



-12.7 

-15.4 
-30.3 
-10.4 
-19. 

-1C. 2 

-26. 8 
-26.6 
-25. .3 

-25. I.I 
-20. 3 

-28. 
-26.2 
-26. 4 

-29. 2 
-30. 3 



-29. 2 
-25. 2 



-39.0 
-3G. 7 
-22. 



-12.0 

-20. 2 



Means . . —37. 21 j —17. 10 



-16.77 — 1G.73 



-10.59 j — 1G.71 i —10.80 j — 1G. 82 j —37.44 ! —37.32 | —17.10 —11.32 ; —25. SO 



Dill. 



10.4 

10.6 

13. G 

fi.4 

13. U 

23.0 
16.3 

8. G 
10.8 
33.1 

13.4 
32.9 
15.0 
17.8 
13.4 

7.9 
10.1 
15. 

10.fi 
15.7 

10.4 

8. 
22. G 
3 7.3 

9. 

13.1 
22.fi 
40. 7 
18.G 
ID. 



14.C4 



II. Ex. £1 31 



242 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW, ALASKA. 



Table showivrj the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to August, 1883 — Continued, 



[Height oftho theiraometer above tlie surface of thecarll>,4feet. Washington mean time. 

17 minutes.] 



Collection to reduce to mean local time 



i hours 



Diitc. 



1883. 
Jan. 1... 
Jan. 2.. 
Jan. 3.. 

Jan. 4... 
Jan. 5.. 



Jan . G . . . 
Jan. 7... 
Jan. 8... 
Jan. 9... 
Jan. 10... 

Jan. 11... 
Jan. 32... 
Jan. 13 . . . 
Jan. H... 
Jan. 13... 

Jan. 10... 
Jan. 17... 
Jan. IS... 
Jan. 10... 
Jan. 20... 

Jan. 21... 
Jan. 22... 
Jan. 23... 
Jan. 21... 
Jan. 25. .. 

Jan. 20... 
Jan. 27... 
Jan. 23... 
Jan. 2D... 
Jan. 30... 

Jan. 31... 

Means . 



1 a. m. 



4 a. m. i 5 a. m. •■ (i a. m. 



-14.0 
G.0 
1 

-4.0 
-7.1 

-7.9 
-14.7 
-1G.5 
-15. !) 
-19.3 

-17.5 
-25.0 
-33. 6 
-31.5 
-29. 5 

-35.3 
-2.3 
- G.2 
-14.7 
-22.9 

-18.2 

-9.2 

-0.7 

J 2.3 

-13.7 

-24.3 
-27.8 
-30.9 
-2G.8 



—28.9 



-13.3 
— u. u i — 5. 8 

- 1.6 

- 4.0 

- 8.4 

- S.4 
-15.5 
-1G.5 
-16.8 
-20.1 

-17.5 
-25. 8 
-33. G 
-30. 9 
-29.5 

-35.3 

- 2.1 

- 7.0 
-15.4 
-23.7 

-1S.1 

- S.7 
0.1 

11.3 
-14.1 

-24.1 

-28.1 
-30. 6 
-28.0 
-28.3 

-29.0 



—10.82 



—17. 0G 



—13.0 

— 3.0 

— 1.7 

— 4.3 

— 9. 3 

— 7.9 
—10.4 
—10.7 
—10.9 
— 18. G 

—17.5 
—25.9 
—34.1 
-30.9 
—29.7 

— 34. G 

— 1.9 

— 7.4 
-10.5 
—23. 

—18.1 

— 7.2 
0.1 
9.8 

—14.1 

—24.2 
—29.4 
—31.0 
—28.0 
—29.1 

-29.4 



—13. 

— 2.8 

— 1.7 

— 4.4 

— 9. G 

— 7.8 
—10.9 
— 10. G 
— 1G. 4 
—15.6 

—18.3 
—25.7 
— 34. G 
—30.7 
—29.6 

—33.4 

— 1.7 

— 8.4 

—17.2 
—25.1 

—18.1 

— G.3 
0.1 
7.3 

—14.1 

—23.9 
—29.1 
— 30. G 
—28.1 
—29.0 

—30.5 



—17. 17 



-12.8 
-3.2 
-4.2 
-4.0 
-10.4 

-8.4 
-17.5 
-10.4 
-13.7 
-15.6 

-18.6 

-24.3 
-34.6 
-30.5 
-29.6 

-31.7 
-0.3 
-8.9 
-17.7 
-25.2 

-17.5 

- G.2 

0.1 

5.0 

-10.0 

-23.3 
-29.7 
-30. 5 
-28.1 
-30.3 

-29.9 



—17.31 



-12.9 
-2.7 
-4.2 
-2.5 
-10.0 

-9.0 
-17.7 
-15. 6 
-14.9 
-16.7 

-20.3 
-23.8 
-34.4 
-30.0 
-29. 3 

-2S.8 
7.0 
-9.5 
-18.2 
-25.5 

-16.8 

-6.0 

1.4 

3.2 

-10.0 

-23.8 
-30.5 
-30.1 
-28.2 
-20.3 

-29.5 



-10. 99 



-13.0 
-2.3 
-4.8 
- 3. 5 

-10.5 

-10.3 
-16.6 

-14.5 
-14.5 
-17.7 

-21.0 
-24.0 
-34.0 
-29.5 
-28.0 

-27.0 
9.1 
-10.1 
-18.5 
-25.5 

-10.2 

-5.0 

l.G 

0.4 

-16.4 

-24.5 
-30. 5 
-29.5 
-27.8 
-30.7 

-29.5 



-1G.95 



S a. in. 



-12. 2 

-1.7 
- 4.9 
-3.4 
-10.6 

-11.0 
-15.9 
-13.8 
-13.2 
-16.3 

-21.4 
-24.9 
-33.4 
-28.8 
-28.8 

-24.7 
6.4 
-11.0 
-1S.G 
-25.3 

-14.9 

-5.8 

l.G 

-1.4 
-17.7 

-24.7 
-30.3 
-29.5 
-27.1 
-31.1 

-30.0 

-1G. 92 



!) a. in. 



—12.1 

— 2.6 

— 2.3 

— 4.0 
—10.7 

—11.9 
—15.9 
—13.0 
—14.6 
—14.8 

—21.3 
—20.0 
—33.3 
—28.0 
—29.5 

22. 2 

3! 4 
—11.7 
—19.4 
—24.8 

—14.4 

— 6.1 

— 1.2 

— 3.1 

—18.1 

—24.2 
—31.2 
—30.3 
—27.1 
—31.8 

—29.5 

—17. 19 



10 a.m. 



—11.9 

— 3.5 

— 1.4 

— 4.2 
—11.4 

—12.8 
— 1G.2 
—13. 2 
—14. 5 
—13. 4 

—21.1 
—20.0 
—32. 8 
—27.0 
—29. 2 

—19.5 
1.6 
—12. 1 
—19. 3 
—24.2 

—12.9 

— 5.9 

— 0. 5 

— 3.2 
—18.8 

—24.0 
—31.9 
—29.7 
—27. 3 
—33.2 

-28.4 



-17. 05 



11 a.m. 



-11.8 
-3.8 
-2.8 
- 3.2 
-11.7 

-13.5 

-17: 3 

-13.0 
-15.9 
-12. 5 

-21.0 
-27.1 
-32. 5 
-20. 7 
-29.4 

-1G. 9 
0.7 
-12.3 
-19.3 
-24.0 

-11.4 
-6.5 
0.2 
-3.8 
-19.8 

-24.4 
-31.9 
-29. 5 
-27. 5 
-33.4 

-27. G 



12 in. 1 1 p. m. 



-11.5 

- 5. 
-3.3 

- 2.0 
-11.5 

-14. S 
-18.2 
-12.7 
-16. 9 
-13.4 

-22.0 

-27.4 
-32. 2 
-25^4 
-31. 5 

-13.3 
0.4 
-12.0 
-19.6 
-22. 

-10.5 

- 6.0 
0.2 

-4.5 
-21.0 

-24. 5 
-31.6 
-29.9 
-27.6 
-33.8 

-25. 9 



-17. 10 



— 4.4 

0.2 

—11.0 

—14.9 

—10.9 
—11.0 
—17.5 
—14. i 

—22.9 

—3l! 9 
—24. 7 
—32. 5 

—13.4 
0.3 
—12. S 
—19. 8 
21, 2 

—10.4 

o!o 

— 0.0 

21. 2 

—24.0 
—31. 5 
—29. 7 
—20. 9 
—32. 7 

—24.3 



—17. 06 



2 p. m. 



-11.3 
-4.0 
-5.1 
-2.1 

-10.7 

-15, 8 
-15.9 

-11.2 
-19. 
-14. (i 

-23.7 
-28. 6 



—31.7 

—11.2 

— 0.3 
—12. 5 
—20.0 

-20. I 

—10.2 

— 5.8 
0.3 

— 8.6 
22. 7 

—23. 7 
—31. 5 
—29.0 
— 2G. 8 
—32.9 

—22.8 



—17. 08 



Date. 



1SS3. 
Jan. 1... 
Jan. 2... 
Jan. 3... 
Jan. 4... 
Jan. 5... 

Jan. 0... 
Jan. 7... 
Jan. 8... 
Jan. 9... 
Jan. 10... 

Jan. 11... 
Jan. 12... 
Jan. 13... 
Jan. 34... 

Jan. 15... 

Jan. 10... 
Jan. 17... 
Jan. 18... 
Jan. 19 .. 
Jan. 20. .. 

Jan. 21... 
Jan. 22... 

Jan. 23... 
Jan. 2t... 
Jan. 25... 

Jan. 20... 
Jan. 27... 
Jan. 28... 
Jan. 29... 
Jan. 30. . . 

Jan. 31... 

Moans . 



3 p. m. 



-11.0 
-3.7 
-5.0 
-2.9 

-IP. 

-10.4 
-14.8 
-11.5 
-19.2 
-14.7 

-24. 5 
-29.2 
-32.1 
-20. 4 
-31.0 

-9.3 
-0.5 
-12.7 
-19.9 
-20. 7 

-10.0 
-5.8 
0.5 
- 9.-1 
-22.8 

-23. 
-30. 7 
-30. 3 
-20.7 
-33. G 

-20.2 



i p. m. 



—17. 07 



-10.4 
-3.3 
-4.7 
-3.8 



—10.2 
—13.8 
—11. 8 
—19. 
—14.7 

—22.9 
—29. 3 
—31. 9 
—27.4 
—32. 5 

— 0.9 

— 0.5 
—12.7 
—19. 5 
—20.5 

—10.9 



-11.2 
-22.8 

-23. 8 
-30. 5 
-30.4 
-25.9 
-32.4 

-17.0 

-10.70 



a p. in. 



—10.2 

— 3.4 

— 4.7 

— 4.4 

— 7.8 

— 15.6 

—17.7 
—12.0 
—20.5 
—15. 7 

—24. 5 
—29. 5 
—30.4 
—28.1 
—34.7 

— 5.3 

— 0.8 
—12.8 
—19.0 
—19.4 

—11.2 

— 4.3 
3.2 

—13.1 
—23.2 

—23.2 

—30. 3 
—29.8 
—24.5 
-32. 

—15.2 



(5 p. m. 



-10.4 
-3.0 
-4.6 
-4.8 

-7.3 

-15.6 
-14.9 
-11.7 
-20.1 
-17.3 

-24.9 
-30. 3 
-31.5 
-29.3 
-35.0 

-4.3 
-1.6 
-13.1 

-19.4 
-17.8 

-11.6 
- 3.0 
3.7 
-14.1 
-23. 2 

-23.8 
-30. 7 
-29.0 
-25. 7 
-31. 9 



-11.7 
— 1G.80 : — 1G.93 



7 p. m. 



-9.7 
-3.3 
-4.3 
-5.6 

-7.1 

-16.7 

-14.9 
-12.4 
-19.9 
-17. 

-25..0 
-31.4 
-31.7 
-29.3 
-35. 

-3.5 

- 2.1 
-13.4 
-19.4 
-17.5 

-12.0 

- 3.3 
4.4 

-14.8 
-23.6 

-24.9 
-31.0 
-29.3 
-20.4 
-32. 4 

-10.2 



-10. S8 



S p. m. 



-9.5 
-3.3 

- 4.3 

-0.7 
-0.9 

-16. 8 
-14.8 
-12.8 
-19.5 
-17. G 

-25.2 
-32.0 
-29.5 
-29.0 
-35.5 

-3.3 

- 2. 3 
-13! 4 
-19.4 
-18.0 

-12. 1 

- 3.3 
4.9 

-15. G 
-24.3 

-25.7 
-31.3 
-2S.4 
-26.7 
-32. 2 



9 p. m. 



— 9.5 

— 3.7 

— 5. 2 

— 6.7 

— 7.5 

—15.9 
—14.1 
-12.1 
—20.2 
—17.9 

—25. 5 
—32. 4 
-31.5 
—29.5 
—35.9 

— 2.9 

— 3. 4 
—13. 9 
—21.1 
—IS. 

-11.4 

— 3.0 
5.3 

—15.5 
—24. 8 

—24.2 
—31.0 
—27. 1 
—26.9 

—3:!. 2 

— 8.8 



— 1G.8S —17.02 




-10.99 



" Highest leading of standard thermometer taken for maximum of day from January 1, ISSvS, 10 Juno 1, 1883 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 



243 



Tahlc sliou-hifi the temperature of the air at Uylaamic from October, 1SS1, toAiir/u.st, 1SS3 — Continued. 

[Height of (he thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 aoura 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 



1883. 

Pel.. 1. 

Fob. 2. 

Pel.. 3. 

Pel.. 4. 

Pol.. 5. 

Pel.. C. 

Feb. 7. 

Feb. 8. 

Feb. D. 



Feb. 10.-. 
Feb. 11.. 
Feb. 12 . 
Feb. 13.. 
Feb. 14.. 

Feb. 15.. 
Feh.lG.. 
Feb. 17.. 
Feb. 18.. 

Feb. 1U.. 



1 a. m. 



2 a. m. ! 3 a. m. 



— 0. 9 i — G. 9 

— 9. 2 — 8. 5 
2.:; ' 2.3 

12. G 12.8 



Feb. 20.. . 
Feb. 21... 

Fob. 22... 
Fob. 23... 

Feb. 24 .. 



Feb. 27..... 
Feb. 20.... 
Feb. 27.... 
Feb. 28.... 

Means .. 



Date 



11.8 
23. 5 

■ — G. 
0.1 

7.4 

— 5. 1 
I —15.0 

—15. 3 
7.0 

— 9.7 

— G.5 
! —14. 5 
1 — 9.7 
| -11.2 

9.5 

5.8 
-10.8 
-9.5 
-20.0 
-19.0 

-22.8 
-22.1 
-17. 5 
-13. S 



11.9 
23.7 

— 5.3 

— 0.7 
9.4 

— 6.8 
— 15. G 
—14.4 

6.0 

— 9.7 

— G.5 
—14.9 

— S.G 
—10.4 

7.4 

5.1 

—10. 9 
—10. 8 
—20.9 
—18.4 

—23.4 

09, 4 

—11. 8 
—13.1 



- 6. 7 

- 7. 7 
3.0 

13. G 

12.0 

23.7 

-4.2 

- 2.4 
12.5 



-15. G 

-12. 

3.2 

-10.3 

- G.3 

-15. S 
-7.9 

- 9.5 
7.0 

:;. .1 
-11.5 
-12.3 
-21. 2 
-20.0 

-23.7 
-24.0 
-17.1 
-11.9 



4 a. ru. 5 a. in. 



<i a. m. , 7 a. in. S a. in. 



1) a. m. 



10 a.m. II a. ni. 



-G.3 

- 7. G 

4.7 

13.5 

12.1 

23.3 

-2.5 

-0.7 

15.2 

-9.5 
-15. 5 
-11.9 
0.4 
-10.5 

-6.7 
-15. G 
-8.4 
-9.5 
G.4 

1.7 
-12.2 
-lill 
-21. 5 
-20.5 

-23.8 

-23. 8 
-17.7 
-9.3 



-7.4 

-1.1 

4.8 

12.5 

11.5 
22. 7 
-1.7 
0.1 
16.8 

-11.2 
-15. G 
-11.0 

- 1.6 
-10.7 

- G.8 
-15.4 
-8.8 
-9.3 

G.0 

0.1 
-12.9 

-14.3 
-21.2 

-21.2 

-23.8 
-24. 5 
•18.2 

-10.4 



-8.2 

-6.7 
4.2 

10.5 

11.8 

21.7 

-0.8 

-0.5 

17.4 

-12. 8 
-15.4 
-10.0 
-3.0 
-11.9 

-6.8 
-14.7 
- 8.7 
-8.2 
5.3 

-1.7 

-13.2 
-15.4 

-21. 2 
-21.0 

-22.5 
-25.3 
-19.4 
-10.4 



— 9.3 

— G.7 

3.4 
9.1 

13.3 

20. 9 

0.5 

— 0.7 
18.3 

—14.1 
—15.4 

— 9.3 

— 4. 5 
—13. 2 

— 7.1 
—14.5 

— 7.1 

— 0.9 

4.2 

— 4.5 
—13.0 
— 10. 6 
—16.7 
—21.4 

—22.4 

—25.7 
—19.1 

— S.O 



-10.2 
-G.0 

2.1 
8.7 

13.9 

18.8 

2.5 

-0.7 

19.2 

-14.9 
-15.2 
•8.4 
-5.1 

-14.1 

-S.O 
-14.5 
-5.3 

- 5. 1 
3.2 

- 6.2 
-12. 6 
-16.4 
-17.5 
-22. 1 

-21.5 

-2G.2 
-19.4 

-7.0 



-11.0 

- 6.9 

1.4 

8.0 

13.9 

14.9 

3.3 

-1.0 

19.9 

-15. 5 

-15. 



-14.0 

- G.2 
-14. 
-4.4 

- 3.S 



-7.7 
-12.3 
-1G. 9 
-18.3 
-22.8 

-20.6 
-26.9 
-20.1 
-4.9 



-11. 5 

-6.9 

1.3 

7.7 

14.0 

10.9 

5.2 

-0.7 

1S.0 

-15. 5 
-14.7 
-6.6 
- 5.3 
-13. G 

-12. 1 
-14. G 
-4.3 
-2.1 



-8.4 
-11.9 
-18.2 
-18.2 
-23.3 

-20.5 
-27.1 
-21. 
-3.5 



-11.3 

- o. i; 

0.4 
7.1 

13. 9 

7.2 

8.2 

-0.9 

23.1 

-1C.0 
-14.7 

- 5. G 
-5.6 
-13.1 

-13. G 

-14. 5 

-4.2 

-1.1 

4.2 



-11.8 
-18.4 
-18.1 
-23.6 

-18. G 
-27. 5 
-20.5 



12 m. . 1 p. ui. 2 p in. 



-11.5 
-5.3 

-0.1 
G.5 

13.9 

3.G 

12.1 

-1.0 

24.4 

-16.5 
-14. 4 
-4.5 
-5.8 

-12.4 

-14.9 
-15.4 

-4.7 

-0.7 

5.1 

- 9.7 
-11.1 
-20.5 
-18.2 
-23.3 

-18.8 

-27. G 
-20.7 
-2.5 



-11.2 

-5.1 

0. G 

G. G 

13.8 
-0.2 

15.2 
-0.8 

19.4 

-16.7 
-14.0 
-4.0 
- G. 
-11.2 

-13.8 

-17.5 

-G.7 

1.1 

4.3 

-11.1 
-10.7 
-20.3 
-17.5 
-22.9 

-19.2 

-29.8 
-19.4 
-4.2 



-10.8 

-4.8 

2 3 

6.9 

14.4 
- l.G 

14.9 
-0.5 

18.0 

-17. 3 
-13.8 
-3.9 
-G.0 
-10.5 

-13.1 

-IS. 6 

-7.6 

2.2 

3.7 

-12. G 
-10.2 
-20.4 
-17.7 
-22. 1 

-19.4 
-30.7 

-19.2 
-4.4 



5.90 



5.98 



6. 10 



0.40 



— COS 



— G.66 



6.71 



0.85 



— 7.1G 



— 6.89 — 6.93 



7.19 



7.21 




24-1- 



EXrEDITION TO TOIXT BARROW. ALASKA. 



Tabic showing tlie temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to August, 1SS3 — Continued. 

[Hi i; ;!:( of the theiinomctcr auovo tlic sin face of the earth, -1 feet. Y^asliiDgton mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 hours 

IT minutes. 1 



D..te. 



1883. 
Mar. 1 . 

Mar. 2 . 

Mar. 3 . 

Mar. 4 

Mar. 5 

Mar. C . 

Mar. 7 
Mar. S 
Mar. 9 . 
Mar. 10 
Mar. 11 

Mar. 12 . 
Mr.r. 13 

Mir. 14 
Mar. If. 
Mar. 10 

Mai'. 17 
Mar. 18 
Mar. 10 

Mar. 20 . 
Mar. 21 

Mar. 22 
Mar. 23 . 
Mar. 24 . 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 28 . 

Mar. 27 . 
Mar. 28 , 
Mar. 29 . 
Mar. 30 

Mar. 31 . 

Means .. 



Date. 


! a. in. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


i a. in. 


5 a. m. 


(> a. in. 


7 a. in. 


S a. 111. 


i) a. m. 


tO a. m. 


11a. 111. 


12 in. 


1 p. lu. 


2 )>. ra. 


is?::. 
Mar. 1 . . . 


—11.4 


-11.2 


— 9.4 


—14. 3 


—10. 5 


—19.4 


-29.5 


22. 1 


—23.7 


—25. 


ni _ 


—21. 4 


—25. 


—25. 9 


Mar. 2 ... 


go 7 


-33.1 


—34. 4 


—33. 


—30. 8 


-38.4 


-37. 8 


—39.2 


—40. 4 


—40.3 


—39. 2 


-37.4 


;;- ;; 


—22. 




— 24. 9 


—24. 


-25. 8 


— 25. U 


—20.1 


—20. 9 


—27.1 


— 2G. 9 


—27. 5 


-27. 


-27. 8 


—'JO. 8 


— sa 


—25 7 


Mar. 4 ... 


—10. 5 


—17.5 


—19.4 


—18.4 


—19.1' 


—19.4 


—18. 2 


—17.7 


— 17.7 


—19. 6 




—21. 2 


-22. 1 


—23. 3 


Mar. 5 ... 


-15.7 


—10.0 


—17.7 


—1 1. 9 


—14.7 


—18.0 


17 r f 


-14. 9 


—13. 1 


— 9.7 




- 5.1 


— 3.:: 


— 3. 5 


Mar. C ... 


—15.0 


— 1G.7 


—18.2 


—19.1 


— 18. G 


—19.4 


—h'. 9 


—24. 9 


—25. 2 


—27. U 


—28! 8 


—30. 


-32. 2 


—30.8 


Mar. 7 . . . 


-24.3 


—24. 6 


24.2 


—25. 9 


— 2G. 1 


—20. 3 


—25. 7 


—27. 8 


—29. 6 


—31.5 


—32. 2 


—'/J. 7 


-33. 4 


—29. 7 


Mar. 8... 


—23. 1 


—21.2 


—20. 5 


—23.1 


—24. 9 


—25. 2 


—28.1 


—25. 9 


—27.7 


—28. 3 


—27. 


— 28. 2 


- 31.7 


—33. 8 


Mar. 9 . . . 


—37.3 


-37. 3 


—37. 2 


—37.7 


—38. 4 


— 39. G 


— 10.3 


—41.0 


—43.3 


—10.3 


—4!!. i 


— 13. 3 


— 12. 5 


—40.4 


Mar. 10 ... 


—37. 5 


—38. 5 


—49. 


—10. 2 


—40.2 


—40.4 


— 39. 


—39. 4 


—39. 4 


-40. 3 


-40.0 


—40. 9 


—4i-. I 


—39. 


Mar. 11 ... 


—37.0 


— 3G. 3 


—36. 7 


—34.9 


—37. 3 


— 3G. 7 


—30.9 


— 3G. S 


—30. 


—37. 4 


-38. 3 


—37. 1 


—39. 2 


—38, ! 


Mar. 12 . . . 


—24.2 


—25.8 


—25. 1 


—23.2 


—21.9 


—23. 1 


—22.1 


-21.3 


—19.2 


—21.1 


—20. 


—21.0 


—19. 1 


-18.2 


Mar. 13 . . . 


—20. 


—21.1 


—19.5 


—20. 3 


—23. 8 


—25.7 


— 2G. 9 


—25. 9 


—25. 9 


—25. 9 


—25. 4 


— 24. 3 


—26. 


25. 7 


Mar. 14 ... 


—27. 5 


—20.7 


—28. 8 


—30. 5 


—27. 9 


—29.3 


—29.3 


—28.0 


-29.0 


—29. 5 


-28. 9 


—28. 


—28. ■ 


— 25. 9 


Mar. 15 ... 


—20. 7 


—29.8 


—31.8 


—31.5 


-33. G 


—33. 9 


—34. 8 


—35.5 


-35. 


-34. 


-45. 7 


—33. 9 


— 32. 4 


—30.3 


Mar. 10 . . . 


—21.0 


—21.1 


—21.8 


22, 2 


—21. 5 


—20. 


—18. 4 


—17.9 


—IS. 2 


-IS. 2 


—18.2 


-17.4 


-10. 


—14.0 


Mar. 17 . . . 


—10.7 


—15.8 


—15.8 


— 15. S 


—15. 9 


—15. 7 


— 15. G 


—15. 


— 10.2 


— 10.0 


—10.0 


—17.0 


—16. 7 


-10.3 


Mar. IS ... 


—13.2 


—14.0 


— 16. G 


—20. 1 


—20. 5 


—20.1 


—20.3 


—23. s 


— 22. 


—24. 3 


-21.2 


— 20. 3 


—20. 1 


—19.0 


Mar. 19 ... 


—17.7 


—18.4 


-18.7 


—18.4 


— 18.0 


—20. 5 


—20. 5 


—20. 3 


—20. 9 


—21. 5 


-22. 1) 




90 .. 


—22. 


Mar. 20 ... 


—22. 3 


—23. 


—24. 8 


—24. 2 


—24.7 


—20. 9 


—22. 7 


-23.8 


— 25. 7 


-23. 2 


_22. 2 


—24.' 


-h'.O 


—2;. 11 


Mar. 21 ... 


—18.3 


—17.0 


—19.7 


—2(i. 5 


—20. 3 


—IS. 2 


— 16^4 


—16.4 


— 1G. 4 


—15. 9 


—15.0 


-14.8 


—13.5 


-12. 1 


Mar. 22 . . . 


— 5.1 


— 5.2 


— 5.6 


— 0.1 


— 0.2 


— G.O 


— 5.9 


— 5. 8 


— 0.0 


-0.3 


-0.7 


— 0.3 


— 0.0 


— 0.7 


Mar. 23 ... 


— 5.3 


— S.8 


— 7.1 


— 3.8 


— 0.5 


— 0.3 


— 1.7 


— 4.7 


— 7. 5 


—11.2 


-11.2 


—12.4 


—1 1. 8 


—10.7 


Mar. 24 . . . 


— 2.9 


— 4.1 


— 4.5 


— 1.2 


0.0 


1.4 


— 0.7 


- 1.2 


— 1.3 


— 2.1 


0. G 


3.0 


1.4 


3.4 


Mar. 25 . . . 


13.3 


15.8 


18.7 


19.8 


20.7 


21.1 


23.0 


23.9 


19.8 


18. 5 


10.8 


18.0 


19.9 


22. 3 


Mar. 20 . . . 


9.1 


5.3 


4.0 


4.0 


5.3 


4.0 


5.7 


7.4 


7.0 


G. 8 


9.1 


10.8 


12. G 


10.1 


Mar. 27 . . . 


25.0 


25.7 


25.1 


24. 2 


23.7 


22.9 


20.8 


21.3 


20.5 


19.7 


20. 2 


21.1 


21. 1 


23. 2 


Mar. 28 ... 


5.3 


3.2 


0. G 


— 3. 


— 3.8 


— 5.8 


— 0.7 


— 6.7 


— 7.7 


— 7. 7 


— 8.7 


— G. 3 


— 2.0 


1.4 


Mar. 29 ... 


19.0 


20.5 


21.3 


IS. 8 


18.8 


19.1 


16.8 


16.3 


12.9 


14.7 


15.7 


10.9 


17. S 


19.7 


Mar. 30 ... 


14.1 


7.8 


5.3 


8.9 


9.5 


10.0 


8.9 


2.9 


— 0.7 


— 1.5 


— 0.7 


— 1.2 


2. 5 


3.4 


Mar. 31 ... 


9.1 

-12. 97 


10.4 

—13. 54 


10,9 


10.5 


10.8 


11.0 


9.8 


8.0 


3.4 


3.4 


. 4.9 


0.1 


4.2 


4.2 


Means 


—14. 13 


—14. 18 


—14. 45 


-15. 04 


—15. 21 


—15. 02 


— 1G. 55 


—17. 08 


—17.01 


—10. 32 


—15.91 


—14.37 



3 p.m. 



—20.7 

—32. 3 
—24.3 
-24. 5 

— 5.3 
—29.9 

—29.5 
—31.9 
—39.0 
—37.7 
—36.6 

— 1G. 7 
—25. 3 
—25.1 
—27.1 
—12. 1 

—14.7 
— 10.4 
—21.3 
—20.4 
—11.0 

— 0.1 
— 10. 

5.0 
21.1 
18.9 

23.8 
4.4 

21.9 
6.5* 
4.0* 

— 13.0! 



: p. m. 



-2G.8 

-30.3 
-22.1 
-23.4 
-8.6 
-29.4 

-22.4 
-36.3 
-36. G 
-37.1 
-34.6 

-15.4 
-24.7 
-23. 1 
-23. 4 
-11.8 

-13.9 
-13. 8 
-19.3 
-23. 
-9.0 



-9.5 

6.4 

21. G 

20.3 

21.1 
7.4 

24.5 
9.0 
3.9 

-12.49 



I I 

5 p. 111. I 6 p. in. ' 7 p. 111. 



1 p. m. 



9 p. m. 



-20.5 
-22.3 
-10.2 
-20.3 

-18.2 
-36.7 
-34.9 

-33. 7 
-32. 1 

-14.9 
-22. 9 
-23. 5 
-22. 6 
-10.4 

-12. 3 
-10.5 
-10. 
-14. G 

- 8.4 

- 4.G 
-7.8 

9.8 
21.0 
22. 5 

18.1 
10.3 
25. 5 
10. G 
3.9* 



-25.8 

-24.7 
—IS. 2 
—20. 5 
—11.7 
—20.1 

—17.1 
—30. 8 
—33. 4 
—32. 4 
—29.9 

—13.4 
—21.2 
—21. 5 
—20. S 

— 9.7 

—11.3 

— 9. 5 
—14.7 
—13.9 



-3.2 

- 7.0 

13.9 

20. 5 

22 7 

15. 1 
13.0 
24.9 
10.7 
3.0* 



-20.2 

-23. 3 

-1G.8 
-18.0 
-12. 8 
-19.7 

-17.5 
-37.3 
-32. 9 
-31.0 
-28.9 

-12.3 
-20.4 
-20.4 
-20.3 
-9.6 

-10.8 
-9.1 
-14. 3 

-13.9 

- 0.9 

- 1.7 
-4.0 

14.2 
22.5 



-27.6 

-22.9 
-15.9 
-17.3 
-13.0 
-19.5 

-17.5 
-35.3 
-32. 1 
-30. 3 
-27.8 

-13.9 
-21.0 
-21. 2 
-19 4 
-10.8 

-11.0 
-9.1 
-13.1 
-14.7 

- 6.2 

- 0. G 

-4.7 
17.3 
23.7 
22.2 

11.1 
13.4 
24. 2 

12^7 
3.4* 



-28.3 

-22.7 
-1G.0 
-18.0 
-13 4 
-20.5 

-19.5 
-36.7 
-32.4 
-30.7 
-27.1 

-14.3 
-22.5 
-21.1 
-19. 3 
-12. G 

-11.3 
-10.4 
-14.5 
-15. 
-0.0 

- 0. 8 

- 2.8 
17. 5 
22.0 
22.3 

9.7 
14. 
23.0 
12.3 

3.3 



10 p. m. I 11 p. m. ■ 12 p. 111. 



—30. 9 



-15.2 
-16. 9 
-13.4 
-23.3 

-21.5 
-37. 3 
-32. 8 
-31.9 
-25. G 

-18.0 
-22. 9 
-19. G 
-19. 5 
-14.6 

-11.8 
-12. 5 
-14. 9 
-15.1 
-5.6 

- 0. 5 

- 1.1 
18. G 

18.3 
21.7 

S.4 

14.8 

19.2 

9.7 

1.8 



— 33. 6 

—24.7 
—15. 4 
—15.0 
—13.2 
—23.3 

—23.1 
—37.7 
-33.8 
—35. 9 
—27.0 

—19.6 
—20. 
—21. 5 
—20.0 
— 10. G 

—12.4 
—13. 3 
—18.9 
—15.3 

— 5.3 

— 0.4 
0.0 

15.9 
15.0 
20.2 

s. 

10.2 

17.5 

8. 3 

0.1 



-33.4 

-24.3 

-15.4 
-10.8 
-13. 
-19.0 

-24.2 
-3S. 3 
-35.3 
-35.0 
-20.7 

-20.5 
-20. 7 
-22. S 
-21. 3 
-10.7 

-1 3. 
-12.3 
-21.0 
-10. 3 
-5.1 

-2.9 

0.1 

11.0 

10.1 

24. 3 

7.0 
17.4 
17.9 

8.7 
-0.7 



Daily 
means. 



Max. 



Mm. 






—23. 38 

—31. 02 
—22. 87 
—19. 35 
—11. S3 
—23. 15 

—25.19 
—30.67 
—38. 12 

—37. 21 
—31. 00 



-19.38 
-23.78 

-25. 78 
-28.49 
-10.33 ' 

! 
-14.53 
-1.6.38 

-19.00 : 

-20. 70 

-12. SO 

- 4. 02 

- 0. 04 
5.21 

19.50 
13.91 

18.70 
3.10 I 

19.58 
7. 03 

5. .".0 



-1 5. 2 
-15. 

- 3. 3 
-15.0 

-17.1 
-20. 5 
-32. 1 
-30. 3 
-25. 6 

-12.3 
-19.5 
-19.6 
-19.3 

- 9. G 

-10. 8 
-9.1 
-13.1 
-13.9 

- 5.1 

-0.4 
0.1 
18.0 
23.9 
26.2 

25. 7 
17.4 

14! i 

n.o 



-10. 09 ; — 9. C7 — 9. 33 ! — 8. 93 



9.41 I -10.09 



-11. i: 



—11.71 —13.31 ! — 5.71 



—45. 2 
—32. 2 
-28.3 

— 30.7 

—38. :; 
— 43. s 
—51.4 
—40.7 

—13. 4 

—3H. 1 

— 32. 7 
—34. 7 
—39. 7 
—20.0 

—21.1 

— '21. 8 

32, 

-24. 1 

— 9. 3 
—15.9 

— s. 

9. 
0.7 

4.0 

—10.8 

12.2 

—24. OS 



27. S 

22.5 
17.0 
13.3 
19.9 

21. 1 

21. 2 
23 ■; 
19.:; 
10.4 
17.8 

17.8 
13.2 
1 5. 1 
20. 4 
10.4 

10.3 

1 8. 
14.7 
IS. 3 
19.11 

S. 9 
10.0 
20. 

14. 3 
25. 5 



13.3 
17.3 
14.2 

18.37 



Interpolated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



245 



Table showing the temperature of the air at TJglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer above tlio surface of tlio earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


<i a. in. 


5 a. m. 


<i a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


!> a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. in. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


1883. 






























Apr. 1.... 


— 2. 2 


— 4.1 


— G. 3 


— 9.3 


—10.3 


—11.0 


—11.9 


—11. 9 


—13.8 


—10.8 


—18.2 


—16.4 


-17.4 


—10.9 


Apr. 2 


—11.4 


—13. 


—13.1 


—14.0 


—15. 4 


—15.3 


— 16. G 


—15.4 


—17.3 


-18.0 


—19.4 


—16.3 


—16. 2 ' 


—14.2 


Apr. 3 


—12. 3 


—13.9 


—14.1 


—14. 9 


— 15. G 


—10. 4 


—17. 1 


—17.7 


—17. 


—18.2 


—18.4 


—18.8 


-1G.5 


—15.(1 


Apr. 4 


—11.2 


—13.3 


—13.8 


—14.7 


— 15. G 


—15. G 


—17. 3 


— 18.4 


—19.2 


—19.7 


—21.0 ' 


—20. 5 


—19. 6 


—16.9 


Apr. 5 ... 


— 9. 5 


— 8.9 


— 8.2 


— 7.9 


-7.5 


— 7.3 


— 0.9 


— 0.9 


— 6.9 


— G. 8 


— 0.0 


— 5.2 


— 4.1 


— 3.2 


Apr. G 


- 3. 1 


— 5.3 


— G.O 


— G.O 


— G.O 


— 6. 2 


— 6.7 


— G. 5 


— G.O 


— 6.3 


— 0.0 


— 5. 2 


— 5.1 


— 4.0 


Apr. 7 — 


—13.8 


—15.0 


—19. 2 


—18. 6 


—18.4 


—17. 3 


— 1G. G 


—15. 4 


—14.7 


-13.1 


— 11.2 


— 9. 5 


— 9.0 


— 7.5 


Apr. S ... 


— 1*. C 


—20. 3 


—21.2 


—22.4 


—23.1 


—24. 2 


-24.7 


—24.5 


—23. 8 


-24.0 


—24.1 


—21.1 


—15. 7 


—12.1 


Apr. !) ... 


—11.9 


—14. 3 


—15.4 


— 15. G 


—14.1 


—13.2 


—15.2 


—16.6 


— 10. 9 


—15. 5 


—13. 9 


—10. 5 


— 9.5 


— 7.8 


Apr. 10.... 


— 1.1 


— 0.7 


— 1.1 


- 2.0 


— 2. 5 


— 3-4 


— 4.2 


— 4.9 


— 6.0 


— 7.0 


— 7.0 


— 6.1 


— 5.0 


— 3.2 


Apr. 11.... 


— 3. 5 


- 4.8 


— 9.1 


— 5.7 


— 5.3 


-> G.3 


— G. 1 


- 6.0 


— 0.2 


— 0.1 


— 5.8 


— 5.0 


— 4.2 


- 3.1 


Apr. 12.... 


— 2. 5 


— 5. 1 


- 5.0 


— 4.5 


— G.O 


— 7.5 


— 9.5 


— 9.8 


— 7.3 


— 4.9 


— 2.6 


— 0.7 


1.8 


3.7 


Apr. 13.... 


1.7 


0.7 


0.0 


— 1.4 


— 2.8 


— 4.0 


— 4.0 


— 5.1 


— 7.0 


— 6.4 


— 4.1 


— 4.5 


— 3. 5, 


— 1.9 


Apr. 14.... 


1.7 


9. 2 


— 4.2 


— 4.1 


— 4.5 


— 4.5 


— 7.3 


— 0.9 


— 5.9 


— 4.9 


— 3.2 


— 0. 5 


1.9 


3.9 


Apr. 15 


3.5 


1.0 


0.8 


— 1.2 


— 1.3 


— 1.2 


— 1.0 


— 2.1 


— 2.5 


— 2.1 


— 2.0 


— 1.9 


3.2 


— 1.8 


Apr. 16.... 


— 3.0 


—11.2 


— 9.4 


- 8 8 


— 10. G 


— 13. G 


—18.4 


—21.0 


—24.0 


—23.2 


—22.0 


—20.2 


— 17. G 


—14.7 


Apr. 17 


—13. G 


— 1G.4 


—18.1 


—18.4 


-19.2 


—19.2 


—19.0 


—21. 7 


—24.3 


—24.2 


—23. 


— 21. G 


—19.7 


—16.6 


Apr. 18 


—17.5 


— 19. G 


21, 2 


—24.0 


25. 2 


— 2G.7 


—26. 7 


—27. 8 


— 28. S 


—30. 8 


—29. 


—27.0 


21.2 


—15.8 


Apr. 10.... 


— 7.0 


— 7. 2 


— 7.3 


— 7.7 


— 9.4 


— 8. G 


— 8.9 


— 8.7 


— 8.9 


— 8.6 


— 7.0 


— 6.8 


— 5.3 


— 3.7 


Apr. '20 


5.7 


U. 1 


5.3 


4.9 


4.9 


8.2 


5.7 


5.1 


0.7 


6.9 


7.2 


7.2 


8.3 


10.0 


Apr. 21.... 


15.1 


14.2 


13. G 


12.8 


12.0 


11.2 


10.8 


9.5 


5.6 


G.2 


4.1 


2.G 


l.G 


0.5 


Apr. 22 ... 


— 0.7 


— 1.3 


— 1.7 


2. 2 


— 2.1 


— 2.5 


— 2.8 


— 3.0 


— 2.4 


- 1.4 


— 0.3 


0.7 


2.8 


3.2 


Apr. 23.... 


— 3.4 


— 3.9 


— 4.7 


— 5. 3 


— 5.1 


— 1.7 


— 3.2 


— 6.7 


— 7.0 


— 7.0 


— 6.7 


— 2.3 


1.8 


5.0 


Apr. 24 


0.4 


5.7 


4.0 


2.2 ' 


1.0 


1.2 


— 0.5 


— 0.3 


4.5 


3.2 


5.1 


0.9 


7.2 


7.4 


Apr. 25.... 


10.3 


10.1 


9.1 


9. G 


8.9 


8.2 


9.1 


9.1 


9.3 


10.1 


10.5 


11.2 


12.0 


11.0 


Apr. 2C 


11.1 


11.4 


10.8 


10.0 


9.8 


8.2 


7.4 


8.9 


8.7 


8.1 


7.7 


6.9 


7.4 


7. 5 


Apr. 27 


4.8 


3.7 


1.7 


— 1.1 


0.8 


3.2 


3.2 


3.4 


4.2 


4.1 


5.0 


6.5 


8.2 


9.9 


Apr. 28.... 


10.4 


7.G 


7.7 


7.2 


7.4 


7.2 


7.7 


5.6 


5.4 


6.8 


7.9 


9.5 


11.0 


13.3 


Apr. 2!) 


10.1 


9.2 


8.5 


7.8 


7.2 


7.2 


6.9 


6.4 


7.5 


6.9 


8.1 


8.7 


8.9 


10.2 


Apr. 30.... 


8.5 
— 1.91 


7.5 


5.5 


4.2 


3.2 


3.4 


4.2 


3.6 


1.8 


1.4 


1.0 


1.7 


2.9 


3.1 


Means — 


— 3.44 


- 4:40 


— 5.02 


— 5.47 


— 5. GO 


— 6.32 


— 6.86 


— 7.10 


— 7.07 


— 0.52 


— 5.27 


— 3.90 


— 2.30 



Date. 



3 p. m. 



4 p. m. 



5 p. m. 



6 p. m. 



i p. m. 



8 p. m. 



9 p. in. 



10p.m. 



11 p. m. 



12 p.m. 



Daily 
mean's. 



Max. 



Miu. 



Diff. 



1883. 
Apr. 1. 
Apr. 2. 
Apr. 3. 
Apr. 4 
Apr. 5. 

Apr. 6. 
Apr. 7 . 
Apr. 8. 
Apr. 9. 
Apr. 10. 

Apr. 11. 
Apr. 12. 
Apr. 13. 
Apr. 14. 
Apr. 15 . 

Apr. 1G. 
Apr. 17. 
Apr. 18. 
Apr. 19. 
Apr. 20. 

Apr. 21. 
Apr. 22. 
Apr. 23. 
Apr. 21. 
Apr. 25. 

Apr. 20. 
Apr. 27. 
Apr. 23. 
Apr. 29. 
Apr. 30. 

Means . 



—15. 6 
—13.1 
—13.0 
—14.9 

— 2.4 

-2.0 

— 6.9 
—10. 2 

— G.7 

— 2.9 

— 3.2 
4.9 
0.4 
5.5 
0.1 

—14.4 
—14.4 
—11.9 

— 1. G 
10.5 

0.4 
4.7 
5.9 
7.3 
12.2 

8.7 
11.1 
13.9 
11.3 

4.8 

— 1.07 



—13. 8 
—10.6 
—11.9 
-13.0 

— 2.0 

— 2.5 

— 5.3 

— 7.8 

— 5.9 

2. 2 



-2.6 
5.4 
1.6 

5.8 
1.2 

-13.8 
-13.1 
-9.1 

-0.7 
11.3 

0.7 
4.8 
6.2 
8.2 
13.6 

8.5 
11.5 
14.1 
12.5 

4.5 



0.15 



-12.7 
-10.0 
-11.2 
-11.4 
-0.9 

-3.1 
-7.6 
-6.0 
-4.7 
-1.6 

-1.2 
5.5 
3.8 
6.3 

-0.2 

-13.8 

-11.3 

-6.7 

1.3 

12.5 

- 0. 5 

4.4 

7.4 

8.9 

15.6 

8.5 
14.4 
13.7 
13.6 

5.3 

0.61 



-10.9 
-9.7 
-10.5 
-10.1 
-0.7 

-2.0 
-8.6 
-4.9 
-2.3 

-1.2 

0.4 
5.7 
5.3 
7.0 
-1.7 

-13.6 

-11.0 

-5.8 

2.5 

13.7 

-0.1 

3.0 

7.7 

9.8 

15.9 

8.5 
15.4 
12.8 
13.6 

4.4 

1.11 



-10.2 
-8.7 
-10.2 
-9.0 
-0.5 

-2.1 
-9.2 
-4.5 
-0.6 

-0.7 

0.8 
5.6 
6.2 
7.3 
-2.2 

-13.7 

-10.5 

-5.2 

3.2 

14.7 

1.1 

3.2 

7.5 

10.0 

15.6 

8.5 
15.8 
11.1 
13.6 

3.9 

1. 3G 



-9.3 
-8.2 
-9.3 
-8.2 
- 0.4 

-2.3 
-8.5 
-4.3 
-0.6 
-0.7 

1.3 
5.1 
6.8 
7.3 

-2.5 

-13.9 
-9.6 
-5.2 
5.1 
15.4 

0. G 

1.6 

7.3 

11.0 

14.9 

. 8.3 
15.6 
11.0 
13.2 
4.9 

1.55 



-8.9 
-8.8 
-8.8 
-7.9 

- 0. S 

-3.0 
-.9.7 
-4.7 
-1.0 
-1.2 

-0.1 
4.2 
6.8 

7.5 
-3.5 

-14.0 
-9.7 
-5.8 
5.0 
10.0 

0.5 
1.0 
7.3 
10.7 
14.0 

8.0 
14.0 

10.7 

12.5 

5.8 

1.22 



-7.8 
-9.5 
-8.5 
-7.8 
-0.9 

-3.7 
-10.2 
-5.5 
-1.1 

-1.7 

0.0 
3.6 
6.4 
6.2 
-4.6 

-13.9 

-10.8 

-6.1 

5.1 

15.5 

-0.3 

0.8 

8.2 

11.1 

13.7 

7.4 
11.4 
11.0 
11.8 

5.1 

0.83 



-8.6 
-9.2 
-19.5 
-7.6 
-2.2 

-4.9 
-12. 6 
-7.2 
-1.3 

-2.4 

-1.9 
3.1 
4.4 
5.7 

-4.1 

-14.1 

-11.9 

-7.6 

5.9 

15.8 

-0.4 

-1.3 

8.3 

11.3 

12.4 

7.0 
10.5 
11.0 
10.1 

5.3 



•i- 8.6 
—10.1 
—10.4 

— 9.5 

— 3.2 

— 7.7 
—15.2 

— 8.8 

— 1.1 

— 2.9 

— 1.1 

2.2 
3.1 
4,4 

— 6.7 

—13.8 
—14.3 

— 7.0 
5.7 

14.7 

— 0.7 
0.3 
7.2 

11.2 
11.5 

5.1 

11.1 

11.5 

9.6 

3.4 



0. 13 1 — 0. 67 



-11. 37 
-13. 09 
-13. 75 
-14. 01 

- 4.55 

- 4.70 
-12. 24 
-15. 15 

- 8.99 

- 2.99 

- 3.53 

- 0.61 
0.10 
0.93 

- 1.63 

-14. 90 
-16.32 
-17.15 

- 3.09 
9.60 

5.05 
0.39 
0.95 
0.42 
11.60 

8.46 

7.88 
9.81 
9.81 
4.14 

- 2. 76 



2.2 
8.2 



-0.4 

-2.0 
-5.3 
-4.3 
-0.6 

-0.7 

1.3 
5.7 
6.8 
7.5 
3.5 

- 3.0 
-9.6 
-5.2 
5.9 
16.0 

15.1 
4.8 
8.3 
11.3 
15.9 

11.4 
15.8 
14.1 
13. G 



3.00 



-21.9 
-24. 8 
-23. 
-26.7 
-14.3 

-11.3 
-23.0 
-29.0 
-20. 4 
-9.9 

-9.0 
-13. G 
-10. G 
-10.9 
- 9. 7 



-28.9 
-35.0 

-11.8 



-3.4 
- 5. 5 
-10.1 
-2.5 
0.6 

3.0 

-2.3 

3.9 

5.0 

-0.8 



19.7 
16. C 
14. 5 
19.1 
13.9 

9.3 

17.7 
24.7 
19.8 



10.3 
19.3 
17.4 
18.4 
13.2 

24.7 
19.3 
29.8 
17.7 
13.2 

18. 5 
10.3 
18.4 
13.8 
9.3 

8.4 

18.1 

10.2 

8.6 

9.3 

15.70 



246 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tabic showing the temperature of the air at TJylaamic from October, 1881, to Avgust, 18S3 — Con tinned. 

{Height of the thermometer above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes. 1 



D.ite. 



1 a. m. 



2 a. in. 



1SS3. 
Mav 1- 
Mav 2. 
May 3. 
May 4. 
May 5. 

May G. 
May 7. 
Ma'y 8. 
May 9. 
May 10. 

May 11. 
May 12. 
May 13. 
May 14. 
May 15. 

Mav 10 
May 17. 
May 18. 
MavlS- 
May 20. 

May 21. 
May 22. 

May 23. 
May 24 . 
May 25.. 

May 20 . 

May 27 . 
May 28.. 
May 20.. 
May 30.. 

May 31.. 

Means . . 



Date. 



1883. 
May 1. 

May 2. 
May 3. 
May 4. 
May 5. 

May 0. 
May 7. 
May 8. 
May 9. 
May 10. 

May 1 1 . 
May 12. 
May V.i. 
May 14. 
May 15. 

May )fi. 
May 17. 
May IS. 
May 19. 

May 20. 

May 21. 

May 22. 
Mav 23. 

May 21.. 
May 25.. 



May 26. . 
May 27 . . 
May 28.. 
May 29. . 
May 30.. 

Mav 31 . . 



1.0 
2. 3 
7.0 
7.1 
15.5 

33.4 
15.0 
26.3 
22.8 
25.7 

25.7 
24.9 
25. C 
24.7 
28.7 

2G.8 
29.0 
23.8 
24.7 
27.8 

29.1 
23.1 
25.4 
30.1 
33.7 

34.4 
30. 3 
32.7 
32.1 
34. 

31.5 



24.35 



-0.3 

-0.5 

0.3 

5.5 

15.9 

31.9 
14.4 

24.7 
22.7 
23.5 

27. G 
24.7 
25.3 
24.3 
25.4 

20.2 
28.2 
23. 5 
23.5 
26.5 

25.4 
22.3 
24.9 
26.7 
33.7 

33. 5 
29.3 
31.1 
30.7 
33.9 

31.2 



4 a. m. 



— 3.8 

— 3.4 
4.0 
4,0 

15.9 



-3.2 
-5.3 

1.7 

2.5 

15. 5 



27.2 


28.3 


14.1 


14.3 


23.7 


23.5 


22.8 


23.2 


22.7 


21.7 



23.29 



27.3 
24.4 
24.8 
23. 9 
21.0 

20.3 
27.3 
23.4 
19.9 
24.7 

22.8 
21.8 
24.5 
23.2 
33.5 

32. G 

28.7 
30.3 
29.0 
33.1 

30.3 



22.05 



2G.8 
24.3 
22.8 
24.1 
23.3 

20.9 
27. 2 
22! 7 
15.9 
22. 1 

20.4 
21.5 
24.5 
23.7 
32.1 

32.2 
28.6 
29.4 
28.2 
33.2 

29.7 



5 a. m. 



6 a. m. 7 a. ni. i S a. in. ! 9 a. m. 1 10 a. 111. 



21.35 



— 7.0 

— 6.9 

— 1.2 
1.6 

14.8 

26.6 

13.9 
21.7 
22.3 
20.0 

20.4 

23.5 
21.7 
23.3 
22.5 

20.0 
26.8 
21.9 
12.9 
17.0 

19.0 
20.5 
24. 2 
23! 9 
31.0 

31.5 

27. G 
28.2 
27.8 
32.2 

29.4 



i 

j -7.0 


-11.0 










— 3.5 


— 4.0 


0.2 


— 0.3 


15.4 


16.0 


27.1 


29.4 


14.7 


14.7 


20.5 


19.0 


21.9 


21. 5 


18.7 


18.8 


25.6 


24.9 


22.3 


20.5 


21.5 


20.3 


23.5 


23.2 


21.9 


21.0 


2G.4 


26.8 


20. G 


26.1 


22.0 


21.7 


10.9 


9.5 


14.0 


12. C 


17. G 


It. 7 


20.7 


20.9 


24.1 


24.1 


23.1 


22.2 


30.8 


30.3 


31.7 


31.3 


20.7 


24.9 


27.0 


25.4 


27.6 


30.1 


32.0 


31.7 


28.8 


2S.2 



-10.4 

-7.5 

-3.8 

1.1 

16. G 

29.8 
15.3 
18.3 
20.7 
19. G 

• 

24.7 
17.8 
20.5 
22.8 
21.2 

26.8 
25.6 
21.5 
11.8 
13.7 

14.4 
20.9 
24. 5 
20.7 
29.9 

30.9 
25.0 
28.0 
29.6 
30.3 

29.3 



—10.2 

— 6.4 

— 3.4 
1.9 

10. S 

29.6 
15.8 
18.7 
20.4 
19.7 

24.8 
14.7 
20.3 
23.0 
20.9 

26.9 
25.3 

21.3 
14.6 
13.8 

16.2 
20.8 
25.0 
23.4 
30.7 

30.5 
20.1 
28. 8 
30.2 
31.2 

2S. 8 



-9.3 

- 5.1 

-2.8 

2.8 

17.0 

27.1 
15.7 
17.7 
20.4 
21.2 

24.6 
15.7 
20.7 
23.4 
20.7 



25.3 
21.2 
16.7 
12.0 

10.7 
21.4 
25.4 
21.7 
31.2 

30.1 
26.8 
28.8 
29.4 
31.0 

29.3 



11 a. m. ( 12 m. 1 p. m. 



20. 12 19. 54 1S.95 I 19. 03 19. 30 ! 19. 61 



8.4 
4.5 
3.4 



25. 7 
17.1 
15. 8 
20.5 
21.0 



15. C 
21.7 
23. 8 
20. G 

28.5 
25.1 
21.9 
19.8 

14.7 

17.9 
21.4 
26.3 
26.0 
32. 3 

29.7 
27.6 
30.5 
29.9 

31.8 

30.1 



-1.0 

5.3 

20.0 

23.2 

is] 3 

15.4 
21.0 
21.2 

25. 7 
15.8 
22.0 
25.4 
20.3 

29. 8 
25.4 
23.2 
22.6 
17.1 

17.8 
22.4 
27. S 
28.1 
33.3 

30.1 
26.9 
31.5 
30.5 
31.5 

31.1 



-5.1 

-0.5 

0.8 

6.3 

21.1 

21.0 

in. 

17.8 
20.9 
23.0 

20.3 

17.7 
23.4 
25.5 

20.4 

30.4 
25.5 
23.9 
25.1 
19.2 

18.8 
24.3 
27.5 
31.3 
34.7 

30.2 
28.1 
30.4 
29.9 
32.7 

32.6 



20. 18 



21.00 



22. 01 



p. 111. 



3 p. m. i 4 p. m. 



5 p. m. > p. m. 



Means . 



— 1.5 

4.9 

3.4 

9.3 

27.8 

19.1 
21.2 
20. 9 
22. 8 

2g!s 

25.4 
18. S 
23.8 
30.2 



32.3 
26.3 
26.9 
28.1 

24.1 



25. 3 
30. 4 

34. C 
3G. 

31.1 
30. 6 

30.8 
30. 7 
33.9 



34.4 



0.9 

6.2 

4.3 

10.0 

30.1 

19. S 
23.5 
22.0 
23.7 

25. 9 

2G.7 
19.5 
23.0 
30.5 
21.5 

33.0 
27.4 
26.7 
29.4 
25.3 

24. G 

25. G 
32.1 
34.4 
37.S 

31.9 
31.4 
31. S 
31. G 

31.1 

31. G 



2.7 

8.2 

5.1 

12.0 

33.6 

20.1 
25.2 
23.0 
25.3 

27.4 

26.2 
21.7 
24.9 
31.5 

26.8 

33.9 
28.4 
28.4 
30.8 

27.1 

26.4 
25.9 
33.2 
35.4 
37.8 

32. 5 
33.2 
32. 5 
32.5 
34.4 

31. 9 



24. 30 



26. 48 



3.7 

9.1 

6.2 

13.3 

33.9 

19.8 

25.7 
23.7 
27.9 
27.9 

26.0 
22.5 
25.0 
31.3 

26.7 

33.7 
27.9 
28.1 
30.4 
29.2 

27. G 
26.8 
34.4 
35.4 
37.6 

32.5 
32.7 
32.7 
32.9 
33.7 

35.9 



7 ji. rn. 1 S p. m. Op. in. ] 10 p. m. 



4.6 

10.1 

6.9 

14.8 
33.5 

19.4 
27.0 
23.7 
29.4 
28.4 

27.9 
23.7 
25.0 
29.9 
26.6 

33.4 
27. G 
28.8 
30.1 
30.0 

28.7 
27.1 
34.4 
35.0 
37.4 

33.0 
31.9 
33. 
33.7 
33. 5 

31.4 



4.9 
10.3 

8.0 
14.9 
33.3 

18.8 
27.6 
24.0 
27.9 
2S.G 

27.2 
24.8 
25.3 
29. S 
26.7 

34.4 
28.2 
28.5 
29.9 
30.9 

29.6 
27.6 
33.5 
36.6 
36.4 

33.7 
33.5 
31.2 
33.5 

32. 9 

33. 6 



5.1 

9.5 

8.0 

15.1 

32.9 

18,6 

28.4 
24.0 
27.1 
30.1 

20.6 
25.5 
24.9 
30.7 
2G.9 

32.5 
27.4 
27. G 
29.3 
30.0 

29.2 
28.0 
33. 3 
35.8 
35.4 

32.4 
32.9 
33.2 
33.5 
32.3 

34.4 



11p.m. 12 p.m. 



Daily 

means. 



Max. : Min. 



5.0 

9.5 

8.2 

15.2 

33.1 

17.8 
28.4 
24.2 
25.7 
30.2 

2G.0 
25.6 
24.5 
32.1 
27.3 

31.8 
26.0 
20. 5 
29.7 
31. G 

28.0 
27.1 
32.3 
35.1 
35.5 

32.0 
32.0 
32.4 
33. 6 
32.2 

33. 



4.4 

8.8 

8.1 

15.6 

33.8 

17.9 
28.2 
23.1 
27.0 
27.6 

25.6 
25.3 
24.5 
30.3 
28.2 

31.0 
25.3 
25. 3 
29.6 
31.8 

20.3 
25.8 
32.0 

34.1 
35. 7 

32.0 
32.1 
31.0 
33.6 
31.6 

32.1 



4.0 

7. 7 

7.5 

14.7 

33. 5 

10.3 
28.2 
21.1 
27.1 
27.0 

25.5 
25.3 
24.8 
29.2 
28. G 

30.1 
25. 2 
25. 1 
28.7 
32.3 

24.0 
25.2 
30. 5 
33. 9 
35.0 

31.0 
32. 
31.9 
34.0 
31.9 

31.5 



— 2.13 


5.1 


1.29 


10.3 


2.71 


8.2 


7.68 


15.0 


23.62 


33.9 


23.03 


33.4 


20.20 


28.4 


21.32 


26.3 


23.58 


29.4 


24.26 


30.2 


26.03 


27.9 


21.30 


25. 


23. 43 


25. G 


20.92 


32.1 


24.08 


28.6 


29. 72 


34.4 


26.50 


29.0 


24. 54 


28. S 


22. 90 


30. 8 


22. 95 


32.3 


22. 42 


29.6 


23. 80 


28. 


28.49 


31.4 


29. 62 


36. 


31.02 


37.51 


31.73 


34.4 


29. 55 


33. 5 


30.77 


34.2 


31.03 


31. 


32.60 


34.4 


3J. 8G 


35. 9 



27.3!) 



20. 80 



25. 92 



-14.0 

—10.8 

— 6.5 

— 2.2 
13.5 

15.0 
12.4 
12.9 
19.2 

17.5 

22.2 
13.3 

18.0 
21.8 

IS. 5 

24.7 
22.4 
19.5 
7.G 
11.5 

11.5 

19.2 
22.8 
18.9 
28. 7 

28.6 
23. 7 
24. 5 

20. 2 
28. 3 



27.0 
10.02 



-3.0 
1.0 

2.7 

7.8 

23.2 

19.2 
20.5 
18.8 
21.0 
25.0 

25.8 
18.0 
23.7 
29.6 

21.7 

31.2 
24.3 
25. 1 
25.8 
22.8 

19.7 
24.8 
29.4 
33.5 
35.8 

30.7 
29.0 
31.2 
29.4 
33.2 



23.15 



Diff. 



19.1 
21.1 
14.7 
17.8 
20.4 

18.4 
16.0 
13.4 
10.2 
12.7 

5.7 
12.3 

7.0 
10.3 
10.1 

9.7 
6.6 

9.3 

23.2 
20.8 

18.1 

8.8 
11.6 
17.7 

9.1 



9.8 
9.7 
7.8 
6.1 

8.9 

12.05 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 247 

Table showing the temperature of the air at TJglaamic from October, 1SS1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Ueiglit of the tlieimometer above the surface of the eartli, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.) 



Date. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. in. 


(> a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 in. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. in. 


18S3. 
June l... 


30.5 


30.5 


29.9 


29.8 


29.9 


29.0 


29. 5 


29.4 


29.4 


30.1 


29.5 


30.1 


30.4 


30.9 


.Tune '_'... 


32.2 


31.2 


30. 5 


30.1 


28.9 


27. 6 


26.0 


20.7 


26.1 


26.4 


20. 5 


26.6 


20.7 


28.1 


.Tune :;... 


27.6 


27.0 


27.2 


20.7 


26.4 


20.2 


25.6 


24.7 


26.0 


25.1 


24. 5 


24.5 


25.5 


25.8 


Juno 4... 


22.3 


21.5 


.20.8 


20.3 


20.0 


20.1 


20.3 


20.2 


20.4 


21.2 


20.0 


21.0 


24.1 


23.8 


June 5 .. 


29.1 


29.3 


20.7 


25.7 


25. 2 


'24.9 


24.2 


23.7 


23.2 


24.2 


25.2 


25.8 


27.0 


28.4 


.Tune . . . 


34.0 


32.4 


31.3 


31. 5 


30.5 


31.7 


32. 5 


33. 5 


33.3 


34.2 


35.2 


35.2 


36.0 


37.2 


June 1 ... 


39.0 


38.3 


38.3 


35.5 


34.0 


35.2 


31.5 


27.8 


27.4 


29.1 


29.5 


30.4 


31.7 


32. G 


June 8... 


31. 3 


30. 


29.0 


29.2 


28.4 


28.2 


28.4 


28.8 


29.4 


29.9 


30.1 


30.2 


31.1 


32.0 


June 0... 


30.1 


29.5 


28. 5 


28.4 


27.6 


20.4 


20.1 


25.8 


25.8 


25.5 


25.5 


25. 


20.3 


27.4 


Jane 1». .. 


32.4 


31.7 


31.3 


29.4 


27.0 


27.4 


27.9 


29.1 


29.7 


30.0 


31.1 


32.4 


33.9 


35.1 


Juno ] 1. . . 


33. 2 


30. 


29.7 


27.8 


27.0 


20.8 


26.6 


26.7 


26.8 


20. 5 


27.3 


25.1 


20.8 


27.0 


Jonc 12... 


30. C 


29.7 


29.8 


29.0 


29.3 


29. 2 


28.6 


29.1 


29.1 


30.1 


30.4 


29.5 


30.2 


31.3 


Juno l'J . . . 


33.3 


33.3 


33.2 


33.0 


32.4 


32.0 


32.1 


32.3 


32.0 


32.8 


34.0 


35.4 


3G. 8 


37.4 


June 14. .. 


33.7 


33.3 


32.3 


32.3 


31.7 


31.7 


32.3 


32.5 


32. 5 


33.2 


33.1 


33.8 


34.2 


34.3 


Juno 15... 


33.3 


32.5 


31.4 


31.0 


30.8 


31.3 


31.4 


31.3 


31.4 


32.0 


33.0 


33.3 


32.9 


33.5 


June 10... 


31.5 


31.1 


30.6 


30.5 


30.1 


29.8 


29.0 


29.6 


29.9 


30.1 


30.7 


32.5 


31.7 


32. 3 


June 17... 


30.1 


29. 3 


28.4 


27.4 


20.8 


25.2 


25.0 


26.0 


26.9 


27.8 


28.9 


29.6 


30.7 


31.0 


June 1?... 


35.2 


35. 


32.1 


29.7 


29.4 


29.1 


28. S 


29.4 


29.0 


30.1 


30.8 


31.5 


30.7 


31.2 


June 13... 


32.2 


31.1 


30.7 


30.2 


29.0 


29.2 


28.4 


29.0 


28.0 


28.5 


28. 7 


29.0 


30.0 


31.2 


June 20... 


31.3 


30.1 


29.0 


28.7 


27.6 


27.2 


27.4 


28.0 


29.9 


29.8 


29.5 


30.1 


31.7 


32.4 


June 21... 


35.9 


32. 3 


30.7 


30.2 


29.2 


28.8 


28.1 


27.9 


27.2 


27.8 


27.0 


28.8 


29.4 


30.1 


.Tune 22 .. 


2S.7 


28. 2 


28.2 


27.3 


27.3 


27.1 


27.4 


27.8 


27.7 


27.3 


28.2 


29.5 


30.3 


32.2 


June 23... 


31.5 


28.7 


28.0 


28. 


30.1 


30.5 


31.3 


31.5 


31.4 


31.5 


32.0 


32.1 


32.5 


33.9 


June 24. .. 


30.8 


37.2 


35.4 


33.0 


32.5 


32.1 


32.3 


31.5 


31.3 


31.5 


32.5 


33.5 


34.3 


34.4 


Juno 2:>... 


37.0 


3G.3 


35.4 


33.9 


33.1 


31.5 


31.3 


31.2 


31.1 


31. G 


31.2 


32.4 


32.5 


32.7 


June 26... 


36.2 


35.5 


34.5 


34.1 


33.5 


33.1 


33.3 


33.5 


33.5 


33.3 


33.5 


33.9 


34.2 


34.8 


Juno 27. .. 


34.5 


34.0 


34.4 


34.2 


34.2 


34.4 


33.9 


34.0 


33.0 


34.1 


34.3 


33.9 


34.3 


30.1 


Juno 2S... 


35.7 


35.5 


35.0 


34.0 


34.2 


34.4 


35.0 


35.5 


30.6 


39.0 


41.3 


44.5 


40.0 


49.7 


Juno 29... 


47. S 


40.1 


40.3 


41.0 


40.7 


40.3 


39.5 


39.1 


40.1 


39.1 


37.2 


37.4 


39.0 


39.7 


June 30... 


40.4 


39.9 


40.5 


38.3 


40.1 


36.8 


30.4 


37.5 


39.0 


38.4 


37.7 


37.5 


37.2 


37.4 


Means.. 


33.25 


32.19 


31.48 


30.75 


30.27 


29.93 


29.73 


29.79 


29.90 


30.40 


30. G5 


31.19 


32.00 


32.84 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


i p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. ni. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Max. 


Mm. 


Diff. 


1SS3. 






























Juno 1 . . . 


31.0 


32.1 


33.2 


34.0 


34.2 


34.4 


33.3 


33.1 


32.5 


32.0 


31. 25 


34.8 


27.9 


0.9 


Juno 2... 


28.5 


28.8 


30.3 


32.0 


31.8 


31.5 


30.2 


30.4 


29.8 


28.9 


29.02 


33.0 


24.5 


8.5 


Juno 3 . . . 


25.9 


20.7 


27.4 


20.9 


26.4 


25.0 


24.9 


23.4 


23.1 


22.7 


25.66 


30.7 


20.9 


9.8 


Juno 4 . . . 


20.5 


25.9 


26.1 


28.1 


27.6 


30.1 


28.3 


28.7 


~~28.1 


28.1 


23.92 


■ 30.2 


1S.2 


12.0 


Juno 5 . . . 


30.7 


33.9 


35. 6 


36.2 


3G. 


37.1 


37.1 


- 36.0 


35.8 


35.2 


29.87 


38.1 


22. 7 


15.4 


June 0... 


38.0 


38. 


38.6 


37.8 


37.9 


37.4 


37.4 


37.8 


38.3 


39.9 


35. 43 


39.4 


28.2 . 


11.2 


Juno 7... 


33.5 


33. G 


34.2 


33.9 


34.4 


34.2 


33.6 


32.7 


32.8 


31.9 


33.13 


39.4 


2G.2 


13.2 


June 8... 


32.2 


32. 7 


33.3 


32.8 


32.8 


32. S 


32.2 


31.5 


31.2 


30.7 


30.78 


33.4 


27.0 


6.4 


June 9... 


28. 5 


29.3 


30.5 


31.5 


31.9 


32.0 


31.8 


32.0 


32.1 


32.5 


28.78 


32.5 


24.2 


8.3 


June 10. .. 


34.0 


35.2 


35.4 


35.4 


34.6 


34.6 


33.9 


33.9 


33.7 


33.9 


32. 28 


36.3 


23.7 


10.0 


Juno 11... 


30.4 


30.7 


31.7 


32.0 


31.3 


31.4 


32.1 


32.1 


30.9 


30.5 


29.23 


34.9 


24.7 


10.2 


Juno 12... 


31.8 


32.9 


33.5 


34.2 


34.2 


34.7 


33.9 


33.7 


34.0 


33.5 


31.37 


35.4 


27.5 


7.9 


Juno 13... 


37.9 


38.4 


38.5 


37.8 


36.0 


36.0 


35.4 


34.4 


34.1 


33.6 


34.70 


38.9 


30.8 


8.1 


June 14. .. 


34. G 


35.4 


35.6 


35.4 


35.4 


35.4 


35.4 


35.2 


34.4 


33.7 


33.81 


35. G 


30.5 


5.1 


Juno 15... 


33.8 


34.5 


34.6 


34.0 


33.7 


33.9 


33.5 


32.8 


32. 5 


31.9 


32. 73 


34.9 


29.8 


5.1 


June 10... 


33.9 


34. 


33.9 


33.9 


33.7 


33.5 


33.1 


33.1 


31.7 


30.8 


31.70 


35.5 


28.3 


7.2 


Jnne 17. .. 


32.5 


33. 7 


34.6 


34.0 


34.2 


35.2 


34.5 


34.0 


34.0 


35. G 


30.77 


35.7 


23. G 


12.1 


June 18... 


32.3 


32. 


32.8 


33.0 


33.7 


34.2 


34.1 


34.0 


33.4 


32.7 


31.89 


3G.2 


27.3 


8.9 


June 19. .. 


32.3 


33.2 


34.7 


35.4 


35.4 


35.5 


35.0 


34.4 


32.6 


31.8 


31.53 


35.5 


26.5 


9.0 


Juno 20. .. 


33.5 


35. 


35.9 


36.4 


30. 9 


37.2 


34.1 


33.9 


33.9 


35.8 


31.91 


37.4 


25.0 


11.8 


June. 21... 


30.4 


30.8 


30.1 


30. 5 


31.3 


31.0 


30.7 


30.0 


29.8 


29.0 


29.90 


35.8 


25.7 


10.1 


June 22 . . . 


32.9 


32.7 


33.5 


33.9 


33.9 


33.5 


32.5 


32.1 


31.8 


31.8 


30.24 


34.0 


25.4 


8. G 


June 2::. .. 


::4.:: 


34.4 


35.4 


36.2 


35.7 


35.5 


35.6 


35.5 


30.2 


35.2 


32.82 


36.1 


2G. 


10.1 


June 24. .. 


35.2 


35.0 


35.0 


36.0 


36.9 


37.2 


37.0 


37.4 


30.8 


36.8 


34.70 


37.3 


30.1 


7.2 


June 25. .. 


32. 6 


33.5 


34.3 


34.7 


35.6 


36.8 


36.4 


36.2 


36.1 


35.7 


33.88 


30.7 


30.0 


G.7 


June 20... 


35. 3 


35. 6 


35.8 


30.2 


30.2 


35.9 


35.3 


35.0 


34.3 


34.3 


34. 02 


30.3 


32.0 


4.3 


Jnne 27 . . . 


3G.3 


36.5 


36. 


37.0 


30.9 


36. 5 


35.9 


35.7 


35.2 


35.5 


35. 08 


37.2 


32.5 


4.7 


June 28... 


50.4 


40.1 


39.3 


37.9 


37.1 


36.4 


37.3 


38.5 


40.7 


46. G 


39.27 


50.9 


33.2 


17.7 


June 29... 


39.4 


40.3 


48.1 


49.5 


39.2 


39.8 


41.2 


41.8 


43.7 


42. 2 


41. 13 


50.4 


35.5 


14.9 


June 30. .. 


37.3 


38.0 


38.0 


38.0 


37.2 


37.9 


37.2 


37.2 


38.0 


37.2 


33. 07 


42. S 


3t.O 


8.2 


Means.. 


" 


33. S4 


34.59 


34.86 


34.40 


34.55 


34.10 


33. 90 


33. 72 


33. 67 


32. 32 


30. 84 


27. 50 


9.34 



248 



EXPEDITION TO POINT mEROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883— Continued. 

[Height of the thermometer sftove the surface of the earth, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time. — j hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. rn. 


la. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. rn. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. rn. 


12 m. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


1883. 
July 1 ... 


30. 4 


35.2 


34.4 


34.1 


33.7 


33.9 


33.2 


32.5 


32.6 


33.6 


35.1 


34.9 


35.0 


35.4 


July 2 ... 


34.9 


34.5 


34.0 


33.9 


34.8 


33.7 


33.3 


33.1 


33. 2 


33.6 


33.9 


34.9 


34.6 


35.4 


July 3 ... 


30.3 


35.6 


35.3 


35.0 


35.0 


35.2 


35.3 


35.3 


3l!o 


35.4 


36.5 


38.7 


41.1 


40.4 


July 4 . . . 


39.1 


39.2 


38.1 


37.5 


36.2 


36.0 


35. S 


35.6 


35.7 


35.9 


37.4 


37.5 


37.4 


37.8 


Jul y 5 ... 


35.2 


34.8 


35.1 


34.0 


33.9 


33.5 


33.4 


33.' 7 


33.5 


34.0 


34.9 


35.3 


35.2 


35.7 


July 6 ... 


34.3 


34.1 


33.9 


33.7 


33.3 


33.2 


33.7 


34.0 


34.6 


34.5 


34.6 


34.8 


35.2 


35.5 


July 7 ... 


42.9 


38.4 


37.6 


37.5 


37.1 


37.0 


37.8 


38.0 


41.5 


43.3 


44.8 


45.8 


46.9 


48.3 


July 8 ... 


51.2 


50.3 


47.8 


47.3 


45.8 


45.3 


40.3 


36.2 


35.2 


35.1 


35.4 


35.9 


34.7 


34.1 


July 9 ... 


36.2 


37.2 


33.0 


38.1 


35.0 


35.6 


32.9 


36.2 


39.3 


38.8 


36.4 


37.4 


37.6 


37.3 


July 10 . . . 


31.5 


30.7 


30.2 


30.1 


29. G 


29.8 


30.0 


30.2 


30.5 


31.2 


32.4 


33.8 


34.4 


35.5 


July 11 ... 


38.5 


38.7 


38.9 


35.8 


35.2 


36.3 


36.9 


37.4 


38.3 


38.0 


37.9 


38.2 


37.6 


37.8 


July 12 ... 


35.9 


34.6 


34.5 


34.2 


33.9 


33.9 


33.7 


33.5 


33.9 


34.1 


33.9 


34.1 


34.2 


34.3 


July 13 ... 


30.5 


36.1 


34.5 


35.0 


33.9 


34.3 


34.5 


34.7 


34.7 


35.2 


34.5 


34.4 


36.6 


35.9 


July 14 ... 


35.5 


36.5 


34.1 


33.3 


32.1 


32.3 


34.9 


36.4 


33.4 


33.8 


34.9 


36.0 


35.7 


35.4 


July 15 ... 


35.9 


7.4 


35.3 


34.6 


34.4 


34.4 


34.2 


34.0 


33.5 


34.5 


33.7 


34.1 


34.6 


34.7 


July 1G . - . 


34.1 


33.9 


33.9 


33.6 


33.3 


33.5 


33.5 


33.0 


33.0 


33.9 


32.6 


34.4 


35.2 


36.1 


July 17 ... 


33.1 


32.1 


31.8 


30.5 


29.4 


29.4 


29.6 


30.7 


32.5 


32.8 


32.2 


36.3 


36.9 


38.8 


July 18 ... 


38.9 


39.9 


37.9 


37.8. 


36.0 


37.2 


37.4 


39.5 


41.5 


42.5 


44.3 


45.2 


47.3 


39.9 


July 19 . . . 


48.2 


41.0 


43.3 


44.0 


37.4 


37.9 


38.3 


38.8 


40.4 


41.8 


37.5 


43.0 


42.7 


43.2 


July 20 ... 


37.9 


36.5 


30.2 


36.3 


35.8 


35.5 


35.2 


35.2 


35.1 


35.4 


35.7 


36.6 


36.3 


30.2 


July 21 ... 


34.5 


33.9 


33.2 


40.4 


32.3 


32.3 


32.5 


32.6 


32.3 


40.4 


33.1 


34.0 


34.4 


34.8 


July 22 . . . 


33.7 


32.8 


32.5 


32.2 


31.3 


30.9 


31.1 


31.6 


31.7 


32.0 


32.3 


33.5 


34.7 


36.1 


July 23 . . . 


32.0 


34.5 


34.0 


31.5 


30.1 


29.2 


29.2 


29.1 


30.8 


32.5 


32.1 


32.0 


32.4 


32.5 


July 24 ... 


31.5 


31.1 


30.0 


30.1 


30.2 


30.3 


30.0 


29.4 


28.8 


29.1 


29.9 


31.1 


32.3 


35.4 


July 25 ... 


40.8 


40.8 


39.3 


35.9 


35.4 


33.5 


33.1 


35.8 


36.5 


38.3 


36.4 


34.9 


35.2 


39.5 


July 26 . . . 


39.8 


35.6 


33.2 


32.2 


31.7 


31.3 


31.1 


31.3 


32.9 


33.5 


34.9 


37.1 


37.9 


39.4 


July 27 ... 


39.3 


38.9 


37.9 


36.5 


34.6 


34.0 


34.4 


35.4 


36.9 


37.3 


37.6 


38.3 


38.6 


39.3 


July 28 . . . 


30.3 


35.4 


34.5 


34.4 


33.9 


33.1 


32.7 


33.1 


33.9 


30.4 


36.9 


37.2 


87.4 


37.6 


July 29 . . . 


32.2 


32.2 


31,6 


31.1 


30.5 


29.8 


29.4 


29.4 


29.7 


31.1 


30.8 


30.5 


31.2 


32.5 


July 39 ... 


32.0 


31.9 


31.1 


30.6 


30.1 


30.1 


29.6 


29.4 


28.9 


29.4 


29.3 


29.4 


30.2 


31.1 


July 31 . . . 


35.0 


34.7 


33.6 


32.3 


29.7 


29.2 


29.3 


29.0 


29.1 


29.2 


30.1 


30.4 


31.6 
36.29 


33.4 


Means.. 


36.80 


30.08 


35.22 


34.95 


33.73 


33.60 


33.43 


33.70 


34.15 


35.05 


34. SO 


35.80 


36.75 



Date. 



o p. m. 



1S83. 

July 1 

July 2 

July 3 

July 4 

July 5 

July 6 

July 7 

Jnlv 8 

July 9 



Julv 10 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 

July 15 
July 10 

July 17 
Jnlv 18 
July 19 

July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 23 
July 24 

July 25 
July 26 
July 27 
July 28 
July 29 

July 30 
July 31 

M< ans. 



34.6 
36.4 
39.9 
38.5 

36.1 
37.6 
50.4 
34.7 
36.2 

36.7 
38.0 
35.1 
35.1 
36.7 

35.2 
36.7 
39.5 
40.5 

43.4 

36.2 
35.6 
30.0 
33.1 
35.1 

41.1 

40.0 
40.0 
38.0 
32.6 

32.2 
35.5 



4 p. m. 



34.2 
30.7 
38.7 
38.0 

35.2 
37.9 
52.3 
35.5 
35.1 

37.1 
38.4 
37.4 
35.2 
30.9 

30.0 
37.0 
42.3 
40.7 
43.2 

37.1 
35.4 
30.4 
33.4 
34.4 

36.6 
39.9 
40.4 
39. 1 
32.9 

33. 5 
30.0 



5 p. m. 



33.9 
36.0 
38.3 
39 9 

35.4 
40.2 
51.7 
36.9 
34.4 

39.3 
38.3 
36.0 
36.1 
37.6 

36.2 
37.8 
41.8 
41.5 
43.0 

36.6 
35.7 
36.2 
33.9 
34.7 

37.4 
41.4 
40.7 
39.6 
33.3 

33.9 
36.9 



a. m. 



33.9 
37.7 
37.9 
37.6 

35.4 

40.4 
50.2 
36.7 
35.1 

40.1 
38.6 
36.7 
36.6 
-37.7 

36.4 

38.3 
41.2 
40.3 
39.6 

36.4 
35.8 
35.7 
34.2 
35. 1 

37.4 
42.2 
40.6 
39.8 
33.0 

34.4 
37. 6 



7 p.m. S p. m. 



9 p. m. 



34.4 
35.4 
39.3 
38.1 

36.0 
42.5 
50.5 
36.4 
35.4 

40.1 
38.6 
36.2 
37.2 
38.3 

37.2 
39. 5 
39.6 
40.0 
41.6 

30.7 
36.0 
35.9 
34.4 
35.6 

37.2 
40.7 
40.3 
40.5 
33.9 

35.6 

36.6 



37. 33 37. 57 



37. 83 



35.9 
39.0 
40.2 
37.8 

36.4 
42. 2 
5L2 
36.9 
35.4 

40.6 
38.3 
36.1 
36.3 
37.5 

37.0 
38.3 
39.1 
41.2 

41.5 

37.8 
36.6 
36.8 
35.4 
36.4 

36.4 
40.7 
40.1 
40.0 
34.1 

36.4 

36.4 



38. 09 38.34 



35.1 
38.7 
38.8 
37.9 

37.2 
43.5 
52.8 
35.9 
34.1 

40.8 
37.7 
35.9 
38.2 
37.7 

36.8 
36.8 
38.3 
42.8 
39.2 

38.5 
36.0 
35.3 
35.4 
38.6 

30.4 
40.4 
39.4 
38.3 
33.7 

36.4 
36.6 

38.17 



10 p. m. 



35.1 
37.9 
39.5 
37.5 

37.4 
42.6 
52.5 
36.1 
33.8 

39.7 
37.4 
36.1 
36. 5 
38.1 

35.9' 
36.2 
38.4 
43.0 
40.4 

37.0 
35.5 
34.6 
34.3 
39.5 

38.5 
40.1 
39.3 
35.8 
33.5 

35,5 

36.5 



37.88 



11 p. m. 



12 p. m. 



Daily 
means. 



34.9 
36.3 
40.3 
36.2 

36.3 
41.7 
52.0 
35.3 
32.5 

38.3 
37.6 
35.6 
37.2 
37.4 

35.0 
35.3 
38.4 
44.5 
40.0 

36.0 
35.2 
33.9 
33.6 
40.3 

38.8 
39. 9 
38.8 
35.0 
33.1 

35.4 

35.6 



35.0 
37.1 
39.3 
35.5 

34.8 
40.7 
53.2 
35.1 
31.9 

38.3 
36.5 
35.4 
37.4 
37.2 

34.5 
34.1 
39.0 
42.8 
40.1 

34.9 
34.2 
33.7 
32.5 
40.6 

39.0 

39.8 
38.4 
33.0 
32.4 

35.7 
35. 2 



34.40 
35.38 
37.58 
37.37 

35.10 
37.03 
45.57 

38. S2 

35. 65 

34.62 
37.70 
34.97 
35.69 
35.81 

35.25 
35. 22 
35.57 
40.97 
41.23 

30. 30 
34.89 
33.81 
32.61 
33.34 

37.26 
36.90 
38.21 

36. 33 
31.85 

32.17 
33.30 



Mas. 



38.7 
39.6 
42.2 
40.2 

37.5 
43.9 
53.1 
53.2 
39.4 

41.2 
39.7 
37.5 
37.6 
38.9 

37.9 
39.1 
41.2 

48.3 
48.7 

40.9 
37.2 
37.8 
35.6 
40.2 

41.3 
42. 2 
41.3 
40.9 
34.5 

36.3 
37.6 



Min. 



31.4 
31.9 
33.4 
33.8 

32.0 
32.0 
35.8 
32.9 
30.7 

28.3 
33.7 
32 5 
32.5 
30.4 

32.3 
31.9 
28.0 
34.2 
34.8 

34.0 
31.0 
29.4 

27.4 
27.7 

30.8 
29.8 
32.3 
31. S 

27.9 

27.3 

27.7 



Diff. 



.43 



37.01 



30.17 



40.70 I 31.28 



7.3 

7.7 
8.8 
G.4 

5.5 
11.9 
17.3 
20.3 

8.7 

12.9 
6.0 

5.0 
5.1 

8.5 

5.6 

7.2 

13.2 

14.0 

13.9 

0.9 
6.2 
8.4 
S.2 
12.5 

10.5 

12.4 

9.0 

9.1 

6.6 

9.0 
9.9 

9.48 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPPOW, ALASKA. 



249 



Table showing the temperature of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



Jlii.ulit of the tlieinuiinetei' above the surface of the earth, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,- 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


1 a. m. 


2 a. ii'. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. in. 


5 a. r.i. 


a. m. 


7 a. in. 


8 a. m. 


a. in. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


lp.jon, 


2 p. ra. 


1883. 






























Aug. 1 ... 


34.2 


34.4 


34.0 


33.9 


33.5 


33.3 


33.0 


33. 2 


33.1 


33. 3 


33.0 


33. 7 


34.4 


85. 4 


Aug. 2 ... 


34. 9 


34. 5 


34.2 


34.0 


33.9 


33. 5 


33.7 


34.0 


34.2 


34.9 


33.4 


30. 1 


37. U 


38.3 


Aug. :i ... 


30.3 


35.7 


34.9 


34.8 


35.0 


34.2 


33.9 


31. 


33.6 


33.9 


35.0 


37.1 


38. 4 


38. 5 


Aug. 4 ... 


30. 4 


35.0 


34.9 


34.4 


35. 2 


35. 5 


35. 4 


35. 4 


35. 2 


35. 4 


36. 


30. 4 


37.9 


38.0 


Aug. 5 ... 


35.7 


35.1 


34.6 


33.9 


33.3 


32.7 


32. 9 


33.5 


33.9 


34.4 


35. 


35. 2 


35.0, 


35. K 


Aug. o ... 


35.0 


34. 5 


34.2 


33.9 


33.9 


34.0 


34.1 


34. 4 


34. 'J 


34.1 


34.4 


34.0 


34.1! 


34. 


Aug. 1 ... 


33.5 


33.0 


33.3 


33.5 


33.5 


33.6 


33.7 


33.7 


33.5 


33.6 


34.4 


35. 2 


37. 0( 


38. 2 


Aug. 8... 


39.9 


41.0 


43.2 


43.0 


43.9 


43.6 


44.0 


44.0 


45.0 


45.0 


46.4 


47.9 


50. 3 


10.2 


Aug. 9... 


52. S 


50.0 


40.4 


44.4 


43.4 


42.8 


42.2 


42.2 


44.0 


40.9 


48.9 


50.3 


54. 1 


58. 1 


Aug. 10 . . . 


44.1 


42.3 


39.4 


38.1 


38.0 


38.1 


3*3 


39.5 


42.2 


41.8 


. 45. 2 


48.0 


51.7 


49. 9 


Aug. 11 - . - 


42.2 


40.4 


39.1 


40.5 


40.2 


41.0 


38.5 


38.5 


37.7 


37.9 


37.5 


38.9 


39.8 


45.1 


Aug. 12 . . . 


40.5 


46.7 


49.0 


48.9 


46.2 


45.0 


43.2 


42.6 


41.7 


41.8 


42.2 


41.8 


43.9 


40.2 


Aug. Ill ... 


37.9 


39.8 


40.3 


40.1 


40.5 


40.6 


40.5 


39.1 


3S.3 


39.3 


39.3 


39.1 


37.0 


36.8 


Aug. 14 ... 


34.4 


34.5 


34.2 


34.0 


34.2 


34.2 


34.0 


34.0 


32.4 


33.0 


34.1 


35.2 


37.3 


39.0 


Aug. 15 . . . 


40.5 


39.3 


36.1 


35. 8 


34.2 


33.9 


33.3 


32.5 


33.2 


35.0 


37.3 


38.8 


41.8 ■ 


44.5 


Aug. 1 (i . . . 


47.3 


45. 5 


44.8 


43.0 


43.4 


42.6 


42. G 


40,6 


38.1 


37.9 


37.2 


38.1 


37.2 


37.2 


Aug. 17 ... 


38.0 


37.1 


36.6 


36.2 


36.1 


36.2 


36.2 


36.2 


34.0 


33.1 


32.9 


34.0 , 


34.4 


35.4 


Aug. 18 . . . 


39.9 


37.4 


36.4 


36.0 


37.0 


37.4 


37.6 


37.1 


35.2 


33.8 


33.6 


34.6 


34.2 


34.4 


Aug. 19 ... 


31.0 


30. 8 


30.3 


29.6 


29.4 


29.2 


28.0 


28.2 


27.5 


28.1 


28.0 


27.0 


28.2 


28.2 


Aug. 20... 


29.4 


28.7 


29.0 


29.4 


30.1 


30.2 


30.1 


30.1 


30.3 


30.3 


30.1 


29.9 


30.3 


30. 5 


Aug. 21 ... 


29.8 


29.2 


29.2 


28.7 


28.6 


27.9 


27.0 


27.2 


27.1 


26.4 


20.4 


26. 4 


2G. 1 


25.9 


Aug. 22 . . . 


25.6 


25.1 


25.2 


25.2 


24.9 


24. S 


24.7 


24.5 


24.6 


25.4 


26.4 


26.7 


27.3 


27.6 


Aug. 23... 


34.6 


34.1 


34.2 


34.0 


34.3 


34.7 


34.9 


35.7 


36.2 


36.4 


37.0 


36.6 


36.4 , 


37.1 


Aug. 24 . . . 


38.4 


38.1 


37.9 


37.6 


38.1 


38.3 


39.1 


39.3 


38.6 


38.4 


37.9 


36.0 


34.2 


33.9 


Aug. 25 ... 


27.1 


26.6 


26.9 


27.2 


27.4 . 


20.4 


27.2 


37.4 


27.3 


27.7 


27.5 


29.7 


29.4 


30.3 


Aug. 20... 


40.1 


40.3 


43.3 


44.0 


44.4 


42.7 


39.5 


39.8 


39.1 


37.9 


36.0 


34.6 


33.5 


33.7 


Aug. 27*.. 


29.7 


29.1 


29.0 


28.4 


29.0 


28.5 


28.8 


28.6 


29.1 


29.4 


30.0 


30.6 


32.0 


33.0 


Means .. 


30.86 


36.23 


33. 97 


35.65 


35.61 


35. 35 


35.10 


35.01 


34. 70 


35.03 


35.49 


36.04 


36.80 


37.45 



Date. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. re. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean's. 


Max. 


Min. 


Dirf. 


1883. 






























Aug. 1 ... 


35.6 


36.4 


36.2 


36.4 


36.9 


37.9 


37.4 


37.4 


36.4 


35.8 


34.98 


38.1 


32.0 


(i. 1 


.Aug. 2... 


38.9 


39.5 


39.9 


40.3 


40.0 


40.0 


38.6 


39.0 


38.3 


37.4 . 


36.71 


40.6 


32. 


S. 6 


Aug. 3... 


38.1 


39.3 


39.7 


40.6 


40.7 


40.1 


40.0 


39.3 


38.1 


37.7 


37.01 


40.9 


32.5 


8.4 


Aug. 4... 


37.9 


38.8 


38.7 


38.3 


38.8 


38.1 


37.7 


37.4 


37.0 


36.4 


30.08 


39.1 


33. 4 


5.7 


Aug. 5 . . . 


30.0 


36.7 


37.4 


38.3 


37.9 


38.3 


37.4 


36.4 


35.8 


35.8 


35.48 


38.5 


31.3 


7.2 


Aug. 0... 


34.8 


36.0 


36.1 


36.5 


36.0 


30. 


35.0 


34.4 


33.8 


33.3 " 


34.64 


30.7 


32.1 


4.6 


Aug. 7... 


40.2 


41.5 


42.6 


44.3 


45.3 


40.9 


45.2 


44.4 


42.5 


42.5 


38.13 


4S.7 


32. 


16.7 


Aug. 8 ... 


44.5 


43.8 


44.9 


44.3 


42.8 


42.3 


47.4 


48.9 


54.7 


54.9 


45. 52 


54.0 


38.8 


15.8 


Aug. 9... 


60.3 


57.0 


57.2 


CO. 5 


57.5 


54.7 


52.9 


50.6 


50.1 


46.7 


SO.til 


«0.5 


40.5 


20.0 


Aug. 10 . . . 


53.2 


54.0 


50.7 


46.3 


43.8 


47.8 


45.1 


43.6 


43.4 


42.6 


44.46 


57. 1 


36.5 


20.6 


Aug.ll... 


47.0 


47.7' 


48.1 


49.2 


48.3 


44.4 


47.3 


45.5 


48.1 


46.4 


42.89 


49.7 


36.2 


13.5 


Aug. 12 ... 


49.9 


52.3 


52.4 


45.0 


41.2 


41.2 


39.4 


40.0 


39.5 


3S. 9 


44.40 


53.5 


37.7 


15.8 


Aug. 13 ... 


37.4 


37.0 


36.7 


37.0 


37.4 


36.9 


35.4 


34.7 


35.0 


34.5 


37.04 


40.9 


33.4 


7. 5 


Aug. 14 ... 


40.0 


38.8 


39.3 


40.4 


40.4 


41.0 


41.0 


43.0 


40.8 


40.3 


37.06 


43.8 


31.2 


12.0 


Aug. 15 ... 


47.2 


43.2 


49.4 


45.7 


47.7 


46.4 


43.5 


43.6 


46.5 


46.5 


40.00 


50.9 


31.0 


19.9 


Aug. 16 . . . 


37.0 


37.7 


36.7 


37.4 


37.9 


40.4 


41.3 


40.6 


39.1 


39.0 


40.11 


48.2 


35.5 


12.7 


Aug. 17 ... 


37.7 


37.8 


38.0 


39.5 


40.2 


41.9 


42.0 


43.3 


43.1 


4L. 2 


37. 55 


44.8 


31.8 


13.0 


Aug. 18 .-.. 


34.8 


34.0 


33.5 


32.7 


32.5 


32.0 


32.5 


32.3 


32.2 


31.7 


34.70 


42.8 


30.3 


12.5 


Aug. 19 . . . 


23.4 


28.7 


28.7 


28.3 


29.2 


29.0 


29.2 


29.6 


29.1 


29.4 


28.95 


32.0 


20.2 


5.8 


Aug. 20 . . . 


30.8 


31.2 


31.0 


30.3 


30.2 


30.1 


30.1 


29.9 


30.0 


29.9 


30.10 


31.0 


27.2 


3.8 


Aug. 21 ... 


26.4 


25.9 


27.2 


27.6 


27.8 


27.7 


27.8 


27.5 


27.1 


20.6 


27.42 


31.2 


24. ' 


7.2 


Aug. 22 ... 


30.0 


31.1 


32.0 


32.7 


33.5 


34.5 


34.0 


84.4 


34.4 


34.6 


28. 36 


35.4 


22.4 


13. 


Aug. 23... 


37.9 


37.9 


38.3 


39.5 


38.8 


39.4 


39.2 


39.3 


38.8 


38.1 


34.06 


40.4 


32.6 


7.8 


Aug. 24 . . . 


33.8 


34.0 


33.7 


32.6 


32.4 


31.9 


30.5 


29.1 


28.3 


28.2 


36.81 


39.4 


26.8 , 


12.0 


Aug. 25 . . . 


31.0 


32.4 


33.7 


35.0 


36.4 


38.1 


39.6 


39.9 


39.9 


39.9 


35.01 


40.3 


25.2 


15.1 


Aug. 26 . . . 


33.7 


33. 5 


33.1 


32.3 


31.9 


32.0 


31.5 


31.0 


30.5 


30.3 


31.44 


44.4 


28.5- 


15.9 


Aug. 27*.. 


34.4 


36.2 


38.8 


40.3 


41.3 


42.4 


43.2 


43.7 


41.6 


40. 3t 


36.20 


44.8 


27.2 


17.0 


Means . . 


38.43 


• 38.03 


30.04 


38.94 


38.79 


38.94 


38.67 


38.47 


38.30 


37.74 


36.97 


43. 27 


31.42 


11.85 



* Station abandoned August 27, 1883. 



t Approximated. 



Temperature observations at Uglaamie, Alaska. 



Month. 



1881. 
November . . . 
December 



Whole period. 

1882. 

January 

February. ...-. 

March 

■April , 



Mean. Max. Miu. Range. 



— 0.05 
-17. 96 



— 9.00 



30.4 
11.5 



30.4 



-15. 49 20. 3 

-23. 16 — 2. 3 

- 4. 55 22. 8 

- 4. 30 32. 3 



-28.0 
-52.0 



58.4 
64.1 



-52.6 



83.0 



-45.6 
-52.5 
-30.4 
-23.5 



65.9 
50.2 
53.2 
55.8 



Month. 



1882. 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . . . 

October 

November . . . 
December 

Whole period. 



Mean. 


Max. 


Min. 


Eange. 


21.99 


37.0 


— 1.7 


38.7 


34. 52 


53.5 


24.5 


29.0 


43. 21 


65.5 


27.1 


38.4 


37.86 


58.9 


26.6 


32.3 


31.46 


51.3' 


19.5 


31.8 


8.77 


40.7 


—21.8 


62.5 


— 7.12 


28.8 


-35.5 


C4.3 


—17. 10 


8.0 


—42.0 


50.0 


8.83 


65.5 


—52.5 


118.0 



Mouth. 



18S3. 

January 

February 

March .'. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August* 

Whole period 



Mean. Max. Min. \ Kange. 



—16.9 

— 6.32 
—13.31 

— 2. 76 
23. 25 
32.32 
30.17 
36.97 



11.17 



12.3 
24.4 
20.2 
16.0 
37.8 
50.9 
53. 2 
60.5 



60.5 



41.8 
34.3 
51.4 
29.0 
—14. 
18.2 
27.3 
22. 4 



54.1 
58.7 
77.6 
45.0 
51. 8 
32 7 
25i9 
38.1 



111. 



H. Ex. 44 32 



* August for 27 days only. 



250 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October. 1881, to August. 1SS3. 



f Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Pate. 


a 


8 
ci 


a 


a 


S 

ci 


SB 


ci 


a 

ci 


a 

ci 


a 

© 


a 

ci 






CM 






a 

us 


A 


»— 


a 


A 


i 

© 


w 


g 

A 

CN 


— a 

.« cs 

fi = 


1881. 




















































Oct. 18 


88 


87 


90 


84 


8S 


85 


97 


97 


96 


95 


93 


96 


94 


90 


87 


85 


85 


SS 


87 


88 


86 


88 


92 


92 


89.9 


Oct. 19 


88 


88 


84 


86 


85 


84 


88 


90 


90 


92 


92 


88 


93 


93 


93 


97 


96 


97 


96 


95 


96 


illi 


97 


90 


91.0 


Oct. 20 


96 


96 


96 


92 


90 


95 


95 


94 


90 


98 


92 


93 


94 


95 


»2 


87 


89 


es 


89 


90 


89 


^7 


87 


93 


JW.fl 


Oct. 21 


92 


87 


91 


72 


92 


92 


93 


92 


91 


92 


91 


93 


90 


87 


88 


88 


- 88 


89 


91 


92 


92 


92 


90 


89 


89.7 


Oct. 22 


90 


91 


90 


91 


S9 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


87 


88 


90 


86 


84 


84 


80 


88 


SS 


86 


100 s 


77 


84 


88. a 


Oct. 23 


91 


SS 


79 


74 


91 


91 


83 


S3 


85 


S3 


84 


84 


SI 


82 


80 


88 


82 


89 


89 


89 


88 


86 


85 


85 


85.2 


Oct. 24 


81 


84 


83 


82 


91 


77 


80 


84 


84 


80 


85 


86 


88 


88 


78 


80 


77 


79 


80 


82 


84 


S4 


81 


87 


82.9 


Oct. 25 


87 


86 


88 


87 


85 


87 


85 


85 


85 


S2 


80 


78 


76 


78 


80 


85 


78 


87 


87 


87 


87 


80 


82 


85 


83.6 


Oct. 2U 


87 


80 


84 


84 


82 


SI 


86 


8fi 


85 


87 


83 


86 


80 


86 


79 


81 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


83 


81 


74 


82.7 


Oct. 27 


83 


70 


82 


86 


82 


82 


82 


81 


80 


84 


82 


79 


79 


75 


85 


85 


81 


73 


78 


86 


89 


84 


81 


76 


81.2 


Oct. 28 


74 


73 


75 


70 


74 


79 


82 


83 


87 


100* 


90 


86 


89 


SS 


88 


86 


87 


88 


88 


90 


84 


88 


84 


80 


84.1 


Oct. 29 


76 


83 


82 


83 


88 


85 


87 


87 


88 


87 


89 


S9 


87 


89 


88 


85 


72 


87 


S7 


86 


so 


91 


88 


87 


85.7 


Oct. 30 


88 


94 


94 


89 


89 


93 


88 


87 


85 


89 


88 


85 


87 


83 


85 


86 


88 


80 


81 


78 


80 


83 


82 


88 


86.5 


Oct, 31 


84 


88 


84 


86 


88 


86 


85 


84 


81 


84 


83 


82 


81 


85 


89 


82 


84 


88 


88 


85 


80 


85 


S5 


88 


85.0 


Means 


SJ. 


80.2 


85. 8 


83.7 


86. 7 


86.3 


87.2 


87.3 


87.3 


S9.2 


87.2 


S6.5 


80.6 


80.3 


86.0 


85.0 


S3. 6 


86.0 


SO. 2 


80.7 


80.5 


87.0 


85.1 


86.0, SO. 3 



1881. 


















































85.° 


Nor. 1 


88 


SS 


88 


88 


89 


SS 


95 


S7 


77 


86 


~2 


S6 


80 


84 


82 


84 


S4 


86 


86 


86 


84 


84 


74 


79 


Nov. 2 


80 


SO 


SO 


80 


86 


84 


82 


SO 


84 


84 


8-1 


8G 


86 


85 


87 


87 


80 


84 


84 


81 


85 


85 


83 


87 


847 


Nov. 3 


84 


84 


84 


84 


81 


81 


85 


St 


81 


81 


87 


82 


82 


81 


82 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


82 


82 


85 


82 


86 


82. 3 


Nov. 4 


79 


83 


S3 


80 


85 


85 


8a 


85 


82 


82 


83 


83 


81 


75 


87 


80 


82 


82 


86 


85 


85 


84 


91 


75 


82. *> 


Nov. 5 


76 


77 


80 


80 


82 


82 


76 


84 


86 


91 


94 


90 


90 


93 


86 


83 


87 


87 


83 


87 


90 


90 


80 


87 


85.0 


Nov. 6 


90 


97 


100 


90 


96 


88 


84 


82 


83 


S3 


78 


88 


87 


100 


96 


96 


89 


85 


96 


93 


97 


97 


96 


92 


91. a 


Nov. 7 


96 


S7 


no 


90 


no 


sn 


93 


no 


96 


78 


68 


83 


86 


80 


82 


87 


88 


92 


88 


92 


96 


96 


96 


96 


89.2 


Nov. 8 


85 


96 


96 


96 


96 


96 


100 


97 


93 


79 


100 


97 


93 


97 


96 


96 


90 


96 


96 


97 


96 


97 


90 


97 


!»4.9 


Nov. 9 


90 


90 


87 


90 


90 


94 


91 


88 


88 


85 


94 


90 


94 


91 


91 


91 


89 


91 


88 


91 


83 


89 


91 


86 


89.6 


Nov. 10 


85 


91 


84 


93 


90 


93 


97 


90 


n3 


96 


97 


87 


87 


83 


80 


90 


90 


90 


no 


97 


97 


90 


90 


93 


90.7 


Nov. 11 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


96 


89 


S9 


83 


80 


70 


81 


7G 


86 


86 


76 


76 


71 


57 


57 


5G 


49 


46f 


43 


76.5 


Nov. 12 


50 


43 


59 


59 


53 


60 


58 


57 


58 


58 


53 


55 


55 


57 


35 


46 


52 


42 


52 


68 


08 


61 


61 


60 


55.2 


Nov. 13 


SO 


80 


58 


05 


04 


64 


53 


69 


70 


68 


53 


53 


70 


64 


61 


61 


48 


45 


46 


45 


49 


42 


62 


43 


5S.8 


Nov. 14 


50 


70 


1 1 


81 


88 


97 


85 


88 


84 


68 


on 


69 


S3 


75 


66 


78 


81 


72 


85 


90 


86 


87 


85 


85 


79.3 


Nov. 15 


86 


S4 


84 


80 


90 


88 


90 


91 


88 


91 


88 


91 


91 


94 


93 


93 


89 


86 


90 


89 


89 


87 


84 


88 


SS. 7 


Nov. 10 


82 


84 


8S 


87 


90 


86 


83 


82 


83 


80 


79 


76 


81 


89 


94 


94 


94 


91 


91 


91 


90 


96 


76 


76 


85.9 


Nov. 17 


7M 


74 


04 


64 


55 


61 


59 


50 


80 


63 


63 


63 


04 


47 


84 


84 


54 


32 


76 


87 


92 


100" 


100* 


96 


70.3 


Nov. 18 


97 


93 


93 


93 


no 


96 


96 


96 


96 


96 


96 


93 


93 


93 


90 


90 


86 


77 


74 


74 


67 


80 


87 


88 


89.1 


Nov. 19 


84 


81 


88 


88 


91 


94 


86 


89 


87 


79 


83 


73 


85 


83 


82 


83 


82 


84 


84 


87 


82 


79 


79 


89 


84.3 


Nov. 20 


88 


88 


90 


87 


94 


85 


87 


94 


nt 


87 


S7 


87 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


96 


90 


86 


88 


87 


S5 


84 


88.9 


Nov. 21 


85 


8S 


82 


82 


85 


85 


87 


92 


— 


91 


91 


82 


78 


100 


100 


76 


79 


79 


83 


86 


91 


S2 


87 


90 


83.6 


Nov. 22 


96 


90 


96 


89 


96 


88 


79 


79 


78 


71 


58 


47 


48 


47 


55 


57 


63 


03 


69 


67 


75 


67 


73 


79 


72.3 


Nov. 23 


72 


73 


72 


51 


on 


75 


. 74 


42 


38 


45 


43 


36 


32 


41 


54 


47 


40 


46 


51 


49 


49 


49 


52 


63 


58.2 


Nov. 24 


75 


70 


74 


76 


70 


76 


76 


70 


70 


67 


72 


82 


82 


75 


72 


76 


72 


07 


68 


69 


S7 


87 


78 


79 


75.5 


Nov. 25 


63 


73 


74 


75 


92 


86 


83 


93 


83 


81 


81 


-81 


88 


88 


89 


100 


78 


78 


80 


80 


77 


77 


84 


85 


82. 1 


STor. 20 


85 


85 


88 


80 


87 


87 


84 


72 


83 


83 


85 


86 


88 


82 


88 


77 


75 


76 


86 


87 


S7 


S7 


80 


77 


83.3 


Nov. 27 


80 


78 


83 


83 


80 


81 


75 


78 


83 


SI 


82 


85 


S3 


83 


78 


SI 


80 


81 


100 


85 


84 


86 


89 


SS 


S3. 6 


Nor. 28 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


82 


70 


79 


81 


83 


80 


SO 


85 


82 


84 


85 


83 


86 


86 


SS 


S9 


87 


86 


81 


83. G 


Nov. 29 


80 


81 


84 


84 


87 


90 


90 


90 


89 


87 


87 


86 


84 


85 


84 


80 


80 


84 


82 


86 


88 


86 


88 


82 


85.4 


Nov. 30 


84 


81 


so 


84 
82. G 


87 
SI. 


93 


89 

83.0 


90 


89 


85 


96 


89 

79.0 


93 


87 


97 


100* 


86 


75 

76.8 


80 


86 


77 
82.2 


S9 


87 


84 
81.4 


87.2 


Moans 


81.6 


83.1 


83.1 


83.0 


82.7 


82.6 


79.6 


79.6 


80.7 


80.7 


SI. 7 


8J.G 


78.8 


76.9 


81.6 


S2.0 


81.4 


81.4 



~ Wet bulb read higher than dry bulb. 



f Interpolated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



251 



Table showing the moisture of the air (it Uglaamie from October, 1881, to Avrjust, 1883 — Continued. 

(TTtMnlit of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington meantime. Collection reduced to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


g 

ci 




a 


a 


5 

cj 



a 




cj 


a 

ci 
so 


5 

C3 


a 

cj 




a" 

ci 


a 

■M 


a 

p, 


a 

CI 


a 
p. 

C3 


S 


a" 

Pi 

13 


t> 


A 


P. 


a 

P. 





a 
p. 


a 

p\ 

CM 


pa 


1881. 




















































Dec. l 


92 


79 


78 


83 


70 


93 


74 


93 


90 


90 


S3 


74 


89 


75 


90 


77 


81 


84 


S2 


82 


83 


84 


85 


87 


83.6 


Dee. 2 


02 


88 


87 


86 


84 


03 


82 


88 


SO 


84 


87 


87 


84 


84 


78 


40 


88 


84 


77 


S8 


85 


84 


97 


10c* 


84.7 


Dec. :: 


83 


80 


80 


83 


85 


88 


92 


83 


87 


90 


97 


93 


100* 


96 


88 


73 


76 


00 


60 


53 


51 


56 


51 


55 


78.2 


Dec. 4 


CI 


3:j 


00 


50 


01 


51 


54 


63 


68 


57 


58 


53 


50 


51 


76 


66 


70 


75 


76 


81 


82 


78 


79 


83 


05.2 


Dec. 5 


711 


80 


92 


92 


92 


92 


88 


80 


84 


SI 


79 


83 


71 


87 


65 


65 


04 


100* 


05 


50 


50 


51 


52 


59 


75.2 


Dec. u 


59 


59 


57 


09 


5i 


57 


48 


43 


50 


05 


71 


67 


72 


77 


S3 


83 


79 


67 


83 


S3 


88 


92 


89 


84 


70.1 


Dec. 7 


73 


75 


S3 


89 


88 


79 


83 


77 


78 


83 


79 


79 


84 


S3 


92 


92 


89 


92 


96 


96 


96 


96 


92- 


79 


85.7 


Dec. 8 


83 


79 


SO 


83 


71 


78 


83 


78 


62 


60 


60 


58 


42 


56 


49 


49 


44 


50 


47 


50 


63 


51 


58 


43 


61.8 


Dec. li 


43 f 


48 


47 


46 1 


45 1 


50t 


59 


57 


54 


71 


80 


01 


63 


60 


73 


52 


50 


70 


81 


861 


92 


84 


84 


81 


65.4 


Dec. 10 


83 


83 


80 


SI 


SI 


so 


84 


83 


82 


88 


91 


91 


88 


91 


91 


81 


85 


7t 


83 


83 


89 


so 


T4 


73 


83.7 


Dec. 11 


7.1 


84 


02 


92 


78 


73 


52 


00 


06 


61 


65 


60 


66 


62 


67 


67 


C6 


70 


77 


83 


88 


88 


81 


89 


73.3 


Dec. 12 


77 


87 


97 


84 


79 


82 


G7 


05 


44 


44 


48 


47 


47 


43 


50 


50 


52 


64 


52 


63 


43 


48 


47 


47 


59.5 


Dec. 13 


fit 


48 


42 


53 


50 


51 


47 


51 


100* 


58 


03 


56 


58 


51 


51 


55 


48 


48 


53 


52 


53 


52 


57 


581 


55.0 


Dec. It 


UO 


40 


40 


51 


51 


40 


41 


54 


54 


49 


42 


42 


4t 


48 


44 


46 


44 


54 


59 


04 


58 


54 


54 


53 1 


49.5 


Dec. IT. 


32 


32 


58 


59 


07 


50 


52 


54 


54 


00 


06 


66 


72 


71 


71 


72 


71 


81 


71 


80 


SO 


71* 


64 


49 


G4. 7 


Dec. 10 


3') 


00 


01 


01 


59 


58 


100* 


100* 


100' 


59 


55 


53 1 


51 


57 


50 


50 


50 


43 


48 


48 


46 


41 


52 


48 


58.3 


Dec. 17 


3.; 


3:i 


44 


44 


58 


53 


51 


58 


06 


03 f 


."8 


53 


53 


69 


G8 


S8 


100" 


100 * 


100* 


100 


100 


100" 


100* 


100* 


72 2 


Dec. is 


100 


lUO' 


100* 


100* 


100* 


loo 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100' 


100* 


100' 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100" 


100 


100* 


100" 


100* 


100 


1 00.0 


Dec. 1!) 


100" 


100* 


10O- 


100* 


100* 


100' 


100* 


100 \ 


100} 


100' 


100; 


100; 


I00J 


100: 


100; 


100* 


100: 


10o; 


101.1 ; 


100* 


100?, 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100.0 


Der. 20 


100* 


I'm 


100- 


100* 


100* 


ll.HI 


100" 


inn 


loo-- 


ioo ; - 


100" 


loo* 


100* 


100' 


100" 


100" 


100' 


100" 


100 


100" 


100 


100- 


100* 


100* 


100.0 


Dec. 21 


100" 


100" 


100* 


100'' 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100 


100* 


100* 


100 


100 


100*! 100* 


100 


100 


100* 


100* 


100.0 


Dec. 22 


100* 


ICO- 


1 CO- 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100 


100* 


100* 


100" 


100 


100* 


100* 


100* 


86 


07 


88 


100* 


100 


100 


100- 


100* 


100* 


97.5 


Der. 23 


100 


100 


lOO 


100 


100* 


100* 


76 


7S 


79 


70 1 


00 


47 


47 


47 


55 


53 


69 


53 


58 


59 


50 


70 


81 


33 


70.5 


Dec. 24 


3:; 


33 


:>:: 


33 


40 


40 


53 


59 


55 


02 


09 


07 


SO 


88 


9tt 


100* 


100 


1001 


100* 


100 


100' 


100' 


100* 


100 


73.1 


Dec. 25 


78 


so 


OH 


SO 


90 


90. 


61 


49 


47 


651 


78 


56 


51 


47 


68 


61 


01 


58 


51 


CC 


G6 


06 


65 


50 


64.7 


Dec. 20 


44 


38 


3S 


40 


34 


40 


52 


32 


53 


47 


49 


52 


46 


50 


50 


47 


55 


50 


01 


50 


52 


41 


57 


54 


48.2 


Dec. 27 


00 


51 


51 


51 


52 


51 


62 


43 


4G 


58 


54 


58 


49 


66 


53 


51 


50 


51 


44 


37 


55 


64 


58 


38 


52.2 


Dec. 28 


:;7 


40 i 


44 


38 


45 1 


51 


57 


57 


58 


07 


60 


00 


54 


ei 


80 


58 


45 


52 


100 


100 


100 


100 


100* 


100" 


65. 2 


Dec. 29 


100 


70 


78 


58 


58 


09 


89 


81 


55 


05 


56 


50 


27 


46 


57 


51 


51 


50 


48 


58 


70t 


83 


82 


74 


64.0 


Dec. 30 


00 


03 


53 


54 


GG 


52 


48 


48 


G3 


03 


72 


77 


78 


88 


89 


85 


86 


87 


87 


97 


89 


74 


ii 


91 


73.1 


Dee. 3i 


so 


81 

7T0" 


81 


80 


72,8 


81 


83 
72. 2 


100* 


78 


85 


86 


80 

71.2 


8-3 


83 


84 


82 


loo 


100* 


100 


100* 


100* 


87 


100* 


82 


88.2 


Means. 


70 9 


72.7 


7i i 


72. 8 


72.9 


72. 1 


73.3 


69.0 


72.2 


74.7 


70. 3 


72.0 


74.5 


70.1 


7,7 


7S.5 


77.3 


7S.S 


74. 5 


73.6 


1882. 
Jan. 1 


85 


88 


85 


85 


90 


SS 


91 


90 


96 


88 


96 


87 


S2 


82 


76 


78 


77 


87 


76 


74 


75 


63 


04 


04 


81.9 


.Tan. 2 


59 


0! 


07 


05 


0.3 


67 


54 


07 


65 


50 


49 


50 


55 


46 


47 


55 


58 


55 


58 


46 


53 


53 


36 


OG 


56.2 


Jan. IS 


.1(1 


5t 


01 


01 


55 


56 


50 


52 


52 


57 


69 


68 


68 


01 


56 


01 


50 


62 


08 


62 


62 


61 


59 


58 


58. 7 


Jan. I 


30 


3li 


D8 


GO 


00 


75 


65 


64 


71 


70 


70 


G8 


08 


70 


70 


71 


80 


63 


G3 


72 


63 


63 


90 


70 


07.2 


Jan. ."> 


47 


07 


70 


88 


77 


77 


78 


89 


77 


88 


88 


88 


91 


78 


61 


64 


04 


65 


03 


65 


50 


82 


73 


80 


74.3 


Jan. 


80 


SO 


81 


80 


79 


77 


67 


77 


03 


88 


65 


64 


65 


89 


44 


78 


68 


67 


78 


79 


57 


68 


45 


47 


70.3 


Jan. 7 


47 


47 


51 


52 


52 


51 


01 


70 


79 


79 


08 


68 


68 


68 


79 


79 


79 


79 


38 


90 


58 


50 


62 


62 


64.8 


Jan. S 


02 


02 


Gl 


79 


68 


79 


89 


100 


05 


100* 


100* 


100* 


100 


88 


76 


77 


76 


S9 


89 


88 


100 


88 


69 


71 


82. 3 


Jan. !i 


00 


90 


09 


02 


79 


79 


79 


78 


89 


78 


100 


76 


100 


88 


79 


07 


56 


67 


89 


89 


7S 


67 


07 


67 


77. 2 


Jan. 1(|; 


89 


.89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


87 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


97 


97 


97 


9S 


97 


9S 


97 


96 


90 


9l! 8 


Jan. 11 


90 


0G 


0G 


07 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


99 


93 


97 


100 


100 


100 


100 


96 


94 


94 


94 


96 


9G 


97.0 


Jan. 12 


90 


00 


07 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


96 


96 


89 


94 


98 


93 


91 


91 


91 


91 


05.2 


Jan. 13 


01 


<K 


00 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


82 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84- 


84 


88 


88 


S3 


87.5 


Jan. 14 


oo 


00 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


90.5 


Jan. 1") 


92 


90 


02 


90 


92 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


00.6 


Jan. 10 


91 


01 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


00 


90.5 


Jan. 17 


01 


1)1 


01 


01 


01 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91.0 


Jan. IS 


91 


01 


91 


01 


91 


90 


00 


01 


01 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


90.9 


Jan. in 


01 


01 


91 


01 


01 


91 


91 


01 


01 


91 


01 


91 


01 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91.0 


Jan. 20 


01 


01 


91 


01 


01 


91 


01 


01 


91 


91 


01 


92 


92 


93 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


90 


90 


91 


91 


01.2 


Jan. 21 


01 


01 


01 


01 


1,1 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


01 


91 


91 


91 


95 


95 


95 


96 


96 


9G 


96 


97 


07 


97 


03. 


Jan. 22 


9G 


00 


00 


00 


00 


96 


90 


90 


96 


05 


04 


96 


94 


94 


94 


91 


90 


S9 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


93.2 


Jan. 23 


88 


87 


87 


S7 


80 


SO 


86 


85 


85 


83 


84 


81 


80 


81 


82 


82 


84 


83 


84 


84 


84 


83 


85 


85 


91.8 


Jan. 24 


85 


83 


8-5 


84 


83 


83 


82 


79 


80 


80 


79 


81 


SI 


SI 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


80 


81 


S3 


84 


84 


81.7 


Jan. 23 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


82 


84 


83 


82 


81 


81 


81 


83 


82 


82 


8-3 


83 


84 


S3 


86 


85 


88 


88 


82.8 


Jan. 20 


88 


88 


88 


88 


8S 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


85 


83 


82 


82 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


80 


82 


82 


82 


St. 5 


Jan. 27 


82 


82 


S2 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


79 


79 


79 


80 


SO 


80 


78 


78 


79 


79 


SO 


SO 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


80.2 


Jan. 28 


80 


80 


so 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


80 


80 


80 


78 


79 


78 


79 


79 


77 


77 


78 


77 


75 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78.3 


Jan. 29 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


70 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


74 


74 


75 


76 


75 


70 


76 


77 


74 


75. 5 


Jan. 30 


77 


70 


70 


70 


70 


76 


76 


7G 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


74 


75 


75 


74 


73 


76 


76 


73.0 


Jan. :;l 


70 

80.0 


75 
81.7 


81.7 


82. 


75 
82.3 


70 

83.0 


76 


76 


75 


75 
S4.1 


74 
84.1 


74 
83.4 


75 


74 


74 


76 


74 


_!L 


_L C - 


70 


76 


70 


76 


76 


75.2 


Means. 


S2.3 


84.1 


S2.9 


8,8 


82.9 


S0.1 


81.7 


80.8 


81.9 


82.4 


82.8 


80.7 


80.7 


80.1 


80.0 


S'2. 2 



Wet bulb reading h igher than dry bulb. t Interpolated. ; Below the scale 

§ On and after January 10, 1882', until August 27, 1833, relative humidity taken from hair hygrometer, 



252 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 



Table showing the moisture of the air at TJglaamic from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feot. "Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, -5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


a 


a 


a 

C3 




a 

a 


a 

a 


a 


a 


a 
« 


s 




a" 


a 


a 


a 

6 


a 


a 


a 

6 


a 


a 

6 


a 


a 

© 


ii 


M So 




■"■ 


« 


» 


* 


o 


!» 


*~ 


OO 


cs 




" 




— 


c* 


M 


>* 


IS 


5S 


*- 


30 


cs 


— 




pa 


1882. 


















































Feb. 1 


70 


70 


76 


75 


75 


74 


74 


76 


76 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


75 


75 


75.7 


Feb. 2 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


70 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


7fi 


76 


70 


76 


76.0 


Feb. 3 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


76 


78 


78 


78 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


t-0 


78.7 


Feb. 4 


80 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


76 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


70 


78.2 


Feb. 5 


76 


75 


75 


74 


74 


75 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


79 


79 


80 


80 


SI 


83 


82 


77. 5 


Fob. G 


82 


84 


84 


85 


86 


86 


80 


80 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


85 


84 


83 


S4.7 


Feb. 7 


82 


80 


82 


81 


£-3 


83 


83 


83 


S3 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


82.3 


Feb. 8 


80 


81 


80 


80 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


84 


84 


83 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


PR 


82.8 


Feb. 9 


82 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


£3 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


•80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


81.9 


Fob. 10 


83 


80 


82 


80 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


79 


82 


82.1 


Feb. 11 


79 


80 


79 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


78.8 


Fob. 12 


77 


77 


77 


76 


77 


7G 


76 


70 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


70 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


76 


77 


76.2 


Feb. 13 


70 


76 


76 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


70 


80 


76.9 


Feb. 14 


79 


79 


78 


77 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


77 


79 


79 


78.3 


Feb. 15 


79 


*) 


79 


80 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


S2 


81 


79.7 


Feb. 10 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81. 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


83 


83 


85 


81.2 


Feb. 17 


84 


82 


82 


82 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


80 


83.0 


Feb. 18 


80 


81 


81 


80 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81.0 


Feb. 19 


83 


83 


82 


81 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


SO 


S2 


81.7 


X>b. 20 


82 


82 


SI 


80 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


79 


79 


80.8 


Feb. 21 


78 


77 


77 


76 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


70 


76 


76 


77 


70.7 


Feb. 22 


76 


76 


76 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


74 


76 


75.7 


Feb. 23 


74 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


76 


75 


T5 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75.3 


Feb. 24 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


74 


74 


74.5 


Feb. 25 


74 


75 


73 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


75 


78 


74.9 


Feb. 26 


78 


76 


70 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


75 


77 


76.0 


Fob. 27 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


78 


79 


79 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


70 


77 


76.8 


Feb. 28 


77 


76 


77 


76 


77 


77 


78 


78 


79 


80 


80 


60 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


83 
79.2 


82 


85 


84 


85 


80.0 


Means. 


78.6 


78.4 


78.3 


7S.0 


78.8 


7S.9 


79.1 


79.1 


79.1 


79.0 


78.7 


78.8 


78.8 


78.8 


78.7 


78.7 


7S.8 


78.9 


79.0 


79.1 


79.3 


78.7 


79.4 


78. S 



1882. 




















































Mar. 1 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


85 


81 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


83 


82 


82 


81 


81 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


86 


83.7 


Mar. 2 


80 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


85 


80 


86 


86 


86 


80 


80 


86 


84 


84. 


85.4 


Mar. 3 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


84 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


83.6 


Mar. 4 


86 


86 


86 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


80 


86 


87 


67 


86 


87 


SO 


86 


85.0 


Mar. 5 


85 


85 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


85.0 


Mar. 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84.4 


Mar. 7 


86 


86 


84 


83 


85 


85 


85 


85 


R5 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


85 


84 


87 


84.8 


Mar. 8 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


89 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


92 


96 


96 


94 


94 


96 


95 


96 


90 


91.2 


Mar. 9 


95 


94 


93 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


93 


93 


93 


93 


95 


90 


96 


94 


92 


92 


91 


91 


S>2.(S 


Mar. 10 


91 


91 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91.0 


Mar. 11 


89 


89 


87 


85 


86 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


82 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


80 


82 


S3. 2 


Mar. 12 


82 


82 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


85 


87 


87 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


90 


84.7 


Mar. 13 


85 


86 


83 


83 


83 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


83 


82 


80 


80 


80 


83 


84 


84 


84 


86 


80 


86 


S6 


S3. 8 


Mar. 14 


87 


87 


87 


89 


89 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


83 


88 


87 


88 


89 


89 


86 


so 


87.8 


Mar. 15 


83 


84 


80 


81 


81 


80 


81 


80 


80 


80 


78 


80 


74 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


80 


81 


81 


81. 


79 


80 


79. S 


Mar. 16 


80 


79 


• 78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


81 


80 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


S2 


SO. 


Mar. 17 


81 


82 


82 


80 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


89 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


80.8 


Mar. 18 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


82 


82. 1 


Mar. 19 


83 


82 


81 


81 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


84 


83 


82 


83 


83 


S4 


S2.0 


Mar. 20 


84 


83 


84 


83 


83 


83 


82 


&2 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


SI. 3 


Mar. 21 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


7S 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


77 


76 


77 


7S 


78 


7S 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77.8 


Mar. 22 


78 


79 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


79 


80 


81 


81 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


79.2 


Mar. 23 


81 


81 


80 


80 


79 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


82 


SO. 7 


Mar. 24 


81 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


S3 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


S3 


83 


82 


82. 5 


Mar. 25 


83 


83 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


7* 


'lH 


80.8 


Mar. 20 


77 


78 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


80 


80 


81 


80 


80 


81 


SO 


79.0 


Mar. 27 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


77 


76 


76 


70 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


76 


78.0 


Mar. 28 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


70 


76 


76 


76 


7fi 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


77 


70 


76 


78 


78 


SO 


79 


7(U 


Mar. 29 


79 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


SI 


80. S 


Mar. 30 


82 


83 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


V9 


• ;i 


80.5 


Mar. 31 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


S3 


83 


J 


79. S 


Means. 


83.3 


82.7 


82.8 


82.6 


82.7 


82.8 


82.8 


! 82.8 
1 


J82.8 


i82.3 


82.5 


82.4 


82.0 


Isa.o 


82.2 

1 


82.2 


83.0 


83.2 


83.3 


83.4 


83.5 


S3.6 


83. 4 83. 3 


82.8 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



253 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881,20 August, 1SS3 — Continued. 

I Height of the hygrometer ahove the surface of the ground, i feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, - 5 Iioura 

17 minutes.] 



Date 




3 


a 


a" 


3 


£ 


s 


a 


a 


a 


a 




p 


3 




a 


« 


CJ 


e! 


a 


<3 


« 


a 


« 




^ 


Cl 


— 


p< 




— 


ci 


« 


■* 


H3 


SO 


t- 


* 


-• 









- 




1882. 




















Apr. 1 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


S2 


S2 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


Apr. 2 


SI 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


SI 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


Apr. 3 


82 


82 


82 


81 


SI 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 ' 


Apr. 4 


82 


SI 


81 


SO 


80 


80 


80 


SO 


SO 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


81 


A pr. 5 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


SI 


80 


SO 


80 


80 


Apr. C 


so 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


Apr. 7 


83 


83 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


85 


87, 


85 


93 


93 


93 


93 


Apr. 8 


87 


8.') 


84 


81 


8} 


84 


84 


81 


81 


81 


SI 


82 


83 


80 


Apr. 9 


84 


87 


87 


80 


88- 


89 


89 


89 


S3 


88 


90 


93 


92 


92 


Apr. 10 


82 


85 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


88 


88 


S8 


90 


90 


Apr. 11 


70 


78 


82 


78 


77 


7C 


70 


77 


77 


77 


74 


75 


77 


81 


Apr. 12 


83 


SO 


81 


82 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


79 


78 


78 


78 


79 


80 


Apr. 13 


70 


1 i 


70 


74 


79 


83 


83 


83 


85 


85 


91 


90 


90 


90 


Apr. J 4 


84 


85 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


S3 


80 


80 


SO 


79 


79 


Apr. 15 


82 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


79 


79 


78 


78 


77 


78 


77 


SO 


70 


Apr. 10 


82 


85 


85 


S5 


84 


82 


83 


81 


80 


87 


87 


81 


SI 


82 


Apr. 17 


8] 


82 


84 


84 


83 


83 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


Apr. IS 


77 


79 


79 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


Apr. 10 


80 


82 


79 


81 


80 


82 


81 


81 


81 


80 


79 


79 


80 


80 J 


Apr. 20 


74 


75 


SO 


79 


78 


78 


79 


80 


80 


80 


82 


81 


81 


82 


Apr. 21 


70 


75 


77 


77 


78 


78 


75 


75 


77 


78 


78 


79 


80 


81 


Apr. 22 


81 


81 


80 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


79 


Apr. 23 


82 


79 


78 


7S 


SO 


80 


79 


79 


79 


77 


79 


80 


81 


82 


Apr. 2 4 


87 


88 


88 


89 


87 


90 


90 


91 


90 


90 


94 


95 


94 


94 


Apr. 25 


89 


89 


88 


89 


88 


89 


88 


87 


87 


80 


87 


87 


b7 


87 


Apr. 2G 


80 


85 


84 


85 


84 


84 


83 


82 


82 


S2 


S3 


83 


83 


82 


Apr. 27 


S3 


87 


85 


Sfi 


87 


87 


87 


87 


85 


85 


87 


88 


90 


89 


Apr. 28 


Sfi 


87 


80 


82 


81 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


85 


82 


80 


82 


Apr. 29 


81 


81 


81 


81 


79 


79 


79 


81 


81 


81 


84 


84 


85 


82 


Ayr. 30 


S4 


85 
82.2 


S3 


79 
81.7 


83 


82 
81.9 


82 
81.0 


81 
SI .5 


SO 
81.fi 


80 
81.7 


81 
82.8 


81 

82.7 


81 

8::;. 


81 
S3. 2 


Moans. 


81.8 


81.9 


81.7 



83. 3 



S3.4 



82.9 



80 




2 =2 



81 , 81 81. G 

81 82 81.2 

82 I 82 81.] 
82 81 80. 
M ' 80 80.7 



:•:; 


83 


80. 


89 


87 


SS.1 


87 


80 


84. 5 


8 J 


>■■' 


.■7, 9 


81 




84. 7 



1SS2. 
Hay 1 
Slav 2 
May 3 
May 4 
May 5 

May 
May 7 
May S 
May 9 
May 10 

May 11 

May 12 
Mar 13 
May 14 
May 15 

May 1C 

May 17 
May 18 
May 19 
May 20 

Mav 21 
May 22 
May 23 
May 24 
May 25 

May 20 
May 27 
May 28 
May 29 
May 30 

May 31 

Moans. 



82.' 



82. 



80 
80 
89 
88 

89 
86 
84 

80 

81 

84 
81 
80 
82 

85 

84 
83.0 



81 

78 
77 
72 
75 

77 
82 
83 

79 
77 

81 
85 
84 
82 
83 

86 
83 
85 
89 
89 

90 

88 
86 
81 
83 

84 
81 

79 
82 

85 

85 

82.3 



83.1 



83.0 83.0 



85 86 



83.0 



78 



83.2 



83.1 



8G 



83.8 



S4.0 



83. 



80 

82 
85 
85 

85 

S3. 8 



S4 
79 
82 
83 
84 

SS 

83.5 



83. < 



79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


79 


81 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


72 


74 


78 


78 


77 


77 


78 


77 


70 


.80 | 


74 


74 


75 


74 


73 


74 


75 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


7S 


79 


79 


7-; 


83 


S3 


81 


82 


83 


SO 


78 


80 


83 


83 


82 


83 


83 


85 


82 


82 


SO 


80 


80 


80 


81 


80 


80 


so 


82 


82 


80 


79 


78 


79 


79 


' ' i 


81 


81 


82 


82 


81 


80 


82 


82 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


S7 


86 


Sfi 


85 


85 


8fi 


86 


88 


Sfi 


87 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


85 


84 


83 


83 


81 


79 


78 


79 


79 


80 


81 


80 


SI 


81 


82 


82 


82 


81 




S3 


83 


82 


SO 


79 


80 


SO j 80 


82 


79 


79 


80 


78 


79 


SG : :-5 


80 


85 


84 


85 


86 


87 


so ; 88 


85 


87 


87 


86 


87 


87 


SS I .-7 


S2 


82 


81 


84 


84 


80 


89 88 


89 


89 


88 


87 


86 


Sfi 


88 P8 


87 


87 


85 


85 


85 


84 


86 ' 87 


84 


82 


80 


80 


>0 


79 


77 


77 ; 


82 


82 


S3 


84 


84 


84 


81 


84 


84 


84 


84 


8-5 


85 


84 


85 


86 ! 


S3 


83 


83 


82 


82 


SI 


82 


82 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


SO 


80 


81 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


S3 


83 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


84 


S5 
82. 


SG 


82.2 


82.0 


81.5 


81. G 


81.0 


81.6 


82. 0' 

1 



80. 2 
77.4 
77.4 
71.4 



79.9 
82.3 
82. 4 
61.4 
SO. 5 

80.6 
87. 3 
80.2 

82. 7 



83; 7 
84.5 
80.9 
87.0 
8G.1 

88.5 
80.5 
82.3 
81.8 
84.0 

S3.1 
79. G 

SO. 3 
82.9 
84. 2 



254 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKBOW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the moisture of the air at TJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, J feet. "Washington mean time. Collection reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes. 1 



Date. 


a 


S 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 

c3 


5 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


g 


a 


a 
p. 


g 


a 


,_ , 71 

pa 




a 


C3 


C3 


(A 




* 


*- 




a 


© 




CT 


p. 


p\ 

a* 


to 


p. 


p. 

IS 


p. 


P< 


Pi 


C5 


o 




v\ 


1882. 










































Juno 1 


85 


SO 


87 


88 


S8 


87 


88 


88 


87 


£0 


82 


87 


87 


85 


85 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


88 


88 


89 


89 


86.8 


June 2 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


91 


90 


89 


89 


89 


87 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


87 


86 


87.2 


June 3 


85 


87 


S9 


87 


86 


87 


88 


88 


88 


89 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


87 


86 


85 


86 


86 


85 


86 


87 


83 


87.5 


June 4 


83 


85 


88 


87 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


89 


90 


89 


90 


90 


87 


87 


85 


85 


86 


87 


85 


86 


84 


86 


87.0 


June 5 


87 


89 


89 


88 


86 


87 


87 


87 


89 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


85 


86 


80 


79 


79 


81 


82 


81 


83 


84 


85.5 


June C 


87 


85 


83 


85 


S7 


87 


83 


84 


84 


82 


83 


82 


80 


80 


82 


83 


83 


84 


85 


85 


79 


79 


76 


72 


82.5 


June 7 


69 


71 


71 


77 


80 


82 


82 


83 


85 


83 


83 


82 


81 


80 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


SI 


80 


76 


80.1 


Jauo 8 


72 


73 


77 


88 


88 


88 


87 


86 


84 


79 


79 


81 


81 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


85 


85 


85 


84 


83 


77 


82.4 


Juno 9 


77 


7S 


78 


79 


84 


85 


84 


82 


78 


84 


87 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


87 


85 


83.8 


June 10 


85 


87 


86 


87 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


87 


84 


85 


84 


84 


84 


82 


82 


86 


84 


85.9 


June 11 


86 


88 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


84 


82 


80 


84 


84 


83 


83 


82 


79 


79 


79 


78 


75 


70 


81 


82. 1 


June 12 


71 


79 


79 


81 


81 


84 


86 


85 


86 


88 


88 


85 


82 


84 


84 


82 


82 


82 


80 


80 


83 


8! 


86 


86 


82.7 


June 1 3 


87 


87 


87 


88 


89 


90 


89 


90 


90 


90 


89 


85 


83 


85 


86 


86 


82 


87 


83 


85 


84 


85 


88 


S7 


86.8 


Juno 14 


88 


88 


89 


!:9 


89 


89 


89 


89 


91 


90 


90 


90 


91 


90 


90 


89 


87 


84 


SO 


86 


85 


86 


87 


88 


SS.3 


June 15 


8fi 


8S 


89 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


91 


89 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


85 


84 


85 


85 


87 


86 


85 


85 


84 


87.3 


Juno 10 


85 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


87 


86 


86 


83 


85 


83 


82 


86 


84 


84 


84 


85 


83 


82 


81 


80 


84.9 


June 17 


78 


82 


79 


81 


84 


86 


87 


85 


82 


81 


82 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


83 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


82.8 


June 18 


87 


88 


88 


89 


88 


85 


81 


79 


70 


78 


80 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


80 


80 


80 


81 


83 


80 


75 


78 


82.0 


June 19 


81 


81 


82 


84 


87 


88 


87 


88 


87 


. 87 


87 


89 


85 


82 


83 


75 


76 


78 


78 


80 


81 


81 


80 


81 


S2.8 


June 20 


81 


83 


84 


86 


87 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


87 


86 


. 87 


87 


85 


83 


84 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


86.5 


Juno 21 


88 


89 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


82 


78 


78 


77 


75 


76 


78 


73 


73 


74 


83.7 


June 22 


72 


77 


83 


85 


87 


87 


86 


83 


85 


79 


82 


79 


82 


75 


75 


72 


74 


76 


75 


74 


78 


76 


81 


82 


79.4 


June 23 


81 


76 


77 


81 


81 


81 


83 


79 


79 


76 


76 


77 


79 


76 


78 


76 


80 


80 


79 


80 


82 


85 


82 


79 


79.3 


June 24 


76 


77 


74 


74 


75 


81 


83 


83 


84 


82 


80 


75 


76 


80 


80 


80 


79 


78 


74 


76 


77 


76 


76 


73 


77.9 


Juuo23 


70 


71 


72 


73 


78 


77 


75 


70 


70 


72 


72 


65 


75 


76 


76 


82 


SO 


78 


75 


73 


76 


72 


74 


77 


74.1 


Jane 26 


81 


83 


89 


88 


89 


89 


90 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


85 


85 


85 


86 


88 


S3 


82 


83 


83 


86.9 


June 27 


84 


88 


89 


88 


87 


87 


88 


89 


87 


86 


86 


86 


83 


80 


80 


80 


79 


77 


82 


85 


83 


83 


82 


80 


84.1 


June 28 


70 


75 


76 


82 


83 


85 


84 


83 


82 


80 


80 


80 


80 


82 


82 


80 


82 


80 


78 


75 


77 


77 


81 


80 


80.0 


June 29 


80 


80 


82 


87 


89 


88 


90 


90 


89 


88 


87 


82 


82 


83 


79 


79 


78 


82 


85 


82 


79 


77 


80 


83 


83.4 


June 30 


85 


86 


80 
86. 1 


87' 


88 


88 
S9.1 


89 


89 


88 


SS 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


82 


83 


82 


81 


82 


80 


79 


SS. 8 


Sleans. 


84.1 


S3. 4 


87.6 


S8. 6 


8!U 


88.7 


88.3 


87.6 


87.5 


86.8 


86.8 


86.5 


SO. 2 


S5.4 


84. 8 


84.7 


S4.6 


84.9 


84.8 


81.2 


S4. G 


84.3 


86.3 






1882. 




















































Julv 1 


83 


90 


90 


87 


87 


88 


78 


73 


75 


75 


75 


76 


73 


73 


71 


79 


77 


81 


80 


SO 


76 


72 


71 


68 


78.3 


July 2 


70 


78 


75 


75 


83 


79 


83 


80 


81 


82 


80 


80 


80 


70 


70 


67 


65 


66 


62 


60 


60 


60 


71 


75 


73.2 


July 3 


80 


86 


86 


85 


85 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


85 


88 


84 


82 


82 


84 


85 


84 


82 


S3. 7 


July 4 


82 


80 


84 


84 


84 


78 


77 


80 


72 


70 


70 


79 


73 


75 


78 


72 


71 


69 


70 


72 


70 


74 


82 


73 


75.8 


Jul y 5 


74 


80 


84 


85 


84 


85 


86 


88 


86 


82 


82 


70 


70 


70 


05 


68 


67 


67 


72 


73 


75 


75 


SO 


77 


70 9 


Jul y 6 


78 


77 


80 


84 


82 


87 


83 


84 


81 


77 


75 


75 


72 


72 


70 


.70 


70 


73 


76 


76 


73 


75 


71 


71 


7G.3 


Jul y 7 


66 


66 


68 


71 


73 


73 


72 


69 


68 


67 


66 


70 


70 


70 


69 


66 


65 


65 


62 


64 


64 


59 


GO 


58 


(Sfi.3 


July 8 


62 


66 


73 


80 


80 


83 


85 


82 


80 


78 


78 


75 


78 


80 


80 


78 


79 


79 


79 


80 


SO 


78 


79 


78 


77.9 


July 9 


78 


80 


84 


90 


90 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


85 


85 


82 


S3 


83 


SO 


76 


75 


74 


88 


88 


83.0 


July 10 


86 


86 


85 


82 


86 


86 


81 


81 


80 


80 


83 


78 


78 


78 


76 


80 


82 


70 


76 


80 


70 


75 


81 


80 


80.6 


July 11 


86 


S2 


87 


90 


87 


87 


84 


77 


82 


78 


77 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


78 


78 


76 


78 


80 


89 


90 


88 


81.2 


July 12 


87 


86 


84 


81 


85 


85 


89 


88 


88 


88 


82 


82 


82 


88 


88 


82 


82 


90 


89 


88 


87 


85 


85 


82 


85.5 


Julv 13 


81 


87 


88 


87 


87 


85 


86 


83 


83 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


80 


81 


82 


81 


SO 


80 


77 


69 


82.1 


July 14 


70 


68 


72 


81 


84 


86 


82 


80 


78 


80 


85 


85 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


90 


90 


SO 


SS 


87 


86 


88 


S4.1 


Julv 15 


87 


88 


87 


90 


90 


90 


89 


83 


85 


85 


8S 


87 


85 


87 


86 


89 


87 


87 


87 


So 


83 


82 


80 


79 


86.0 


July 16 


78 


80 


82 


85 


84 


86 


88 


88 


87 


88 


85 


SO 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


82 


82 


85 


87 


87 


89 


87 


81.1 


July 17 


89 


90 


90 


89 


89 


90 


94 


96 


96 


96 


96 


98 


98 


98 


98 


98 


97 


97 


95 


93 


05 


92 


91 


97 


94.2 


July IS 


92 


95 


95 


96 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


95 


92 


93 


90 


90 


87 


82 


83 


82 


80 


81 


80 


84 


85 


89.4 


July 19 


95 


94 


90 


98 


95 


95 


95 


94 


93 


93 


95 


95 


82 


88 


80 


85 


86 


85 


8S 


90 


32 


90 


S3 


94 


91.3 


July 20 


89 


97 


97 


CS 


95 


96 


95 


87 


82 


85 


85 


90 


90 


90 


90 


85 


84 


81 


81 


80 


84 


84 


87 


87 


88. :: 


Julv 21 


87 


92 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


95 


96 


96 


98 


98 


98 


98 


98 


98 


95 


98 


86 


S3 


m 


93 


94 89 


»;.o 


Julv 22 


SO 


(jo 


93 


92 


94 


95 


95 


95 


96 


90 


98 


98 


98 


95 


92 


SO 


SO 


89 


83 


80 


81 


83 


S7 89 


91.3 


Julv 2:; 


91 


95 


91 


07 


GO 


94 


93 


S3 


89 


87 


90 


Si) 


90 


90 


SO 


75 


68 


71 


78 


t-4 


mi 


88 


89 89 


,v7.4 


July 24 


84 


89 


93 


94 


94 


92 


92 


92 


92 


87 


85 


85 


70 


70 


70 


65 


62 


68 


75 


80 


'■• 


T5 


78 78 


81.0 


July 25 


78 


83 


88 


87 


92 


88 


88 


90 


87 


83 


80 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


86 


81 


82 


77 


78 


85 84 


.v.. 8 


July 20 


85 


83 


86 


89 


92 


92 


92 


FS 


91 


88 


87 


85 


S3 


82 


82 


82 


80 


80 


80 


88 


SI 


93 


96 96 


-7 2 


July 27 


96 


SO 


98 


98 


96 


94 


93 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


93 


87 


88 


84 


84 


86 


88 


92 


92 94 02. li 


July 28 


94 


93 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


80 


80 


82 


82 


81 


SO 


82 


81 


83 


82 


82 


78 


77 77 84. 4 


July 29 


75 


77 


79 


81 


79 


79 


80 


81 


79 


80 


80 


SO 


£0 


75 


75 


7.3 


7:i 


7X 


75 


74 


74 


78 


76 , 80 77.4 


July 30 


81 


86 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


87 


88 


90 


80 


80 


75 


74 


76 


7(1 


82 


83 


78 


65 


71 


72 82. 1 


July 31 


78 
82.5 


80 
85.7 


80 

86.1 


84 

87.5 


87 
8S.0 


86 


88 
87. 5 


90 

SO. 5 


90 


86 


87 


83 


80 


£0 


75 


75 


75 


SO 


SO 


80 


77 


70 


78 


83 


81. G 


Means. 


87.9 


85.9 


81.8 


81.0 


84.5 


83.1 


82.8 


81.4 


80.4 


79.7 


79.9 


80.4 


80.0 


80.7 


80.1 
1 


8 J. 4 


81.9 


83.5 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 255 

Tabic showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to Aurjitst, 1883 — Continued, 

[Height of l lie hygrometer sibovo Hie surface of tlio ground, 4 feet, Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local 1 imp, — 5 hours. 

J7 minutes.] 



Bate. 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


3 


a 




6 


d 


a 


a 


£ 


a 


ft ft 


r I 




a 


« 


a 


« 


a 


C3 


a 


a 


a 


o 






ft 


ft 


c 


ft 


& 


ft 


=- 


ft 


ft 


= 


— w 


= H 




** 


<>\ 




«* 


*a 


ss 


'- 


0C 


o 












VS 


■* 


«n 


- 


i- 


- 




"■ 




1882. 












































Aug. 1 


82 


90 


90 


90 


93 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


92 


S9 


88 


8(i 


8(1 


8G 


92 


94 


90 


92 


91 


97 97 


91.1 


Aug. 2 


95 


94 


93 


91 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


92 


92 


91 


92 


92 


93 . 93 


93 (i 


Aug. :: 


92 


95 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


91 


92 


92 


90 


90 


88 


90 


88 


88 


87 


8G 


87 


88 


91 


90 


89 84 


90. 1 


Aug. 4 


7G 


7G 


86 


90 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


90 


90 


88 


90 


89 


88 


SG 


SO 


81 


81 


80 91 


87. 9 


Aug. 5 


91 


93 


90 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


90 


90 


89 


75 


75 


75 


70 


79 


So 


92 


92 


92 


92 ' 94 


87.4 


Aug. 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


92 


93 


87 


85 


80 


80 


7G 


70 


70 


73 


72 


77 


86 86 


8.-.. 4 


Ails. 7 


90 


91 


91 


92 


91 


89 


8<S 


88 


89 


83 


87 


85 


85 


87 


87 


82 


89 


87 


84 


82 


85 


84 


87 R5 


Ml. 9 


Aug. 8 


82. 


84 


87 


90 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


87 


80 


80 


7G- 


80 


80 


70 


7G 


74 


82 


83 


87 


Mi SO 


83.9 


Aug. 


84 


83 


84 


83 


85 


85 


88 


91 


90 


87 


88 


92 


92 


92 


£$ 


90 


92 


93 


94 


92 


91 


89 


92 92 


89.0 


Aug. 10 


90 


92 


92 


90 


91 


90 


92 


95 


9li 


95 


93 


95 


95 


91 


90 


92 


80 


86 


85 


80 


81 


82 


-2 84 


E9.G 


Aug. 11 


85 


87 


90 


90 


89 


88 


88 


89 


90 


91 


91 


91 


90 


80 


80 


80 


83 


75 


73 


71 


74 


83 


" 


82 


84. 


Aug. 12 


78 


79 


88 


88 


90 


92 


91 


91 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


93 


93 


95 


92 


93 


95 


94 


94 


93 


88 


91.5 


Aug. 13 


89 


S3 


83 


84 


84 


83 


87 


87 


84 


84 


84 


85 


83 


82 


82 


82 


83 


79 


SO 


77 


77 


7G 78 


78 


82. 2 


Aug. 14 


81 


81 


79 


81 


82 


81 


S3 


S3 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


82 


83 


82 


92 


83 


S3 


80 


80 


79 


78 


82 


82. 3 


Aug. 15 


82 


82 


85 


88 


92 


92 


92 


88 


8fi 


91 


90 


FG 


84 


82 


81 


82 


80 


82 


8 J 


81 


83 


85 


89 


90 


85. G 


Aug. 10 


88 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


87 


85 


83 


82 


82 


85 


81 


80 


SO 


82 


81 


82 


86 


87 


85. 5 


Aug. 37 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


89 


90 


90 


89 


8fi 


84 


85 


81 


80 


79 


77 


77 


77 


79 


85.4 


Aug. 18 


8S 


93 


87 


84 


84 


85 


83 


8G 


85 


SG 


84 


so 


86 


85 


75 


07 


05 


CO 


G8 


(18 


69 


70 


71 


73 


7S.7 


Aug. 19 


75 


S2 


89 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


90 


85 


80 


8G 


SO 


SO 


76 


GS 


71 


GG 


70 


68 


72 


7° 


7S 


77 


89. 4 


Aug. 20 


SI 


82 


82 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


85 


85 


90 


90 


83 


80 


80 


72 


G9 


74 


78 


72 


70 


76 


r-> 


78 


81.3 


Aug. 21 


83 


88 


91 


92 


85 


85 


88 


84 


91 


91 


93 


95 


85 


80 


S3 


87 


88 


89 


SS 


89 


90 


93 


92 


91 


88. 4 


Aug. 22 


98 


94 


91 


94 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


88 


88 


81 


81 


78 


83 


79 


80 


85 


84 


82 


SG 


87 


91 


87. t 


Aug. 23 


811 


89 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 


93 


84 


84 


82 


81 


83 


82 


84 


84 


S3 


85 


S3 


87 


92 


87. 3 


Aug. 24 


92 


91 


93 


92 


93 


94 


93 


92 


92 


92 


92 


84 


8G 


88 


88 


82 


SO 


80 


81 


82 


80 


85 


86 


91 


87. 9 


Aug. 25 


90 


91 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


85 


94 


9G 


95 


92 


92 


93 


91 


92 


94 


95 


!>!.« 


Aug. 2G 


94 


95 


92 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


92 


92 


92 


90 


90 


90 


87 


84 


81 


78 


80 


83 


83 


80 


88.4 


Aug. 27 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


87 


89 


88 


82 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


SG 


87 


FG 


85 


. 86 


86 


87 


86. 8 


Aug. 28 


82 


89 


88 


89 


87 


88 


88 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


S3 


S4 


80 


83 


SO 


80 


80 


84 


S4 


r 89 


80 


89 


85. G 


Aug. 29 


90 


90 


91 


92 


90 


89 


89 


90 


89 


89 


so 


89 


87 


84 


82 


S3 


80 


SO 


82 


82 


83 


82 


85 


SG 


8(1. 4 


Aug. 30 


89 


89 


89 


91 


87 


80 


8G 


8G 


SG 


87 


8G 


86 


80 


92 


91 


89 


88 


92 


81 


so 


85 


SO 


89 


93 


87.5 


Aug. 31 


93 


90 
68.2 


91 

89.0 


91 

S9.7 


88 
89. G 


87 
89.5 


87 


87 

89.8 


88 


88 


90 

89.7 


84 


78 


74 


G8 

83.7 


68 


65 


57 


62 


78 

82. 2 


80 
82. G 


79 


79 


79 SO. 5 


Means . 


87.1 


89.7 


89. G 


88.5 


8G. 7 


85.2 


S3. 3 


82.7 


82.0 


84.0 


85.5 


SG. G 


80.5 



1S82. 
Sept. 1 

Sept. 2 

Sept. 3 

Sopt. 4 

Sept.. 5 

Sept. 

Sept. 7 

Sept. S 
Sept. 9 
Sept. 10 
Sept. 11 
Sept. 12 

Sept. 13 
Sopt. 14 
Sept.15 
Sept. 10 
Sept. 17 j 95 

Sept. 18 ! 92 

Sept. 19 I 92 

Sept. 20 ; 87 

Sept. 21 90 

Scut. 22 j 84 



Sept. 23 
Sept. 24 
Sept.25 
Sept. 20 
Sept. 27 

Sept. 28 
Sept. 29 
Sept. 30 

Means . 



SO 


82 


97 


96 


92 


92 


95 


95 


91 


92 


97 


94 


90 


88 


79 


80 


94 


92 


90 


91 


92 


92 


88 


89 


95 


95 


95 


94 


90 


91 


94 


94 


94 


92 


94 


90 


89 


89 


88 


90 


91 


89 


84 


86 


88 


89 


85 


89 


84 


80 


90 


89 


74 


73 


SG 


91 


92 


91 


93 


93 



86 


87 


89 


95 


95 


94 


91 


91 


91 


95 


92 


92 


93 


93 


94 


94 


94 


93 


86 


80 


78 


79 


77 


84 


91 


87 


91 


91 


90 


90 


93 


94 


93 


88 


S9 


90 


90 


90 


91 


94 


93 


93 


92 


92 


91 


93 


93 


93 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


91 


80 


82 


85 


87 


88 


87 


86 


89 


89 


82 


83 


84 


89 


90 


91 


88 


89 


89 


78 


79 


80 


90 


87 


90 


81 


87 


90 


89 


88 


8S 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 



89 92 91 
91 91 91 



91 
92 
94 
92 
85 

70 
94 
88 
92 
91 

82 
93 
92 
93 
89 

91 
S3 

87 
89 
83 i 84 



94 

89 
no I 

91 



80 I 78 

93 I 92 

91 94 

93 ! 93 

87 I 89 



91 

88 
77 
90 
90 

90 
92 
91 



90 
89 
73 
92 
90 

91 

92 
91 



91 

86 



89 



90 
89 
71 
90 
91 



91 93 
93 92 
91 : 88 



89 
89 
S5 

SG 
88 
65 
91 
94 



89 

92 
94 
£6 

86 
94 
90 
90 
S4 

82 
90 
93 
91 
91 

90 
89 

88 
8S 
85 

I 83 
j 80 
61 
I 91 
! 94 



93 ! 92 

91 !• 90 
87 ! 88 



89.0 ;89. 7 89.0 ;90.2 88.7 ! 88. 9 S9. 8 '89.4 88.9 89.0 89. 3 88.9 88.1 



86 
90 

80 
85 
99 
93 

80 

82 
90 
90 
89 
83 

S9 
91 
93 
90 

91 

90 
86 

87 
86 
86 

80 
85 
CO 
92 
95 

92 
90 
89 

87.2 



86 


85 


90 


S9 


77 


75 


82 


77 


87 


SG 


94 


94 


85 


78 


87 


90 


90 


90 


90 


87 


90 


88 


80 


84 


88 


86 


88 


89 


92 


92 


90 


90 


88 


89 


90 


90 


83 


82 


80 


85 


84 


82 


87 


88 


SO 


78 


84 


81 


74 


7G 


91 


93 


95 


94 



93 
91 
90 



88 
91 
89 



90 
90 

90 
87 
85 

87 
89 
91 
90 
89 

90 
83 
85 
83 
89 

76 

78 
78 
93 
94 

92 
92 
90 



85 



92 
02 

91 



87 



75 
85 

90 
85 

93 
90 
90 
90 



80 ! 90 



80 
76 
93 
91 

90 
92 
90 



S3 
73 
89 
94 

90 
92 
92 



91 
85 



00 
85 
93 
75 

92 
92 
88 
86 

81 

89 
87 
88 
92 
88 

91 

84' 

86 

84 

85 

82 
80 
69 
86 
93 

Sa 

93 
92 



93 94 ; 87.5 
83 84 90.fi 



88 | 94 
81 j 86 
SS I 91 
87 . 90 



91 
83 
90 
85 

85 

83 

85 
77 
80 
90 

88 

9! 
92 



81.4 
S4.2 
9(1. 1) 
»2.9 

82.9 

84.5 
91.0 
89.7 
90.2 
SG. 3 

88.3 
9P. 7 
91.1 
92. 
89.8 

90.7 

86. 

87. r> 

80. 5 
85. 2 

88.7 
85. 4 
75.5 
88.8 
88.9 

89.8 
91.9 

90.9 



87. 3 FG. 2 80. 4 80. ^86. 4 80. 9 '83. 4 84.7 '86. 7'88. 88. 1 

I I I ! ! 



256 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



T>- 


■ 




a 


g 


a 


a 


a 


a 


S 


a 


3 


a 


a 




a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


5 


a 


" a 






" 


« 


SO 




in 


as 


<- 


rt 
Uj 


CI 


© 




<M 


- 


p. 

CI 


eo 


p. 


P. 


© 




on 


CS 


© 


z 


2 


S3 


18f 




















































Oct. 


1 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


04 


92 92 


!)2.0 


Oct. 


*> 


92 


93 


92 


H2 


t.O 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


89 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


94 


93 92 


91.4 


Oct. 


3 


95 


G4 


91 


95 


92 


91 


92 


91 


91 


91 


90 


89 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


S8 


SS 


89 


89 DO 


90.4 


Oct. 


4 


90 


90 


89 


89 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


89 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


88 


88 


88. 7 


Oct, 


5 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


8S 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


87 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


87 


88. 


Oct. 





85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


84 


85 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


83 


S3. 7 


Oct, 


7 


84 


84 


84 


S4 


83 


S3 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


S4 


85 


83 


S3 


83 


82 


83 


83 


8:; 


S3 


83 _ 


Oct. 


8 


82 


82 


82 


82 


S2 


82 


82 


S2 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


S2 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 i 


81.9 


Oct. 


9 


82 


81 


81 


82 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


84 


84 


S3 


83 


82 


82 


82 


S2 


82 82 


82. 2 


Oct, 


10 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


87 


87 


87 


87 


89 


SS 


ST 87 


83.8 


Oct. 


11 


87 


85 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


88 


88 


S8 


S8 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 sT 


87. 5 


Oct, 


12 


87 


87 


87 


8G 


8G 


80 


8G 


80 


8G 


84 


84 


84 


83 


84 


84 


84 


S7 


87 


87 


87 


87 


83 


85 65 


85.5 


Oct. 


in 


87 


SG 


86 


86 


8G 


8G 


86 


86 


85 


84 


82 


82 


81 


S3 


SO 


S3 


85 


St 


84 


84 


85 


85 


S5 85 


•1 } 


Oct. 


14 


82 


87 


87 


88 


85 


SO 


SG 


85 


85 


84 


85 


80 


80 


86 


87 


87 


86 


87 


87 


S9 


88 


88 


88 88 


SO. 4 


Oct. 


15 


87 


8G 


8G 


86 


85 


86 


86 


86 


85 


86 


86 


SG 


86 


85 


85 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


84 


S3 


84 84 


85. 4 


Oct. 


10 


87 


87 


88 


89 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


SO 


80 


■ 80 


86 


86 


87 


87 


S7 SO 


80. 9 


Oct, 


17 


88 


88 


87 


87 


86 


SG 


87 


87 


87 


87 


S7 


86 


86 


S6 


86 


86 


SG 


86 


87 


88 


87 


87 


87 ST 


SG.8 


Oct, 


IS 


68 


88 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


S7 


87 


87 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


8G 


80 


8G 


SO 


86 


89 


88 


86 So 


SG. 5 


Oct. 


19 


87 


89 


89 


89 


87 


88 


86 


86 


85 


85 


84 


84 


85 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 87 


SO. 3 


Oct. 


20 


89 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


80 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


S3 


83 


S3 


85- 


85 


85 


82 


85 


84 


83 83 


I 1 9 


Oct, 


21 


83 


83 


84 


83 


84 


83 


82 


81 


82 


83 


82 


84 


82 


82 


82 


83 


85 


83 


83 


83 


80 


84 


S4 , 84 


82. 9 


Oct. 


22 


8S 


88 


S8 


87 


'86 


87 


87 


86 


SS 


86 


85 


85 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


85 


83 


82 


82 


Si. 8 


Oct. 


23 


84 


85 


84 


85 


S3 


84 


84 


83 


S2 


S2 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


84 


83 


84 


82.9 


Oct, 


24 


87 


8G 


87 


86 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


82 


82 


85 


83 


83 


s:; 


S3. 9 


Oct. 


25 


S5 


80 


85 


84 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81. 


81 


80 


78 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


79 


SO 


81 


S0.1 


Oct. 


26 


84 


79 


83 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


S3 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


84. o 


Oct. 


27 


85 


84 


85 


84 


82 


82 


83 


82 


82 


83 


83 


82 


82 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


SO 


81 


81 


81 


82. :: 


Oct. 


28 


82 


82 


83 


82 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


82 


83.0 


Oct, 


29 


82 


84 


82 


81 


81 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


.-I 


SO. 5 


Oct, 


30 


85 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


83 


80 


80 


81 


83 


85 


85 


92 


95 


94 


90 


92 


91 


88 


StJ 


87 


80. 5 


Oct. 


31 
ns . 


89 
SO. 3 


!>0 

SO. 3 


89 


«J0 


88 


88 


88 


87 


8G 


89 


89 


90 


89 


88 


86 


82 


80 


SO 


79 


77 


75 


76 

85.2 


70 ; 82 


83. ;> 


Men 


80.3 


SO. 3 


85.4 


85. 5 


S5.5 


85.2 


85.1 


85.0 


84.7 


84.8 


84.7 


84. G 


S4.5 


84.8 


85.2 


85.1 


84.9 


84. 9 


85.1 


84. 9 85. 


8.3. 2 



1S82. 
Nor. 1 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 5 

Nov. G 

Nov. 7 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 9 
Nov. 10 
Nov. 11 

Nov. 12 
Nov. 13 
Nov. 14 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 1G 

Nov. 17 
Nov. IS 
Nov. 19 
Nov. 20 
Nov. 21 

Nov. 22 
Nov. 23 
Nov. 24 
Nov. 25 
Nov. 20 

Nov. 27 
Nov. 28 
Nov. 29 
Nov. 30 



Means '84. 



92 



84. 3 84. 1 84. 2 |S4. 2 84. 1 

I ! i 



83. 



79 



3. 9 183. 8 



83.9 S3. 9 



87 



80 



72 

68 

62 

65* 

93 

93 

92 
92 
92 

92 

92 
91 
90 

90 
87 



83. 9 !83. 9 |S3. 7 ! 83. 8 184. 3 



87 



85 



84. 3 84. 4 !84. 4 184. 2 



70 
65 
64 
79 
91 

94 
92 
92 
92 
92 

92 

90 
S9 
SS 
87 

87 

87 
86 
86 



S4.3 



83 I SO 



82.1 



75 


74 


,0.b 


83 


S3 


79.8 


si 


81 


82.6 


85 


ST 


82.0 


84 


84 


85. 8 


83 


84 


83. 


85 


85 


S4.4 


90 


90 


S7.3 


82 


82 


ST. 4 


70 


73 


79. 8 


OS 


07 


71.4 


05 


05 


65. 1 


04 


04 


03. s 


85 


SS 


07.1 


91 


30 


91.8 


94 


93 


92. 1 


92 


92 


»2. 5 


92 


92 


92. (I 


92 


92 


92.0 


92 


92 


91. S 


92 


92 


92. 5 


90 


00 


90.7 


89 


89 


89. 2 


SS SS 


88. 5 


ST 


S7 


87.1 


S7 


sT 


SG. 8 


sT 


87 


SO. 3 


87 


87 


SO. 1 


SO 


si; 


80. 3 


S4.5 


84.4 


81.1 



' Interpolated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIiltOW, ALASKA. 



257 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Corrections reduced to mean local time, —5 hour? 

17* minutes.] 



Date. 


a 


a 

1 :n 


a 

so 


a 


a 


a 

o 


a 


a 

00 


a 

4 

Si 


a 

e 


a 

03 


a 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 
so 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 

■SO 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 

© 


S 
A 


2 «a 


1882. 


















\ 




1 








1 




















Dec. 1 


86 


87 


.87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87.0 


Dec. 2 


87 


87 


87 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


82.4 


Dec. 3 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


• 87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87.0 


Dec. 4 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86.0 


Dec. 5 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86.0 


Dec. 6 


86 


| 86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86.3 


Dec. 7 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86.5 


Dec. 8 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


80 


86 


80 


86.0 


Dec. 9 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86.0 


Dec. 10 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85.1 


Dec. 11 


86 


87 


87 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


86 


86 


85 


85 


86 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


86.6 


Dec. 12 


84 


82 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


83 


81 


81 


80 


83 


81 


81 


81 


SO 


80 


80 


80 


80 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81.4 


Deo. 13 


82 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


84 


85 


85 


83 


84 


84 


83 


84 


83 


83.9 


Dec. 14 


83 


83 


81 


81 


82 


.82 


81 


81 


80 


81 


83 


83 


82 


83 


82 


82 


82* 


82* 


82* 


83* 


83 


86 


87 


88 


82.6 


Dec. 15 


87 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


89 


86.9 


Dec. 16 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


89 


88.8 


Dec. 17 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


89 


90 


88.9 


Dec. 18 


89 


88 


86 


86 


87 


87 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


' 86 


86 


86.7 


Dec. 19 


89 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


86 


8B 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


[ 87 


90 


87.3 


Dec. 20 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


89 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89.5 


Dec. 21 


91 


89 


90 


91 


92 


92 


92 


93 


92 


91 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


87 


87 


87 


90.0 


Dec. 22 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


87 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87.2 


Deo. 23 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


86 


87 


87.2 


Dec. 24 


90 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


84 


84 


84 


87 


86.4 


Dec. 25 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88.4 


Dec. 26 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


91 


92 


91 


92 


89.4 


Dec. 27 


91 


92 


92 


93 


92 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


93 


93 


92 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


02.3 


Dec. 28 


92 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


91 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


93 


93 


93 


95 


95 


96 


96 


92.2 


Dec. 29 


96 


96 


96 


96 


97 


96 


93 


92 


89 


89 


88 


87 


86 


86 


80 


86 


88 


88 


88 


88 


86 


86 


86 


86 


89.8 


Dec. 30 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


84.8 


Dec. 31 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


87.8 


Means . . 


87.5 


87.2 


87.1 


87.3 


87.5 


87.4 


87.4 


87.4 


87.1 


87.1 


87.0 


87.1 


86.8 


86.8 


86.0 


8«.« 


87.0 


87.1 


86.9 


87.0 


87.0 


87.1 


87.2 


87.5 


871 


1883. 
Jan. 1 


*9 


89 


89 


89 


89' 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 j 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


92 


89.5 


Jan. 2 


90 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


93 


92 


9? 


92 


91 


91 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 j 


91 


91 


91 


90 


91 


93 


91.5 


Jan. 3 


92 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


89 


89 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


89. 


90 


89 


89 


89 | 


89 


89 


88 


88 


89 


92 


89.8 


Jan. 4 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


91 


91 


90 


90 


89 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


88 


90 


88.5 


Jan. 5 


87 


87 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


89 


87.0 


Jan. 6 


91 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


86 


85 


84 


84 


83 


82 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 1 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85.0 


Jan. 7 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


84 


86 


84.4 


Jan. 8 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


88 


85 


85 


87 


85.2 


Jan. 9 


84 


83 


83 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


85 


85 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


83.7 


Jan. 10 


83 


83 


84 


88 


85 


85 


84 


135 


84 


87 


87 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84.4 


Jan. 11 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


82 


81 


81 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82.0 


Jan. 12 


83 


82 


82 


81 


82 


82 


81 


80 


80 


.80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


83 


80.4 


Jan. 13 


84 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


83 


80.4 


Jan. 14 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


80 


80 j 


83 


81.4 


Jan. 15 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79* 


76* 


74* 


71* 


69* 


67 | 


68 


70 


74 


7G.8 


Jan. 16 


76 


77 


78 


79 


80 


81 


83 


85 


87 


88 


89 


91 


91 


92 


94 1 


95 


94 


94 


95 


95 


91 


94 ' 


1 
94 | 


94 


88.3 


Jan. 17 


95 


95 


94 


94 


95 


96 


97 


97 


9fi 


94 


94 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


92 


91 


91 j 


92 


93.8 


Jan. 18 


91 


90 


90 


9p 


90 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


89 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 ' 


87 


88.3 


Jan. 19 


87 


87 


86 


86 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 [ 


87 


85.6 


Jan. 20 


86 


86 


86 


86 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


80 


86 


85.1 


Jan. 21 


87 


86 


86 


85 


86 


86 


80 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


86 


86 


87 


88 


88 


89 


86.9 


Jan. 22 


89 


88 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 | 


90 


89.2 


Jan. 23 


92 


93 


92 


93 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


93 


93 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


95 


95 


98 


92.2 


Jan. 24 


98 


97 


97 


96 


94 


93 


91 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


88 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 | 


86 


89.5 


Jan. 25 


85 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


■ 84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


83 


82 


83 


85 


85 


85 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83.5 


Jan. 26 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


82 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


85 


82.1 


Jan 27 


82 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79.9 


Jan. 28 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 i 


80 


79.7 


Jan. 29 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80.5 


Jan. 30 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79.4 


Jan. 31 


81 
35.8 


81 


81 


80 
35.3 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


82 


82 


83 


84 


85 


85 


87 


87 


"87 


87 


87 


87 


82.7 


Means.. 


35.4 


35.3 


35.1 


35.2 


35.1 


35.2 


35.1 


34.8 


35.0 


34.9 


34.8 


34.8 


35.0 


35.2 


35.3 


35. 3 1 


35.2 


35.1 


34.8 


34.7 

1 


US 8G.0 

1 


85.1 



* Interpolated. 



H. Ex. 44- 



-33 



258 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October ', 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


i 


a 


a 


a 

C5* 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 

Pi 


a 
p. 


a 

pH 


Z ? 




cj 


cS 


C3 


09 


c3 


eS 


d 


cl 


c3 


O 


CM 


p. 


p. 


a 


p< 


p. 


P. 


p. 


p. 


p. 


o 


CM 


~ cj 

q8 




** 


o* 


— 


•* 


O 


» 


t- 


OO 


ss 




_TL 




—— 


CN 


eo 


•* 


IO 


cS 


t* 


00 


3> 








1883. 












Feb. 1 


88 


87 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


86 


86 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86.4 


Feb. 2 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


89.1 


Feb. 3 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


93 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


97 


97 


97 


92.9 


Feb. 4 


97 


96 


96 


96 


96 


95 


94 


93 


93 


93 


93 


92 


92 


92 


92 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


93 


93 


93 


94 


93.4 


Feb. 5 


94 


95 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


96 


96 


95 


94 


95 


95 


96 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


97 


96 


95.6 


Feb. 6 


96 


96 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


92 


91 


89 


87 


84 


83 


82 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


77 


77 


78 


79 


86.1 


Feb. 7 


79 


79 


81 


82 


83 


83 


83 


84 


85 


85 


85 


87 


90 


90 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


90 


89 


87 


86 


86.6 


Feb. 8 


82 


82 


81 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


81 


80 


81 


84 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


86 


82.7 


Feb. 9 


86 


86 


87 


89 


90 


90 


91 


91 


92 


92 


94 


94 


95 


93 


91 


90 


90 


91 


91 


90 


88 


85 


85 


83 


89.8 


Feb. 10 


81 


81 


80 


79 


79 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


76 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77.1 


Feb. 11 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76.4 


Feb. 12 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


82 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


87 


81.1 


Feb. 13 


86 


86 


85 


84 


82 


82 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


77 


80.5 


Feb. 14 


81 


79 


77 


77 


77 


76 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


78 


78 


78 


79 


77.3 


Feb. 15 


81 


79 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


77 


77 


76 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


74 


74 


74 


74 


76.9 


Feb. 16 


77 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


74 


73 


73 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


74.5 


Feb. 17 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


78 


79 


79 


79 


78 


77 


76 


76 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


73 


74 


76.0 


Feb. 18 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


78 


79 


79 


81 


81 


81 


80 


81 


81 


81 


82 


83 


83 


84 


83 


83 


84 


79.9 


Feb. 19 


85 


S4 


84 


83 


82 


82 


81 


80 


80 


80 


82 


83 


81 


81 


81 


81 


82 


84 


85 


85 


85 


82 


82 


81 


82.3 


Feb. 20 


81 


81 


80 


79 


78 


77 


76 


76 


75 


76 


75 


75 


74 


74 


73 


73 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75.9 


Feb. 21 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75.3 


Feb. 28 


75 


74 


74 


74 


73 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


70 


71 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


71 


72 


72.0 


Feb. 23 


76 


74 


72 


71 


71 


71 


77 


75 


75 


74 


73 


73 


74 


73 


73 


74 


75 


75 


74 


74 


72 


72 


72 


71 


73.4 


Feb. 24 


75 


79 


76 


74 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


70 


70 


70 


71 


71 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


70 


72 


75 


73 


72.2 


Fob. 25 


74 


72 


71 


72 


71 


73 


72 


72 


74 


72 


75 


74 


73 


72 


73 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


71 


70 


72.2 


Feb. 26 


73 


74 


71 


71 


70 


69 


69 


69 


69 


69 


69 


69 


69 


68 


69 


70 


70 


70 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


70 


70.3 


Feb: 27 


71 


71 


72 


, 71 


70 


68 


69 


69 


69 


69 


70 


70 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


73 


73 


71 


72 


72 


71.0 


Feb. 28 


76 


73 


74 
80.4 


80.2 


73 


73 
79.8 


74 
79.9 


75 


77 
79.9 


77 
80.1 


79 

79.9 


78 
79.8 


76 


JL 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


_!!_ 


77 


76 


77 


75 


76.0 


Means 


81.1 


80.7 


79.9 


79.8 


79.8 


79.5 


79.7 


79.9 


80.4 


80.6 


80.8 


80.8 


E.2 


79.9 


80.0 


79.8 


80.1 



1883. 


















































■ 


Mar. 1 


75 


74 


75 


75 


74 


72 


71 


71 


70 


70 


70 


69 


69 


69 


69 


70 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


73 


71.7 


Mar. 2 


73 


72 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


71 


71 


71 


70 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


74 


73 


73 


75 


72.0 


Mar. 3 


74 


72 


73 


74 


73 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


71 


71 


71 


71 


72 


73 


73 


73 


73 


73 


73 


73 


75 4 


'76 


72.6 


Mar. 4 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


74 


72 


73 


73 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


77 


76 


74.3 


Mar. 5 


76 


76 


75 


75 


74 


75 


75 


76 


77 


77 


78 


79 


80 


81 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


74 


74 


75 


77 


77.0 


Mar. 6 


77 


76 


76 


77 


74 


74 


72 


72 


74 


74 


73 


72 


72 


72 


72 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


73 


74 


74.0 


Mar. 7 


75 


75 


74 


74 


72 


» 71 


72 


73 


72 


71 


71 


71 


72 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


73 


74 


73.5 


Mar. 8 


75 


76 


76 


74 


72 


73 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


70 


68 


69 


70 


70 


70 


70 


71 


72 


70 


70 


72 


71.7 


Mar. 9 


70 


71 


71 


72 


71 


71 


70 


69 


68 


68 


67 


68 


69 


69 


70 


70 


70 


71 


71 


71 


71 


71 


70 


71 


70.0 


Mar. 10 


73 


72 


71 


71 


69 


68 


68 


69 


68 


67 


67 


67 


67 


68 


68 


71 


71 


71 


71 


71 


70 


69 


69 


70 


69.4 


Mar. 11 


71 


71 


71 


69 


68 


68 


68 


68 


68 


68 


68 


69 


68 


70 


71 


71 


71 


70 


71 


71 


71 


72 


72 


74 


70.0 


Mar. 12 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


74 


74 


74 


75 


74 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


74 


74 


74.8 


Mar. 13 


76 


74 


74 


76 


72 


72 


72 


73 


74 


74 


73 


73 


71 


72 


72 


73 


73 


73 


73 


73 


70 


70 


69 


71 


72.6 


Mar. 14 


74 


74 


74 


72 


71 


71 


71 


71 


69 


68 


70 


71 


71 


74 


74 


73 


74 


74 


74 


75 


74 


76 


76 


73 


72.7 


Mar. 15 


73 


71 


71 


72 


71 


71 


70 


70 


70 


70 


70 


70 


71 


71 


67 


68 


70 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


74 


75 


71.1 


Mar. 16 


76 


76 


75 


75 


74 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


78 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76.2 


Mar. 17 


78 


78 


78 


80 


77 


76" 


77 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76.1 


Mar. 18 


76 


75 


75 


75 


73 


73 


73 


72 


73 


73 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


75 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


76 


77 


77 


74.8 


Mar. 19 


78 


78 


78 


78 


76 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


75 


76.3 


Mar. 20 


74 


73 


73 


73 


71 


71 


73 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


75.0 


Mar. 21 


78 


78 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


77 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


77.5 


Mar. 22 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


82 


80.0 


Mar. 23 


81 


79 


79 


81 


80 


80 


80 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


78 


78 


80 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78.5 


Mar. 24 


79 


80 


81 


80 


79 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


77 


78 


78 


81 


84 


81 


81 


79.2 


Mar. 25 


81 


84 


86 


88 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


90 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


93 


87 


85 


83 


84 


88.3 


Mar. 26 


84 


81 


81 


82 


81 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


85 


85 


86 


86 


87 


87 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


89 


89 


89 


85.8 


Mar. 27 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


85 


85 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


89 


88 


87 


86 


86 


85 


84 


83 


83 


82 


85.3 


Mar. 28 


82 


82 


81 


79 


78 


77 


77 


76 


77 


78 


77 


79 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


82 


83 


84 


85 


87 


80.3 


Mar. 29 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


88 


88 


87 


87 


87 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


90 


88 


85 


88 


90 


87.9 


Mar. 30 


88 


82 


85 


85 


84 


83 


82 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


82 


81 


82 


82 


83 


81 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81 


81.6 


Mar. 31 


81 
77.4 


83 
76.9 


82 

77.0 


82 
77.1 


82 


82 


82 


81 


79 


79 


81 


81 


83 


84 


84 


84 


83 


81 


79 


78 


77 


80 


79 


79 


81.1 


Means. 


76.0 


75.9 


75.7 


76.0 


75.6 


75.4 


75.5 


75.6 


75.9 


76.2 


76.5 


76.9 


77.2 


77.1 


77.1 


77.5 


77.0 


76.8 


76.8 


77.4 


76.5 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



259 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


a 


a 

CS 

cm 


a 

CO 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 

d 

O 


a" 

cj* 


a 


a 

A 


a 
p. 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 

lO 


a 
p. 

SB 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 


a 

A 
© 


a 

A 


a 

A 


-a 


1883. 


















































Apr. 1 


77 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


76 


75 


75 


73 


74 


73 


76 


74 


77 


74 


74 


74 


73 


74 74 


74.8 


Apr. 2 


74 


74 


76 


74 


73 


74 


73 


73 


73 


71 


72 


74 


72 


73 


73 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


74 


73 ! 76 


73.6 


Apr. 3 


77 


75 


75 


74 


73 


72 


72 


71 


72 


72 


71 


71 


73 


73 


74 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


75 


73.6 


Apr. 4 


75 


75 


75 


75 


73 


73 


73 


72 


72 


73 


73 


73 


72 


73 


74 


75 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


74 


74 


73.8 


Apr. 5 


75 


77 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


75 


73 


71 


71 


72 


71 


71 


71 


71 


70 


71 


71 


70 


72 


73.0 


Apr. G 


72 


72 


75 


75 


73 


73 


72 


73 


73 


73 


73 


73 


72 


73 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


72 


72.6 


Apr. 7 , 


73 


69 


72 


71 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


71 


72 


71 


70 


71 


69 


68 


69 


70 


69 


69 


69 


71 


70.8 


Apr. 8 


74 


74 


74 


74 


72 


72 


72 


72 


73 


73 


73 


73 


74 


74 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


75 


74.1 


Apr. 9 


75 


75 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


70 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


77 


77 


78 


78 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


81 


77.1 


Apr. 10 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80.1 


Apr. 11 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


79.0 


Apr. 12 


80 


80 


80 


81 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


79 


80 


79.2 


Apr. 13 


80 


80 


81 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


79 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


79 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78.6 


Apr. 14 


7 ?, 


78 


78 


79 


78 


78 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


78 


78 


78 


79 


78.0 


Apr. 15 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


78 


77 


78 


78 


78 


77 


76 


77 


77 


70 


72 


75 


75 


75 


74 


74 


72 


75 


76.1 


Apr. 16 


74 


77 


77 


78 


76 


76 


75 


74 


73 


74 


72 


74 


74 


74 


75 


75 


76 


76 


76 


76 


72 


72 


72 


72 


74.2 


Apr. 17 


72 


74 


73 


74 


72 


72 


72 


73 


74 


73 


73 


73 


74 


74 


74 


73 


72 


72 


72 


72 


69 


67 


66 


69 


72.0 


Apr. 18 


68 


74 


71 


76 


72 


72 


72 


72 


72 


71 


71 


72 


72 


72 


74 


74 


72 


70 


70 


70 


71 


72 


74 


74 


72.0 


Apr. 19 


76 


77 


78 


77 


76 


75 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


75 


77 


79 


79 


79 


76 


74 


74 


73 


76 


77 


78 


80 


76.4 


Apr. 20 


83 


83 


82 


84 


82 


82 


83 


82 


83 


82 


82 


79 


79 


77 


78 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


81 


80 


81 


80.9 


Apr. 21 


83 


84 


82 


83 


82 


82 


83 


83 


82 


81 


81 


79 


78 


78 


77 


76 


76 


77 


77 


77 


76 


76 


76 


78 


79.5 


Apr. 22 


79 


79 


79 


79 


76 


72 


76 


76 


76 


75 


74 


72 


70 


70 


69 


71 


75 


76 


77 


77 


76 


75 


75 


74 


74.9 


Apr. 23 


76 


77 


78 


78 


79 


82 


80 


78 


79 


79 


79 


80 


81 


80 


81 


81 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


80.5 


Apr. 24 


85 


85 


85 


84 


82 


82 


82 


82 


84 


83 


84 


84 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


80 


80 ! 81 


82.5 


Apr. 25 


84 


85 


84 


84 


84 


84 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


85 


85 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


81 


81 


82 


84 


83.5 


Apr. 26 


F4 


St 


84 


84 


83 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


81 


82 


82 


82 


82 


81 


81 


84 


82 


81 


82 


82.5 


Apr. 27 


82' 


80 


80 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


78 


77 


76 


76 


76 


75 


75 


74 


72 


76 


79 


78.0 


Apr. 28 


79 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78 


78 


76 


76 


75 


74 


74 


74 


76 


76 


75 


76 


75 


76 


77.2 


Apr. 29 


79 


80 


80 


81 


79 


80 


81 


82 


82 


82 


80 


79 


79 


77 


76 


75 


75 


74 


73 


73 


73 


74 


75 


79 


77.8 


Apr. 30 


81 
77.8 


83 
78.2 


84 
78.4 


86 
78.G 


85 
77.4 


84 


84 
77.3 


84 
77.2 


84 
77.3 


84 
77.2 


84 
77.1 


84 
76.9 


84 


84 
76.5 


83 
76.5 


82 
76.2 


80 
76.4 


80 
76.5 


80 
76.5 


77 


77 


78 
75.8 


78 


80 


82.1 


Means. 


77.3 


76.6 


76.3 75.9 


75. 9 177. 2 1 76. 9 

1 


1883. 
May 1 


78 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


77 


77 


77 


77 


78 


78 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


78.8 


May 2 


78 


79 


80 


81 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


78 


78 


78 


79 


80 


80 


80 


80 


80 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


80.0 


May 3 


83 


82 


81 


S3 


SI 


80 


80 


80 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


79 


80 


80 


81 


81 


81 


81 


80 


80 


81 


83 


80.5 


May 4 


82 


84 


84 


84 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


83 


84 


83 


S5 


83.1 


May 5 


86 


86 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


83 


83 


84 


84 


88 


89 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


91 


87.0 


May 6 


92 


93 


90 


92 


89 


90 


92 


95 


95 


94 


91 


92 


88 


85 


83 


83 


82 


82 


82 


82 


82 


83 


86 


87 


87.9 


May 7 


86 ; 


87 


89 


89 


87 


86 


86 


87 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


86 


85 


83 


82 


82 


84 


84 


82 


80 


81 


81 


85.0 


May 8 


84 : 


85 


88 


9J 


87 


88 


88 


89 


87 


86 


83 


83 


83 


82 


80 


78 


78 


78 


79 


79 


80 


81 


80 


81 


83.2 


May 9 


82 


87 


88 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


88 


88 


87 


87 


88 


88 


86 


84 


80 


78 


79 


81 


82 


82 


83 


84.8 


May 10 


86 


88 


89 


91 


91 


93 


94 


95 


93 


93 


90 


89 


88 


86 


85 


86 


86 


84 


83 


83 


83 


81 


82 


83 


87.6 


May 11 


82 


86 


86 


86 


85 


87 


87 


88 


89 


89 


89 


88 


87 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


85 


87 


88 


89 


87. 1 


May 12 


91 


91 


92 


94 


91 


92 


92 


86 


86 


81 


80 


85 


84 


84 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


87 


88 


91 


86.7 


May 13 


92 


91 


92 


89 


88 


87 


87 


87 


87 


87 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


89.4 


May 14 


93 


93 


92 


93 


92 


93 


94 


92 


91 


90 


90 


89 


87 


87 


85 


84 


82 


81 


80 


79 


80 


76 


77 


78 


86.fi 


May 15 


82 


84 


87 


88 


90 


91 


93 


93 


94 


93 


92 


91 


91 


89 


89 


91 


91 


89 


88 


88 


88 


90 


90 


90 


80.7 


May 16 


9i : 


92 


93 


93 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


91 


90 


88 


87 


86 


86 


86 


84 


81 


83 


85 


86 


89 


88.7 


May 17 


91 


92 


94 


94 


94 


93 


92 


91 


90 


89 


88 


87 


86 


85 


85 


85 


84 


82 


80 


80 


80 


80 


81 


84 


87.0 


May 18 


81 1 


86 


86 


85 


87 


86 


86 


86 


86 


85 


84 


82 


83 


80 


80 


78 


75 


73 


73 


73 


73 


74 


77 


80 


80.9 


May 19 


82 


82 


80 


80 


83 


84 


81 


77 


80 


80 


80 


80 


79 


78 


77 


75 


73 


75 


75 


74 


79 


79 


80 


77 


58.8 


May 20 


77 1 


89 


93 


92 


91 


86 


83 


78 


78 


79 


79 


80 


84 


84 


86 


85 


85 


81 


81 


78 


79 


78 


76 


74 


82.8 


May 21 


76 


78 


75 


81 


89 


86 


91 


91 


90 


90 


88 


85 


84 


84 


85 


84 


83 


83 


84 


82 


83 


85 


87 


90 


84.8 


May 22 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


88 


86 


85 


84 


82 


82 


81 


' 81 


80 


82 


82 


84 


87.0 


May 23 


86 j 


87 


87 


88 


88 


88 


89 


89 


89 


88 


87 


86 


84 


83 


82 


80 


79 


78 


78 


79 


80 


83 


87 


90 


84.8 


May 24 


86 | 


89 


89 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


90 


88 


88 


88 


87 


85 


84 


84 


85 


84 


84 


82 


82 


84 


87 


89 


87.0 


May 25 


90 1 


91 


90 


89 


90 


91 


94 


93 


92 


88 


87 


84 


83 


80 


80 


76 


76 


76 


77 


81 


83 


82 


83 


86 


85.1 


May 26 , 


89 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


94 


94 


93 


92 


91 


91 


89 


88 


86 


85 


85 


85 


83 


86 


90 


90 


92 


89.7 


May 27 '. 


96 


98 


96 


96 


94 


94 


92 


90 


90 


89 


87 


85 


84 


.84 


83 


82 


81 


80 


81 


83 


80 


82 


83 


84 


87.2 


Mav 28 


84 


88 


91 


94 


. 92 


90 


90 


94 


92 


87 


85 


82 


83 


82 


82 


81 


83 


84 


83 


83 


85 


89 


90 


88 


86.8 


May 29 


88 


89 


92 


92 


94 


93 


88 


87 


85 


88 


88 


89 


89 


88 


89 


89 


89 


92 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


PC 


89.4 


May 30 


91 | 


91 


91 


86 


86 


85 


84 


84 


79 


78 


77 


79 


80 


80 


79 


78 


80 


79 


80 


80 


81 


81 


82 


81 


82.2 


May 31 j 


83 | 
S6.0 


86 

37.7 


87 


88 
SS.6 


88 


87 


88 


88 


89 


90 
86.6 


90 


89 


89 
86.4 


81 
84.0 


80 

. 

83.5 


81 
82.9 


81 


79 
82.2 


83 
82.3 


86 
82.2 


82 
82.5 


83 


86 


88 


85.5 


Means.; 


88.2 


88.3 


88.0 


88.0 


87.7 


87.3 


86.2 


85.5 


82.7 


83.2 


sir 


85.2 


85.3 



260 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Table shoiving the moisture of the air at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of the hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



1883. 
July 1 
•July 2 
July 3 
July 4 

July 5 

July 6 

July 7 

Julv 8 

July 9 

July 10 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 

July 15 
July 16 
July 17 
July 18 
July 19 

July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 23 
July 24 

July 25 
July 26 
July 27 
July 28 
July 29 

July 30 
July 31 

Means 



Date. 


a 

t3 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 

so 


a 


a 

3© 


a 

ca 

35 


a 


a 

e3 


a 


a 
a 


a 
a 


a 
a 

CO 


a 

A 


a 
p. 



A 


a 

A 


a 

A 

30 


a 

A 


a 
p. 

o 


a 
A 


a 
p, 


M 


1883. 




















































June 1 


88 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


93 


90 


91 


89 


88 


87 


86 


86 


85 


84 


82 


80 


83 


84 


84 


85 


87.5 


June 2 


89 


89 


89 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


87 


86 


86 


86 


84 


81 


78 


80 


78 


80 


77 


78 


80 


84.0 


June 3 


86 


88 


90 


90 


88 


87 


85 


87 


86 


85 


87 


82 


79 


R0 


81 


81 


81 


83 


84 


86 


H4 


86 


86 


84 


84.8 


June 4 


89 


90 


89 


90 


90 


90 


92 


92 


92 


91 


92 


90 


89 


86 


86 


82 


83 


80 


80 


78 


78 


79 


81 


80 


80.2 


June 5 


85 


83 


87 


88 


87 


89 


90 


94 


92 


91 


91 


89 


88 


86 


85 


80 


78 


81 


80 


80 


80 


83 


Ffi 


89 


85.9 


June 6 


91 


91 


92 


89 


87 


80 


79 


79 


81 


80 


79 


82 


81 


82 


83 


84 


83 


83 


85 


84 


85 


83 


81 


76 


83.3 


June 7 


79 


78 


78 


82 


83 


81 


84 


92 


93 


94 


93 


92 


90 


89 


87 


88 


88 


88 


88 


89 


90 


91 


93 


95 


87.7 


June 8 


96 


96 


97 


97 


96 


95 


93 


93 


93 


90 


90 


88 


86 


85 


84 


85 


84 


84 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


88 


89.4 


June 9 


90 


92 


93 


92 


91 


91 


92 


93 


92 


90 


90 


89 


87 


85 


84 


84 


83 


82 


78 


78 


80 


80 


81 


SO 


86.5 


June 10 


81 


80 


81 


82 


82 


83 


S6 


87 


86 


86 


86 


84 


84 


80 


82 


79 


78 


80 


83 


78 


80 


78 


79 


79 


81.8 


June 11 


79 


84 


813 


88 


89 


90 


91 


91 


87 


82 


82 


88 


87 


86 


85 


85 


85 


86 


86 


90 


87 


89 


92 


94 


87.0 


June 12 


93 


95 


97 


96 


95 


95 


95 


94 


95 


94 


93 


93 


94 


91 


88 


86 


86 


83 


83 


80 


85 


86 


85 


90 


90.5 


Juno 13 


94 


94 


94 


96 


94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


90 


88 


84 


83 


83 


80 


82 


83 


86 


8fi 


90 


92 


94 


93 


89.9 


June 14 


94 


95 


96 


94 


94 


95 


95 


94 


94 


94 


93 


91 


91 


90 


89 


85 


85 


86 


86 


86 


87 


87 


88 


89 


90.7 


June 15 


90 


90 


94 


95 


93 


92 


92 


90 


89 


88 


87 


90 


91 


88 


89 


86 


85 


86 


87 


86 


89 


91 


91 


92 


89.6 


June 16 


94 


91 


92 


93 


90 


90 


91 


89 


87 


89 


91 


84 


85 


84 


80 


76 


82 


86 


85 


86 


80 


87 


91 


94 


87.7 


June 17 


95 


92 


93 


94 


90 


91 


92 


90 


91 


91 


90 


89 


86 


84 


82 


80 


76 


77 


80 


78 


82 


82 


83 


79 


86.0 


June 18 


80 


80 


90 


96 


96 


97 


96 


95 


95 


93 


90 


89 


88 


86 


85 


82 


84 


78 


79 


79 


82 


83 


85 


87 


87.2 


June 19 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


90 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


90 


88 


86 


85 


85 


83 


83 


85 


80 


87 


89 


93 


88.9 


June 20 


95 


94 


95 


95 


94 


94 


92 


92 


87 


86 


88 


88 


88 


86 


83 


83 


79 


78 


81 


74 


83 


85 


84 


78 


86.7 


June 21 


82 


91 


94 


96 


96 


95 


93 


92 


93 


92 


91 


89 


87 


88 


87 


86 


87 


87 


86 


89 


89 


90 


91 


94 


90.2 


June 22 


93 


92 


94 


95 


94 


92 


92 


90 


89 


88 


88 


87 


88 


83 


82 


82 


83 


82 


80 


78 


80 


84 


86 


87 


86.8 


June 23 


89 


92 


95 


95 


95 


96 


95 


93 


91 


90 


89 


90 


92 


93 


94 


94 


96 


90 


88 


90 


88 


88 


86 


88 


91.5 


June 24 


87 


84 


87 


91 


89 


90 


90 


89 


90 


89 


89 


87 


86 


87 


85 


85 


85 


85 


86 


81 


84 


83 


83 


83 


86.5 


June 25 


83 


84 


86 


86 


87 


88 


89 


90 


89 


87 


88 


86 


85 


87 


88 


89 


89 


87 


86 


84 


85 


85 


84 


85 


86.5 


June 26 


86 


86 


87 


88 


87 


88 


89 


88 


87 


91 


92 


93 


92 


89 


87 


86 


86 


85 


80 


88 


89 


89 


95 


95 


88.7 


June 27 


97 


96 


97 


97 


96 


96 


95 


96 


96 


95 


95 


93 


94 


94 


93 


92 


94 


92 


90 


95 


90 


91 


91 


91 


94.0 


June 28 


91 


92 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


92 


88 


88 


88 


89 


88 


81 


82 


84 


89 


90 


91 


89 


87 


82 


80 


88.1 


June 29 


82 


80 


84 


87 


90 


90 


91 


92 


93 


92 


91 


90 


89 


88 


87 


86 


86 


78 


86 


82 


82 


82 


82 


85 


86.4 


June 30 


93 


94 


93 


91 


90 


91 


91 


90 


90 


89 


89 


90 


89 


87 


86 


S5 


82 


85 


83 


85 


83 


86 


81 


83 


87.7 


Means 


88.7 


89.2 


90.7 


91.4 


90.7 


90.6 


90.8 


90.9 


90.5 


89.6 


89.4 


88.5 


87.7 


85.8 


85.4 


84.2 


84.1 


$8.6 


84.0 


83.7 


84.7 


85.3 


85.9 


86. 5 1 87.5 

1 



79 
88.2 



94 


94 


94 


94 


81 


85 


79 


74 


93 


95 


95 


96 


91 


91 


91 


88 


92 


91 


80 


82 


91 


96 


80 


83 


85 


85 


90 


93 


88 


88 


82 


84 


89.0 


89.6 



90. 3 90. 8 [90. 9 



96 
84 
95 
96 
84 

90 
95 
92 
83 
85 

94 
96 
94 
94 
93 

82 
94 
89 
89 
95 

93 
91 



95 
95 
92 

94 
95 
94 
94 

78 

95 



94 
81 

91 
95 
91 

82 
86 

94 
96 
94 
94 
94 

82 
93 
86 
90 

94 

93 
91 



90. 9 



89 


88 


86 


84 


84 


86 


88 


88 


91 


91 


91 


94 


93 


92 


92 


91 


94 


95 


95 


96 


95 


96 


95 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


93 


95 


95 


96 


9fi 


96 


92 


90 


91 


94 


93 


88 


85 


89 


89 


90 


93 


92 


92 


92 


93 


92 


93 


90 


88 


90 


93 


90 


85 


87 


85 


88 


90 


93 


93 


93 


90 


88 


89 


87 


88 


89 


87 


87 


88 


88 


87 


87 


90 


95 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


94 


93 


94 


94 


91 


91 


88 


88 


88 


88 


94 


93 


93 


92 


89 


86 


87 


80 


79 


79 


77 


77 


77 


81 


85 


89 


94 


92 


92 


90 


92 


87 


85 


82 


82 


83 


83 


81 


80 


81 


82 


82 


76 


76 


83 


83 


85 


88 


89 


91 


91 


90 


90 


90 


87 


87 


92 


95 


95 


95 


94 


90 


90 


90 


90 


89 


88 


85 


84 


84 


81 


79 


82 


82 


81 


79 


79 


80 


84 


84 


85 


83 


84 


83 


83 


83 


84 


84 


84 


86 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


91 


92 


91 


90 


91 


87 


87 


89 


89 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


92 


94 


94 


94 


92 


93 


94 


88 


87 


88 


84 


86 


87 


87 


86 


88 


89 


84 


84 


83 


82 


81 


84 


83 


84 


84 


86 


90 


90 


90 


87 


85 


87 


87 


85 


86 


85 


84 


82 


85 


87 


89 


89 


94 


95 


94 


94 


94 


92 


90 


91 


89 


86 


88 


84 


84 


83 


84 


88 


88 


87 


89 


86 


85 


85 


84 


81 


83 


86 


88 


85 


84 


84 


84 


82 


78 


78 


78 


80 


80 


82 


81 


83 


80 


80 


82 


81 


79 


79 


76 


76 


87 


87 


85 


82 


86 


84 


82 


80 


80 


94 


92 


92 


92 


90 


87 


87 


94 


93 


93 


94 


92 


92 


92 


91 


92 


92 


90 


85 


86 


89 


90 


92 


95 


94 


93 


92 


89 


88 


85 


84 


87 


88 


80 


82 


89 


88 


87 


91 


94 


94 


94 


91 


92 


90 


90 


90 


89 


66 


88 


84 


86 


88 


89 


89 


92 


85 


84 


86 


86 


87 


85 


84 


85 


84 


86 


84 


85 


89 


89 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


85 


83 


84 


84 


82 


82 


79 


78 


77 


73 


76 


80 


79 


78 


82 


83 


80 


70 


82 


82 


82 


82 


84 


84 


82 


83 


86 


91 


90 


90 


85 


84 


82 


83 


82 


82 


80 


81 


81 


79 


72 


74 


78 


80 


77 


75 


74 


72 


73 


74 


72 


72 


75 


74 


73 


72 


72 


74 


77 


89 


82 


76 


77 


77 


76 


73 


70 


70 


80 


70 


SO 


86 


91 


92 


95 


92 


88 


87 


90 


89 


86 


85 


85 


86 


86 


84 


84 


86 


86 


88 


88 


92 


92 


93 


92 


91 


90 


90 


88 


88 


84 


82 


70 


76 


76 


76 


77 


91 


91 


88 


87 


86 


83 


81 


77 


78 


77 


80 


82 


80 


83 


85 


87 


90.1 


89.1 


88.8 


88.3 


88.1 


87.2 


86.0 


85.3 


85.7 


85.9 


85.2 


84.4 


84.4 


84.5 


85.3 


86.0 



88.2 
!;J.2 
93 
90.9 

90.1 
92.9 
87.0 
87.3 
85.2 

90.3 
83.1 
92.5 
92.5 

85.7 

87.2 
90.8 
87.6 
80.8 
84.3 

91.8 
90.6 
90.5 
88.6 
87.0 

81.2 
85.6 
77.7 

82.4 
89.5 

87.0 
84.5 

87.7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



2ol 



Table showing the moisture of the air at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



[Height of tho hygrometer above the surface of the ground, 4 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 

17 minutes.] 



Date. 


a 


a 

(8 


a 


a 


a 


a 

d 


a 


a 

c3 


a 

eg 


a" 


a 

C3 


S 


a 


a 


a 


a 

Ph 


a 

p. 


a 
P. 


a 
p. 


a 

Pi 


a 


a 
p. 

o 


a 

p. 


a 


o-. . 

pa 




■" 


« 


« 


•* 


kQ 


s 


** 


00 


35 




- 


- 1 


- 


<N 


M 


■* 


O 


5» 


b« 


UO 


IS 


3 


- 


1883. 




















































Aug. 1 


88 


88 


88 


89 


90 


92 


93 


95 


95 


95 


94 


95 


95 


90 


88 


88 


88 


87 


88 


83 


85 


85 


88 


91 


89,9 


Aug. 2 


91 


92 


92 


94 


94 


95 


95 


96 


95 


95 


94 


94 


90 


86 


84 


83 


82 


84 


82 


81 


86 


86 


R8 


90 


89 5 


Aug. 3 


93 


96 


94 


94 


95 


94 


94 


94 


93 


94 


95 


95 


91 


90 


88 


86 


85 


82 


84 


86 


86 


86 


90 


90 


90.6 


Aug. 4 


92 


95 


95 


96 


95 


96 


95 


95 


95 


94 


94 


94 


94 


91 


90 


90 


87 


87 


87 


85 


88 


88 


88 


89 


91.6 


Aug. 5 


90 


91 


91 


93 


94 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


94 


94 


94 


93 


95 


93 


93 


93 


90 


91 


85 


87 


88 


89 


92.1 


Aug. 6 


89 


91 


90 


91 


92 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


92 


92 


94 


92 


90 


91 


92 


92.3 


Aug. 7 


92 


92 


92 


93 


94 


93 


93 


95 


94 


94 


92 


91 


89 


88 


90 


80 


85 


84 


80 


80 


81 


8.3 


86 


87 


88.fi 


Aug. 8 


90 


91 


89 


93 


93 


92 


92 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


92 


92 


88 


82 


82 


91.5 


Aug. 9 


85 


89 


90 


95 


95 


94 


93 


92 


92 


89 


87 


84 


77 


68 


67 


72 


75 


72 


74 


80 


79 


80 


81 


84 


83.0 


Aug. 10 


86 


89 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


91 


88 


90 


85 


83 


83 


86 


86 


87 


92 


93 


93 


92 


91 


96 


95 


95 


89.9 


Aug. 11 


95 


95 


94 


95 


95 


95 


96 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


95 


95 


94 


93 


87 


82 


88 


88 


85 


91 


84 


88 


91.8 


Aug. 12 


94 


92 


92 


93 


93 


92 


92 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


93 


90 


90 


82 


83 


89 


93 


94 


89 


91 


94 


93 


91.4 


Aug. 13 


92 


93 


95 


95 


95 


94 


95 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


92 


91 


91 


91 


90' 


90 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


90 


92.3 


Aug. 14 


89 


92 


91 


92 


92 


91 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


91 


90 


87 


90 


92 


87 


88 


86 


87 


87 


88 


89 


90.4 


Aug. 15 


88 


87 


91 


94 


93 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92. 


96 


95 


97 


95 


94 


94 


89 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


89 


91.3 


Aug. 16 


90 


91 


90 


91 


91 


91 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


93 


94 


94 


94 


95 


95 


95 


94 


92.2 


Aug. 17 


95 


95 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


90 


90 


90 


88 


89 


88 


85 


80 


80 


78 


75 


70 


72 


81 


87.7 


Aug. 18 


82 


89 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


91 


91 


91 


91 


88 


87 


90.6 


Aug. 19 


90 


90 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


89 


86 


88 


88 


88 


88 


87 


88 


88 


86 


85 


88 


87 


88.2 


Aug. 20 


89 


90 


90 


90 


90 


91 


91 


92 


92 


91 


91 


92 


92 


90 


90 


91 


91 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


91.6 


Aug. 21 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


93 


92 


93.7 


Aug. 22 


93 


93 


94 


93 


93 


94 


94 


S3 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


89 


90 


89 


89 


89 


88 


88 


88 


88 


88 


90 


91.3 


Aug. 23 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


93 


92 


90 


90 


90 


91 


90 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 


92 


93 


91.2 


Aug. 24 


94 


96 


95 


96 


95 


95 


95 


95 


95 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


89 


84 


86 


85 


83 


83 


92.1 


Aug. 25 


80 


82 


79 


79 


78 


77 


79 


81 


81 


82 


81 


83 


83 


82 


8L 


79 


79 


79 


78 


80 


80 


83 


88 


90 


81.0 


Aug. 26 


92 


92 


93 


94 


93 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


94 


93 


93 


92 


92 


91 


87 


86 


85 


85 


83 


83 


86 


90.7 


Aug. 27* 


87 


86 


88 


84 


88 


89 


89 


89 


89 


90 


86 


90 


90 


93 


94 


94 


94 

88.7 


94 


92 
88.0 


91 


91 


93 


93 


93 


90.2 


Means. 


90.0 


91.1 


91.2 


92.0 


92.1 


92.2 


92.5 


92.7 


92.4 


92.3 


91.8 


91.8 


91.0 


89.9 


89.4 


88.8 


88.0 


87.7 


87.4 


87.7 


88.1 


88.8 


90.2 



* Station abandoned August 27, 1883. 



262 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at JJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17™. Velocity given in miles per hoar.] 





1 a. in 


Dn 


2 a. m 


3TX 


3 a. m 


■ 


4 a. m 




5 a. m. 


(i a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Directi 


Directi 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 


and 


and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocit 


"• 


velocit. 


"■ 


velocit 


r- 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


1881. 
Oct. 18 


WSW. 




S. 




S. 




S. 




SW. 




S. 


SSW. 




SSW. 


SSW. 


SSW. 


SSW. 


SSW. 


Oct. 19 


W. 


36 


W. 


30 


W. 


30 


W. 


30 


W. 


28 


W. 28 


WNW. 


24 


W. 21 


W. 17 


NW. 8 


NW. 6 


NW. 5 


Oct. 20 


ESE. 


18 


E. 


19 


E. 


20 


E. 


22 


E. 


20 


E. 21 


SE. 


22 


SE. 24 


SE. 20 


SE. 26 


SE. 24 


SE. 26 


Oet. 21 


SE. 


8 


E. 


6 


NE. 


4 


SE. 


2 


S. 


4 


S. 4 


s. 


6 


SW. 7 


NW. 12 


NW. 18 


N. 20 


N. 20 


Oct. 22 


N. 


14 


N. 


15 


N. 


15 


N. 


13 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 13 


NE. 


18 


N. 18 


NNE. 18 


NNE. 16 


NNE. 16 


NNE. 16 


Oct. 23 


HNE. 


20 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 20 


NE. 


24 


NE. 24 


NE. 22 


NE. 22 


NE. 20 


NE. 24 


Oct. 24 


N. 


25 


N. 


24 


ST. 


24 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 12 


N. 


13 


NNE. 17 


NNE. 16 


N. 18 


N. 30 


N. 20 


Oct. 25 


ST. 


44 


ST. 


44 


N. 


44 


N. 


36 


N. 


32 


NNE. 32 


N. 


32 


N. 32 


N. 32 


N. 29 


N. 24 


N. 24 


Oct. 26 


N. 


8 


ST. 


10 


N. 


12 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 


15 


NNE. 14 


jr. 


20 


N. 16 


N. 19 


N. 16 


N. 12 


N. 16 


Oct. 27 


NNE. 


11 


N. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NE. 


8 


ENE. 


8 


E. 9 


SE. 


10 


SE. 10 


SE. 12 


SE. 14 


SE. 10 


SE. 10 


Oct. 28 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


19 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


24 


NNE 20 


NNE. 


21 


NE. 22 


NNE. 24 


NNE. 24 


N. 24 


N. 24 


Oct. 29 


ESE. 


4 


ENE. 


5 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


1 


NNE. 


1 


E. 2 


E. 


2 


E. 3 


E. 3 


Calm. 


E. 2 


E. 2 


Oct. 30 


E. 


4 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


9 


SE. 9 


SE. 


12 


SE. 6 


SE. 8 


SE. 3 


SE. 4 


SE. 4 


Oct. 31 


ESE. 


5 


E. 


5 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


6 


SE. 6 


E. 


7 


E. 14 


E. 11 


E. 8 


E. 10 


E. 10 


Means. 


16.23 




16.69 




16.61 


16.07 




14.61 




14.61 


16.23 




16.46 


16.46 


15.53 


15.53 


15.46 







1 p. m 




2 p. m 


. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m 


5 p. m 




6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 










































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 






and 




and 




and 


and 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. ' velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1881. 
Oct. 18 


SW. 


28 


SW. 


28 


SW. 28 


SW. 


30 j SW. 


32 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


28 


SW. 


36 


SW. 34 


SW. 40 


SW. 40 


SW. 40 


(*) 


Oct. 


19 


NE. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 14 '■ E. 


12 i E. 


15 


E. 


18 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 15 


E. 16 


ESE. 20 


ESE. 20 


18.04 


Oct. 


20 


SE. 


26 


SE. 


28 


SE. 25 i SE. 


20 I SE. 


20 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


20 


SE. 18 


SE. 16 


SE. 12 


ESE. 8 


20.62 


Oct. 


21 


N. 


20 


N. 


16 


NNW. 18 l NNW. 


16 j NW. 


14 


NW. 


16 


NW. 


16 


N. 


16 


N. 16 


NNW. 16 


NNW. 17 


N. 13 


12.70 


Oct. 


22 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


18 


NE. 20 NE. 


20 


NE. 


22 


NE. 


20 


NE. ■ 


20 


NE. 


21 


NE. 22 


NE 22 


NNE. 21 


NE. 24 


18.12 


Oct. 


23 


NE. 


26 


NE. 


20 


NNE. 20 j NNE. 


28 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


26 


NNE. 


27 


NNE. 


27 


NNE. 24 


N. 24 


NNE. 24 


NNE. 24 


23.25 


Oct. 


24 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


19 


NE. 36 ' NE. 


34 


NE. 


36 


NE 


40 


NE. 


36 


NE. 


32 


NNE. 36 


NNE. 41 


NNE. 40 


NNE. 44 


26.95 


Oct. 


25 


N. 


24 


N. 


24 


N. 22 1 N. 


16 


N. 


17 


N. 


16 


N. 


12 


N. 


10 


N. 10 


N. 9 


N. 11 


NNE. 12 


24.50 


Oct. 


26 


N. 


16 


N. 


16 


N. 20 I N. 


16 


NNW. 


18 


NNW. 


18 


NNW. 


20 


NW. 


16 


NW. 16 


NW. 14 


NW. 12 


NW. 13 


15.25 


Oct. 


27 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


8 


SSE. 5 ; Calm. 




SE. 


4 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


3 


E. 


8 


NNE. 10 


NNE. 10 


NE. 14 


NE. 13 


8.61 


Oct. 


28 


N. 


24 


N. 


24 


N. 26 N. 


25 


N. 


25 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


15 


E. 


16 


E. 6 


E. 3 


SE. 11 


SE. 4 


18.62 


Oct. 


29 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


ENE. 3 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


4 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


6 


NNE. 6 


E. 8 


ESE. 7 


E. 7 


3.70 


Oct. 


30 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


2 


Calm. 


SSE. 


4 


SE. 


10 


E. 


5 


E. 


14 


E. 


8 


E. 6 


E. 3 


ESE. 3 


E. 8 


6.16 


Oct. 


31 

ins. 


E. 


•12 


E. 


16 


E. 18 


E. 


22 


E. 


22 


E 


22 


E. 


26 


E 


28 


E. 28 


E. 28 


E. 28 


E. 26 


15.58 


Me 


16.23 


15.53 


17.46 


16.69 


17.92 


16.92 


17.30 


16.92 


16.38 


16.15 


16.92 


16.67 


1&31 



' Record incomplete for October, 18. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 



263 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above snrfaco of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean loeal time, — 5 h 17 lu . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 



1 a. m. 



Date, j Di rect i on 
and 
velocity. 



1881. 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 2 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 4 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 6 



E. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 



Nov. 7 I ENE. 
Nov. 8 ! ENE. 



Nov. 9 

Nov. 10 

Nov. 11 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 13 

Nov. 14 

Nov. 15 



NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

E\ T E, 
ENE. 
ESE. 
S. 



2 a. m. 



3 a. m. 



4 a. m. 



Direction Direction i Direction 

and and and 

velocity. velocity. velocity. 



6 a. m. 



Direction | Direction 

and and 

velocity. I velocity. 



E. 

ENE. 
EN'E. 

ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
NNE. 

NE. 
N E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
ESE. 
S. 



26 E. 

20 ENE. 

38 ! ENE. 

■-1 ENE. 

20 j ENE. 

26 ! ENE. 



24 E. 



20 ENE. 

36 ENE. 

24 ENE. 

20 ENE. 

26 ENE. 



Nov. 16 WNW. 20 ' WNW. 21 



Nov. 17 ! NNE. 13 

Nov. 18 i NE. 21 

Nov. 19 i NE. 38 

Nov. 20 i E. 24 

Nov. 21 ! WNW. 24 



NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 



ENE. 
ENE. 
N NE. 
NE. 
NE. 



22 NE. 
16 ENE. 
24 NNE. 
22 NE. 
NE. 



20 



EXE 
ENE. 

ESE. 18 
SSW. 24 
WNW. 18 



11 ENE. 

6 ENE. 

ESE. 

SSW. 

W. 



E. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
NE. 



22 i E. 

20 j ENE. 
34 ENE. 
24 ENE. 
28 | ENE. 
20 ! ENE. 



7 a. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



WNW. 21 



Nov. 22 
Nov. 23 
Nov. 24 
Nov. 25 I ENE 
Nov. 26 ! E. 



NW. 
SSW. 
ENE. 



Nov. 27 
Nov. 28 
Nov. 29 
Nov. 30 



ENE. 

SW. 8 

S. 15 

NW. 12 



NW. 

SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

ENE. 
SW. 

S. 

N. 



NNE. 10 

NE. 24 

ENE. 36 

ESE. 10 

WNW. 24 



NW. 
SS W. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

ENE 

S. 
S. 

N. 



12 ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 

SSW. 



WNW. 18 



NNE. 11 . NNE. 8 

NE. 24 | NE. 28 

ENE. 36 I ENE. 30 

ESE. 14 i ESE. 10 

WNW. 24 WNW. 26 



10 NW. 
4 SSW. 
14 I ENE. 
18 ! ENE. 

28 I E. ■ 



ENE. 

ssw. 

s. 

N. 



6 ; NW. 
5 i SSW. 

18 ' ENE. 
20 I ENE. 
24 | E. 

7 ' ENE. 
9 i S. 

14 ! s. 

8 N. 



M. 



eans. 



19.00 



19.10 



18.36 



18.33 



18.03 



NE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 



16 
32 
24 
22 
24 

20 
10 
28 
20 
17 



ENE. 12 

ENE. 4 

SE. 20 

SW. 25 

WNW. 20 



NNE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

S. 

NW. 

NW. 
SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

E. 

E. 

S. 

s. 

N. 



17.80 



E. 

NE. 
NE 

ENE' 
ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SW. 

WNW. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

SSE. 

NW. 

NW. 
SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

ENE. 
SSE. 

S. 

N. 



8 a. m. 



Direction 
and 

volocitv. 



E. 

ENE. 

NE 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SW. 

NW. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

SSE. 

NW. 



it a. m. 



10 a. m. 



i! a. m. 



Direction Direction Direction 

and and and 

velocity. velocity. velocity. 



E. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE 



20 , E. 



ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 



20 E. 

19 ENE. 
36 ! NE. 

21 ENE. 
27 , ENE. 
25 ENE. 



24 ENE. 
14 ' ENE. 

30 ' NNE. 
20 j NE 
19 ; ENE. 

ENE. 

4 : E. 

18 I SE, 

24 SW. 

18 ' NW. 

i 

9 NE. 
29 ' NE. 
34 ENE. 
11 SSE. 

31 ! NW. 



20 ENE. 
12 ! ENE. 
29 NNE. 
20 i NE. 
10 ! ENE. 



19 j NE. 
11 ! ENE. 
31 NNE. 
22 , NE. 
15 ENE. 



ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SW. 

NW. 



6 NW. 

4 SSW. 

16 ENE. 

27 ENE 

25 E. 



! E. 



SSE. 

S. 

N. 



10.40 



NW. 
SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

ENE. 
SSE. 
S. 
N. 



NE, 
32 NE. 
31 ENE. 
16 S. 
28 NW. 

6 NW. 

7 ! S. 

15 ENE. 
28 i ENE. 
22 E. 



10 ENE. 
4 E. 
18 ! E=0E. 
28 ! SW. 
20 NW. 

10 j NE. 

30 I NE. 

28 I E. 

10 I SSE. 

26 I NW. 



3 
5 
17 
28 
22 



NW. 

SSE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 



8 ENE. 

10 SsE. 

8 S. 

12 N. 



9 ' ENE. 
10 SSE. 

4 i NW. 
10 j N. 



12 m. 



Direct ion 

and 
velocity. 



E. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 



16 

16 

36 

18 
24 
24 



NE. 16 

ENE. 15 

N. £8 

NE. 24 

ENE. 12 

ENE. 6 

E. 6 

ESE. 20 

SW. 24 

NW. 15 



18.50 



17.46 



NE. 

NE. 
E. 

SSE. 
WNW. 

NW. 

SSE. 
ENE. 
E. 
E. 

ENE. 

SSE. 

NW. 

N. 



9 
32 
28 

6 
20 



20 
34 
18 

6 
9 

20 
10 








1 p. m. 


2 p. m. Si p. m. 4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. 


m. 


lip. 


m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction ■ 


Direction Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direct 


ion 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1881. 
Nov. 1 


E. 


20 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 


10 


ENE. 20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


18 i ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 20 


19. 70 


Nov. 2 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 16 ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. . 28 


21.20 


Nov. 3 


ENE. 


32 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 36 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


26 


ENE. 


27 


NE. 24 


31.87 


Nov. 4 


E. 


19 


E. 


14 


E. 


15 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 18 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 13 


19.62 


Nov. 5 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


31 


ENE. 30 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 24 


23.58 


Nov. 6 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 21 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


20 


• NE. 


24 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


ENE. 18 


22.95 


Nov. 7 


NE. 


18 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


16 


NE. 24 


NE. 


1.8 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


24 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 20 


19.62 


Nov. 8 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 14 


ENE. 


Ifl 


NE. 


16 


NNE. 


14 j NNE. 


16 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


25 


NNE. 24 


15.55 


Nov. 9 


NNE. 


28 


NNE. 


24 


N. 


26 


NNE. 


26 


NNE. 24 


NNE. 


21 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


21 j NNE. 


21 


NNE. 


24 


NE. 


22 


NNE. 20 


25.55 


Nov. 10 


NE. 


23 


NE. 


21 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


21 


NE. 22 


NE. 


18 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


16 ' NE. 


18 


NE. 


16 


NN. 


20 


NE. 17 


20.45 


Nov. 11 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


18- 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 14 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 11 


15.08 


Nov. 12 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


5 1 ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


5 


ENE 


5 


ENE. 5 


8.41 


Nov. 13 


E. 


6 


E. 


6 


E. 


6 


E. 


7 


E. 8 


E. 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 


16 


E. 


18 


E. 


18 


E. 


18 


ESE. 16 


8.08 


Nov. 14 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


SE. 


14 


SE. 16 


SE. 


12 


S. 


20 


S. 


13 


S. 


1G 


S. 


17 


S. 


20 


S. 20 


17.75 


Nov. 15 


SW. 


26 


SW. 


24 


SW. 


26 


SW. 


28 


WNW. 28 


NW. 


20 


NW. 


18 


W. 


12 


W. 


17 


W. 


20 


W. 


17 


WNW. 24 


23.45 


Nov. 16 


NW. 


16 


NW. 


15 


NW. 


15 


NNW. 


15 


NNW. 9 


NNW. 


14 


NNW. 


14 


N. 


14 


N. 


n 


N. 


10 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 12 


16.16 


Nov. 17 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 9 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


19 


NE. 20 


11.20 


Nov. 18 


NE. 


35 


NE. 


34 


NE. 


35 


NE. 


32 


NE. 34 


NE. 


36 


NE. 


40 


NE. 


40 


NE. 


40 


NE. 


40 


NE. 


43 


NE. 40 


32.54 


Nov. 19 


E. 


28 


E. 


25 


E. 


27 


E. 


25 


E. 25 i E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


22 


E. 


23 


E. 


20 


E. 


15 


E 24 


28. 20 


Nov. 20 


S. 


12 


S. 


10 


WSW. 


20 


WSW. 


12 


WSW. 24 ! W. 


20 


W. 


24 


WNW. 


20 


W. 


20 


WNW 


20 


WNW 


24 


WNW. 22 


16.66 


Nov. 21 


W. 


20 


W. 


20 


WNW. 


19 


W. 


18 


W. 14 ' WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


10 


WNW 


.15 


WNW 


14 


NW. 


12 


NW. 11 


20.45 


Nov. 22 


ssw. 


6 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 7 | SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


4 


ssw. 


4 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 4 


5.29 


Nov. 23 


SSE. 


4 


SSE. 


6 


E. 


11 


E. 


14 


E. 13 j E. 


14 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 18 


8.41 


Nov. 24 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 15 BETE. 


Ifi 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20. 


ENE. 20 


16.54 


Nov. 25 


E. 


32 


ENE. 


30 


EN'E. 


34 


E. 


33 


E. 30 E. 


30 


E. 


28 


E. 


28 


E. 


28 


E. 


28 


E 


28 


E. 31 


27. 45 


Nov. 26 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


15 


E. 


11 


E. 13 ; E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


11 


E. 


11 


ENE. 


10 


E. 


9 


E. 9 


18.16 


Nov. 27 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


12 


E. 12 i E. 


11 


E. 


7 


E. 


5 


SE. 


5 


S. 


7 


SSW. 


7 


SW. 10 


8.04 


Nov. 28 


SSE. 


7 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


4 


.-SE. 


4 


SSW. 14 ' s. 


9 


S. 


9 


S. 


18 


s. 


1.4 


S. 


9 


S. 


12 


S. 12 


9. 6G 


Nov. 29 


NW. 


24 


NW. 


24 


NW. 


20 


NW. 


18 


NW. 13 | NW. 


14 


NW. 


15 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


14 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


12 


NW. 9 


111.62 


Nov. 30 


N. 


10 


N. 

16.30 


10 


N. 


10 


N. 


9 


N. 9 N. 


16 


N. 


12 


N. 


6 


N. 


7 


N. 


8 


NNW. 


12 


NW. 14 


10.04 


Means 


17.56 




17.70 


17. 43 


18. 00 16. 96 


17.43 


17. 20 


17.03 


17.20 


17. 93 


18.00 


17.84 



264 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the loind at Uglaamie from Octouer, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . "Velocity given in miles per hour."| 



1 a.m. 



3 a. m. 



1a.m. 



5 a.m. 



6 a. m. 



8 a.m. 



9 a. m. 



10 a.m. 



11 a.m. 



12 m. 



Date. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



. Direction 
and 

velocity. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



Direction 

and 
velocitv. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



Direction 

and 
velocitv. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



1881. 
Dec. 1 



Dec. 
Dec. 
Dee. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



Dec. 7 
Dec. 8 
Dec. 9 

Dec. 10 
Dec. 11 

Dee. 12 

Dec. 13 

Dec. 14 

Dee. 15 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 17 

Dec. 18 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 22 

Dec. 23 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 25 

Dec. 26 

Dec* 27 
Dec. 28 
Dec. 29 
Dec. 30 
Dec. 31 

Means . 



NW. 

SSW. 

ENE. 

N. 

NE. 

NE. 

SSE. 
W. 

ssw. 
s. 

Calm. 

sw. 

KlfW. 

wnw. 
ssw. 

ssw. 

ssw. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



14 



NE. 

NE. 

Calm. 

S. 5 

W. 3 



WNW. 14 
WNW. 6 
SSE. 14 
SE. 16 

SSW. 14 



HW. 



14 



NW. 



12 



¥NW. 9 

ENE. 41 

N. 4 

NE. 12 

NE. 8 



WNW. 8 

ENE. 41 

N. 4 

NE. 13 

NE. 8 



WW. 9 

WNW. 5 

ENE. 40 

N. 4 

NE. 13 

NE. 4 



NW. 9 

WNW. 

ENE. 38 

ENE. 3 

NE. 15 

NE. 4 



WSW. 10 

"WNW. 6 

ENE. 36 

E. 3 

NE. 16 

NE. 4 



WSW. 

WNW. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

Calm. 



SW. 

w. 

ssw. 

s. 

Calm. 

NW. 

W. 

WNW. 
SSW. 
SSW. 

SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



12 



11 



SSW. 

w. 

ssw. 
s. 

Calm. 



11 



W. 
W. 

ssw. 
s. 

Calm. 



NW. 12 
W. 10 

WNW. 3 

SSW. 4 
SSW. 8 



NW. 12 
W. 8 

WNW. 3 
SSW. 4 
SSW. . 8 



NE. 5 

NE. 13 
Calm. 

S. 3 

W. 4 

WNW. 11 

WNW. 7 

SSE. 12 

SE. 12 

SSW. 20 



SSW. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

Calm. 

S. 

W. 



SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



WNW. 6 

WNW. 4 

SSE. 14 

SE. 12 

SSW. 12 



NE. 5 

ENE. 12 
Calm. 

S. 4 

"W. 5 

WNW. 8 

WNW. 4 

SSE. 14 

SE. 7 

SSW. 11 



w. 
w. 

ssw. 
s. 

Calm. 

NW. 

W. 

WNW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

Calm. 

Calm. 

Calm. 

WNW. 

Calm. 

SE. 

SE. 

SSW. 



12 



W. 

W. 

SE. 

SSW. 

Calm. 



W. 6 

W. 7 

SE. 5 

SW. 7 

N. 5 



SSW. 

N. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

Calm. 

W. 
W. 

SE. 
W. 

N. 



14 



W. 



16 



N. 16 

NE. 41 

ENE. 7 

NE. 16 
Calm. 

W. 8 

W. 5 

SE. 4 

W. 11 

SSE. 



NNW. 14 
WNW. 10 
WNW. 4 
SSW. 3 
SSW. 8 



NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



NNW. 
WNW. 
S. 
SSW. 

ssw. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



NNW. 11 

WNW. 12 

S. 5 

SSW. 4 

ssw. io 



NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 



NE. 3 

ENE. 12 

Calm. 

Calm. 

W. ' 3 



WNW. 10 
WNW. 3 
SE. 13 

Calm. 
SSW. 12 



ESE. 4 

ENE. 11 

Calm. 

Calm. 

W. 5 



ESE. 

ENE. 

Calm. 

S. 

W. 



WNW. 
WNW. 

SE. 
SE. 
SSW. 



WNW. 11 
WNW. 6 
SE. 
Calm. 

SSW. 



14 



12 



NNW. 

WNW. 

S. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

Calm. 

S. 

W. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

SE. 

Calm. 

SSW. 



WSW. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

NE 

Calm. 

W. 
W. 
SE. 
W. 
SSE. 

NNW. 
WNW. 
S. 
SSW. 

SSW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
EXE. 
ENE. 

NE. 



ESE. 4 

ENE. 8 

ESE. 7 

S. 4 
Calm. 



WSW. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

W. 

W 
SE. 
W. 
SSE, 

NNW. 
WNW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 
ssw. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

E. 

S. 

S. 

WNW. 



WNW. 

WNW. 

SE. 

S. 

SSW. 



WNW. 12 

WNW. 6 

SE. 20 

S. 15 

WSW. 7 



SW. 

NE. 
N. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

W. 
W. 

SE. 
W. 
SSE. 

NNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

ENE." 

NE. 

NE. 

ESE. 
Calm. 
S. 

Calm. 
Calm . 

WNW. 
Calm. 
SE. 
S. 

wsw. 



9 
24 



16 

4 



7 

6 

10 

5 



14 
12 



4 
10 



8.67 



9.09 



8.61 



7.83 



7.16 



7.38 



8.16 



9.25 



1.90 



8.03 



9.00 



8.16 



Date. 



1881. 
Dec. 1 



Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



Dec. 7 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 11 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 13 

Dee. 14 

Dec. 15 

Dec. 10 

Dec. 17 

Dec. 18 

Dec. 19 

Dec. 20 

Dec. 21 

Dec. 22 

Dec. 23 

Dec. 24 

Dec. 25 

Dec. 26 

Dec. 27 

Dec. 28 

Dec. 29 

Dec. 30 

Dec. 31 

Means. 



1 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SSW. It 



NE.- 
N. 

ENE. 
NE. 

NNE. 



W 8 

SW. 8 

SE. 4 

WNW. 7 

SSE. 7 



2 p. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



W. 

ENE. 

N. 
NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 



18 



NNW. 

WNW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

S. 

Calm. 

Calm. 



WNW. 14 

WNW. 7 

SE. 20 

S. 9 

WSW. 6 

8.93 



W 8 

SW. 8 

SSW. 7 

NW. 4 

SSE. 7 



NNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 

ESE. 

Calm. 

S. 

Calm. 

Calm. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

SE. 

S. 

Calm. 



3 p. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



WSW. 15 

ENE. 31 

N. 24 

NE. 9 

NE. 10 
Calm. 



W. 

SW. 

s. 

NW. 
SSE. 

NNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 

NE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 



12 



8.25 



ESE. 4 

ENE. 4 

S. 4 
Calm. 

WSW. 8 

WNW. 10 

WNW. 4 

SE. 22 

S. 10 
Calm. 

8.29 



4 p. m. 



Direction 

and. 
velocity. 



W. 



23 



ENE. 31 

N. 22 

NE. 8 

NE. 10 

NNE. 3 



W. 

SW. 
SSE. 
NW. 
SSE. 

NNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 



ESE. 5 

Calm. 

S. 6 

Calm. 

WSW. 4 

WNW. 12 

WSW. 6 

SE. 20 

S. 11 
Calm. 

8.48 



5 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



WNW. 12 



ENE. 

N. 

NE. 

NE. 

Calm. 



W. 8 

SW. 8 

SSE. 4 

NW. 7 

SSE. 22 



NNW. 

WNW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 



NE. 4 

ENE. 5 

ENE. 8 

NE. 12 

NE. 8 



ENE. 

Calm. 

S. 

W. 

W. 



WNW. 12 
SW. 3 

SE. 22 

S. 13 

Calm. 

8.70 



6 p. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



W. 

ENE. 

N. 

NE. 

NE. 

SE. 

W. 
SW. 

SSE. 
NW. 
S. 

NNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 

ENE. 

ENE 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

S. 

W. 

W. 



7 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



WNW. 7 



ENE. 39 

N. 16 

NE. 8 

NE. 10 

SE. 8 



WNW. 14 
SSW. 2 
SE. 20 

S. 12 

Calm. 

8.48 



W. 

SW. 
SSE. 

N. 
S. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
S. 

w. 
w. 



8 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SSW. 9 

ENE. 36 

N. 16 

NE. 7 

NE. 9 

SE. 8 



WNW. 10 

SSW. 3 

SE. 24 

S. 12 
Calm. 

8.58 



W. 

SW. 

SSE. 

N. 
S. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

SSW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

S. 

W. 

W. 



WNW. 10 
S. 8 

ESE. 24 
S. 12 

Calm. 

8.48 



9 p. m. ; 10 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SSW. 16 



ENE. 
N. . 
NE. 
NE. 

SE. 

W. 

SW. 

SSE. 

N. 

S. 



NNW. 5 

WNW. 4 

SSW. 3 

SSW. 7 

SSW. 2 



ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 



ENE. 9 
ENE. 2 
S. 6 

W. 4 

WNW. 10 

WNW. 12 
S. 8 

SE. 20 
S. 11 

Calm. 

8. 2-5 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



WSW. 13 

ENE. 40 

N. 10 

NE. 13 

NE. 5 

SE. 5 



W. 
SW. 
SSE. 
N. 

s. 



NNW. 6 
WNW. 4 
SSW. 2 
SSA'. 6 
Calm. 



11 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 12 
ENE. 40 



N. 
NE. 
NE. 
SE. 

W. 

SW. 

SSE. 

N. 

S. 



ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE.- 

NE. 



ENE. 12 
Calm. 
S. 4 

W. 6 

WNW. 9 



WNW. 12 
Calm. 
SE. 24 
SW. 16 
Calm. 

8.29 



NNW. 7 
WNW. 5 
SSW. 3 
SSW. 8 
SSW. 4 

ENE. 3 

ENE. 4 

ENE. 9 

NE. 13 

NE. 4 

ENE. 13 

Calm. 
S. 6 

W. 4 

WN W. 10 

WNW. 6 
SSE. 3 
ESE. 23 
SW. 12 

E. 4 

8.32 



12 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 



SSW. 17 

ENE. 40 

N. 6 

NE. 12 

NE. 4 

SE. 8 



W. 

SW. 

SSE. 

N. 

S. 



11 

4 



3 

12 



NNW. 7 
WNW. 5 
SSW. 3 
SSW. 8 
SSW. 3 



ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 



NE. 
Calm 
S. 4 

W. 5 

WNW. 11 

WNW. 6 

SSE. 10 
ESE. 15 
SSW. 12 
E. 5 

8.54 



12.41 

23.50 
28.JI! 

7. 33 
11.08 

3.95 

8.95 
5.66 
4.54 
8.00 

7.87 

7.83 
7.25 
3.62 
4.62 
5.85 

3.62 
4.79 
7.54 
11.12 
9.04 

6.08 
0. 02 
4.83 
3.08 
4.91 

!). or, 
4. ;">8 
18. 37 
9.45 
6.00 

8.41 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABPOW, ALASKA. 



2i>5 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

fHoijjlit of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to moan local time. — 5' 1 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





t a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a.m. a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


1) a. m. 


10 a. n 


. 


1! a. rr 


. 


12 m. 




Date. 


1 Direct 


on 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


: Direct 


on Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Directi 


an 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 






veloci 


y. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


: velocity. 1 velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocit; 




velocity 




1882. 
.Tan. 1 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


17 


Jan. 2 


E. 


14 


E. 


12 


E. 


10 


E. 


10 


JE. 


12 


E. 10 


E 


14 


E. 


12 


E. 


9 


E. 


12 


E. 


14 


E. 


\9, 


Jan. 3 


E. 


13 , E. 


11 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


15 


Jan. 4 


ENE. 


10 1 ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


8 


EKE. 


8 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


fi 


Jan. 5 


E. 


11 E. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 5 


ENE. 


o 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


4 


Jan. (i 


Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Jan. 7 


Calm. 


. j NE. 


4 


Calm. 




KB. 


4 


Calm. 




NE. 4 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


i I : 


4 


Calm. 




Jan. 8 


NE. 


4 KE. 


4 


KE. 


4 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


4 


Calm 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


4 


Jan n 


NE. 


11 ME. 


8 


KE. 


7 


NE. 





NE. 


8 


NE. 3 


Calm. 




NE. 


5 


NE. 





NE. 


8 


NE. 


8 


KE. 


7 


Jan. 10 


KE. 


! HE. 





KE. 


6 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


8 1 KE. 4 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


8 


Jan. 11 ■ 


ENE. 


18 1 EKE. 


1R 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


20 | ENE. 20 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


Jan. 12 


ENE. 


28 ! ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


28 ' EKE. 24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


SE. 


24 


S. 


30 


s-;w. 


28 


Jan. 1.1 


W. 


40 j W. 


48 


W. 


48 


W. 


46 


W. 


48 1 W. 52 


W. 


52 


W. 


52 


WSW. 


52 


W. 


52 


W. 


52 


WSW. 


52 


Jan. 14 


W. 


48 1 W. 


40 


w. 


38 


W. 


42 


W. 


38 W. 38 


W. 


32 


w. 


32 


w. 


32 


W. 


32 


W. 


24 


w. 


24 


Jan. l."> 


Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 


WNW. 7 


WNW. 


7 


NW. 


10 


N. 


8 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


9 


Jan. 10 


NNE. 


10 ! KKE. 


12 


KE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


16 KE. 14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


Jan. 17 


ENE. 


32 j ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 ; ENE. 25 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


32 


E. 


32 


E. 


30 


E. 


32 


Jan. 18 


ESE. 


20 E. 


20 


E. 


16 


E. 


12 


E. 


13 ] E. 11 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


16 


E. 


20 


E. 





Jan. 19 


E. 


10 E. 


13 


E. 


12 


E. 


14 


E. 


14 ! E. 14 


E. 


16 


E. 


10 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


Jan. 20 


Calm. 


Calm. 




WKW. 


9 


WKW. 


8 


WNW. 


8 WNW. 10 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


8 


Jan. 21 


SSW. 


14 : S. 


12 


S. 


14 


S. 


14 


SSE. 


17 j SSE. 24 


SSE. 


24 


SSE. 


24 


SSE. 


24 


SSE. 


28 


SSE. 


28 


SSE. 


28 


Jan. 22 


S. 


40 I S. 


46 


s. 


54 


S. 


54 


S. 


56 S. 52 


S. 


52 


S. 


52 


S. 


56 


sw. 


52 


SW. 


64 


SW. 


100 


Jan. 23 


\V. 


34 W. 


28 


w. 


28 


w. 


28 


w. 


28 W. 27 


wsw. 


28 


w. 


28 


w. 


28 


w. 


30 


W. 


28 


WSW. 


28 


Jan. 24 


w. 


34 1 W. 


34 


w. 


36 


w. 


34 


w. 


32 1 W. 32 


w. 


32 


w. 


28 


w. 


28 


w. 


32 


W. 


24 


W. 


20 


Jan. 25 


sw. 


4 1 SW. 


7 


sw. 


6 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


4 SE. 6 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


16 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 


16 


Jan. 20 


w. 


17 ! w. 


14 


w. 


12 


W. 


16 


W. 


18 


WNW. 24 


WNW. 


26 


WKW. 


24 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


26 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


20 


Jan. 27 


w. 


24 ! W. 


24 


w. 


22 


w. 


24 


W. 


24 


W. 22 


w. 


22 


w. 


24 


W. 


24 


W. 


20 


W. 


'.() 


w. 


20 


Jan. 28 


¥N¥. 


7 i WNW. 





"WKW. 


4 


WKW. 


6 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 5 


WNW. 


4 


WKW. 


4 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


3 


Jan. 29 ' 


MKE. 


9 NKE. 


10 


KNE. 


8 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


9 NNE. 8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


Jan. 30 


N. 


4 ! Calm. 




Calm. 




N. 


4 


N. 


2 i Calm. 


Calm. 




N. 


2 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Jan. 31 


ESE. 


6 ESE. 


2 


EKE. 


8 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 NE. 10 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


16 


Means. 


15.52 


14.81 




14.87 




15.61 




15.90 


[ 15. 81 


16.55 


17.06 




16.93 




17.13 


17.61 




17.04 





1 p. in. 2 p.m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 










































Datc - Directioi 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve 
locity. 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
Jan. 1 


ESE. 


I 
17 ESE. 


14 


E. 


15 


E. 


20 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 10 


E. 14 


E. 12 


E. 12 


13.83 


Jan. 2 


E. 


9 i E. 


8 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


10 


E. 


5 


E. 9 


E. 10 


E. 11 


E. 12 


10.95 


Jan. 3 


ENE. 


13 ! ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


10 


EKE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 12 


ENE. 9 


ENE. 10 


ENE. 10 


12.00 


Jan. 4 


ENE. 


6 ! ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


8 


E. 


4 


E. 


4 


E. 


7 


E. 7 


E. 6 


E. 11 


E. 10 


8.04 


Jan. 5 


ENE. 


4 j ENE. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 


4.12 


Jan. G 


Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 


! Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 




Jan. 7 


NE. 


4 | NE. 


4 


NE. 


3 


NE. 


3 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


3 


NE. 


3 


NE. 


3 


NE. 4 


NE. 5 


NE. 3 


NE. 3 


3 10 


Jan. 8 


NE. 


5 ! NE. 


4 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


4 KE. 


5 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


11 


NE. 8. 


NE. 6 


NE. 6 


KE. 9 


5.50 


Jan. 9 


NE. 


5 NE. 


4 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


7 


NE. 7 


NE. 7 


NE. 6 


NE. 6 


0.41 


Jan. 10 


NE. 


10 I NE. 


12 


NE. 


13 


EKE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 13 


ENE. 16 


ENE. 1G 


ENE. 17 


10.70 


Jan. 11 


ENE. 


28 ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 


EKE. 


30 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


32 


ENE. 


40 


ENE. 36 


ENE. 37 


ENE. 32 


ENE. 30 


25. 3^ 


Jan. 12 


SSW. 


36 SSW. 


38 


SSW. 


36 


WSW. 


40 


WSW. 


37 


WSW. 


44 


WSW. 


48 


W. 


40 


WSW. 44 


WSW. 47 


W. 42 


W. 52 


34.04 


Jan. 13 


w. 


52 WSW. 


48 


W. 


48 


W. 


52 


W. 


52 


W. 


50 


w. 


48 


W. 


48 


W. 45 


WNW. ] 46 


WNW.MG 


W. '48 


49. 29 


Jan. 14 


w. 


24 W. 


13 


w. 


14 


w. 


15 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


23 WNW. 


4 


WNW. 2 


WNW. 6 


WNW. 10 


Calm. 


23. 58 


Jan. 1 5 


NNE. 


8 -NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


8 ; NNE. 


9 


KKE. 


8 


NNE. 


11 1 NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 11 


NNE. 11 


KKE. 8 


NNE. 10 


7.83 


Jan. 16 


ENE. 


16 ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 ENE. 


17 ENE. 


"20 


ENE. 


>23 ! ENE. 


?fi 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 24 


ENE. 20 


EKE. 2i 


ENE. 24 


17.08 


Jan. 17 


E. 


36 1 E. 


36 


E. 


32 ! E. 


35 


E. 


32 


E. 


28 


E. 


30 


E. 


24 


E. 20 


E. 16 


ESE. 20 1 ESE. 20 


28. 37 


Jan. 18 


E. 


9 ! E. 


9 


E. 


12 ; E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


22 


E. 


n 


E. 


17 


E. 12 


E. 15 


E. J3 ' E. 11 


15.08 


Jan. 19 


E. 


7 E. 


6 


E. 


5 I E. 


4 


E. 


3 


E. 


4 


E. 


4 


SE. 


8 


SE. 7 


SE. 7 


SE. 4 


SE. 3 


S. 70 


Jan. 20 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


4 


WKW. 


3 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


5 


WKW. 


4 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 4 


SSW. 8 


SSW. 4 


SSW. 10 


7.25 


Jan. 21 


SSE. 


30 


SSE. 


36 


S. 


42 


S. 


45 


S. 


41 


S. 


37 


SSE. 


41 


SSE. 


40 


SSE. 3G 


SSE. 33 


SSE. 30 


S. 40 


2:1. 51) 


Jan. 22 


SW. 


80 


SW. 


96 


WSW. 


'88 


WSW. 


80 


w. 


7i 


W. 


04 


W. 


60 


W. 


44 


W. 40 


W. 44 


W. 40 


WSW. 30 


Ei»,U0 


Jan. 23 


w 


32 


"WSW. 


32 


WSW. 


38 WSW. 


40 


WSW. 


40 


WSW. 


38 


AVSW. 


37 


WSW. 


39 


WSW. 40 


W. 30 


W. 30 


W. 34 


32. 70 


Jan. 24 


w. 


20 


w. 


20 


w. 


16 1 W. 


15 


w. 


16 


w. 


11 


W. 


13 


w. 


12 


W. 8 


AVSW. 9 


WSTV. 6 


WSW. 5 


21. 54 


Jan. 25 


SSE. 


20 


SSE. 


18 


S. 


16 1 S. 


12 


s. 


19 


s. 


20 


SSW. 


19 


SSW. 


20 


SW. 10 


SW. 10 


SW. 12 


WSW. 14 


13.83 


Jan. 26 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


24 


w. 


'24 : W. 


'23 


w. 


23 


w. 


21 


w. 


19 


w. 


20 


W. 19 


W. 23 


W. 24 


W. 22 


21. '.'9 


Jan. 27 


w. 


16 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


15 ' WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


13 


WKW. 


10 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 8 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 10 


WNW. 9 


17.50 


Jan. 28 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


2 ! WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


7 


K. 


7 


N. 


6 


NNE. 8 


K. 7 


NNE. 8 


NNE. 9 


5.04 


Jan. 29 KNE. 


8 


KNE. 


8 


N. 


9 : N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


6 


N. 8 


N. 8 


K. 5 


N. 4 


7.91 


Jan. 30 


Calm. 




Calm. 




NE. 


3 i ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 7 


ESE. 7 i ESE. 6 


ESE. 


2. 70 


Jan. 31 


NNE. 


12 


N. 


12 


NNE. 


16 NNE. 


15 


K. 


11 


N. 


17 


N. 


10 


N. 


15 


N. 14 


N. 14 


N. 14 


N. 8 


, 12. 04 


Means . . 


17.01 


17.29 


17.17 


18.10 


17.01 


17.32 




17.83 


16.51 


15.77 


15.97 


15. CO 


15. 29 


10.59 



1 Interpolated. 



266 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August. 1883 — Continued. 



[Hei 


jht of anemometer above surface of groum 


, 21 feet. 


Washington mean time. 


Correction to re 


rluce to mean 


local time 




5 h 17™. "Velocity given in m 


les per boar.] 




e. 


1 a. m 




2 a. m 


' 


3 a. m. 4 a. m 




5 a. m 




6 a. m 




7 a. m 




8 a. m 




9 a. m 




10 a. m. 


11 a. re 


12 in. 




Dal 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction Direction 

and i and 
velocity. | velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity 


1882. 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 2 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 4 


N. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


12 
9 

14 


N. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


n 

9 

14 


N. 11 
SW. 8 
SSW. 13 
Calm. 


N. 
SW. 

ssw. 

Calm. 


9 

11 

10 


N. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


6 
9 

8 


N. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


7 

10 

9 


N. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


6 
9 

7 


N. 

SW. ' 
SSW. 
Calm. 


2 
9 
6 


Calm. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


10 

7 


Calm. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


12 



SW. 
SW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 


6 

10 
2 
2 


SW. 
SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 


5 

10 
2 


Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


5 
6 

7 
8 
9 


SW. 

w.sw. 
wsw. 

SW. 
WSW. 


8 
25 
10 

9 
18 


SW. 
WSW. 
W. 
SW. 

wsw. 


10 

24 

9 

8 

18 


SSW. 10 
WSW. 22 
WSW. 15 
SW. 9 
WSW. 16 


SSW. 

wsw. 

wsw. 

SW. 

wsw. 


14 
21 
15 
10 
13 


SSW. 
SW. 

wsw. 

SW. 

w. 


16 
22 
14 
10 
22 


SSW. 

ssw. 
wsw. 

SW. 

wsw. 


16 
24 
12 
12 
16 


SSW. 

wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 

AVSW. 


18 
22 
8 

14 
17 


SSW. 

wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 


20 

22 

9 

13 
19 


SSW. 
WSW. 

wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 


20 
20 
10 
12 
18 


SSW. 

w. 

AVSW. 
WSW. 

w. 


20 
21 
12 
12 
18 


ssw. 

w. 

wsw. 

wsw. 

w. 


■20 
24 
11 
12 
22 


S. 

SW. 
WSW. 
WSW. 

w. 


18 
24 
10 
8 
22 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


10 
11 
12 
13 
14 


Calm. 
WJS'W. 
N. VV. 

S. 
WSW. 


6 

4 

8 

14 


ssw. 

WNW. 
MW. 
S. 
WSW. 


9 
6 

4 

7 

16 


SSW. 10 
WNW. 4 
NW. 3 
S. 7 
WSW. 19 


ssw. 

WNW. 
NW. 

s. 
wsw. 


13 
4 
3 
6 

19 


ssw. 

WNW. 
NW. 

s. 
wsw. 


11 
5 
4 
8 

IS 


ssw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

s. 

wsw. 


7 
6 
4 
7 
18 


ssw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

s. 

wsw. 


8 
7 
2 
8 
IS 


ssw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

s. 

wsw. 


8 
5 
4 
8 
18 


ssw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

s. 

wsw. 


6 
6 
3 
7 
13 


wsw. 

WNW. 
WSW. 

s. 
wsw. 


8 
5 
5 
7 
16 


wsw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

s. 

wsw. 


10 
4 
7 
6 

16 


wsw. 

WNW. 
SSE. 
S. 
WSW. 


10 
5 
4 
8 

10 


Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


15 
16 
17 

18 
19 


WSW. 
SW. 

NE. 
NE. 
SNE. 


15 
13 
23 
9 
23 


wsw. 

SW. 
NE. 
NE. 

N. 


13 
9 

24 
10 

20 


WSW. 13 
SSW. 6 
NE. 24 
Calm. 
N. 22 


wsw. 
ssw. 

NE. 
NE. 

N. 


13 

7 
25 
10 
20 


wsw. 
ssw. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 


14 
11 
24 
14 
22 


wsw. 

ssw. 

NNE. 
NE. 

NNE. 


10 
4 
25 
15 
22 


ssw. 
ssw. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 


20 
3 
22 
18 
23 


ssw. 
ssw. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 


18 
4 
18 
20 
24 


ssw. 

ssw. 

NNE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


20 
5 
16 
22 
26 


ssw. 

SSE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 


18 
6 

16 
20 
25 


sw. 

SSE. 
N. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


26 

8 
14 
22 
28 


SW. 

SSE. 
N. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


18 
8 
10 

22 
22 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


20 
21 
22 
23 

24 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 

nn\t. 
wsw. 


26 

6 
o 

2 

10 


MSE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
Calm. 
WN W. 


24 
5 
5 

9 


NNE. 26 
NNE. 6 
NNE. 5 
NNW. 4 
WHW. 8 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNW. 

WNW. 


25 
6 

7 
3 
5 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
Calm. 
WNW. 


26 

4 
5 

5 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


25 
3 

4 
5 
8 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


22 
6 
5 
5 
6 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


24 
5 
3 
6 
7 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


24 

4 
4 
8 
8 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


24 
6 

.4 
8 

7 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


22 
6 
4 
6 
5 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

WNW. 


22 
3 
5 
6 
5 


Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


25 
26 

27 
28 

is .. 


SW. 

s. 
s. 

SW. 


9 
13 

8 
11 


SW. 

s. 

s. 

SW. 


8 
12 

8 
16 


SW. 8 i SSW. 
S. 10 i S. 

S. 8 ; ssw. 

SSW. 17 SSW. 


11 
4 
9 

24 


SSW. 

S. 

SSW. 

ssw. 


10 

12 

8 

24 


SSW. 
S. 

SW. 
SSW. 


8 

6 

10 

25 


SSW. 

s. 

SW. 

ssw. 


6 

9 

11 

26 


SSW. 

s. 

WNW. 
SSW. 


5 

6 

16 

27 


SSW. 

s. 

NW. 

SSW. 


9 

8 
18 
28 


SSW. 

s. 

NW. 
SSW. 


8 

7 

19 

32 


SSW. 

s. 

NW. 
SSW. 


6 

8 

24 

32 


SSW. 

s. 

NW. 

SSW. 


8 

6 
24 
30 


Meai 


10.96 




11.00 




10.85 11.32 


11.85 




11.35 




11.64 




11.64 


11.85 




12.21 




13.00 


11.82 





1 p. m. 



Date. 



Direction 
and 
j velocity. 



2 p. in. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



1882. 

Feb. 1 SW. 8 

Feb. 2 SW. 12 

Feb. 3 SSW. 2 

Feb. 4 SSW. 2 



Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



S. 22 

WSW. 24 

WSW. 10 

8 i WSW. 12 

9 W. 22 



Feb. 10 

Feb. 11 

Feb. 12 

Feb. 13 

Feb. 14 

Feb. 15 

Feb. 16 

Feb. 17 

Feb. 18 

Feb. 19 

Feb. 20 

Feb. 21 

Feb. 22 

Feb. 23 

Feb. 24 

Feb. 25 

Feb. 20 

Feb. 27 

Feb. 23 

Means . . 



W. 10 

WNW. 5 
SSE. 4 

S. 10 

WSW. 16 



SW. 

ENE. 

N. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE 

SW. 

Calm. 

SSW. 
S. 

NW. 
SSW. 



12. 39 



SW. 
SW. 
Calm. 
SSW. 

S. 

W. 

SW. 

wsw. 
w. 



22 



W. 9 

NW. 6 

SSE. 4 

SSW. 9 

WSW. 16 



SW. 
ENE. 

NE. 
N. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

N. 

SW. 

Calm. 

SSW. 
SSE. 
NW. 
SW. 



15 



11.75 



3 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



12 



SW. 
SW. 
Calm. 
WSW. 

SSW. 

W. 

SW. 

wsw. 
w. 



WNW. 10 
NW. *4 
S. 4 

SSW. 12 
WSW. 14 



SW. 
ENE. 

NE. 

N. 

N. 



NNE. 20 

NNE. 3 

N. 4 

WSW. 5 

WNW. 3 

SSW. 12 

SSE. 6 

NW. 16 

SW. 24 

11.64 



4 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



5 p. m. 



G p. m. 



7 p. m. 



Direction i Ditection Direction 

and and and 

velocity, j velocity. ! velocity. 



SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 
Calm. 

SSW. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 



12 



WNW. 10 
NW. 4 
S. 6 

SSW. 12 
WSW. 16 



SW. 
ENE. 

NE. 

N. 

N\ 

NNE. 

NNE. 

N. 

WSW. 

WNW. 

SSW. 
SSK. 
NW. 
SW. 



SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 
Calm. 

SW. 

w. 

wsw. 
w. 
w. 



WNW. 10 
Calm. 



SW. 11 
WSW. 14 



SW. 


8 


SW. 


9 


ssw. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 




WSW. 


4 



SW. 

w. 

wsw. 
wsw. 
w. 



SW. 

w. 



WSW. 12 



WNW. 11 

NW. 5 

S. 5 

SW. 10 

WSW. 14 



SW. 20 

NE. 18 

NE. 7 

N. 28 

N. 24 



12.39 



NNE. 
NNE. 
N. 
WSW. 

wsw. 
ssw. 

SSE. 
NW. 
SW. 



12.17 



SW. 

NE. 
NE. 
N. 
N. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
N. 
WSW. 

wsw. 
ssw. 

SSE. 
NW. 
SW. 

11.3! 



WSW. 

w. 



WNW. 12 

NW. 5 

S. 4 

SW. 11 

WSW. 15 

SW. 18 

NE. 18 

NE. 5 

N. 22 

N. 26 



NNE. 

NNE. 

N. 

WSW. 

WSW. 

ssw. 

SSE. 
NW. 
SW. 



12.14 



8 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 
SSW. 
Calm. 
WSW. 4 



12 



SW. 23 

W. 16 

WSW. 11 

WSW. 20 

W. 12 

WNW. 10 

NW. 5 

S. 6 

SW. 12 

WSW. 16 

SW. 16 

NE. 20 

NE. 4 

N. 24 

N. 26 

NNE. 18 

NNE. 5 

N. 4 

WSW. 4 

WSW. 3 

S. 12 

SSE. 31 

NW. 14 

SW. 25 

- 12. 17 



9 p.m. | 10 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 8 
SSW. 12 
Calm. 
WSW. 7 

SW. 20 
WSW. 22 
WSW. 12 
WSW. 22 
W. 12 

WNW. 10 
NW. 5 
S. 6 

SW. 14 
WSW. 14 



SW. 
NE. 

NE. 
N. 

N. 



NNE. 14 
NNE. 4 
N. 4 

WSW. 2 
WSW. 4 



S. 1 

SSE. 1 

NW. 1 

SW. 5 

12.07 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



SW. 10 
SSW. 16 
Calm. 
WSW. 6 

WSW. 24 
WSW. 24 
WSW. 12 
WSW. 20 
W. 6 

WNW. 10 
NW. 4 
S. 5 

SW. 16 
WSW. 13 



11 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 

NE. 
NE. 

N. 
N. 



SW. 10 

ssw. io 

Calm. 
WSW. 2 

WSW. 21 
WSW. 17 
WSW. 10 
SW. 19 
Calm. 

WNW. 8 
NW. 4 
S. 7 

SW. 13 
WSW. 14 



SW. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

N. 



NNE. 16 

NNE. 4 

N. 4 

W. 7 

SW. 9 



S. 
S. 

NW. 
SW. 



12.85 



NNE. 16 
NNE. 5 
NNW. 3 
W. 6 

SW. 8 



S. 

s. 
w. 

SW. 



24 



11.75 



12 p. m. 



Direction • 

and 
velocity, i 



Daily 

mean ve 

locity. 



SW. 10 

SSW. 20 
Calm. 

SW. 6 

WSW. 18 
WSW. 12 
WSW. 8 
SW. 20 
Calm. 

WNW. 8 
NW. 5 
S. 10 

SW. 12 
WSW. 14 

SW. 14 

NE. 24 

NE. 9 

NNE. 20 

NNE. 26 

NNE. 7 
NNE. 4 
Calm. 
WNW. 6 
SW. 7 



S. 
S. 

SW. 
SW. 



12 



11.21 



7.41 

11.58 

4.16 

1.54 

18.95 
21.83 
10.58 
32.16 
16.28 

9.08 
4.79 
4.70 
9.54 
15.70 

17.00 
12.12 
13.91 
19.00 
23.54 

21.18 
4.37 
4.08 
4.41 
5.41 

10.33 

8.75 

13.79 

24.58 

11.81 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BA1IECW, ALASKA. 



267 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

{Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"'. Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. in. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. n 


. 


(5 a. m. 


7 a. m 




8 a. in 




a. si) 




10 a. m. 


f 1 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


• 
Direction 






and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocit 


v. 


Velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 




1882 
Mar. 1 


sw. 


24 


SW. 


17 


SW. 


20 


WSW. 


20 


SW. 


10 


WSW. 14 


W. 


23 


W. 


18 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


20 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


17 


Mar. 2 


wsw. 


28 


WSW. 


20 


WSW. 


20 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


20 


W. 22 


W. 


22 


W. 


22 


W. 


16 


WSW. 


14 


WSW. 


12 


SW. 


12 


Mar. 3 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


16 


SE. 16 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


12 


SE. 





SE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


4 


Mar. 4 


SSW. 


4 


HE. 


6 


KE. 


18 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


15 


NE. 10 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


21 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


20 


Mar. 5 


EKE. 


2S 


E. 


20 


E. 


26 


ENE. 


28 


E. 


20 


ENE. 25 


E. 


27 


E. 


28 


E. 


32 


ESE. 


32 


E. 


32 


ESE. 


?4 


Mar. C 


SSE. 


14 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 12 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


10 


Mar. 7 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 18 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


18 


Mar. 8 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


19 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 


19 


ESE. 


20 


E<.E. 


19 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


SE. 


16 


Mar. 9 


S. 


11 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 


14 


S. 


18 


S. 10 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


17- 


SSE. 


10 


SSE. 


19 


SSE. 


15 


SSE. 


16 


Mar. 10 


s. 


12 


S. 


11 


SSW. 


12 


SW 


4 


SSW. 





S. 


S. 


4 


S. 


8 


S. 


8 


SSW. 


S 


SSW. 


(i 


SSW. 


3 


Mar. 11 


WW. 


16 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 


22 


w. 


24 


W. 23 


W. 


24 


w. 


20 


w. 


24 


W. 


20 


W. 


26 


w. 


26 


Mar. 12 


wsw. 


9 


WSW. 


7 


SW. 


9 


ssw. 


10 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 12 


S 


14 


s. 


18 


SSE. 


20 


SSI*:. 


22 


SSE. 


20 


s. 


Ifi 


Mar. 13 


w. 


26 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


27 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


20 


W. 24 


w. 


20 


w. 


17 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 


13 


SW. 


10 


SSW. 


12 


Mar. 14 


sw. 


14 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


18 


WSW. 


12 


>iW. 12 


SW. 


8 


SW. 


10 


SW. 


8 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


6 


SSW. 


6 


Mar. 15 


N. 


11 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


8' 


N. 


« 


N. 6 


N. 





N. 


6 


N. 


a 


N. 


4 


N. 





N. 


6 


Mar. 10 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 16 


ENE. 


10 


E. 


18 


E. 


18 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


18 


Mar. 17 


E. 


30 


E. 


30 


E. 


29 


E. 


33 


ESE. 


30 


ESE. 26 


ESE. 


34 


ESE. 


34 


ESE. 


30 


ESE. 


36 


ESE. 


36 


ESE. 


33 


Mar. 18 


ESE. 


31 


ESE. 


32 


ESE. 


33 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 27 


ESE. 


26 


ESE. 


28 


ESE 


24 


ESE. 


25 


ESE. 


?,>, 


ESE. 


??, 


Mar. 19 


ESE. 


r, 


ESE. 


(! 


sn;. 


6 


SE. 


4 


Calm. 




SW. 3 


SW. 


4 


W. 


6 


W. 


6 


W. 


6 


W. 


4 


W. 


3 


Mar. 20 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


19 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


19 


NW. 16 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


11 


NW. 


7 


NW. 


7 


WNW. 


7 


Mar. 21 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


4 


Calm. 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


2 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


3 


Mar. 22 


SSE. 


7 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


15 


SSE. 


24 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 12 


s. 


18 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


s. 


9 


S. 


14 


Mar. 23 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 


15 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 12 


SW. 


10 


WSW. 


21 


W. 


18 


w. 


22 


w. 


22 


W. 


?,■> 


Mar. 24 


w. 


21 


W. 


24 


w. 


21 


w. 


24 


w. 


23 


W. 22 


w. 


24 


w. 


20 


W. 


18 


w. 


20 


w. 


22 


w. 


25 


Mar. 23 


w. 


24 


W. 


24 


w, 


23 


w. 


19 


w. 


18 


W. 16 


w. 


20 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


Mar. 26 


w. 


13 


w. 


21 


w. 


18 


w. 


20 


w. 


10 


W. 16 


w. 


14 


w. 


14 


W. 


12 


W. 


12 


w. 


18 


W. 


14 


Mar. 27 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


5 


SSE. 


4 


SSE. 


3 


SSE. 


4 


SSE. 3 


SSE. 


4 


w. 


4 


w. 


5 


w. 


6 


w. 


5 


NW. 


6 


Mar. 28 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


11 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


8 


N W. 10 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


16 


NW. 


16 


Mar. 29 


W. 


32 


w. 


32 


W. 


30 


WSW. 


28 


W. 


32 


WSff. 32 


W. 


30 


W. 


32 


w. ■ 


30 


w. 


30 


WSW. 


28 


WSW. 


32 


Mar. 30 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


23 


WNW. 


23 


WNW. 


23 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 14 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


12 


Mar. 31 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 8 


WNW. 


8 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


12 


WSW. 


12 


WSW. 


12 


Means -- 


16.29 


16.22 


16.85 


16.83 




15.70 




15.19 


15.90 




16.12 




15.48 




15.90 


15.09 




14.90 







1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3p. IT 


. 


i p. IB 


. 


5 p. n 


. ■ 


() p. B3 


. 


7 p. ir 


. 


8 p. n. 


. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. in. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 














































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Directi 


on 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocit 


y. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
Mar. 1 


WSW. 


16 


SW. 


12 


SW. 


14 


SW. 


13 


SW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


20 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


24 


SW. 26 


SW. 28 


SW. 32 


18. 95 


Mar. 2 


WSW. 


14 


WSW. 


10 


SW. 


12 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


5 


S. 9 


S. 5 


SSE. 10 


14. 70 


Mar. 3 


SE. 


D 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


S 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


.i 


S. 





SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 3 


Calm. 


SSW. 2 


8.75 


Mar. 4 


NE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


NE. 


22 


NE. 


t.\ 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 25 


ENE. 28 


ENE. 30 


19.91 


Mar. 5 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


27 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


32 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 20 


ESE. 20 


ESE. 23 


26.15 


Mar. 6 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


18 


E. 


19 


E. 


19 


E. 


22 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 18 


ESE. 19 


ESE. 14 


14.54 


Mar. 7 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


12 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


10 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 9 


ESE. 11 


13 87 


Mar. 8 


SSE. 


19 


SSE. 


20 


S. 


19 


S. 


10 


S. 


10 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 22 


SSW. 19 


SSW. 10 


16.79 


Mar. 9 


S. 


15 


SSW. 


10 


SW. 


28 


WSW. 


27 


WSW. 


24 


SW. 


18 


SW. 


12 


SW. 


16 


WSW. 


19 


SSW. 16 


SSW. 12 


SSW. 1 1 


16.45 


Mar. 10 


SSW. 


3 


SW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


2 


W. 


4 


WNW. 


6 


WNW 


7 


WNW. 4 


WNW. 10 


WNW. 10 


8. 25 


Mar. 11 


W. 


20 


W. 


22 


w. 


24 


w. 


22 


WSW. 


22 


W. 


18 


W. 


23 


W. 


18 


W. 


16 


WSW. 13 


WSW. 11 


WSW. 9 


20. 45 


Mar. 12 


s. 


18 


S. 


17 


SSW. 


18 


SSW. 


14 


S. 


12 


S. 


16 




10 


S 


12 


W. 


6 


WNW. 22 


W. 22 


W. 28 


15.33 


Mar. 13 


SW. 


16 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


20 


s. 


16 


s. 


19 


S. 


22 


s. 


24 


s. 


24 


SW. 


24 


SW. 24 


SW. 19 


SW. 18 


19.41 


Mar. 14 


SSW. 





SSE. 


2 


Calm. 




NNW. 


3 


N. 


4 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


15 


N. 


16 


N 


21 


N. 16 


N 14 


N. 14 


10.00 


Mar. 15 


N. 


8 


•N. 


8 


N. 





N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


8 


NE. 


12 


ENE. 12 


ENE. 13 


ENE. 12 


7 05 


Mar. 16 


E. 


24 


E. 


25 


E. 


26 


E. 


25 


E. 


28 


E. 


28 


E. 


32 


E. 


30 


E. 


28 


E. 28 


E. 28 


E. 31 


22.29 


Mar. 17 


ESE. 


32 


ESE. 


36 


ESE. 


30 


SE. 


38 


ESE. 


30 


ESE. 


34 


ESE. 


32 


ESE. 


:;o 


ESE. 


30 


ESE. 28 


ESE. 29 


ESE. 23 


32 01 


Mar. 18 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 9 


ESE. 9 


ESE. 8 


20. 62 


Mar. 19 


W. 





s 


3 


S. 





SW. 


7 


SW. 


6 


SW. 


7 


SW. 


9 


SW. 


12 


SW. 


11 


SW. 11 


SW. 10 


W. 15 


6. 54 


Mar. 20 


NW. 


9 


NW. 


9 


NW. 


7 


NW. 





NW. 


10 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


4 


SSW. 8 


SSW. 7 


SSW. 8 


10. 04 


Mar. 21 


SSE. 


3 


SE. 


3 


SSE. 


3 


SSE. 


3 


SSE. 


4 


SSE. 


12 


SW. 


4 


S. 


6 


S. 


14 


SSE. 7 


SSE. 23 


SSE. 10 


5. 66 


Mar. 22 


SSW. 


10 


S. 


16 


S. 


16 


S. 


15 


S. 


14 


S. 


14 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


9 


SSW. 


8 


WSW. 16 


WSW. 16 


SW. 12 


14.04 


Mar. 25 


W. 


22 


W. 


22 


W. 


16 


W. 


20 


W. 


17 


W. 


19 


W. 


23 


W. 


23 


W. 


24 


W. 24 


W. 20 


W. 23 


19.04 


Mar. 24 


w. 


22 


W. 


22 


w. 


24 


W. 


24 


W. 


24 


W. 


24 


w. 


24 


W. 


28 


WNW 


24 


WNW. 28 


WNW. 20 


WNW. 24 


23. 58 


Mar. 25 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


W. 


20 


w. 


17 


w. 


16 


W. 


18 


W. 


14 


W. 16 


W. 10 


W. 13 


18.06 


Mar. 20 


w. 


9 


W. 


7 


w. 


10 


w. 


12 


w. 


15 


w. 


11 


w. 


7 


w. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 


SSE. 7 


SSE. 5 


11.41 


Mar. 27 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


9 


NW. 


14 


NW. 


10 


NW. 


11 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


14 


NW. 13 


NW. 11 


NW. 13 


8.04 


Mar. 28 


W. 


18 


W. 


18 


W. 


20 


WSW. 


22 


W. 


24 


w. 


31 


W. 


28 


WSW. 


28 


WSW. 


27 


W. 32 


W. 32 


WSW. 31 


18.79 


Mar. 29 


AVSW. 


32 


WSW. 


28 


W. 


28 


w. 


32 


W. 


32 


w. 


32 


w. 


32 


w. 


26 


W. 


30 


W. 30 


W. 25 


WNW. 25 


30. 00 


Mar. 30 


WNW. 


8 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


10 


WNW 


10 


WNW. 11 


WNW. 7 


WNW. 8 


13.54 


Mar. 31 


WSW. 


1G 


W. 


15 


W. 


14 


W. 


15 


W. 


15 


W. 


13 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 20 


WNW. 19 


WNW. 16 


WltW. 18 


12.79 


Means .. 


15.61 


15.63 


15.96 


10.19 


10.10 


17 .OK 


16 58 




16.00 




15. 48 


16.84 


16.48 


10.70 


16.08 



268 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction, and velocity of the wind at JJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a. m 


. 


. 2 a. m 




3 a. m 


4 a. m 




5 a. m 




6 a. m 




7 a. m 




8 a.m. 


9a.m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


j 
Direction | Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Directi 


■n 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




ana 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity, j velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 




1882. 
Apr. 1 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


20 I WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


18 


WNTW. 


20 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


IS 


Apr. ■ 2 


W. 


8 


W. 


7 


WSW. 


9 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


8 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


Apr. 3 


ssw. 


6 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


2 


ssw. 


2 


SSW. 


2 


SSW. 


2 


Calm. 




Calm. 




S. 


2 


Apr. 4 


s. 


4 


S. 


2 


S. 


5 


S. 


3 


S. 


4 


S. 


3 


s. 


2 


Calm. 




Calm. 




S. 


3 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


2 


Apr. 5 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 





ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


7 


Apr. 6 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


Apr. 7 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


20 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


22 


SE. 


21 


SE. 


23 


SE 


24 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


24 


Apr. 8 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 


17 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


13 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


7 


E. 


4 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


Apr. 9 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


5 


Apr. 10 


wsw. 


3 


WSW 


3 


WSW. 


5 WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


2 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


3 


Calm. 




SE. 


3 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


4 


Apr. 11 


s. 


3 


S. 


5 


s. 


4 


S. 


1 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


5 


Apr. 12 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


1:2 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


22 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


14 


Apr. 13 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


8 


SE. 





SE. 


7 


Calm. 




SE. 


4 


Calm. 




SE. 


3 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


4 


E. 


4 


WNW. 


12 


Apr. 14 


WNW. 


19 


WNW. 


19 


WNW. 


19 


WNW. 


Id 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. - 


10 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


Apr. 1 5 


SSE. 


12 


SSE. 


7 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


8 


Apr. 16 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


11 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


10 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


2 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


6 


Apr. 17 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


7 


WNW". 


7 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


15 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


14 


Apr. 18 


WNW. 


15 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


11 ' WNW. 


8 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


9 


Apr. 19 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 





WSW. 


5 : w. 


5 


W. 


6 


W. 


4 


W. 


4 


W. 


5 


w. 


6 


W. 


8 


W. 


8 


AV. 


7 


Apr. 20 


NNE. 


6 


NNE. 





NNE. 


5 | NNE. 


5 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


2 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


5 


NNE. 


4 


Apr. 21 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


N. ' 


6 1 N. 


2 


N. 


3 


N. 


2 


N. 


1 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Apr. 22 


W. 


10 


W. 


8 


W. 


11 1 W. 


11 


W. 


10 


W. 


10 


W. 


12 


W. 


10 


W. 


12 


W. 


15 


W. 


16 


W. 


16 


Apr. 23 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


10 1 WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


9 


WNW. 


7 


SW. 


6 


SW. 


7 


Apr. 24 


ESE. 


18 


S. 


23 


S. 


23 S. 


22 


s. 


20 


SSW. 


20 


SSW. 


21 


SSW. 


28 


SSW. 


28 


SSW. 


28 


SSW. 


30 


SSW. 


28 


Apr. 25 


SW. 


15 


SW. 


9 


SW. 


7 < SW. 


7 


SW. 


6 


Calm. 




SSE. 





SSE. 


5 


SSE. 


7 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


12 


Apr. 26 


E. 


28 


ESE. 


29 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


24 


ESE'. 


26 


ESE. 


27 


ESE. 


26 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


12 


Apr. 27 


S. 


9 


S. 


10 


S. 


13 


SSW. 


Q 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


12 


S. 


9 


S. 


12 


S. 


14 


S. 


12 


S. 


12 


S. 


16 


Apr. 28 


SSW. 


15 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 


16 


■SW. 


17 


SW. 


16 


SW. 


14 


SW. 


14 


SW. 


18 


SW. 


15 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


12 


SSW. 


9 


Apr. 29 


S. 


15 


s. 


7 


s. 


15 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


15 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


Apr. 30 


W. 


19 


WNW. 


29 


WNW. 


29 


WNW. 


38 


WNW. 


34 


WNW. 


34 


WNW. 


26 


WNW. 


26 


WNW. 


28 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


Means. 


11.76 


11.40 


11.83 


11.63 




10.80 




10.03 


9.93 


10.23 


10.23 


10.2C 




9.63 




9.90 





1 p. m 




2 p. m 




3p.m 




4p.m 


. 


5 p. m 


. 


6 p.m. 


7 p. li 


. 


8p.ii 


. 


5) p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 










































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Directi 


on 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
Apr. 1 


WNW. 


14 


WNW 


13 


W. 


12 


W. 


14 


W. 


12 


W. 11 


W. 


12 


W. 


10 


W. 12 


W. 7 


W. 5 


W. 8 


13.67 


Apr. 2 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


6 


SW. 


4 


SW. 4 


SW. 


7 


SW. 


5 


SW. 6 


SW. 4 


SSW. 7 


SSW. 5 


5.92 


Apr. 3 


s. 


2 


Calm. 




S. 


2 


Calm. 




Calm. 




S. 3 


s. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 


S. 4 


S. 3 


S. 4 


2.20 


Apr. 4 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


1 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


2 


ESE. 6 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 8 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 5 


3.66 


Apr. 5 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 12 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 12 


8.16 


Apr. 6 


ESE, 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 14 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 12 


ESE. 13 


ESE. 13 


ESE. 12 


11.12 


Apr. 7 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


22 


SSE. 22 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 16 


SSE. 16 


SSE. 20 


SSE. 16 


19.92 


Apr. 8 


ESE. 


4 


Calm. 




ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


2 


E. 6 


E. 


7 


Calm. 




WNW. 4 


WNW. 2 


WNW. 3 


WNW. 3 


7.58 


Apr. 9 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 3 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


3 


Calm. 


SSW. 2 


SSW. 2 


SW. 3 


3.42 


Apr. 10 


ENE. 


4 


E. 


4 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 7 


WSW. 5 


S. 6 


4.42 


Apr. 11 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


13 


SE. 11 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


16 


SE. 18 


SE. 16 


SE. 19 


SE. 21 


9.04 


Apr. 12 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


11 


SE. 12 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


8 


SE. 6 


SE. 10 


SE. 10 


SE. 10 


14.42 


Apr. 13 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 


22 


WNW. 20 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 


23 


WNW. 22 


WNW. 20 


WNW. 18 


WNW. 18 


12.67 


Apr. 14 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


5 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


5 


SW. 


7 


SW. 5 


SW. 


8 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 8 


S. 10 


SSE. 12 


SSE. 12 


10.12 


Apr. 15 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 14 


ESE. 14 


ESE. 15 


ESE. 12 


10.79 


Apr. 16 ' SE. 


5 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


7 


SE. 5 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


4 


SE. 5 


SE. 2 


SE. 3 


AVNW. 3 


6.21 


Apr. 17 i WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 14 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 15 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 15 


13.08 


Apr. 18 ! SW. 


8 


SW. 


9 


SW. 


9 


SW. 


10 


SW. 


8 


SW. 8 


SW. 


8 


SW. 


8 


SW. 8 


SW. 8 


WSW. 8 


WSW. 6 


9.00 


Apr. 19 | W. 


6 


w. 


8 


W. 


f> 


w. 


5 


w. 


1 


W. 2 


W. 


3 


w. 


3 


W. 2 


W. 4 


W. 4 


W. 4 


4.83 


Apr. 20 ! NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


7 


NNE. 7 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


6 


NNE. 8 


NNE. 7 


N. 4 


N. 4 


5.54 


Apr. 21 Calm. 




SW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


W. 


8 


W. 8 


W. 


9 


W. 


8 


W. 9 


W. 11 


W. 12 


W. 10 


4.91 


Apr. 22 W. 


16 


w. 


22 


W. 


24 


W. 


24 


w. 


24 


WNW. 28 


WNW. 


24 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 22 


WNW. 24 


WNW. 19 


WNW. 20 


17.04 


Apr. 23 SW. 


8 


SW. 


10 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


ssw. 


9 


SSE. 14 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 18 


SSE. 21 


SSE. 23 


SSE. 20 


13.21 


Apr. 24 SS W. 


32 


SSW. 


30 


SSW. 


32 


SSW. 


26 


SSW. 


24 


SSW. 2S 


SSW. 


24 


SSW. 


20 


SSW. 20 


SSW. 20 


SSW. 20 


SW. 15 


21.17 


Apr. 25 E. 


12 


E. 


16 


E. 


12 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 19 


E. 


20 


ESE. 


21 


ESE. 20 


E. 14 


E. 19 


E. 21 


12.62 


Apr. 26 ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 6 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 7 


SSE. 8 


SSE. 12 


SSE. 12 


15.41 


Apr. 27 S. 


16 


S. 


18 


S. 


18 


SSE. 


19 


s. 


14 


S. 18 


S. 


17 


S. 


17 


S. 16 


S. IS 


S. 17 


SSW. 14 


14. 07 


Apr. 28 SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


ssw. 


12 


SSW. 6 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 10 


SSW. S 


SSW. 11 


SSW. 7 


12.29 


Apr. 29 1 SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SW. 14 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


16 


SW. 18 


SW. 17 


WSW. 19 


WSW. 20 


13.96 


Apr. 30 WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


W N W. 


18 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 14 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


12 


W. 14 


W. 12 


W. 12 


AT. 10 


20 79 


Means ' 10.-66 


10.60 




10.83 




11.16 


10.60 


11. 03 


11.70 


9.96 




11.13 


10.90 


11.43 


11 37 


10.81 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



209 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the ivind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17'". Velocity given in miles per hour. 



Date. 



1882. 
May 1.. 
May 2.. 
May 3.. 
May 4.. 
May 5-. 

May 6. 

May 7.. 
May 8- 
May 9.. 
May 10.. 

May 11.. 
May 12.. 
May 13.. 
May 14.. 
May 15.. 

May 10.. 
May 17.. 
May 18.. 
May 19.. 

May 20. 

May 21. 
May 22.. 
May 23.. 
May 24.. 

May 25.. 

May 28 . . 
May 27. 
May 28. 
May 29.. 
May 30.. 



1 a. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



SSW. 

NNW. 

N. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NE. 

NNE. 

SE. 
8. 

sw. 
av. 

ESE. 

SW. 

WSAV. 

SSE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

SW. 

W. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

EXE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



2 a. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 
NN W. 
N. 
NE. 
ENE. 



3 a. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 
NNW. 
N. 
NE. 



4 a. m. 



Direction i Direction 
and and 

velocity. velocity. 



(1 a. m. 



SW. 
NNW. 
NNE. 
NE. 



| 
17 | NE. 
23 NE. 
20 I NE. 
11 ! NE. 
1 I SW. 



15 i ENE. 13 ENE. 



18. 
11 

7 
7 
5 

8 
15 

5 
21 
10 

19 

22 
21 
2i 



SE. 

S. 

SW 

w. 

SSE. 
SSW. 

wsw. 

SSE. 
ESE. 
SE. 

S v. 

W. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



17 I NE. 
22 | NE. 

19 | NE. 
9 | NE. 
2 I SW. 

17 : SE. 
10 S. 
8 I SW. 

s w. 

4 SSE. 

8 . SSW. 
14 I WSW. 
4 SSE. 

20 ESE. 
12 I SE. 



20 | NE. 
23 NE. 
2.) NE. 
7 NE. 
2 I SW. 

I 
13 i SE. 
S. 
SW. 

w. 

SS1C. 



io ! sw. 

7 W. 

?2 ENE. 

20 j ENE. 

24 ENE. 



20 
19 
10 

17 



ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
E. 



May 31.. I E. 
Means. 



10 i E. 



10 ; E. 

13 ; e. 



13.77 



13.81 



13.71 



SW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

SE. 

S. 

SW. 

w. 

SSE. 



SSW. 
WSW. 

SSE. 
ESE. 
SE. 

SW. 

w. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

NE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



8 I SSW. 

11 j w. 

C I SSE. 

24 j ESE. 

3 I SE. 



WSW. 14 

W. 7 

ENE. 21 

ENE. 15 

ENE. 19 



ENE. 

ENE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 12 

NNW. 14 

NE. 18 

NE. 8 

ENE. 14 



NE. 

NE. 

NE 

NNE. 

SW. 

SE. 

S. 

WSW. 

w. 

SE. 
SSW. 

w. 

SSE. 
ESE. 
Calm. 



WSW. 10 

WNW. 7 

ENE. 22 

ENE. 10 

ENE. 20 



ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



1 a. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 8 

NNW. 16 

NE. 18 

NE. 8 

ENE. 18 



NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SW. 

SE. 

s. 

WSW. 

w. 

SSE. 



SE. 4 

W. 10 

SSE. 4 

ESE. 22 

SE. 4 



WSW. 
WNW. 

ENE. 
ENE. 



19 ENE. 



ENE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 



12. 16 13. 06 

I 



8 a. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



SW. 

NNW. 
NE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
SSW. 

SE. 

s. 

w. 

w. 

SSE. 
SE. 

w. 

SSE. 
ESE. 
SE. 

WSW. 

WNW. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
E. 



1) a. in. 



10 a. m. 



11 a. in. 



Direction j Direction Direction 

and and and 

velocity, i velocity. velocity. 



SW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
SSW. 

SSE. 
SSE. 

w. 
w. 

s. 



10 SW. 

20 NNW. 

11 I NE. 
11 ; NE. 
18 ENE. 



NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
SSW. 



13 I S. 



3 , SE. 
8 ; W. 



4 
24 
6 



E. 

ESE. 

SE. 



12 ! WSW. 

6 NNW. 

17 ! ENE. 

23 I ENE. 

22 I ENE. 

20 ', ENE. 
12 ] ENE.. 



NE. 

ENE. 

E. 



E. 11 i E. 

12. 90 : 13. 45 



SE. 
W 
W. 

s. 

SE. 

w. 

E. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 

NNW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 



SW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
S. 

S. 

SE. 

W. 

w. 

SSW. 



20 



3 SE. 
9 W. 

15 : e. 

24 ' ESE. 
12 i SSE. 



12 , WSW. 
6 ■ NNE. 

21 ENE. 

22 ENE. 
22 ENE. 



12 in. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SW. 

NNW. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
S. 

SSE. 

SE. 

W. 

W. 

SSW. 



2 [ SE. 

6 i W. 
18 I E. 

26 ! ESE. 
10 i SSE. 

12 j WSW. 

7 NNE. 
18 ! ENE. 
22 ! EN"E. 
21 i ENE. 



ENE. 
ENE. 



16 E NE. 



22 | NE. 

12 | ENE. 

16 ! ENE. 



7 
16 
14 
10 
10 

16 
18 
20 
14 

10 

12 

8 

4 

12 



4 

6 

16 

24 

14 

11 
4 
16 
21 
22 

22 
12 
16 



EN 
E. 


rE. is 

14 


ENE. 14 
E. 14 


ENE. 
E. 


16 
16 


E. 


11 


E. 10 


ESE. 


10 




13. 74 


13.06 


13.55 





Date. 



1882. 
May 1.. 
May 2.. 
May 3.. 
May 4.. 
May 5.. 

May 6.. 

May 7.. 
May 8.. 
May 9.. 
May 10.. 

May 11.. 
May 12.. 
May 13.. 
May 14.. 
May 15.. 

May 16.. 
May 17.. 
May 18.. 
May 19.. 
May 20.. 

May 21.. 
May 22.. 
May 23.. 
May 24.. 
May 25.. 

Ma\ 26.. 
May 27.. 
May 28.. 
May 29.. 
May 30.. 

May 31.. 

Means 



1 n m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



SSW. 
NNW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SSE. 



2 p. m. 



3 p. m. 



Direction Direction 
and and 



W. 10 W. 8 

NNW. 12 NNW. 11 

NNE. 12 i NNE. 12 

S. 3 | S. 3 

ENE. 16 | NE. 22 



4 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



NE. . 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SE. 



22 I NE. 
20 i NE. 
16 I NE. 
10 , NNE. 
14 I SSE. 



SSE. 8 

SE. 8 

W. 4 

WNW. 11 
SSW. 9 



10 



SSE. 

SE. 8 

W. 4 

WNW. 8 

SW. 10 



SSE. 

SE. 

W. 

AVNW. 

SW. 



SSW. 

w. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
SSW. 



SW. 

w. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
S. 



10 WSW. 12 



WSW. 10 

NNE. 8 

ENE. 20 

ENE. 22 

ENE. 26 



NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 



ESE. 15 
13.87 



WSW. 10 

NNE. 9 

ENE. 22 

ENE. 22 

ENE. 26 



NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 



13. CO 



W. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
S. 

WSW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 



E. 



WNW. 13 

NNW. 12 

NNE. 12 
Calm. 

NE. 22 



5 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



WNW. 14 

NNW. 15 
N. 



NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SSE. 



SSE 12 

SSE. 9 

W. 4 

WNW. 7 

SW. 14 

WSW. 12 

W. 4 

ESE. 22 

ESE. 24 

S. 16 



14.77 



WSW. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



E. 



14.97 



SSE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SE. 



SSE. 12 

SE. 8 

W. * 2 

WNW. 8 

SW. 14 

AVSW. 14 

W. 4 

ESE. 24 

ESE. 24 

SW. 9 



WSW. 

NE. 

ENE. 

E 

ENE 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
E. 



p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



NW. 18 

NNW. 12 

N. 13 

E. 10 

NE. 20 



NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
N. 
SE. 

SSE. 

SE. 

W. 

WNW. 

SW. 



1 p. m. 



8 p. m. 9 p. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



NNW. 20 

NNW. 14 

NNE. 12 

ENE. 13 

NE. 24 



NE. 20 

NE. 20 

NE. 12 

N. 11 

SE. 16 



WSW. 12 
Calm. 

ESE. 18 

ESE. 19 

SW. 5 



14.84 



WSW. 
NE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
E 



E. 



13.10 



SSE. 16 

SSW 8 

W. 9 

NE. 4 

SW. 16 

AVSW. 20 
Calm. 

ESE. 24 

ESE. 20 

SSW. 9 



WSW. 

NE 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE 



NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 



15.<U 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



NNW. 18 

NNW. 10 

NNE. 12 

ENE. 11 

NE. 20 

NE. 20 

NE. 20 

NE. 11 

N. 11 

SE. 18 



SSE. 

SW. 

W. 

NNE. 

SW. 

SW. 

Calm. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

SSW. 

WSW. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 



E. 



14.74 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



NNW. 18 
NNW. 15 
NNE. 11 
ENE. 13 

NE. 24 



NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

W. 

Calm. 

SW. 

SW. 

W. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

SSW. 



10 p. m. j 11 p. m. | 12 p. m. 



Direction '. Direction \ Direction 

and and and 

velocity. velocity. velocity. 



Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 



NNW. 18 i NNW. 16 

N. 16 ! N. 15 

NE. 10 NE. 11 

ENE. 14 I ENE. 16 

NE. 20 ; NE. 16 



NNW. 14 

N. 16 

NE. 10 

ENE. 14 

NE. fl 



NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

W. 

E. 

SW. 



21 I NE. 22 
16 i NE. 21 



NE. 9 

NNE. 6 
SE. 16 



S 

5 I SW. 
15 W. 

2 ! ESE. 
12 SW. 



19 AVSW. 16 
4 W. 3 

20 . ESE. 22 
14 i SE. 10 
11 ! SW. 22 



WSW. 6 ; WSW. 

ENE. 18 I ENE. 

ENE. 24 I ENE. 

ENE. 24 E. 

ENE 25 ! ENE. 



WSW. 14 
SSE. 4 
ESE. 21 
SE. 15 
SW. 22 



7 AVSW. 7 

20 I ENE. 20 
24 | ENE. 23 
24 ENE. 24 

21 ENE. 20 



NE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 

E. 



ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 



E. 



11 I E. 
19 I E. 



ENE. 20 

ENE. 20 

E 19 

E. 16 

E. 9 



10 E. 



16 



15.42 



15.26 



14.93 



NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

SE. 



S. 10 

SW. 5 

W. 8 

ESE. 5 

WSW. 9 

WSW. 14 

SSE. 4 

ESE. 16 

SE. 12 

SW. 16 

W. 6 

ENE. 18 

ENE. 20 

ENE. 19 

ENE. 20 



ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 



E. 



13. 03 



12.33 
11.88 
12.88 
9 00 
17.71 

19.04 

19. 25 
15.21 
10 13 

9.88 

11.79 
7.83 
8 04 
7 33 
9.58 

9. 50 

ll! 17 
21. 29 
10 75 

10.67 
10. ;9 
21.67 
21.67 
22.40 

20. 25 
16. 33 
16.50 
16.71 
13.83 

13.12 

13.90 



21) 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 21 feet.* Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5>> 17°. Velocity given in miles per hour.] 



Date. 



1882. 
June 1 
Juue 2 
June 3 
June 4 

June 5 

June 6 

June 7 

June 8 

June 9 

June 10 
June 11 
Judo 12 
June 13 
June 14 

June 15 
June 16 
Juue 17 
June 18 
June 19 

June 20 
June 21 
June 22 
June 23 
June 24 



1 a. m. 



2 a. m. 



Direction Direction 

and and 

velocity, j velocity. 



E. 
NE. 

N. 
E. 

SW. 
SE. 
SE. 
NE. 
E. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

SUE. 

NE. 

nne. 

KNE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

SW. 

wsw. 

NNW. 

NNW. 
N. 



June 25 I ENE. 9 

June 26 i WNW. 9 

June 27 WNW. 15 

Juno 28 ! NNW. 8 

June 29 i NNW. 13 

June 30 i N. 6 

Means.; 11. 03 



E. 
NE. 
N. 
E. 

SW. 
SE. 
SE. 
NE. 
E. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 
NNE. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

SW. 

wsw. 

NW. 

N. 
ENE. 



3 a. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



E. 
NE. 
N. 
E. 

SW. 

SE. 

SE. 

NE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

NNE. 



i a. m. 



5 a. m. 



U a. m. 



Direction ] Direction 
and and 



Direction 
and 



7 a. m. 



Direction 

and 



velocity. , velocity. veloc.ty. | velocity. 



E. 

NE. 

N. 

E. 



WSW. 16 
SE. 8 

SE. 10 

NE. ' 6 



E. 



15 ! E. 



9 ! NE. 

9 NNE. 

9 NNE. 
15 I ESE. 
14 SW. 

9 , SW. 
5 W. 
10 NW. 
9 i N. 
7 I E. 



10 



E. 20 

ENE. 5 

ESE. 6 

NE. 11 

NNE. 8 



NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 
15 i ESE. 
14 SW. 
I 

SW. 

WNW. 

NW. 

N. 
5 E. 



E. 8 I E. 

WNW. 12 ; NW, 

WNW. 15 I W. 

NW. 9 ' 

NW. 7 



NNW. 
NW. 



NNE. 



NE. 



E. 13 

NE. 18 

N. 20 

E. 11 

WSW. 12 
SE. 12 

SE. 6 

NE. 7 

16 

22 
4 
4 



ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 

NE. 
NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

SW. 



SW. 15 
WNW. 6 
NW. 9 
N. 9 

E. 4 



ESE. 
NW. 
WNW. 12 
N. 9 

NNW. 10 



E. 

NE. 

N. 

E. 



WSW. 11 

SE. 12 
Calm. 

ENE. 6 



8 a. m. 



Direction 
and 

velocity. 



9 a. m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



10 a. m. 



11 a. m. 



Direction j Direction 

and and 

velocity. velocity. 



E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

W. 

NW. 

NW. 

NNE. 

E. 



NNE. 

N. 
E. 

WSW. 
SE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 



13 
22 

18 N. 
13 E 



16 E, 



E. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
10 ! NE. 

9 i NNE. 



8 ! NE. 
6 J NNE. 

8 ! NNE. 

9 ESE. 
10 SW. 



W. 

NNW. 

NW. 

N. 
ENE. 



E. 7 ESE. 6 : ESE. 

WNW. 14 WNW. 16 ! WNW. 

NW. 14 NNW. 12 | NNW. 

NNW 6 NNW. 7 i NNW. 

NE. 7 ! NW. 7 NNW. 



8 NE. 



9 I NE. 



6 ENE. 



7 ' ENE. 



10.77 



10.73 



10.47 



10.13 



.CO 



E. 10 I E. 

NNE. 21 NNE. 
16 N. 
15 , E. 



WSW. 
SE. 

NNE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
SE. 
SW. 

W. 

NNW. 
NW. 
N. 
ENE. 

ESE. 
WNW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 

NNW. 

ENE. 



12 I WSW. 
10 I SE. 

5 NE. 

6 ENE. 
16 E. 



E. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 



7 ' NE. 

5 i NNE. 

8 j NNE. 
7 SE. 

13 ' SW. 

11 i SW. 

6 N. 



NNE. 8 

N. 6 

NNE. 5 



5 ESE. 6 
15 WNW. 18 
13 I NNW. 11 
12 j NNW. 10 

9 j NNW. 6 

6 ! NE. 6 



9.83 



9.53 



E. 
NNE. 

N. 
E. 

WSW. 

SE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 
ESE. 

E. 
ENE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

SW. 

SW. 

NNE. 
NW. 
N. 
E. 

ESE. 

WNW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

NNE. 



E. 12 

NNE. 22 

N 14 

E. 14 



WSW. 

SE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

E. 



E. 18 

ESE. 6 

E. 8 

ENE. 6 

NNE. 8 



NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

SW. 

SW. 

NNE. 

NNW. 

NW. 

E. 

SE. 

WNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

NW. 

NNE. 



12 m. 



Direction 

and 
velocity. 



NNE. 

N. 

E. 

WSW. 

SE. 

NE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 
ENE. 

NNE. 



9 NE. 

8 NNE. 

9 ENE. 

10 ' SE. 
14 I SW. 

9 WSW. 

11 NNE. 
8 NW. 

3 NW. 

4 I ENE. 



6 , SE. 
19 WNW 
15 I NNW. 

8 N. 

6 NNW. 

7 NNE. 



13 
22 
16 
15 

12 



9 
22 

19 
6 
8 



10 
6 
11 
12 

8 

G 
12 
10 



7 
18 
12 
8 
6 



10.23 



10.37 





1 p. m 




2 p. no 


. 


8 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m 


(> p. ir 


. 


7 p. ni. 


8 p. in 




It p. m. 


10 p. m. j 11 p. ni. 

1 


12 p.m. 


Dailv 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocitv. 


mean ve- 
locity. 


1882. 
June 1 
June 2 
June 3 
June 4 


NNE. 

N. 
E 


16 
20 
13 

14 


E. 

NNE. 

N. 

E. 


19 
20 
12 
14 


NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


16 
20 
12 
12 


E. 

NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


14 
18 
11 
16 


ENE. 
N. 
NE. 
E. 


12 
24 
10 

13 


ENE. 
N. 
NE. 
E. 


13 
23 
11 

12 


ENE. 14 
N. 27 
NE. 13 
E. 9 


ENE. 

N 

NE. 

E. 


13 
24 
11 

7 


ENE. 
N. 
NE. 
E. 


17 

24 

13 

5 


NE. 
N. 
NE. 
E. 


18 

25 

11 

3 


NE. 
N. 

ENE. 
Calm. 


19 
23 
14 


NE. 
N. 

ENE. 
SW. 


18 

23 

10 

2 


14.50 
21.21 
15.12 

In. 42 


June 5 | WSW. 
Juue G SE. 
June 7 j ENE. 
June 8 j E. 
June 9 j E. 


8 

10 

6 

8 

20 


WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


7 
11 

3 
11 
19 


WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


7 
10 

3 
13 

20 


WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

E<E. 

ENE. 


5 
10 

4 
16 

20 


ssw. 

SE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 


5 
13 

4 
14 
20 


SSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 


5 
12 

4 
13 
18 


SSW. 5 
SE. 12 
NE. 7 
ESE. 15 
E. 20 


SSW. 

SE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

E. 


5 

9 

8 

15 

20 


SSW. 

SE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 


5 

5 

4 

14 

20 


S. 

SE. 
NE. 
E. 
ENE. 


6 

9 

5 

18 

20 


S. 

SE. 

NE. 

E. 

ENE. 


8 
10 

4 
17 
19 


SE. 

SE. 

NE. 

E. 

ENE. 


7 
8 

17 
20 


9.12 
9.38 
5.88 
10.29 
17.96 


June 10 i ENE. 
June 11 ; ESE. 
June 12 I E. 
June 13 ! ENE. 
June 14 ; NNE. 


22 
10 
7 
9 
9 


E. 

ESE. 
NE. 
NE. 

NNE. 


20 
12 

6 
12 

9 


ENE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 


19 
10 
6 
13 
13 


E. 

ESE. 
NE. 
NE. 

NNE. 


18 

8 

8 

13 

12 


ENE. 

S. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


18 
7 
11 
12 
12 


ENE. 
SSW. 
NE. 

NE. 
ENE. 


18 

8 

10 

12 

9 


ENE. 18 
SSW. 7 
NE. 11 
NE. 14 
ENE. 10 


ENE. 

SSW. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 


17 

6 

13 

12 

10 


ENE. 

SSW. 
NE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


15 

4 

8 

10 

10 


ENE. 

SSW. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 


16 
3 

8 
11 
10 


NE. 

SSW. 
NE. 

NNE. 
NE. 


11 

9 

7 

10 

12 


NE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 


13 

1 

8 
6 
11 


18 33 
G. 12 
7.71 

10.08 
9. 75 


June 15 
June IG 
June 17 
June 18 
June 19 


NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

SW. 


10 

8 

11 

10 

9 


NE. 

NNE. 
E. 
S. 
SW. 


10 
6 

12 
8 

10 


NE. 

NNE. 
NE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


9 

6 

11 

G 

8 


NE. 

NNE. 

E. 

W. 

SW. 


10 

6 

10 

4 
11 


NE. 

NNE. 

E. 

W. 

SW. 


9 

7 

14 

4 

14 


NE. 

NNE. 

E. 

SW. 

SW. 


7 

6 

13 

3 

10 


NE. 10 
NNE. 7 
E. 15 
SW. 3 
SW. 13 


NE. 

NNE. 

E. 

SW. 

SW. 


9 

G 

15 

6 

13 


NE. 

NNE. 

ESE, 

SW. 

SW. 


8 
7 

14 
8 

12 


NNE. 

NNE, 

ESE. 

SW. 

SW. 


9 1 NNE. 

8 NNE/ 
15 i E. 

G SW. 
13 SW. 


9 
8 

13 
8 

12 


NNE. 
NNE. 
E. 

SW. 

SW. 


10 
9 
15 
10 
11 


8.58 

7. 12 
10. 92 

8. 58 
12. UK 


June 20 
June 21 
June 22 
June 23 
Juue 24 


wsw. 

NNE. 
N W. 
NW. 

NNE. 


6 

14 

14 

4 

6 


WSW. 

NNE. 

NW 

NNW 

N. 


8 i WSW. 
11 i NNE. 
10 ; NNW. 

4 NW. 

8 ! N. 


6 
13 
10 

6 

7 


WSW. 

NNE. 
NNW. 
NW. 

N. 


5 
10 

12 
6 

10 


WSW. 

NNE. 
NNW. 
NW. 

N. 


4 
11 

13 
6 

8 


WSW. 
NNE. 
NNW. 
WNW. 

N. 


6 

8 
8 
5 
9 


WSW. 6 1 WSW. 
N. 9 N. 
NNW. 12 NW. 
WNW. 5 ! WNW. 
N. 8 | NNE. 


G 
8 
12 
6 
9 


wsw. 

N. 

NNW. 
WNW 

NNE. 


5 
7 
12 

8 


WSW. 

N. 

NNW. 

N. 

NNE. 


6 
11 
11 
8 
9 


WSW. 
NNW. 
N N W. 

N. 
NNE. 



7 
11 

/ 
8 


wsw. 

NNW. 
NNW. 
N. 

NNE. 


G 
8 

7 

7 


7.91! 
8. 40 
9 75 
li. 08 

c i;j 


June 25 
June 2U 
June 27 
June 28 
June 29 


E. 

N W. 
NNW. 
N. 
NNW. 


20 

12 
9 
8 


ESE. 
NW. 

NNW. 

N. 

W. 


7 

18 
12 
10 

5 


ESE. 

NW. 

NW. 

N. 

NW. 


8 
16 
9 
8 
5 


ESE. 

NW. 

NNW. 

N. 

W. 


8 

16 

14 

8 

5 


ENE. 

NW. 

N. 

N. 

WSW. 


10 
10 
14 
S 
4 


E. 

NW. 

N. 

N. 

NW. 




17 

12 

8 

G 


ESE. 7 ESE. 
NW. IG ' NW. 
NNW. 12 1 NNW 
N. 7 ! N. 
NNW. 7 j N. 


9 
14 
13 
11 

8 


E. 

NW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 

N. 


8 

17 

11 

9 

5 


ESE. 
NW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 

N. 


13 
10 
13 
5 


ESE. 4 
WNW. 13 
NNW. 11 
NNW. 15 
N. 6 


W. 
WNW 

N. 
NNW. 

NNE. 


3 
13 
11 
16 

8 


7.04 
I5.5U 

12.71 
9 25 
6.83 


June 30 


NNE. 


7 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 12 | N. 


12 


NNE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


8.71 


Means. 


10.90 


10.77 


10.43 


10.60 


10.97 




10.17 




11.03 10.90 




10.Y: 




10.63 


10.17 


10.03 


10.40 



On and after June 15, 1882, anemometer cups 28 feet above the ground. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 



271 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[ .Height of anemometer above surfaoo of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 h 17"". Telocity given in miles per hour.] 





e. 


1 a. in. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. in. 


5 a. in. 


(j a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 




9 a. in 




10 a. m 




11 a. in 




12 m. 


Dat 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

arid 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


1882. 
July 1 
July 2 
July 3 

July 4 


SE. 
MNE. 
ESE. 
W. 


12 
8 

12 
6 


SE. 

E. 

E. 

W. 


10 
8 
7 
3 


E. 
E. 
E. 
W. 


n 

7 
8 
2 


E. 

ENE. 

E. 

W. 


11 
6 

7 
3 


ESE. 
ENE. 
E. 
W. 


10 
9 
7 
2 


ESE. 
E. 

ESE. 
Calm. 


6 
6 

8 


ESE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 


5 
9 
5 
4 


ESE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
W. 


6 
9 
6 

4 


SE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


4 
5 
6 
5 


ESE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


6 

4 
10 
7 


ESE. 
EvE. 
SW. 
SW. 


11 

6 

10 

8 


ESE. 
SE. 
W. 
WSW. 


12 
5 
8 
8 


July 
July 
July 
July 
July 


5 
6 

7 
8 
9 


W. 

TVSff. 

sw. 

ESE. 
NW. 


4 
22 
14 
14 

4 


wsw. 

SW. 
SW. 

WNW. 


5 
19 
15 
13 

7 


WSW. 

SW. 

SW. 

ENE. 

W. 


5 

14 

11 

10 

5 


W. 

SW. 

SW. 

ENE. 

W. 


4 
15 
11 
13 

7 


S. 

SW. 

SW. 

E. 

w. 


3 
18 

8 
12 
10 


S. 

SSW. 

SW. 

ESE. 

W. 


4 
16 

9 
10 

9 


S. 

SW. 

S 

ENE. 

W. 


3 
18 

5 
12 
13 


SSE. 

SW. 

S. 

E. 

W. 


7 
15 

5 
13 

9 


s. 

SW. 

s. 

ESE. 
W. 


13 

21 

3 

11 

7 


S. 
SW. 

s. 

E. 
W. 


18 
22 

3 
12 

D 


ssw. 

SW. 
SE. 
ESE. 
WSW. 


20 
20 
4 
10 

7 


SW. 
SW. 
E. 

WSW. 


25 
20 

5 
10 

8 


July 
J uly 
July 

July 
July 


10 
11 

12 
lo 
14 


NNE. 
SW. 

wsw. 

wsw. 


10 

8 

12 

18 

7 


E 

ssw. 

SW. 

wsw. 
wsw. 


12 

5 

16 

20 

5 


E. 

S W. 
SW. 

SW. 

wsw. 


12 
11 
14 
16 
9 


SSW. 

SW. 

SW. 

wsw. 


11 
6 
14 

17 
10 


ESE. 

NSW. 

SW. 

SW. 

WSW. 


12 

5 

15 

19 

9 


"P 

WNW. 
SW. 
SW. 
WSW. 


8 
5 

12 

IK 
10 


ESE. 

WSW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 


10 

4 
16 
22 
11 


SE. 

WSW. 

SW. 

wsw. 

SW. 


8 

2 

13 

20 

12 


SE. 

S. 

SW. 

WSW. 

SW. 


8 

9 

13 

21 

14 


SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

WSW. 

SW. 


7 
6 
17 
19 
18 


SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

WSW. 

SW. 


5 
6 

20 
16 
1-1 


Calm. 

SE. 
SW. 
WSW. 
SW. 


7 
20 
14 

14 


July 

July- 
July 
July 
July 


15 
1C 
17 
18 
19 


ssw. 

EXE. 
EXE. 
NNW. 

SE. 


8 

10 

10 

6 




s. 

E. 

ENE. 
SW. 
ENE. 


10 
10 
16 
5 
6 


N. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 

SNE. 


10 

10 

18 

6 

7 


N. 
E. 
E. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


5 

10 

19 

5 

6 


N. 
ENE. 

WNW. 

SSE. 


8 
8 
20 
5 
6 


NNW. 
E. 

ENE. 
AV. 

NNE. 


8 
8 
16 
4 
4 


NNW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

WSW. 

E. 


12 
9 

16 
8 
6 


s. 

E. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

ESE. 


10 
13 

18 

8 
8 


N. 

E. 

ENE. 

AVSW. 

SE. 


8 

11 
14 

7 
7 


N. 

E. 

ENE. 

WSW. 

SE. 


9 

11 
16 
9 
8 


N. 

ESE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 

SE. 


9 
11 
16 

7 
8 


S T . 

E. 

ESE. 

AVSW. 

SSE. 


7 
13 
16 

5 

12 


July 
July 
Jul\ 
July 
July 


20 
21 
22 
23 
21 


SNE. 

E. 

ENE. 

N. 
ESE 


21 

12 

3 

11 


SSE. 

ESE. 

E. 

SW. 

ESE. 


9 
22 
11 

3 
14 


E. 

E. 

E. 

NW. 

ESE. 


8 
24 
11 
k 3 
11 


E. 

ESE. 

E^E. 

NW. 

ESE. 


7 
18 
9 
5 
10 


E. 
ESE. 

■CI 

NSW. 
SE. 


7 

19 

6 

5 

8 


E. 

ESE. 
E. 

NNE. 
SE. 


6 

16 

6 

6 

8 


E. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 
SE. 


6 

18 

9 

6 

10 


E. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 
SE. 


8 
20 
7 
7 
9 


E. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 
SSE. 


8 

19 

9 

7 
12 


E. 

ESE. 

SE. 

ENE. 
SSE. 


10 
IS 
9 
8 
12 


ENE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

ENE. 

SSE. 


12 
19 
4 
5 
12 


ESE. 

SE. 

SW. 

E. 

S. 


12 
12 
7 
8 
13 


July 
July 
July 
July- 
July 


25 
26 
27 
28 
29 


SE. 

ssw. 
w. 

SSE. 
E. 


6 

1 

8 

18 

16 


ENE. 

SW. 

WNW 

SSE. 
E. 


7 

1 

8 

16 

13 


E. 

Culm. 

NW. 

NE. 

fi. 


8 

7 
16 
12 


E. 

WSW. 

SW. 

NNE. 
SE. 


6 

2 

4 

20 

18 


E. 

NW. 

NW. 

NE. 

ESE. 


9 
2 

5 
18 
16 


E. 

Calm. 

NW. 

NE. 
SE. 


9 

4 
16 
14 


Calm. 
NW. 
SE. 
ESE. 


11 

6 
22 

17 


ESE. 

Calm. 

SSW. 

NE. 

SE. 


11 

6 
19 
15 


SE. 
Calm. 

NNW. 

NE. 

ESE. 


7 

11 
18 
16 


S. 

Calm. 

N. 

ENE. 

SE. 


10 

8 
19 
14 


SW. 

Calm. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

SE. 


16 

10 
18 
16 


SW. 
Calm. 

SNE. 
ENE. 
SE. 


20 

10 
16 

22 


July 
July 


30 
31 

IIS. 


ESE. 
SW. 


22 
13 


SE. 
SW. 


20 

14 


E*E. 
SW. 


18 
11 


SE. 
SSW. 


18 
8 


SE. 
SSW. 


17 
14 


SE. 

SSW. 


14 
10 


SE. 
SSW. 


16 
12 


SE. 
S. 


18 
10 


SE. 
S. 


17 
10 


SSE. 
SSW. 


18 

11 


SE. 

SSW. 


18 
10 


SE. 
SW. 


18 
16- 


Mes 


10.81 




10.65 


10. K 




9.84 




10.06 


8.71 


10.35 




10.19 


10.13 


11.23 




11.23 




11.71 





1 p. m 




2 p. m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m 




5 p. EC 


. 


Op. ii 


. 


7 p. rr 


. 


8 p. n 


. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. in. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direct ion 


Direction 




and 




and 


and 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


. velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
July 1 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 11 


E. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


E. 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 


8 


E. 8 


ESE. 9 


ESE. 9 


ESE. 8 


8 92 


July 2 


SE. 


7 


SE. 8 


E. 5 


ESE. 


9 


E. 


8 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


13 


E. 


11 


E. 15 


ESE. 15 


ESE. 15 


ESE. 12 


8 83- 


July 3 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 12 


AVSW. 13 


SW. 


12 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


10 


NW. ' 


11 


NW. 


9 


NW. 10 


NW. 6 


WNW. 5 


W. 6 


8.67 


July 4 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 7 


WSW. 7 


SW. 


7 


SW. 


8 


WSW. 


8 


WSW. 


8 


W. 


6 


W. 5 


W. 5 


W. 5 


W. 5 


5. 42 


July 5 


SW. 


24 


SW. 24 


SW. 25 


SW. 


23 


SW. 


16 


SW. 


12 


AVSW. 


13 


WSW. 


12 


AVSAV. 12 


WSW. 14 


WSW. 15 


SW. 20 


13. 38 


July 


SW. 


18 


SW. 20 


SW. 18 


SW. 


21 


SW. 


18 


AVSW. 


17 


AVSW. 


14 


SW. 


13 


SW. 13 


SW. 12 


SW. 11 


SW. 11 


16.92 


July 7 


NNE. 


6 


E.. 9 


E. 9 


E. 


11 


E. 


11 


E. 


13 


E. 


14 


E. 


13 


ESE. 14 


ESE. 16 


ESE. 19 


ESE. 16 


10. 17 


July % 


E. 


10 


ESE. 12 


E. 10 


E. 


12 


e.te. 


10 


ENE. 


8 


E. 


9 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 8 


NNE. 7 


N. 6 


NNW. fi 


10. 25 


.July !) 


WNW. 


G 


W. 7 


AVSW. 5 


N NW. 


4 


N. 


5 


S. 


6 


NNE. 


8 


SE. 


11 


ENE. 12 


E. 13 


ENE. 15 


ESE. 10 


8. 46 


July 10 


Calm. 




NNAV. 6 


NNE. 5 


NNE. 


6 


SW. 


5 


NNW. 


7 


S. 


5 


NNW. 


6 


N. 6 


NNE. 11 


NE. 10 


ENE. 11 


7. 54 


July 11 


SSE. 


t; 


SE. 10 


S. 13 


SW. 


17 


SW. 


1.3 


W. 


9 


W. 


6 


AV. 


8 


W. 9 


WSW. 8 


SW. 12 


WSW. 13 


7.96 


July 12 


SW. 


20 


SW. 20 


SW. 21 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


24 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


18 


WSW. 


16 


WSW. 19 


W. 23 


WSW. 19 


WSW. 16 


17.42 


July 13 


AVSW. 


14 


WSW. 14 


AVSW. 13 


WSW. 


15 


AVSW. 


13 


wsw. 


12 


AVSW. 


10 


WSW. 


12 


WSW. 9 


WSW. 10 


WSAV. 11 


SW. 8 


15.01 


July 14 


SW. 


16 


SW. 14 


SW. 16 


SW. 


16 


wsw. 


15 


AVSW. 


12 


WSW. 


15 


AV. 


12 


AV. 7 


W. 5 


WNW. 4 


N N W. 8 


11.38 


July 15 


N. 


6 


N. 


S. 5 


N. 


7 


SSE. 


8 


SNE. 


7 


NNE. 


10 


SNE. 


9 


N. 9 


NNE. 11 


NE. 11 


ENE. 11 


S. 50 


July 16 


E. 


l(i 


ENE. 15 


E. 15 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


18 


E. 22 


E. 20 


ENE. 18 


ENE. 16 


13.92 


July 17 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 17 


ENE. 16 


E. 


10 


ENE. 


12 


E. 


9 


E. 


9 


SNE. 


7 


NNE. 8 


NNE. 7 


NNE. 6 


N. 5 


13.7.1 


July 18 


AV. 


5 


W. 5 


W. 5 


AV. 


5 


W. 


5 


NW. 


6 


SW. 


4 


NW. 


3 


NW. 3 


WNW. 4 


N. 4 


N. 6 


5. 42 


July 19 


SSW. 


9 


WSW. 4 


SW. 14 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


8 


WSW. 


6 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 





W. 2 


WNW. 3 


WNW. 2 


N. 4 


o. a& 


July 20 


ENE. 


IK 


E. 18 


E. 17 


E. 


IK 


E. 


17 


E. 


14 


E. 


19 


E. 


19 


E. 16 


E. 22 


E. 22 


ESE 20 


13 33 


July 21 


SE. 


1", 


SE. 11 


SE. 5 


SE. 


4 


Calm. 




WNW. 


3 


NW. 


5 


SW. 


6 


NNW. 4 


NNE. 7 


NNE. 7 


NNE. 9 


12. -16 


July 22 


SW. 


1) 


SW. 10 


SW. 8 


WSW. 


7 


AVSW. 


5 


AV. 


3 


SW. 


5 


NNE. 


8 


E. 11 


E. 12 


E. 9 


N. 5 


K 00 


July 23 


E. - 


8 


SE. 10 


SSE. 15 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


14 


s. 


7 


NW. 


7 


SE. 3 


E. 12 


E. 12 


E. 12 


s. 25 


July 24 


SSE. 


13 


SSE. 12 


SSE. 15 


SSE. 


16 


S. 


15 


NW. 


8 


NSW. 


6 


WNW. 


4 


NNW. 5 


N. 6 


NNE. 8 


NE. 4 


10.08 


July 25 


SW. 


IS 


W. 14 


W. 16 


AV. 


8 


WSW. 


8 


AVSW. 


4 


SW. 


7 


SW. 


6 


WSW. 2 


W. 3 


WNW. 2 


Calm. 


K. 67 


.July 26 


Calm. 




AVSW. 7 


AVSW. 6 


WSW. 


7 


AVSW. 


6 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


12 


WSW. 


8 


AV. 8 


AV. 9 


WSW. 12 


W. 10 


4.02 


July 27 


NNE. 


8 


N. 8 


N. 12 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


15 


N. 


12 


NNE. 


13 


N. 


19 


N. 17 


N. 18 


NNE. 20 


NE. 17 


10.83 


July 28 


NE. 


16 


SE. 10 


ENE. 12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


E. 


11 


E. 11 


E. 12 


E. 12 


ESE. 14 


15. OS 


July 20 


SE. 


18 


SE. 20 


SE. 20 


SE. 


18 


ESE. 


20 


SE. 


17 


ESE. 


18 


SE. 


17 


ESE. 20 


SE. 17 


SE. 20 


ESE. 20 


17.25 


July 30 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 22 


SSE. 22 


SSE. 


?4 


SSE. 


22 


SSW. 


20 


WSW. 


8 


WSW. 


8 


AVSW. 7 


SW. 7 


SW. 9 


SW. 12 


10.38 


July 31 


SW. 


16 


SW. 18 


SW. 20 


SAV. 


19 


SW. 


16 


SW. 


12* 


AVSW. 


7 


w. 


7 


W. 3 


NW. 2 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 13 


11.54 


Means 


11.65 




12.26 


12.71 


13.10 


11.87 


10.87 


10.52 


9.90 


9.61 


10.52 


10.81 


10.77 


10. 82 



272 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOAV, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the loind at Uglaamie from October, 1S81, to Aitf/iist, 18S.5 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 1 ' 17'". Velocity frivon in miles per hour.] 





e. 


1 a, m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m 


4 a. m 


5 a. in 


_ 


6 a. m. 


7 a. in. 




S a. m 




!) a. m 


10 a. m 


. 


11 a. n 


. 


12 m. 




Dat 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction Direction 

and and 
velocity . velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. ■ 

i 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction i Direction 

and and 
velocity. velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1882. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
Aug. 3 


ESE. 16 
NW. 1 
WSW. 10 


SSE. 
NW. 
WSW. 


17 

2 

18 


SE. 

N. 

SW, 


14 
20 


SSE. 

NNE. 

SW. 


17 WNW. 

5 NNE. 

28 | WSW. 


28 



28 


W. 
E. 

WSW. 


20 

C 

26 


WSW. 
E. 

WSW. 


21 

8 
24 


WSW. 
WSW. 


18 

8 
20 


WSW. 

Tji 

WSW. 


17 ! SW. 
10 ENE. 
17 | W. 


13 
12 

20 


SW. 

NE. 
W. 


15 
12 
20 


SW. 

F 

WSW. 


16 
12 

18 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


4 
5 

6 

7 

8 


NW. 7 
N. 10 
ESE. 41 
SSW. 32 
WSW. 17 


NW. 

N. 
SE. 
SSW. 
WSW. 


2 

6 

28 

30 

11 


WSW. 

N. 
SE. 
SSW. 
SW. 


6 
28 
27 

9 


E. 

NE. 

SE. 

SSW. 

WSW. 


7 

32 
28 
16 


ESE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

W. 

WSW. 




6 

28 

20 

15 


ESE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

W. 

WSW. 


6 
8 

20 
24 
10 


ESE. 

ENE. 
SE. 
W. 
SW. 


11 

7 

20 

28 

5 


SE. 

ENE. 

SSE. 

W. 

S. 


16 

8 

16 

28 

7 


SE. 

ENE. 

S. 

W. 

S. 


17 
11 
15 

29 
8 


SSE. 
ENE. 

W. 

SSE. 


19 
12 
14 
32 

12 


s. 

E. 
SSW. 

w. 

SSE. 


17 
16 
13 
32 
13 


SW. 
E. 

s. 
w. 

SSE. 


8 
16 
16 

25 

22 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


9 
10 
11 
12 
13 


S. 26 
W. 18 
SSE. 24 
S. 9 
NW. 22 


S. 

W. 

SSE. 

SSW. 

NW. 


28 
14 
17 
9 
24 


SSW. 

WSW. 

SSE. 

S. 

NW. 


24 
14 
15 
10 
24 


S. 

w. 

SSE. 
S. 

NNW. 


26 
9 
19 
16 
24 


SSW. 
NW. 

SSE. 

s. 

NW. 


24 
4 
14 
16 
18 


SSW. 
ESE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 
NW. 


24 
4 
14 
16 

18 


SSW. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NW. 


27 
8 
14 
20 
18 


SSW. 

E. 

SE. 

SW. 

NW. 


28 

7 
16 
20 
18 


SSW. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NW. 


26 
10 
16 

22 
17 


SSW. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NW. 


27 
10 

12 
22 
16 


SSW. 

1.SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NW. 


28 
19 

9 
24 
15 


SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NW. 


36 

22 
9 
24 
15 


Aug. 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


NNE. 5 
E. 16 
ESE. 24 
ESE. 22 
ENE. 19 


N. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

E. 


3 
16 
25 
20 
15 


NE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

E. 


4 
15 
20 
20 
13 


E. 

SE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 


5 
16 
2u 
18 
16 


E. 

ESE. 
E. 

ESE. 
ENE. 


8 
14 
19 
17 
15 


ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ESE. 

E. 


6 
14 
20 
16 

13 


ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ESE. 

E. 


5 
16 

18 
17 
16 


ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ESE. 

E. 


6 
17 
20 
17 
14 


ESE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 


8 
18 
20 
17 
12 


E. 

SE. 

E. 

ESE. 

E. 


8 
18 
20 
20 

15 


SE. 

SE. 

E. 

E. 

ESE. 


8 
20 
18 
20 
16 


ESE. 

ESE. 

E. 

E. 

E. 


9 
18 

20 
20 
14 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


19 
20 
21 
22 
23 


ENE: 11 
SE. 9 
ENE. 7 
ENE. 20 
WNW. 2 


ENE. 

SE. 

NE. 

NE. 
S. 


!) 
11 

9 
10 

6 


NE. 
SE. 
NE. 
NE. 
S. 


7 
12 

6 
15 

5 


NE. 
SSE. 
NE. 
NE. 
S. 


8 
13 

6 
18 

5 


ENE. 
SSE. 

NNE. 
NE. 
S. . 


9 
12 
13 
16 

4 


ENE. 
SSE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

Calm. 


7 
12 
15 
15 


ENE. 

SSE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ESE. 


8 
10 
16 
14 

4 


ENE. 

SSE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
SE. 


8 
10 
18 
16 

4 


E. 

SSE. 

NNE. 

NE. 
SE. 


8 
11 
18 

14 
4 


E. 

SSE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
ESE. 


6 

11 

18 

14 

5 


E. 

SSE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ESE. 


7 
10 
16 
11 

5 


ESE. 

SSE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


4 

9 

16 

12 

9 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


24 
25 
26 
27 

28 


NE. 14 
E. 8 
NE. 18 
N. 18 
E. 8 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

N. 

NNE. 


12 

9 

18 

18 

8 


NE. 

ENE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
NE. 


13 
10 

17 
17 

7 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

E. 


12 
10 
17 
17 
5 


NNE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


10 
10 
18 
19 

5 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


11 
12 
16 
18 
5 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


12 
14 
16 

14 
5 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

E. 


13 
18 
16 
14 
6 


NE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

E. 


13 
15 

20 

10 
4 


NE. 
NE. 
NE. 
NE. 
E. 


15 
14 
20 
11 

4 


NE. 

NE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
E. 


14 
16 
20 
11 
3 


NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


14 
19 
20 
9 
5 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 


29 
30 
31 

ins. 


E. 7 
NE. 10 
E. 9 


NNE. 
E. 


6 

12 

5 


ENE. 

NNE. 
E. 


6 
12 
6 


E. 

NE. 
E. 


5 
10 

4 


ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


6 
10 

4 


ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 


6 

10 

6 


ENE. 
NE. 

NNE. 


6 

8 
8 


ENE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 


5 
9 

8 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


6 
13 

8 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


8 

12 

9 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


6 

10 
10 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


(i 
!) 

13 


Met 


14.84 


13.68 




12.97 


14.00 


13.81 


12.84 


13.48 


13.84 


14.00 


14.48 


14.65 




15. 00 







1 p. n 


. 


• 

2 p. K 


. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. n 


i. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. j 9 p. m. 


10 p. 


m. 


11 p. IU. 


12 p. m. 


























• 




! 












Daily 

mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 


and 


and 




am 




anc 




and 


and 


- 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


v elocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
Aug. 1 


SW. 


16 


SW. 


lfi 


SW. 16 


SW. 


17 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 16 


WSW. 12 


WSW. 


12 


W. 


15 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 8 


NW. 2 


15. 29 


Ang. 2 


E. 


14 


E. 


13 


E. 17 


E. 


16 


E. 


14 


E. 16 


E. 17 


ESE. 


1.0 


ESE. 


11 


E. 


7 


SE. 12 


SE. 11 


10. 17 


Aug. 3 


W. 


18 


W. 


17 


WNW. 19 


W. 


17 


W. 


16 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 12 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 12 


WNW 


.12 


WNW. 8 


WNW. 8 


17. 12 


Aug. 4 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


24 


NW. 13 


NNW. 


20 


NNW. 


20 


NNW. 18 


NNW. 16 


NNW. 


12 


NNW. 


12 


NNW. 


13 


N. 15 


NW. 11 


12.46 


Aug. 5 


E. 


20 


E. 


24 


E. 28 


E. 


34 


E. 


32 


E. 32 


E. 34 


ESE. 


34 


ESE. 


38 


E. 


40 


E<E. 41 


ESE. 40 


21. 2 r > 


Aug. 6 


S. 


16 


S. 


19 


SSW. 28 


SSW. 


26 


SSW. 


27 


SSW. 34 


SSW. 26 


SSW. 


26 


SSW. 


32 


S. 


32 


SSW. 29 


SSW. 26 


24. 07 


Aug. 7 


W. 


28 


W. 


24 


WSW. 28 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 26 


W. 26 


w. 


24 


W. 


22 


w. 


20 


W. • 20 


W. 20 


26. 12 


Aug. 8 


SSE. 


25 


SSE. 


28 


SSE. 30 


s. 


28 


s. 


26 


S. 23 


WSW. 22 


SW. 


27 


s. 


12 


s. 


23 


SSW. 23 


SSW. 24 


18.17 


Aug. 9 


SSW. 


34 


SSW. 


32 


SW. 36 


WSW. 


39 


WNW. 


27 


WNW. 28 


WNW. 28 


WNW. 


28 


WNW. 25 


WNW. 28 


WNW. 22 


WNW. 20 


27.96 


Aug. 10 


SE. 


22 


SE. 


17 


SSE. 16 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 15 


SSE. 10 


S. 


17 


S. 


16 


s. 


22 


S. 20 


S. 21 


14.38 


Aug. 11 


S. 


9 


S. 


8 


SSE. 9 


SSE. 


13 


S. 


13 


S. 22 


S. 20 


S. 


18 


s. 


12 


SSE. 


9 


SSE. 13 


SSE. 8 


13 88 


Aug. 12 


WNW. 


23 


NW. 


22 


N W . 21 


NW. 


26 


NW. 


29 


NW. 26 


NW. 32 


NW. 


28 


NNW. 


32 


NNW. 


29 


NXW. 29 


NW. 31 


22. 33 


Aug. 13 


NW. 


13 


NNW. 


12 


NNW. 13 


NW. 


12 


NW. 


12 


NW. 12 


NW. 9 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 7 


NNW. 5 


14.58 


Aug. 14 


ESE. 


8 


SE. 


10 


E. 12 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 12 


E. 15 


ESE. 


15 


E. 


14 


E. 


14 


E. 14 


ESE. 15 


9. 50 


Aug. 15 


ESE. 


23 


SE. 


20 


ESE. 22 


ESE. 


23 


E. 


24 


ESE. 23 ESE. 24 


E. 


23 


E. 


24 


ESE. 


24 


E. 24 


E. 24 


19. S3 


Aug. 10 


E. 


22 


ENE. 


21 


E. 21 


ESE. 


22 


E. 


21 


E. 20 


E. 20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 21 


E. 22 


20.58 


Aug. 17 


E. 


24 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 24 


E. 


25 


E. 


22 


E. 22 


ESE. 24 


E. 


20 


E. 


22 


E. 


23 


E. 22 


E. 20 


20.50 


Aug. 18 


E. 


16 


E. 


11 


ESE. 23 


E. 


24 


E. 


20 


E. 20 


E. 20 


E. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


17 


E. lfi 


ENE. 14 


16. 29 


Aug. 19 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 8 


SE. 


10 


E. 


9 


ESE. 9 


E. 10 


E. 


15 


ESE. 


11 i E. 


15 


E. 13 


SE. 13 


9.21 


Aug. 20 


SE. 


9 


SE. 





SE. 8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 8 


ESE. 10 


E. 


10 


ENE. 


9 ! ENE. 


12 


ENE. 11 


ENE. 10 


10 118 


Aug. 21 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


lfi 


NE. 16 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


17 


NE. 17 


NE. 17 


NE. 


17 


NE. 


17 ! ENE. 


18 


NE. 19 


NE. 20 


15 08 


Aug. 22 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 13 


N. 


10 


N. 


10 


NNW. 10 


NNW. 8 


NNW. 


fi 


N. 


8 1 NNW. 


8 


WNW. 5 


WNW. 4 


12.04 


Aug. 23 


E. 


8 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 13 


E. 


13 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 11 ! ENE. 11 


E. 


10 


E. 


9 EXE. 


8 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 11 


7. 33 


Aug. 24 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


13 


NE. 12 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


15 


NNE. 12 i NNE. 11 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


12 1 NE. 


11 


ENE. 10 


E. 9 


12. 38 


Aug. 25 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


22 


NE. 22 


NE. 


22 


NE. 


24 


NE. 22 1 NE. 23 


NE. 


23 


NE. 


22 NE. 


23 


NE. 21 NE. 20 


17 46 


Aug. 26 


NNE. 


20 


NNE. 


21 


NNE. 20 


NNE. 


20 


NE. 


20 


NE. 20 \ NE. 22 


NE. 


22 


NE. 


21 ; NE. 


20 


NNE. 22 1 NNE. 18 


19.25 


Aug. 27 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


NE. 7 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


12 


NE. 10 i ENE. 8 


NE. 


8 


ENE 


il NE. 


9 


NE. 11 ENE. 8 


11.96 


Aug. 28 


E. 


5 


ESE. 


5 


Calm. 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


5 


NE. 7 1 NE. 7 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


7 NE. 


7 


ENE. 7 


ENE. 7 


5.58 


Aug. 29 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


NE. 9 


ENE. 13 | ENE. 





NE. 


10 I NE. 


9 


NE. 10 


NNE. 10 


7. 07 


Aug. 30 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


11 


NE. 13 


NE. 


11 


NNE. 


11 


NE. 10 


ENE. 10 1 NE. 


10 i ENE. 


9 NE. 


11 


ENE. 8 


E. 10 


10.33 


Aug. 31 


NE. 


11 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 11 


N. 


11 


N. 


12 


N. 12 


NNW. .12 • NNW. 


19 | NW. 


20 NW. 


22 


NNW. 25 


NNW. 28 


11.88 


Means . 


15.81 




15. 94 




17.00 


17.81 




17.13 




17.23 


17. 06 16. 71 


16. 39 16. 97 


16. 58 


15.81 


15.33 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



273 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

i Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5'' 17'". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a.m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a. m. 


a.m. 


10 a. re 


. 


11 a. m 




12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 






velocity. 


.velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 


velocity 




1882. 
Sept. 1 


MW. 


28 


NNW. 


27 


NNW. 


32 


NNW. 


29 


NNW. 26 


NNW. 


27 


NNW. 


23 


NNW. 


22 


N. 


23 


N 


22 


N. 


17 


N. 


15 


Sept. 2 


raw. 


10 


raw. 


6 


NW. 


5 


WSW. 


2 


SW. 4 


SW. 


3 


SW. 


5 


WSW. 


7 


W. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


SW. 


7 


SSW. 


6 


Sept. 3 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


12 


SSE. 


15 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 14 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 


16 


SSE. 


18 


SE. 


13 


SE. 


14 


Sept. 4 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 6 


ESE. 


6 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


10 


S. 


12 


SSE. 


10 


S. 


9 


Sept. 5 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


SE. 


11 


SE. 


11 


SE. 10 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


Sept. 6 
Sept. 7 


E. 


8 


E. 


10 


E. 


8 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 6 


E. 


5 


E. 


6 


E. 


6 


E. 


5 


ESE. 


5 


E. 


6 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


13 


NE. 


12 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 12 


NE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


NE. 


10 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 


20 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


13 


Sept. $ 


NE. 


14 


E. 


18 


ENE. 


14 


NE. 


12 


NE. 9 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


11 


NE.. 


12 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


11 


Sept. 9 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


E. 13 


E. 


10 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


NE. 


15 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


Sept. 10 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


14 


E. 


18 


ENE. 


21 


E. 19 


ENE. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


21 


Sept. 11 


E. 


23 


E. 


22 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


6 


E. 


8 


E. 


7 


Sept, 12 


NNW. 


' 8 


NW. 


8 


NNW. 


8 


NW. 


10 


WNW. 11 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


14 


NW. 


12 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


14 


Sept. 13 


WNW. 


12 


NNW. 


12 


N. 


9 


N. 


10 


N. 12 


N. 


12 


NNE. 


12 


N. 


11 


N. 


14 


N. 


15 


NNW. 


13 


N. 


14 


Sept. 14 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 12 


NE. 


10 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


3 


ENE. 


3 


ENE. 


2 


ENE. 


2 


Sept. 15 


ssw. 


3 


SSW. 


4 


ENE. 


5 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 5 


E. 


6 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


8 


Sept. 16 


E. - 


12 


ENE. 


15 


E. 


16 


E. 


19 


E. 16 


E. 


17 


E. 


17 


E. 


16 


E. 


18 


E. 


19 


E. 


20 


E. 


23 


Sept. 17 


NE. 


26 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


28 


NE. 24 


NE. 


18 


NE. 


15 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


16 


NNE. 


16 


NNE. 


17 


NE. 


12 


Sept. 18 


SW. 


7 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


9 


W. 10 


WSW. 


12 


WSW. 


14 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 


14 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


16 


WSW. 


lfi 


Sept. 19 


uw. 


7 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 


11 


NW. 


13 


NW. 15 


NW. 


9 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


12 


w. 


13 


w. 


13 


w. 


17 


w. 


19 


Sept. 20 


w. 


13 


W. 


15 


NNW. 


14 


NNW. 


16 


NNW. 14 


NNW. 


12 


NNW. 


13 


NW. 


7 


NW. 


5 


E. 


2 


NE. 


4 


ESE. 


4 


Sept. 21 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


SE. 


11 


E. 9 


E. 


8 


E. 


7 


E. 


8 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


11 


ENE. 


8 


Sept. 22 


NE. 


17 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


18 


ENE. 16 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


NE. 


16 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


10 


Sept. 23 


E. 


12 


E. 


11 


E. 


15 


E. 


14 


ENE. 15 


ENE. 


14 


E. 


16 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


15 


ENE: 


17 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


14 


Sept. 24 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


17 


NE. 


17 


NE. 


18 


NE. 16 


NE. 


18 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


17 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


19 


NNE. 


22 


NNE. 


22 


Sept. 25 


N. 


28 


N. 


29 


NNW. 


28 


NNW. 


26 


NNW. 23 


N. 


'22 


N. 


23 


NNW. 


23 


NNW. 


17 


NW. 


13 


NNW. 


17 


NNW. 


20 


Sept, 26 


S. 


6 


S. 


10 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 8 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


11 


S. 


10 


S. 


13 


S. 


17 


S. 


18 


S. 


20 


Sept. 27 


W. 


16 


W. 


18 


w. 


16 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 10 


ssw. 


10 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


13 


SSW. 


13 


S. 


17 


SSW. 


17 


SSW. 


16 


Sept. 28 


SSW. 


17 


SSW. 


18 


SSW. 


22 


SSW. 


20 


SSW. lfi 


ssw. 


20 


SW. 


18 


SW. 


15 


SW. 


20 


SSW. 


20 


ssw. 


23 


SW. V 


24 


Sept. 29 


WSW. 


29 


WSW. 


22 


w. 


18 


WSW. 


17 


WSW. 11 


SW. 


8 


SSW. 


7 


s. 


6 


ssw. 


15 


SSW. 


23 


ssw. 


24 


ssw. 


22 


Sept. 30 


ssw. 


5 


s. 


6 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 7 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


15 


E. 


19 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


28 


Means. 


13.97 




13.97 




14.17 


14.20 


12.67 


12.50 


12.47 


12.03 


13.17 


14.33 


14.27 


14.30 





1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


11p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 










































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


and 




velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1882. 
Sept. 1 


N. 


10 


NNE. 


10 


NW. 


11 


NNW. 


10 


N. 


6 


NNW. 6 


NNW. 


7 


NW. 


8 


NW. 9 


NNW. 11 


NW. 11 


NNW. 9 


16.62 


Sept. 2 


SE. 


7 


S. 


10 


S. 


11 


SSE. 


13 


S. 


13 


SSE. 13 


SSE. 


14 


SSE. 


15 


SE. 19 


ESE. 15 


ESE. 17 


SE. 14 


9.67 


Sept. 3 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


7 


SE. 9 


SE. 


9 


S. . 


5 


SE. 5 


SE. 5 


ESE. 6 


ESE. 6 


11.96 


Sept, 4 


S. 


9 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


8 


S. 


7 


SSE. 


12 


SSE. 12 


SSE. 


13 


SSE. 


13 


SSE. 12 


SE. 9 


ESE. 7 


ESE. 9 


9.08 


Sept. 5 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 11 


E. 


11 


E. 


13 


E. 13 


E. 12 


E. 8 


E. 9 


10.71 


Sept. 6 


ENE. 


7 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


11 


ENE. 


9 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 10 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 


13 


NE. 13 


NE. 13 


ENE. 12 


NE. 12 


8.79 


Sept. 7 


ENE. 


12 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


NE. 


13 


E. 12 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 15 


ENE. 16 


NE. 13 


NE. 13 


13. 29 


Sept. 8 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 


16 


NNE. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


NE. 14 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


14 


E. 12 


E. 12 


E. 13 


ESE. 13 


12.21 


Sept. 9 


E. 


15 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 


20 


ESE. 


20 


E. 21 


E. 


21 


ESE. 


23 


E. 22 


E. 22 


E. 20 


E. 20 


16.38 


Sept. 10 


E. 


22 


E. 


20 


E. 


22 


E. 


23 


E. 


24 


E. 22 


E. 


22 


E. 


23 


E. 23 


E. 26 


E. 25 


E. 24 


21.21 


Sept. 11 


E. 


5 


Calm. 




NE. 


7 


NE. 


7 


NE. 
WNW. 


5 


NNE. 6 


NNE. 


6 


NNE 


5 


NNE. 5 


NNW. 5 


NNW. 8 


NNW. 6 


8.96 


Sept- 12 


NW. 


14 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


13 


WNW. 


14 


12 


WNW. 11 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 8 


NW. 10 


NW. 14 


NW. 10 


11.50 


Sept. 13 


NNW. 


14 


N. 


10 


N. 


14 


N. 


13 


N. 


13 


N. 13 


N. 


14 


N. 


14 


N. 16 


N. 16 


N. 15 


NNE. 16 


13.08 


Sept. 14 


E. 


2 


ESE. 


2 


SE. 


2 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


6 


WSW. 5 


SW. 


5 


WSW. 


2 


SSW. 2 


SSW. 2 


Calm. 


SSW. 3 


5.58 


Sept. 15 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 11 


E3E. 


11 


ESE. 


11 


E. 11 


E. 12 


E. 12 


ENE. 10 


8.29 


Sept. 16 


ENE. 


22 


E. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 27 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


26 


NE. 28 


NE. 26 


NE. 26 


NE. 24 


21.29 


Sept. 17 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


6 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


2 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 4 


NNW. 


4 


NW. 


5 


NW. 5 


NW. 4 


WNW. 4 


WSW. 4 


1-.25 


Sept, 18 


W. 


13 


SW. 


12 


W. 


13 


W. 


12 


WSW. 


11 


WSW. 10 


W. 


12 


W. 


12 


WNW. 12 


NW. 10 


WNW. 7 


WNW. 9 


11.50 


Sept. 19 


W. 


19 


W. 


16 


W. 


16 


w. 


15 


w. 


17 


NW. 16 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


18 


AVNW. 15 


WNW. 16 


WNW. 15 


W. 10 


13. 96 


Sept. 20 


SE. 


4 


ESE. 


4 


SE. 


7 


E. 


5 


SE. 


6 


SE. 7 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 11 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 8 


8.75 


Sept. 21 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


NE. 


14 


NE. 16 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


14 


NE. 10 


NE. 17 


NE. 17 


ENE. 10 


11.33 


Sept. 22 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 


15 


E. 


16 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 13 


ENE. 


15 


NE. 


15 


ENE. 15 


ENE. 15 


ENE. 13 


ENE. 12 


15.46 


Sept. 23 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


20 


E. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 22 


E. 


21 


E. 


22 


ENE. 20 


ENE. 20 


ENE. 20 


ENE. 21 


17.29 


Sept, 24 


NNE. 


26 


NNE. 


28 


NNE. 


28 


NNE. 


28 


N. 


36 


N. 38 


N. 


36 


N. 


34 


NNW. 33 


NNW.;32 


E. 30 


NNW. 27 


24.75 


Sept. 25 


NNW. 


9 


WNW. 


10 


WNW. 


8 


WNW. 


10 


W. 


8 


W. 12 


WNW 


12- 


WSW. 


12 


WNW. 7 


WSW. 8 


WSW. 10 


S 3 


15. 75 


Sept. 26 


S. 


20 


S. 


20 


SSW. 


20 


SW. 


16 


SW. 


20 


WNW. 22 


WNW. 


24 


NW. 


17 


WNW. 24 


NW. 21 


WNW. 18 


WNW. 16 


15.83 


Sept. 27 


S. 


14 


S. 


14 


s. 


15 


s. 


16 


ssw. 


16 


SSW. 22 


SSW. 


21 


s. 


17 


SSW. 16 


S. 14 


SSW. 15 


S. 15 


15. 25 


Sept. 28 


SW. 


24 


SW. 


23 


SW. 


1.8 


WSW. 


24 


ssw. 


22 


SSW. 24 


SSW. 


25 


ssw. 


29 


SW. 33 


SW. 28 


SW. 28 


SW. 26 


22.38 


Sept. 29 


SW. 


21 


SW. 


21 


SW. 


22 


SW. 


22 


SSW. 1 


21 


SSW. 22 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


17 


SW. 18 


SW. 16 


SW. 13 


SW. 7 


17. 58 


Sept. 30 


ENE. 


32 


ENE. 


28 


E. 


34 


E. 


32 


E. 


28 


E. 28 


E. 


26 


ESE. 


20 


E. 18 


ESE. 22 


E. 22 


E. 24 


20.00 


Means. 


14.03 


13.63 


14.43 


14.63 


14.47 




15.30 


15.(50 


15.07 


15.00 


14.87 


14 30 


13.20 


14.02 



274 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — & 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour. 





te. 


1 a, m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. in. 


(5 a. m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a. in. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


Da 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1882. 
Oct. 1 
Oct. 2 


ESE. 
SSW. 


11 
12 


E 
SSW. 


13 

12 


SSW. 


19 
15 


E 
SSW. 


17 
13 


ENE. 
SSW. 


20 
14 


ESE. 
SW. 


14 
14 


SE. 
SSW. 


8 
14 


SE. 
SSW. 


8 
11 


S. 
S. 


11 

11 


S. 
S. 


6 
12 


S. 
SSW. 


6 

12 


S. 
SW. 


15- 


Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


3 
4 
5 
6 

7 


WE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 


17 
25 
32 
29 
24 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 


16 
24 
32 
30 
22 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 


18 
25 
32 
24 
26 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 
NE. 


16 

25 
32 
26 
27 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 


18 
24 
32 
26 
24 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 


18 
25 
32 
27 
23 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 


17 
26 
35 
24 
23 


NE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
NE. 


17 
26 
34 
25 
23 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 
NE. 


21 

27 
36 
26 
25 


NE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
NE. 


22 
28 
38 
25 
26 


NE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NE. 


20 
28 
36 
24 
26 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NE. 


23 

28 
36 
24 
23 


Oct. 
Oct, 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


8 

9 

10 

11 

12 


NE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
E. 

N. 


27 
22 
19 
5 
4 


NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
E. 

N. 


26 
21 

17 

5 


NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
NNW. 


27 

22 

17 

7 

3 


NE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

■p» 

NNW. 


28 

24 

15 

6 

3 


NE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
E. 

N. 


28 

22 

15 

6 

3 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

N. 
N. 


29 

22 

14 

8 

3 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

N. 


28 

22 

12 

5 

3 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 


28 
19 
11 
3 
4 


NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NNW. 

NNE. 


28 

21 

11 

4 

3 


NE. 

ENE. 
NE. 
N. 
NE. 


28 

20 

10 

6 

3 


ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
NW. 

NE. 


28 

20 

9 

5 

2 


NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NW. 

Calm. 


28 

20 

8 

4 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


13 

14 
15 
16 
17 


ESE. 

E. 

NE. 

ENE. 

E. 


8 
20 
15 
13 
14 


ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 


7 
18 
16 
12 
16 


ESE. 

ENE. 
E. 

E. 


6 
19 
15 
16 
16 


ESE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


8 
16 
14 
15 
16 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 


7 
13 
16 
15 
13 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 


8 
15 
16 
15 
14 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 


9 

11 
16 
13 

17 


ESE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


8 
12 
14 
11 
15 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 


10 
15 

14 

8 

18 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 


8 
15 
16 
12 
18 


ESE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


7 
15 
16 
12 
18 


ESE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


T 
14 
17 
10 
17 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


18 
19 
20 
21 
22 


ENE. 
E. 
E. 
S. 


14 

13 

5 

4 

6 


E. 

ENE. 

E. 

SSW. 


15 

12 

5 

3 

8 


E. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NW. 

SSW. 


15 

12 

5 

3 

8 


E. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NNW. 
SSW. 


14 
11 

4 
4 
6 


E. 
ENE. 

ESE. 

NNW. 

S. 


15 

10 

2 

5 

7 


ESE. 

NE. 

E. 

NW. 

S. 


11 
11 

2 
5 

8 


ESE. 
ENE. 
E. 
NW. 

S. 


10 
10 
3 
4 

8 


ESE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NW. 
S. 


10 

11 

3 

4 
8 


ESE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

NW. 

S. 


10 

12 

3 

5 

9 


ESE. 

NE. 

SE. 

NW. 

SSE. 


8 
9 
3 
5 
10 


ESE. 
E. 
SE. 
NW. 

SSE. 


6 
6 
3 

4 
9 


E. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

WNW. 

SSE. 


5 
6 
3 
3 

8 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


23 
24 
25 
26 
27 


ESE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
N. 
W. 


5 
6 

12 
14 

7 


ESE. 
E. 

ENE. 

NNW. 
NNW. 


6 
6 

10 

15 

5 


ENE. 
ENE. 
N. 

NNW. 


6 
6 
9 

20 
7 


E. 

ENE. 
NE. 
NNW. 

NNW. 


7 
6 
9 
18 
6 


E. 
ENE. 

NE. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


6 
6 
7 
17 
6 


E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NNW. 
NNW. 


8 
6 
6 
14 
8 


ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
NNW. 

NNW. 


8 

5 

6 

11 

7 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. • 
NNW. 
NNW. 


6 
6 
6 
14 
6 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


6 
5 
8 
13 
5 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


6 
6 
6 
15 
6 


ENE. 
E. 

ENE. 

NNW. 
NNW. 


7 
6 
6 
16 
6 


ENE. 
ENE. 
E 

NNW. 
NNW. 


7 
C 
6 
15 
6 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


28 
29 
30 
31 

ans. 


ffl¥. 
SSW. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


2 
5 

20 
28 


NNW. 
SSW. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


3 

6 

18 

30 


S. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


3 

8 

22 

28 


S. 

SSE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


3 

6 
20 
27 


S. 

SSE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


4 

5 

19 

28 


S. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SSW. 


3 

7 

18 

25 


S. 

SE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


2 

3 

18 

30 


SSE. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SSW. 


5 

3 

18 

22 


SSE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SSW. 


6 
6 

17 
18 


SSE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SSW. 


6 
9 
21 

20 


SSE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SSW. 


7 

9 

22 

17 


S. 

SE. 
SE. 
SSW. 


7 
10 
22 
10 


Me 


14.13 


13.98 


14.81 


14.26 


13.97 


13.84 


13.06 


12.61 


13.29 


13.65 


13.10 


12.90 







1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p:m 




6 p. m 




7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 




















































Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


mean ve- 
locity. 


1882. 
Oct. 1 
Oct. 2 


S. 
SW. 


5 
13 


S. 
SW. 


7 
17 


S. 
SW. 


3 

18 


S. 
SW. 


5 

14 


SSE. 
SW. 


6 
16 


S. 
SW. 


6 
12 


SSE. 
SW. 


6 
16 


SSE. 
SW. 


12 
12 


SSE. 
SW. 


11 
10 


SSE. 9 
W. 5 


SSE. 
NNE. 


10 
9 


SSE. 

NNE. 


8 
15 


9.46^ 
13.00 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


3 

4 
5 
6 
7 


ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 


22 

28 
38 
24 
22 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 


22 
28 
38 
24 
23 


ENE. 

ENE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
NE. 


22 
29 
39 

24 
24 


ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 
ENE. 

NE. 


23 
29 
38 
24 
28 


E. 

ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 


24 
32 
36 

24 
28 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 


24 
31 
36 
24 
28 


ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
NE. 

ENE. 


21 

32 
38 
24 
27 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 


22 
30 
35 
24 
22 


ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


23 
32 
36 
24 
23 


ENE. 24 

ENE. 32 
ENE. 35 
NE. 24 
NE. 23 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 


24 
33 
33 
23 
24 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 


22 
31 
31 
23 
26 


20.67 
28. 25- 
35.00 

24. S3 
24.58 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


8 
9 
10 
11 
12 


NE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NW. 

NE. 


28 

18 

8 

5 

8 


NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNW. 

NE. 


26 
18 

7 
7 

7 


NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

NE. 


27 

17 

8 

6 

7 


NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

NE. 


28 

21 

6 

4 

4 


NE. 
NE. 
NE. 

N. 
NE. 


26 

22 
6 
5 

2 


NE. 
NE. 

NE. 

N. 

E. 


26 

22 
7 
5 
4 


NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 

E. 


26 
21 
7 
4 
6 


NE. 
NE. 

N. * 
E. 


26 

20 
7 
5 
8 


NE. 
NE. ' 
E. 
N. 
E. 


24 
20 

7 

5 

10 


NE. 25 
NE. 18 
NE. 9 
N. 5 
ESE. 8 


NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNW. 

ESE. 


24 
19 

3 

7 


NE. 
NE. 

NE. 

N. 

ESE. 


23 

19 

7 

3 

6 


26.75 

20.42 

10.17 

5.00 

4.71 


Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


13 
14 
15 
16 

17 


ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


6 
14 
16 
10 

12 


ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 


6 
19 
15 

9 
14 


ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


5 
20 
16 
11 
23 


E. 
E. 

ENE. 
E. 
E. ' 


6 
21 
16 
12 
22 


E. 
E. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


9 
23 
14 
12 
22 


E. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


8 
20 
14 
12 
22 


ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 

• 


9 
20 
13 
14 
22 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


9 
19 
12 
14 
20 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


14 
19 
11 

20 
17 


ENE. 13 
ENE. 17 
ENE. 10 
E. 20 
E. 17 


E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


17 
17 
13 

17 
17 


ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

E. 


16 
17 
14 
16 
14 


8.79 
17.04 
14.54 
13. 29 
17.25 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct, 


18 
19 
20 
21 
22 


E. 

E. 

ESE. 

NW. 

SSE. 


16 
6 
3 

3 
7 


"P 

ENE. 
ESE. 
NW. 
SSE. 


16 
7 
3 
3 
6 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NW. 
SSE. 


16 
7 
3 

2 
8 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SE. 

NNW. 
SSE. 


18 
5 
3 
3 

7 


ENE. 

NE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SE. 


18 
4 
3 
3 
8 


ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SE. 

SE. 


18 
4 
3 
4 
8 


ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SE. 


18 
4 
2 
4 
7 


ENE. 

E. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SE. 


14 
3 

2 
4 

7 


ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 

S. 
ESE. 


14 
3 
4 
5 
5 


ENE. 13 
ESE. 4 
ENE. 3 
S. 5 
ESE. 6 


ENE. 

SE. 

ENE. 

S. 

ESE. 


1 

4 
6 

7 


ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 

S. 

ESE. 


12 

5 
4 
6 

7 


13.25 
7.46 
3.25 
4.04 
7.42 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct, 
Oct. 


23 
24 
25 
2fi 
27 


ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


7 
6 
5 
13 
3 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 
NNW. 
NNW. 


6 
7 
3 
12 
3 


ENE. 
ENE. 

N. 
NNW. 

NNW. 


7 
6 
9 
11 
2 


ENE. 
ENE. 

N. 
NNW. 

NNW. 


7 
14 
11 

9 

1 


ENE. 
ENE. 

N. 
NW. 

NNW. 


7 

12 

11 

8 

1 


ENE. 

ENE. 

N. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


7 
11 
13 
9 
1 


ENE. 

ENE. 
N. 

NW. 
NNW. 


6 

12 

14 

9 

1 


ENE. 

E. 

N. 

NW. 

NNW. 


6 
13 

17 
8 
1 


ENE. 
ENE. 

N. 
NW. 

NNW. 


8 
13 
17 
10 

2 


ENE. 8 
ENE. 13 
N. 16 
NNW. 10 
NNW. 2 


ENE. 

ENE. 

N. 

NNW. 

NNW. 


7 

13 

16 

9 

3 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NNW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 


6 

13 

16 

9 

2 


6.67 
8.46 
9.96 
12.46 
4.04 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct, 


28 
29 
30 
31 

ans. 


S. 
SE. 
SE. 
WSW. 


7 

9 

26 

17 


SSW. 
SE. 
SE, 
WNW. 


lb 

27 
21 


SSW. 
SE. 
SE. 
W. 


8 
14 
29 
23 


SSW. 
SE. 
SSE. 
W. 


8 
17 
32 
24 


SSW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

w. 


8 
20 
36 
24 


SSW. 

SE. 

SSW. 

w. 


8 
20 
36 
20 


SSW. 

SE. 

SSW. 

w. 


7 
22 
32 
21 


SSW. 

SE. 

SSW. 

w. 


7 
26 
24 
21 


SSW. 
SSE. 
SSW. 

w. 


6 
26 
26 
21 


SSW. 6 
SSE. 25 
SSW. 29 
WSW. 16 


SSW. 
SSE. 
SSW. 
W. 


7 
25 
32 
20 


SSW. 
SSE. 
SW. 
W. 


4 
22 
2S 
16 


5.58 
13.04 
24.67 
22.21 


Me 


13.06 




13.48 


14.32 


14.84 


15.16 


14.94 


15.00 


14.52 


15.03 


14.52 


14.90 


14.23 


14.07 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 275 

Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"". Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a. m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a. m. 


8a.m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. 


m. 


11 


a. m. 


12 


tn. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direct 


ion 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 


*' 


and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


an 


d 


and 




and 


and 


and 




velocM 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


1882. 
Nov. 1 


W. 


12 


W. 


7 


WSW. 


8 


W. 


6 


WSW. 


5 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 


7 


WSW 


5 


W. 


13 


WNW 


. 13 


WNW. 10 


NW. 


9 


Nov. 2 


w. 


4 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


14 


WSW. 


13 


W. 


17 


W. 


20 


W. 


21 


WNW 


. 19 


W. 


21 


WNW 


. ]8 


WNW. 21 


NNW 


23 


Nov. 3 


isrw. 


29 


NW. 


33 


NW. 


32 


NW. 


28 


NW. 


23 


NW. 


20 


NW. 


22 


NW. 


21 


NW. 


21 


WNW 


. 18 


NW. 


17 


NW. 


16 


Nov. 4 


NNW. 


4 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


6 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE 


15 


ESE. 


15 


Nov. 5 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


21 


E. 


23 


E. 


28 


E. 


27 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


24 


ENE 


26 


E. 


22 


Nov. 6 


E. 


30 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE 


24 


ENE. 


19 


Nov. 7 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


28 


E. 


23 


E. 


23 


E. 


. 26 


E. 


24 


E. 


25 


E. 


27 


ENE 


27 


ENE. 


27 


Nov. 8 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 


31 


ENE. 


32 


ENE. 


32 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


24 


ENE 


22 


ENE. 


23 


Nov. 9 


ENE. 


21 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


18 


E. 


15 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


21 


ESE. 


27 


E. 


28 


E. 


30 


E. 


30 


Nov. 10 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


22 


SW. 


17 


SW. 


22 


WSW. 


28 


WSW. 


29 


WSW. 


31 


WSW 


30 


WSW. 


37 


W. 


31 


WNW. 12 


NW. 


10 


Nov. 11 


E. 


28 


E. 


32 


E. 


32 


E. 


32 


E. 


27 


E. 


24 


E. 


26 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


29 


NE. 


30 


ENE 


31 


ENE. 


34 


Nov. 12 


NE. 


40 


NE. 


38 


NE. 


42 


NE. 


34 


NE. 


35 


NE. 


32 


NNE. 


. 31 


NE. 


26 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


21 


Nov. 13 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


E. 


10 


E. 


10 


E. 


9 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


13 


Nov. 14 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


6 


E. 


10 


E. 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 


10 


ESE. 


8 


ESE 


7 


ESE. 


7 


Nov. 15 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


9 


NE. 


10 


ENE. 


10 


Nov. 16 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


Nov. 17 


NE. 


19 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


19 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


23 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


32 


NE. 


26 


Nov. 18 


NE. 


32 


NE. 


32 


NE. 


32 


NE. 


32 


NE. 


33 


NE. 


27 


ENE. 


25 


NE. 


23 


NE. 


25 


NE. 


22 


ENE 


20 


NE. 


20 


Nov. 19 


NE. 


21 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 
ESE. 


20 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


21 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE 


22 


E. 


22 


Nov. 20 


ESE. 


26 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


23 


25 


ESE. 


25 


ESE. 


25 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


24 


ESE. 


24 


Nov. 21 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


25 


ENE 


24 


ENE. 


23 


Nov. 22 


E. 


2 


N. 


4 


NE. 


14 


N. 


13 


NNW. 


19 


NNW. 


18 


NW. 


18 


NNW. 


19 


NW. 


22 


NW. 


20 


NW. 


18 


NW. 


20 


Nov. 23 


¥NW. 


17 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


16 


W. 


19 


W. 


19 


WNW 


. 15 


WNW. 


14 


WNW 


13 


W. 


10 


WSW 


10 


Nov. 24 


SE. 


2 


E. 


5 


SE. 


4 


S. 


10 


SSW. 


12 


s. 


11 


SSE. 


11 


S. 


10 


S. 


9 


S. 


12 


s. 


9 


s. 


6 


Nov. 25 


WNW. 


22 


NW. 


29 


NW. 


27 


NW. 


22 


WNW. 


20 


NW. 


19 


NW. 


17 


WNW 


. 17 


WNW. 


16 


NNW. 


16 


N. 


13 


N. 


16 


Nov. 26 
1 


Nff. 


6 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


4 


S. 


7 


S. 


7 


SSE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


ESE 


12 


ESE. 


15 


Nov. 27 


SSE. 


11 


S. 


7 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


4 


s. 


7 


SSE. 


5 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


11 


SE. 


11 


ESE 


16 


ESE. 


16 


Nov. 28 


ESE. 


21 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


25 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


26 


ESE. 


26 


ESE 


25 


ESE. 


21 


Nov. 29 


ESE. 


33 


ESE. 


27 


ESE. 


32 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


23 


E. 


21 


ESE. 


28 


Nov. 30 


E. 


21 


E. 


26 


ESE. 


29 


E. 


31 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


27 


ESE. 


29 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


22 


ESE 


25 


ESE. 


2i 


Means . 


18.73 


18.60 


19.77 


19.50 


19.07 


18.70 


19.17 


18.63 


20.27 


19.40 


IS 


.00 


18.80 




1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


Up 


.m. 


12 a. 


m. 




















































Daily 


Date. 


Directi 


on 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


anc 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 






1882. 
Nov. 1 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


4 


S. 


5 


SW. 


10 


SW. 


15 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 


11 


W. 16 


NW. 15 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


1 




8.96 


Nov. 2 


NW. 


28 


NW. 


31 


NW. 


28 


NW. 


22 


NW. 


22 


NW. 


32 


WNW. 


34 


NW. 


32 


NW. 31 


NW. 39 


NW. 


40 


NNW. 


37 




24.04 


Nov. 3 


NW. 


18 


NW. 


14 


NW. 


13 


NW. 


6 


WNW. 


11 


WNW. 


8 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 12 


NW. 12 


N. 


10 


NNW. 


9 




17.04 


Nov. 4 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


19 


ESE. 


17 


E. 


16 


E. 


17 


E. 


20 


E. 19 


E. 20 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 




14.17 


Nov. 5 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


29 


ENE. 29 


E. 29 


E. 


27 


ENE. 


30 




26.04 


Nov. 6 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


23 


E. 


22 


ENE. 23 


E. 24 


E. 


23 


E. 


22 




24.25 


Nov. 7 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 29 


ENE. 32 


ENE 


. 30 


ENE. 


30 




25.75 


Nov. 8 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


26 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 24 


ENE. 24 


ENE 


. 22 


ENE. 


17 




25.21 


Nov. 9 


E. 


31 


ESE. 


29 


ESE. 


31 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


26 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


15 


E. 13 


E. 10 


E. 


6 


SW. 


7 




21.17 


Nov. 10 


NNE. 


13 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


17 


E. 


23 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 24 


E. 26 


ENE 


. 27 


E. 


29 




21.96 


Nov. 11 


ENE. 


32 


NE. 


31 


NE. 


38 


NE. 


39 


NE. 


37 


NE. 


38 


NE. 


44 


NE. 


40 


NE. 41 


NE. 43 


NE. 


42 


NE. 


38 




34.00 


Nov. 12 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


23 


NNE. 


24 


NNE. 


27 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


19 


ENE. 


19 


NE. 


18 


NE. 19 


NE. 19 


NE. 


17 


ENE. 


12 




25.92 


Nov. 13 


NE. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. ia 


ENE. 11 


ENE 


. 10 


ENE. 


10 




11.42 


Nov. 14 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


E. 


9 


E. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 9 


E. 6 


ENE 


. 8 


E. 


8 




8.46 


Nov. 15 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


11 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


ENE. 9 


NE. 11 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


11 




10.04 


Nov. 16 


NE. 


11 


ENE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


15 


NE. 15 


NE. 16 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


16 




11.58 


Nov. 17 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


27 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


36 


NE. 


36 


NE. 


32 


NE. 32 


NE. 34 


NE. 


34 


NE. 


32 




27.83 


Nov. 18 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


21 


NE. 


21 


ENE. 


21 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


23 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 17 


ENE. 20 


ENE 


. 20 


ENE. 


20 




24.08 


Nov. 19 


E. 


23 


E. 


19 


E. 


16 


E. 


16 


E. 


18 


E. 


22 


E. 


23 


E. 


24 


E. 25 


E. 28 


ESE 


26 


ESE. 


28 




21.17 


Nov. 20 


E. 


26 


E. 


20 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 


24 


E. 22 


E. 21 


E. 


20 


ENE. 


20 




23.12 


Nov. 21 


NE. 


19 


NE. 


20 


NE. 


19 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


9 


NE. 9 


NE. 7 


NE. 


6 


ENE. 


4 




17.58 


Nov. 22 


NW. 


19 


WNW. 


19 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 


21 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


20 


WNW. 


18 


W. 23 


WNW. 20 


WNW. 20 


WNW 


.22 




17.92 


Nov. 23 


W. 


11 


WSW. 


9 


WNW. 


5 


W. 


6 


W. 


7 


NW. 


5 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


4 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 6 


ESE 


4 


SE. 


4 




10.88 


Nov. 24 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


7 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


9 


SSE. 


7 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 5 


S. 5 


NW. 


10 


WNW 


.24 




8.42 


Nov. 25 


WNW. 


16 


w. 


17 


WNW. 


18 


WNW. 


17 


WNW. 


12 


WNW. 


14 


WNW. 


10 


W. 


12 


W. 10 


WNW. 9 


W. 


8 


WNW 


. 7 




16.00 


Nov. 26 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


19 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


17 


SSE. 


16 


SE. 5 


SSE. 6 


SSE. 


13 


SSE. 


6 




11. 12 


Nov. 27 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


19 


SE. 


20 


SE. 


21 


SE. 11 


SE. 9 


ESE 


12 


ESE. 


18 




12.46 


Nov. 28 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


24 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


21 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 27 


ESE. 28 


ESE 


32 


ESE. 


34 




23.71 


Nov. 29 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


23 


ESE. 


29 


ESE. 


25 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 


28 


ESE. 33 


ESE. 32 


E. 


30 


E. 


32 




25.88 


Nov. 30 


ESE. 


24 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


16 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 13 


ENE. 15 


ENE 


. 17 


ENE. 


22 




21.42 


Means - 


19.43 


18.50 


19.07 


18.70 


18.77 


19.30 


19.27 


18.83 


18.67 


19.23 


18.87 


19.00 


19.05 



276 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to Avgust, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h IT™. Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





e. 


1 a. m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a.m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a. m. 


a. m. 


10 a. 


n. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Da1 


Direction 


Directi 


sn 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 






and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




anc 




and 




and 




and 


an( 


1 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity . 


velocit 


y. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocitj 




velocity." velocity. 


velocity. 


1882. 
Dec. 1 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 ENE 


17 


ENE. 


17 


Dec. 


2 


E. 


11 


E. 


10 


E. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


10 


E. 


10 ! ENE 


10 


E. 


7 


Dec. 


3 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


5 


E. 


4 


E. 


3 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


4 


ENE 


3 


E. 


3 


Dec. 


4 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


1 


Calm. 




SE. 


5 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


5 


Dec. 


5 


E. 


8 


E. 


7 


E. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


E. 


10 


E. 


9 


E. 


9 


E. 


7 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


9 


ENE 


9 


ENE. 


7 


Dec. 


6 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


1 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


1 


SE. 


1 


Calm. 




E. 


5 


ENE. 


3 


ENE. 


2 ] ENE 


3 


ENE. 


3 


Dec. 


7 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


9 


.NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


S*fE. 


8 NNE 


8 


NNE. 


8 


Dec. 


8 


NNE. 


5 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


4 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


2 


NNE. 


2 


NNE. 


2 


NNE. 


3 


NNE. 


4 ! N. 


4 


NNW. 


4 


Dec. 


9 


N. 


9 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 


7 ; NNW. 7 


NNW. 


6 


Dec. 


10 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


7 


N. 


8 


N. 


7 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


5 


NNW. 


7 NNAY. 5 


NNW. 


5 


Dec. 


11 


WNW. 


7 


NW. 


8 


W. 


7 


wsw. ■•■■ 


8 


W. 


8 


W. 


5 


NW. 


7 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


5 


NW. 


4 WNW. 4 


WNW. 


4 


Dec. 


12 


wsw. 


3 


wsw. 


2 


SSW. 


1 


SSW. 


1 


SSW. 


1 


SE. 


2 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


G 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


5 


Dec. 


13 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


6 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


8. 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


6 


Dec. 


14 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


7 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


7 


E. 


8 


E. 


6 


Dec. 


15 


NlfE. 


15 


NE. 


14 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


14 


NE. 


13 


NNE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


13 


NNE. 


15 


NNE 


14 


NNE. 


14 


Dec. 


16 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


12 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


13 


Dec. 


17 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


n 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


10 


ENE. 


7 


Dec. 


18 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


6 


ENE 


3 


ENE. 


4 


Dec. 


19 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


E. 


6 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


E. 


2 


E. 


2 


E. 


2 


E. 


3 


E. 


5 


Dec. 


20 


ssw. 


8 


SSW. 


10 


fcSW. 


8 


S. 


7 


S. 


5 


s. 


10 


S. 


6 


S. 


6 


S. 


4 


S. 


2 


S. 


4 


S. 


4 


Dec. 


21 


SSW. 


2 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


S. 


8 


S. 


9 


SSW. 


7 


SSAY. 


3 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


6 


Dec. 


22 


SE. 


t 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


1 


SE. 


2 


SE. 


1 ; SE. 


1 


SE. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 




N. 


7 


N. 


8 


Dec. 


23 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


7 I NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 


4 


NNW. 


Calm. 




Dec. 


24 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




WNW. 


1 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm 




Calm. 




Dec. 


25 


Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




Calm. 




SE. 


1 


ESE. 


2 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


7 


NNE 


10 


NNE. 


12 


Dec. 


26 


NNE. 


13 


NNE. 


15 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


2 


NE. 


2 


NE. 


2 


NE. 


1 


Calm. 




NE. 


1 


S. 


5 


Dec. 


27 


WS¥. 


13 


WSW. 


H 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 


13 


WSW. 


12 


WSW. 


11 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


11 


WSW. 


9 


SW. 


13 


SW. 


11 


SW. 


12 


Dec. 


28 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


9 


SW. 


9 


SSW. 


16 


SSW. 


18 


s. 


18 


S. 


20 


S. 


19 


s. 


20 


Dec. 


29 


SW. 


30 


SW. 


32 


SW. 


31 


SSW. 


31 


WSW. 


28 


NNW. 


36 


NNW. 


42 


NNW. 


36 


NW. 


24 


NY'. 


22 ; NW. 


21 


WNW 


14 


Dec. 


30 


SSE. 


8 


SE. 


7 


SSE. 


10 


SSE. 


5 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


SE. 


1L SE. 


12 


SE. 


13 


Dec. 


31 

ns. 


SE. 


21 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


19 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


18 


SE. 


21 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


19 


ESE. 


14 ESE. 


16 


SE. 


16 


Mes 


8.71 


8.61 


8.58 


8.71 


8.23 


7.90 


8.68 


8.32 


7.90 


7.81 


7.97 


7.7 


1 






1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. m 




1 
7 p.m. 


8 p. m 




9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. 


m. 


T\ 


















































Daily 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 






and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 


and 


ant 








velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 






1882. 
Dec. 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


17 


E. 


12 


E. 


10 


ENE. 


12 


E. 10 


E. 5 


E. 9 


E. 


12 




15.58 


Dec. 


2 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


11 


ENE. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


»E. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 6 


E. 6 


ENE. 5 


ENE. 


4 




8.75 


Dec. 


3 


E. 


3 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


2 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


3 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


7 


SE. 3 


SE. 4 


SE. 2 


SE. 


4 




3.67 


Dec. 


4 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


4 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


7 


E. 


10 


E. 


6 


E. 8 


E. 8 


E. 6 


E. 


8 




5.12 


Dec. 


5 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


4 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


3 


E. 


5 


E. 


5 


E. 


6 


ESE. 


6 


SE. 3 


SE. 4 


SE. 3 


SE. 


3 




6.42 


Dee. 


6 ENE. 


2 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


6 ! NE. 


7 


NE. 


6 


NNE. 8 


NNE. 4 


NNE. 8 


NNE. 


9 




4.17 


Dec. 


7 NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


6 


NNE. 


5 


NNE. 6 


NNE. 6 


NNE. 7 


NNE. 


6 




8.12 


Dec. 


8 NNW. 


5 


NNW. 


5 


NNW. 


5 


NNW. 


5 


NW. 


5 


NAY. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


NW. 


10 


NW. 12 


NW. 11 


NNW. 10 


N. 


10 




5.46 


Dec. 


9 


NNW". 


7 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


9 


N. 


8 


N. 


6 


N. 


7 


N. 


7 


N. 9 


N. 5 


N. 7 


N. 


8 




7.62 


Dec. 


10 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


5 


NNW. 


4 


SW. 


5 


WNW. 


8 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


8 


W^TW. 8 


WF\7. 6 


AYNW. 5 


WNW 


. 7 




6.50 


Dec. 


11 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 


3 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


3 


SW. 2 


WSW. 1 


WSW. 2 


WSW 


3 




4.38 


Dec. 


12 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


7 ] ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


11 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


7 


SE. 6 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 4 


SE. 


9 




5.33 


Dec. 


13 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


8 : SE, 


6 


SE. 


5 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


6 


SE. 6 


SE. 5 


SE. 5 


SE. 


5 




6.71 


Dec. 


H 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


7 ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


7 1 NE. 


9 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


8 


NE. 10 


NNE. 11 


NNE. 11 


NNE. 


16 




8.17 


Dec. 


15 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


12 NE. 


9 


NE. 


9 NE. 


8 


NE. 


8 


NE. 


7 


NE. 


7 


NE. 8 


NE. 8 


NE. 7 


ENE. 


9 




11.38 


Dec. 


16 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


12 NE. 


13 


NE. 


13 | NE. 


12 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


15 


NE. 13 


NE. 14 


NE. 12 


NE. 


10 




11. 4G 


Dec. 


17 


ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


7 1 ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 1 ENE. 


8 


ENE. 


7 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 7 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 


6 




9.58 


Dec. 


18 


ENE. 


4 


E. 


3 


E. 


5 


E. 


7 1 E. 


8 


E. 


4 


E. 


5 


E. 


5 


E. 5 


E. 5 


E. 5 


E. 


6 




5.67 


Dec. 


19 


E. 


3 


E. 


3 


E. 


2 


E. 


4 ! E. 


2 


E. 


4 


E. 


2 


E. 


5 


E. 4 


SE. 


SE. 6 


S. 


9 




3.67 


Dec. 


20 


S. 


2 


S. 


1 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


3 


SW. 


4 


W. 


6 


SW. 


3 


SAY. 


3 


SSW. 3 


SW. 4 


SSAY. 5 


SSW. 


3 




4.75 


Dec. 


21 


nw. 


6 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


5 


NW. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 




NW. 


6 


NW. 


6 


Calm. 


NAY. 4 


NAY. 4 


SSE. 


2 




4.96 


Dec. 


22 


N. 


7 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


N. 


9 


N. 


10 


N. 


9 


N. 


8 


N. 


8 


NNW. 8 


NNW. 7 


NNW. 9 


NNW 


8 




5.29 


Dec. 


23 


Calm. 




NNW. 


2 ! NNW. 


4 


NNW. 


3-1 NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. .1 


Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 






3.67 


Dec. 


24 


Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 




S. 


1 


S. 


3 


Calm. 




Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 


Calm. 






.21 


Dec. 


25 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


14 


NNE. 


15 


NNE. 


16 , NNE. 


16 


NNE. 


15 


NNE. 


16 


NNE. 


15 


NNE. 13 


NE. 10 


NNE. 10 


NNE. 


10 




8.33 


Dec. 


26 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


5 


NNW. 


3 1 NNW. 


3 


Calm. 




WNW. 


12 


W. 


13 


W. 14 


W 14 


W. 12 


WSW 


10 




7. 42 


Dec. 


27 


SSW. 


15 


SSW. 


12 


SW. 


18 


SW. 


13 SSW. 


20 


SSW. 


22 


SSW. 


23 


SSW. 


19 


SW. 25 


AYSAV. 30 


AYSAY. 26 


AYSAY 


17 




15.92 


Dec 


28 


s. 


23 


s. 


23 


S. 


26 


s. 


26 | S. 


28 


S. 


27 


s. 


34 


S. 


32 


SSW. 32 


SSAY. 36 


SSAY. 29 


SSAY. 


32 




22.54 


Dec. 


29 


WNW. 


16 


WNW. 


14 


W. 


13 


w. 


15 W. 


12 WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


2 


Culm. 


SSAY 4 


Calm. 


Calm. 






18.08 


Dec 


30 


SE. 


14 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


16 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


18 


SE. 


19 


SE. 20 


SE. 20 


SE. 22 


SE. 


21 




13.67 


Dec 


31 
ans 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


17 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


19 


E. 


18 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


21 


E. 18 


ESE. 19 


E. 20 


E. 


20 




17.88 


Me 


8.13 

1 




7.94 




8.26 


8.39 


8.71 


8.45 


9.26 


9.06 


8.68 


8.68 


8.35 


8. Gl 




8.40 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



277 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feot. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour. J 





te. 


1 a. ii 




2 a. u 


. ■ 


3 a. rr 


. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. ni. 


tt a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Da 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocily. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Jan. 1 
Jan. 2 
Jan. 3 
Jan. 4 
Jan. 5 


E. 

E. 

SSW. 

E. 

NE. 


17 
26 
4 
12 
12 


E. 
ESE. 

SSW. 

E. 

NE. 


23 

24 

6 

7 

11 


E. 

ESE. 
SSW. 
E-. 

NE. 


28 

40 
4 
9 

10 


E. 

ESE. 
SSW. 
E. 

NE. 


25 

40 

2 

12 


E. 

ESE. 

SE. 

E. 

NE. 


24 
32 
9 
10 
11 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

E. 

NE. 


18 
28 
4 
10 
12 


E. 

ESE. 

SE. 

E. 

NE. 


20 
32 
5 
10 
11 


E. 

ESE. 

SE. 

NNE. 


25 
32 
10 
9 
12 


E. 

ESE. 

E. 

NNE. 


25 
31 
11 

7 
11 


E. 

ESE. 

E. 

NNE. 


24 
23 
15 
6 
12 


ESE. 

SE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 


23 
23 
15 
9 
12 


ESE. 23 
SE. 19 
E. 12 

ENE. 6 
NNE. 12 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


6 1 NNE. 

7 N. 

8 | WNW. 

9 W. 

10 WSW. 


8 
3 
10 
14 
10 


NNE. 
N. 

WNW. 
W. 

w. 


9 
7 

10 
8 

10 


NNE. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

WSW. 


7 

6 

9 

13 

9 


NNE. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

W. 


7 

6 

7 

15 

15 


NNE. 

NNW 

WNW. 

WNW. 

W. 


7 

8 
15 
15 


NNE. 

NNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

WNW. 


8 

2 

8 

14 

10 


NNE. 

NNW 

WNW. 

W. 

WNW. 


7 

1 

11 

11 

7 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

W. 


6 

5 

11 

16 

12 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WSW. 

WSW. 


7 

4 

12 

12 

12 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WSW. 

WSW. 


5 

5 

12 

16 

12 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

WSW. 


6 
4 
14 
15 
15 


NNE. 6 
WNW. 4 
WNW. 11 
W. 12 
W. 10 


Jan. 
Jau. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


11 

12 
13 
14 
15 


WSW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


8 
1 
9 
8 
6 


WSW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 

WNW. 


10 
2 
7 
8 
4 


WSW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


9 
3 
9 
6 
5 


WSW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


8 
6 
9 
8 
4 


W. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


11 

3 

10 

10 

3 


W. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


9 
3 

9 
11 
3 


W. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


9 
2 
10 
11 
3 


w. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


11 

8 

10 

13 

1 


w. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


15 
8 
11 
12 
4 


w. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


13 

4 
12 
12 

1 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


10 

6 

10 

11 

1 


WNW. 9 
WNW. 4 
WNW. 9 
WNW. 13 
WNW. 3 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


16 
17 
18 
19 
20 


ENE. 
SE. 
WSW. 
W. 

N. 


9 
33 
34 

14 
10 


ENE. 
SE. 

WSW. 
WNW. 

N. 


11 
23 

28 

Hi 
11 


ENE. 
SE. 
WSW. 
WNW. 

N. 


10 
19 
27 
16 
10 


ENE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 

WNW. 

NNE. 


10 
14 
35 
15 
15 


ENE. 
S. 

WSW. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


14 
12 
29 
12 
12 


ENE. 
WSW. 
WSW. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


16 
29 

28 
10 
13 


WSW. 
WSW. 
WNW. 
NNE. 


17 
34 
33 
8 
13 


E. 

wsw. 

WSW. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


18 
41 
32 
7 
15 


WSW. 
WSW. 
NW. 

NNE. 


19 

36 

36 

9 

13 


"P 

WSW. 

w. 

WNW. 

NNE. 


23 
37 
40 
7 
10 


E. 
SW. 

w. 

WNW. 
ENE. 


24 
41 
34 
7 
10 


E. 27 
SW. 40 
W. 37 

WNW. 8 
ENE. 17 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


ENE. 
E. 

ESE. 
W. 

K. 


30 
33 
39 
19 

15 


E. 
E. 

ESE. 
WNW. 

N. 


28 
26 
37 
21 
14 


E. 

E. 

ESE. 

WNW. 

N. 


28 
33 
39 
22 
10 


E. 
E. 

ESE. 
WNW. 

N. 


28 
40 
36 
19 
9 


ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

WNW. 

NNE. 


28 
35 
33 
22 
14 


ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

WNW. 

NNE. 


28 
30 
32 
21 
14 


ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

NW. 

NNE. 


28 
36 
32 
24 
18 


ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

NW. 

NNE. 


28 
30 
25 
15 

16 


ENE. 
E. 

ESE. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


28 
32 
12 
15 
17 


E. 
E. 

ESE. 
W. 

NNE. 


29 

31 

6 

13 

18 


E. 
E. 

SE. 
WNW. 

NNE. 


29 

27 

8 

12 

18 


ENE. 31 
E. 26 

SSW. 5 
WNW. 14 
NNE. 18 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


13 

8 
8 
8 
1 


NNE. 
ENE. 
E|FE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


10 
8 
8 
8 
2 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


9 
9 
9 

7 
3 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


8 
8 
8 
8 
2 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


6 

8 
8 
7 
3 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


9 

8 
8 
8 
1 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


10 
9 
8 
8 
2 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


12 
8 
8 
6 
3 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


14 

8 
8 
6 
3 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


12 
9 
8 
6 
3 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


9 
10 

7 
5 
2 


NNE. 9 
ENE. 10 
ENE. 8 
ENE. 6 
ESE. 4 


Jan. 


31 
ins . 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


5 


, SE. 


5 


SE. 


8 


SE. 


3 


SE. 


4 


SE. 


1 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


8' 


SE. 


6 


ESE. 8 


Mes 


13.70 


12.97 




13. 64 




14. 0C 


13.41 


13.lt 




13.90 




14.5S 




14.35 




13.93 




13.84 


13.58 





1 p.m. 


2 p. m 


3 p. m 




4 p.m. 


5 p. m. 


tt p.m. 


7p.ni 




S p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 

i 


Daily 










I 




































Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


mean ve- 
locity. 


1883. 
Jan. 1 
Jan. 2 
Jan. 3 
Jan. 4 
Jan. 5 


E. 

SE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 
NNE. 


21 

18 

12 

6 

12 


E. 
SE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 


17 
20 
11 
6 
11 


E. 
SE. 
ESE. 
EXE. 


30 

17 
9 
7 

11 


E. 

SE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 


31 

12 
8 
8 

11 


E. 
SE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 


30 
16 
9 
7 
11 


E. 
SE. 
SE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 


24 
12 

7 
6 

io- 


E. 

SE. 

SE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 


25 
10 

7 

7 

12 


E. 

SE. 
SE. 
ENE. 
NNE. 


25 
9 
12 

8 
12 


E. 
SE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 

NNE. 


30 
6 

13 
8 

11 


E. 27 
SE. 8 
ESE. 7 
NE. 10 
NNE. 9 


E. 

SSE. 
ESE. 

• NE. 
NNE. 


26 

8 

7 

11 

10 


E. 30 
SSE. 6 
E. 12 
NE. 11 

NNE. 9 


24.62 

20.50 

8.79 

8.20 

11.12 


Jan. 6 
Jan. 7 
Jan. 8 
Jan. 9 
Jan. 10 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

W. 

W. 


5 
3 

14 
14 
11 


NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 

w. 

w. 


3 

5 

9 

13 

13 


NNE. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
W. 

w. 


3 
4 
13 
15 
15 


NNE. 

WNW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 


1 

5 

14 

15 

11 


Calm. 

WNW. 
W. 

w. 
w. 


8 
15 
11 
12 


N. 

WNW. 

W. 

w. 
w. 


2 

8 

16 

12 
12 


N. 

WNW. 
W. 
WSW. 

w. 


3 
5 

14 
11 
10 


N. 

WNW. 

W. 

WSW. 

w. 


4 

5 

12 

11 

9 


N. 

WNW 

W. 

w. 

w. 


4 

14 
13 
12 

7 


N. 3 
WNW. 12 
W. 13 
W. 11 
W. 8 


N. 

WNW 

W. 

w. 
w. 


3 
9 

12 

10 

6 


N. 4 
WNW. 9 
W. 12 
WSW. 11 
W. 8 


4.91 

5.66 

11.66 

12.79 

10.79 


Jan. 11 
Jan. 12 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 14 
Jan. 15 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


7 
6 
9 
13 
4 


WNW. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


6 
5 
8 
12 
2 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
Calm. 


7 

5 

10 

10 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 


8 

5 

11 

10 

4 


WNW. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
ENE. 


6 
6 

10 
9 
8 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
ENE. 


5 

7 
9 
7 
8 


WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 
ENE. 


5 1 WNW. 
8 WNW. 
11 1 WNW. 
8' 1 WNW. 
8 1 ENE. 


9 

11 

8 

8 


WNW. 3 
WNW. 4 
WNW. 10 
WNW. 9 
ENE. 9 


WNW. 4 
WNW. 5 
WNW. 10 
WNW. 6 
ENE. 10 


WNW. 5 

WNW. 7 
WNW. 10 
WNW. 7 
ENE. 12 


WNW. 2 
WNW. 8 
WNW. 10 
WNW. 5 
ENE. 7 


7.66 
5.25 
9.75 
9.45 
4.91 


Jan. 16 
Jan. 17 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 19 
Jan. 20 


E. 

SW. 

W. 

WNW. 

ENE. 


30 
36 
32 

7 
19 


E. 

SW. 

w. 

WNW. 
ENE. 


36 

40 

27 

8 

20 


E. 

SW. 

W. 

WNW. 

ENE. 


44 
38 
38 
6 
20 


E. 
SW. 

w. 

WW. 
ENE. 


55 

32 

26 

5 

21 


WSW. 

w. 

WNW. 
ENE. 


52 

40 

26 

5 

24 


WSW. 

w. 

WNW. 
ENE. 


60 
34 
25 
8 
24 


E. 

SW. 
WSW. 
NW. 
ENE. 


56 
30 
26 
4 
25 


E. 

SW. 

w. 

Calm. 
ENE. 


52 
32 
25 

25 


ESE. 48 
WSW. 35 
WNW. 20 
W. 2 
ENE. 31 


ESE. 48 
WSW. 33 
WNW. 20 
W. 2 
ENE. 29 


ESE. 

WSW. 

W. 

W. 

ENE. 


46 

:;.3 

16 
3 

30 


ESE. 39 
WSW. 33 
W. 16 
NW. 7 

ENE. 30 


31.83 
32.29 
28.33 
7.75 
18.87 


Jan. 21 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 25 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 
NW. 

NNE. 


31 
29 
5 
17 
16 


ENE. 

ENE. 

SW. 

NW. 

NNE. 


34 
27 
6 
20 
17 


ENE. 

ENE. 

SW. 

NW. 

NNE. 


32 

29 

4 

11 

17 


ENE. 

ENE. 
SW. 

NNW. 

NNE. 


31 
31 
1 
16 
20 


ENE. 

ENE. 

SW. 

NNW. 

NNE. 


30 

34 

2 

18 
19 


ENE. 
E. 

S*E. 
NNW. 

NNE. 


26 
30 
4 
15 
15 


ENE. 
E. 

SSE. 

NNW. 
NNE. 


28 
36 
5 
14 
16 


ENE. 

E. 

S. 

NNW. 

NNE. 


29 

40 
7 
10 
17 


ENE. 

E. 

S. 

N. 
NNE. 


30 
38 
7 
16 
20 


ENE. 34 
E. 40 
SSW. 8 
NNW. 13 
NNE. 16 


ENE. 
E. 

SW. 

N. 
NNE. 


32 
3S 
13 
14 
15 


ENE. 30 
E. 35 
WSW. 18 
N. 12 
NNE. 1(> 


29.58 
32.75 

16.00 
16.37 
16.04 


Jan. 26 
Jan. 27 
Jan. 28 
Jan. 29 
Jan. 30 


NNE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


5 

10 
7 
4 
2 


NE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 


5 
9 

7 
4 
3 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


5 
8 
8 
2 
6 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


7 

8 
3 
4 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


5 
7 
8 
3 
4 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


6 
8 
8 
3 
4 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


8 
10 
8 
2 
6 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


9 
9 
8 
2 
5 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 


6 
10 
4 
2 
6 


NE. 5 
ENE. 8 
ENE. 4 
E. 2 
ESE. 6 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 


8 
8 
5 
2 
6 


ENE. 8 

e!s t e. 8 

ENE. 8 
ESE. 2 
SE. 6 


8.25 
8.54 
7.45 
4.75 
3.62 


Jan. 31 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


8 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


11 ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 13 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 12 


8.00 


Means . 


13.32 


13.29 


13.64 


13.84 


14.35 


13.70 


13.84 


13. 8( 




14.29 


13.68 


13.68 


13.68 


13.70 



278 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. "Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 . 

1 a. m 




2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


a.m. 


7 a. in. 


8 a.m. 


9 a.m. 


10 a. m 




11 a. m 




12 m. 


Date. Direction 
and 

• velocity. 

1 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Feb. 1 ESE. 
Feb. 2 SW. 
Feb. 3 SSW. 
Feb. 4 i W. 


12 

4 

8 

44 


ESE. 
SW. 
SW. 
W. 


15 
6 
8 

48 


ESE. 
SW. 
SW. 
W. 


12 
6 
8 

54 


ESE. 
SW. 
SSW. 
W. 


15 
3 
8 

51 


ESE. 
SW. 
SSW. 
W. 


10 
6 
9 

50 


ESE. 
SW. 
SSW. 

w. 


9 

9 

8 

46 


E. 
SW. 

s. 
w. 


12 
9 
1 

36 


F 
SSW. 

s. 
w. 


9 

8 

8 

31 


F 
SSW. 

s. 
w. 


6 

6 

11 

28 


E. 

SSW. 
S. 
W. 


7 

6 

11 

25 


E. 

SSW. 
S. 
WSW. 


4 

8 

11 

18 


F 
SSW. 

s. 

WSW. 


6 

11 
10 

12 


Feb. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


5 ' NNE. 

6 "WSW. 

7 , SE. 

8 W. 

9 ESE. 


7 
48 
23 
60 
25 


NE. 

WSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

ESE. 


7 
50 
29 
54 

24 


ENE. 

WSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

ESE. 


6 
48 
36 
56 

27 


NE. 
-WSW. 
ESE. 
W. 
SE. 


11 
56 
35 
55 
21 


ENE. 
WSW. 
ESE. 
W. 

s. 


13 
56 
40 
55 
24 


WSW. 
ESE. 
W. 
S. 


16 
48 
35 
48 
21 


E. 
W. 

SE. 

WSW. 

S. 


15 
50 
40 
48 
24 


ESE. 

w. 

SE. 

WSW. 

S. 


9 
40 

40 
47 
27 


SSW. 

w. 

SE. 
WSW. 

s. 


16 
46 
42 
40 
33 


S. 

w. 

SE. 

WSW. 

S. 


13 
45 
40 
36 
35 


SSE. 

w. 

SE. 

WSW. 

SSE. 


17 S. 
44 WNW. 
32 ! SSE. 
38 ! WSW. 
32 | S. 


20 
35 

25 

30 
34 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


10 < W. 

11 WNW. 

12 SSW. 

13 IfW. 

14 NW. 


40 

12 

8 

31 


WNW. 

wnw. 

SSW. 

KNW. 

NW. 


36 
15 

8 
11 


WNW. 
WNW. 
SSW. 

NNW. 
NW. 


40 
16 
10 
15 


WNW. 

W. 

SSW. 

NNW. 

NW. 


32 

11 

9 

13 


WNW. 

WNW. 

S. 

NW. 

NW. 


32 
8 

8 
11 


WNW. 
W. 
S. ' 
NW. 
NW. 


29 

12 
5 
6 


WNW. 

WNW. 

S. 

WNW. 

NW. 


30 

15 

3 

5 


WNW. 

w. 

S. 
WNW. 

NW. 


27 

14 

4 

4 


WNW. 

w. 

s. 

WNW. 
NW. 


24 
15 

5 
3 


WNW. 

w. 

s. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


23 

14 

5 

6 


WNW. 

w. 

SSE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


22 

16 

5 

8 


WNW. 
W. 

SSE. 
WNW. 

WNW. 


22 

15 
3 
8 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


15 W. 

16 W. 

17 ESE. 

18 ESE. 

19 SW. 


7 

14 

5 

9 

14 


w. 

w. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


8 

12 

6 

9 

15 


W. 

W. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 


8 

11 

7 

6 

13 


WNW. 

W. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 


9 

12 

8 

9 

8 


WNW. 

W. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 


8 
8 
6 
9 
8 


WNW. 

W. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 


7 
7 
4 
10 
10 


WNW. 

W. 

E. 

ESE. 

SW. 


9 
10 

4 
10 

9 


WNW. 

WSW. 
E. 

ESE. 
SW. 


8 
8 
3 

7 

7 


WNW. 

WSW. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


8 
6 

7 
9 

7 


w. 

WSW. 
NE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


7 
4 
8 
15 
6 


W. 

WSW. 

NE. 

ESE. 

WSW. 


8 

3 

8 

16 

5 


W. 

SW. 

NE. 

SE. 

SW. 


8 
4 
8 

11 
4 


Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


20 NW. 

21 M¥. 

22 NNW. 

23 NE. 

24 : WNW. 


10 

8 

10 

4 

.7 


NW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

WNW. 


11 
7 

12 
1 
5 


NNW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

WNW. 


13 
8 

11 
1 
6 


NNW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

WNW. 


11 
8 

11 
1 

7 


NNW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 

NE. 

WNW. 


11 
7 
9 

1 
6 


NNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

Calm. 

WNW. 


12 
8 
10 

4 


NNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

Calm. 

WNW. 


12 

7 
10 

4 


NNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

NE. 

WNW. 


8 
6 
5 
1 
4 


NNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

NE. 

WNW. 


10 
8 
5 
1 
4 


NNW. 

NNW. 

N. 

NE. 

W. 


7 
10 
6 
2 
7 


NNW. 
NNW. 

NNE. 

NE. 

W. 


11 
6 
4 
2 
6 


NNW. 
NNW. 
NNE. 

NE. 
W. 


11 
6 
9 
4 
5 


Feb. 

Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 


25 WSW. 

26 WSW. 

27 SE. 

28 SSE. 


8 
4 
8 
8 


WSW. 
WSW. 
SE. 
S. 


8 

3 

12 

6 


WSW. 
WSW. 
SE. 
S. 


8 

3 

13 

5 


WSW. 
Calm. 
SE. 
S. 


9 

18 
7 


WSW. 
Calm. 

SE. 
S. 


11 

12 
6 


WSW. 
Calm. 
SE. 
S. 


11 

11 
7 


WSW. 
WSW. 
SE. 
S. 


8 
1 
4 
9 


WSW. 
Calm. 

SE. 
SSW. 


10 

6 
8 


WSW. 
Calm. 
SE. 
SSW. 


12 

6 
9 


WSW. 
SW. 
SE. 
SSW. 


11 
1 
5 
8 


WSW. 

SW. 

SE. 

ssw. 


14 
3 
6 

10 


WSW. 
SSE. 
SE. 
SSW. 


11 
2 
3 
8 


Means . 15. 11 




15.46 




16.15 




16.03 




15.38 




14.31 




13.84 




12.38 




12.84 




12.61 




12.50 




11.19 









lp.n 


. 


2 p. m 


. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p. re 


i. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p. m 


. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 












































Daily 








































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 






and 


# 


and 




and 


and 


and 




and 




and 


and 




and 




and 


and 


and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1883. 
Feb. 1 


E. 


2 


E. 


2 


E. 2 


E. 3 


E. 


2 


E. 


2 


WSW. 4 


WSW. 


1 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 3 


WSW. 5 


WSW. 7 


6.41 


Feb. 


2 


SSW. 


10 


SW. 


10 


SW. 9 


SW. 8 


SW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


SW. .7 


SSW. 


6 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 9 


SSW. 8 


SSW. 7 


7.50 


Feb. 


3 


SSE. 


11 


S. 


16 


SSW. 28 


SSW. 20 


SSW. 


28 


SSW. 


22 


SSW. 26 


SW. 


26 


SW. 


31 


WSW. 48 


WSW. 49 


W. 44 


18.75 


Feb. 


4 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


21 


SSW. 12 


SW. 16 


SW. 


14 


SW. 


14 


SW. 14 


SSW. 


9 


SSW. 


9 


SSW. 11 


SW. 8 


SW. 6 


24.66 


Feb. 


5 


S. 


26 


S. 


24 


S. 26 


S. 28 


SSW. 


28 


SW. 


28 


SW. 30 


SSW. 


44 


SW. 


32 


WSW. 45 


WSW. 47 


WSW. 43 


22.95 


Feb. 


6 


WNW. 


31 


WNW. 


28 


NW. 20 


NW. 16 


NW. 


16 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 7 


NNW. 


5 


ENE. 


8 


E. 12 


E. 13 


ESE. 18 


31.16 


Feb. 


7 


SSE. 


20 


SSW. 


19 


SW. 29 


WSW. 44 


WSW. 


44 


WSW. 


48 


SSW- 36 


SW. 


46 


SW. 


52 


WSW. 45 


W. 52 


W. 58 


38.16 


Feb. 


8 


w. 


25 


W. 


20 


WSW. 14 


SW. 10 


SW. 


12 


SSW. 


14 


SSW. 8 


s. 


7 


SE. 


6 


ESE. 12 


ESE. 17 


ESE. 22 


30.58 


Feb. 


9 


s. 


37 


S. 


40 


S. 46 


S. 42 


SW. 


52 


SW. 


60 


WSW. 71 


SW. 


75 


WSW. 


70 


WSW. 


WSW. 


WSW. 


,(*) 


Feb. 


10 


WNW. 




WNW. 




W. 


W. 47 


WNW. 


44 


w. 


48 


W. 48 


w. 


52 


WNW. 44 


WNW. 44 


WNW. 41 


WNW. 38 


(*) 


Feb. 


11 


w. 


18 


w. 


18 


W. 16 


W. 14 


WSW. 


11 


WSW. 


11 


WSW. 8 


SW. 


18 


SSW. 


12 


SSW. 13 


SSW. 13 


SSW. 9 


21.58 


Feb. 


12 


s. 


18 


s. 


15 


S. 15 


SSW. 17 


SSW. 


18 


SSW. 


17 


SSW. 14 


SSW. 


8 


SW. 


8 


W. 9 


WNW. 7 


WNW. 6 


13.32 


Feb. 


13 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


2 


WNW. 3 


W. 4 


w. 


fi 


w. 


4 


W. 4 


w. 


4 


w. 


4 


WNW. 4 


NW. 6 


NW. 5 


5.08 


Feb. 


14 


WNW. 


7 


W. 


5 


W. 4 


WNW. 7 


WNW. 


5 


NW. 


8 


NW. 4 


NW. 


4 


w. 


6 


W. 8 


W. 8 


W. 6 


7.20 


Feb. 


15 


w. 


17 


W. 


15 


W. 15 


W. 16 


W. 


24 


w. 


16 


W. 22 


w. 


16 


w. 


17 


W. 14 


W. 13 


W. 11 


12.12 


Feb. 


16 


ESE. 


2 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 5 


ESE. 8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 10 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 7 


ESE. 7 


ESE. 6 


7.50 


Feb. 


17 


NE. 


9 


NE. 


8 


NE. 12 


ENE. 8 


ENE. 


5 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 6 


E. 


7 


E. 


12 


E. 14 


E. 9 


E. 10 


7.50 


Feb. 


18 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


11 


SSE. 16 


S. 9 


S. 


7 


S. 


11 


SSW. 13 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 11 


SW. 12 


SW. 12 


10.41 


Feb. 


19 


SW. 


5 


SW. 


5 


W. 6 


W. 5 


W. 


10 


W. 


6 


WNW. 7 


NW. 


9 


NW. 


11 


NW. 11 


NW. 9 


NAY. 11 


8.37 


Feb. 


20 


NNW. 


12 


N. 


10 


N. 9 


N. 9 


N. 


13 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 12 


N. 


12 


N. 


10 


N. 13 


NNW. 12 


NNW. 10 


10.79 


Feb. 


21 


NNW. 


8 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 11 


NNW. 12 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


10 


N. 11 


N. 


10 


N. 


12 


N. 11 


N. 13 


N. 13 


9.12 


Feb. 


22 


NNE. 


5 


NE. 


fi 


NE. 2 


NE. 4 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


4 


Calm. 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


2 


Calm. 


NE. 1 


NE. 1 


5.75 


Feb. 


23 


Calm. 




SSW. 


2 


SSW. 3 


SSW. 3 


SSW. 


5 


W. 


5 


W. 5 


W. 


6 


W. 


8 


W. 8 


W. 8 


W. 8 


3.29 


Feb. 


24 


W. 


9 


w. 


7 


W. 9 


W. 9 


WSW. 


8 


W. 


H 


W. 8 


w. 


8 


W. 


6 


W. 7 


W. 9 


W. 8 


. 6. 66 


Feb. 


25 


WSW. 


10 


WSW. 


8 


WSW. 11 


WSW. 7 


WSW. 


S 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 7 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 3 


WSW. 3 


WSW. 4 


8.41 


Feb. 


26 


Calm. 




SSE. 


1 


SSE. 2 


SSE. 6 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 




SSE. 11 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


9 


SE. 10 


SE. 8 


SE. 12 


4.12 


Feb. 


27 


SE. 


9 


SE. 


9 


SE. 14 


SE. 13 


SE. 




SE. 


4 


SE. 5 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


9 


SE. 8 


SE. 7 


SSE. 7 


8.41 


Feb. 


28 
ns. 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 5 


SSW. 5 


SSW. • 


5 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 3 


N. 


7 


N. 


6 


N. 8 


N. 12 


N. 6 


6.95 


Mea 


11.38 


11.00 


11.46 


11.57 


12.07 


11.11 




10.84 


11.42 




11.61 




13.23 


13.69 


13.46 


12.94 



' Record incomplete for February 9 and 10. 



< 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



279 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet 


Washingto 


n mean time 


c 


orrection 


to reduce to mean 


local time, — 5 1 ' 17 m . Veloci 


ty given in miles per hour. | 




1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 


7 a.m. 


8 a, m. 


i) a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Mar. 1 


N. 


6 


N. 6 


N. 


7 


N. 


8 


N. 


10 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


8 


N. 6 


N. 


5 


Mar. 2 
Mar. 3 
Mar. 4 
Mar. 5 
Mar. 6 


NE. 
ESE. 
E. 
SW. 

TOW. 


10 

7 

13 

14 

7 


NE. 12 
ESE. 5 
E. 11 
SW. 11 
WNW. 6 


ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 

SW. 

w. 


16 

6 

13 

12 
9 


E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

W. 

W. 


13 

12 
11 
13 
8 


E. 

ESE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 

w. 


13 

8 
13 
9 
8 


E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

WSW. 

W. 


12 

7 
10 
12 

6 


E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

WSW. 

W. 


11 

6 

16 

10 

6 


E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

W. 

AV. 


14 
4 
8 

13 
8 


E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

WNW. 

W. 


12 
5 
8 

14 

11 


E. 

ESE. 
ENE. 
WNW. 
W. 


14 
4 
6 
9 

10 


E. 16 
ESE. 5 
ENE. 4 
WNW. 8 
W. 9 


E. 

ESE. 
ENE. 
WNW. 

WSW. 


17 
6 

14 
7 
9 


Mar. 7 
Mar. 8 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 10 

Mar. 11 


wsav. 

W. 
W. 

w. 
sw. 


4 
14 
13 

6 

7 


WSW. 4 
W. 14 
W. 10 
W. 6 

SW. 4 


wsw. 

wsw. 

w. 

wsw. 

SW. 


3 
13 

10 
8 
4 


WSW. 

wsw. 
w. 

wsw. 
sw. 


3 

12 

13 

6 

3 


wsw. 
wsw. 
w. 
wsw. 

SW. 


4 
11 
11 

6 

4 


WSW. 
WSW. 
W. 

WSW. 
SW. 


4 

12 

12 

6 

3 


WSW. 

wsw. 

w. 

wsw. 

SW. 


4 

11 

10 

6 

3 


WSW. 

SW. 

W. 

WSW. 

SW. 


7 i WSW. 
10 WSW. 
10 : WSW. 

4 1 WSW. 
2 SW. 


8 
10 

3 
1 


WSW. 
WSW. 
WSW. 

wsw. 

Calm. 


8 

11 

8 

3 


WSW. 8 
W. 16 
SW. 8 
WSW. 4 
SSE. 2 


wsw. 
w. 

SW. 

wsw. 

NE. 


10 

16 

10 

4 

2 


Mar. 12 
Mar. 13 
Mar. 14 
Mar. 15 
Mar. 16 


NE. 

sw. 

SE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 


12 
6 

4 
14 
20 


NE. 12 
SW. 1 

SE. 3 
ENE. 10 
ENE. 20 


NE. 

WSW. 
SE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 


11 

1 

3 

14 

IS 


NE. 

wsw. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


10 
3 
• o 

14 
18 


NE. 

WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


■I 

1 

14 
16 


NE. 

WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


10 
4 
1 
13 
18 


NE. 

WSW. 
SE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 


10 

4 

2 

13 

22 


NE. 

WSW. 
SE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 


10 ] NE. 
4 WSW. 

2 j SE. 
13 ! ENE. 
22 ; EKE. 


9 
4 
2 
12 
22 


NE. 

WSW. 

Calm. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


11 
5 

14 
24 


NE. 9 
WSW. 8 
E. ■ 1 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 22 


ENE. 

NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 


4 
6 
4 
10 
22 


Mar. 17 
Mar. 18 
Mar. 19 
Mar. 20 
Mar. 21 


ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 

ssw. 

ESE. 


21 
20 
11 

4 
12 


ENE. 22 
ENE. 20 
NE. 9 
SSW. 3 
ESE. 11 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


21 

19 

9 

5 

12 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


28 
12 

10 
2 
11 


ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


24 

13 

8 

2 

10 


ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


24 

14 

5 

1 

10 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


25 
14 

6 
4 
14 


ENE. 

E. 

NE. 

SSW. 

E. 


24 ! ENE. 
12 : E. 

4 ; NE. 
1 : SSW. 

14 \ E. 


24 

15 

3 

4 
14 


ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

SSW. 

E. 


23 
13 

4 

3 

16 


ENE. 24 

ENE. 18 

SSE. . 3 

Calm. 

E. 16 


ENE. 

ENE. 
SSE. 
SW. 
E. 


22 

ie 

4 

3 

17 


Mar. 22 
Mar. 23 
Mar. 24 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 26 


E. 
SE. 
'SE. 
SE. 
WSW. 


28 

4 

12 

14 

6 


ESE. 30 
SE. 7 
SE. 17 
SE. 17 
SW. 3 


E. 

SE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 


30 

6 

17 

20 
4 


E. 

SSE. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


32 

18 
18 
2 


E. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

NNW. 


26 
14 
19 
16 
2 


E. 
SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

NE. 


23 
14 
18 
16 

4 


E. 

SW. 
SE. 
SSE. 
NE. 


24 
16 
19 
21 

4 


E. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

NE. 


28 ' ESE. ' 
15 ! SW. 
IK SE. 
20 ! SSE. 
8 NE. 


28 
14 
18 
17 
10 


ESE. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 


s 

16 
14 
11 


ESE. 26 
SW. 12 
SE. 16 
SSE. 16 
ENE. 12 


ESE. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 


26 
10 
16 
14 
13 


Mar. 27 
Mar. 28 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 30 
Mar. 31 


SSW. 

wsw. 

SE. 
WSW. 

SSE. 


34 
23 

17 
7 
8 


S. 29 
SW. 13 
SE. 19 
S. 4 
SSE. 2 


s. 

SW. 
SE. 
SE. 
S. 


27 
15 
16 
4 
3 


S. 

SSW. 

SE. 

SSE. 
SSE. 


28 
8 

13 
5 
5 


SSW. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SSE. 


25 

12 

16 

6 

5 


SSW. 

SSW. 

SSE. 

SSE. 

SSE. 


28 
8 

12 
4 
4 


SSW. 

s. 

SSE. 

S. 

SSE. 


25 
8 
8 
3 
9 


S. 
S. 

SSE. 
SSE. 

s. 


22 
3 
8 
3 

8 


S. 

SSE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 


25 
9 
6 
6 
6 


S. 

SSE. 

SE. 

SSE. 
SW. 


29 

8 
7 
6 
2 


S. 32 
SE. 12 
SSE. 8 
S. 5 
SW. 7 


S. 

SE. 

S. 

SSW. 

WSW. 


32 
4 
5 
5 
4 


Means - 


12.19 


11.00 


11.48 




11.22 




11.00 


10.35 


10.96 




10.48 




10.80 


10.64 


11.12 


11.06 





1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


p.m. 


7 p.m. 


S p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. ' 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Mar. 1 


N. 


7 


N. 


7 


N. 


7 


N. 


8 


N. 


r 


■ 
N. 


6 


N. 


8 


NNE. 


30 


NNE. 


7 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


12 


NE. 10 


7.62 


Mar. 2 
Mar. 3 
Mar. 4 
Mar. 5 
Mar. 6 


ESE. 

'ESE. 

ENE. 

WNW. 

WSW. 


18 

7 

8 

10 

10 


ESE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

WNW. 

WSW. 


19 
11 
6 
10 
10 


ESE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

WNW. 

WSW. 


17 

4 

6 

14 

11 


ESE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
NW. 
WSW. 


16 
7 
5 

12 
8 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

NW. 

SW. 


?7 

11 

5 

12 

8 


ESE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 

WW. 

wsw. - 


16 
8 
6 

11 

8 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SSW. 

WNW. 

WSW. 


18 
8 
8 

12 
8 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SSW. 

WNW. 

WSW. 


18 

8 

10 

11 

10 


ESE. 
ESE. 
SSW. 
NW. 
SW. 


21 

5 

14 

10 

8 


ESE. 
ESE. 
SW. 
NW. 
WSW. 


16 
9 

14 
8 
7 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

WNW 

AVSW. 


12 
12 
15 

8 
10 


ESE. 10 
E. 12 
SW. 14 
WNW. 7 
WSW. 8 


14.91 
7.37 
9.91 

10.70 
8.45 


Mar. 7 
Mar. 8 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 10 
Mar. 11 


WSW. 
WNW. 
SW. 
WSW. 

SSE. 


11 

16 

10 

3 

3 


WSW. 

WNW. 

SW. 

WSW. 

SE. 


11 

15 

12 

4 

5 


WSW. 
WNW. 
WSW. 
WSW. 
ESE. 


17 
18 
11 

4 
5 


AVSW. 
WN W. 
AVSW. 
WSW. 

ESE. 


14 
19 
9 


4 


wsw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 

SW. 

ESE. 


15 
18 
11 

I 


w. 

WNW. 
W. 
SW. 
ESE. 


17 
17 

11 
5 
4 


W. 

WNW. 

W. 

SW. 

ESE. 


20 

18 

12 

5 

6 


WSW. 
W. 

w. 

SW. 
ENE. 


14 
16 

12 
6 
6 


w. 
w. 

w. 
wsw. 

ENE. 


15 

18 

8 

5 

9 


WNW 

W. 

AV. 

WSW. 

ENE. 


12 

15 

8 

4 

16 


W. 
W. 

w. 

SW. 

ENE. 


14 

10 

7 

6 

14 


W. 14 
W. 10 
W. 7 
SW. 8 
ENE. 9 


10.04 

14.16 

10.08 

5.12 

5.00 


Mar. 12 
Mar. 13 
Mar. 14 
Mar. 15 
Mar. 16 


ENE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


6 

5 

4 

11 

22 


ENE. 

SE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


3 
2 
4 
12 
24 


ENE. 

NE. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


8 

1 

3 

12 

26 


ENE. 

SSE. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


10 
2 
3 

15 

24 


NE. 

SE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


5 
2 

16 

24 


NE. 

SE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


2 

1 

6 

19 

24 


NE. 

SE. 

SE- 

ENE. 

ENE. 


2 
1 
4 
19 
29 


NE. 
SE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 


3 

4 

16 
24 


SW. 

SE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


3 
2 
10 
16 
23 


WSW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


5 

2 

8 

16 

26 


SW. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


4 
3 
7 
18 
22 


SW. 4 
SE. 4 
ENE. 6 
ENE. 16 
ENE. 19 


7.25 

3.29 

3.91 

14.12 

22.12 


Mar. 17 
Mar. 18 
Mar. 19 
Mar. 20 
Mar. 21 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 
Calm. 
E. 


24 

15 

6 

IS 


ENE. 

ENE. 
SSW. 
Calm. 
E. 


24 

14 

3 

20 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 
ESE. 
E. 


24 

13 

6 

4 

23 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 
ESE. 
E. 


23 
14 
7 
3 
26 


ENE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 
ESE. 
E. 


25 

16 

5 

4 
28 


ENE. 

NE. 
SSW. 
ESE. 
E. 


20 

17 

6 

5 

28 


ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

ESE. 

E. 


22 

20 

6 

5 

30 


ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

ESE. 

ESE. 


23 

18 

8 

6 

26 


ENE. 

NE. 
SSW. 
ESE. 
E. 


25 
12 
10 
6 
31 


ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

ESE. 

ESE. 


25 
10 
(i 
4 
29 


ENE. 

NE. 

SSW. 

ESE. 

ESE. 


23 
15 

8 

7 

25 


ENE. 21 

NE. 12 
SSW. 6 
ESE. 9 
ESE. 28 


23.37 

15.08 

6.37 

3.54 

19.54 


Mar. 22 
Mar. 23 
Mar. 24 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 20 


ESE. 

SW. 

SE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 


27 
15 
16 
16 

14 


ESE. 

S. 

SE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 


24 
17 
14 
15 
17 


ESE. 
S. 
SE. 
p. 

E. 


20 
14 
16 
14 
22 


ESE. 

S. 

SE. 

SSAV. 

E. 


23 
12 
16 
10 
24 


SE. 
S. 

SE. 

SSW. 

ESE. 


23 
12 
20 
11 
24 


SE. 

S. 

SE. 

SW. 

ESE. 


18 
11 
20 
10 
23 


SE. 

S. 

SE. 

SW. 

ESE. 


11 
11 
19 
12 

27 


SE. 

S. 

SE. 

SW. 

ESE. 


16 
10 
19 
14 
24 


SE. 

S. 

SE. 

W. 

SE. 


8 
11 
21 
17 
19 


SE. 

S 

SE. 

SW. 

SE. 


6 
6 

20 
S 

20 


SE. 
S. 

SE. 
SW. 

SSE. 


2 
13 

19 

8 

20 


SE. 5 
SSE. 14 
SE. 16 
SW. 8 
SSE. 21 


21.50 

11.75 
17.50 
14.41 
13. 91 


Mar. 27 
Mar. 28 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 30 
Mar. 31 


S. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

SSE. 

AV. 

11.80 


32 
14 
8 
4 
6 


S. 

ESE. 

SW. 

SW. 

NW. 


26 
16 

6 
8 
8 


SSW. 

ESE. 

WSAV. 

SSW. 

NNW. 


28 
16 
12 

7 
11 


WSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

SSW. 

NNW. 


24 
14 
15 
3 
12 


WSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

SSW. 

NNW. 


27 
11 
11 
7 
14 


SW. 

ESE. 
W. 

s. 

NNW. 
12.29 


25 


10 
8 

13 


SW. 

ESE. 

W. 

S. 

NNW. 


27 
12 
13 

8 
19 


WSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

S. 

NNW. 


28 
15 
17 
9 
20 


AVSW. 

ESE. 

W. 

S. 
NAV. 


27 
16 
12 
5 
18 


WSW. 

ESE. 
AVSAV. 
SSE. 
NNAV. 


24 
18 

8 

18 


WSW. 

SE. 

WSAV. 

S. 

NNAV. 


27 
17 
10 
12 
19 


WSW. 20 
SE. 17 
SW. 8 
SSE. 11 
NNAV. 10 


27.12 

12.29 
11.08 
6.16 
9.83 


Means 


11. is, 




12.70 




12.51 




13.12 


13.54 


S3.S0 




13.2 


) 


12. 54 




12.8' 




11.93 


11.85 



280 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at JJglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17"". Velocity given in miles per hour. 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


1 a. m. 


5 a.m. 


fi a.m. 


7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 


9 a.m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 




Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 




1883. 
Apr. 1 


NNW. 


19 


NNW. 


18 


NNW. 


17 


NNW. 


19 


NNW. 


16 


NNW. 


15 


NNW. 


16 


NNW. 


17 


NNW. 


16 


NNW. 


14 


NNW. 


15 


NNW. 


IS 


Apr. 2 


NW. 


• 2 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


2 


NW. 


4 


NW. 


4 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


WSW. 


1 


W. 


2 


N. 


2 


Apr. 3 


N. 


5 


N. 


4 


N. 


3 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


N. 


1 


N. 


1 


N. 


4 


N. 


4 


Apr. 4 


N. 


4 


N. 


3 


N. 


3 


N. 


3 


N. 


4 


Calm. 




Calm. 




N. 


2 


N. 


4 


w. 


3 


W. 


3 


W. 


i 


Apr. 5 


W. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


7 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


5 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


Calm. 




NE. 


2 


Apr. 6 


SSE. 


1 


SSE. 


3 


SSE. 


6 


S. 


G 


S. 


4 


SW. 


3 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


4 


S. 


6 


s. 


7 


S. 


6 


S. 


7 


Apr. 7 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


3 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


11 


SSW. 


10 


SSW. 


9 


SSW. 


7 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


fi 


Apr. 8 


SSE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


11 


SE. 


13 


SE. 


13 


SE. 


12 


SE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


8 


ENE. 


9 


Apr. 9 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


15 


Apr. 10 ENE. 


29 


E. 


28 


ENE. 


27 


ENE. 


25 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


14 


Apr. 11 ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


15 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


12 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


9 


E. 


9 


Apr. 12 1 Calm. 




E. 


2 


E. 


3 


E. 


1 


E. 


3 


E. 


4 


SSW. 


7 


SW. 


6 


SW. 


5 


WSW. 


4 


SW. 


2 


SW. 


•> 


Apr. 13 ! NW. 


3 


NW. 


2 


NW. 


9 


NW. 





NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


3 


NW. 


1 


w. 


4 


WSW. 


• 1 


Calm. 




SW. 


4 


Apr. 14 


W. 


1 


W. 


1 


W. 


6 


W. 


5 


W. 


4 


W. 


5 


w. 


6 


W. 


6 


w. 


5 


w. 


5 


W. 


6 


WSW. 


4 


Apr. 15 


w. 


3 


w. 


1 


W. 


2 


w. 


3 


W. 


3 


w. 


1 


w. 


2 


W. / 


1 


w. 


1 


w. 


1 


W. 


2 


Calm. 




Apr. 16 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


7 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


9 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


12 


NNE. 


8 


NE. 


11 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


7 


Apr. 17 


N. 


7 


N. 


4 


N. 


6 


N. 


6 


N. 


4 


N. 


3 


N. 


1 


Calm. 




WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


3 


wsw. • 


4 


SW. 


4 


Apr. 18 


SSW. 


8 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


4 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


6 


SSE. 


5 


SSE. 


2 


SSE. 


3 


SSE. 


3 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


5 


E. 


9 


Apr. 19 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


16 


NE. 


15 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


13 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


14 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


12 


Apr. 20 


ENE. 


8 


E. 


12 


E. 


8 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


8 


E. 


12 


E. 


6 


E. 


3 


E. 


15 


E. 


12 


ENE. 


14 


ESE. 


5 


Apr. 21 


ESE. 


2 


NE. 


1 


N. 


3 


N. 


3 


W. 


6 


W. 


6 


W. 


9 


WNW. 


14 


W. 


17 


WNW. 


17 


W. 


17 


W. 


17 


Apr. 22 


W. 


14 


W. 


12 


W. 


12 


W. 


12 


w. 


13 


W. 


10 


W. 


8 


W. 


7 


W. 


6 


W. 


3 


w. 


1 


SW. 


1 


Apr. 23 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. , 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


13 


E. 


13 


E. 


13 


Apr. 24 


E. 


17 


E. 


20 


E. 


16 


E. 


12 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


14 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


9 


ENE. 


10 


Apr. 25 


NE. 


' 2 


WNW. 


3 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


4 


W. 


8 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


2 


W. 


6 


W. 


7 


Apr. 26 


NW. 


9 


W. 


4 


WNW. 


4 


WNW. 


5 


WNW. 


6 


W. 


6 


w. 


5 


W. 


4 


W. 


7 


W. 


11 


W. 


13 


W. 


n 


Apr. 27 


W. 


12 


W. 


10 


W. 


8 


W. 


fi 


w. 


6 


W. 


6 


w. 


4 


W. 


5 


W. 


6 


WSW. 


7 


WSW. 


6 


WSW. 


5 


Apr. 28 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


5 


WSW. 


5 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


5 


Calm. 




SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


4 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


1 


Apr. 29 


N. 


6 


NNW. 


6 


NNW. ' 


6 


NNW. 


9 


NW. 


4 


NNE. 


5 


NE. 


6 


NE. 


5 


NE. 


4 


ENE. 


6 


ENE. 


3 


NNE. 


4 


Apr. 30 


NNE. 


6 


NNW. 


7 


NNW. 


9 


N. 


8 


N. 


C 


N. 


1 


NNW. 


5 


N. 


6 


NNE. 


11 


ENE. 


10 


ENE. 


8 


NE. 


t 


Means . 


8.23 




7.90 




8.16 




8.16 




8.10 




7.56 




7.56 




7.30 




8.26 




7.80 




7.23 


i 


6.76 







1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Apr. 1 
Apr. 2 
Apr. 3 

Apr. 4 
Apr. 5 

Apr. 6 
Apr. 7 
Apr. 8 
Apr. 9 
Apr. 10 

Apr. 11 
Apr. 12 
Apr. 13 
Apr. 14 
Apr. 1 5 

Apr. 16 
Apr. 17 
Apr. 18 
Apr. 19 
Apr. 20 

Apr. 21 
Apr. 22 
Apr. 23 
Apr. 24 
Apr. 25 

Apr. 26 

Apr. 27 
Apr. 28 
Apr. 29 
Apr. 30 


NNW. 14 
Calm. 

N. 2 
W. 4 
NE. 2 

S. 10 
SSW. 10 
E. 12 
ENE 15 

ENE. 16 

ENE. 9 
WSW. 2 
Calm. 
SW. 5 
W. 2 

NNE. G 
SW. 5 
E. 2 
NE. 12 
Calm. 

W. 19 
SW. 1 
E. 16 
ENE. 17 
W. 7 

W. 11 
WSW. 5 
Calm. 

NE. 4 
NE. 6 


NNW. 12 
WNW. 1 
N. 3 
W. 4 
NW. 1 

S. 10 
S. 9 
E. 12 

ENE. 20 
ENE. 18 

ENE. 8 
WSW. 2 
Calm. 
SW. 5 
W. 3 

N. 9 
SW. 3 
E. 4 
NE. 10 
Calm. 

WNW. 19 
SSW. 2 
E. 10 
ENE. 17 
WNW. 10 

W. 11 

WSW. 4 

NW. 1 
NE. 5 
NNE. 11 


NNW. 9 
NNW. 2 
N. 3 
W. 6 
Calm. 

S. 10 

s. 10 

E. 12 
ENE. 24 
ENE. '21 

ENE. 8 
W. 3 
Calm. 
SW. 6 
W. 1 

N. 11 
SW. 3 
E. 6 
NE. 10 
ENE. 16 

WNW. 17 
S. 3 
ESE. 20 
ENE. 18 
WNW. 8 

W. 11 
WSW. 3 

N. 7 
E. 5 
ENE. 10 


NNW. 9 
WNW. 3 
N. 4 
W. 6 
ENE. 1 

S. 12 
S. 11 
E. 14 
ENE. 25 
ENE. 21 

ENE. 9 
WNW. 4 
Calm. 
SW. 6 
WNW. 3 

N. 11 
SW. 2 
ENE. 8 
NE. 11 
E. 14 

W. 20 
ESE. . 4 
ESE. 26 
ENE. 17 
WNW. 7 

W. 13 
W. 3 

NNE. 7 
ENE. 5 
NE. 12 


NNW. 9 
WNW. 5 
N. 4 
W. 7 
ESE. 1 

S. 12 
S. 11 
E. 15 
ENE. 27 
ENE. 20 

WNW. 7 
Calm. 
SW. 7 
NNE. 8 

N. 9 
SW. 2 
ENE. 10 
NE. 9 
ENE. 15 

WNW. 18 

ESE. . 8 
ESE. 28 
ENE. 16 
W. 5 

W. 15 
W. 3 

NNE. 7 
NE. 4 
NE. 10 


NNW. 7 
N. 5 
N. 4 
W. 7 
ESE. 2 

S. 11 

s. io 

E. 16 

ENE. 27 
ENE. 20 

WNW. 6 
Calm. 

SW. 7 
N. 9 

N. 10 
SSW. 7 
ENE. 11 
NE. 10 
E. 13 

WNW. 17 
ESE. 10 
ESE. 31 
ENE. 13 
W. 8 

W. 16 
W. 1 

NNE. 7 
NE. 6 
E. 12 


NNW. 8 
N. 5 
N. 6 
W. 9 
Calm. 

S. 11 
SSE. 12 
E. 13 
ENE. 29 
ENE. 20 

E. 5 

NW. 7 
WSW. 2 
SW. 7 
N. 10 

N. 11 
SSW. 6 
ENE. 13 
NE. 11 
E. 13 

WNW. 20 
ESE. 11 
ESE. 28 
ENE. 11 
W. 6 

W. 13 
W. 2 

NNE. 8 
E. 5 
ENE. 12 


NW. 8 
N. 5 
N. 5 
W. 8 
ESE. 2 

S. 11 
SSE. 11 
E. 14 
ENE. 30 
ENE. 19 

E. 4 
NW. 6 
WNW. 2 
WSW. 6 

N. 8 

N. 10 
SSW. 6 
ENE. 13 
NE. 8 
E. 13 

W. 17 
ESE. 10 
ESE. 25 
ENE. 8 
WNW. 7 

W. 13 
W. 1 

NNE. 7 
NE. 6 
ENE. 9 


NW. 9 

N. 8 
N. 5 
W. 8 
ESE. 1 

S. 11 
SSE. 13 
E. 14 
ENE. 33 
ENE. 20 

E. 5 

NW. 6 
WNW. 1 
WSW. 5 

N. 10. 

N. 11 
SSW. 6 
NE. 16 
NE. 10 
ESE. 9 

WNW. 16 
ESE. 10 
E. 23 
ENE. 8 
WNW. 7 

W. 13 
W. 3 

NNE. 6 
NNE. 4 
ENE. 11 


NW. 7 

N. 8 
N. 4 
W. 8 
ESE. 2 

SSW. 12 
SSE. 12 
E. 13 
ENE. 30 
ENE. 18 

E. 5 
NW. 6 
WNW. 2 
WSW. 6 
N. 12 

N. 10 
SSW. 8 
NE. 15 
NE. 11 
E. 9 

W. 16 
ESE. 12 
ESE. 24 
NE. 4 
NW. 6 

W. 14 
W. 3 

NNE. 4 
NE. 6 
E. 10 


NW. 7 
N. 5 
N. 5 
W. 9 
SSE. 2 

SSW. 12 
SSE. 10 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 31 
ENE. 16 

E. 3 

NW. 4 
WNW. 4 
WSW. G 

N. 7 

N. 8 
SSW. 5 
NE. 15 
NE. 9 
E. 3 

WNW. 16 
ESE. 11 
ESE. 21 
NE. 2 
WNW. 8 

W. 11 
WSW. 6 
NE. v 2 
N. 6 
ENE. 13 


NW. 3 
N. 5 
N. 6 
W. 6 
SSE. 1 

SSW. 11 
SSE. 9 
ENE. 13 
ENE. 28 
ENE. 15 

E. 1 
NW. 6 
WNW. 3 
W. 4 
NNE. 8 

N. 7 
SSW. 5 
NE. 14 

NE. 8 
ENE. 7 

W. 14 
ESE. 12 
ESE. 18 

NE. 1 
NW. 9 

W. 13 
WSW. 4 
NE. 1 
NNE. 8 
NE. 16 


12. 45 
3.50 

a. ST 

4.79 
3.04 

7. 95 

S.91 

12. 33 

20.12 

20.08 

9.54 
4.08 
1.75 
5.16 

4.20 

9.45 
4.29 
7.41 

11. 75 
8.79 

l:l. 37 
8.04 
17. S3 

12. 62 
5.95 

9.95 
4. 95 
4.16 
5.33 

9. 00 


Means 


7.13 


7.66 


8.76 


9.60 


9.96 


8.96 


10.46 


9.73 


10.06 


9.90 8.96 8.53 S.48 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



281 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of gronnd, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — o 1 ' 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





a. m. 

Direction 

and 
velocity. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m 


4 a. m 

1 




5 a. m. 


6 a. ra 




7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a.m. 


fO a, n: 


m 


1 ! a.m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direcfck 

and 

velocit 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
May 1 
May 2 
May 3 
May 4 
May 5 


NB. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 


17 
16 
23 
13 
17 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 


11 

15 
19 
14 
20 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 


11 
16 
20 

14 
21 


NE. ' 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 


13 
16 
19 
13 
22 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 


11 
16 
14 
14 
22 


ME. 

ENE. 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


9 
15 

11 
14 
16 


ME. 

ENE. 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


9 
16 
14 
12 
17 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


9 
16 
13 

15 
15 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


12 
16 
13 
16 
16 


NE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


13 
16 
12 
15 
20 


NE. 

ENE., 

NE. 

E. 

ESE. 


11 
17 
10 

18 
15 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

SE. 


11 
17 
10 
20 

17 


May 6 
May 7 
May 8 
May 9 
May 10 


ssw. 

ME. 
SSE. 

NE. 

sw. 


6 
27 

4 
11 

5 


SSW. 

NME. 

SSE. 

NE. 

SW. 


111 

25 

8 

13 

7 


SSW. 

NNE. 

S. 

NE. 

SW. 


9 
25 
10 

14 
4 


SSW. 

NNE. 

SW. 

NE. 

SSE. 


12 
25 
11 
16 

2 


SSW. 

NNE. 
SW. 
NE. 
SE. 


5 
24 
14 
16 

1 


SW. 

NNE. 
SW. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


7 
23 
14 

i6 

5 


WSW. 

NNE. 
SW. 

NNE. 
NE. 


8 
25 
14 
19 

5 


WNW. 

NNE. 
SW. 

NNE. 
NE. 


11 
22 
14 
20 
7 


WNW. 

NNE. 
SW. 
NNE. 
NE. 


9 
20 
12 
19 

7 


NW. 

NNE. 
SSW. 
NE. 

E. 


13 
22 
16 
20 
6 


N. 

NNE. 
SW. 
NE. 

ENE. 


13 

22 
11 
21 
4 


NNW. 
NNE. 
SSW. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


17 
20 
10 
16 
5 


May 11 
Ma'v 12 
May 13 
Mav 14 
May 15 


ssw. 

MB. 

ME. 
ENE. 

ENE. 


8 
17 
16 
21 

3 


w. 

NE. 
NE. 
ENE. 

NNW. 


11 
14 
16 
19 
6 


"vTSW. 

NE. 
NE. 
NE. 
NNW 


11 

16 
16 

20 
7 


wsw. 

NE. 
NE. 
NE. 
N. 


8 
12 
15 
21 

8 


W. 

NNE. 
NE. 
NE: 
NNE. 


8 
10 
18 
21 

7 


WNW. 

N. 

NE. 

NE. 

N. 


4 
10 
18 
19 

7 


W. 

NNE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
M. 


6 
12 
18 
16 
10 


NNW. 

N. 

NE. 

NNE. 
N. 


3 
14 
18 
16 
10 


NNW. 
NNE, 
NE. 

NNE. 
N. 


2 
10 
21 
13 
12 


NNW. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

N. 


7 

7 

21 

14 

10 


ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

N. 


6 
5 
24 
11 
15 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNW. 


7 
9 

19 
8 

16 


May 16 
MaV 17 
MaV 18 
May 19 
May 20 


M. 

SSW. 
SW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 


20 
11 
17 
12 
16 


NNW. 

SSW. 

SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


15 
12 
16 
8 
15 


NNW. 

SSW. 

SW. 

ssw. 
s. 


15 
13 
16 

9 
12 


NNW. 

SSW. 

SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


13 
13 
13 
10 
11 


NW. 
SSW. 
SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


9 
12 
17 
12 
10 


NW. 
SW. 
SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


9 
15 
16 
11 

6 


NW. 
SW. 

SW. 
SW. 

s. 


7 
15 
15 

8 
4 


NW. * 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SSW. 


8 
13 
16 

8 
5 


NW. 
SW. 
SW. 
SW. 
SSW. 


9 
13 
14 

9 

4 


NW. 
SW. 
SW. 
SW. 

ssw. 


7 

16 

13 

4 

3 


NW. 

SW. 
SW. . 

SSW. 
SSW. 


8 
16 
12 

6 

2 


NW. 
SW. 
SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


4 
19 
14 

7 
2 


May 21 
MaV 22 
MaV 23 
May 24 
May 25 


sw. 

E. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


1 
11 
14 
10 
10 


SW. 

E. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 


2 
10 
16 

9 

8 


sw. 

ESE. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SW. 


5 

10 

19 

8 

6 


SW. 

ESE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 


3 
11 
16 
12 

7 


NW. 
ESE. 
SE. 

SSE. 
SW. 


1 

11 
16 
10 

7 


Calm. 

ESE. 
SE. 
SSE. 
WSW. 


10 

16 

6 

4 


ESE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 


4 

10 

14 

9 

5 


E. 

ESE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 


3 
11 
19 

8 

2 


NE. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SSW. 

Calm. 


4 
12 
14 

8 


E. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SSW. 

Calm. 


5 
12 
16 

7 


E. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

Calm. 


,5 
11 
17 

7 


E. 

ESE. 
SSE. 
SW. 
SSE. 


4 
12 
16 

I 7 
4 


Mav 26 

MaV 27 
MaV 28 
May 29 
May 30 


ME. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NME. 

E. 


6 

6 

8 

13 

IS 


ENE. 
ENE. 

«ESE. 
NME. 
E. 


5 
1! 

9 
12 
16 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


6 
12 

6 
12 
16 


ENE. 
■ENE. 
ESE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


4 
10 

8 
13 
20 


MME. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


4 
10 

6 
13 
19 


ME. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


2 

8 

6 

14 

21 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NNE. 
E. 


3 

6 

8 
16 

21 


ME. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

E. 


3 
6 

4 
16 
22 


NNE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

E. 


3 

6 

4 

19 

20 


MNE. 

E. 

Calm. 

NE. 
E. 


4 
7 

22 

19 


NE. 
SE. 
Calm. 

NE. 
E. 


6 
10 

20 
19 


NE. 

ESE. 

Calm. 

NE. 

E. 


5 
10 

22 
21 


May 31 
Means . 


E. 


18 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


16 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


19 


E. 


18 


E. 


14 


E. 


16 


E. 


14 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


12.74 




12.61 


12.87 


12.67 


12.06 


11.32 


11.74 


11.64 


11.38 


11.64 


11.48 


11.67 





1 p. m 




2 p. m 




3p.m 




4 p. m 




5 p. m 




Op. m 




7 p. m 




8 p. m 




9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 






















































Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
May 1 
May 2 
May 3 
May 4 
May 5 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

SE. 


12 
18 
11 
19 
11 


NE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
ESE. 
SE. 


12 
20 
14 
19 
9 


ME. 

ENE. 
E. 
E. 
S. 


16 
21 
16 
17 
6 


ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


16 
24 
16 
20 
11 


ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 

SW. 


17 
24 
14 
20 
15 


ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 

WSW. 


16 
27 
15 
20 
13 


ENE. 
ENE. 
E. 

ESE. 
SW. 


17 
26 
16 
18 
11 


ENE. 

ENE. 
E. 

ESE. 
SSW. 


19 

25 
16 

20 
10 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
SSW. 


17 
28 
17 
17 
12 


ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
B 

ssw. 


18 
24 
16 
17 
13 


ENE. 

ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 
SW. 


16 
24 
16 
15 
13 


ENE. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 

SW. 


16 

24 
17 
16 
12 


13.76 

19.87 
15.08 
16.50 
14.75 


May 6 

MaV 7 
MaV 8 
MaV 9 
May 10 


N. 
NNE. 

sw. 

NE. 
NE. 


16 
24 

7 
19 

4 


N. 

NNE. 

SW. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


17 
20 

7 
24 

4 


N. 

NNE. 

SW. 

NNE. 

W. 


18 

17 

5 

19 

7 


NNE. 
NE. ■ 
SW. 
NNE. 
WNW. 


18 
14 
3 
12 
10 


N. 

E. 

SE. 

NNE. 

WNW. 


20 
14 

1 
12 

8 


N. 

E. 

SE. 

SE. 

W. 


22 

12 

6 

3 

9 


NNE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
Calm. 
WSW. 


24 
10 

7 

8 


NNE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
W. 

w. 


24 
7 
7 
5 
8 


NNE. 

SE. 

ESE. 

W. 

WSW. 


23* 
7 
9 
6 

7 


NNE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 

WNW 

SW. 


24 

6 

7 

8 


NNE. 

SSE. 

ENE. 

SW. 

SSW. 


24 
5 
6 

7 
8 


NNE. 

SSE. 

NE. 

SW. 

SSW. 


24 
4 
9 
5 

7 


15.58 
17.08 

8.83 
13.33 

6.08' 


May 11 

MaV 12 
May 13 
May 14 
May 15 


NE. 
NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
NNW. 


8 
8 

25 
3 

16 


N. 

NE. 

MB. 

SE. 

N. 


12 

8 
23 

3 
18 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

SW. 

NNW. 


16 
7 

24 
3 

18 


NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
SW. 

NNW. 


16 
10 
25 

4 
21 


NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
S. 

N. 


16 
11 
25 
3 
23 


ME. 
NE. 
ENE. 
SSW. 

N. 


15 
15 

24 

5 

23 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
WNW. 

N. 


10 
16 
23 
4 
24 


NNE. 
ENE. ■ 

WNW. 

N. 


14 
16 
24 
3 
19 


NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

NNW. 


16 

14 

24 

1 

19 


NNE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 

N. 


17 

16 

24 

1 

17 


NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
NW. 

NNW. 


15 

10 

22 

1 

15 


NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 

N. 


16 
15 
20 

1 
18 


10.50 

12.00 
20.96 
9. 62 
14. 25 


May 1'6 
May 17 
Mav 18 
MaV 19 
May 20 


WNW. 

SW. 
SW. 

ssw. 
ssw. 


5 

20 

14 

8 

3 


WNW. 

SSW. 

SW. 

SSW. 

S. 


5 

20 
12 

7 
7 


WNW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SSW. 

SW. 


5 
21 
12 

8 
10 


W. 

SW. 
SW. 
SW. 
SW. 


5 

17 

12 

9 

6 


WSW. 

SW. 
SW. 

s. 

SW. 


6 

20 

11 

8 

6 


WSW. 

SW. 

WSW. 

s. 

SW. 


8 
24 

8 
11 

4 


WSW. 

ssw. 

SW. 

s. 

SW. 


9 

20 

11 

12 

7 


SW. 

SSW. 

SW. 

S. 

SW. 


9 
19 

9 
11 

4 


SW. 
SW. 
SW. 

s. 

SW. 


10 
17 

8 
11 

5 


SW. 
SW. 
SW. 

SW. 


10 
19 
9 

12 
2 


SSW. 

SW. 

SW. 

s. 
sw. 


9 

17 

12 

12 

2 


SSW. 
SW. 

ssw. 
s. 

Calm. 


11 
15 
11 
12 


9.41 
16. 54 
12. 83 
9.41 
6.08 


May 21 
May 22 
May 23 
May 24 
MaV 25 


E. 
SE. 

SSE. 
SW. 
SSE. 


3 
12 
19 
13 

4 


E. 
ESE. 

SSE. 

sw. 

SSE. 


4 
12 
19 
14 

3 


E. 

SE. 
SSE. 
SW. 
SSE. 


4 
12 
20 
14 

4 


E. 

E. 

SSE. 

WSW. 

SSE. 


4 
15 
20 
12 

2 


E. 

ESE. 
SSE. 
WSW. 
SSE. 


5 
15 
18 
11 

2 


E. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 

Calm. 


6 
15 
17 
12 


E. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

WSW. 

Calm. 


6 
15 
15 
12 


E. 

ESE. 
SSE. 
WSW. 

NNE. 


6 
15 
14 

8 
6 


E. 

SE. 

S. 

WSW. 

NNE. 


7 
15 
15 
10 

6 


E. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NNE. 


8 
16 
16 
10 

5 


ESE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 
SW. 
NE. 


10 
18 
14 
13 
5 


E. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SW. 

NE. 


10 
JG 
12 
10 
4 


4.58 
12.79 
16. 33 
10.1)0 

3.91 


May 26 
MaV 27 
Ma'y 28 
MaV 29 
May 30 


NNE. 

SE. 

Calm. 

NE. 

E. 


6 

7 

24 
26 


NNE. 

ESE. 

Calm. 

NE. 

E. 


5 

7 

22 
30 


NNE. 

ESE. 

NNW. 

NE. 

E. 


7 

8 

3 

25 

24 


NE. 
ESE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


7 
10 

4 
25 
28 


NNE. 

ESE. 

N. 

NE. 

E. 


6 
10 

4 
27 
25 


NNE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

E. 


2 
10 

6 
26 
24 


NE. 

E. 

ENE. 

NE. 
ENE. 


5 
10 

7 
28 
24 


NE. 

SE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 


8 
10 

6 
25 
22 


NE. 

SE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
E. 


5 

7 

9 

26 

22 


NE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

E. 


10 

7 

9 

21 

20 


ENE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

E. 

E. 


5 
7 
It 
23 
22 


ENE. 

SE. 

NNE. 

E. 

E. 


6 

8 
12 
20 
20 


5.12 

8.46 

5.41 

20.17 

21.16 


May 31 


E. 


11 


E. 


9 


ENE. 


9 


NE. 


11 


NE. 


11 


ENE. 


9 


NNE. 


11 


NE. 


12 


NE. 


10 


ENE. 


8 


N. 


K 


NNE. 





13. OS 


Means . 


12.12 


12.45 


12. 77 


13.12 


13.16 


12.80 


13.09 


12.93 


12.90 


12. 80 


12.61 


12.4 


5 


12.37 



282 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17™. Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





l.a. m. 


2 a, m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a. m. 


7 a. m. 


S a.m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


, Direction 

and 

'velocity. 


Direction i Direction 

and and 
velocity. velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
June 1 
June 2 
June 3 
June 4 

Juno 5 
June 6 
June 7 
June 8 
■ June 9 

June 10 
June 11 
June 12 
June 13 
June 14 

June 15 
Juno 16 
June 17 
June 18 
June 19 

June 20 
June 21 
June 22 
June 23 
June 24 

June 25 
June 26 
June 27 
June 28 
June 29 

June 30 


NNE. 12 
WNW. 13 

NNW. 7 
NW. 7 

SSW. 4 
WSW. 9 
SW. 8 
ENE. 12 
E. • 17 

ESE. 13 
ESE. 6 
NE. 15 

ENE. 14 
NE. 21 

ESE. 13 
NNE. 9 
NNE. 8 
N. 5 
E. 15 

ENE. 12 
NE. 17 
NNE. 12 
ENE. 15 
ENE. 24 

ENE. 32 
ENE. 23 
ESE. 10 
ESE. 17 
ENE. 7 

ESE. 16 


NNE. 11 
NW. 14 

NNE. 5 
WNW. 6 

S. 3 
WSW. 8 
WSW. 5 
ESE. 13 
ENE. 17 

ESE. 11 
E. 8 

NNE. 14 
ENE. 14 
ENE. 20 

ENE. 13 
NE. 9 
NNE. 6 
N. 4 
NNE. 10 

ENE. 12 
NE. 17 

NNE. 14 
NE. 12 
ENE. 28 

ENE. 30 
ENE. 23 
ESE. 10 
E. 19 

NNE. 7 

SE. 1 


NNE. 8 
NW. 9 
NNE. 4 
WNW. 7 

SSW. 6 
WSW. 6 
WSW. 4 
ENE. 12 
E. ' 19 

ESE. 10 
ENE. 8 
NNE. 13 
ENE. 13 
ENE. 22 

ENE. 14 
NNE. 10 
NNE. 5 
NNE. 9 
E. 14 

ENE. 12 
NE. 17 
NNE. 12 
NE. 15 
ENE. 28 

ENE. 28 
ENE. 23 
ESE. 10 
E. 16 
NE. 7 

SSE. 12 


NNE. 8 
NW. 12 
NNE. 4 
WNW. 7 

S. 5 
SW. 3 
WSW. 4 
ENE. 14 
E. 17 

ESE. 11 
"P 8 
NNE. 12 
ENE. 11 
ENE. 20 

E. 14 

NE 8 
NNE. 4 
NNE. 9 
E. 14 

ENE. 13 
NE. 16 
NE. 14 
NE. 11 
ENE. 31 

ENE. ?8 
ENE. 22 
ESE. 9 
ESE. 14 
NE. 9 

WSW. 14 


N. 6 
NW. 14 
NNW. 7 
NW. 7 

S. 6 
SSW. 6 
WSW. 2 
NE. 14 
ENE. 17 

ESE. 11 
ESE. 6 
NNE. 12 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 20 

*ENE. 11 

NE. 8 
NNE. 4 
NNE. 8 
ENE. 15 

ENE. 14 
NE. 17 
NNE. 13 
NE. 14 
ENE. 29 

ENE. 29 
ENE. 20 
ESE. 8 
ESE. 15 
ENE. 10 

W. 1 


N. 9 
NNW. 16 
NNW. 6 
NNW. 8 

SSE. 5 
S. 4 
WSW. 1 
ENE. 13 
E. 15 

ESE. 11 
ESE. U 
NNE. 14 
E. 11 
ENE. 16 

ENE. 10 
NE. 6 
NNE. 5 
NNE. 8 
ENE. 14 

ENE. 11 
NE. 16 
NE. 12 
NE. 14 
ENE. 29 

ENE. 30 
ENE. 17 
ESE. 6 
ESE. 11 
E. 10 

WSW. 6 


N. 7 
NW. 9 
N. 8 
WNW. 6 

SSE. 8 
S. 10 
Calm. 

ENE. 12 
E. 18 

SE. 13 
ENE. 3 

NNE. 16 
ESE. 9 
ENE. 13 

ENE. 8 
NNE. 6 
NNE. 6 
NNE. 8 
ENE. 16 

NE. 12 
ENE. 16 
NE. 11 

NE. 16 
ENE. 32 

ENE. 27 
ENE. 19 
SE. 3 
ESE. 12 
ESE. 10 

SW. 1 


N. 7 
NNW. 10 
NNW. 9 
NW. 7 

SE. 8 
SSW. 9 
NNE. 6 

ENE. 12 
E. 16 

SE. 12 
E. 4 
NNE. 14 
ESE. 6 
ENE. 13 

NE. 7 

NNE. 6 
NNE. 3 
NE. 10 
ENE. 13 

ENE. 11 
ENE. 14 
NE. 13 
ENE. 17 
ENE. 30 

ENE. 26 
ENE. 18 
SE. 3 
ESE. 7 
ESE. 8 

SSW. 6 


N. 9 
NW. 10 

NNW. 7 
W. 7 

SE. 11 
S. 14 
NE. 6 
E. 12 
E. 15 

SE. 10 
ENE. 6 
N. 12 
ESE. 7 
E. 12 

NE. 7 
NNE. 8 
NNE. 5 
NE. 10 
E. 13 

ENE. 13 
NE. 14 
NE. 13 
ENE. 18 
ENE. 33 

ENE. 23 
ENE. 19 
SSE. 5 
ESE. 8 
SE. 8 

SSW. 6 


N. 8 
NW. 8 
N. 6 
WSW. 6 

SSE. 8 
S. 13 
NE. 8 
ENE. 15 
E. 17 

SE. 10 
NNE. 6 

N. 12 
ESE. 7 
E. 13 

NE. 8 

NNE. 6 
NNE. 4 
NNE. 10 
ENE. 12 

ENE. 13 
ENE. 12 
NE. 14 
ENE. 16 
ENE. 31 

ENE. 23 
E. 20 
ESE. 4 
ESE. 11 
SW. 12 

SW. 15 


NNW. 8 
NW. 7 
N. 9 
NW. 5 

SE. 8 
S. 12 
ENE. 7 
ENE. 15 
E. 15 

SE. 8 
NE. 6 
NNE. 10 
SE. 9 
E. 14 

ENE. 11 
NE. 6 
NNE. 5 
NNE. 10 
ENE. 13 

ENE. 11 
NE. 14 
NE. 11 
NE. 14 
ENE. 28 

ENE. 27 
E. 19 
ESE. 8 
ESE. 9 
SW. 5 

SW. 16 


NNW. 8 
NNW. 8 
NNW. 8 
WNW. 5 

SE. 8 
S. 12 
E. 6 
ENE. 15 
E. 16 

SE. 8 

NNE. 8 
NNE. 12 
SSE. 10 
ENE. 12 

ENE. 11 
NE. 7 
N. 5 
NNE. 11 
NE. 12 

NE. 10 
NE. 13 
ENE. 11 
NE. 14 
ENE. 30 

ENE. 25 
E. 21 
E. 11 
SE. 8 
WSW. 4 

SW. 11 


Means . 


12.73 


12.33 


12.43 


12.20 


11. 86 11. 33 


11.16 


10.83 


11.36 


11.60 


11.33 


11.33 




1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


7 p. m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
mean ve- 
locity. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
June 1 
June 2 
June 3 
JTune 4 

June 5 
June 6 
June 7 
June 8 
t June 9 

June 10 
June 11 
Juue 12 
June 13 
June 14 

June 15 
June 16 
Juue 17 
June 18 
June 19 

June 20 
June 21 
June 22 
June 23 
June 24 

June 25 
June 26 
June 27 
June 28 
June 29 

June 30 


NNW. 6 
NNW. 8 
NW. 4 
.WSW. 1 

SE. 10 
S. 13 
ENE. 6 
E. 14 
ENE. ■ 16 

SE. 6 

NNE. 6 
N. 11 
SSE. 13 
E. 14 

E. 11 
NNE. 8 
N. 5 
NNE. 11 
ENE. 11 

ENE. 11 
NNE. 13 
ENE. 11 
NE. 13 
ENE, 36 

E. 26 
ESE. 22 
E. 15 
S. 12 
SW. 7 

WSW. 11 


WNW. 6 ■ 

NNW. 2 
NW. 5 
W. 5 

SE. 9 
S. 16 
E. 7 
E. 15 
E. 14 

ESE. 6 
NNE. 7 
NNE. 11 
SSE. 9 
E. 15 

NE. 10 
NNE. 7 
N. 6 
NNE. 11 
NE. 11 

NE. 10 
NE. 12 
ENE. 12 
NE. 16 
ENE. 35 

ENE. 23 
E. 20 
ESE. 14 
S. 12 
WSW. 7 

WSW. 13 


W. 7 

NW. 3 
NNW. 9 
WSW. 5 

SE. 10 
S. IS 
ENE. 7 
E. 16 
ENE. 16 

ESE. 7 
ENE. 7 
NNE. 9 
SE. 12 
E. 16 

ENE. 11 
NE. 8 
N. 7 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 11 

NE. 13 
NE. 12 
ENE. 13 
ENE. 16 
ENE. 34 

ENE. 21 
E. 19 
E. 15 

SW. 12 
WSW. 5 

SW. 14 


W. 9 
WNW. 5 
NNW. 6 
W. 5 

SE. 11 
SSW. 14 
NE. 8 
E. 16 
ENE. 17 

E. 6 
NE. 6 

NNE. 8 
SE. 10 
E. 14 

NE. 11 
E. 7 
N. 7 
NE. 16 

NE. 12 

NE. 13 
NE. 13 
NE. 13 
ENE. 19 
ENE. 32 

ENE. 27 
E. 19 
E. 15 
SW. 6 
WSW. 2 

WSW. 13 


W. 11 
NW. 3 
WNW. 7 
WNW. 4 

SSE. 10 
SW. 8 
ENE. 9 
ENE. 14 

ENE. 18 

ENE. 6 
NNE. 10 
NNE. 7 
ESE. 15 
E. 12 

ENE. 10 
NNE. 7 
N. 5 
ENE. 14 
ENE. 15 

NE. 13 
NNE. 15 
NE. 13 
E. 22 
ENE. 31 

ENE. 24 
E. 17 
E. 19 
WSW. 6 
S. 1 

SW. 12 


WSW. 12 
NW. 2 
NW. 8 
WSW. 6 

SSW. 8 
SW. 9 
E. 11 
E. 15 
E. 16 

ENE. 8 

NNE. 11 
NNE. ' 8 
E. 10 
E. 12 

NNE. 9 
NNE. 8 
NNW. 6 
ENE. 16 
ENE. 14 

NE. 14 
NNE. 15 
NE. 14 
E. 23 
ENE. 30 

E. 28 
E. 16 
ESE. 17 
WSW. 6 
SSE. 9 

SW. 13 


WSW. 12 
Calm. 
NW. 11 
WNW. 4 

SSW. 8 
SW. 7 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 15 
E. 18 

E. 8 
NNE. 12 
NNE. 11 
E. 17 
E. 13 

NNE. 10 i 
NNE. 11 : 
NNW. 6 
E. 17 ! 
ENE. 14 

NE. 16 
NNE. 12 
NE. 13 ! 
E. 25 

ENE. 32 

ENE. 24 
E. 17 
E. 18 
NW. 4 
NW. 9 

WSW. 14 


WSW. 15 
NNE. 5 
NNW. 10 
WSW. 4 

SSW. 7 
SW. 10 
ENE. 12 
ENE. 15 
E. 16 

ESE. 6 
NNE. 13 
ENE. 13 
E. 20 
ENE. 12 

NE. 10 
NNE. 12 
NNW. 7 
E. 16 
ENE. 14 

NE. 16 
NNE. 13 
NE. 13 
E. 27 
ENE. 30 

E. 23 
E. 12 
ESE. 20 
N. 6 
NW. 4 

WSW. 12 


WSW. 14 
N. 4 
WNW. 9 
WNW. 2 

SSW. 6 
WSW. 8 
ENE. 12 
E. 16 

ESE. 17 

E. 5 
NNE. 12 

NNE. 12 
E. 20 
ENE. 12 

ENE. 11 

NNE. 11 
NNW. 
ENE. 16 
E. 15 

NNE. 14 
NNE. 14 
NE. 14 
E. 26 
ENE. 29 

ENE. 24 
ENE. 12 
E. 19 
NNW. 6 
NW. 2 

WSW. 12 


W. 13 
N. 3 

NNW. 8 
WSW. 2 

SSW. 6 
WSW. 7 
ENE. 13 
E. 17 
ESE. 15 

ENE. 4 
NNE. 14 
NE. 12 
E. 19 
E. 13 

ENE. 11 
NNE. 5 
NNW. 6 
ENE. 16 
E. 16 

NNE. 16 
NNE. 13 
NE. 16 
E. 25 
ENE. 31 

ENE. 23 
ENE. 13 
E. 20 
NNE. 8 
NW. 1 

WSW. 9 


W. 15 
N. 4 
NW. 8 
W. 3 

SSW. 7 
SW. 11 
ENE. 14 
E. 17 
ESE. 16 

ENE. 6 
NE. 15 
ENE. 14 
E. 18 
E. 14 

ENE. 10 
NNE. 8 
NN W. 6 
ENE. 16 
E. 16 

NNE. 14 
NNE. 12 
ENE. 15 
E. 24 
ENE. 31 

ENE. 24 
E. 14 
E. 20 
NNE. 8 
ESE. 2 

WSW. 4 


WNW. 14 
N. 3 
WNW. 6 
W. 3 

S. 7 
SW. 7 
ENE. 12 
E. 16 

ESE. 14 

E. 5 

NE. 15 
NE. 14 
ENE. 19 
E. 14 

NE. 10 
N. 8 
NNW. 4 
ENE. 16 
ENE. 16 

NE. 15 
NNE. 12 
ENE. 15 
ENE. 24 
ENE. 29 

ENE. 21 
ESE. 13 
E. 18 
NE. 8 
ESE. 11 

W. 7 


9.79 
7.16 
7.12 
5.08 

7.45 

9.66 

7.50 

14.79 

16.33 

8.37 
11.91 

8.45 
12.95 
14.87 

10.46 

7.87 

5.58 

11.62 

13.83 

12.87 
14.12 
13.00 
18.16 
30.54 

25.66 
18.25 
12.37 
10.04 
6.54 

9.95 


Me ans . 


11.70 


11.53 


12.10 


12.00 


11.93 


12.33 


13.00 


13.10 


12.66 


12.50 


12.88 


12.80 


12.04 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



283 



Statement shotting the direction and velocity of the wind at Uglaamie front October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. n 


. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a.m. 


7 a. in . 


8 a. m. 


9 a.m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velociiy. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 
and 

velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


1883. 
Julv 1 
July 2 
Julv 3 
July 4 


SW. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

E. 


7 

9 

12 

9 


WSW. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 


6 

9 
12 

8 


WSW. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 


3 

8 

10 

7 


Calm. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
E. 


7 

11 

1 


Calm. 

ENE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


7 
9 
5 


Calm. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


7 
9 
6 


WNW. 
NE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


4 

6 

11 

5 


WNW. 

NE. 

E. 

SW. 


3 

7 

10 

5 


NNW. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


2 

7 

12 

5 


Calm. 
E. 

ESE. 
SW. 


9 

7 
4 


NNW. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


2 

12 

8 

6 


NNW. 
E. 

ESE. 
SW. 


1 

7 
5 
5 


Julv 5 
July 6 
July 7 
July 8 
July 9 


wsw. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
SE. 
W. 


9 
13 

"8 
9 

4 


WSW. 

ENE. 

E. 

ESE. 
W. 


7 
13 
10 
12 

3 


WSW. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

S. 

Calm. 


8 
13 
10 

12 


WSW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

S. 

SSE. 


9 
13 

9 

17 

1 


WSW. 

E. 

E. 

S. 

SE. 


8 
15 

7 
14 

1 


WSW. 

ENE. 

E. 

S. 
SE. 


7 
15 

8 
20 
3 


WSW. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

SW. 

SE. 


7 
14 

6 
23 

5 


WSW. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

NE. 


7 
16 
10 
19 

2 


WSW. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

SW. 

ENE. 


6 
18 
10 
21 

6 


-wsw. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

ENE. 


5 
18 
11 
22 

"8 


WSW. 
E. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

E. 


5 
19 
14 
21 

9 


WSW. 

E. 

SE. 

WSW. 

E. 


5 
13 

14 
21 

11 


July 10 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


20 

18 

22 

8 

8 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


20 
20 
15 

7 
2 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

WSW. 


20 

19 

14 

5 

5 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


20 
20 
14 
5 
3 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

WNW. 


19 

18 

12 

4 

3 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

WSW. 


20 

16 

12 

5 

3 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


22 

19 

11 

5 

3 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

E 

SW. 


23 

19 
11 
4 
4 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

E. 

W. 


23 

23 

11 

3 

4 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

E. 

WNW. 


24 

21 

10 

5 

5 


NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 


22 
20 
9 
5 
4 


NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

WSW. 


22 

20 

8 

5 


July 15 
July 16 
Jul'v 17 i 
July 18 
July 19 


HW. 

N. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

NE. 


2 
8 
4 
14 
4 


ESE. 

N. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 


2 
8 
5 
12 
6 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

E. 

NE. 


2 
9 
6 
11 
5 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ESE. 

ENE. 


5 
9 
6 
13 
4 


NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NNE. 


3 
9 
3 

11 
8 


NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
NE. 


4 
8 
2 
8 
6 


NNE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 


3 
8 
3 
8 
6 


N NE. 

NE. 
ENE. 
SE. 
ESE. 


4 
12 
3 
8 
9 


NNE. 

NE. 
ENE. 
SE. 
ESE. 


6 
12 
4 
7 
5 


N. 

NE. 

ENE. 

SE. 

NE. 


6 
9 

5 
9 
4 


NNE. 

NNE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

NE. 


3 

8 

5 

6 

10 


N. 

ENE. 

SE. 

SE. 

ENE. 


8 
5 
6 
9 


July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 23 
July 24 


NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 
NE. 


20 
13 
12 
15 
13 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


19 
12 
13 
16 
13 


ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 
NE. 
ENE. 


11 
11 
12 
12 
12 


E. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


16 
13 
13 
14 

12 


ENE. 
NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


17 
11 
8 
15 
11 


ENE. 

ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


16 
11 
13 

14 
12 


E. 

NE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 


16 
10 
13 
11 
12 


E. 

ENE. 
NE. 
NNE. 
ENE. 


16 

10 
13 

9 
11 


E. 
NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


16 
8 

10 
9 

10 


E. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 


14 
10 
13 
10 
10 


NNE. 
NNE. 

NNE. 
ENE. 


12 

11 

12 

9 

9 


E. 

NE. . 
NNE. ' 
NNE. 
ENE. 


14 
1C 
13 
8 
10 


July 25 
July 26 
July 27 
July 28 
July 29 


ENE. 

ENE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 


10 

12 
16 
21 
26 


E. 
E. 
E. 
E. 
ENE. 


10 

14 
15 
20 
23 


ENE. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 


9 
12 
12 
20 

22 


NE. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

NE. 


8 
12 
10 
22 
21 


NE. 
E. 

E. 
E. 

ENE. 


6 

9 

10 

18 

20 


NE. 

P 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


8 
10 
10 
15 
22 


NE. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


7 
10 
12 
17 
22 


NE. 
E. 
E. 
E. 

ENE. 


8 
11 
12 
16 
22 


NE. 

E. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


8 
11 
12 
16 
22 


ENE. 
ESE. 

ENE. 

E. 

ENE. 


7 
11 
15 
17 
22 


NE. 
ESE. 

ENE. 

■CI 

ENE. 


7 
10 
16 
19 
24 


NNE. 
SE. 

E. 
ENE. 

NE. 


8 

9 

17 

22 

25 


July 30 
July 31 


NE. 
ENE. 


20 
20 


ENE. 
ENE. 


20 
20 


ENE. 
ENE. 


22 
21 


ENE. 

ENE. 


19 
19 


NE. 
ENE. 


19 
18 


ENE. 
ENE. 


17 
19 


NE. 
ENE. 


19 
21 


NE. 
ENE. 


16 
20 


NE. 
ENE. 


19 
20 


NE. 
ENE. 


18 
19 


ENE. 
ENE. 


18 

20 


NE. 
ENE. 


17 
2C 


Means - 


12.29 




12.00 




11.06 




11.16 




10.25 




10.51 




10.93 




10.96 




10.51 




11.22 




11.45 




11.19 







1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


7 p.m. 


S p.m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. 


XL. 


Daily 




















































Date. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


'Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


Direction 

and 
velocity. 


mean ve- 
locity. 


1883. 
July 1 
July 2 
July 3 
July 4 


NNW. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
SW. 


1 

13 

5 

4 


NNW. 
ESE. 
SSW. 
WSW. 


1 

11 
1 
6 


NNW. 
ESE. 
SW. 
WSW. 


3 

12 
5 
5 


N. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

WSW. 


6 
16 

4 
5 


NNE. 
ESE. 
WSW. 
WSW. 


8 
9 
6 

7 


NNE. 
ESE. 
WSW. 
WSW. 


8 
5 
6 

8. 


NNE. 
NW. 
N. 
WSW. 


11 
6 
3 
9 


ENE. 
ESE. 
N. 
WSW. 


11 
2 
3 
9 


ENE. 
ESE. 
N. 
WSW. 


9 
7 
7 
9 


ENE. 
ESE. 

NNE. 
WSW. 


9 
9 
8 
9 


E. 

ESE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


11 

10 

9 

9 


ENE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 
WSW. 


10 

8 

10 

10 


4.8? 
8.45 
7.62 
6.50 


July 5 
July 6 
July 7 
July 8 
July 9 


WSW. 

E. 

ESE. 

WSW. 

E. 


3 

20 
16 
24 
13 


WSW. 

E. 

SSE. 

w. 

E. 


4 
18 
13 

26 

12 


WSW. 

ESE. 

SSE. 

w. 

ENE. 


3 

18 
11 
24 
11 


w. 

E. 

S. 

w. 

ENE. 


5 
15 

12 
22 
13 


N. 

TP 

SSW. 

w. 

ENE. 


5 
11 
16 
18 

14 


N. 
E. 
S. 
WSW. 

NNE. 


5 
11 
16 

17 
15 


NNE. 

E. 

S. 

WSW. 

ENE. 


6 

8 

17 

15 

17 


NNE. 

E. 

S. 

W. 

NE. 


9 

8 

13 

15 

16 


NE. 
NE. 
SSE. 
W. 

NNE. 


11 
8 
15 
15 
18 


ENE. 
NE. 
SSE. 
WSW. 

NNE. 


14 
7 
13 
13 
18 


E. 
ENE. 

SSE. 

W. 

NE. 


14 
8 
11 
10 
16 


E. 

E. 

ESE. 

W. 

NNE. 


14 
9 

10 
8 

18 


7.33 
13.37 
11.66 
17.41 

9.75 


July 10 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 


NNE. 

NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

WSW. 


24 

16 

8 

3 

6 


NE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

WSW. 


24 

17 

8 

5 

5 


NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
WSW. 


27 

16 

8 

5 

4 


NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
WNW. 
W. 


27 

16 

7 

4 

4 


NE. 
NNE. 

N. 
W. 
WNW. 


24 
17 
8 
3 
6 


NE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

WNW. 

WNW. 


28 

16 

7 

6 

5 


NE. 

NNE. 

N. 

W. 

WNW. 


27 

18 

8 

6 

3 


NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
W. 
NW. 


24 
16 
8 
6 
2 


NE. 
NNE. 
N. 
WSW. 

w. 


23 

16 

7 

6 

3 


NNE. 
NNE. 
N. 
W. 

N. 


21 

16 
8 
7 
5 


NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 
WSW. 
N. 


17 

16 

8 

6 

4 


NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

WSW. 

NNE. 


20 
16 

8 

4 
8 


22.54 

17.87 

10.08 

5.08 

4.12 


July 15 

July 16 
July 17 
July 18 
July 19 


N. 

ENE. 

SE. 

SE. 

NE. 


5 

8 
4 
4 
12 


N. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


8 
9 
8 
5 
12 


N. 

E. 

ESE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


.7 
9 
7 
6 
14 


N. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

N. 

ENE. 


8 

10 

9 

9 

16 


N. 

ENE. 

ESE. 

NE. 

ENE. 


8 
9 

11 
8 

16 


N. 

E. 

E. 

NNE. 

NE. 


8 
8 

12 
6 

13 


N. 
ENE. 

"P 

NNE. 
ENE. 


9 

9 
12 

7 
15 


NNE. 

NNE. 

E. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


7 
7 

12 
6 

16 


NNE. 

NNE. 

E. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


8 

8 

13 

8 
14 


NNE. 

NNE. 

E. 

NNE. 

ENE. 


8 
6 

14 
6 

18 


NNE. 

N. 

■p 

NNE. 
ENE. 


9 

7 
15 

5 
19 


N. 
NE. 

NNE. 

NE. 


7 
6 

15 
5 

17 


5.79 
8.50 
7.62 
7.83 
10.75 


July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
Julv 23 
July 24 


E. 

NE. 

NNE. 

N. 
ENE. 


14 
11 
15 
8 
10 


ENE. 
NE. 

NE. 

N. 

ENE. 


14 

10 

19 

8 

6 


E. 

NNE. 
NE. 
N. 
NNE. 


16 
12 

17 
9 

7 


ENE. 

NNE. 

ENE. 

N. 

NNE. 


18 

10 

18 

7 

9 


p 

NNE. 
ENE. 

N. 
NNE. 


18 
12 
18 
8 
10 


- NNE. 
NNE. 
N. 

NNE. 


17 
13 
19 
6 
10 


E. 
NE. 

NNE. 

N. 

NNE. 


16 
14 
18 
7 
11 


ESE. 

NE. 
NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 


16 
13 
18 
10 
12 


E. 
NE. 

NNE. 
NNE. 
NNE. 


16 
12 
18 
12 

12 


ENE. 
ENE. 

NE. 
NE. 

NE. 


15 
13 
18 
13 

14 


ENE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NNE. 
ENE. 


16 
12 
17 
14 

14 


E. 

NE. 
NNE. 
NE. 
ENE. 


13 
11 
16 
14 
13 


15.66 
11.37 
14.83 
10.75 
10.95 


July 25 

July 26 
July 27 
Jul'v 28 
July 29 


NNE. 
ESE. 

■p 

ENE. 

NE. 


9 
12 

17 
22 
20 


E. 

ESE. 
E. 
ENE. 

NE. 


9 
11 
17 
21 
20 


ENE. 
E. 

E. 
E. 
NE. 


9 
12 
18 
23 
21 


NNE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 

NE. 


12 
15 
20 
23 
22 


NNE. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 


11 
14 
20 
21 
22 


NNE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 


10 
15 
21 
22 
20 


NNE. 
E. 

ENE. 

NE. 


9 
16 
21 
23 
22 


NNE. 

ESE. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


12 
16 
23 
22 
20 


NNE. 

E. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

NE. 


10 
17 
24 
24 
22 


ENE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 

ENE. 


14 
19 
24 
25 
22 


ENE. 

E. 

E. 

ENE. 

NE. 


13 
16 
23 
25 
22 


ENE. 
ESE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
NE. 


12 
16 
21 
24 
20 


9.41 
12.91 
16.91 
21.58 
21.70 


July 30 
July 31 


ENE. 
E. 


19 
22 


ENE. 
E. 


18 

122 


NE. 
ENE. 


19 
23 


ENE. 
ENE. 


20 
26 


ENE. 
ENE. 


21 
25 


ENE. 


22 
25 


ENE. 
ENE. 


20 
22 


E. 

ENE. 


23 
22 


ENE. 
ENE. 


24 
22 


E. 
ENE. 


24 
22 


pi 

ENE. 


23 
22 


ENE. 
ENE. 


23 
20 


20.00 
21.25 


ileans. 


11.87 




11.87 




12.25 




13.16 




13.03 




12.90 




13.06 




12.80 




13.48 


13.93 


13.58 


13.09 


12.07 



284 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOWS, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the direction and velocity of the wind at Vglaamie from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

[Height of anemometer above surface of ground, 28 feet. Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 h 17 m . Velocity given in miles per hour.] 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. ir 


. 


t a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


1 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




aud 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity 




1883. 
Aug. 1 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


19 I ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


19 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


20 


EHE. 


18 


Aug. 2 


E. 


15 


E. 


14 


E. 


13 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


9 


E. 


9 


E. 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 


7 


E. 


8 


Aug. 3 


ESE. 


14 


E. 


14 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


E. 


10 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


12 


ESE. 


14 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


15 


E. 


15 


ESE. 


15 


Aug. 4 


E. 


20 


E. 


23 


ESE. 


no 


E. 


20 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


19 


ESE. 


19 


E. 


19 


E 


19 


E. 


20 


ESE. 


19 


E. 


0-7 


Aug. 5 


NE. 


19 


HE. 


20 


NE. 


20 


ENE. 


24 


ENE. 


22 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


21 


ENE. 


20 


NE. " 


18 


NE. 


18 


NE. 


18 


HE. 


■">() 


Aug. 6 


NE. 


23 


HE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


23 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


HE. 


19 


ENE. 


20 


NE. 


IS 


Aug. 7 


ESE. 


16 


E. 


15 ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


15 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


17 


SE. 


17 


SE. 


17 


Aug. 8 


E. 


11 


ESE. 


9 j SE. 


10 


SE. 


7 


SSE. 


10 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


9 


SSE. 


8 


SSE. 


9 


S. 


8 


S. 


11 


S. 


7 


Aug. 9 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


9 , ESE. 


S 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


5 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


SE. 


10 


SE. 


7 


SE. 


7 


Aug. 10 i ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


11 ! ESE. 


9 


E. 


8 


E. 





E. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


13 


E. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


12 


SE. 


in 


Aug. 11 i SW. 


18 


SW. 


12 SW. 


11 


SW. 


12 


SW. 


10 


SSW. 


6 


SW. 


6 


SW. 


3 


SW. 


3 


SW. 


2 


Calm. 




NW. 


1 


Aug. 12 ! ESE. 


6 


ESE. 


10 SE. 


15 


SE. 


11 


SE. 


8 


ESE. 


8 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


10 


E. 


4 


ESE. 


10 


Aug. 13 1 NNE. 


9 


ENE. 


11 E. 


6 


E. 


9 


E. 


8 


ESE. 


11 


ESE. 


15 


E. 


11 


E. 


5 


E. 


7 


E. 


9 


E. 


10 


Aug. 14 NNE. 


8 


ME, 


7 , NE. 


9 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


4 


NE. 


•3 


NE. 


7 


NNE. 


6 


NE. 


8 


ENE. 


7 


E. 


9 


E. 


9 


Aug. 15 1 S\V. 


8 


sw. 


7 


SW. 





SW. 


3 


SW. 


5 


S. 


3 


S. 


4 


SW. 


4 


SW. 


1 


SSE. 


1 


ENE. 


8 


E. 


8 


Aug. 16 I S. 


6 


ssw. 


4 


SSW. 


2 


SW. 


6 


SSW. 


5 


SSW. 


9 


SSW. 


10 SW. 


7 


W. 


5 


W. 


4 


W. 


3 


N. 




Aug. 17 


E. 


13 


ENE. 


13 


ENE. 


12 


E. 


8 


E. 


6 


E. 


3 


ESE. 


1 SSW. 


3 


W. 


22 


w. 


23 


W. 


25 


w. . 


?,2 


Aug. 18 


SSE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


8 


ESE. 


9 


ENE. 


10 


ESE. 


12 


NE. 


11 


NNE. 


16 


NNE 


22 


NNE. 


22 


HHE. 


20 


Aug. 19 


N. 


20 


H. 


17 


N. 


in 


NNW. 


19 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


14 


N. 


14 


N. 


14 


N. 


13 


NNW. 


10 


NNW. 


11 


H. 


121 


Aug. 20 


ESE. 


7 


E. 


12 


ESE. 


14 


E. 


15 


E. 


16 


E 


18 


E. 


20 


ESE. 


21 


ESE. 


22 


ESE. 


23 


E. 


25 


E. 


87 


Aug. 21 


ENE. 


30 


ENE. 


29 


ENE. 


29 


ENE. 


30 


NE. 


29 


NE. 


29 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


29 


NE. 


28 


NE. 


30 


NE. 


30 


HE. 


?M 


Aug. 22 


NNE. 


14 


SSE. 


12 


N. 


10 


NNW. 


4 


NNW. 


3 


NW. 


2 


NW. 


5 


WNW. 


7 


WNW. 


6 


WNW. 


7 


W. 


10 


W. 


10 


Aug. 23 


WSW. 


20 


sw. 


21 


SW. 


25 


SW. 


25 ■ 


SW. 


24 


SW. 


25 


SW. 


24 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


25 


WSW. 


25 


w. 


25 


w. 


28 


Aug. 24 


sw. 


30 


SW. 


29 SW . 


29 


SW. 


28 


SW. 


29 


SW, 


33 


SW. 


32 


SW. 


30 


SW. 


30 


WSW. 


30 


WSW. 


29 


WNW. 


30 


Aug. 25 


NE. 


10 


NE. 


7 I NE. 


3 


ENE. 


2 


ESE. 


3 


ESE. 


2 I 


SE. 


4 


SSE. 


6 


SSE. 


9 


s. 


10 


SSE. 


12 


SSE. 


15 


Aug. 26 


SSE. 


22 


s. 


20 1 SSW. 


21 


SSW. 


24 


SSW. 


32 


SW. 


32 


SW. 


23 


SW. 


32 


SW. 


28 


WSW. 


34 


w. 


28 


w. 


311 


Aug. 27* 


HE. 


7 


H. 


4 , NNE. 


8 


NE. 


' 


E. 


5 


E. 


9 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


1G | 


ESE. 


18 


ESE. 


19 


Means . . 


14.77 


14.22 


14.25 




13.77 


1 


13.29 




13.40 




13.40 




14.00 


14.37 


15.11 


15.33 


15.77 





1 p.m. 


2 p. m 




3 p. m 




4 p.m. 


5 p. m 




6 p. m 


. 


7 p. m 




Sp.m 




9 p.m. 


10 p. 


m. 


11 p. 


m. 


12 p. 


m. 


Daily 


















































Date. 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direct; 


on 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


Direction 


mean ve- 
locity. 




and 




and 




aDd 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 




and 


and 




anc 




and 






velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 


velocity. 




1883. 
Aug. 1 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


EHE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


E. 


18 


E. 


16 


E. 


19 


E. 


17 


E. 18 


E. 


17 


ENE. 


16 


E. 


15 


18.37 


Aug. 2 


E. 


10 


E 


8 


E. 


9 


E. 


10 


E. 


9 


E. 


10 


E. 


11 


EHE. 


10 


E. 12 


E. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


E. 


13 


10.58 


Aug. 3 


E. 


15 


E. 


17 


E. 


18 


E. 


19 


ESE. 


18 


E. 


17 


E. 


19 


E. 


20 


E. 22 


E. 


23 


E. 


23 


E. 


20 


16.29 


Aug. 4 


E. 


21 


E. 


21 


E. 


20 


E. 


20 


E. 


17 


E. 


18 


E. 


21 


E. 


19 


E. 18 


ENE. 


18 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


19 


19.75 


Aug. 5 


NE. 


21 


NNE. 


22 


HNE. 


23 


NE. 


25 


NE. 


25 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


22 


NE. 


21 


HE. 23 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


24 


NE. 


23 


21.54 


Aug. 6 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


20 


ENE. 


17 


ENE. 


18 


E. 


19 


E. 


19 


ESE. 


20 


E. 


17 


E. 17 


E. 


17 


\E. 


18 


ESE. 


17 


19.91 


Aug. 7 


SE. 


22 


SE. 


22 


SSE. 


21 


SE. 


22 


SSE. 


21 


SSE. 


19 


SSE. 


15 


SE. 


9 


E. 10 


E. 


12 


E. 


11 


E. 


11 


15.95 


Aug. 8 


SSW. 


6 


SW. 


5. 


WSW. 


5 


WSW. 


3 


WSW. 


4 


WSW. 


2 


WSW. 


3 


N. 


3 


N. 4 


N. ■ 


5- 


ENE. 


5 


E. 


8 


6.75 


Aug. 9 


SE. 


13 


SE. 


11 


SE. 


14 


ESE. 


10 


E. 


10 


ESE. 


13 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 12 


ESE. 


12 


ESE. 


10 


ESE. 


12 


10.12 


Aug. 10 


ESE. 


8 


SW. 


11 


SSE. 


11, 


SSE. 


9 


SW. 


9 


SW. 


12 


SW. 


12 


SSW. 


20 


SW. 24 


SW. 


20 


SW. 


19 


SW. 


16 


12.25 


Aug. 11 


NNW. 


4 


ENE. 


8 


ESE. 


7 


ESE. 


8 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


E. 


12 


HE. 


13 


ENE. 12 


ENE. 


9 


E. 


11 


ESE. 


11 


8.45 


Aug. 12 


ESE. 


9 


ESE. 


9 


SE. 


6 


SE. 


fi 


E. 


7 


WSW. 


8 


AVSW. 


4 


NNE. 


5 


NNW. 5 


N. 


10 


NHE. 


•9 


NNE. 


9 


7.91 


Aug. 13 


HNE. 


.6 


NNE. 


9 


HHE. 


8 


HNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


8 


NNE. 


11 


NNE. 


10 


NNE. 9 


NNE. 


10 


HNE. 


9 


HHE. 


8 


8.95 


Aug. 14 


E. 


9 


ESE 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


8 


E. 


R 


E. 


7 


E. 


10 


E. 


10 


ESE. 8 


ESE. 


8 


SW. 


4 


SW. 


5 


7.50 


Aug. 15 


ESE. 


11 


SE. 


10 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


16 


ESE. 


12 


WSW. 


8 


Calm. 




WNW. 


1 


WNW. 5 


NNW. 


4 


ENE. 


4 


ESE. 


3 


6.12 


Aug. 16 


H. 


5 


N. 


7 


NNE. 


6 


NNE. 


7 


N. 


7 


HNE. 


12 


NE. 


11 


E. 


11 


E. 10 


E. 


12- 


E. 


14 


E. 


13 


7.54 


Aug. 17 


W. 


20 


W. 


12 


SW. 


1.3 


SW. 


8 


SW. 


11 


SSW. 


11 


SW. 


7 


SSW. 


3 


SE. 11 


S. 


12 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


14 


12. 00 


Aug. 18 


N. 


19 


N. 


18 


N. 


18 


H. 


16 


N. 


17 


N. 


20 


N. 


20 


NHW. 


21 


N. 22 


N. 


21 


N. 


19 


H. 


18 


16.45 


Aug. 19 


NNW. 


12 


NNW. 


9 


NNW. 


7 


NW. 


7 


NW. 


6 


NW. 


8 


NW. 


6 


N. 


7 


NNW. 4 


NW. 


3 


NE. 


6 


SE. 


5 


10.79 


Aug. 20 


E. 


29 


E. 


30 


E. 


30 


E. 


31 


E. 


32 


E. 


29 


E. 


32 


E. 


32 


ENE. 31 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


28 


ENE. 


30 


24. 25 


Aug. 21 


NNE. 


26 


NE. 


.» 


NNE. 


22 


NE. 


22 


NE 


22 


NNE. 


21 


NNE. 


19 


NNE. 


18 


NNE. 16 


NNE. 


18 


N. 


16 


NNE. 


14 


24. 45 


Aug. 2:2 


WNW. 


12 


WSW. 


12 


W. 


14 


WSW. 


15 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


17 


WSW. 


17 


WSW. 20 


WSW. 


19 


WSW. 


20 


WSW. 


19 


12. 02 


Aug. 23 


W. 


25 


WSW. 


22 


WSW. 


21 


WSW. 


22 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


24 


WSW. 


24 


SW. 23 


SW. 


25 


SW. 


27 


SW. 


27 


24. 12 


Aug. 24 


WNW. 


20 


NW. 


21 


NW. 


28 


NNE. 


26 


N. 


28 


H. 


24 


H. 


24 


N. 


22 


N. 19 


N. 


16 


N. 


13 


NNE. 


11 


25.70 


Aug. 25 


SSE. 


17 


S. 


19 


SSE. 


20 


SSE. 


18 


SSE. 


21 


SSE. 


24 


SSE. 


23 


SSE. 


26 


SSE. 26 


SSE. 


22 


SSE. 


21 


SSE. 


21 


14. 20 


Aug. 26 


W. 


31 


W. 


26 


w. 


27 


W. 


25 


WNW. 


23 


NW. 


19 


NW. 


16 


NNW. 


16 


NNW. 15 


NNW. 


13 


NNW. 


11 


N. 


11 


23. 29 


Aug. 27* 


SE. 


20 


ESE. 


20 


ESE. 


20 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


26 


SE. 


24 


SE. 


22 


SE. 


20 


SE. 20 


SE. 


15 


SE. 


15 


tSE. 


15 


15. 41 


Means . . 


16.19 


15.51 


15.88 


15.77 


16.03 


15. 85 


15.25 




14.96 




15.40 


15. DO 


14.81 


14.3 


" 


14.86 



Station abandoned August 27, 1883. 



t Approximated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



285 



Table showing the number of calms and 1G different tcind directions, also mean monthly force of different winds after deducting 

number of calms. 



n 

NNE . . 
XE ... 
ENE .. 

E 

ESE.. 

SE 

SSE ... 

S 

SSW .. 

sw.... 
wsw. 

w 

WNW. 

Sff ... 

ow.. 

Calms. 



October, 
1881. 



November, 
1881. 



December, 
1881. 



20.22 
18.13 
21.56 

5.00 
11.91 
10.62 
13.02 

4.00 

4.66 


7.00 

27.50 
24.00 
12.76 
17.57 




|g 



26 
35 
112 
243 
95 
15 

9 
19 
34 
27 
14 

8 
12 
25 
46 

5 





1L34 
21.05 
22. 95 
18.45 
18.24 
17.66 
15.55 

8.89 
12.67 

7.41 
22.41 
18.66 
18.66 
20.00 
14. C9 
12.80 







Jaiiuarv 

1882." 



February, 

1882. 



I March, 1882. 






i. 03 

II 



il' 



27 


1 
12. 00 


16 


8.31 


98 


11.25 


118 


11.33 


4 


4.50 


14 


7.71 


38 


12.26 


20 


8.00 


53 


8.66 


93 


5.83 


17 


7.00 


11 


8.63 


66 


7.72 


74 


7.59 1 


14 


9.71 i 


20 


7.10 


56 






27 

37 

94 

106 

110 

28 

13 

20 

22 

10 

11 

26 

112 

69 

1 



58 



V 

S 



8.6-2 

9.83 

7.10 

17.48 

13.71 

11.10 

10.15 

28.05 

36.54 

21.90 

41.18 

38.61 

31.07 

10.84 

10.00 







42 

86 

29 

49 







14 

50 

88 

104 

114 



W 

a 



15.38 
13.93 
14.27 
12.25 



7.85 
9.02 
12.97 
13.08 
12.52 
32 | 17.06 



ft 



7.15 

10.27 

3.00 





24 

2 

15 

24 

32 

109 

27 

37 

41 

72 

46 

51 

142 

74 

40 

1 

6 



April, 1882. 



5 a 

1* 



May, 1882. 



a ° 



8.37 
14.50 
16.86 
19.79 
26.18 
20.22 
10.62 
11. 67 
13.87 

9.95 
14.56 
17.88 
19.95 
15.24 
10.27 

3.00 




22 



3 

15 

130 

94 

27 

48 

74 

43 

39 

63 

131 





22 



3.33 

5.68 



4.33 

13. 40 

10.27 

11.59 

14.66 

9.94 

13.63 

9.69 

6.89 

9.69 

13.90 









13 
34 
130 
158 
67 
39 
43 
37 
21 
19 
50 
34 
52 
11 
1 
29 



12.46 
10.38 
16.55 
18.89 
14.51 
19.77 
9.98 
9.19 
9.19 
7.84 
10.30 
11.32 
7.73 
8.36 
18.00 
14.66 




June, 1882. 



B.S 



65 



July, 18ti. 



August, 
1882. 



3 3 
1,3 



12, 17 
9.72 
9.97 
11.18 
13.09 
8.69 
9.32 
6.00 
7.25 
5.00 
10.51 
7.83 
7.60 
12. 14 
10.00 
10.15 




34 
42 
18 
55 

104 
71 
50 
25 
16 
11 

105 
79 
50 
22 
29 
19 
14 






7.97 
9.05 
13. 00 
13.13 
11.46 
12.51 
12. 12 
13.44 
8.12 
11.91 
14.89 
10.38 
6.86 
6.32 
5.76 
6.53 




14 
51 

117 
75 

117 
69 
33 
40 
37 
28 
21 
27 



10.21 
13. 27 
13.96 
9.35 
15.37 
16.41 
15.15 
14.58 
16.35 
26.07 
19. 52 
19.11 
27 121.93 
24 Il6. 00 



16.61 

15. 54 





September, 
1882. 



33 
29 
73 
86 
110 
67 
36 
20 
28 
46 
31 
27 
25 
37 
28 
42 
2 



18.30 
14.34 
14.51 
15. 23 
15.81 
10.24 
9.75 
13.20 
12.39 
14.65 
16.77 
12.04 
14.04 
12.70 
10.57 
16.31 






October, 
1882. 


November, 
1882. 


December, 
1882. 


January, 
1883. 


February, 
1883. ' 


Marcl 


, 1883. 


Apr! 


, 1883. 


May, 1883. 


June, 1883. . 


„ July 


1883. 


August, 1883. 








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<D 






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o 










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S m 


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rt 


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c3 


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ft 


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% 


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3 


ft 


3 


ft 


rt 


N... . 


28 


8.43 


5 


11.20 


33 


7.39 


119 


8.10 


23 


9.60 


19 


6.94 


72 


5.54 


1 


14.92 


26 


6.76 


34 


6.91 


37 


14.79 


NNE. 


4 


7.50 


4 


23. 75 


64 


9.53 


73 


11.46 


6 


7.83 


7 


7.85 


28 


7.75 


82 


14.47 


91 


9.38 


138 


11.88 


41 


12.48 


NE .. 


126 


20.62 


114 


22.14 


64 


9.75 


19 


8.78 


27 


4.44 


43 


8.97 


52 


9.01 


98 


13.77 


83 


11.55 


103 


13.64 


51 


18.80 


EXE.. 


205 


16.83 


178 


19.80 


87 


8.77 


133 


13.19 


8 


7.27 


117 


16.54 


104 


15.57 


96 


15. 55 


173 


17. 65 


171 


14.69 


53 


18.49 


E 


95 


12.37 


103 


21.12 


82 


7.12 


77 


26.29 


27 


8.40 


47 


21.48 


55 


9.92 


75 


15.06 


101 


15.68 


109 


14.29 


129 


14.49 


ESE.. 


43 


7.14 


109 


20.92 


49 


8.86 


68 


15.77 


41 


12.85 


81 


12.72 


42 


11.96 


65 


12.07 


48 


10.93 


55 


10.80 


97 


12.32 


SE... 


39 


11.10 


22 


12.00 


97 


7.74 


39 


10.87 


39 


12.79 


73 


10.76 


7 


12. 42 


28 


10.79 


22 


8.95 


13 


6.23 


36 


14.00 


SSE .. 


37 


13.03 


20 


7.75 


4 


6.25 


5 


7.40 


16 


11.00 


43 


9.86 


15 


6.20 


35 


10.48 


9 


8.77 


6 


10.66 


29 


15.72 


S 


28 


6.25 


13 


8.08 


20 


13.17 


3 


8.66 


32 


12.65 


34 


14.52 


21 


8.95 


15 


9.73 


15 


9.93 


8 


15. 12 


10 


10.00 


ssw.. 


42 


10. 19 


8 


8.62 


33 


12.15 


7 


4.85 


64 


12.00 


38 


8.86 


34 


6.76 


49 


9.63 


13 


7.15 


2 


8.50 


14 


11.14 


S"W... 


12 


15. 42 


7 


16.14 


16 


13.44 


13 


24.23 


49 


13.22 


63 


8.85 


21 


4.09 


96 


10.52 


20 


9.35 


14 


7.50 


58 


16.38 


WSW. 


2 


16. 50 


13 


17.62 


29 


11.17 


36 


24.02 


70 


19 12 


86 


9.54 


36 


3.94 


19 


8.00 


36 


7.41 


49 


8.06 


32 


17.62 


w.... 


10 


19.50 


22 


14.09 


11 


10.82 


68 


14.54 


100 


19.78 


50 


11.44 


110 


6.94 


9 


7.22 


12 


6.33 


19 


9.84 


21 


19.76 


WSff 


2 


12.00 


42 


16.69 


2* 


6.52 


167 


8.04 


43 


11.02 


22 


12, 13 


36 


8.00 


20 


9.60 


15 


7.13 


9 


4.33 


9 


14.11 


NW .. 


18 


5.22 


49 


19.29 


28 


7.43 


8 


13.37 


26 


9.34 


6 


11.33 


42 


4.14 


11 


6.90 


25 


6.92 


3 


3.33 


12 


10.16 


NNW. 


52 


7.17 


11 


15.73 


51 


8.18 


6 


14.33 


42 


9.26 


10 


14.40 


25 


12.28 


7 


10.28 


27 


7.33 


6 


1.66 


17 


10.41 


Calms, 


1 











44 





3 





11 





5 





20 





13 





2 





5 





2 






Year and montb. 



1881 

Nov ember 

December 

Whole period . 

1882 

January 

February 

Marcb 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 



Prevailing di- 
rection. 



Maximum 
hourly velocity. 



EKE. 
ENE. 



ENE. 



E. 
SW. 
W. 

ESE. 

ENE. 

NNE. 
SW. and E. 

E. 
E. and ESE. 

ENE. 



Total move- 
ment. 



43 
44 



44 



100 
28 
40 
38 
29 
27 
26 
41 
39 
38 



12, 849 
6,361 



19,210 



12, 102 
7,952 

11,839 
7,752 

10, 379 
7,355 
8,031 

11, 322 
10, 03,2 
10, 363 



Year and montb. 



1882. 



November 
December. 



Whole period... 
1883. 



January . . 
February . 

March 

April 



June. 
July . 



Prevailing di- 
rection. 



Maximum 
hourly velocity. 



ENE. 
SE. 



ENE. 



WNW. 

W. 
ENE. 

W. 

NE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
August j Incomplete. 

Whole period 



ENE. 



44 
42 



100 



57 
80 
36 
33 
30 
37 
28 
Incomplete. 



Total move- 
ment. 



13, 570 
6, 200 



116, 897 



10, 149 



6,131 
9,201 
8,631 
8,958 
Incomplete. 



61, 237 



* Number of hours observed blowing from the direction stated. 



286 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, Mnd, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[WasMngton mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 






G 






a 




a 




a 


1 . 

1 = 










o 






o 




o 












Bate. 




43 






'•§ 




43 




-g 




43 








Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, 


and 




« Amount, kind, and 


4» 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


4=» 


Amount, kind, and 


43 




direction of clouds. 


pi 


direction of clouds. 


e< 


direction of clouds. 


P. 


direction of clouds. 


p< 


direction of cloud3. 


— 


direction of clouds. 


p. 






o 






o 




O 


















<p 






u 




Eh 




G 




<D 




© 






ft 






ft 




ft 




e- 




ft 




ft 


1881. 




























Oct. 18 


1st. 


00 








00 





00 


6 st. . 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 19 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


"W.*.— 


10 st. "W.* 


00 


10 st. W.* 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 St. "W. t 


00 


Oct. 20 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 21 


10 st. 


. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 22 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. . 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 23 


10 nim. 


t 


10 nim. 





. 





g 





00 





00 





00 


Oct. 24 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. 


Oct. 25 


10 nim. .01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


Oct. 26 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


Oct. 27 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 st. 


■ — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 28 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


4 st. 


00 


Oct. 29 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. 


.01 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Oct. 30 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. 


Oct. 31 


10 ST. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Means . . 


8.64 




8.71 




8.00 




8.43 




8.57 




8.86 





Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p. 


m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. 


m. 


6 p. 


m. 


1881. 






































Oct. 18 


10 nim. 


w.t 


. — 


10 st. 


W.\ 


. — 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


lOst. 


W.* 


00 


Oct. 19 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Oct. 20 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


Oct. 21 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


M.t 


00 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 St. 


N.t 


00 


Oct. 22 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 st. 


UK* 


• — 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 St. 


NE.* 


00 


Oct. 23 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


ol 


00 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 


NE.t 


; 


10 nim. 


NE.t 


# 


10 nim. 


NE.* 


.02 


Oct. 24 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


Oct. 25 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


JN-t 


00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


Oct. 26 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


1 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


Oct. 27 


8 st. 





00 


5 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


3 st. 


NE.t 


00 


Oct. 28 


10 st. 








10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


Oct. 29 


10 nim. 





— 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





, — 


10 nim. 





— 


Oct. 30 


10 St. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 31 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 St. 


E." 


00 


Means . . 


9.14 




9.57 




8.00 




8.71 




9.14 




8.79 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 



287 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


8 a. 


m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a 


m. 




11a 


m. 




12 m. 


p. 
'o 
p 

5. . 








a 






S3 




a 






a 






A 




d 














o 










o 












=^ s 






















































'+» 
















43 


C-r 




Amount, kind, 


and 




Amount, kind, and 


43 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind and 


43 


Amount, kind, and 


+3 


Amount, kind, and 




43 CS 




direction of clouds. 


p. 


direction of 


clouds. 


a, 


direction of clouds. 


Pi 


direction of 


clouds. 


P. 


direction of 


clouds. 


p. 


direction of clouds. 


— 


a-" 








a 






o 




O 






o 












o 








to 










<D 






<0 








* 




a 








































fH 






P4 




P^ 






p* 






fin 




fc 


■4 




10 nim. 







10 nim. 







10 nim. 




10 nim. 







10 nim. 







10 nim. 








10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 







Dense fog. 


SE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 


SE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 




— 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


9st. 





. — 


9 st. 


00 




— 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 





■'— 


10 nim. 





■■— 


10 st. 


■ — 




03 


10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 st. 







08 


10 nim. 





, — 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.01 




28 


10 nim. 





.01 


30 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 St. 





. — 


10 st. 


00 




13 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim 





.02 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 





.05 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 st. 


.01 




28 


9 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 




01 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 


NE.* 


CO 


10 st. 


00 


9 nim. 








10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 


.01 




07 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


.01 




07 


4 St. 





. — 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 st. 


00 







10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




— 


8.79 




8.79 


8.79 




8.71 




8.71 




8.71 




.95 



7 p. 


m. 


8 p. 


m. 


9 p. 


m. 


10 p. 


m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 st. 


W* 


00 


10 st. 


TV.*: 00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 







10 nim. 







8.58 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


6.25 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


| 00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


7.08 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 st. 


N* 00 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 St. 


N.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


9.83 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 


1.— 

1 


10 st. 


. 


— 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





• — 


10.00 


10 nim. 


NE.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


NE.*:. 01 


10 nim. 


NE.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


NE.t 





10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 





.01 


8.33 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10.00 


10.nim. 





. 


10 nim. 


'.01 


10 st. 





.01 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10.00 


10 nim. 





— 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10.00 


3 st. 


NE.t 


00 


1st. 


NE.t 00 


4 st. 


NE.t 


00 


2 st. 


N.t 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 


6.71 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





m 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 St. 





# 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 








7.88 


10 St. 





. 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10.00 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


6.88 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


lOst. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10.00 


8.50 




8.57 




8.86 




8.71 




7.93 




8.71 




8.68. 



288 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, land, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


-1 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


I 

6 a. m. 








13 






a 










a 
o 






a 
p 






a 
.2 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


[a. 
'3 

S) 

u 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


s 

!& 

'3 

<0 
H 

PH 

.01 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

[a 
"3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


"p. 
'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


"5. 

'3 

V 

n 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


e: 
'3 

© 


1881. 
Nov. 1 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





._ 


Nov. 2 
Nov. 1 3 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 5 
Nov. 6 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 









!oi 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
2 st. 


NE.* 
NE.* 


NE.* 


.01 

.01 

00 

00 

00 


10 nim. 

8 st. 
10 St. 
10 St. 

2 st. 


NE.* 
E.* 



NE.* 


.01 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. NE. t 
2 st. E.- 
10 St. 
10 st. 
2 st. NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 


lOst. 

2 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3 st. 


NE.t 
E.* 

SE.* 

NE.* 


_ 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

3 st. 
lOst. 

10 St. 

4 st. 


NE.t 

E.* 



NE.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Nov. 7 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 9 
Nov. 10 
Nov. 11 


D. haze. 5 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
9 st. 


NE.t 






00 

00 
00 
00 


5 cir. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


NE.1 
SE.1 


NE.* 




00 

00 
00 


2 cir. 6 st. 

10 St. 
10 nim. 

7 st. 

9 st. . 


NE.1 






00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


1 cir. 8 st. NE. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
Dense haze. 4 st. 

6 st. 


00 

!oi 

00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
Dense haze. 5 st. 
4 st. 


00 

00 
00 


2 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

5 st. 

2 st. 


NE.t 






00 

!oi 

00 
00 


Nov. 12 
Nov. 13 

Nov. 14 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 16 





10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 






10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 St. 









00 
00 

00 

00 





lOst. 

9 St. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 




10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 


lOst. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 | 
00 


Nov. 17 
Nov. 18 
Nov. 19 
Nov. 20 
Nov. 21 



Dense fog. 

4 st. 

Dense haze. 
10 nim. 









00 
oo 
00 
00 
.01 



Dense haze. 

3 st. 

Dense haze. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 



Dense haze. 

3 st. 
Dense haze. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 




Dense haze. 

4 st. 

1st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Dense haze. 

4 st. 

Dense haze. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 



Dense haze. 
Light haze. 5 s1 
Dense haze. 
lOst. 




. '0 




00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


Nov. 22 
Nov. 23 
Nov. 24 
Nov. 25 
Nov. 26 







Dense haze. 
lOst. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 







Light haze. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






lOst. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





• 
5 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






8 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






8 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Nov. 27 
Nov. 28 
Nov. 29 
Nov. 30 


10 st. 
9 st. 

4 cir. st. 4 st. 
9 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

1st. 

2 cir. st. 4 st. 
10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
■ 1st. 
1 cir. st. 5 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

3 cir. st. 2 st. 

10 st. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 


2 cir. st. 5 st. 
5 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 


10 st 

4 st, 








00 
00 

00 
00 


Means. 


6.23 




6.03 




5.77 




5.27 




. 5. 27 ' 


5.13 





Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p. 


m. 


5 p. 


m. 


6 p.m. 


1881. 
Nov. 1 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





t __ 


10 nim. 





t _ 


10 nim. 





> 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


•01 


Nov. 2 
Nov. 3 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 5 
Nov. 6 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

3 st. 




E.* 


E.* 




00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


lOst. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 St. 

10 st. 



E.* 


E.t 




00 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
9 st. 







E.* 


00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 St. 

10 nim. 

10 St. 
2 St. 









.01 
00 

.02 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 St. 

10 nim. 
2 cir. 3 st. 

1 St. 


E.* 

NE.t 


NE.t 



.01 
00 

.05 
00 
00 


10 nim. E.* 
10 st, NE. t 
10 nim. 
2 cir. 5 st. NE. t 
1st. 


.01 

00 
.03 i 

00 

00 | 


Nov. 7 
Nov. 8 
Nov. 9 
Nov. 10 
Nov. 11 


4 st. 

2 cir. 7 st. 
10 st. 
9 st. 



NE.1 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 

1 cir. 8 st. 

lOst. 

10 St. 




Q 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6 cir. 4 st. 
8 st. Light haze. 

10 st. NNE.* 
10 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. 3 st. NE. t 
7 st. Light haze. 

10 st. NNE. t 
10 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 4 st. 

5 st. NE. t 
10 St. 
10 St. 




NE.t 
Lt. haze. 

NNE.t 
NE.t 



■00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 7 st. ' NE. t 
8 st. NE.* Lt, haze. 
10 st. NNE. t 
10 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Nov. 12 
Nov. 13 
Nov. 14 
Nov. 15 
Nov. 16 






2 cir. 3 st. 
lOst. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





1 cir. 4 st. 
lOst. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





1 cir. 5 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





1 cir. 8 st. 
10 st. 
1st. ' 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





8 st. 

10 st. 

1 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





10 St. ^ 
10 st. NW. t 

1 cir. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 ; 

00 


Nov. 17 
Nov. 18 
Nov. 19 
Nov. 20 
Nov. 21 




Light haze. 4 st 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 at. 
10 nim. 



. 





00 
00 
00 
00 




Light haze. 3 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


7 cir. 

1 cir. 2 st. 
9 st. 

8 st. 
8 st. 






sw.* 
w* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


7 cir. 

1 cir. 2 st. 

8 st. 
10 nim. WSW. 4 

2 cir. st. 2 st. TV.* 


00 
00 
00 

00 


5 cir. 2 st. 
1 cir. 3 st. 
8 st. 
10 nim. 
3 cir. st. 3 s' 






tvstv.* 

• w -* 


00 
00 
00 

'oo 


7 cir. st. 2 St. 
5 st. 
2 cir. st. 7 st. E.t 
10 st. TV.* 
9 st. TV.* 


00 

00 
00 

'oo ! 


Nov. 22 
Nov. 23 
Nov. 24 
Nov. 25 
Nov. 26 






8 st. 
10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 








10 St. 
lOst. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1 cir. st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




2 cir. 
1 cir. st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 


1st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 


o 
o 




o 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 



1 St. 
10 St. 
10 st. 


00 
00 1 
00 
00 
00 


Nov. 27 
Nov. 28 
Nov. 29 
Nov. 30 


10 st. 
3 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 








.01 
00 

'oo 


10 st. 

4 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 








00 

00 

.01 

00 


10 St. 

9 st. 

6 cir. st. 4 st 
10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


lOst. 

9 st. 

6 cir. st. 4 st 
10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
2 cir. st. 5 s1 
10 st. 
lOst. 






TVSTV. t 




01! 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
2 cir. st, 7 st. 
10 st. TVSTV. t 
10 st. 


.01 ! 

00 

00 
00 


Means. 


5.93 




6.23 




6.97 




6.67 




6.37 




7.00 


1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAER'JW, ALASKA. 



289 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August* 1883 — Continued. 

signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above. J 



7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a.m. 


10a.m. 


la. m 






12 m. 






'3 

p. • 
S 








a 
o 




a 
o 




a 




B 
O 






3 










Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'3. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'& 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'P. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


% 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p, 


a* 








C3 








O 
03 










© 






o 
o 
u 


o 
3 
«1 




10 nim. 





. _ 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. 




.10 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




10 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. E.* 


.03 


10 nim. 


B.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


E.* 


.01 




.19 


10 St. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




in 


10 St. 


"NT!.* 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


7 st. E. t 


00 


9 st. E* 


00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


6 st. 


E.* 


00 




00 


4 St. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 1 st. NE. t 


00 





00 


4 st. 





00 


10 St. 


1 00 




00 


- St. 





00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE.t 


00 


5 st. 


NE.t 


00 


4 st. 


NE.t 


00 






10 st. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 





00 




111 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




.03 


i St. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 




00 


5 st. 


NE.t 


00 


3 St. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 




00 








00 





00 





00 





00 


o • 





00 








00 




00 








00 





00 





00 





00 








00 








00 




00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 








00 


2 cir. 





00 




. 


10 .-st. 





. — 


10 cim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 St. 





.01 


10 st. 





00 




.04 


7 st. 





00 





uo 





00 





00 








00 








00 




00 








00 





00 





00 





00 








00 








00 




00 


4 St. 





00 


4 st. 1 00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 




00 







00 


10 St. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 4 st 





00 


Light haze. 1 st. I 00 


Light haze. 1 st. 


00 


Light haze. 1 st. 


00 








00 








00 




.02 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. SW.* 


uo 


9 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




.05 








00 





00 





00 





00 








00 








00 




00 


(i 





00 





00 





00 





00 








00 








CO 




00 


Light haze. 





00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 


00 








00 








00 




00 








00 





00 


9 st. • 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


8 st. 





00 




III) 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


Dense haze. 





00 





00 


8 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 





t 




.05 








00 





00 


3 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 




00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


8 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 




.04 


4 cir. st. 3 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


9 St. 





00 




00 


5.57 




5.20 




5.67 




5.23 




5.53 






5.67 




.73 



7 p. ni. 


8 p. 


m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. 


m. 


lip. 


m. 




12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 st. 





< 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 







10.00 


10 nim. E.* 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

1 cir. 7 st. NE.t 

1 st. 


.01 

00 

00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 St. 

9 st. 

1st. 


E.t 





NE.t 




.01 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 St. 
lOst. 

9 St. 

2 St. 


E.t 





NE.t 




'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 St. 
10 St. 
9 St. 

1 St. 





NE.t 



'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 

4 st. 

2 st. 

1st. 




E.t 

NE.t 






.02 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 st. E. i 

4 st. NE. t 

1st. 

1st. 


.01 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10.00 
8.95 
9.50 
8.38 
3.00 


1 cir. 8 st. NE.t 
9 st. NE. t Lt. haze. 
10 st. NNE. t 
10 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 st. 



NE.t 
N.* 
NNE.t 




00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 
10 St. 



NE.t 

N.* 








00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

8 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 










00 

'oo 

00 
00 


10 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

1 St. 









'oo 

00 
00 
00 


7.25 
9.21 
10.00 
7.33 
2.33 






10 st. 

10 St. HW. t 

1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




10 st. 

10 St. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





10 St. 

10 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





10 st. 
10 st. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





10 nim. 
10 st. 











00 
00 

'oo 

00 



lOst. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 











00 
00 

'oo 

00 


.04 

.42 

7.75 

9.96 

3.12 


6 cir. st. 3 st. 

8 st. 

9 st. SE.* 
10 nim. W.* 

9 st. "W.* 


00 
00 
00 

'oo 


2 cir. st. 7 st 

8 st. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 






SE.* 

w.* 


00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


10 st. 

7 st. 

4 st. 
10 nim. 

6 st. 









00 
00 
00 

00 


Dense fog. 

7 st. 

2 st. 
10 nim. 

4 st. 









00 
00 
00 

'oo 


Dense fog. 

8 st. 

1st. 
10 nim. 

2 st. 









00 

00 

00 

.01 

00 


Dense fog. 

5 st. 

2 st. 
10 nim. 











00 
00 
00 

00 


2.42 
3.50 
0.83 
4.67 
7.83 




1 cir. 


10 st. 
10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




2 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




2 st. 



10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 








10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1st. 


10 st. 
10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






D. haze. D. haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.08 

.33 

.33 

6. 4C 

9.62 


10 nim. 

2 cir. st. 7 st. 8 
10 st. "WSW. t 
10 st. 


.01 

00 

.10 

.10 


10 nim. 
6 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 





wsw.t 




.01 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

6 st. 

10 st. 

lOst. 




"WSW.t 



.01 

00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

8 st. 

10 St. 

10 St. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 
8 st. 
10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

3 cir. st. 3 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


9.08 
4.21 
9.00 
9.29 


7.10 




7.10 




6.87 




6.30 




5.70 




5.93 




6.03 



H. Ex. 44- 



-37' 



290 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, hind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 






4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a. m. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 

43 

3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
.2 

oi 

'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

| 

ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


3 

o 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 










Ph 






o 

u 
Ph 






Ph 






u 

Ph 






o 
Ph 




9 
H 

Ph 


1881. 
Dec. 1 


3 cir. Light haze. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 








00 








00 


10 st. Hff* 


00 


Dec. 2 
Dec. 3 
Deo. 4 
Dec. 5 
Dec. 6 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 

Light haze. 5 st. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 
3 st. 









.02 
.03 
00 
00 

00 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 

Light haze. 5 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 
2 st. 









.02 

.03 

00 

00 

00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 

Light haze. 4 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 
2 st. 









.01 

.03 

00 

00 

00 


lOst. 

10 nim. 

Dense fog. 

D. haze. D. haze. 

4 st. 









00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 
D. haze. D. haze. 
2 st. 









00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 
D. haze. D. haze. 
1st. 


00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


Deo. 7 
Dec. 8 
Dec. 9 
Deo. 10 
Dec. 11 


8 st. W.t 
1st. 

10 nim. 
D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


10 nim. 

1st. 



10 nim. 
D. haze. D. haze. 









00 
00 

00 


10 nim. 
1st. 


10 St. 












.01 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. W. t 
1st. 


10 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. W. t 
8 st. 


10 st. 



00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. "W.t 
9 st. 
1 cir. 
10 st. 
3 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 12 
Dec. 13 
Dec. 14 
Dec. 15 
Dec. 16 


D. haze. D. haze. 



1st. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. • 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 St. 


9 St. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 St. 


10 St. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. W.t 



10 st. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 St. W.t 
2 st. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 17 
Dec. 18 
Dec. 19 
Dec. 20 
Dec. 21 


Light haze. 






Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 






Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 00 
00 
00 
t 00 

Lt. haze. Lt.haze. 00 


Dec. 22 
Dec. 23 
Dec. 24 
Dec. 25 
Dec. 26 




Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
4 st. 

2 cir. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Light haze. 4 st. 



2 cir. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


2 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. Lt.haze. 

2st. 


Light haze. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Light haze. 4 st. 


Light haze. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt.haze. Lt.haze. 
Light haze. 4 st. 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 27 
Deo. 28 
Deo. 29 
Dec. 30 
Dec. 31 


Dense haze. 2 st. 

2 cir. 



Dense haze. 1 st. 
10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 




Dense haze. 2 st. 
10 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 




Dense haze. 2 st. 

10 St. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 





Dense haze. 3 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 




Dense haze. 3 st. 
Dense haze. 6 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 



Dense haze. 2 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Means. 


2.32 


. 2.22 




2.58 




2.64 




3.03 




3.32 



Date. 


1 a.m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a.m. 


i a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a.m. 


1881. 
Dec. 1 


10 st. 







00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Dec. 2 
Dec. 3 
Dec. 4 
Dec. 5 
Dec. 6 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
D. haze. 
10 st. 


Lt. haze. 









'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

D. haze. Lt. haze. 

10 st. 









.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 
lOst. 









'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
6 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 





NE.t 

NE.t 


.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
5 cir. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 5 st. 

3 cir. st. 6 st. 
10 st. 



0' 



s.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

2 cir. • 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 

3 cir. st. 6 St. 
10 St. 







S.t 


.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 7 
Dec. 8 
Dec. 9 
Dec. 10 
Dec. 11 


2 st. 

3 st. 

9 st. 
10 St. 

4 st. 



SW.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 

4 st. SW.t 
10 st. 
10 st. • 

1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 

3 cir. st. 4 st. 

10 st. 
10 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 




W.t 

SW.t 








00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

8 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

4 st. 


w.t 

SW.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
4 cir. 2 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 


w.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 12 
Dec. 13 
Dec. 14 
Dec. 15 
Dec. 10 






3 st. 

Light haze. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





3 st. 
Light haze. 

4 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


1 cir. 2 st. 

Light haze. 

1 cir. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. 



1 cir. 2 st. 



1 cir. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. NW.* 

4 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 



5 cir. 1 st. 

1 cir. 

1 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 17 
Dec. 18 
Dec. 19 
Dec. 20 
Deo. 21 


1st. 



Lt. haze. 



Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 

oo- 

00 


1st. 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
2 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 





2 cir. 3 st. 

7 cir. st. 






' 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 





3 cir. 3 st. 

6 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 





3 cir. 2 st. 

5 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


7 cir. 





1 cir. 1 st. 

5 cir. st. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dec. 22 
Dec. 23 
Dec. 24 
Dec. 25 
Dec. 20 


Lt. haze. 

4 st. 
Lt. haze. 

3 st. 
D. haze. 


Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. 

5 cir. 4 st. 
2 st. 

2 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 

1 St. 


10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 8 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 

2 st. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 7 st. 
lOst. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 
3 cir. 1 st. 
2 st. 

10 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Deo. 27 
Dec. 28 
Dec. 29 
Dec. 30 
Dec. 31 


Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. 

10 St. 
10 St. 


4 st. 
4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. 3 st. 



9 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 



9 st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 

1st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. st. 5 st. 

1st. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 

'oo 


3 cir. st. 5 st. 

1st. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 
lOst. 









00 

00 
00 

'oo 


Means. 




1.09 






4.61 




5.48 




6.29 




6.16 




6.00 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



291 



character of precipitation, at TJglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


S a. in. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


'3. 
'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

C3 

'3 

© 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


Q 
O 

'3 
CD 
U 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


© 

1 

'£< 
"3 
to 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

1 

_§. 

'3 
<s 
u 
PH 


"Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

o 

1 

'3 

=0 

u 
Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

CI 

'£, 
'3 
c? 
Eh 

Ph 


-*^ .2 
• S 

s 
a 
< 


1st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 








00 


2 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


.00 


3 cir. cum. D. haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


lOst 

10 nim. 

10 st. 

D. haze. Lt. haze. 

10 st 









00 
.02 

00 
00 
00 


10 st 

9st 

10 st. 

D. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 st. 









00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
D. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
D. haze. Lt haze. 
10 st. 


.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.17 
.19 
.00 
.00 


1st. 
9 st. 


10 st. 
3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




9 st. W.I 



10 st. 

Dense haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


7 st. UW. 1 

5 st. W.t 



10 st. 

D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. UW.* 

4 st. W. t 



10 st. W.t 

D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. 
4 st. W. t 

10 St. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8st 
4 st. W.t 

10 St. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.01 
.00 

!oi 


5 st. 
Light haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 nim. , 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 




1st 
10 st. 

1st. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 





10 st. 


10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 




1 St. 
4 St. 


10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 






4 St. 

Light haze. 

10 st 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.03 







D. haze. L>. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 








D. haze. Lt. haze. 

Dense haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





D. haze. Lt haze. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






Light haze. 5 st. 










00 

00 
00 
00 
00 





4 St. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





3 st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


Light haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

Light haze 4 st. 

1 St. 

Light haze. 5 3t. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Light haze. 4 st. 
1 st. 
Light haze. 4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze 
10 st. 

Light haze. 1 st 
1st. 
Light haze. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



10 nim. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze 

1 St. 

D.haze. D. haze. 




. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 nim. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
2 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 


00 

'oo 

00 
00 


Lt haze. Lt haze. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
4 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


.03 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 



1st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 







w* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 



Dense haze. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st 


Dense haze. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


lOst. 


Dense haze. 
10 st. 
10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 7 st 

Light haze. 3 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 5 st. 

4 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.01 
.00 


3.41 




3.48 




4.22 




4.19 




4.16 




4.25 




.45 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
mean3. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst 





00 


1 cir. st. 6 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 


00 


5 st. Lt. haze. 


00 


6.08 


10 nim. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 7 st. 
1 cir. st. 7 st. 

10 St. 







s.t 


.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 0. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 7 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. S. t 


.01 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


lOst 
10 st. 
10 nim. 









.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


10 st 

Lt. haze. 7 st. 
10 nim. 









.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


D. haze. D. fog. 
2 st. 

10 nim. 


.02 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


D. haze. D. fog. 
1st. 

10 st. 


.02 
00 
00 
00 


9.29 

7.04 
7. 00" 
2.95 
7.25 


10 st. 

8 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
2 cir. st. 4 st. 


w.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. W. t 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st 
10 st 


00 
00 
00 

eo 

00 


4 st. 

9st 
lOst 
lOst 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
09 
00 


2 st. 
9st 

10 St. 


10 nim. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


1st 
Lt. haze. 4 st 
10 nim. 
Lt. haze. 

1st 


00 
00 

'oo 


1st. 
Lt. haze. 
10 nim. 
Lt haze. 

1st 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


6.20 

5.50 
5.00 
8.75 
2.41 


2 st. 


1 cir. 
1 cir. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





2 cir. st. 2 st. 
2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






10 St. 

1st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






4 st. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





2 st. 
Lt haze. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 








D. haze. 2 st. 

Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2.41 

.41 
4.79 
1.04 
3.79 


2 cir. 1 st. 





1 cir. 2 st 

2 cir. st. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


1st 

4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





2 st. 

4 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






D.haze. Lthaze. 

1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




o 
D.haze. Lthaze. 
o 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.83 

.00 

.00 

1.50 

2.1a 


1 cir. 1 st. 
lOst. 

1 cir. 2 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

10 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 
3 st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st 

2 st. 

2 st. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

2 st. 

2 st. 

Lt haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 5 st. 





e 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt haze. Lt. haze. 
1st. 

1st. 

Lt. haze. 5 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt haze. 
3 st. 



1 cir. 1 st 
Lt haze. 4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1.41 
5.0* 

1:95. 

1.20 
4.70- 


2 cir. st. 6 st. 
1st. 

10 St. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 

00 


1 cir. st. 5 st 



10 st. 

10 nim. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


2 cir. st. 4 st. 


Lt. haze. 4 St. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
01 
00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 



Lt. haze. 5 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 

00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 



Lt. haze. 4 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


3 cir. 



3 cir. st. 3 st. 

10 st 

10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5.79 

.25. 
4.08. 
8.04 
9. 37 


5.67 




5.67 




5.00 




4.00 




2.41 




2.51 




4.07 



292 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



Statement shotting the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 




3 a.m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


Date. , 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


B 
o 

1 

'pi 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

'p< 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




'a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


B 
o 

i 

'p< 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


"3 

'S, 


o 

i '■ 3 

Amount, kind, and I 3 

direction of clouds. 1 'p. 








o 

CD 

FH 
Ph 






o 

<d 






o 
Ph 






o 

CD 
t-i 

Ph 




<D 

Ph 


! CD 

[ - 


1882. 






























i 


Jan. 1 
Jan. 2 
Jan. 3 
Jan. 4 
Jan. 5 


10 st. 
1 cir. 


5 cir. cum. 4 st. 
1 cir. st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 


2 cir. cum. 3 st. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 



3 cir. cum. 3 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


1st. 

4 cir. cum. 2 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 4 st. SE. t 


2 st. 
4 cir. cum. 2 st. 

1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 4 st. | 00 

; 00 
Light haze. 2 st. l 00 

1 cir. cum. 3 st. 1 00 
! 00 


Jan. 6 
Jan. 7 
Jan. 8 
Jan. 9 
-Jan. 10 




1 cir. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1 cir. 


























00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




2 cir. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



2 cir. 


1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


-Jan. 11 
Jan. 12 
Jan. 13 
•Jan. 14 
■Jan. 15 


Light haze. 
10 nitn. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 










00 

.01 

.02 

00 

00 


Light haze. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 










00 

.01 

.01 

00 

00 



10 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 










00 

.01 

.01 

00 

00 


Light haze, 
lo him. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 










00 
.02 
.01 
00 
00 


Light haze. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
■0 


00 
.02 
.01 

00 

00 


Light haze. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 



00 

.02 

.01 

00 

00 


Jan. 16 
Jan. 17 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 19 
Jan. 20 




Light haze. 
Light haze. 

5 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





Light haze. 

9 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 







10 St. 
10 St. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 






lOst. 
8 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 








10 st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 

00 
00 



Light haze. 


10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 21 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 25 


10 st. 
10 nim. 















00 

.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

10 nim. 












00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 

9 St. 













.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 

4 st. 














!oi 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 nim. 

1st. 






00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 nim. 








00 

00 
00 
00 


Jan. 26 
Jan. 27 
Jan. 28 
Jan. 29 
Jan. 30 


10 nim. 














'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 














.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 













'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 





.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 




.01 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 




' 00 
00 
00 
00 


J"an. 31 


2 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 





00 


1 cir. 00 


Means. 


3.19 




3.12 




3.45 




3.12 




3.12. 


2.61. 


Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


1882. 
Jan. 1 
Jan. 2 
Jan. 3 
Jan. 4 
Jan. 5 


1st. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze 

1 cir. st. 4 st. 





. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


2 St. 

9 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 



1st. 

9 st. 


SE.* 







E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. 


1st. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 



Icir. 

10 cir. st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 4 st. E." 

1st. 
5 cir. st. 5 st. 

10 st. E. t 


1 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 6 
Jan. 7 
Jan. 8 
Jan. 9 
Jan. 10 
















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






5 cir. 2 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1st. 



1st. 

3 cir. cum. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 

1 cir. cum. 1 st. 



1 cir. 1st. 

3 cir. cum. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. st. 

1 cir. cum. 1 st. 



2 cir. 1 st. 

1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 



3 cir. 1st. 
1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 11 
Jan. 12 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 14 
Jan. 15 


Dense haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
Light haze. 










00 
00 

00 
00 


lOst. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 













00 
00 

'oo 

00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 











00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 













00 
00 

'oo 

00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 




00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 



1 cir. 


00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 16 
Jan. 17 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 19 
Jan. 20 



10 st. 



10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




10 st. 



7 cir. 3 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
1st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
10 St. 
10 St. 
10 St. 
10 St. 





SE.* 


"W.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. W. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1 cir. 9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. TV. f 


00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 21 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 25 


10 at. 
10 st. 



10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 




10st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 St. 




10 nim. 




sw.* 






00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 

1 St. 


10 nim. 






w.* 





00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 St. 

10 st. . TV. * 





10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st. 
7 st. "W. * 
1 st. W. * 
1 cir. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


Jan. 26 
Jan. 27 
Jan. 28 
Jan. 29 
Jan. 30 


2 st. 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 













00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 














00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 






00 
00 

00 ' 
00 [ 
00 


Jan. 31 


4 cir. 6 st. 





00 


Light haze. 6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


6 cir. Dense haze. 


00 


2 cir. Den so haze. 


00 


Means. 


3.29 




3.87. 




4.22. 




4.25. 




4.54. 




4. 38. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 

character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



293 



7 a. m. 


■8 a.m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 




11 a. m. 






12 m. 


'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

% 

'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

ee 

'p, 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


o 

i 

'a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

'E 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
_o 

ce 

"p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


d 
_o 

'p. 


EH 

of 




o 
H 




<o 

Sh 

Ph 






Ph 






o 
<v 
n 

Ph 












o 

to 

tH 

Ph 


o 

a 
«4 . 


4 cir. 2 st. SE. t 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
1st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. 2 st. SE. t 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 


Light haze. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 

Light haze. 

1 cir. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 


Light haze. 



2 cir. st. 1 st. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 7 st. 


Light haze. 



2 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 






1 st. 

6 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






3 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 



00 

00 
00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 



00 

'oo 

00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st, 










00 

!oi 

00 

uo 


Dense haze. 2 st. 
9 st. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 











00 
.01 

'oo 

00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 
9 st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 










00 
00 

'oo 

00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 

lost. 

10 nim. 

4 st. 











00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


..01 
.19 
.09 

.00 
.00 



Light haze. 


10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. 4 st. 


10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




Light haze. 3 st. 


10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




10 St. 



10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



10 St. 


10 st. 
10 st. 










00 

00 
00 
00 
00 




10 st, 


10 St. 

10 st. 




o- 







00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


10 st. 

10 nim. 





Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 

'oo 

00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 





2 st. 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 













00 

00 
00 
00 


4 st. 
10 St. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 





10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.02 
.06 
.00 
.00 
.03 


10 st. 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






1st. 













00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
















00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.03 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


2 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 


00 


. 3 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


6 cir. 4 st. 





00 


.00 


3.19. 




2.83. 




2.67. 


- 2.77. 


3.06. 




3.29. 




.43 



7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
mean's. 


Dense haze. 2 st. 


E.t 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


4.87 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.04 


1st. 





00 


Dense haze. 1 st 





00 


1st. 





00 


2 St. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


1.08 


2 cir. st. 7 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9 St. 





00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 








00 








00 


3.75 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 








00 








00 








00 


3.12 


1 cir. st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 


.66 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.45 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.04 


6 cir. 1 st. 





00 


7 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 








00 


1.54 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 


1.29 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


5.37 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


9.91 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


l"st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10.00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


4.75 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 








00 








00 


.29 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 


.54 


1 cir. 9 st. 





00 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 st. 


0. 


00 








00 


5.04 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 St. 


SE.* 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2.91 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


9.75 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 st. 





■ — 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


5 st. 





00 


9.66 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 





.02 


9.50 


Lt. haze. 4 st. 


w.* 


00 


Lt. haze. 5 st. 


"W.* 


00 


2 st. 


w.* 


00 


2 St. 


w.* 


00 








00 








00 


7.91 


Dense haze. 3 st 





00 


Lt. haze. 6 st. 


w.* 


00 


1st. 


w.* 


00 


1st. 


w.* 


00 


1st. 





00 


3 st. 


w.* 


00 


1.29 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 








00 








00 


.20 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





• — 


.10 nim. 





• — 


5.50 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 


3.08 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.04 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.00 








00 








00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 


.08 


8 cir. st. D. haze. 





00 


9 st. Dense haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze 





00 


D. haze. D. haze 





00 


D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


D. haze. D. haze 





00 


3.58 


4.58. 




4.41. 




3.74. 




3.22. 




2.64. 




2.64. 




3.42 



294 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Coirection to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a. in. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


■s 

o 

I 

is* 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


o 

'S. 
'8 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 
la 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

.5" 
'8 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
_o 
'-£3 
a 

'H. 
'8 


' ■ 

Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


_© 








Ph 




Ph 






Ph 






Ph 








u 
Ph 








Ph 


1882. 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 2 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 4 


D. haze. 
1st. 
Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 


Lt. haze. 



Lt. haze. 

2 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


D. haze. Lt. haze. 

1st. 

Lt. haze. D. haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


D. haze. 
1st. 
D. haze. 
Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. 



D. haze. 

Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 



D. haze. 

Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. 



D. haze. 

2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 



D. haze. 

Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. 



D. haze. 

2 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 




3 cir. 

10 st. D. haze. 

D. haze. 2 st, 








00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 5 
Feb. 6 
Feb. .7 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 9 


1st. 
D. haze. 

1st. 


Lt. haze. 




4 st. 





D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



10 st. D. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt.haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 

10 st. 
Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 
Lt. haze. 





Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 

Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. D. haze. 
10 st. D. haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. 

10 St. 
10 St. 




Lt. haze. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


lOst. 
lOst. 
Lt. haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


8 st. 


00 

| 00 
i 00 
00 

o ! oo 


Feb. 10 
FebTll 
Feb. 12 
Feb. 13 
Feb. 14 


Lt. haze. 




Lt. haze. 

1st. 


D. haze. 



D. haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. D. haze. 



Lt. haze. D. haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 





Lt. haze. 




D. haze. 



D.haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


D. haze. 





Lt. haze. 




D. haze. 



Lt. haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 





Lt. haze. 




D.haze. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 





Lt. haze. 




D. haze. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 15 
Feb. 16 
Feb. 17 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 19 


• 
1 ci. St. Lt.haze. 1st. 
10 st. 

1st. 
Lt haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2st. 
L.haze. 2 st.D. haze. 
10 st. 
D. haze. 
Lt.haze. D.haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 
lOst. 
Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 

D. haze. 
D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 


Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 

D.haze. 
D.haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 
Lt. haze. 
10 st. 
D. haze. 
D. haze. 


Lt.haze. 
Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. 








00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 20 
Feb. 21 
Feb. 22 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 24 


10 st. 
Lt. haze. 




* 



Lt. haze. 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 





1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

Lt. haze. 





1 cir. 



Lt. haze. 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Lt. haze. 


1st.. 
1 cir. 



Lt. haze. 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

D. haze. 


1st. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

Lt. haze. 


















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 25 
Feb. 26 
Feb. 27 
Feb. 28 




1 cir. 1 st. 
5 cir. 

D. haze. 3 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


lcir. 

7 cir. st. Lt. haze. 
D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 





2 cir. 
D. haze. 








D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 




3 cir. 
Lt. ha. 4ci. s. D. ha. 


00 
00 
00 
00 






5 cir. st. 

10 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 






Lt. haze. 

8 cir. st. 


4 st. 
Lt. haze. 








00 
00 
00 : 

00 


Means - 


1.3g 




1.57 




1.32 




2.00 




2.78 




4 


.10 




1 



Date. 


1p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1882. 








































Feb. 1 


Lt. haze 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 5 st. 





00 


Lt. haze. 4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 S 


Feb. 2 


2 cir. 


3 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. 





00 


4 cir. 6 st. 





00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


2 cir. 3 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 1 


Feb. 3 


D. haze. 


3 st. 





00 


4 cir. 6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 St. 





. — ' 


Feb. 4 


2 st. 







00 


3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 








00 








00 


Feb. 5 


• 3 st. 







00 


10 st. 





00 


2 cir. 8 st. 





00 


10 st: 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Feb. 6 


4 st. 







00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


4 cir. 6 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 3 St. 





00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


Feb. 7 


3 st. 







00 


2 cir. 3 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 4 St. 





00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


Feb. 8 


D. haze. 


5 st. 





00 


5 cir. 4 st. 





00 


8 cir. 8 st. 





00 


4 cir. 5 st. 





00 


2 cir. 6 st. 





00 


1 cir. 6 st. 





00 


Feb. 9 


3 st. 







00 


D. haze. 2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 


Feb. 10 


D. haze. 


6 St. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 








00 








00 


Feb. 11 










00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 12 










00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb 13 










00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 14 


Lt. haze 


3 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 2 st 





oe 


Feb. 15 


2 st. 







00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 16 


10 st. 







00 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 





.01 


1(1 nim. 





. 


10 st. 





. — 


lOst. 





00 


Feb. 17 










00 








00 


4 cir. 





00 


6 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 





00 


7 cir. 





00 


Feb. 18 


10 st. 







00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Feb. 19 


10 st. 







00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Feb. 20 


10 St. 







00 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. 7 st. 





00 


6 cir. 3 st. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Feb. 21 










00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 22 


1st. 







00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 23 


1 cir. 







00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 


I 00 


Feb. 24 


1 cir. 







00 


1 cir. 





00 


lcir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


Feb. 25 










00 








00 


5 cir. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


3 cir. st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 1 St. 





00 


Feb. 26 










00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


Feb. 27 










00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


Feb. 28 


10 St. 







.01 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


8 St. 





00 


Means . 


3.28 


4.42 




4.78 




4.35 




3.75 




3.71 


I 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount-of clouds on the right below j amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



295 



7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. in 


12 m. 


'c 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


H 

n 
t 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 
'-♦3 

ca 

'a 

'a 
9 

u 
Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


. 
o 

ft 

"3 
u 
Ah 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


1 

C3 

'o 
9 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


c? 
'o 

Q 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

_c 

a 

■*? 

P. 

'5 


5 

5 




2 cir. 

10 st. D. haze. 
D. haze. D. haze. 








00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. 
D.haze. D.haze. 
D. haze. D. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 




1 cir. 

D. haze. D. haze. 
D.haze. D.haze. 








00 
00 
00 
00 



Lt. haze. 2 St. 
D. haze. D. haze. 
Lt. haze. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 3 st. 
10 st. D. haze. 
Lt. haze. 








Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
3 cir. 3 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 

!oo 


10 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

Lt. haze. 5 st. 
10 st. 





t) 




00 
00 
00 
00 

oo 


10 st. 1 00 
10 st. 00 
4 cir. st. 4 st. 00 
10 st. ' 00 
10 st. 00 


10 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 6 st. 
10 St. 
Lt. haze. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D.haze. 8 st. 

10 St. 

Lt. haze. 5 st. 

10 st. 

Lt. haze. 5 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 
10 st . 

4 St. 
9 St. 
Lt. haze. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


3 st. 
5 st. 

4 St. 
8 st. 

Lt. haze. 3 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


D. haze. D. haze. 













00 
00 
00 

ou 

00 


D. haze. D. haze. 



Lt. haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 4 st. 




Lt. haze. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D.haze. D.haze. 




Lt, haze. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 4 st. 




Lt. haze. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D.haze. D.haze. 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 

.00 

• .00 

.00 

.00 


D. haze. 7 st. 
D.haze. Lt. haze. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
10 st. 




8 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 8 st. 
10 st. 
10 st.' 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

10 st. 


io st; 

10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. D. haze 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D.haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


3 st. 
10 st. 


10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

60 
00 


.00 
.01 
.00 
.00 
.00 


10 st. 










o 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st, 













00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 













00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 


• 












00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


10 St. 



1 st. 
1 cir. 
1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 




Lt. haze. 4 st. 

10 St. 








00 
00 
00 
00 






Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 




10 st. 







00 
00 
00 





10 nira. 




o 






00 
00 
00 





10 nim. 








00 
00 
00 
.02 





10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 


.00 
.00 
.00 
.03 


4.21 




4.14 


3.82 


3.21 




3.53 




3.07 




.04 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


lip. m. 


. 12 p.m. 




Daily 

means. 


2 st. 

3 st. 
10 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 

4 st. 

10 st. 




00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st, 
4 St. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. 

Lt. haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 

2 St. 


00 

i 00 
1 00 
00 


D. haze. 3 st. 
D. haze. 2 st. 
D. haze. 4 st. 
1st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 3 st. 

1 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1.29 
3.16 
5.41 
.95 


10 st. 

2 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. 7 st. 

1 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
2 cir. st. 3 st. 
2 cir. st. 2 st. 
9 st. 
2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 

st. 

2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
10 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 

2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 3 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 
1st. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00, 


D. haze. 5 st. 

2 st. 



Lt. haze. D.haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


7.20 
7.95 
3.70 
7.33 

2.87 






5 cir. st. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





2 cir. st. 1 st. 

1 cir. st. 
4 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





3 cir. st. 2 st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 

4 cir. st. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
. 2 st. 

2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 

D. haze. 4 st. 
1st. 
3 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 

1 st. 
1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1.04 
.04 
.50 
.29 

2.79 



10 St. 

7 cir. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 2 st. • 
10 st. 

cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 st. 

5 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st, 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. 4 St. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. 1 st. 
lOst. 

3 cir. st. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. Lt. haze. 2 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 
Lt. haze. 5 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2.54 
7.25 
5.83 
7.75 
7.91 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


4 cir. 
2 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


5 cir. 
3 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. D. haze. 




4 cir. 2 st. 

2 cir. 1 at. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


1st. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D. haze. 5 st. 


1st. 

1 cir. D. haze. 
1 cir. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt. haze. 2 st. 


1st. 

1 St. 
1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6.95 

.00 

.25 

1.45 

1.00 


4 cir. st. 1 st. 

3 cir. 



1 cir. 3 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. st. 2 st. 

3 cir. 



10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. st. 3 st. 
2 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 








00 

00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 3 St. 
1 cir. st. 4 st. 
1st. 

10 St. 








00 

00 
00 
00 


5 cir. D. haze. 

5 cir. st. 1 st. 
8 st. 

6 cir. st. 1 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


lcir.st.Lt.haze.lst. 

2 cir. Lt. haze. 1st. 

D.haze. 5st. 

2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1.83 
1.16 
1.83 
7.75 


3.85 




4.53 




4.85 




4.71 




4.14 




2.35 




3.50 



296 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



statement showing the amount, land, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 




2 a.m. 






3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 






5 a. m. 




6 a.m. 


Date. 




■ 


^3 






s 





a 

'43 






a 






a 



+2 






a 
e 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


OS 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


03 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


eg 

'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


1 








'o 
f-l 
P4 






'© 




'5 
u 

Pa 






'0 

<0 

PH 






u 

P4 






'5 


1882. 




































Mar. 1 


2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 





00 








00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Mar. 2 


3 cir.2 St. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


10 st. W. * 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


i 00 


10 st. 





00 


Mar. 3 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


lcir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


Mar. 4 


10 st. 


W. r 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Mar. 5 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 5 st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


Mar. 6 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 4 St. 





00 


Mar. 7 


1 St. 





00 








00 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Mar. 8 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


H 


.02 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 St. 





, 


10 St. 





00 


Mar. 9 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


5st 


00 


5 st. 





00 


5 St. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


Mar. 10 


9 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Lt. haze. 5 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Mar. 11 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


Mar. 12 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Mar. 13 


1 cir. Lt. haze. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 





| 00 


Mar. 14 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Mar. 15 








00 








00 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Mar. 16 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 








00 





p 


00 








00 


Mar. 17 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 


00 








00 








00 








00 


Mai: 18 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


Mar. 19 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 8 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. . 


10 nim. 


.01 


Mar. 20 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


3 st. 


# 








00 








00 


- 


1 00 


Mar. 21 


Lt. haze. 4 st 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 








00 








00 





1 00 


Mar. 22 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 St. 


00 


1 cir. Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


Mar. 23 


7 st. 


SW.f 


00 


1st. 





00 


, 1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 





00 


Light haze. 9 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


.— 


Mar. 24 


8 st. 





00 


8 st. W. * 


00 


10 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


Mar. 25 


1st. 


w.* 


CO 


1 St. 


w.* 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 


00 


Mar. 26 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1 st. 


00 








00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 2 St. 


00 


Mar. 27 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 4 st. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 





00 


Mar. 28 


1 cir. 1 st. 


0' 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 








00 








00 





00 


Mar. 29 


9 st. 





00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. "W. t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


Mar. 30 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


w.* 


00 


9 st. M"W. * 


00 


8st.NW.* D.haze. 


00 


lOst.NW.t Lt.haze. 


00 


lOst. 


00 


Mar. 31 








00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 





' 00 ! 

! 


Means . 


5.35 




5.00 




4.19 , 




3.80 




4.77 




5.12 


Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p.m. 


1882. 


































Mar. 1 


2 st. 





00 


3 cir.st. 5st. D.haz. 


00 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


Mar. 2 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


, 00 


Mar. 3 


10 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 7 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


4 cir. 


00 


Mar. 4 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 st. 





.01 


5 cir. 2 St. 


.00 


6 cir. 3 St. 





00 








00 





00 


Mar. 5 


10 st. 





00 


*9 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. • 





00 


10 St. 


00 


Mar. 6 


2 eir. 6 st. 





00 





00 


9 st. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


9sfc 


00 


Mar. 7 


3 cir. 5 st. 





00 


4 cir. 5 st. 





00 


9 St. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


Mar. 8 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 





00 


Mar. 9 


2 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


4 cir. 4 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


Mar. 10 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Mar. 11 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Mar. 12 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





p 


10 nim. 





. 


Mar. 13 


3 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 3 St. 


00 


6 cir. 2 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





'00 


Mar. 14 


4 cir. 4 st. 





00 


7 cir. 2 st. 





00 


8 nim. 


. 


9 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.— 


Mar. 15 


3 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 





00 


6 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 





00 


Mar. 16 


5 cir. 





00 








00 





00 








00 








00 





00 


Mar. 17 


3 cir. 





00 


4 cir. 3 St. 





00 


6 cir. 2 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Mar. 18 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 St. 





. — 


10 St. 


00 


Mar. 19 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.- 


Mar. 20 








00 








00 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Mar. 21 





00 








00 





00 








00 








00 








00 


Mar. 22 


10 nim. 





.01 


lOst. 





t 


4 cir. 3 st. 


00 


2 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


Mar. 23 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. 5 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


Mar. 24 


5 cir. 4 st. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 


00 


Mar. 25 








00 








00 


3 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





.00 


1 cir. 


00 


Mar. 26 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 4 st. 


00 


6 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


• — 


Mar. 27 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 


00 


2 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 





00 


Mar. 28 


2 cir. 6 st. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze 


. 


.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


! 00 


Mar. 29 








00 








00 


3 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


Mar. 30 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 








00 








00 





00 


Mar. 31 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


Means . 


6.29 




6.19 




6.20 




5.45 




5.58 




5.41 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



297 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



table, * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


S ». m. 


a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


'p. 






a 
p 
+3 






p 






a 
o 






a 
.2 






a 

p 




p 
p 


= '■3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


rt 

a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


c3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


S 1 









'o 

CD 
M 






'o 

<D 

u 
Ph 






'8 

H 
PU 






'3 

CD 

Ph 


• 




'o 

CD 
04 




'o 

M 

Ph 


o 

a 

•4 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


.00 


10 St. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


3 cir. st 3 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. 


.05 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


.00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


5 cir. 3 st. 


00 


.00 








00 


4 cir. Light haze. 


00 


5 cir. Light haze 


. 


00 


3 cir. st. 5 st. 





00 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


6 cir. 2 st. 


00 


.01 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.07 


5 st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


10 st 





00 


10 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 


.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





■— 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





.01 


8 st. 


.01 


.12 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


io st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.05 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 





00 


.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


5 cir. 3 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 St. 


00 


.02 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 


00 


.00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


3 cir. 


00 


.00 








00 








00 








00 


4 cir. st. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 


00 


.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 St. 





.01 


10 st. 


00 


.04 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


3 cir. st. 4 st. 





. 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir st. 2 st. 


00 


.06 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 





00 


.01 








00 








00 


Light fog. 





00 


Light haze. 4 st. 





00 


D. haze. Lt. fog 





00 


Dense haze. 


00 


.00 


Light haze. 4 st. 





00 


Light haze. 6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





# 


10 nim. 





t 


10 nim. 


, 


.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 


!oi 


.04 


2 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


6 cir. 3 st. 


00 


.00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 








00 





00 


.00 


Light haze. 6 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 8 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


.02 








00 








00 


1st. 





00 


2 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00. 


.00 


Light haze. 





00 


Light haze. 7 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.or 


3 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 


.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. M". W. t 


00 


.00 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


.00 


> 5.38 




6.00 




6.41 




7.00 


6.00 




6.32 




.51 


7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


5.45 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


8.20 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 7 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. "W.t 


00 


6.58 


3 cir. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. cum. 5 st. 





00 


9 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


8.58 


6 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


7 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


9.12 


9 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


6.70 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





# 


10 nim. 


.01 


5.91 


4 cir. 3 cir. cum. 1 st.O 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. 





'oo 


9 st. 


00 


9.16 


3 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


7 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. w. * 


00 


6. 6S 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


. 


9.66 





6 


00 








00 








00 








00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


5.20 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





, 


1 cir. 7 St. 





.01 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


8.08 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





'oo 


3 cir. 4 st. 





00 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 3 St. 


00 


4.00 


10 nim. 3T. W. t 


. — 


10 st. 





.01 


2 cir. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 


00 


8.08 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1.33 








00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


.62 


10 St. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


30 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


5.12 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


2 cir. 4 St. 





00 


3 cir. 4 st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 


9.33 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


1 cir. 9 nim. 


w.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


, 


8.29 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. Lt. haze. 3 st. 


00 


1.37 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


.66 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


9 nim. 





. 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. 





m 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. SW. * 


00 


5.54 


2 cir. 6 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


1 cir. 6 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





'oo 


7 st. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. N"W. * 


00 


7.33 


6 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 


W." 


00 


1 st. W. * 


00 


4.66 








00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1.37 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





— 


4 cir. 1 st. 





.01 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


5.37 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1.58 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 6 st. 





-00 


2 cir. 5 st. 





00 


2 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st 





00 


5 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


5.83 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


4.29 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 





00 


5.08 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


! cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


4.70 


5.61 




5.51 




5.51 




5.67 




6.03 




5.90 


5.01 



H. Ex. 44- 



-38 



- 



298 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 




3 a.m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 








§ 




c 
o 




a 
© 


o 


• 


a 
o 




o 


l)ate. 






"^ 




£ 




^3 


1 +3 




3 








Amount, kind, .and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 


c€ 


Amount, kind, and ; ^ 


Amount, kind, and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 


c3 




direction of clouds. 


'p. 


direction of clouds. 


■g. 


direction of clouds 


"h 


direction of clouds. 


.& 


direction of clouds. 


'& 


direction of clouds. 


& 








"3 




'3 




'3 




'o 




"3 




'3 










' 


2 




© 

u 




© 
u 




© 




© 


1S82. 




























Apr. 1 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 2 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 3 


9 st. 





00 


9 St. 


00 


7 St. 


00 


2 cir. Lt. haz. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. o 


00 


3 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


Apr. 4 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


uo 


1st. 


00 


1 st, 


00 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


08 


Apr. 5 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. Dense haze. 


00 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


.01 


Apr. 6 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 


Apr. 7 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


:ost. o 


00 


Apr. 8 


3 cir. 3 St. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


uo 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 


Apr. 9 


9 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Light haze. 7 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 7 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 10 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 


' 00 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


Apr. 11 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Light haze. D. fog. 


00 


Lt. haz. 1 st. D. haz. 


00 


Light haze. 


00 


1st. 


00 


Apr. 12 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 


Apr. 13 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 st. 


00 


10 st. SE. t 


00 


Apr. 14 


10 st. ¥NW. * 00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 15 


10 st. 


S. *| 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 6 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


Apr. 19 


10 st. 


S.t! 00 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. SSW. * 





lOst. SSW.* 


00 


10 st. SSW.* 


00 


10 st. SSW. t 


00 


Apr. 17 


10 st. 


. w.t . — 


9 st. Dense haze. 


. — 


9 st. W. t 


. 


9 st. W. t 


. — 


6 st. 


.01 


5 st. 


00 


Apr. 18 


6 st. 


NW.tl 00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 19 


10 st. 


I 00 


10 st. 


00 


io st, q 

3 St. s 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 20 


4 cir. st. 3 st. 


w. t 


00 


2 st. 


00 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


4 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


Apr. 21 


8 st. 





00 


8st. 


00 


7 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. D. hz. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


Apr. 22 


4 st. 


H¥. * 


00 


9 st. NW.* D. haze. 


00 


10 st. D. haze. W.* 


00 


2 cir. st. D. hz. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 6 st. 


00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


Apr. 23 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


• 1 cir. 


00 





00 





00 


Apr. 24 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


00 


Apr. 25 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 26 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


5 st. 


00 


Apr. 27 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. S. f 


00 


10 st. sw. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 28 


10 st. 


w.* 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. W. * 


to 


1 cir. 3 st. W. * 


00 


1 cir. D. haz. 2 st. W. t 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 


Apr. 29 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 


00 


1 st, 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


Apr. 30 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


— 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Means. 


6.93 




6.70 




6.26 


6.03 




6.30 




6.93 




Date. 


lp. m 


• 


2 p. m. 




3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1882. 


























Apr. 1 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


7 st, NW.* 00 


8 st. 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. 


00 


Apr. 2 


10 st. 





.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 3 


10 nim. 





..»- 


10 st. 


. — 


4 cir. 4 st. 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir, 5 st. 


00 


4 cir. 1 st. 


00 


Apr. 4 


6 cir. st. 3 St. 





00 


5 cir. 4 st. 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


Apr. 5 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Apr. 6 


8 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


4 cir. 4 st. 


00 


6 cir. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. 


00 


Apr. 7 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


5 cir st. 3 st. 


00 


Apr. 8 


1 cir. . 





00 


3 cir. 


00 


5 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 


00 


2 cir. 


00 


4 cir. 


00 


Apr. 9 


9 Dim. 





. — 


9 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 10 


D.fog. D,fog 





00 


D. fog. D. fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


D. fog. D.fog. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


6 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


Apr. 11 


1 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 


00 


2 cir. 


00 


2 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 





00 


Apr. 12 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Apr. 13 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


.01 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 14 








00 





00 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. 


00 


Apr. 15 


4 cir. 3 cir. st. 





00 


8 st. U 


00 


9 St. 


00 


10 st. SE.t 


00 


10 st. SE. t 


00 


9 st. ESE. t 


00 


Apr. 16 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. Dense, fog. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. | 00 


6 cir. 


00 


2 cir. 1 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Apr. 17 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Apr. 18 


5 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


3 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


4 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


6 cir. 


00 


5 cir. 


00 


5 cir.- 


00 


Apr. 19 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ' 


00 


5 cir. 4 St. 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Apr. 20 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. J 00 


3 cir. 5 st. 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. 


00 


Apr. 21 


3 cir. 4 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. | 00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Apr. 22 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Apr. 23 


1 cir. 





00 


3 cir. st. 


00 


3 cir. 


00 


Dense haze. ! 00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Apr. 24 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. !.— 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


Apr. 25 


7 st. 


ssw.t 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st, 


CO 


Apr. 26 


1st. 





00 


1 st. 


00 





00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st 


00 


Apr, 27 


Dense haze. 





00 


Dense haze. 2 st. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st 


00 


Apr. 28 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Apr. 29 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Apr. 30 


2 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 


00 





00 


6 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 


00 


2 oir. st. 


00 


Means. 


5.14 




5.00 




4.80 




5.00 




4.54 




4.66 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



299 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below, amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


8 a. 


ni. 


9a. 


m. 


10 a. m. 


11a. 


m. 


12 m. 


'p. 
'3 




a 








.2 




o 




s 
.2 












a 
o 
'■+3 


*a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


•a 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


ft 


a 




o 












c 










o 
p 






© 

en 


o 

1 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


.00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 5 st 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


, — 


1<0 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st, 





00 


6 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


.00 


10 nirn. 


• — 


10 St. 





.01 


3 cir. St. 7 st 





00 


2 st. 


00 


1 St. 





00 








00 


.02 


Light haze. 7 st. 


00 


Light haze. 


5 St. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


.00 





00 








00 








00 


1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


.00 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


!. 02 


10 nim. 





.0) 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


.07 


Light haze. D. fog. 


00 


Lt. fog. Lt. 


fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


.00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 


2 St. 


00 





00 








00 








00 


.00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 


00 








00 








00 


.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


.05 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


8 st. 


WNW.t 


00 


2 st. WNW.t 


00 








00 








00 


.00 


2 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


5 cir. st. 4 st 





00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


o cir. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


• — 


10 st. SSW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


6 st. 





00 


Lt. haze. 6 st. SSW.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 3 st 


W.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


w.t 


00 


._. 


6 st. 


00 


9 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


9 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


8 st. SSW.t 00 


4 cir. 3 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


3 st. 





.00 


.01 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 4 st. 


00 


DeDse haze. 


4 St. 


00 


Dense haze. 


5 st. 


00 


.00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 





.01 


10 St. 





00 


.01 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


.00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


5 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 mm. 


, — 


lOst. 





.01 


10 st. 





00 


.01 





00 








00 








00 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


.00 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


.22 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


SW.1 


00 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


.00 


4 st. 


00 


4st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


.00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


.10 


Light haze. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 





00 








00 








00 


.00 


2 st. 


00 


4 st. 


w.t 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


w.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. W.t 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


.02 


7.10 




7.36 




6.90 






6.10 


6.00 




5.53 




.41 



7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 




10 p. m. 




11 p. m. 


12 p. 


m. 


Daily 
roeans. 


3 cir. 3 st. 

10 St. 

2 cir. 2 st. 

3 cir. 1 st. 
■0 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 3 st. 

10 St. 

3 cir. 3 st. 
2 cir. 5 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 2 st. 
1.0 St. 
4 cir. 1 st. 
4 cir. 2 st. 






o 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 2 st. 
9 st. 

2 cir. 2 st. 
6 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 
1 cir. 


NW.* 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 St. 
9 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
9 st. 
1 cir. 


W.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8.66 
9.83 
7.04 
6.58 
3.95 


3 cir. 5 st. 
5 cir. st. 4 st. 
5 cir. 
9 st, 
2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 1 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 8 st. 

2 cir. st. 6 st. 
4 cir. 2 st. 

9 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st, 

3 cir. st. 5 st. 

4 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
3 cir. 2 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. SW.t 
3 cir. 1 St. 
9 st. 
1 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 
1 st. Light haze. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 St. S. t 
3 cir. 3 st. 
9 st. STW. t 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 St. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6.91 
9.04 
3.33 
8.87 
2.29 






10 st. 

Light haze. D. fog. 

9 st. ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




10 st. . 
Lt. haze. D. fog. 
9 St. ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




6 cir. cum. 1 st. 
Lt. fog. D. fog. 
9 st. ESE. 1 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



1st. 
4 cir. cum. 2 st. 
D. fog. D. fog. 
9 St. ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

1st. 
9 st. 

Dense fog. 
1 cir. st. 8 st. 





NW.* 


s.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 

1st. 

10 st. WW.* 

Dense fog. 

9 st. S.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.79 

.70 

8.12 

4.12 

8.58 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


2 cir. 

Dense fog. 
8 st. 










'oo 
ou 

00 
00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze 


4 cir. 1 st. 

5 cir. 3 st. 
4 cir. 4 st. 




,0 




'oo 

00 
00 
00 


3 cir. D. haze. 

3 cir. 

3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 

9 st. 

3 cir. 4 st. 




St. 




00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. D. fog. 

4 cir. 1 st. 

9 st. 

9 st. 

4 cir. 2 st. 






w.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cum. st. 8 si 
8 st. 
8 st. 
8 st. 
8 st. 


. s.t 

NW.t 
W.t 

W.t 



'oo 

00 
00 
00 


9 st. 
9 st. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. 
' 2 cir. st. 5 st 
9 St. 


w.t 
w.t 

w.t 
sw.t 

w.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


6.50 
4.79 
6.37 
8.33 
7.87 


D. haze. D. haze. 

2 cir. 1 st. 
Dense haze. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 1 cir. st. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


D. haze. D. haze. 

1 cir. 

D. haze. D. haze. 
10 nim. 

2 cir. 









00 
00 
00 
.02 
00 


3 cir. 5 st. 



D. haze. D. haze 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 1 cir. st. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


1 cir. 2 st. 
. 1st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 ci. s. 1 ci. cu 






2 s. 


00 
00 
00 

'oo 


3 st. 



10 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 


w.t 







E.t 


00 
00 

00 

'oo 


1 cir. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 
5 st. 









00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


4.54 
6.83 
1.83 
10.00 
6.79 


1 cir. 1 st. 
D. haze D. haze. 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1 cir. st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 1 st. 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 


10 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 

10 st. 
6 st. W. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 1 st. 
2 cir. 6 st. 


10 St. 
8 st. 






NW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.00 


4 st. 
9 St. 

10 nim. 
9 st. 







KW.t 


00 
00 
00 

00 


8 st. 

9 St. 


10 nim. 
9 st. 







w.t 


00 
00 
00 

'oo 


2.87 
6.54 
1.45 
3.08 
5.66 


3.66 




4.50 




4.86 




5.23 




6.08 




6.23 




5.74 



300 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind and direction of clouds, and amount and 

["Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. 


m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


a. m. 






a 

o 




' a 
o 




* 
o 





c 




o 




J 


Date. 




tn 




;■ ^3 




£ 




:£ 




'•+^> 




'S 




Amount, kind, and 


J Amount, hind, and ' -S 


Amount, Mnd, and 


r. 


Amount, kind, and 


e3 


Amount, kind, and 


CS 


Amount, kind, and 


<S 




direction of clouds. ! ^ft 


direction of clouds. ft 


direction of clouds. 




direction of clouds. 


[E. 
*3 


direction of clouds. 


*3 


direction of clouds. 


*3 




CD 

1* 




£ ■ 
i 




U 




03 
t-t 




Oh 




- 


1882. 






! 


1 












May 1 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


j 10 St. 1 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 2 


1 St. 


00 


2 st. 


1 00 


9 St. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 nim. 


. 


May 3 


10 nim. 


. — 1 10 nim. 


..— 


10 nim. .01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


May 4 


10 St. NE. t 


00 1 10 St. 


NE.t; 00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 5 


10 St. 


01 10 St. 


' 00 


; 10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 6 


1 cir. 6 st. E. t 


00 1 5 cir. st. 1 st 


NE.t 00 


3 cir. st. 1st. NE.* 00 


3 cir. st. 1 st. NE.* 


00 


4 cir. st. 1 st. NE. t 


00 


2 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


May 7 


10 nim. NE.* 


.01 ! 10 nim. 


NE.\. — 


10 nim. NE.*.— 


10 nim. NE.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


May 8 


10 nim. 


. — 10 nim. 


.— 


10 st. 1. _ 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 9 


10 nim. 


. — 10 nim. 


'.01 


10 nim. 1.01 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


May 10 


8 st. E. t 


00 j 9 st. 


E.t 


00 


i 9 st. 00 


9 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 11 


9 st. 


00 ' 10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


10 st. SE.* ! 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


B 


May 12 


10 st. S.t 


00 | 10 st. 


ssw.t 


00 


9 St. SSW.t: 00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 13 


10 nim. 


. — 1 10 nim. 


sw.* 


.01 


10 nim. SW.* 1 .— 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. 


May 14 


10 st. 


00 : 10 st. 





00 


10 nim. .— 


10 st. W. 1 


. — 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 st W. t 


00 


May 15 


10 st. SW.t 


00 10 St. 


00 


10 St. j 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 16 


10 st. 


00 1 Dense fog. 





00 


I 
Dense fog. 1 00 


2 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


2 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


1 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


May 17 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 





00 


10 st. .— 


10 st. " 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 18 


10 st. SSE. t . — 





00 


10 nim. .— 


10 st. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


May 19 


10 st. Dense fog. 


00 j Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 00 


10 st. Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


May 20 


10 nim. 


. — ! 10 nim. 





■ — 


10 st. .01 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 21 


10 nim. 


. 01 10 st. 





. 


10 st. 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 22 


10 st. 


00 1 10 st. 





'oo 


Dense fog. ! 00 


10 st. W.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Mav 23 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. E.* 


.01 


10 st. 


. — 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


. — 


May 24 


lcir. lcir.st. 2st. E* 


00 


1 cir. lcir. st. 1st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir.st. 1st. E." 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


May 25 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. : 00 


10 st. 


00 


May 26 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


May 27 


9 st. • E.* 


00 


9 St. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. E.* 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 


May 28 


1 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


E.* 


00 


lcir. st. 1st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. E.* 


00 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 00 


May 29 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 nim. .— 


May 30 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. ] 00 


10 St. 00 


May 31 


10 nim. 


• - 


10 nim. 


E.* . - 


10 nim. E.* 


• 


10 st. E.* 


•- 


10 st. E* 00 


10 st. E*. 00 


Means. 


9.00 




8.42 


8.23 


8.71 




8.71 

i 


9.00 




1 p. m. 


2 p. 


m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


1882. 


! 






















May 1 


10 St. 00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. .01 


May 2 


4 cir. 3 St. j 00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


D. fog. D. fog. 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. N.* 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. N.*| 00 


May 3 


Dense fog. t 1 00 


Dense fog. 





00 


3 cir. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 00 


May 4 


lOst. j 00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 5 


5 cir. 4 st. NE.t 00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


NE.t 


00 


3 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 


00 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


May 6 


10 st. SW.t j 00 


9 St. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. SW.t 


00 


3 cir. 6 st. SW.tj 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 7 


10 st. 


.01 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


May 8 


10 nim. 


. — 10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 




10 st. 


.01 


May 9 


10 st. 


00 i 6 cir. 1 St. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


7 cir. 2 st. 


0U 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 10 


9 st. 


00 1 10 st. 


E.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. E.t 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. E.t 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st 


00 


May 11 


9 st. 


00 9 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


9 St. 


00 


9 St. 


00 


May 12 


10 st. E. 


. oi ! io st. 





00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


Dense fog. 


. — 


May 13 


10 st. 


00 , 10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


May 14 


10 st. 


00 i 10 st. 





00 


8 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


May 15 


10 st. 


.0Q t lOst. 


sw.* 


00 


10 St. SW.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 16 


3 cir. 


00 ' 2 cir. 





00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Mav 17 


10 st. 


00 ] 10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


10 St. 


00 


May 18 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. . W.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 19 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 ' 2 cir. 2 st. 


w.t 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. W.t 


00 


4 cir. 4 St. W.t 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. ESE.* 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. ESE.* 00 


May 20 


7 st. SE.t 


00 10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


bo 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. .— 


May 21 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. 


. 


10 st. 


00 


May 22 


3 cir. st. 4 st. NE.t; 00 1 10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


8 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


oc 


May 23 


10 st. ! 00 I 10 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. E.* 


.00 


8 st. E.*| 00 


3 cir. 1 st. E.* 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. E.* 


00 


May 24 


4 cir. 3 st. E.* 


00 4 st. 


E.* 


00 


8 st. E.* 


00 


8 st. E.* 00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


May 25 


10 st. 


00 ho st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9 St. E.t| 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


May 26 


3 cir. 2 st. NE.t 


00 , 1 St. 





00 





00 





00 


1 st. NE.* 


00 





00 


May 27 





00 | 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


Mav 28 


4 st. NE.* 


00 I 4 st. 


NE.* 


00 


4 st. NE." 


00 


4 cir. st. 


00 


9 st. NE.* 


00 


9 st. NE.' 00 


May 29 


10 nim. 


. — ' 10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


May 30 


10st. 


00 10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 00 


May 31 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 


NW.t 


00 


10 nim. 


— 


10 st. NW.* . — 


9 st. E.* 


00 


9 st, E.* 00 


Means 


8. 10 7. 81 




7.29 


7.77 

1 


8.13 




7.97 

! 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAJJROW, ALASKA. 



301 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. J 



7 a. m. 


8 a. in. 


a. m. 


10 a. m. 


IS a. m 




12 m. 


cu 






p 









« 




a 




| . 


a 






p 




.2 




_o 




o 




1 




p 


'— s 














+j 
















o-~ 




Amount, kind, and 


cj 


Amount, kind, and 


$ 


Amount, kind, and 


OS 


. Amount, kind, and 


e3 


Amount, kind 


and 


3 


Amount, kind, and 


c5 


*i~s 




direction of clouds. 


'p. 


direction of clouds. 


:§• 


direction of clouds. 


.£• 


direction of clouds. 




direction of clouds. 


'g. 


direction of clouds. 


'&■ 


a ** 






"o 




s 




'3 




3 






'Z 




'3 


c 














CD 




9 










CD 








Ph 




Ph 




£ 




£ 






Ph 




Ph 


<i 




10 st. 


00 


10 st. j 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 St. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


5 cir. 4 st. NW.t 


00 




.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.- 


K) nim. 


.— 


Dense fog. 


.01 




04 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


1 00 


10 st. 


00 




00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ENE. t 


00 


10 st. ENE.t 00 


4 st. NE.t 


00 




00 


1 cir. st. 5 St. SW. t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


10 st. SW.t 


00 


10 st. SW.t 


00 


10 St. 


SW.t: 00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 






10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


o L — 


10 nim. 


. — 




l09 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 




.09 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 




10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 


.01 




.07 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E.I 


00 


10 st. E. t 


"oo 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. E.t 


00 




00 


10 st. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. _ 


10 st. 




10 st. 





00 


9 st. 00 




.OL 


10 st. 


oo 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. '.— 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. .— 




.02 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. W.tl 00 


lOst. 


W.ti 00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 1.— 


10 st. 


.- 


10 st. 


00 




. 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. j 00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


00 




00 


4 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


2 rir. Dense fog. 


00 


1 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


5 cir. Dense fog. | 00 


D.fog. D.fog. 





00 


3 cir. Dense fog. 


00 




00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. W. f 


. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 


00 




.02 


10 st. W.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. W.t 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


3 rir. 





00 


2 cir. 


00 




, 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 St. 





■ — 


lOst. S.t 00 




.02 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




. 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St., 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


E.* 


00 


5 cir. 4 st. E.* 00 




00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 00 




00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 St. ENE.* 


00 


8 st. 


NE.tj 00 


5 cir. 4 st. NE. t; 00 




00 


1 cir. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 





| 00 


! 00 




00 


1 cir. 1st. 


00 


2 cir. 1 st. 


00 


10 st. NE.t 


00 


10 st. ENE. t D. fog. 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t: 00 


10 st. NE.ti 00 




00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — . 


10 nim. Dense fog. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


1.01 


10 nim. 1.— 




.02 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. | 00 




• — 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


9 st. W.t 


00 


10 St. 


w.t: oo 


10 st, W.I 00 




■ - 


a 81 




9.13 




8.65 




9.00 




8.71 






8.23 






.44 



1 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. 


m. 


11 p. m. 


12 p. 


m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
2 cir. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

10 St. 
2 cir. 


N.t 






00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


5 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
10 St. 

1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

4 cir. 1 st. 





. 



00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. N.* 
10 St. 
10 st. NE.t 
10 st. 

1 cir. 2 st. NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

1 cir. 4 st. 




N.t 

NE.* 



NE.* 


00 

'oo 

00 
00 


8.71 
7.92 
7.50 
10.00 
6.54 


lOst. 
10 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 
5 cir. 3 st. 



- 





00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

4 cir. 4 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 2 st. 

3 cir. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 
4 cir. 2 st. 
2 cir. st. 4 st. 









00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 nim. 

10 nim. 

8 st. NE.t 

3 cir. st. 2 st. 


'oo 

00 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

3 cir. 4 st. 

9 st. 


NE.* 






00 
00 


8. 50 
10. 00 
10.00 

9. IS 
8.88 


2 cir. 6 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


1 cir. 7 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


9 st. 

9 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


2 cir. 6 st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 







SE.t 




00 

00 
00 
00 


8 st. 
3 cir. st. 5 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. SE.t 
10 St. 


00 

00* 
00 


10 st. 
9 nim. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
10 st. 




SW.t 



SE.t 




00 
.01 
00 

00 + 


9. 25 
8.08 

10. 00 
9.88 

10. 00 


10 st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 
3 cir. 5 st. 
10 St. 






SE.* 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 





w.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 






SE.* 



00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 
10 St. 

10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. o 
10 nim. , 


00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 


00 

'oo 


4.7!) 
10.00 
9. 5S 
6.90 
9. 88 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
2 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 





•E.* 




'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
lOst. 
10 st. 





E.* 




00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 




E.* 




'oo 

00 
00 

00 


10 nim. 

10 St. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

10 St. 

9 st. 





E.* 


E.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
lcir. lcir. st. 1st. E.* 
10 st. 
10 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 

00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. E.* 
10 st. 
10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9.58 
9.38 
7.54 
7. 88 
9.92 






9 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 




NE.* 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 





lOst. 
10 St. 

10 st. 





NE.* 




00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


10 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 


NE.* 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 



9 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 


E.* 


E.* 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 

1 cir. 

10 st. E.* 

10 st. 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 


E.t 


E.* 






00 
00 
00 

00 


5.46 
1.50 
6.08 
10.00 
8.33 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


9.04 


8.32 




8.32 




8.48 




8.35 




7.71 




8.65 




8.40 



J Light deposition of fine frozen particles. 



302 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





la. 


m. 


2 a. 


m. 


3 a.m. 


■la. 


m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a.m. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

_o 

C3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 
_o 

a 

"p< 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p' 
o 

33 

a 

'3. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

If 
— 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 
o 

i 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 
_o 
33 

S3 

'p. 








O 






© 

Pi 




© 

Eh 






© 
Pi 




8 

© 

Pi 




O 
P 


1882. 
June 1 
June 2 
June 3 
June 4 


4 cir. cum. 4 St. E.* 
Dense fog. 

10 st. NE.* 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. 3 st. 
Dense fog. 

10 St. 

10 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 at 
10 st 








00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 

00 

00 

.01 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


June 5 
June 6 
June 7 
June 8 
June 9 


10 nim. 
8 st. 
1st. 
1 cir. st. 
1 cir. st. 




sw.t 
sw.t 





.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
8 st. 
1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1 cir. st 




sw.t 
sw.t 




.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
8 st. SW. t 
1 st. SW. t 
1 cir. cum. 1 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 st 

6 st. 

1st 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. 1 st 




sw.t 
sw.t 





00 

0' 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
1st. 
1 st SW. t 

Dense fog. 
1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. WSW. t 
1 cum. 1 st. SE. t 
3 st. SW. t 

Dense fog. 
1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


June 10 
June 11 
June 12 
June 13 
June 14 


10 st. 

1 cir. st. 9 st. 

8 st. 

8 st. 
Dense fog. 


E.* 

NE.t 



E.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

3 cir. st. 7 at. 

8 st. 

8 st. 
Dense fog. 


E.* 

NE.1 
S.t 
E.t 



00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. E.* 
1 cir. st. 9 st. NE. t 
9 st. SW. t 
1 cir. st. 7 at. E. t 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st 
10 st 

9st 

1 cir. st 6 st. 
10 nim. 


E.* 


ssw.t 

E.I 



00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st. E.* Light fog. 

10 st, 
9 st. SSW. t 
4 cir. st. 5 st. E. t 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.17 


10 st. Light fog. 

10 st. 

9 st. SSW. 1 

5 cir. st. 4 st. NE. t 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


June 15 
June 16 
June 17 
June 18 
June 19 


Dense fog. 
9 st. NE.t Dense fog. 
lei. 5 s. NE.* Ltfog. 

Dense fog. 
9 st. SW.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
Dense fog. 

1 ci. 4 s. NE.' 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 






Lt. fog. 



SW.* 


.03 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
1 ci. s. 3 a. NE.* L. fog. 
Dense fog. 
9 st. SW.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st 

Dense fog. 
1 cir. st Lt 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 






fog. 



wsw* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st 

Dense fog. 

6 ci. st Light fog. 

1 cir. Dense fog. 

10 nim. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
1 cir. Light fog. 
10 nim. SW. t 


.02 
00 
00 
00 


June 20 
June 21 
June 22 
June 23 
June 24 


3 cir. st 5 st. SW.* 
Dense fog. 

9 st. NNW.* 
10 st. N.* 

lei. s.8a. NE.*Ltf. 


00 

.01 
00 
00 
00 


9 at. 

Dense fog. 
9 nim. 
9 st. 

3 ci. 2 st. ME. 


SW.* 


nnw.* 

NNE.* 
* L. fog. 


00 

'oo 


2 cir. st. 6 st. SW.* 
Dense fog. 

lcir. st. 9 st. NNW.* 
10 st. NNE.* 

1 ci. s.4s. E.* Lt. fog. 


00 

'oo 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. SW.* 
10 nim, 

9 st. NNW.* Ltfog. 
10 st. NNE.* 

1 ci. s. 1 s. E.t L. fog. 


00 
.01 
00 

'oo 


7 st. SW. t 
10 nim. 

3c.3a.NW.* Lfog. 
10 st. NNE. t 

1 cir. st 1 st. 


00 

'oo 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

9 nim. NW.* 
10 st. NNE. t 

1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 

00 
00 


June 25 
June 26 
June 27 
June 28 
June 29 


3 cir. st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

6 cir. st. 1 st. 




irw.t 


N.t 

rav.* 


00 
00 
00 

'oo 


3 cir. st. 1st. 

8 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

2 cir. st. D 



NW.t 

N.t 
.fog. 


00 
00 

'oo 


1 ci. st. 1 ci. cu. 1 a. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 
10 at. N. t 

1 cir. st. D. fog. 


00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 1 st 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st 
10 st 


NE.t 




N* 


00 

00 

.01 

00 


2 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 


00 
00 

00 
00 


1 cir. st 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 


00 

!oi 

00 
00 


June 30 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 at 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. • 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Means . 


6.46 




6.10 




6.00 




6.56 




6.23 




5.60 





Date. 


lp. 


m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p. 


m. 




4p- 


m. 


5 p. 


m. 


6 p. 


m. 


1882. 






































June 1 


1 St. 





00 


1 cir. at. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 


E.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


June 2 


4 cir. at. 


NE.* 


00 


2 cir. st. 5 at. 


NE.* 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. 


NE.* 


00 


3 cir. 3 at. 


N.* 


40 


2 cir. st 2 st 


N.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st 


N.* 


00 


June 3 


10 st. 





01 


10 st. 





00 


10 st 





00 


3 cir. at. 4 st 


NE.* 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. 


NE.1 


00 


1 cir. 5 at. 


NE.t 


00 


June 4 


10 at. 


E.t 


.01 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st 





00 


June 5 


Dense fog. 





00 


3 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 


s.t 


00 


9st 


S.t 


00 


June 6 


1 cir. 1 cum. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 St. 





00 


2st 





00 


2 cir. st. 





00 


3 cir. at. 1 at. 





00 


June 7 


2 cir. 5 st. 


sw.t 


00 


5 at. 


sw.t 


00 


5 cir. st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 








00 


June 8 


2 st. 





00 


5 St. 


E.* 


00 


3 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


8 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


June 9 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


9st 


E.* 


00 


June 10 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


8st 


E.* 


00 


9 at. 


E.* 


00 


4 St. 


E.* 


00 


June 11 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


8 st. 


E.* 


00 


2 at. 


sw.t 


00 








00 


June 12 


9 st. 


ssw.t 


00 


6 st. 


sw.t 


00 


2 cir. 1 st. 


sw.t 


00 


1 St. 





00 


1 cir. 1 at. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


June 13 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


n 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


June 14 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


June 15 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


NE.* 


00 


1 c. 7 s. NE.* 


Lt. fog. 


00 


June 16 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense log. 





00 


Light fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


4 at. 


NE.t 


00 


5 st. 


NE.t 


00 


June 17 


Dense fog 





00 


9 at. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


lOst. 


E.* 


00 


June 18 


4 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


6 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st 





00 


10 st. 


W.t 


00 


9 st. 


W.t 


00 


June 19 


9 st. 


sw.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.1 


00 


10 st 


SW.1 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


June 20 


10 nim. 





, 


Dense fog. 





t 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


W.t 


00 


10 St. 


w.t 


00 


June 21 


Dense fog. 





00 


8 st. 


E.t 


00 


JO st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st 


NNE.t 


00 


10 at. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


June 22 


9 nim. 


NW.i 


. — 


9 st. 


NW.t 


. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 St. 





00 


June 23 


8 st. 


NW.t 


00 


8 st. 


NW.1 


00 


8 St. 


NW.t 


00 


6 st. 


N.t 


00 


4 st. 


NW.1 


00 


5 St. 


NW.t 


00 


June 24 


5 cir. st. 1 st 





00 


3 St. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 at. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


June 25 


4 cir. cum. 1 st- 


00 


5 cir. 





00 


4 cir. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


4 cir. 





00 


2 cir. 3 cir. st 


1 St. 


00 


June 26 


10 st 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 at 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


June 27 


8 at. 


NNW.t 


00 


6 st. 


NW.* 


00 


10 st. 


NW.* 


00 


10 st 


NW.* 


00 


10 St. 


NW.* 


00 


8 st. 


NW.* 


00 


Jnne 28 


10 st 


N.* 


00 


10 st. 


N.* 


00 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 St. 


N.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


9 St. 


W.t 


00 


June 29 


lOst 





00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st 


N.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 


u 


00 


June 30 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


• 


00 


Means . 


4.96 




5.16 




4.86 




5.40 




6.60 




5.96 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



303 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 


9 a. in. 


10 a. m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




O 

rt 

'p. 
'3 
to 

P< 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 

Is 

& 
'3 

CO 
U 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
.2 
& 

"Sk 

'3 

CO 
F-t 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


.2 
% 
'3 

CO 

u 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


c 

ft 
'3 
o 
t-i 
Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


B 

© 

1 

'p. 

'3 

CO 

tH 

Ph 


=n O 

o 

< 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st, 

10 st. WSW. t 
lcir.^st. SE.t 
5 st. Sff.f 

Light fog. 
1 cir. 

10 st. Light fog. 
10 st, 
8 st. SSW. t 
8 cir. st. 1 St. NE. t 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. Light fog. 
10 st. SW. t 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 

8 st. SW. t 
8 st. NNE. t 
4 cir. cum. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. NNW.* 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 . 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 

00 

'oo 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3ci. st. 5 st. WSW.t 

1 cir. 1 cum. 
5 St. SW. t 

Light fog. 

2 cir. 

10 st. 
10 st, ■ 
7 st. SSW.t 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. Light fog. 
10 st. SW. t 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. Nff. t 
10 st. NNE.t 
4 cir. st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. HNW.' 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


Dense fog. 

1 ci. s. 2 s. Lt. fog. 

10 nim. 

Dense fog. 

1 cir. 5 st. WSW. t 
1 cir. 1 cum. 
6 st. SW. t 
4st.ENE.* Lt.fog. 
1 cir. 

10 st. ' E.* 
10 st. 
9 st. SSW. t 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 

1 ci. st. Dense fog. 

1 cir. cum. 1 st. 

10 st. SW. t 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. NW. t 
9 st. N. t 
5 cir. st. 

1 cir. cu. 2 ci. s. 1 s. 
Dense fog. 

io st, raw. t 

10 st. 
Dense fog. 

10 st. 


00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
.02 

.07 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


lc.s.2s.L.fog. 
10 st. NNE.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

9 st. WSW. t 

1 cir. 1 cum. 
8 st. SW. f 
2st.ENE.* Ltfog. 
Dense fog. 

8 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 

9 st. SSW. t 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
1st. 
10 st. SW. t 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. NW.t 
9 st. N. t 
3 cir. cum. 2 cir. st. 

2 cir. cum. 2 cir. st. 
Dense fog. 

io st. raw.* 

10 st, 
Dense fog. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

.01 

'oo 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 cir. 5 st. NE.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

8 st. WSW. t 
1 cir. 1 cum. 

9 st. SW. t 


Dense fog. 

8 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 

9 st. SSW. t 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

1 st, 
10 nim. SW. t 

Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 

10 st. NW. t 

9 st. N. 1 

3 cir. cum. 4 cir. st. 

3ci. cu. 2ci. st. 1st. 
Dense fog. 

10 st. NNW. t 
10 st. N.* 
Dense fog. 

10 st. 


00 
00 

!oi 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 

3 oir. st, 3 st. NE.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. * 

4 st, WSW. t 
1 cir. 1 cum. 
9 st. SW. t 


Dense fog. 

10 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 
9 st. SSW. t 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 

1 st. 
10 st. SW. t 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 

10 nim. NW.t 

9 st, NW. t 

6 cir. st. 

3 cir. cum. 2 st. 
Dense fog. 

2 cir. 5 St. 
10 st. N.* 
10 st. 

10 st. 


00 

OO 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

'oo 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


.00- 
.00 
.02 
.13 

.03 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.21 

.12 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.01 

.05 
.02 
.01 

!oo 

.00 
!03 

loo 

.00 


5.00 




5.10 




4.73 




4.70 




4.66 




5.00 




.G3 



7 p. 


m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p. 


m. 


10 p. 


m. 


lip. 


m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


1.87 


9 st. 


N.* 


00 


10 st. N.* 


00 


10 St. 


N.* 


00 


10 St. 


N.* 


00 


10 St. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE." 


00 


4.83 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. NE. t 


00 


1 cir. 6 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 St, 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9.33 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 


.04 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


9. 58 


9 st. 


S.t 


00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


9 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


4 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


9 St. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


8.25 


2 cir. st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


2.95 








00 





00 








00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


. 3.25 


1st. 


ESE.* 


00 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 


00 


2.29 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. E.t 


00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


lOst. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. E. 


00 


3.79 


8 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.I 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9 st, NNE. t 


00 


9.16 








00 





00 








00 








00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


00 


4.70 


4 cir. 1 St. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 cum 


St. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


9 st. E. t 


00 


6.83 


Dense fog. 





00 


1 ci. st. Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


lcir. 9 st. E.*D. fog. 


00 


10 st. ESE.* D. fog. 


00 


3.29 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


5.41 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


2.75 


4 st. 


NE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


8 st. NE.* Lt. fog. 


00 


1.25 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 


ESE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


3.37 


10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 cum. st. SW. t 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


SW.* 


00 


8 st. SW.* 


00 


4.00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 St. 


SW.1 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


9.62 


10 nim. 





m 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


# 


C.25 


10 st, 





00 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. 


N.t 


. 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 nim. 





. 


10 st, N. t 


. — 


6.58 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





, 


9 st. 


N.* 


00 


10 St. 


N.* 


00 


10 st. N.* 


00 


9.46 


1 cir. 4 st. 


NW.t 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. NW. t 


00 


8 st. 


NW.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


7.12 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 cir. si 





00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 


00 


3.50 


3 cir. 3 cir. st. 


2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. SE. t 


00 


9 st. 





00 


9 cum. st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. W. t 


00 


5.08 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


NW.* 


00 


10 st, NW.* 


00 


6.54 


1 cir. 7 st. 


NW.* 


00 


2 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


1 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


2 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


9 nim. N.t 


. — 


7.95 


9 st. 


W.t 


00 


8 st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. 


W.1 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


NW.* 


00 


10 St. 


NNW.* 


00 


lcir. st. 8 st. NNW.* 


00 


9.66 


10 st, 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


5.79 


Dense fog. 





00 


4 st. NNE.* 


00 


4 st. 


NNE.* 


00 


4 St. 


ENE.* 


00 


1st. 


ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. st, 1 st. 


00 


4.37 


6.23 




5.73 




5.66 




5.70 




6.13 




6.53 




5.62 



304 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement slwioing the amount, Mnd, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. ro. 


3 a. 


m. 


! 

4 a. in. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


Date. 




- 




a 

o 






a 




o 


1 . 

: a 
i _o 








Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


-2 


Amount, kind, and 


B 


Amount, kind, and 


3 


Amount, kind, and 1 -S 


Amount, kind, and 


% 




direction of clouds. 


'§< 


direction of clouds. 


'a 


direction of clouds. 


•~ 


direction of clouds. 


!§. 


direction of clouds. 1 a 


direction of clouds. 


'.=■ 






u 




u 
P4 










EU 


i s 




o 

p 


1882. 
























July 1 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


8 st. W. t 


00 


8 st. W.t 00 


July 2 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. st.*2 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


4 st. W. [ 


00 


5 st. W.t 00 


July 3 


9 nim. »0 


.01 


9 nim. 


.01 


9 st. 





.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


July 4 


1 cir. st. 6 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. SW. t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


July 5 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. W. t 


00 


2 cir. cum. 7 st. W. f 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. 


W. 1 


00 


9 st. W.t 


00 


8 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. W. i 


00 


July 6 


3 cir. 2 cir. st. 1st. C 


00 


3 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 cir. st 


. 2 St. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 St. 


00 


3 cir. 1 cir. st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


July 7 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. W. f 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cum. 1 st. 


00 


July 8 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 ci. 1 ci. st. 2 cu. st. 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 2st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


July 9 


1 cum. 7 st. W. t 


00 


1 cum. 2 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. 


w.* 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


.Dense fog. 


00 


July 10 


1 cum. 7 st. S. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 6 st S. t 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. SW. t 


00 


4 st. SW.ll 09 


July 11 


9 st. SSW. 1 


00 


9 st. SW. t 


.02 


1 cir. st. 8 nim. W. \ 


.05 


1 cir. st. 8 st. SSW. t . — 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


4 st. WSW. t 


00 


July 12 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. SW. * 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


SW.* 


00 


8 st. SW.* 


00 


8 st. SW*.0 


00 


8 st. SW.* 


00 


July 13 


1 cir. st. 1 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. W. v Light fog. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


w.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. W.t 


00 


9 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. W. t 


00 


July 14 


1 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


w.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 1st. W.* 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. W. t 


00 


July 15 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. IT. t 


00 


1 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Julv 16 


lei. st. 7 st. E. *Lt.f. 


00 


8st.E.* Light fog. 


00 


lei. st. 8s. E. 


*Lt.fog 


00 


9 st. E. * Lt. fog. 


00 


9st.E.* Light fog. 


00 


10 st. E. * Light fog. 


00 


July 17 


10 nim. 


.04 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.06 


July 18 


10 st. M. W. t Lt.fog 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 st. NW.t 


Lt, fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


July 19 


9 nim. 


.02 


10 st. SW.* 


■ — 


10 nim. 


S.W.* 


.01 


10 st. SW.* 


• — 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


July 20 


7 st SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


10 st. 


SW.* 


00 


10 st. SW. * 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


July 21 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. SSW.t 


00 


lcir. st. 9 st. S.tl 00 


Jul'y 22 


3 cir. st. 8 st. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. SW. t 


00 


8 st. 


SW.* 


00 


9 nim. SW.* 


. — 


9 st. SAV. 1 


. — 


9 st. SW.t 00 


July 23 


5 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW. * 


00 


9 st. 


SW." 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


.03 


9 St. SW.t: 00 


July 24 


2 cir. 5 st. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. SW.* 


.00 


2 cir. st. 6 st. 


SSW.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. SW.* 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


4 cir. st. 6 st. SW.t 


00 


July 25 


3 ci. cum. 2 st. SW. 1 


00 


2 ci. cum. 2 st. SW.t 


00 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 


w.t 


00 


2ci lci.cu. 3 s. SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


July 26 


9 st. SSW. t 


00 


9 st. S. t 


00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


July 27 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


. — 


Dense fog. 





.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.— 


July 28 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


July 29 


9 st. ESE. * 


00 


9 st. ESE. * 


00 


9 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


9 st. SE.* 


00 


9 st. SE.* 


00 


9 st. SE* 


00 


July 30 


2 cir. 1 st. S. * 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. SSE 


00 


5 cir. 3 st. 


SSE.* 


00 


4ci.4ci. cu. Is. SSE.* 


00 


3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


July 31 


1 cir. st. 3 st. SW. * 


00 


6 st. SW.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


SW* 


00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. SW.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 6 st. SW.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 5 st. SW. t 


00 


Means. 


6.93 




7.35 




7.41 




7.74 




7.38 




7.35 




Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. ni. 


5 p. ni. 


6 p. m. 


1882. 




























July 1 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ESE.t 


00 


9 st. 





00 


10 nim. ESE.t 


. 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.02 


July 2 


9 st. SW. t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


7 st. SW.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


July 3 


Dense fog. 


. — 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


09 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


July 4 


8 st. S W. t 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


w.t 


00 


10 st. W.* 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. W. 1 


00 


July 5 


10 st. W. 1 


00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


w.t 


00 


4 st. 


00 


4 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 1 cum. st. 


00 


Julv 6- 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 ci.l ci.s.l c.s.l s. W. t 


00 


lc.lc.s.2cu.2s.W.1 


00 


July 7 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


July 8 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 








00 





00 





00 


1 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


July 9 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


4 cir. 3 cir. st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. cu. 2 st. 


00 


July 10 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 


8st 


00 


8 st. 


N.* 


00 


1 cum. 3 st. 


00 


lcir. 2 cum. 2st. SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 cum. 2st.SWt 


00 


July 11 


2 cir. 1 st. 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


lc.2c.cu.2cu.3s.SWt 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. SW. t 


00 


July 12 


10 st. S.* 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


July 13 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 


00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


3 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


July 14 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.10 


10 nim. 


.13 


July 15 


lcir.st.5st.N.*Lt.f. 


00 


lci.st.3s.NE.tLt.f. 


00 


Light fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


lcir. 9st.NE.*D.fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


July 16 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


July 17 


10 nim. • 


.05 


10 nim. 


.06 


] nim. 





.04 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 st. 


.. — 


10 st. 


00 


July 18 


10 st. SW.t 


00 


10 st SW.t 


00 


8 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


July 19 


5 cir. st. 4 St. 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. W. t 


00 


3 cir. st. 4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cum. 4 st. SW f 


00 


2c.2c.cu.lcu.ls.SWt 


00 


lc.2c.c. leu. ls.SW.t 


00 


July 20 


4 cir. 5 st. SW.t 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. SW. t 


00 


9 st. 


s.t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


lcir. 3 cum. 3 st. SWt 


00 


2 cir. 2 St. SW.t 


00 


July 21 


10 st. 


. — 


10 nim. . 02 


10 nim. 





.07 


Dense fog. 


.04 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


July 22 


Dense fog. 


00 


8 st. 00 


9 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


2 c. 2 ci. cu. 1 cu. 1 st. 


00 


lei. 2ci.cu.lcu. ls.O 


00 


July 23 


9 st. SE.t 


00 


6 cir. st. 1 St. 1 00 


5 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 cum. 3 st. S.t 


00 


lc.le.s.3cu.3s.SW\t 


00 


lei. st. 4cu. 4 st. SW.t 


00 


July 24 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


July 25 


4 cir. 3 st. 


00 


2 St. 00 


9 st. 


s.* 


00 


9 st. S. t 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


July 26 


7 st. 


00 


9 st. 1 00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


July 27 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. i 00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. NE.' 


00 


9 st. W.t 


Ml 


8 st. W. t 


00 


July 28 


7 st. NE.* 


00 


8 st. NE.*j 00 


9 st. 


NE.* ( 00 


9 st. NE.» 


00 


9 st. NE.* 


00 


9 st. NE.* 


00 


July 29 


10 st. SE.* 


00 


9 st. SE.* 


00 


9 st. 


SE.*| 00 


8 st. SE.* 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. SE.* 


00 


1 ci. 1 ci. st. 3 st. SE.* 


00 


July 30 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


3 oir. 2 st. 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


July 31 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


8 st. 


w.* 


00 


3 st. 


00 


8 st. SW.* 


00 


4 st. SW.* 


00 


Means - 


6.09 




5.77 

« 




6.25 




6.58 




6.25 


5.54 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 



305 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to Avgust, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 am. 


8 a. m. 


It a. 


m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


ft 






q 






a 






a 






^ 
















p< 






o 
"43 






o 






o 
'-3 






o 






o 
+3 






t o 




Amount, kind 


, and 




Amount, kind 


and 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind 


and 




Amount, kind, 


and 


■+j 


Amount, kind 


and 






direction of clouds. 


C 


direction of clouds. 


p< 


direction of clouds. 


a 


direction of clouds. 


Pi 


direction of clouds. 


— 


direction of clouds. 


o< 


g+5 












o 












O 






o 






o 


o 






a> 












s 












© 






u 


1 






to 






PM 






to 






to 






to 






to 


«f 


3 st. 


■w.t 


00 


1 cir. cum. 4 st 


W.t 


00 


9" st. 


W.t 


00 


9 st. 





00 


2 cir. cum. 6 st 





00 


9 st. 





00 


.02 


7 st. 


"W.t 


00 


6 st. 


W.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


lOst. 


SW.t 


00 


8 st. 


SW.t 


00 


.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


0. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





, — 


.03 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


8 st. 


SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


SW.t 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


SW.t 


00 


3 st. 


SW.* 


00 


. .00 


10 st. 


"W.t 


00 


9 st. 


w.t 


00 


lOst. 


w.t 


00 


10 st. 


W.1 


00 


10 st. 


W.t 


00 


10 st. 


w.t 


00 


.00 


1 cir. 3 cir. at. 1 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 cir. st. 1st. 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


.00 


1 cum. 1 st. 





00 








00 








00 








00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


.00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 





00 


.00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


.04 


5 st. 


SW.1 


00 


2 st. 


SW.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


.00 


1 cir. 3 st. WSW. 1 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. WSW. t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


WSW.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


.07 


9 st. 


SW.* 


00 


10 st. 


SW.* 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


10 St. 


s.* 


00 


10 st. 


s.* 


00 


.00 


8 St. 


w.t 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


w.t 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


w.t 


00 


4 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 3 St. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


.00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


"W.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


w.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 1 st 





00 


1 cir. cum. 5 st 


¥.f 


00 


10 st. 


w.* 


00 


.32 


Dense fog. 





00 


5 st. 


N.* 


00 


4 st. W.t Light fog 


00 


1 ci. st. 4 s. K. • 


• Lt. f . 


00 


1 cir. st. 5 st. 


S* 


00 


1 ci. st. 3 st.N. 


k Lt.f. 


00 


.00 


10 st, E.* Light fog 


00 


Dense fog 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


. — 


lOnim. 





.07 


10 nim. 





.06 


10 nim. 





.05 


10 mm. 





.06 


10 nim. 





.06 


10 nim. 





.09 


.69 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


S.t 


00 


.00 


10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


.03 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


5st. 


SW.t 


00 


5 st. 


SW.t 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. 4 st. 


SW. i- 


00 


lOst. 


SW.t 


00 


.00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. 


s.t 


00 


10 st. 


s.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 St. 





, 


.13 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


. 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


.03 


cir. st. 4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


2 cir. st. 8 st. 


SW.t 


00 


2 cir. st. 7 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. 


SW.t 


00 


5 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


.00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


.00 


10 st. 





.00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.t 


00 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


8 st. 





00 





10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 





. — 


Dense fog. 





. — 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


.10 


10 St. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE." 


00 


7 st. 


NE.* 


00 


.00 


9 St. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


9 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.>' 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 


.00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. 


SE.* 


00 


4 cir. st. 6 st. 


SE.* 


00 


lOst. 


SE.* 


00 


7 cir. st. 2 st. 


SE.* 


00 


7 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


.00 


1 cir. 5 st. 


SW.t 


00 


2 cir. st. 4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


3 cir. st. 4 st 


SW.t 


00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


.00 


7.25 




6.64 




6.58 




6.00 




6.67 




6.87 




1.46 



7 p. m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11 p.m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 st. 




10 st. 


00 


10 st. SW.t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


9 St. 





00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


8.33 


1 cir. 1 st 


00 


1 cir. 1 ci. cum. 1 s. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 St. 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. 


ESE.t 


00 


9 St. S.* 


00 


5.79 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. W. t, 00 


5. GO 


10 st. W.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. W.t 


00 


1 cir. 7 cum. st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 s. W . t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


W.t 


00 


1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 st. W.* 


00 


7.58 


5 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


4 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


4 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


5 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


3 cir. 2 cir. st 


. 1 St. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


7.62 


1 cir. 7 st. W.t 


00 


3ci. leu. st.2st. W.t 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 


00 


lcir. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


5.16 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1.41 


1 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cum. 


00 


1 cum. st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cum. st. 


00 


1 cum. st. 





00 


1 cum. st. 


00 


2.41 


2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 1st. 


00 


3 cir. st, 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


9 nim. 


SSW.* 


.03 


9 st. S.t 


.01 


3.54 


lei.2c.cu.2cu.ls.SWt 


00 


lc.lc.cu.lcu.ls.SWt 


00 


2ci. 2cu. s.2s. SW.t 


00 


lci.lci.s.2cu.s.ls.SWt 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


SW.t 


00 


9 st. SSW.1 


00 


5.29 


1 ci. st. 2 cu. 2st. SW. t 


00 


2 cir. st. 7 st. SW. t 


00 


8 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. 


SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


6.41 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


9 st. W. * Lig 


htfog. 


00 


1 ci. s. 1 s. W.* L. fog. 


00 


6.25 


3 cir. 1st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 


00 


5.41 


Dense fog. 


■ — 


Dense fog. 


■ — 


Dense fog. 


.02 


10 st. W. t 


.02 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


4.33 


lc.lc.s.4s.NE.*D.fg 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. NE. t 


00 


1 ci. 7 s. NE. > 


Lt. fog. 


00 


lci.7st.E.* L.fog. 


00 


4.16 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


. 


7.62 


10 st. E.* 


00 


9 st. NE.t 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. j 00 


9.33 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 ci. 2 ci. cu. 4 st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


w.;t 


00 


9 st. W.t, 00 


8.70 


8 st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. W. t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. W.t 


00 


1 ci. 1 cu. st. 2 s. W. t 


00 


7 st. 


SW.t 


00 


8 st. SW. 1 00 


8.45 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 s. SW. t 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. St. 4 s. W.t 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. j 00 


7.29 


1 cir. 4 st. Light fog. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. i 00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


lei. lei. s. 4 s. SW t| 00 


7.33 


2 cir. 1 cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 cum. 2 st. 00 


1 cir. 5 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


1 cir. 6 st. 


SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


6.79 


8 st. SW.t 


00 


8 st. SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. 


. — 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


sw.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. SW. t 


00 


7.20 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. s. 1 cu. s. 2 s. 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


6.20 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


9 St. SW.t 


00 


5 st. SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SW.* 


00 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


6.41 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. SWt. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 


, _^_ 


9.45 


9 st. W.t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


5.58 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


8 st. E. t 


00 


8 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. ESE.* 


00 


9.33 


1 cir. 2 ci. st. 3 st. SE.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. SE.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. SE.* 


00 


1 cir. 2 cir. s. 1 s. SE.* 


00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. SE.* 


00 


7.70 


2 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 ci. st. 1 cu. 


st. W. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


6.08 


1 cum. 4 st. SW.t 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


3 st. W.* 


00 


4 st. 


SW.t 


00 


8 st. W.* 


00 


5.75 


5.61 




5.32 




4.72 




5.03 




6.35 




6.06 




6.40 



H. Ex. 44- 



-39 



306 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, Tcind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

["Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





i 1a.m. 


2 a. 111. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. 


m. 


6 a. 


m. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




o 

1 
'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

1 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

1 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

cS 
'Si 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


ci 
'E. 








ca 

EH 

CM 
















CO 






© 




© 


1882. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
„ Aug. 3 


9 st. W. t 

Dense fog. 

1 ci. 1 ci. st. 5 st. SW* 


00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

10 st. 
Dense fog. 


SW.* 

SW.* 



00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

Dense fog. 


sw.t 
sw.t 




00 

00 

00 


10 st. SW. t 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 


00 

'oo 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 


SW.t 




00 
00 


10 st 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 


sw.* 





00 

.02 
00 


Aug. 4 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 7 
Aug. 8 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
W nim. 

4 cir. 4 st. 


j 00 

00 

.03 

W.t. 01 

W.* 00 


5 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. st. 9 nim 

9 st. 


SW.* 


.SW.* 

w.* 


00 
00 

00 


10 St. 

1 cir. st. 9 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 


w.t 

NE.* 

SW.* 

w.* 


00 
00 

00 


10 st. 
10 st. E.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
9 st. W.* 


00 

00 

.09 

.01 

00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 




E.t 





W.* 


00 

00 
.02 
.02 

00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 






w.* 
w.* 


00 
00 

.07 

'oo 


Aug. 9 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 13 


10 st. SW.* 00 
10 St. WNW.* 00 
10 st. S.*i 00 
1 cir. st. 4 st. SW. t, 00 
10 nim. NW.*.— 


10 st. SW.* 

10 st. WNW.' 

10 st. S. t 

3 st. SW.t 

9 st NW.* 


'oo 

00 
00 


10 St. 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

5 st. 

10 st. 


SW.* 

w.* 

SW.* 

sw.t 

NW.* 


00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. W.* 
10 st. WNW.* 
10 st. SW.* 
3 st. SW.t 
10 st. NW.* 


00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

5 st. 

10 st. 


SW.t 
SW.* 

sw.t 
swt 

NW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
5 st 
10 St. 


SW.t 00 
SW.t 00 
SW.t 00 
SW.t 00 
NW.t 00 


Aug. 14 
Aug. 15 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 
Aug. 18 


9 nim. NE.t.— 
1 cir. 7 st. E.* 00 
9 st. ESE. * 00 
1 cir. cum. 9 st. SE.* 00 
1 cir. st. 6 st. E.* 00 


9 st. 

9 st. 

6 st. 

1 cir. cum. 8 s 

1 cir. st. 9 nim 


NE.ti.— 

E.*| 00 

SE.* 00 

. SE.*j 00 

. E.*L — 


10 St. 
10 St. 

5 st. 
10 st. . 
10 St. 


NE.t; 00 
E.t 00 

se.*! oo 

ESE.* 00 
ENE.* 1 .- 


10 st. NE.t 
10 st. E.t 
7 st. SE.* 
10 st. ESE * 
10 st. E.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 




0. 

E.* 

ESE.* 

E.* 


00 

00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
10 St. 
10 St. 
10 St. 
10 nim. 


00 

.- 

E.* 00 

ESE.*, 00 

.— 


Aug. 19 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 21 
Aug. 22 
Aug. 23 


6 st. 
8 st. 

1 cir. st. 9 st. 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 
10 st. 


E.t 

sw.t 

E-* 

NE.* 



00 
00 
00 
.00 
00 


2 st. 
9 st. 

3 cir. 4 st. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. 
10 st. 


E.t 00 

sw.t oo 

E.t; 00 

NE.* 00 

00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

6 st. 

10 st. 


E.t; oo 

1 00 

E.t; oo 

NE.* 00 
I 00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. E. t 
10 st. SW. t 
10 st. 

8 st. NE.* 
10 st. 


00 1 2 st. 
00 ' ]0 St. 
00 . JO St. 

oo ! io st. 

00 1 10 St. 


E.t 

sw.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 
10 st. 
lOst. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


E.t 00 
00 , 
00 
00 I 
00 


Aug. 24 
Aug. 25 
Aug. 26 
Aug. 27 
Aug. 28 


10 St. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 st. 


NE.* 

E.t 



NE.t 
E.t 


00 

i02 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 


NE.* 00 
.— 

NE.*.01 
N.* 00 
E.t.— 


10 St. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 





NE.* 
N.* 
E.t 


00 
.01 
.01 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. NE.* 
10 nim. ME.* 
10 nim. E.t 


00 ! 10 nim. 
. — 10 nim. 
. 03 | 10 st. 
. — ! 10 nim. 
. — 10 nim. 


o._ 

.01 

NE.*| 60 

1.01 

E.t.— 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


!.oi i 

.01 
00 I 

NE.* 1 .— ! 

E.t.— : 


Aug. 29 
Aug. 30 
Aug. 31 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


ESE.t 

NE.t 




'oo 

00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 


oL 
E.* 00 
E.t 00 


10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 St. 



E.* 




00 
00 


10 nim. E.t 
10 nim. NE. t 
10 St. 


. — 10 nim. 
.— 10 st. 

00 : 10 st. 


E.t.— 

NE.t..— 
00 


10 st. 
lOst. 
10 St. 


E.t 
NE.t 




00 

00 


Means. 


8.73 




8.22 


8.96 




9.03 


' 8.93 




8.93 




1 


1 
Date, i 1p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p. m. 5 p. 


m. 


6 p. 


m. 


1882. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
Aug. 3 


10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. ■ 


SW.* 00 
' 00 
1 00 


10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 


SW.* 




00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 


SW.* 




00 
00 
00 


10 st. SW.* 
Dense fog. 
3 cir. 5 st. NW. t 


00 9 st. 
. 02 10 nim. 
00 ! 1 cir. 3 St. 


i 

sw.* oo 

.01 

sw.* oo 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. 
1 cir. 1 st. 


00 
.02 

sw." oo 


Aug. 4 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 7 
Aug. b' 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 

7 st. 

10 St. 

8 st. 


00 

E.*| 00 

ssw.t 1 oo 

W.* 00 

S.ti 00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

8 St. 
10 st. 

9 st. 


N.* 

SE.t 

S.t 

w.* 

s.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
3 cir. 1 st. 


N.* 

E,t 

S.t 

SW.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. N* 
10 st. SE. t 

8 st. S. t 
10 st. SW. t 

7 cir. 2 st. 


00 10 st. 
00 10 st. 

00 : 8 St. 

00 8 st. 

00 1 cir. 8 St. 


W.* 00 

SE.t : 00 

SW. 1 00 

W.* 00 

00 


10 st. 
10 St. 

8 st. 

9 st. 
9 St. 


W.* 00 

SE.t 00 

SW.t 00 

W.* 00 

sw.t, oo 


Aug. 9 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 1 1 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 13 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 


sw.t 



s.t 



NW.t 


.03 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 St.. 


w.* 

SE.t 

S.t 






.05 
00 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
9 st. 


w.* 

S.I 

s.t 
o 




00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


Dense fog. 

10 st. S. t 

10 st. S. 1 

Dense fog. 

9 st. 


00 j 10 St. 
.02 | 10 st. 
.— 10 nim. 

00 10 nim. 

00 ! 10 st. 


00 

SW. t . — 

.— 

.02 

00 


10 st 

9 st. 

4 cum. 4 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 


NW.* 00 

SW.t 00 

.01 

NW.*.01 

NW.t 00 


Aug. 14 

Aug. 15 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 

Aug. Id 


10 st. 

10 St. 

9 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 



ESE.* 
E.* 

SE.* 
E.* 


00 

.00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 




SSE.* 

E.* 

E.* 

E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
9 st. 
6 st. 

10 St. 

9 st. 




SE." 
E.* 
E.* 
E.t 


00 

00 
00 

00 


10 st. 
] cir. 8 st. ESE.* 
7 st. E.* 

10 st. E.* 
7 St. E. i 


00 10 nim. 
00 1 cir. 8 st. 
00 1 cir. st. 8 st. 
00 10 st. 
00 ! 1 cir. 8 st. 


.— 

esr:.* oo 

E.* 00 
E.* 00 
E.* 00 


10 nim. . — 

1 cir. st. 7 st. ESE.* 00 

1 cir. cum. 5 st. E.* 00 i 

lOst. E.* CO 

10 st. E.* «'0 


Aug. 19 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 21 
Aug. 22 
A ug. 23 


6 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 4 St. 
10 St. 




NE.t 
NE. * 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 2 st. 

10 St. 
10 st. 

4 cir. 3 St. 
10 st. 




NE.t 

NE.t 
NE.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. 1 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 
5 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 St. 




NE.t 
W.t 

NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1 St. 00 
10 st. 00 
10 st. NE. t 00 

1 cir. 2 cir. st. 6 st. 00 
10 St. NE.t 00 


1st. 
9 St. 
10 st. 
2 ci. st. 1 cum 

10 St. 


E.t 00 

SE.t 00 

NE.* 00 

.2st. 0. 00 

E.t 00 


1 St. 

9 St. 
10 St. 

1 cir. 2 cum. 
10 st 


E.t 
SE.t 

NE.* 
2 st. 
E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Aug. 24 
Aug. 25 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 27 
Aug. 28 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
1 cir. 8 st. 


E.-t 



NE.1 

N.* 

E.t 


00 

.02 
00 

'oo 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
9 st. 


E.t 


NE.t 
N.* 
E.t 


00 
.02 
00 

00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


E.t 

NE.t 

N.* 



00 
.02 

00 


10 st. NNE.1I 00 
10 nim. 1.03 
10 st. NE.1j 00 
10 st. N.t!. 01 
9 st. E.t!.— 


9 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 


NE.t 


NE.* 


NE.t 


00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st 

10 nim. 

9 st. 

10 st. 
7 st. 





NE.* 


NE.t 


00 

00 
00 
00 


Aug. 29 
Aug. 30 
Aug. 31 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 








00 
00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 


ENE.t 




00 

.01 

00 


10 St. 

10 st. 
10 st. 


ENE.t 

NE.t 


00 
00 


10 st. ENE. t 
10 st. 
10 st. N. 1 


00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
10 St. 
10 St. 


ENE.t 

N.t 


00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st 
3 cir. 3 st 


NE.t 


N.t 


00 
00 
00 


Means 


8.61 




8.88 




8.61 




8.26 




8.96 




8.19 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



307 



character of precipitation, at TJglaamie % from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. 



1a.m. 


8 a. 


m. 


9 a. 


m. 


10 a. 


m. 


11a. 


m. 


12 m. 


'gl 
'3 
u 








a 






a 




,, 


a 






a 






a 






a 








o 






.2 






p 






o 






o 

*3 






o 






Amount, kind, and 


3 
♦2 


Amount, kind, and 


c8 


Amount, kind, and 


c3 


Amount, kind, and 


S3 


Amount, kind, and 


Amount, kind, and 


'S 


a 




direction of clouds. 




direction of clouds. 


'3 


direction of clouds. 


'3 


direction of clouds. 


2* 
'3 


direction of clouds. 


'3 


direction of clouds. 


'3 


a* 2 
p 

o 








03 












£ 

Ph 






o? 
u 






u 
ft 








a 




10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 6 st 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


10 St. 





. 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 




08 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





60 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 




00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 




00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 




38 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


8 st. 


S.t 


. — 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


9 st. 


sw.t 


00 




24 


10 St. 


w.* 


00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


10 st. 


w.* 


00 


10 st. 


W.* 


00 


10 st. 


w.* 


00 


4 St. 


w.* 


00 




04 


1 cir. 1 st. 


w.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


9 St. 


s.t 


00 




10 


10 nim. 


sw.t 


,_ 


10 nim. 


sw.* 


.01 


10 st. 


sw.t 


1 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 nim. 


sw.t 


.02 




11 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 




02 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 




02 


6 St. 


. sw.t 


00 


5 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.* 


00 


10 st. 


sw.* 


00 


Dense fog. 








Dense fog. 





00 




03 


10 st. 


NW.t 


00 


10 nim. 


NW.t 


• — 


10 nim. 


NW.t 


• — 


10 st. 


NW.t 


• — 


10 st. 


NW.t 


00 


10 St. 


NW.i 


00 




— 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


W.t 


00 


10 st. 


W.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 






10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SSE.t 


00 


10 St. 


SE.* 


00 


9 st. 


SE* 


00 


10 st. 


SSE.* 


00 







10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 




00 


10 St. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE* 


00 


10 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


10 st. 


SE.* 


00 




00 


10 st. 


E.» 


.01 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 






1st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 




00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.1 


00 




00 


10 st. 


NE.* 00 


30 st. 


NE.* 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. 


NE.* 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


NE.* 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


NE.* 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


NE.* 


00 




00 


10 st. 


| 00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


lOst. 





00 




01 


3" nim. 


.— 


10 St. 





, _ 


10 nim. 





, 


10 st. 





. 


10 St. 





00 


8 st. 





00 




01 


10 nim. 


1.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.— 


10 nim. 





!o2 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 





.03 




31 


10 st. 


| 00 


lOst. 





00 


lCst. 


j 00 


10 st. 





00 


lost. 





00 


10 st. 





00 




07 


10 nim. 


NE.*.— 


10 st. 





'. — 


10 st. 


NE.* 00 


10 nim. 


ST.* 


. — 


10 nim. 


N.* 


. — 


10 nim. 


N.* 


. 




02 


10 nim. 


E.t.— 


10 nim. 


E.t 


■ — 


lOst. 


E.t.- 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


. E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 




■ — 


10 st. 


E.t 00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 


ENE. t 


00 




__ 


10 st. 


NE.t. 00 


10 St. 


NNE.t 


00 


10 St. 


NE.1 


. — 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


. — 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


. 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


. 




!oi 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


NNE.t 


00 


10 st. 


S.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 




00 


9.00 


. 


8.74 






8.48 




8.38 




8.26 




8.12 




1.45 



7 p.m 




8 p.m 


• 


9 p.m 




10 p. m. 


lip. m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


6.87 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


8 st. SW. t 


. — 


lcir. cum. 8st. SSW.* 


00 


1 ci. s. 3 cu. 3 s. SW.* 


00 


6.00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. VVNW*. 


D. fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 st. , W.t 


00 


9 st. W. t 


00 


4.16 


10 st. 


NW.* 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


NW.* 


00 


1 ci. 2 ci. st. 3 s 


.NW.* 


00 


1 ci. 1 ci. st. 6 st. N.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. N.* 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


5.29 


10 nim. 


.— 


10 nim. 





.06 


10 nim. 





.05 


10 nim. 


.10 


10 nim. 


.09 


10 nim. 


.08 


9.58 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


4 cum. 4 st. 


sw.t 


00 


4 cum. 5 st. 


sw.t 


00 


9 st. SW. t 


00 


9 nim. W.* 


. — 


9 nim. W.* 


.02 


8.83 


8 St. 


w.* 


. 


9 st. 


w.* 


00 


9 St. 


w.* 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. W.* 


00 


10 st. W.* 


00 


10 st. W.* 


00 


9.41 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. SW.t 


.02 


10 nim. SSW.* 


.02 


10 st. SSW.* 


.01 


8.00 


10 St. 


NW.* 


00 


10 st 





00 


10 st, 


NW.* 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. NW.* 


00 


10 st. WNW.* 


00 


10 st. AVNW.* 


00 


9.54 


1 cir. 8 St. 


sw.t 


00 


9 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. SW.t 


00 


1 cir. cum. 9 st. S.* 


00 


9 st. S.* 


00 


9.79 


8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


sw.* 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. 


sw.t 


00 


7 st. SWt 


.01 


1 ci. s. 2 cu. 2 s. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 7 st. SW. t 


00 


9.04 


10 st. 


NW.* 


00 


10 St. 


NW.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


8 st. NW.* 


00 


5.62 


9 St.. 


NW.I 


00 


9 St. 


NW.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. 


NW.t| 00 


9 st. NW.t 00 


9 st. raw.* 


00 


9 st. NNE. t 


00 


9.54 


10 st. 


E.t 





10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


9 st. E.*| 00 


1 ci. 1 ci. st 6 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. cum. 8 st. SE.* 


00 


9.75 


8 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


8 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


9 st. 


ESE.* 


00 


2 cir. st. 7 st. ESE.*I 00 


10 st. SE.* 


00 


10 st. SSE.* 


00 


9.33 


3 cir. cum. 3 st 


. E.* 


00 


2 cir. cum. 4 s' 


. E.* 


00 


2 cir. cum. 5 st 


. E.* 


00 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. ESE.* 


00 


lcir. st. 8 st. ESE.* 


00 


8.25 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


1 cir. cum. 8 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. ESE* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


9.87 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


lOst. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


9 st E.* 


00 


8 st. E. t 


00 


9.50 


1st. 


E.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 


SE.* 


00 


2 ci. 2ci. cu. 2 st. SE. t 


00 


1 cir. 6 st. E. t 


00 


1 ci. 1 ci. s. 5 s. ESE t 


00 


3.87 


9 st. 


SE.t 


00 


9 St. 


SE.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


00 


1 cir. 8 st 


00 


9.54 


10 St. 


NE.* 


00 


9 St. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. NE. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 St. NE.* 


00 


9.83 


1 cir. 5 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 7 st. N. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


N.t 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


7.79 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 st E. t 


.01 


10.00 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 St. ESE. t 


00 


9 nim. S. t 


__ 


9.75 


10 uim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. .— 


10 nim. NE.* 


.04 


10 nim. 


.02 


10.00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


NE.* 


00 


1 ci. 1 ci. st. 6 st. NE.* 


00 


1 ci. s. 3 cu. 4 s 


NE.* 


00 


9 st. NE. tj 00 


9 st. NE. t 


00 


1 ci. cu.4cu.5s. NE. t 


00 


9.62 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





. — 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. NE.t.— 


2 cir. cum. 8 st NE. t 


. — 


10 st. NE. t 


. 


9.95 


8 St. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


NE.t 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 St. I 00 


10 nim. 


• — 


8 st. NE.t 


• — 


9.37 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


8 st. 


NE.t 


00 


8 st. 


NE.t 


00 


4 cum. 5 st. NE. t 


00 


10 st. NE.t 


00 


10 st NE. t 


00 


8.79 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st 


00 


10.00 


4 st. 


N.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


N.* 


00 


1st. 


N.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


8 st, 


00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


8.41 


8.09 




8.09 




8.12 




8.67 




9.06 




8.88 




8.59 



308 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



Statement shoicing the amount, Mnd, and direction of clouds, and amount and 









[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 


10U1 


s 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 




1a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a, iii. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


6a 


n, 


Date. 








"43 




a 




□ 

o 




c ' 




a 
p 




Amount, kind, and 


S 


Amount, kind, and 


& ! Amount, kind, and 


c3 


Amount, kind, and 


a 


Amount, kind, and 


♦j 1 Amount, kind, and 


a 




direction of clouds. 


'» 


direction of clouds. 


Pc 


direction of clouds. 


'.£• 


direction of clouds. 


'g. 


direction of clouds. 


'Z. direction of clouds. 


3 






'3 
P4 




'3 

u 




'o 

<d 
u 
Ph 




'3 
u 


• 


"3 ' 
9 
(E | 




'3 


1882. 


























Sept. 1 


7 St. 00 


8 st. 


00 


10 st. NNW. * 


00 


10 st, NNW. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 





00 


Sept. 2 


10 St. 


• — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 00 10 St. 





00 


Sept. 3 


9 St. NW. t 


00 


9 st. NW. t 


00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


4 st. 


00 


3 St. 00 ' 3 st. 





00 


Sept. 4 


10 St. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 00 i Light haze. 


5 st. 


00 


Sept. 5 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 St. 00 


1 st. 


00 


' 00 i 1 st. 





00 


Sept. 6 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


i Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Light fog. 00 1 Light fog. 





00 


Sept. 7 


10 st. ENE. * . — 


10 nim. ENE.* 


■ — 


10 nim. . — 


9 nim. ENE. t . — 


10 nim. [. — I 10 nim. 





.01 


Sept. 8 


10 St. NE. t 00 


10 st. NE. t 


00 


10 St. : 00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


Sept. 9 


10 st, E. t 00 10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. '. — 


10 nim. 


; 


10 st. 







Sept. 10 


10 st. 00 i 10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. .— 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





, 


Sept.]l 


10 nim. E. * . 01 1 10 nim. 1.— 


10 nim. .01 


5 nim. . — 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 





.01 


Sept. 12 


9 st, NNE. * 00 i 9 st. NE. t i 00 


10 st. 00 


6 st. NE.t'.— 


8 st. 


00 


9 nim. 


.— | 


Sept. 13 


10 nim. N W. * . — 


10 nim. NW.*Ul 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. .— 


10 nim. 




10 nim. 


.— 


Sept. 14 


10 nim. !.— 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. j. 91 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


.01 i 


■Sept. 15 


Dense fog. | 00 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


4 st. 


00 : 


Sept. 10 


1 ci. st, 9st.E.*d. ha. 00 


Dense fog. 


to 


Dense fog. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 : 


Sept. 17 


10 st. j 00 


9 st. 


00 


10 nim. 1. — - 


9 nim. NE. • 


■ — 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 


o - 


Sept. 18 


Dense fog. , oo 


10 st. SW. * 


00 


Light haze. 9 st. 00 


6 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 : 


Sept. 19 


1 cir. st. 9 st. 5W. t ! 00 


8 st. NW.t 


00 


8 st. N.t 


00 


6 st, NW. f 


00 


9 st. NW. t 


00 


10 st. 


NW.t 00 


Sept. 20 


10 nim. . W. t . — 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. NW. t 


, 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


Sept. 21 


9 st. NW.tl 00 


Light haze. 7 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


'oo 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


.— 1 


Sept. 22 


10 st. NE.t 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 10 st. 





00 


Sept. 23 


1 cir. 1st. E.tl 00 


7 st. E. * 


00 


7 st. E. ■ 


00 


Dense haze. 9 st. E. * 


00 


10 st. 


00 10 St. 





00 


Sept. 24 


10 st. ! 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


Sept. 25 


10 st. N. * 00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. N. * 


00 


9 st. N " 00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. N. * 


00 


9 cum. st. N. * 00 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


Sept. 26 


1 cir. st. 9 st, SW. t ! . 04 


9 st, SW. t 


00 


7 st. 00 


4 st. SW. t 


00 5 St. W.f 00 


3 cum. 3 St. 


W.t 


00 


Sept. 27 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 st. W. * 


00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


10 st. 


w.t 


00 1 


Sept. 28 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. S. t 


00 


10 nim. 


.09 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 st. SSW. t 


,_ 


10 cum. st. 


SSW. * 


00 


Sept. 29 


10 St. 


00 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 





.01 


Sept. 30 


9 st. 


01 


9 st. S. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 2 St. 


00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 


'oo 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


Means. 


8.23 




8.16 




7.96 




7.40 




8.36 


8.43 


Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. 


m. 


1882. 
Sept. 1 
Sept. 2 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


— 


10 st. 


— 


10 st. s.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 | 10 st, 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Sept. 3 
Sept. 4 
Sept. 5 
Sept. 6 
Sept. 7 


2 cir. 7 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 ! 6 St. 


00 


6 st. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 1 cir. 1 st. 


00 1 St. 


00 1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


1st. 


00 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 I 1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


2ci. 2ci.cu.lcu.st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 cir. cu. 3 st. 


00 4 cir. cum. 5 st. NE.t 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 10 St. NE. t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. ' NE.*j 00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 10 St. NE* 


00 


10 St. NE. ' 


00 ! 10 St. NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


Sept. 8 
Sept. 9 
Sept. 10 
Sept, 11 
Sept. 12 


10 st. NE. t'. — 


10 St. NE. t 


00 i 10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 j 10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. ! 00 


10 st. 


00 I 10 st. 


00 10 St. 


00 10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. E.* . — 


10 st. E.* 


. — 


10 nim. '. 01 | 10 fct. E.* . — 10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. E. t 00 


10 st. 


00 


8 st. NE. t 


00 8 St. NE. t 


. — 


8 st. NE. t 


00 


7 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. KW.t 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 8 St. NW. t 


00 


8 st. NW. t 


00 


10 St. 


NW.t 


00 


Sept. 13 
Sept. 14 
Sept. 15 
Sept. 16 
Sept, 17 


1 
lOst. N.t 00 


1 cir. 9 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 1 10 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


10 St, 





00 


10 st. E. t . — 


10 st. SE.t 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 


00 Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


4 st. 


00 


9 st. SE. t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. SE.t, 00 1 8 st. SE.t 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. SE. t 00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. ! 00 1 cir. st. 1 st. E.* 


00 


4 st. 


00 


7 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE. t 00 10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


Sept. 18 
Sept. 19 
Sept. 20 
Sept, 21 
Sept. 22 


10 st. SW.* 


00 


10 st. | 00 


10 st. I 00 i 10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. i 00 


Dense fog. 


o 


00 


1 cir. cum. 9 st. W. t 


00 


10 st. W. t 00 ! 10 st. W. t| 00 j 10 st, 


00 


10 st, SW.t 00 


10 st. 


w.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 7 st. 


00 2 cir. cum. 6 st. 1 00 1 cir. 2 cir. cu. 2 st, 


00 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


3 cir. 6 st. 





00 


10 st. NE. 




10 st. NE. t 


00 


10 st. NE. t 00 10 st. E. t CO 


10 st, E. t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. 


'oo 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.*i 00 8 st. E.*| 00 


2 cir. 7 st, E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


Sept. 23 
Sept. 24 
Sept, 25 
Sept. 26 
Sept. 27 


1 cir. 4 st. ENE. t 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. E. t 


00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. E. t 00 3 cir. st. 2 st, E. t 00 


3 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ! 00 ' 10 st. NNE. t 00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. 


N.I 


00 


10 st. Nff. t 


00 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. NW. t 00 10 nim. !. 01 


4 cum. 4 st. 


— 


9 st, 





00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 0;. 01 10 nim. . — 


9 st. SW.t.— 


10 st 


SW.t 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fpg. ! 00 Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Sept. 28 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


3 cir. Dense fog. ' 00 3 cir. 5 St. SW.* 00 


lOst. SW.* 00 


10 st. 


SW.* 


00 


Sept, 29 
Sept, 30 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. . 01 10 nim. |. 01 


10 st. |. — 


Dense fos- 





00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 10 st. E.*, 00 


10 st. E.* 00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


Means. 


7.73 




8.50 




8.20 




7.33 




7.46 




7.20 





EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



309 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, 1 signifies slow. Daily means of amount of olouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



• 7 a. m. 



S a.m. 



9 a. m. 



10 a. m. 



11 a. m. 



12 m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Amount, bind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



10 st. 

10 st. Light fog. 



3 st, 

2 cir. 2 st. 
2 st. 
1st. 
lOst. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

9 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 nim. 
10 nim. 
Light haze. 
10 "st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 
10st. 
10 st. 
2 cum. 3 st. 

10 st. 








ENE.t 


E.t 



















N.t 
W.t 
W.t 



10 nim. 
10 st. 



10 st. 
lOst. 



nnw.- ; 





2 cir. cum. 3 st. 
2 cir. 3 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 

10 st. ENE. t 



10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 



.01 I 10 St. 

.01 10 nim. 
00 ' 
00 10 st. 
10 nim. 



L.ha. 3cu. 4cu. s. SW.' 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 2 st. 



8.13 



10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
] nim. 
10 St.. 

10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



E.t 





ESE.t 



















N.t 

"W.t 

w.t 



3 cir. cum. 4 st. 
8 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. cum. 
1st. 



10 st. 

10 st. 
10 nim. 
lOst. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
10 nim. 
Light haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



NNE. 



10 nim. 
10 st. 

2 cir. 5 st. 
6 cir. 2 st. 
1 cir. cum. 
5 cir. cum. 1 st. 



NE.t 



E.I 1 .— 
.— 





1st 





10 St. Light fog. 
10 st. W.t 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

10 st. 



Lt.haz. 8 cu. st. SW. S 
10 nim. 

2 cir. 1 st. 



00 



10 St. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
10 St. 

10 St. 






n.i 


W.I 



10 st. SW* Light fog. 
10 nim. 

2 cir. 1 st. 



8.43 



8.73 



10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



NNE. 

NE.t 





ESE.t 





10 nim. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
6 cir. 
1 cir. cum. 

4 cir. cum. 1 st. 



10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



NE. 

NE.t 

E.' 
E.t 



01 



10 st. 
10 St. 

3 cir. 6 st. 
3 cir. 

1 cir. cum. 
G cir cum. 1 st. 

10 st. 











NE." 



WNW.t 00 



00 



10 st. 
10 nim. 
2 st. 

10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. 



00 
.01 
! 00 
00 
00 



10 st. wsw.* 

10 st. W. t 

10 St. 

10 nim. 

3 cir. cum. 5 st. 



10 st. 
lOst. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



ENE.* 


NW.t 





lOst. SW.* Light fog. 

10 nim. 

2 cir 6 st. 



9.00 



10 st. N. 1 

10 nim. ENE. T 

1st. 

10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. 

10 st. WSW.* 

10 st. W. t 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

2 cir. 3 cir. cu. 2 st. 

3 cir. cum . 6 st. ENE . * 
10 st. 
10 st. KW. t 
10 st, 
10 nim. 



10 nim. SW.' 
10 nim. 
3 cir. 5 st. 



Lt. fog. 





8.83 



10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 

10 st. 
10 nim. 
3 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 



NE.t 

E." 

WNW.' t 

N.t 
ENE.t 

E. 

NE; 



10 st. WSW, 

2 cir. cum. 8 st. W. t 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

5 ci. cum. 4 st. ENE. 

2ci. cum. 5 st. ENE.t 
10 st. 

10 st. NW. t 
10 nim. 

Dense fog. 



Dense fog. 
10 nim. 
3 cir. cum. 6 st. 



8.23 



1.09 



7 p. m. 



8 p. m. 



9 p. m. 



10 p. m. 



11 p. m. 



12 p. m. 



Daily 

means. 



10 st. 
6 cir. st. 3. st. 

5 st. 
1st. 


9 St. 
10 st. 

Dense haze. 
10 st. 
lost. 
3 cum. st. 
10 st, 

lOst. 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
9 st. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 
9 st, 

2 cir. 8 St. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

3 cir. 4 st. 
10 st. 

10 st, 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 

7.06 





S.* 




NE.t 

NE.t 



E * 
NE.'t 
NW.t 



Dense fog. 
7 cir. st. 3 st. 

2 cir. st. 5 st. 





10 st. 
10 st. 



NE.t 00 
NE.t 00 



00 I 10 st. 






00 





00 





00 


E.* 


00 





00 





00 


NW.t 


00 





00 


E.t 


00 


E.* 


00 



N.' 




SW.' 





10 St. 

8 St. 
3 cum. 

9 St. 

10 St. 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. 1 cum. st. 

9 st. 





NE.* 

NW. f 







00 ' 10 St. 



Dense fog. 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

2 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 nim. 





NW.t 



E.t 

E.* 



N.' 




sw. j 
o 
o 



1.90 



10 st. 
lOst. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
7 st. 
10 St. 



00 

00 

| 00 

NE.t 00 

NE.1 00 



10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. SE. t 






E.t 
NE.t 
NW.t 



10 st. N. t 

3 cir. Dense fog. 
1 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. E. t 

10 st. 



10 st. Light fog. 00 

9 St. NW.t 00 



lOst. 

10 st. 

6 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

1 cir. 7 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 nim. 



SE.t 


NE.t 



NE.t 00 



N: 



NW.t 



SW.* 


o 



8.13 



2 cir. 6 st. 

1 st. 

1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 







NE. 



NE.t 00 



10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. E. t Light fog. 

9 St. N. t 

10 st. NW. t 

10 st. 

1 cir. st. 9 st. E. t 

1 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. NE. t 

10 st. 



10 st. 
10 st. 
i cir. 8 st. 
10 st. 

4 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
9 st. 

5 st. 
9 st. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

8.26 





NW.t 
SE.t 


NE.t 

NE.t 

N.* 

W.t 

NW.t 

S.t 

SW.t 

E.' 



10 nim. 
lOst. 

1 cir. 7 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
1st. 

10 nim. 
10 st. . 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
4 cum. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 

2 cir. st. 7 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

9 st. 
lOst. 

10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 

8.23 





SE.t 






NE.t. 
NE.t 





E.t 

N.* 

NW.t 



E.t 



NE.t 






SE.t 
NE.t 




N.t 

W.t 

NW.t 

S.t 

SW.t 

E.* 



10 nim. 

3 cir. st. 5 st. 

8 st. 
2 st. 
1st. 

10 nim. 
lOst. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 
10 st, • 

10 nim. 

4 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 8 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. 4 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
9 st. 

lOst 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

8.53 








SE.t 


00 





00 





00 





00 


NE.t 


. — 


NE.t 


00 





00 


E.t 


00 


E.t 


. — 


N.t 


00 


NW.t 


00 





. 


SE.t 


00 





00 


NE.t 


00 





00 


NW.t 


00 





00 


SE. f 


00 


NE.t 


00 





00 





00 





00 





.01 


NW.t 


00 


s.t 


00 





00 





. — 


E.* 


.01 







9.37 
9.87 

6.83 

3.75 
0.95 
5.08 
9.95 

9.58 
10.00 
9.91 
8.33 
9.33 

10.00 
7.41 
3.37 
7.53 
9.91 

7.66 
9.50 
9.25 
9.83 
8.33 

7.66 

10.00 
9.37 
8.62 
7.41 

8.08 
7.50 
7.50 

8.06 



310 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Statement showing the amount, land, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time,— 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 




(J a. 


m. 






a 









p 




a 













Date. 




o 




33 




o 




o 




_o 










Amount, kind, and 


£ 


Amount, kind, and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


CS 


Amount, kind, and 


cS 




direction of clouds. 


'a. 
'o 


direction of clouds. 


'.& 

u 


direction of clouds. 


'a 
© 
u 

Dm 


direction of clouds. 


"ft 
"o 
© 


direction of clouds. 


"ft 

*3 


direction of 


clouds. 


[ft 

a 
u 


1882. 




























Oct. 1 


10 nim. 


.10 


10 nim. 


.07 


10 nim. 


.04 


10 nim. 


.06 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. 





.03 


Oct. 2 


9 st. 


■ — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. SSW.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


Oct. 3 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 





10 nim. . 


.01 


10 nim. 







Oct. 4 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


]oi 


10 nim. 


!oi 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





!oi 


Oct. 5 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


Oct. 6 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 | 10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 7 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct 8 


3 st. NE. t 


00 


5 st. NE. t 


00 


Lt. haze. 6 st. NE. t 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Oct. 9 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


D. haze. 6 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 8 st. 


00 


Light haze. 7 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 10 


Dense haze. 7 St. 


00 


10 mm. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. _ 


Lt. haze. 5 nim. 


.01 


Light haze. 3 st 


. 


Lt. haze. 6 nim. 




Oct. 11 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. — 


9 nim. 


. — 


4 St. 


. 


10 him. 


. 


10 nim. 





'oi 


Oct. 12 


Dense haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


.00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Light haze. 


00 


Light haze. 





00 


Oct. 13 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze, o 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Oct. 14 


1 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 





00 





00 








00 


Oct. 15 


2 St. 


00 


2 st. 


00 





00 





00 





00 








00 


Oct. 16 





00 


Light haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 17 





00 





00 


1 st. 


00 





00 


2 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Oct. 18 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


t 


10 st. 





10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 


Oct, 19 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


'oo 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 20 


10 St. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st 





00 


Oct. 21 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. ' 


. — 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 mm. 





, 


Oct. 22 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 





!oi 


Oct. 23 


1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Oct. 24 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 





t 


Oct. 25 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


. 


10 st. 


. 


10 st, 


. 


10 st. 


. 


10 st. 





'oo 


Oct. 26 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


9 st. N* 


00 


8 St. N.* 


00 


5 cir.cum.3st.NNWt 


00 


4 cum. 2 st. 


NNW.t 


00 


Oct. 27 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


9 st. NW. t 


00 


6 cum. 3 st. 


00 


5 cum. 4 st. 





00 


Oct. 28 


Dense haze. 3 st. 


00 


8 St. 


00 


9 st. W. 1 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 st. W. t 


00 


10 nim. 





._ 


Oct, 29 


9 st. S. t 


00 


9 st. S. t 


00 


8 st. SE.* 


00 


8 st. SE. * D. haze. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. SE. t 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Oct, 30 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. SSE.* 


. 


10 st. SSE. * 


.01 


10 st. SSE. * 


00 


lOst. 


SSE. t 


00 


Oct. 31 


10 st. 


00 


10 st S. t 


00 


9 St. SSW.t 


'oo 


10 st, SSW.t 


00 


10 st. SSW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SSW.t 


00 


Meajis . 


6.96 




7.25 




7.19 




7.16 




7.67 




7.48 




Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6p 


m. 


1882. 






















| 


Oct. 1 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. SW.t 


00 


9 st. 


00 


9 st. S"W.tl 00 


1 cir. cum. 7 st. S. t 


00 


2 cir. cum. 4 st. SW. t 


00 


2 cir. euro. 1 st 


00 


Oct. 2 


1 cir. 9 st. SW. t 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Oct. 3 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


_ , . 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


t 


10 nim. 





. 


Oct. 4 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. E.* 


. — 


1.0 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


'oo 


Oct. 5 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct, 6 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 7 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 St. 


1 00 


Oct. 8 


1 cir. 1 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. NE.*i 00 


1 cir. 1 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. NE.* 


00 


2 st. 


NE.* 


00 


Oct. 9 


10 st. 


00 


8 st. NE. t 


00 


9 st. NE. t 00 


10 st. j 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct, 10 


9 St. NE. t 


00 


8 st. NE. t 


00 


8 st. NE. tl 00 


6 st. NE. t 00 


5 st. 


00 


8 nim. 





. — 


Oct. n 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. '.. 01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


Oct. 12 


1 st. NE. t 


00 


1 st. NE. 1 


00 


1 st. Dense haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 


00 








00 


Oct. 13 


1 St. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Oct. 14 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 15 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Oct. 16 


10 st. E. t 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. E. t 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E.t 00 


5 st. E. t 


00 


1st. 





00 


Oct. 17 


2 st. E.f 


00 


5 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


8 st, E.* 


00 


8 st. E.* 


00 


lOst. 


E.* 


00 


Oct. 18 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 ! 10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 19 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 i 10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 20 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 | 10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 21 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


o 


00 


Oct. 22 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 9 st. 


00 


8 St. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


8 st. 


1 00 


Oct. 23 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 1 St. 


00 


1st. 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Oct, 24 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 I 10 St. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Oct. 25 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


. — 10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


Oct, 26 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 9 St. 


00 


9 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 





00 


Oct. 27 


6 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


7 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 J 7 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 


Oct, 28 


lost. WSW.1 


00 


10 st. WS"W. t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


| 00 


Oct. 29 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. SE.* 00 


4 st. SE.* 


00 


9 st. SE. t 


00 


10 St. 


SE.ij 00 


Oct. 30 


5 St. 


00 


6 st. 


00 


8 st. i 00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


02 


10 nim. 


|.02 


Oct. 31 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 St. W. t 


00 


9 st. W.* 


00 


9 st, W. t 


00 


9 st. 


W. ti 00 


Means . 


7.80 




7.61 




7.83 




7.48 


7.54 




7.67 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



811 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow.] Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


8 a.m. 




9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


'£■ 
"3 

V ° 








a 




a 




a 




a 




a 




d 








o 




o 








a 




o 




o 












••3 








+J 








^ 


C '-M 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


$ 


Amount, kind, and 


+= 


■f cS 




direction of clouds. 


Pi 


direction of clouds. 


•p, 


direction of clouds. 


— 


direction of clouds. 


p. 


direction of clouds. 


a. 


direction of clouds. 


P< 


a 








o 




•3 




o 




3 




o 




© 


o 












•u 




<D 




<0 




<a 




<0 
































< 








Ph 




P4 




Ph 




(k 




P4 




Ph 




10 nim. 





.05 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. 


.04 


1 
10 nim. . 02 


1 cir. 8 st. 


.01 


8 st. S.t 


00 




52 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 st. SW.t 


.01 


10 st. SW.t 


00 


10 St. SW.t ; 00 


5 cir. cum. 4 St. S VV .1 


00 


10 st. SW.t 


00 




06 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


1 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.02 




20 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim 


.01 


10 nim. .01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 




119 


10 St. 


ENE.* 


00 


Lt. haze. 9 st. ENE.t 


00 


3 cir. 7 st. ENE.t 


00 


10 st. ENE.1.01 


10 st, NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


.01 




01 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. . — 


10 st. NE.* 


_ 


10 st, NE.* 


00 




01 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




00 


3 St. 





00 


2 st, 


00 


1 st, 


00 


1st. 


00 


3 st. ENE.* 


00 


2 st. NTE.* 


00 




.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ENE.t 


00 


10 st. ENE.t 


00 




.00 


Lt. bazo 


8 nim. 


.01 


Lt. haze. 7 nim. 


. — 


Lt. haze. 8 st. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. NE.t 


. — 


R st. NE.t 


00 




04 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. '.— 


10 st. 


, — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




.05 


Lt. haze. 





00 





00 


Lt.haze. 00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 




.00 


Lt haze. 


D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 




00 








00 





00 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 




00 








00 





00 


| 00 





00 





00 


1 St. 


00 




00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st, ! 00 


Lt. haze. 10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. E.t 


00 




00 


2 St. 





00 


Lt. haze. 2 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 2 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 3 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 




00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




_ 


10 st. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 




.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




— 


Lt. haze. 


3 St. 


. — 


Lt. haze. 2 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




(Jl 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 jiim. 


■— 


10 st. 


• — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


3 st. 


E.t 


00 


2 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 


00 




.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




. — 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. 


00 




. — 


3 cum. 


1st. mw.t 


00 


4 ci. cu. 2 st. NNW.t 


00 


6 ci. cu. 3 st. HW.I 


00 


7 ci. cu. 2 st. MW.t 


00 


4ci3ci.cu.2s.NNW.t 


00 


5 ci. cu. 5 st. NNW.t 


00 




.00 


6 cum. 


2 st. 


00 


7 cum. 3 st. 


00 


8 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


8 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


7 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


7 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 




.00 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 


._ 


10 nim. 


00 


io st. SW.t 


._ 


10 nim. WSW.t 


_ 


10 st. WSW.t 







. 


1st. 





00 


1 st. 


00 


1 st. j 00 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 




.00 


10 St. 


SSE.t 


00 


10 st. SSE.t 


00 


3 St. : 00 


2 st. 


00 


3 st. 


00 


4 cum. 3 st. 


00 




07 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Lt.haze. 3 st. 00 


8 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


7 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 5 St. SW.t 


00 




.01 


7.22 




7.12 




6.67. 


6.90. 




7.32 




7.58. 




1 


.08 



7 p.m. 



3 cir. cum. 2 st. 
Dense fog. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

2 st. 

lost. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 





NE.' 







2 St. 
10 st. 

1 st. 

1st. 
lOst. 

10 st 

10 St. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
9 st. 



5 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3 cir. cum. 2 st. 





ENE.t 





E.* 



8 p.m. 



00 



10 St. 
lOst. 

9 st. 

9 st. 





SE.t 

S.t 

W.t 



7.67 



3 cir. 1 st 

10 st 

10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 st. 
lOst. 

10 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 



4 st. 
10 st 

1 St. 

8 St. 
10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

3 cir. cum. 2 st 








E. J 




NE.' 







E.t 





E.* 















9 p.m. 



10 p.m. 



11 p. m 



Daily 
means. 



00 2 cir. cum. 6 st, 
00 I Dense fog. 







01 ! 10 nim. 







00 I 9 st. 
00 10 nim. 



10 st, 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 

1 st. 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 
1st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 st 
10 st. 
lOst 
10 st. 
1 cir. cum. 3 st. 



.01 

E.*| 00 

00 

00 

00 

JfE.*! 00 
00 

o !.oi 



10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 7 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 



.— 

00 I Dense haze. 



00 

E.t! 00 

! 00 

E.t 00 

E.t 00 



10 st. 00 

19 st. SE. t, 00 

9 St. S. t 00 

1 cir. St. 9 st. W. f. 00 

8.45 



10 st. 
10 st. 
9 St. 
10 st. 




S.t 

SSW.t 

w.t 



2 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 

8 st 

10 St. 

10 St. 
10 st. 
10 st 
4 st. 

9 St. 
10 st. 

6 st. 
10 st. 







E.t 






NE." 







ESE.t 


E.i 

















SE.t 

ssw. t 





00 10 st 

. — 10 st. 

.02 10 nim 

00 10 st. 

00 10 st 

00 10 st. 

00 5 St. 



00 



8 St. 
10 St. 
10 st 
10 st. 

2 st. 



00 4 st. 

00 ! 10 St. 

00 ! 4 st. 

00 I 10 st. 

00 I 10 st. 

! 

00 i 10 St. 

00 I 10 st 

— j 10 nim, 

00 I 10 st. 

00 ! 4 St. 



00 , 10 st. 



00 9 st 
00 10 st 
00 10 st. 
00 i 10 st. 



8.54 




10 st. 

10 st. 
4 st. 



312 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, fcind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[■Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


Date. 




a 




a 
o 




a 




.2 




ri 




.2 




Amount, kind, and 


C3 


Amount, kind, and 


S3 


Amount, kind, and 


C2 


Amount, kind, and 


"Sa 


Amount, kind, and 


rt 


Amount, kind, and , £ 




direction of clouds. 


■S" 


direction of clouds. 


% 


direction of clouds. 


'S. 


direction of clouds. 


'§* 


direction of clouds. 


ft 


direction of clouds. 1 'S. 






(S 

Ph 








'o 

U 

Ph 




'3 
p 

PU 




"o 

9 
Ph 






p 
Ph 


1882. 




























Nov. 1 


5 st. . 


■ — 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


• — 


10 nim. 


.— 


Nov. 2 


1 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


Light haze. 4 st. 


00 


Light haze. 5 st 





00 


Nov. 3 





00 





00 


Dense haze. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Nov. 4 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 9 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 5 


2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 4 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 6 nim. 


.. 


Light haze. 4 nur 


L. 


, 


Nov. 6 


10 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


10 st. Dense haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 4 8t. 


00 


D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


Nov. 7 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 8 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 9 


n o 


00 


L.haz. 4s.NE.*D.haz. 


00 





00 





00 





00 


2st 





00 


Nov. 10 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


Light haze. 3 st. 




10 st. NW.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





. 


Nov. 11 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. !. 01 


10 nim. 


!02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


• — 


10 st. 


00 


Nov. 12 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


3 st. 


00 


Nov. 13 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1st 


00 


Nov. 14 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st 





OU 


Nov. 15 





00 


00 


| 00 





00 





00 








00 


Nov. 16 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 00 


1 st. 00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


3 St. 





00 


Nov. 17 


2 st. 1 00 


2 st. 00 


2 st. 00 


2 st. 


00 


3 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Nov. 18 


10 st. 


00 


io st, o ; oo 


10 st. ! 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Nov. 19 


10 st. Dense haze. 


00 


10 st. Dense haze. 00 


10 st. Dense haze. 00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Nov. 20 


Dense haze. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st 


00 


Nov. 21 


9 st. ENE.*: 00 


9 st. ENE.'j 00 


9 st. ENE.* 00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. E.* 


00 


3 st. 


00 


2 St. 


00 


Nov. 22 


10 st. W.t 00 


10 nim. ;.— 


10 nim. W.f.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


1.01 


Nov. 23 


10 st. WNW.' 


00 


10 st. WNW.*' 00 


10 st. [ 00 


10 nim. "WNW.* 


. 


10 nim. WNW.t 


. — 


10 st. "W.t '.— 


Nov. 24 


9 st. W.t 


00 


9 st. "W.t, 00 


10 st, "W.t 00 


10st. W.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


1 00 


Nov. 25 


•9 st. MW.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. W.* 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Nov. 26 


1 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


Nov. 27 


9 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 9 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Nov. 28 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 St. 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Nov. 29 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 





00 








00 


Nov. 30 





00 





00 





00 





00 


2 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Means. 


5.46 




5.50 




5.23 




4.93 




5.10 




4.93 




Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1882. 




























Nov. 1 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1 st. . 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Nov. 2 


8 st. NW.* 


00 


8 st. NW.* 


CO 


1 cir. 8 st. NW.* 


00 


9 st. NW.* 


00 


9 st. NW.* 


00 


10 st. NW.* 


00 


Nov. 3 


10 st. 


00 


6 st. NW.t 


00 


4 st. NW.t 


00 


5 st. NW.t 


00 


4 st. NW.t 


00 


6 st. 





00 


Nov. 4 


6 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 7 St. 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


3 cir. 4 st. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 





00 


Nov. 5 


Light haze. 6 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. o 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 6 


2 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


Nov. 7 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


Nov. 8 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. E.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. E.t 


00 


7 st. E.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 9 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


8 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


Nov. 10 


10 st. 


'oo 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


Nov. 11 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st 





00 


Nov. 12 


1 st. 


00 


2 st. NE.* 


00 


4 st. NE.* 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. NE.* 


00 


lcir. 4 st. NE.* 


00 


3st 





00 


Nov. 13 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 








00 


Nov. 14 


Light haze. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 st. ESE.t 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Nov. 15 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st 





00 


Nov. 16 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


lcir. 1st 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. NE. t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


Nov. 17 


5 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


Nov. 18 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


6 st. 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 4 st 


00 


9 st. ' 





00 


Nov. 19 


9 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


lcir. 1st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


Nov. 20 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. E.t 


00 


9 st. E.t 


00 


9 st. E.1 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


Nov. 21 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


9 st. NE.t 


00 


lcr. 2cr.st. 5 at. NE.t 


00 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


9st 





00 


Nov. 22 


Gst. 


00 


5 st. NW.t 


00 


10 st. NW.t 


00 


8 st. NW.t 


00 


9 st. W.* 


00 


- 9st. 


w* 


00 


Nov. 23 


L. haz. 4 cum. 4 st. "W. 1 


00 


3 cum. 3 st. W.t 


00 


2 cum. 3 st. "W.t 


00 


2 st. W.t 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. "W.t 


00 


8 st. 





00 


Nov. 24 


5 st. S.I 


00 


6 st. S.t 


00 


1 st. S.t 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st 





00 


Nov. 25 





00 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Nov. 26 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 6 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 5 st. 


0J 


7st 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 





00 


Nov. 27 


4 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. L. haze. 3 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


Nov. 28 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 St. 





on 


Nov. 29 





00 


1st. 


00 





00 





00 





00 


1st. 





00 


Nov. 30 





00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1 St. 





00 


Means. 


5.23 




5.53 




5.46 




5.16 




5.46 




5.33 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



313 



character of precipitation, at TJglaamic, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. ] 



7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

i 

"o 

2 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
^o 

[pi 
"3 

0> 

tH 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 

1 

'a. 
'8 

<o 
u 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


© 
"3 

CD 
(H 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


_g 

-g 

£• 
*3 

CD 
tH 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a. 

o 

I 

% 

CD 

EH 


fH 

^a 

!*■ 

o 

a 
< 


10 nim. 

Light haze. 6 st. 
3 st. 
10 st. 
Light haze. 5 st. 
D.haze. D.haze. 

10 st. 
10 st, 
2 st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 

2 st. 

2 st. 

2 st. 



2 st. 

Dense haze. 5 st. 

5 st. 

10 St. 

3 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 

10 nim. 
10 st. W.t 
10 st, 

2 st. 

3 cir. 2 st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 

2 cir. 2 st. 


3 st. 


00 
00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

'oo 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

D. haze. D. haze. 

1 st. 
Light haze. 6 st. 
Light haze. 6 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 

10 st. 
Dense haze. 8 st. 
Light haze. 3 st. 
Light haze. 5 st. 
10 st. 

2 st. 
2 st. 

2 st. 

1st. 

10 st. 

4 st. 
Dense haze. 6 st. 

3 st. 
Dense haze. 8 st.' 

3 cir. cum. 5 st. 
10 st. WNW.t 
10 st. 

1st. 

5 cir. st. 3 st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 

2 st. 
1st. 

3 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

Lt. haze. D.haze. 
Lt. haze. 4 st. NW.t 
3 st. 0. Lt. haze. 
Light haze. -C st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 
L.haze. 3 st. L.haze. 
10 sr. . 
Light haze. 7 st. 
10 st. 

2 st. 

2 st. 

Light haze. 


Light haze. 

8 st. 
Light haze. 5 st. 
Dense haze. 5 st. 

2 st. 
Dense haze. 9 st. 

10 st. 
8 cum. WNW.t 

10 st. 
1st. 
5 cir.3cir.cum.2st. 

3 cir.4cir.crun.lst. 

1 cir. 1 st 

lcir. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. 

D.haze. D.haze. 
Light haze. 2 st. 
2 st. 
Light haze. 6 st. 
Light haze. 8 st. 

Light haze. 6 st. 
L.haze. 2 st. L.haze. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

2 st. 
1st. 

Light haze. 




3 st. 
L.haze. 1st. D.haze. 
10 st. 

2 st. 
Dense haze. 9 st. 

Dense haze. 7 st. 
8 cum. WNW.t 

10 st. 
1st. 
5 cir. cum. 5 st. 

4 cir, L. haze. 1 st. 

1 cir. 


Light haze. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


6 st. 

10 nim. WWW* 
Light haze. 
Light haze. 1 st. 
Light haze. 7 St. 
10 St. 9 

5 st 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

Dense haze. 
1 st. Light haze. 

Light haze. 
1st. 


10 nim. 
L. haze. D. haze. 
10 st. 
9 st. ESE.* 
Dense haze. 7 st. 

10 st. 
9 cum. WW.t 
10 st, 



6 cir.2cir.cnm.2st. 

3 ci.L.hz.lst.L.hz. 

1 cir. 


Light haze. 


00 

.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00' 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st, 

3cL.hz.5st.KNW.* 
Light haze. 

4 cir. 2 st. 
Light haze. 7 st. 

3 cir. cum. 4 st. 

Dense haze. 4 st. 
Dense haze. 8 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 

1 st. Light haze. 
Light haze. 

1st. 
1st. 

2 st. 
L.haze. 3 st. L.haze. 
10 si. . 
10 st. 
Dense haze. 4 st. 

10 st. 

Light haze. 8 cum. 

1 st. S.* 



5 cir. 

3ci.L.hz. lst.L.hz.O 





Light haze. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

.01 
00 

.01 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


.01 

.01 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.19 
.03 
.05 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

!oo 

.00 
.00 
.00 

.05 

!oo 

.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 


5.13 




4.76 




5.20 




4.13 




5.03 




4.50 




.34 



7 p. m. 


Sp 


m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. 


m. 




11 p. m. 


12 p. 


m. 


Daily 
means. 


3 St. 





00 


Dense haze. 


3 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


5.21 


10 St. NW.* 


00 


10 st. 


2TW.* 


00 


io st. jsrw.t 


00 


8 st. 


NW.t 


00 


4 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


5.71 


Dense haze. 5 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


4.45 


6 cir. 3 st. 





00 


5 cir. 4 st. 





00 


10 st. E.t 


00 


7 st. 





00 


4 St. 





00 


2 St. 





00 


G.83 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


4 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


6.95 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. E.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


7.87 


3 cir. 5 st. 





00 


3 cir. 5 st. 





00 


• 10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


8.12 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


5 St. 





00 


8.29 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


7.04 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


7 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9.20 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10.00 


4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 st. WE* 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


3.33 








00 








00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1.04 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 








00 


1st. 





00 


.83 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1.00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


4 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 
9 st. 



NE.t 


00 

00 


2.29 


1 cir. 4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 4 st. 





00 


5 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


8 st. 


NE.t 


00 








4.87 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


4 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


6 st. 


KE.t 


00 


6.62 


Light haze. 2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


7.29 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


9 st. 


E.t 


00 


8 st. E.t 


00 


8 st. 


E.t 


00 


3 st. 





00 


5 st. 


E.t 


00 


5.71 


9 st. 





00 


9 St. 





00 


6 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 
lOst. 







00 

00 


7.25 


10 st. 


w.t 


00 


lOst. 


"W.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 








9.62 


9 st. 





00 


7 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


7.83 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


.NW.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


6.58 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


.33 


3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


3 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


5 st. 





00 


1 cir. 5 st. 


s.t 


00 


5.58 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


2 cir. 3st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


5.20 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1.79 


1st. 





00 








00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


.45 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


.91 


5.90 




5.96 




6.00 




5.73 




5.40 




5.53 




5.27 



H. Ex. 44- 



-40 



314 



EXPEDITION TO POEST BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement slioiving the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 



1 a.m. 



2 a. m. . 



3 a. m. 



4 a.m. 



5 a.m. 



6a.ni. 



Date. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



1882. 
Dec. 1 



Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



Dec. 7 
Dec. 8 
Dec. 9 
Dec. 10 
Dea 11 

Dec. 12 
Dee. 13 
Dec. 14 
Dec. 15 
Dec. 16 

Dec. 17 
Dec. 18 
Dec. IS* 
Dee. 20 
Dec. 21 





1st. 
Dense fog. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

lOst. 

1 St. 

1st. 
1st. 

lOst. 



9 St. 

Light haze. 4 st. 
1st. 
1st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 
2 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
4 St. 



00 
00 
' 00 



00 

00 

00 
00 

oo 

00 
00 

00 
00 



00 

o I 00 

00 

00 

W." 00 



Dec. 22 

Dec. 23 1 st. 

Dec. 24 i 

Dec. 25 ; 3 cir. st. 4 St. 

Dec. 26 | 10 nim. 

Dec. 27 j 

Dec. 28 Lt. haz. Dense haz. 

Dec. 29 ! 10 st. 

Dec. 30 J 

Dec. 31 3 st. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





1st. 

Dense fog. 
1st. 
1st. 
3 St.. 

10 st. 

1st. 

1st. 

1st. 
10 st. 


lOst. 
5 st. 


1st. 

1 St. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
3 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
Light haze. 3 st. 



1st. 


8 nim. 
10 nim. 



1 cir. st. 



5 st. 



3 st. 



1st. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Light haze. 

1st. 

Dense fog. 
1 st. 
1st. 

3 st. 

5 st. 
1 st. 
1st. 
1st. 

lOst. 


lOst. 

4 st. 
1st. 
1st. 



1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

5 cir. st. 2 st. 

3 st. WITWV 

Densehaze. 5st. W.' 





2 st. 


9 nim. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


1 cum. st. 7 st. 


2 st. 







N.t 










Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Light haze. 

1st. 
Dense fog. 
1st. 
1st. 
2 St. 

9 St. 
1st. 
1st. 

9 st. 



9 St. 
2 St. 
1st. 
1st. 



1 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

4 cir. st. 3 st. 

Light haze. 2 st. 

Dense haze. 8 nim. 



Lt. haz. Dens. haz. 00 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 





9 nim. 
10 nim. 

1st. 


Dense haze. 7 st. 

1st. 





N.t 










00 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 



2 st. 

Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 
1st. 
1st. 

3 St. 

Light haze. 5 st. 

1 st. 

1st. 


10 st. 


Light haze. 9 st. 

3 st. 
Dense haze. 9 st. 





1st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 
Light haze. 1 st. 
3 st. 



Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 

1 st. 



Denze haze. 8 nim. 

10 nim. 





Dense haze. 8 st. 



Light haze. 1 st. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



00 Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 






00 





00 





00 





00 





. — 



3 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 

1 st. 

2 st. 
2 st. 

Light haze. 9 st. 



2 st. 


10 St. 



Light haze. 3 st. 

Dense haze. 8 st. 





2 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 

4 cum. 

2 st. 

Light haze. 1 st. 

1st. 



Dense haze. 9 st. 
10 nim. 




10 st. 


Light haze. 2 st. 



Moans . 



2.77 



2.74 



2.93 



2.61 



2.70 



Date. 



1 p.m. 



2 p. m. 



3 p.m. 



4 p.m. 



5 p.m. 



6 p.m. 



188.-. 
Dec. 1 

Dec. 2 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 5 

Dec. 6 

Dec. 7 
Dec. 8 
Dec. 9 
Dec. 10 
Dec. 11 

Dec. 12 
Dec. 13 
Dec. 14 
Dec. 15 
Deo. 16 

Dec. 17 
Dec. 18 
Dec. 19 
Dec. 20 
Dec. 21 

Dec. 22 
Dec. 23 
Dec. 24 
Dec. 25 
Dec. 26 

Dec. 27 
Doc. 28 
Dec. 29 
Dec. 30 
Dec. 31 

Menus . 



Light haze. 1 st. 00 



1 st. 
1st. 

2 st. 

Light haze. 
10 st. 

Light haze. 

1st. 
Light haze. 4 st. 



2 st. 



Light haze. 1 st. 

Light haze. 9 st. 



1st. 

1st. 



1st. 
1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
4 st. 

2 st. 



Lt. haz. Dens. haz. 

1 cir. Lt. haz. 1 st. 



10 st. 

10 nim. 





1 cir. 




2 cir. St. 2 st. 

2.29 



1 cir. 1 st. 

1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

10 St. 



Light haze. 

1st. 

Light haze. 5 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 



2 st. 

1 cir. 8 st. 


2 st. 
2 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

5 st. 

1st. 



Lt. haz. 2 st. D. haz. 
Light haze. 1 st. 


10 nim. 

10 nim. 



8 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 



lcir. 

1 cir. st. 3 st, 

2.83 



SW.t 

o 
o 
o 
o 



1 cir. 1 st. 

4 st. 


1st. 
1st. 
10 st. 

1 St. 

2 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
1st. 
1 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 


2 st. 
2 st. 



1 cir. 1 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

5 st. SW.t 

Light haze. 2 st. 

Lt. haz. Dens. haz. 
Light haze. 1 st. 


10 nim. 

1 cir. 5 st. 



10 st. 

1 cir. st. 5 st. 


1 cir. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 

2.80 



1 cir. st. 1 st. 

5 st. 


1st. 
1st. 

9 St. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 

2 cir. cum. 3 st. 
1st. 

1 st. 

1 cir. st. 9 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 

1st. 



1 cir. 1 cir. st. 3 st. 
Is*. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

1 cir. 4 st. "W.t 

Lt. haz. 2 st. D. haz. 

4 st. Densehaze. 
1 cir. Lt. haz. 1 st. 


10 nim. 

1 cir. 4 st. 



10 st. 

2 cir. st. 6 st. 


lcir. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 

3.19 



1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 



6 st. 



1st. 

1 st. 
9 st. 

1st. 

2 st. 
1st. 

3 cir. 4 st. 
1 st. 



2 st. 

1 cir.- st. 8 St. 
1st. 
1st. 

2 st. . 



4 cir. st. 4 st. 00 

1 st. 00 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 00 

1 cir. 4 st. W.tj 00 

Dense haze. 9 nim. I. — 



2 cir. st. 3 st. 

5 st. 


1st. 

1st. 

10 st. 

1st. 

2 st. 
1st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
1st. 

3 st. 
8 st. 
1st. 
1st. 
2 st. 

8 st. 
1st. 

4 cir. st. 1 st. 
2 cir. 4 st. 

Dense haze. 6 nim. 











W.t 


o 
o 











w.t 



Dense haze. 
Light haze. 1 st. 

1st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 4 st. 



; 00 

.— 



3 cir. st. 6 st. 

10 st. 


3 cir. 1 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

3.70 



1st. 
Light haze. 1 st. 



10 st. 
Dense fog. 3 st. 

4 st. 

10 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 
1st. 

3.54 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



315 



table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a.m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 



1st. 



2 st. 

Light haze. 
2 st. 
1st. 
1st. 





10 st. 



Light haze. 2 st. 

1st. 
Dense haze. 6 st. 

lac. 



8 a. m. 



2 | Amount, kind, and 
'p. direction of clouds. 



00 : Light haze. 2 st. 



1st. 

Light haze. 

2 cir. st. Lt. haze. 
5 cum. 

Light haze. 3 cum. 



Light haze. 2 St. 

2 st. 


10 st. 
10 nim. 




Dense haze. 5 st. 


Light haze. 3 st. 



2.25 



2st, 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
D. haze. 

1 st. 


1st. 




D. haze. 



Dense haze. 9 st. 



9a.m. 



•I 

Amount, kind, and 
P< direction of clouds. 



10 a.m. 



Amount, kind, and I — 
direction of clouds. ! S, 



11 a.m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



1st. 
Dense haze. 

2 St. 
10 St. 




8 st. 



2 st. 


Light haze. 1 st. 

2 cir. cum. 2 cum. 
Light haze. 2 cum. 

Lt. haze. 1 cum. st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 


10 st. 

10 nim. 







Light haze. 1 st. 



Light haze. 2 st. 



2.38 



00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

III) 

00 
00 
00 

00 I 
00 I 

oo ! 

00 ; 
00 

I 

00 I 
00 I 

oo ! 

00 : 

oo ! 

00 

00 
00 
00 



Light haze. 2 st, | 00 



Light haze. 



1st. 


10 st. 



00 



Light haze. 

Dense haze. 

Light haze. 



Lt. haze. D. haze. 



Dense haze. 8 st. 



10 st. 



3 st. 
Light haze. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

4 cum. 
Lt. haze. 2 cum. 



Light haze. 2 st. 00 Light haze. 1 st. 



Light haze. 





2 st. 
10 st. 



Light haze. 

1 st. 



| 00 Light haze. 



, 00 10 st 



Light haze. I 00 

Dense haze. : 00 

Light haze. 3 st. 00 
i 00 

Lt. haz. 3 st. D. haz. | 00 



Light haze. 

1 st. Light haze. 

Light haze. 3 st. 


L. haz. 4 st. D. haz. 



Lt, haze. 1 cum. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


10 st. 
10 nim. 





1 cir. 
Light haze. 1 St. 



1 cir. Lt. haz. 2 st. 



00 

I 00 

i 00 

00 

00 

I 00 

I 00 

I 00 

00 

.01 

I 00 

I 00 

00 

! oo 

00 



Lt. haz. 1 st. L. haz. 00 J L. haz. 1 st. L. haz. 

Light haze. 6 st I 00 I Light haze. 9 st. 

I 00 I 

2 st. 00 I 4 st. 

' 00 



12 m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



Light haze. 1 st. 



Light haze. 



2 st. 

Light haze. 
10 st. 



Light haze. 

Light haze. 

L. haz. 3 st. D. haz. 


L. haz. 4 st. D. haz. 






00 Lt, haze. 
00 I 10 st. 
00 I 
00 1st. 
00 I 1 st. 



Lt. haze. 








2.19 



Liaht haze. 3 st. 1 00 
Light haze. ; 00 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. J 00 
3 cir. cum. 2 cum. ! 00 
L. haz. 2 cu. L. haz. ; 00 



L. haz. 1 cu. L. haz. 

1 cir. 1 st. 



10 st. 

10 nim. 





1 cir. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 



2 cir. Lt. haz. 1 st, 



2.12 



Light haze. 3 st. 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Dense haze. 6 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


10 st. 
10 nim. ' 



1 cir. 


1 cir. 

2 cir. 



I 00 

00 

I 00 

| 00 

j.— 

| 00 

00 

00 

00 

o ! oo 



1st. 

Light haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
Dense haze. 5 st. 
Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 

Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
1 cir. Lt. haz. 1 st. 


10 st. 

10 nim. 





1 cir. 




2 cir. 



2.22 



2.03 



.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 

.oo 

.01 



.00 
.00 
.00 



.00 
.08 
.00 
.00 
.00 



7 p.m. 






8 p. in 






9 p. m. 






10 p. m. 






Up. 


m. 




12 p. m. 






Daily 
means. 


3 st. 





00 


3 St. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


2 St. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


1.62 


Dense fog. 

1st. 

1 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 



1 St. 

1st. 
10 St. 


o 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 

1 st, 
1st 

1 St, 

2 cir. cum. 3 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. Light fog. 
1 St. 

1 St. 
1 St. 
4 st. 


o 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
1st. 

• 1 St. 
1 St. 

6 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. 
1st. 

1st. 

1 St. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1.79 
.33 

1.08 
.91 

6.58 


1st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 
1st. 

Light haze. 3 st. 
1st. 


o 
w.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

5 cir. 3 st. 

1st. 

2 st. 

1 St. 




w.t 






.00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

4 st. 
1st. 

2 St. 
1 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

1st. 
1st. 

2 st. 

1 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

1 St. 










00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 
1 St. 

1st. 

10 St. 

1st, 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2.45 
1.41 
1.54 
1.87 
4.25 


4 st. 

2 cir. st. 5 st. 

1st. 

1st. 

2 st 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 St. 
9 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 

2 st. 





NE.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 
4 st. 

1 St. NE. t 
1 st. 
1 st. 


00 
10 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
3 st. 
1st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 St. 
3 st. 
2 st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 4 st. 
Light haze. 4 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 



1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1.45 
7.37 
1.41 
2.66 
1.00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 

1st, 

4 cir. st. 2 st. 

8 st. 

2 st. 


00 
00 
00 

w.t; oo 

!.— 


4 cir. st. 3 st, 
1st. 
4 cir. st. 2 st. 
Light haze. 7 st. W. t 
1 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. St. 3 St. 
1 cir. st. 3 st. 
3 cir. st 2 st. 
9 nim. 










00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


4 cir. st. 3 st. 
1 cir. st. 2 st. 
1 cir. st. 2 st. 
9 St. 







n 




00 

00 
00 

00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 
2 cir. st. 2 st. 
2 st. 
8 St. 
1st. 






sw.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 
1 cir. st. 2 st. 
1 cir. st. 2 st. 
5 St. SW. t 
1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3.50 
1.41 
2.91 

4.87 
2.54 


1st. 
Light haze. 1 st. 

1 St. 
10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

1st. 
1st. 

10 St. 
5 cir. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 1 st. 

1 st 
1st. 

10 St. 

2 st. 


o 



o 





00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


Ligbt haze. 1 st. 

1st. 

1st. 
10 st. 
Light haze. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 

1st. 

1st. 
10 nim. 

2 st. 


1st. 







00 
00 
00 

'oo 


1st. 

1 St. 

2 st. 
10 nim. 

2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


.79 
1.41 

.33 
9.58 
7.75 


3 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

1 St. 


s.* 







00 

00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
1 nim. 


1 cir. 2 st. 
1st 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


3 st. 

10 nim. 

1 St. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 
1st. 


' 00 
j. 10 

j 00 
00 
i 00 


2 st. 
10 nim. 

1st 

3 st. 

1st. 









00 
.03 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
1 nim. 

1 St. 

2 st. 
1st. 









00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 

10 st. 

1 st. 
Light haze. 2 st. 

1st. 









00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


2.62 

4.20 
2.50 
1.08 
2.00 


3.32 






3.41 






2.87 






2.54 






2.58 






3.09 






2.74 



316 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, hind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 

■ 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a.m. 


Date. 






& 








a 
o 




a 
o 










a 

p . 










Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


C3 

'ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


eg 
]ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


ce 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


[ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


c3 








u 








'3 




'3 
to 

Ph 




"3 
Ph 






*3 

© 

P4 






'3 

® 

Ph 


1883. 




































Jan. 1 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 


1st. 





00 


Jan. 2 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 







00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 St. 





00 


Jan. 3 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 


4 st. 





00 


4 st.' 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Jan. 4 


1st. 





00 


2 st. 







00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


Jan. 5 


Dense haze. 3 nim 


.0 


■ — 


3 nim. 







• — 


Light haze. 4 nim. 


• — 


Light haze. 3 nim. 


.01 


Light haze. 5 nim 





■ — 


Light haze. 4 nim. 





• — 


Jan. 6 


Dense haze. 7 nim 


.0 


, 


Dense haze. 8 nim 


. 


4 


Dense haze. 8 nim. 


t 


10 nim. 





Dense haze. 9 nim 





# 


10 nim. 





.01 


Jan. 7 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 


4 st. 





'oo 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


'oo 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Light haze. 2 st. 





00 


Jan. 8 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 







00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


Light haze. 7 st. 


00 


Light haze. 7 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 





00 


Jan. 9 








00 










00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


7 st. 





00 


Jan. 10 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





uo 


1 St. 







oo 


9 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


Jan. 11 


1st. 





00 


1st. 







00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 








00 








00 


Jan. 12 


1st. 





00 


1st. 







00 


Lt.haz. 3 st. D.haz. 


00 


Lt. haz. 3 st. D. haz. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


0' 


00 








00 


Jan. 13 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 14 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 15 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 16 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 


1st. 





00 





00 


Light haze. 


00 


Light haze. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 


Jan. 17 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 







00 


10 st. SE.* 


00 


10 st. SE.t 


00 


10 nim. 





, 


10 nim. 





.01 


Jan. 18 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 19 








00 


1 St. 







00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 





00 


Jan. 2D 








00 


1st. 







00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


Jan. 21 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 22 


1st. 





00 


1st. 







00 


1st. 


00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 23 


1 cir. st. 6 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 


4 st. 


E.t 


00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. E.t 


00 


9 st. SSW.t 


00 


3 cir. cnm. 6 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Jan. 24 


9 nim. W.t 


. — 


10 nim. 







. 


10 nim. 


.01 


9 nim. W.* 


, — 


10 st. W.t . — 


9 cum. 





00 


Jan. 25 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 


1st, 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


ou 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


Jan. 26 


1 cir. st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 








00 





, 00 


Jan. 27 


1st. 





00 










00 





00 





00 








00 





j 00 


Jan. 28 








00 










00 





00 





00 








00 





1 00 


Jan. 29 


1st. 





00 


1st. 







00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 30 


1st. 





00 










00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Jan. 31 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 







00 


00 


1 cir. st. 


00 








00 








00 


Means . 


2.19 




2.22 


2.64 




2.83 




2.72 


2.45 

I 



Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p.m. 


1883. 


































Jan. 1 
Jan. 2 
Jan. 3 
Jan. 4 
Jan. 5 



Light haze. 5 st. SE.t 

I'st. 
Light haze. 2 st. 
Light haze. 5 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 




9 St. SE.t 

4 St. 

Light haze. 4 st. 

Dense haze. 8 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00- 


1st. 
9 st, 
8 St. 
6 St. 
10 nim. 




SE.t 





00 

00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 
1 cir. 5 st. 
1 cir. 5 St. 
10 nim. 



SE.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


1st. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. 
9 St. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
10 nim. 



SE.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

2 cir. cum. 7 st. 
9 st. 
8 st. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 6 

Jan. 7 
Jan. 8 
Jan. 9 
Jan. 10 


Light haze. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

1st. 

2 st. 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


Light haze. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

1st. 

1 St. 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


Light haze. 1 st. 

10 st. 

10 nim. 

1st. 

1st. 


00 

00 

00 
00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 

10 nim. 

9 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


oc 

00 
00 


Light haze. 4 st 

10 st. 

lO.st, 

1st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 


1 cir. Lt. haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
1st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 11 
Jan. 12 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 14 
Jan. 15 



1st. 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



1st. 

1 St. 
1st. 
1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1 St. 

1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 

1st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 

1st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 

1st. 





1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 16 
Jan. 17 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 19 
Jan. 20 


10 st. 
6 st. SW.* 




1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. 
5 st. SW.* 
1st. 
1st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
4 st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 




SW.* 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
8 st. 
1st. 

1 St. 

2 cir. st. 3 St. 




SW.* 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

8 st. 
1st. 

1 St. 

9 St. 



SW.* 


0. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
9 st. SW.* 

Light haze. 1 st. 
1st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 21 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 25 





10 st. 
3ci. 3ci.st. 2st. NW.t 

Light haze. 1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1 st. 
10 st. 

2 ci. 3 ci. s. 4 st. FW.t 
Light haze. 1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


o • 
1st. 
9 st. SW.t 
2 cir. st. 6 st. NW.t 
Light haze. 2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1 st. 0- 
10 nim. 

1 cir. st. 7st.5TN"W.t 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 

00 
00 


Liaht haze. 1 st. 
1st. 

10 nim. 
1 cir. st. 7st.ira'W.t 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 

00 
00 


Light haze. 1 st. 
Light haze. 1 st. 
10 nim. 
2 cir. st. 6 st. 
Light haze. 2 St. 









00 

00 

.01 

00 
00 


Jan. 26 
Jan. 27 
Jan. 28 
Jan. 29 
Jan. 30 


1 st. 
1st. 
1 st. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 
1st. 
2 st. 
1st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st, 

1 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

1 St. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Jan. 31 


Den. haz. Den. haz. 


00 


Den. haz. Den. haz. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Means . 


2.51 




3.12 




3.78 




3.96 




4.25 


4.38 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



61 i 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 18S1, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * si "nines rapid, t signifies sloxo. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right Move; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



2 st. 

Light haze. 8 st. 

Light haze. 5 st. 

2 st. 

Dense haze. 7 nim. 



10 nim. 

10 st. 

Light haze. 7 st. 

Dense haze. 9 St. 

Light haze. 3 st. 








Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 
10 nim. 













10 St. . 

3 cum. 3 cum. st. W.t 

Light haze. Lt. fog. 



S a. m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





Dense haze. 8 st. 
Light haze. 8 st. 

3 at. 

Dense haze. 9 nim. 

Dense haze. 8 nim. 
Dense haze. 8 st. 
H)st. U 

5 st. 

Dense haze. 9 at. 





Light haze. 1 st. 
0" 





Deu. haz. Den. haz. 

10 st. 





1st. 






10 st. 
3 cir. cum. 2 st. 



Lt. haz. 1 st. Lt. fog. 



1st. 



1st. 







!) a. ni. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





Denso haze. 4 st. 
Light haze. 8 st. 

3 st. 

Dense haze. 8 nim. 



Dense haze. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
3 st. 
10 st. 

Light haze. 2 st. 
Light haze. 









Dense haze. 6 st. 

3 st. WSW.' 

Light haze. 



1st. 



Light haze. 


10 st. 

2 cir. 1 cum. 
Light haze. 1st. 

1st. 









Light haze. 



10 a.m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





5 st. SE.t 

3 cir. 3 st. 

Lt.haz. 3st. Lt.haz. 

10 st. 



Dense haze. 4 st. 
Light haze. 8 st. 
10 st. 
1st. 
lOst. 

Dense haze. 8 st. 
Light haze. 









Dense haze. 7 St. 

3 st. WSW.' 

Li ght haze. 

0" 

1st. 




10 st. 

1 cir. 9 cum. st. NW.t 

2 cir. Lt. haze. 3st. 









1st. 



11 a.m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





8 st. SE.t 

2 st. 

Lt.haz. 2 st. Lt.haz. 
10 nim. 



Dense haze. 3 st. 
Light haze. 3 st. 
10 st. 
1st. 
10 st. 

Dense haze. 6 st. 
Light haze. 

0" 





10 st. 

4 st. 




Light haze. 



SW.' 









2 cum. st. 8 St. 

1 cir. 5 cum. st. NW.t 
Dense haze. 6 st. 









Dense haze. 1 st. 



12 m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





Light haze. 4 st. SKI 

2 st. 

Lt. haz. 1 st. Lt.haz. 
Dense haze. 8 at. 



Dense haze. 2 st. 
Light haze. 5 St. 
10 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 

Light haze. 
Light haze. 




Light haze. 



10 st. 

5 st. 




Light haze. 



SW.' 









10 st. 

1 cir. 6cum. st.NW.t 
Light haze. 1 st. 



Dense haze. 3 st. 



.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.03 



.00 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.01 
.00 
.00 
.00 

00 

00 

.06 

.01 
.00 

.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.01 



2.87 



3.19 



2.80 



3.29 



2.93 



2.29 



7 p.m. 



1st. 

2 cir. cum. 6 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

4 cir. cum. 2 st. 

3 cir. cum. 3 st. 

9 st. 

1 st. 

2 cir. 1 at. 

1st. 
1 st. 


1 st. 





E.t 

















10 st. 

9 St. SW." 

Light haze. 1 at. 

Lisjht haze. 1 at. 

7 st. E.* 



Light haze. 1 at. 

Light haze. 1 at. 

lost. 

10 st. 

Light haze. 2 st. 

1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

1st. 
1st. 



10 nim. 



4.25 



8 p.m. 



1st. 

4 cir. 4 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

3 cir. cum. 5 st. 
9 st. 

4 st. 
1st. 

4 cir. 1 st. 

1st. 
1st. 


1 cir. 
1st. 






E.t 

















10 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. SW." 
1st. 

Light haze. 1 st. 

4 st. 

Light haze. 1 st. 
Light haze. 1 st E.t 
10 nim. 

8 st. 

Light haze. 2 st. W.t 



1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

10 nim. 



4.16 



9 p.m. 



10p.m. 



1st. 

2 cir. st. 2 st. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 

6 st. 

5 st. 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 
1st. ' 

2 cir. 3 st. 

1st. 
1st. 



1st. 

10 st. 
5 st. 
1st. 

1 cir. at. 1 st. 

4 st. 

1st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 
10 nim. 

5 st. 

3 st. 

1 st. 
1st. 
1 st. 
1st. 
1st. 







E.t 


N.t 















SW.* 








N.t 

NE.1 









10 nim. 



3.48 



1st. 
4 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 

3 St. 

6 St. 
6 st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 

1st. 

1st. 



1 cir. st. 1 st. 

1st. 










NW.t 












10 st. 

2 st. SW.* 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 3 at. 



1st. 
Ost. 
10 nim. 
2 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 

1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

2 st. 






00 


E.t 


00 





.01 





00 


E.t 


00 



10 st. 



3.22 



11 p.m. 



1 p.m. 



Daily 
means. 



1st. 
Dense haze. 3 st. 
3 st. 
8 st. 
6 st, 

8 st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

1st. 
1st. 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 

10 st. 
1st. 

1st. 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 

2 st. 

2 cir. 1st.. 
10 nim. 
1st. 

1st. 

1st. 
1st. 
1st. 
1st. 

2 St. 








N.1 















SW. 4 



o 

















10 st. 



2.83 



1st. 
Dense haze. 3 st. 

2 st. 

Dense haze. 2 st. 
Light haze. 2 st. 

10 st. 
1st. 
lat. 
1st. 
1st. 


1st. 

1 St. 

1st. 
1st. 

10 st. 


1st. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 

1st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 
10 nim. 

1st. 
1st. 

1 st. 
1st. 


1st. 
Light haze. 



2 st. 



10 nim. 



2.38 



.54 
5.41 
4.95 
4.33 
6.79 

6.12 
6.58 
6.70 
2.79 
4.33 

1.20 

.95 
.12 
.41 
.45 

6.54 
6.62 
.37 
.91 
2.91 

.37 
1.04 
9.45 
7.12 
1.83 

1.00 
.54 
.54 
.54 
.66 

4.41 
3.11 



318 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction reduced to mean local time, — 5 hours, 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a. m. 


Pate. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

o 
'-+3 
d 

'g. 

'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


g 

i 
.*> 

% 

*3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


o 

1 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


o 

'.& 
'3 


Amount, kind, irad 
direction of clouds. 


a 

i 

"3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

p 

'3 






Ph 




Ph 




& 




u 

Ph 






u 
Ph 








u 
Ph 


1883. 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 2 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 4 


9 st. 
D.haz. 9 st. D. haz. 

7 st. SW. * 
D. haze. 3 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 


10 st. 
D.haz. 9 st. D.haz. 
D. haze. 9 st. 
D. haze. 10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
D. haze. 9 nim. 
D. haz. 7 st. D. haz. 
10 st. 


00 

'oo 

00 


Lt. haz. 3 st. 
D. haz. 7 st. D. haz. 
D.haz. 8 st. D.haz. 
10 st. 


00 

'oo 

00 


Lt. haze. 1 st. 
D. haze. D. haze 
Lt. haze. 1 st. 
Lt. haze. 5 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 



D. haze. 


Lt. haze. 


D. haze. 

4 st. 








00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 5 
Feb. 6 
Feb. 7 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 9 


10 nim. 
7 st. 
D.haz. 4 st. D.haz. 
D. haz. 6st. D.haz. 
10 nim. 


.02 
00 
00 
00 

.01 


10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
D. haz. 5 st. D. haz. 
10 nim. 


.03 

00 

00 

00 

.01 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
D. haz. 3 st. D. haz. 
10 nim. 


.03 

00 

00 

00 

.01 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 


.03 

00 

oo 

00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 









.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 











.01 

00 

00 

00 

.01 


Feb. 10 

Feb. 11 
Feb. 12 
-Feb. 13 
Feb. 14 


10 st. 

Lt. haze. 2 st. 
D. haze. 9 nim. 
10 nim. 


00 
00 

oo 

.01 


10 st. 


Lt, haz. 3 st. D.haz. 
4 cir. st. 3 st. 

10 nim. NV. f 


00 

00 
00 


10 st. ' 


D. haze. 8 nim. 

1 St. 
10 nim. NW.t 


00 
06 

00 
.01 


10 st. 

D. haz. 8 nim. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 
D.haz. 6 nim. NW.t 


00 

00 
.01 

00 


10 st. 


D. haze. 9 nim. 

1st, 

4 st. 









00 
00 

00 


lOst. 


10 nim. 

2 st. 

1st. 











00 
00 

'oo 

00 


Feb. 15 
Feb. 1G 
Feb. 17 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 19 


10 nim. W. 1 

10 st. 
D.haz. 8 st. D. haz. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. W. t 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 
D.haz. 9 st. D. haz. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. W. t 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 
D.haz. 4 st. D.haz. 
10 st. 
10 at. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cum. 5 st. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. NW.* 

1 cir. st. 4 st. 

10 st. 

J), haze. 9 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 


1 cum. 9 st. 

2 cir. st. 5 st. 

2 cir. cum. 2 st. 
10 st. 
Lt. haze. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

1 cir. st. 
5 cum. 

10 St. 

2 st. 


3 st. 

4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 20 
Feb. 21 
Feb. 22 
Fob. 23 
Feb. 24 


9 st. NW. t 
8 st. SSE. t 
1 eir. st. 
1 cir. st. 
1 cir. st. 


00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. H¥. t 
6 st. S. t 
1 cir. st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1 st, 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. NW. 1 
lcir. lcir. st. 5st. S. 1 
1 cir. st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1 cir. st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. NWt 
1 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 
1 St. 
1 cir. st. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. NW.t 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3st. 


Lt. haze. 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

5 cir. st. 

D. haze. 



2 st. 
D. haze. 






o 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 25 
Feb. 26 
Feb. 27 
Feb. 28 






2 st. 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
01 






D. haz. 4 st. D. haz. 

D. haz. 8 st. 


00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 



Lt. haz. 3 st. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 



Lt. haz. 2 st. D. haz. 

D.haz. 8 st. D.haz.O 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

Lt. haze. 1 st. 
D. haze. D. haze. 








00 
00 
00 
00 





Lt. haze. 
D. haze. 


3 st. 
9 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 




5.92 


6.64 




6.11 




5.82 




4.42 




4 


.67 





Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 P- 


m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. 


m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1883. 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 2 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 4 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 

Dense haze. 5 st. 

9 st. 

1 cir. cum. 8 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
Lt. haz. 6 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. cum. 8 st. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1 cir. 5 st. 
10 nim. 
1 cir. cum. 7 st 




SW.f 


sw.t 


00 
00 

00 




1 cir. 7 st. 
10 nim. 

2 cir. 4 St. 




sw.t 



sw.t 


00 

00 

.01 

00 



lci.5st.SW.tD.foa;. 

4 cir. 5 st. SW.* 

5 cir. st. 3 st. SW.1 


00 
00 

00 


! 

1 St. 00 
D. haze. D. fog. 00 

10 St. SSW."! 00 
4 cir. st. 6 st. SW.t 00 


Feb. 5 
Feb. 6 
Feb. 7 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 9 


10 st. 

1 st. NW.* 
10 st. 

2 st. 
10 nim. 


.01 
00 
00 
00 

.01 


10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 nim. 

4 St. 

9 St. 




NW.* 





00 
00 

.01 
00 

.01 


10 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
10 nim. 

8 st. 

9 st. 




NW.* 





00 
00 
.01 

00 


lOst. 

2 cir. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 

8 st. 





w.* 





00 
00 
.01 

00 


10 st. 

3 cir. 1 st. 

5 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 




W.* 




00 

00 

00 

.01 

00 


10 st. 

4 cir. 1 st. 

3 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 





w.* 





.01 
00 
00 

00 


Feb. 10 
Feb. 11 
Feb. 12 
Feb. 13 
Feb. 14 


Lt. haze. 4 st. WNW.* 


10 nim. 
8 st. NW.t 

10 st. 


00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


5 st. 


10 nim. 

8 st. 
10 st. 


WW.* 00 

| 00 

.— 

NW.Ij 00 

00 


5 St. 


10 nim. 
9 st. 
8 st. 


w.* 




NW.t 
W.f 


00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


4 st. 

10 nim. 
9 st. 
1 cir. 4 st. 


w* 




w.t 
w.t 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


3 st. 

10 nim. 
5 st. 
1 cir. 4 st. 


w.* 





w.t 
w.t 


00 
00 

00 
00 


3 st. 

10 nim. 
1 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. 6 st. 


w.* 






w.t 


00 

00 
.01 
00 
00 


Feb. 15 
Feb. lo 
Feb. 17 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 19 


10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2 st. 
10 st. 

1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

1 cir. 3 st. 

1st, 
10 st. 
10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 

2 cir. 2 St. 

1st. 
10 st. 
10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. W. t 
2 cir. 2 ci. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. W. t 

3 cir. 3 cir. st. 1 St. 

1st. 

10 st, 

10 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. 

7 cir. 1 st. 


10 St. 
10 st. 


w t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Feb. 20 
Feb. 21 
Feb. 22 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 24 


3 st. 

10 st. 


10 nim. 

1 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 


1 St. 

10 nim. 

4 cir. 4 st. 

1 St. 









00 
00 

'oo 


1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 



2 cir. 7 st. 










00 

'oo 

00 

00 


1 cir. 3 st. 

10 St. 


1 cir. 8 st. 



sw.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 ci.2ci.st.5st. 
10 st. 


3 cir. 6 st. 



sw.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 ci.l ci.st.4st. 
10 nim. 
1st. 

4 cir. 4 st. 
1 cir. 


sw.t 








00 

00 
00 
00 


Feb. 25 
Feb. 26 
Feb. 27 
Feb. 28 


1 st. 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. SE. 1 
lcir. 7 st. SSW.t 


00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 



1 ci. cum. 4 st. SE. t 
1 cir. 8 st. SSW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 1 st. 

1 St. 

3 cir. cum. 5 st 
10 nim. 






SE.t 




00 
00 
00 
.01 




1 cir. 1 st. 
8 st. 

2 cir. 6 nim. 






SE.t 




00 
00 
00 




3 St. 

7 cir. 2 st. 
• 10 st. 






SE. 1 




00 
00 
00 
00 




1 cir. 2 st. 
5 cir. 2 st. 
10 nim. 








00 

00 
00 




5.57 




5.89 




6.14 




5.92 


6.03 




5.92 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



31i> 



character of precipitation, at TJglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


S a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


'3 






fl 






a 




A 




a 




ri 




a 








o 






o 




o 




o 




Q 




o 






4^ 










Va 












43 


°43 


Amount, kind, and 


03 


Amount, kind, and 


03 

43 


Amount, kind, and 


3 


Amount, kind, and 


03 
43 


Amount, kind, and 


e3 


Amount, kind, and 


03 
43 


43« 


direction of clouds. 


% 


direction of clouds. 


'& 


direction of clouds. 


'& 


direction of clouds. 


% 


direction of clouds. 


|& 


direction of clouds. 


"ft 


a 












'3 




'3 




'3 




'3 




'3 


o 






« 






» 




<B 




<D 




<o 




<D 


a 






u 






u 




U 




(H 




h 




u 






fn 






Ah 




fM 




fk 




Ph 




A< 


«4 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 


1 st. 


00 




Light haze. 3 St. 





00 


Light haze. 2 st. 





00 


D. haze. 4 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 6 st. 


09 











00 








00 





00 





00 


1 st. S. t 


00 


4 st. S. t 


00 


.06 


3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


.10 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 





.01 


10 st. 


, 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


_ 


.16 


10 St. 





'oo 


4 st. 





00 





00 


2 st. W. * 


00 


1 st. W. * 


'oo 


1 st. W. * 


'oo 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


.03 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 


1 St. 


00 


.04 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


.15 


D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Lt. haze. D.haze. 


00 


00 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.1)1 


.17 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 4 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 5 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


.01 








00 


3 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


.02 


9 st. 





00 








00 





00 





00 





00 


3 st. 


00 


00 


2 st. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 


00 


Lt. haze. Lt. haze. 


00 


Light haze. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. Light fog. 


00 


00 


10 nira. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


3 st. 


. — 


.02 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ■ 


00 


10 st. 


00 


00 








00 








00 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. SW. t 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


00 


5 cum. 3 st. W. t 


00 


3 cum. 2 st. HW. t 


00 


3 cum. 1 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


00 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


6 cum. 3 st. 





00 


6 cum. 3 st. 


00 


Light haze. 8 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


. 








00 








00 





00 





00 





oo 





GO 




D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


D. haze. D. haze. 





00 


D. haze. D. haze. 


00 


Dense haze. 7 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


06 


Light haze. 8 St. 


00 


. — 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


00 








00 


3 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


2 oir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


00 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


Light haze. 6 st. 


0' 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 4 st. SE. t 


00 


. — 


Dense haze. 8 st. 





00 


lost. 





00 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


■ — 


.06 


4.28 




4.07 




4.03 




4.75 




4.89 


5.21 




.82 



7 p. 


m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. 


m. 


lip 


m. 


12 p 


m. 




Daily 
mean's. 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 at. 


00 


Light haze. 


1st. 


00 


Light haze. 


4 st. 


00 


Light haze. 


5 st. 


00 


2.43 


D.fog.5st.SW. 


*D.fg.O 


00 


Den. fog. Den. 


fog.O 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


9 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


5.16 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 St. 





. — . 


2 st. 





00 


6.12 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.04 


10 st. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.03 


7.25 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10.00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


5.08 


9 st. 


sw.t 


00 


8 st. 


SW.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


5 st. 


SW.* 


00 


7 st. 


w.t 


00 


3st 





00 


8.45 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





. — 


4.95 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9.79 


4 st. 


w.* 


00 


5 st. 


w.t 


00 


2 st. 


w* 


00 


2 st. 


w.t 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


4.12 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


.50 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 





.03 


lOnirn. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


9 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


9.12 


2 cir. 4 st. 





00 


5 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 cir. st. 5 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


6.33 


2 cir. 5 st. 


W.I 


00 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





.01 


J. 75 


8 st. 


w.t 


00 


8 st. 


w.t 


00 


7 st. 


w.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


w.t 


00 


2 st. 





00 


1st, 





00 


6.37 


5 cir. 3 st. 





00 


5 cir. 4 st. 





00 


2 cir. 5 st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Light haze. 


7 St. 


00 


4.33 








00 








00 


1st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


4.50 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9.87 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





■'— 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 st. 


w.t 


■ — 


9 st. 


NW.t 


00 


10 st. 


A'W.t 


00 


7.58 


1 cir. 7 st. 


sw.t oo 


1 cir. st. 8 st. 


SW.1 


00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


9 st. 


H.t 


00 


9 st. 


N.t 


00 


7.58 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


9 St. 


N.t 


. 


8 St. 


N.t 


00 


8 nim. 


W.t 


, 


5 nim. 


N.t 


. — 


8.41 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 St. 





00 


.58 


3 cir. 4 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


4.08 


1 cir. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


.50 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 








00 


.87 


7 cir. 2 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


6 st. 





00 


5 st. 





00 


2.41 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


5.50 


5 cir. 3 st. 





• — 


9 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


3 st. 





■ — 


8.66 


6.71 






6.96 






6.92 






6.64 






6.67 






5.46 






5.65 



320 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement shotting the amount, hind, and direction of cloud*, and amount and 

["Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 






8 a. m. 






4 a. ui. 






5 a.m. 


6 a.m. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

I 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

a 
If 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


o 














pH 






£ 






£ 






5 

£ 






en 


1883. 
Mar. 1 


2 st. 





00 


Dense haze. 5 st 





.00 


Light haze. 2 st. 





.00 








00 








00 


Light haze. 





00 


Mar. 2 
Mar. 3 
Mar. 4 
Mar. 5 
Mar. 6 


1st. 

2 cir. st. 1 at. 

lat. 

1 cir. at. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




5 cir. cum. 2 st. 
1st. 

Light haze. 3 st. 









00 
.00 
00 
00 
00 




2 cir. st. 2 st. 


Light haze. 3 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1 cir. st. 2 st. 





1 cir. st. 2 at. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




1st. 


Light haze. 1 st. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 



Light haze. 2 st. 




Light haze. 1 st. 










00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Mar. 7 
Mar. 8 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 10 
Mar. 11 


2 st. 

D.h'ze. 5st. D.h'ze. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 


1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt.h'ze. 3st. D.h 
D.h'ze. 4 st. D.h 

2 st. 






ze.O 

ze. 








.00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Lt.h'ze. 2st. D.h'ze 
D. h'ze. 2 st. D. h'ze 

1st. 






.0 

.0 








00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. D. haze. 
Lt.h'ze. 3 st. D.h' 
1st. 






ze.O 








00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 
2 st. 
1st. 











00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 
Light haze. 3 st. 















00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Mar. 12 
Mar. 13 
Mar. 14 
Mar. 15 
Mar. 16 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 

9 at. 

1 at. 



1 cir. st. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 

2 st. 
1st. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 

4 st. 



1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


7 cir. st. 2 st. 

4 st. 





1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 3 St. 
3 st. 












00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 St. 
2 st. 


Light fog. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Mar. 17 
Mar. 18 
Mar. 19 
Mar. 20 
Mar. 21 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 

1 St. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 





NE.1 




00 
CO 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 



1st. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. 





NE.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 



1st. 

1st. 

1 cir. at. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00. 
00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 



1st. 

1 St. 

2 cir. st. 4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 






3 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


2 st. 




3 st. 

4 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Mar. 22 
Mar. 23 
Mar. 24 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 26 


10 st. 
1st. 

3 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 
1st. 





sw.t 
s.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
1st. 

2 cir. st. 2 st. 
9 st. 
1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. 

5 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 nim. 

1st. 




s.* 






00 
00 
00 

00 


9 st. 
10 nim. 

5 cir. st. 3 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 










00 

'oo 

.01 
00 


10 St. 

10 nim. 

3 cir. st. 5 st. 
10 nim. 

3 st. 









00 

'oo 
'oo 


10 st. 

3 st. 

5 cum. 2 st. 
10 st. 

9 St. 









00 
.01 

00 
.01 

00 


Mar. 27 
Mar. 28 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 30 
Mar. 31 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

9 st. 




SW.t 





W.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


D.h'ze. 8 st D.h 
lc. s. lci.cu. 2 s. 

10 st. 
2 cir. st. 3 st. 

10 St. 


ze.O 

SW.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 4 st. 

1st. 

9 st. 

9 st. 
lOst. 









00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 5 st 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 6 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense haze. 3 st. 

Dense haze. 8 st. 
10 st. . 

10 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Light haze. 6 st. 
2 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Means. 


3.29 




3.19 




3.22 




3.74 




2.83 




3.16 





Date. 


1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


6 p. 


m. 


1883. 










1 


















Mar. 1 


1st. 


00 


.0 


00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Mar. 2 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st 


00 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Mar. 3 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 St. 





00 


Mar 4 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


Mar. 5 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. WNW.1 


00 


8 st. - NW.t 


00 


8 st. NW.t 


00 


6 cir. 3 st. 





00 


Mar. 6 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


5 st. SW.t 


00 


7 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


Mar. 7 


2 cir. 


00 


fi cir. 2 st. "W.t 


00 


10 st. Dense fog. 


00 


2 cir. 7 st. D. fog. 


00 


10 st. Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Mar. 8 


2 cir. 4 st. NW.t 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. KW.i 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 


Mar. 9 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


Mar. 10 





00 


2 st. Light haze. 


00 


1 st. Light haze. 


00 


4 st. Light haze. 


00 


2 st. Light haze 


. 


00 








00 


Mar. 11 


4 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


Mar. 12 


9 st. 


00 


6 at. 


00 


5 st. NE.t 


00 


9 st. NE.t 


00 


9 st. NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


Mar. 13 


2 st. Light haze. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. Lt. haze. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. Lt. haze. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


Mar. 14 


1 st. Light haze. 


00 


2 st. Light haze. 


00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Mar. 15 


8 st. 


00 


4 st. 


00 


3 cir. 5 st. 


00 


2 cir. 3 st. 


00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 1 at 





00 


Mar. 16 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


Mar. 17 





00 


1st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


Mar. 18 





00 





00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Mar. 39 





00 





00 





00 





00 





o- 


00 








00 


Mar. 20 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. D. fog. 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. D. fog. 


00 


2 cir. 4 st. D. fog. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Mar. 21 


2 cir. 3 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 7 st. 


00 


lcir. st. 8 st. E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.I 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 00 


Mar. 22 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 St. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 


0.- 


Mar. 23 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Mar. 24 


3 cir. 2 st. 


00 


4 cir. 1 st. 00 


5 cir. 3 st. 


00 


3cir. 3 cir. cum. 2st.0 


00 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Mar. 25 


3 cir. cum. 3st. SW.t 


00 


lcir. 7 st. SW.t 00 


1 cir. 8 st. SW.t 


00 


lcir. 6 st. SW.t 00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 2 st. 





00 


Mar. 26 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


8 st. 


SE.* 


00 


Mar. 27 


6 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 8 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 





.01 


9 st. 





. 


Mar. 28 


5 cir. 3 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


00 


2 cir. 7 St. 


00 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Mar. 29 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


9 st. 





. — 


2 cir. 4 st. 


W.t 00 


Mar. 30 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. 


00 


3 cir. 2 st. SSW.* 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. SSW.* 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


s.t 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


S.t 00 


Mar. 31 


10 nim. 


■ — 


7 cir. cum. 3 st. 


• — 


10 nim. 


•— 


8 st. Mff.t 


.01 


9 st. ETJSTW.t 


• — 


10 st. 


NW.t 00 


Means. 


4.51 




4.90 


5.09 




5.00 




5.12 




in 



EXPEDITION TO POIST BABBOW, ALASKA. 



321 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

tabic * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 


9 a. m. 


10 a.m. 




11 a.m. 


12 m. 


'Hi 

'o 

CD 
r- 

p. 








a 

o 






a 






1 

+3 




a' 




a 
o 






a 
o 




Amount, kind, 


md 


+3 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


43 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, 


and 




-*.-> ffl 




direction of clouds. 


p. 


direction of clouds. 


P< 


direction of clouds. 


Pi 


direction of clouds. 


ii 


direction of clouds. 


Pi 


direction of clouds. 


- 


a 








CD 

u 

P4 






o 

CD 
U 

Ah 






CD 

fci 




eg 

CD 




o 

CD 
H 






CD 

u 


o 

a 
< 




Light haze. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 




00 








00 


Light haze. 





00 


Light haze. 





00 





00 





00 


. 1 cir. 1 st. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 1 st. 





00 


Light haze. 


00 


1 st. Light haze. 


00 


lcir. 1st. Lt. haze. 


00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 





00 








00 




00 








00 








00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 


Light haze. 


00 





00 


1 cir. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


10 St. W.t 


00 


10 St. 


"W.t 


00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


4st. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 





00 








00 








00 


Light haze. 


00 


Light fog. 


00 


Light fog. 





00 




oo 








00 








90 








00 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 




00 


5 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


Light haze. 4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. NE.t 


00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


NE.t 


00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


1 St. 


00 





00 


Light haze. 





00 




00 








00 


1st. 





00 








00 


Light haze. 


00 


Light haze. 


00 


Light haze. 





00 




00 








00 








00 








00 


1st. 


00 


2 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5 st. 





00 




00 


Light fog. 





00 


Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 





00 


Light fog. 





00 


1 st. EKE* 


00 


1 st. ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 




00 


2 st, 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 





00 








00 




00 








00 








00 








00 





00 





00 








00 




00 








oo 








00 








00 





00 





00 








00 




00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


Light fog. 





00 


Light fog. 





00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


Light haze. 5 st. 


00 


2 cir. 1 st. 





00 




00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


3cir. lci.cum. 1st. 


00 


6 cir. 1 st. 





00 




00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 et. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 




.01 


2 cir. oum. 1 St. 





00 








00 








00 





00 





00 








00 




.01 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 5 st. 





00 


3 cir. 4 st. SE.t 


00 


lei. 2ci.cu. 3st. SE.t 


00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 




00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


2 cir. 6 st. SSE. t 


. — 


4 cir. cum. 2st. SSE.t 


00 


6 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 




.02 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


8 st. ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 




.01 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 








00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1 cir. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 6 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


6 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





. — 




.07 


7 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 


1 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 St. 





00 




00 


10 st. 





00 


2 cum. 6 st. 





00 


5 st. 





08 


10 St. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 7 st. 


00 


6 cir. cum. 4 st. 





00 




.01 


3. OS 




2.87 




2.45 




2.77 


• 


3.64 




3.77 




.13 



7 p. 


m. 


8 p. m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p.m. 


11p.m. 


12 p. 


m. 




Daily 

means. 








00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


.87 


6 cir. 1 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st 

1st. 

6 cir. 3 St. 

1st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6 cir. 3 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
1st. 

7 cir. st. 2 st. 
5 cir. st. 2 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 4 st. 

1st. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 


SE.t 






00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 

1 St. 

1st. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. 

4 st. 





NW.t 

sw.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 

1st. 

1st. 

8 St. 

3 st. 


8 


NW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 

1st. 

1 St. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 

4 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2.62 
2.54 
.70 
5.54 
2.62 


5 cir. 3 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 





1 cir. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 cir. st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 




2 cir. 1 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. 

1st. 





1 cir. 3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
06 


2 st. 
1st. 


6 St. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 

1st. 



1st. 

2 cir. 3 st. 







NE.t 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
1st. 


1 St. 

5 St. 








NE.t 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 


3.54 
3.58 
1.20 
.45 
2.00 


Ost. 

1st. 



4 cir. 2 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


NE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st, 

1st. 



5 cir. 2 st. 

4 cir. 1 st. 


NE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8 st. 

1st. 



1 cir. 4 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


w.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6 st. 

1st. 



1 cir. 4 st. 

1 cir. 3 st. 


W.t 






00 
60 
00 
00 
00 


5 st. 

1st. 



2 cir. st. 4 st. 

1 cir. 3 st. 


W.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 St. 

1 St. 



3 cir. st. 3 st. 

1 cir. 4 St. 


WNW.t 







00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


6.41 
2.04 
.25 
3.41 
1.79 


1st. 

1st. 
4 st. Dense fog. 
10 st. E.t 


eo 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 


9 st. 
Dense fog. 

10 St. 






E.t 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1st. 

Ost. 
Light fog. 
10 st. 




NE.t 



E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1st. 

9 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 




NE.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 
1 St. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 
8 st. 
lost. 




NE.t 



SE.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. • 
1st. 

1 cir. st. 3 st. 

2 st. 
10 St. 



NE.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
.00 


1.00 
.20 
1.66 
3.04 
6.54 


10 nim. 
3 cir. 2 st. 
2 cir. 7 st. 
1 cir. 2 st. 
8 st. 








SE.t 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

3 cir. 5 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 









.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
10 st. 
9 St. 
2 st. 
9 st. 


SE.t 




SE.t 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 St. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
5 st. 
8 st. 






sw.t 

SE.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 

Ost. 

1st. 

4 st. 





SE.t 


SE.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 st. 
5 St. 
Ost. 

1 St. 

3 st. 









00 
00 
00 
00 
CO 


9.37 
4.33 
7.33 
6.79 
7.45 


1 cir. 5 st. 
10 St. 

8 st, 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 mm. 






W.* 



msrw.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


6 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 

1 cir. st. 5 st. 
3 cir. st. 3 st. 


sw.t 




w.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 


Ost. 

10 St. 

Ost. 

1 cir. 4 st. 

4 cir. st. 2 st. 





W.t 
W.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


7 St. 

10 st. 

2 st. 

1 cir. 5 st. 

2 cir. 2 cir. st 


sw.t 




w.t 

3st.O 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Ost. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

1 cir. st. 8 st. 

2 cir. st. 6 st. 


sw.t 




w.t 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


5 St. 

9 St. 
Dense fog. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 


sw.t 




w.t 

NNW.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 


(1.41 
5.45 
7.91 
5.00 
9.00 


4.48 




5.22 




4.22 




4.48 




4.32 


3.70 

1 1 


3.90 



322 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this. 





1 a.m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a. m. 






a 




d 




a 




p 






a 






p 


Date. 




o 




'-♦3 




o 










_o 






o 




Amount, kind, and 


43 


Amount, kind, and 


a 


Amount, kind, and 


d 


Amount, kind, and 


•*> 


Amount, kind, and 


ci 


Amount, kind, ar 


d 


1 




direction of clouds. 


'8 


direction of clouds. 


'& 


direction of clouds. 


'& 


direction of clouds. 




direction of clouds. 


'3. 
'3 


direction of clouds. 


p. 






Ph 




Ph 




Ph 




0) 






u 
Ph 








1883. 






























Apr. 1 


10 nim. JWW. T 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 





, 


10 st. 





00 


Apr. 2 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 





00 





00 








00 








CO 


Apr. 3 


1st. 


00 


1 st. 


00- 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 








00 








00 


Apr. 4 





00" 





00 





00 





00 








00 








00 


Apr. 5 


9 st. NE.t 


00 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. NNE. t 


• — 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





• — 


Apr. 6 


10 nim. 


. 


10 st. 


, 


10 nim. 





10 nim. 


__ 


10 nim. 





._ 


10 nim. 







Apr. 7 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


4 st. 


00 


3 st, 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





'oo 


3 st. 





00 


Apr. 8 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 


.00 


4 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 








00 


1 St. 





00 


Apr. 9 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 


.00 


1 cir. st. 1 St. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 st. 





00 


Light haze. 3 st. 





00 


Apr. 10 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 9 st. 


00 


Dense haze. 9 st. 





00 


Light haze. 8 st. 





00 


Apr. 11 


10 st. 


00 


D. haze. 8 st. ENE.t 


00 


D.haze. 7 st. ENE.t 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Apr. 12 


9 st. ENE.t 


00 


9 nim. E.t 


. — 


Dense haze. 8 nim. 


. 


Dense haze. 6 nim. 


.01 


Light haze. 3 st. 





. 


3 st. 





00 


Apr. 13 


10 nim. |. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. 


Dense haze. 4 nim. 


.01 


Light haze. 2 st. 





. 


1st. 





00 


Apr. 14 


D. haze, 4 st. 


00 


Dense haze, 4 st. 


00 


Den.-ie bo.ze. 7 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 5 st. 


00 


5 cum. i st. 





(0 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. 





CO 


Apr. 15 


3 cir. cum. 6 nim. 


■ — 


5 cir. cum. 3 nim. 


• — 


5 cir. st. 2 st. 


■ — 


4 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


7 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


6 cir. cum. 4 st. 





00 


A;>r. 16 


1 cir. st. 3 st. ENE.* 


00 


5 cir. cum. 4 st. ENE.t 


00 


9 st. ENE.t 


00 


10 st. Dense haze. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


9 st, 





ro 


Apr. 17 





00 





00 


1 St. 


00 


1 st. 


00 








00 








00 


Apr. 18 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





CO 


Apr. 19 


10 nim. 


01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. . — 


10 nim. 





, — 


10 nim. 





.01 


Apr. 20 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 nim. E * 


• — 


10 st. E.* 1 . — 


10 St. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


Apr. 21 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. E.t 





10 nim. . — 


10 nim. 







10 nim. 





._ 


Apr. 22 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. L — 


10 St. 





. 


10 st. 





'oo 


Apr. 23 


2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 3 St. 


00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 3 st. 00 


2 cir. st. 3 St. 





00 


10 st. Light fog. 





CO 


Apr. 24 


lci.st.lci.cu.7st.SE.t 


.00 


9 St. SE.t 


00 


Dense haze. 8 st. 


00 


4 cir. st, 4 st. 00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. SE. t 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


Apr. 25 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. .— 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 








Apr. 26 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


, 


10 nim. 


t 


10 nim. oL- 


10 nim. 





._ 


10 St. 





,_ 


Apr. 27 


10 nim. E.t 


.01 


2 cir. cum. 7 nim. 


!02 


1 cir. cum. 6 nim. 


!oi 


10 st. 1. — 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Apr. 28 


9 nim. 


. — 


9 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. L — 


10 nim. 





_ _ 


10 nim. 





. 


Apr. 29 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. '. — 


10 st. 





'oo 


10 St. 





00 


Apr. 30 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 


■ 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. L — 


10 st. 





• — 


10 st. 





00 


Means. 


7.30 




7.33 




7.16 




6.93 




6.63 




6.66 







Date. 



1 p.m. 



1883. 

Apr. 1 1 cir. 2 st. 

Apr. 2 i 

Apr. 3 I 

Apr. 4 

Apr. 5 10 nim. 



Apr. 6 

Apr. 7 
Apr. 8 
Apr. 9 
Apr. 10 

Apr. 1 1 

Apr. 1". 
Apr. 13 
Apr. 14 
Apr. 15 

Apr. 10 
Apr. 17 
Apr. 18 
Apr. 19 
Apr. 2!) 

Apr. 21 
Apr. 2 1 
Apr. 2:: 
Apr. 24 
Apr. 25 

Apr. 26 
Apr. 27 
Apr. 28 
Apr. 29 
Apr. 30 

Means 



10 Dim. 
10 nim. 

8 cir. 1 st. 
3 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 

9 St. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 nim. 

2 cir. st. 2 st. 















ENE.t 











5 cir. 

lcir. 6 cir. cum.2st.O 

10 nim. 

10 st. 



10 nim. 
10 st. 
1 cir; 8 : 
10 st. 
10 nim. 









ENE.> 



1 cir. cum. 8 nim. 
10 nim. 

3 cir. cum. 6 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

7.13 



00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

.01 
00 

00 

00 



2 p.m. 



1 cir. 1 st. 



10 st. 



10 nim. 

8 cir. cum. 2 st. 

6 cir. 2 st. 

2 cir. 2 St. 
lcir. 1st. ENE.t 

2 cir. cum. 6 st. 

10 nim. 

2 cir. 3 st. 

2 cir. cum. 8 nim. 

2 st. 



1st. 

2 cir. 2 st. 

3 cir. 3 st. 
10 st. 
lOst, 

10 nim. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. 
lOst. 
10 nim. 















ENE. S 



10 nim. 
10 nim. 

5 cir. cum. 4 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

0.96 



3 p.m. 



1 cir. 1 st. 


1 cir. 


10 st, 

10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 
5 cir. 3 st. 
3 cir. st. 1 st. 



lcir. 1st. ENE.t 



1 cir. 5 st. 
10 nim. 
1 cir. 5 st. 
3 cir. cum. 7 nim. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 



00 

00 1 cir. 1 st. 

00 10 st. 

01 | 10 st. 

00 ; io st. 

01 I 10 nim. 



. 01 10 nim. 



10 st. 
4 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 







E." 

ENE.t 





1 cir. cum. 9 nim. 
10 st. "W. t 

4 cir. cum. 4 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

6.90 



4 p.m. 



1 cir. st. 1 st. 

1st, 

1 cir. 



10 st. 

10 st. 

1 cir. 7 st. 
5 cir. 1 st. 

2 cir. st. 3 i 











s.t 






1 cir. 1 st. ENE.t 

1 cir. 8 st. 

9 st. 

1 cir. 7 st. D. fog. 

4 cir. cum. 5 st. 

2 cir. st. 4 st. NW. t 



1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
lO.nim. 

1 cir. cum. 9 nim. 
10 st. 

5 cir. lcir. st. 3 st. E." 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. cum. 8 nim. 

10 st. 

3 cir. cum. 5 st. 
10 St. 
10 st. 

7.13 



5 p.m. 



1 st, 
1st. 


1 cir. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

3 cir. 2 st, 

2 cir. 1 st. 

4 cir. st. 4 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 









at 






ENE.t 






00 





00 





00 





00 





.01 



1 cir. 7 st. 

10 nim. 

3 cir. 6 st. D. fog. 
5 cir. cum. 4 st. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 



1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. cum. 6 st. 
10 st. 

5 cir. 3 st. 
10 St. 
10 nim. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 

3 cir. cum. 5 st. 
10 st. 
10 st, 

6.76 



6 p.m. 



1 cir. 1 st. 

2st, 



1 cir. 

io st. 

10 St. 

2 cir. 2 st. 
2 st. 

10 st, 
1st. 



00 
I 00 
00 
I 00 
00 

00 
(10 
00 

; 00 

; 00 



8 St. 

10 St. 

Lt. haze. Lt. fog. 

4 cir. cum. 5 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 



1st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st, 
10 nim. 

3 cir. cum. 5 St. 

3 cir. 4 St. 

6 cir. 3 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 st. 

9 st. 

5 cir. st. 2 st. 



10 st. 
9 st. 



6.43 



?■ o 


00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





.03 





00 





00 


E.* 


00 


E.t 


00 





.01 


SE.t 


, 





00 





00 





00 


E.t 


.00 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



323 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Coutinued. 

tablo * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right helow ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a.m. 


8 a. in. 


9 a.m. 


10 a. it\. 


11 a. in. 




12 m. 


B 1 

'3 

<n a 








a 






_o 






a 
o 






a 

o 




a 
o 






a 
.2 




Amount, kind, and 


+^ 


Amount, kind. 


and 


4a 


Amount, kind. 


and 




Amount, kind, 


and 


+i 


Amount, kind, and 


♦^ 


Amount, kind, 


and 


*J 


+= 3 




direction of clouds. 


p. 


direction of clouds. 


ft 


direction of clouds. 


o< 


direction of clouds. 


A 


direction of clouds. 


P. 


direction of clouds. 


p< 










o 
9 

Ph 






o 






o 
a> 

PH 






o 

<£> 

u 

P4 




3 

Ph 






o 

u 
Ph 


o 

a 
< 




9 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. 





00 


4 st. 





00 


1 cir. 3 St. 


00 


1 cir. 7 st. 





00 




01 








00 








00 








00 








00 





00 








00 




00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 


00 


1st. 





00 




00 








00 








00 








00 








00 





00 








00 




on 


10 St. 





■— 


10st. 


W.t 


00 


lOst. 


W.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


— 


10 nim. 





• — 




— 


10 niiu. 





t 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





t 


10 nim. 





# 


10 nim. 





10 st. 










_ 


9 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. • 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 







1st, 





00 








00 


1st. 





00 








00 


1 cir. 


00 


7 cir. 





00 




00 


Light haze. 3 St. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 


00 


7 cir. 





00 




1)0 


Light haze. 6 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


4 cir. st. 3 st. ENE. t 


.00 


4 cir. cum. 2 st 





00 




00 


10 St. 





00 


4 cum. 5 st. 





00 


4 cum. 6 st. 





00 


4 cum. 6 st. 





00 


7 cum. 3 St. 


00 


10 st. 





00 




00 


2 st. 





00 


2 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


3 cum. 5 st. 





00 


5 cum. 4 st. 





00 


6 cum. 4 st. 


00 


7 cum. 3 st. 





00 




02 


2 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


; — 


2 cir. 4 st. 





.01 




02 


3 cum. 4 st. 





00 


4 cum. 5 st. 





00 


6 cum. 3 st. 





00 


7 cum. 2 st. 





00 


7 cum. 3 st. 


00 


5 cum. 5 nim. 





. — 







6 cir. cum. 4 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 5 st. 





00 


4 cir. cum. 4 st. 





.00 


3 cir. 6 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 4 st. 





.00 




— 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


3 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1st. 





00 





00 








00 




00 








00 





u 


00 








00 








00 


3 cir. cum. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 





00 




00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 st. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 




— 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





, — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 




03 


10 6t. 





00 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 


.— 


10 st. 





• — 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 




13 


10 St. 





.01 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 








lOst. 








10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 





.01 




09 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 







3 st. 





00 


2 st, 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1 cir. 


00 


5 cir. 





00 




00 


3 st. 





00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


SE.t 


00 


Lt. haze. 5 st. 


SE.t 


00 


6 cir. 2 st. ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. EWE.* 


.00 


10 st. ENE.t 


00 







10 nira. 





.01 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 





.01 




11 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 








10 nim. 








10 nim. 


# 


10 nim. 





.01 




06 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





('0 


4 cum. 6 st. 





00 


4 cum. 6 st. 


00 


7 cum. 3 st. 





00 




05 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 





. 


10 nim. 





. 


1 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 


. 


10 st. 





00 







x0 St. 





00 


10 at. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 st, 


00 


lOst. 





00 







10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


lOst. 





00 




— 


6.40 




6.30 


6.53 


6.56 




7.16 




7.43 




.52 



7 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


9 p.m. 


10 p. m. 


lip. 


m. 


12 p. m. 


Daily 
means. 





00 








00 





00 


1st. 


00 








00 





00 


4.79 


2 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


.50 





00 








00 





00 





00 








00 





00 


.45 





00 








00 





00 


1 St. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


3 St. 


00 


.37 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


9.95 


10 St. 


00 


9 st. 


sw.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. S"W. t 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. S"W.t 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. 


sw.t 


00 


1 cir. 5 st. SW.t 


00 


9.66 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


3 st, 





00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 st. 


00 


5.87 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


2 St. 


00 


2 st. 


00 


2 st. 





00 


3 st. 


00 


3.12 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


5.79 


3 cir. 1 st. 


00 


6 cir. 2 st. 





00 


5 St. ENE.t 


00 


4 st. ENE.t 


00 


5 st. 





00 


7 st. ENE.t 


00 


5.54 


9 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


9 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


5 st. 





00 


6 st. 


00 


8.75 


10 st. SE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


._» 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


.0! 


8.37 


Lt, haz. 7 st. D. fog. 


00 


Light haze. 6 si 


. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


6 st. 





00 


6 st. 


00 


6.00 


4 cir. 5 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 8 nim. 


. — 


2 cir. cum. 7 nim. 


. — 


1 ci.cu. 9 nim. ENE. t 


. — 


1 ci.cu. 9 nine 


.ENE.t 


. — 


4 cir. cum. 6 nim. 


. — 


8.70 


1 St. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


4 st. NE.t 


.00 


5.83 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 st, ' 


00 


2.95 


1 st. 


00 








00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 


CO 


1.29 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


5.54 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 St. 





._ 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10.00 


10 nim. E.t. 02 


10 nim. 


E.t 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 





.03 


10 nim. 


.01 


10.00 


2 cir. cum. 7 st. 1 00 


2 cir. cum. 7 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9.66 


5 cir. 2-st. 1 00 


5 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. St. 5 st. SE.t 


00 


6 st. SE. t 


00 


7 st. 


SE.t 


00 


6 st. 


00 


9. 00 


4 cir. 3 st. | 00 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


3 st, 


00 


5 st. 


00 


8 st. 


SE.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 6 st. SE. t 


00 


5.91 


10 st, E.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. 





. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


8.37 


10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. '. 01 


10 nim. 





• — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10.00 


lOst. E.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


5 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. E.* 00 


2 cir. cum. 7 nim. E.* 





2 cir. cum.7nim. E.t 


.01 


9.70 


9 st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 4 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 2 St. o 00 


8 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


9.20 


2 st. 


00 


1st. 





00 


1 st, 


00 


6 st. N.t CO 


9 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


8.16 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. j 00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 


— 


10.00- 


7 St. ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


2 cir. st. 4 st. E.* 00 


10 nim. 





• — 


9 st. ENE.*.— 


9. 62. 


6.33 


6.40 




6.30 


6.36 j 


6.73 




6.63 




6.76- 



324 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement shotting the amount, Icind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a.m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a, m. 


6 a. m. 




Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

1 

'ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

o 

1 

ft 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


ci 
o 

1 

'&- 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 

c3 

"3. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


ci 
o 

"3 

'p. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


d 

o 








u 

PH 




9 
Ph 








Pm 






93 

t-. 

Ph 




Ph 


1883. 
May 1 
May 2 
May 3 
May 4 
May 5 


9 St. 
2 cir. st. 
5 cir. st. 3 st. 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 


NE.* 


ESE.t 



00 
00 
CO 
00 
00 


3 cum. 5 st. NE. t 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 3 st. 

4 cir. 4 st. SE.* 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. NE. t 
2 cir. st, 1 st. 
2 cir. st. 2 st. 
4 cir. st. 3 st. 
9 st. S. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. NE. t 

2 cir. st. Lt. fog. 
1 cir. st. 1 st. 

3 (iir. st. 2 st. 
1 cir. st. 9 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

2 cir. st. Lt. fo 
"2 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 
10 st. 


NE.i 

g- o 








. 00 I 10 st. NE. t 
00 3 St. 
00 I 2 st. 
00 2 cir. st. 1 st. 
00 10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


May 6 
May 7 
May 8 
May 9 
May 10 


9 st. 

10 st. 

10 St. 

9 st. 

10 St. 


SW.t 






00 
00 
00 
10 1 

00 1 


5 st. SW. t 
10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. E. t 
10 st. 


00 
00 

00 
00 
00 


6 st. SW. t 
10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. .SW. t 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

9 st. SE. t 
Dense fog. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


9' st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
3 cum. 6 st. 
Dense fog. 


SW.1 






00 9 St. 
— | 10 St. 
O'l | 10 st. 
00 9 cum. E. t 
00 Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


May 11 
May 12 
.'May 13 
THay 14 
3Iay 15 


1 cir. 6 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

lOst. 


sw.* 







00 1 9 St. 

00 I 10 St. 
00 1 9 St. NE.* 
00 [ 10 st, 
00 10 St. NBW. t 


00 
00 
10 
00 

to 


10 st. 
10 st. 
1 cir. st. 8 st. NE.* 
10 st. 

10 st. NNW. r 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
2 cir. cum. 7 st. NE.* 
10 st, 

10 st. NNW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

10 st. Lightfoj 
8 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 




E.t 




00 
00 
00 

'oo 


10 st. 00 
10 st. I 00 
5 cum. 3 st. E.t 00 
10 nim. .03 
10 st. 00 


May 16 
May 17 
.May 18 
"May 19 
May 20 


10 nim. 

10 nim. 

10 nim. 

9 st. 

10 St. 






SW.t 



00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
1 cir. st. 8 st. SW. t 
10 St. S.* 


ro 

00 


10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 St. 
5 cir. St. 2 st. 
Dense fog. 


01 

00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
4 cir. st. 2 st. 
4 cir. st. Dense fog.O 


01 

00 

00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 St. 

10 nim. 
5 cir. st. 1 st. 
5 cir. st. Lt. fc 









g. 


'oo 
'oo 

00 


10 nim. '.— 

10 st. Light fog. 00 

10 nim. .— 

3 cir. st. 2 st. I 00 

3 cir. st. 2 st. SW. t 1 00 

I 


May 21 
May 22 
May 23 
May 24 
May 25 


4 cir. cum. 3 st 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
lOst. 









00 
00 
00 

oo 

00 


6 cir cum. 1 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 

1 cir. st. D. fog. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. SW. t 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 

3cl.s.2ci.cu.2s.SW.t 
10 st. W.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
2 cir. st, 7 st. SW. t 
1 cir. st. 9 st. W. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
3 ci. s. 6 st. Lt. fog. 
10 st. 


00 I 4 cir. cum. 2 st. 00 
OO Dense fog. 00 
OO : 10 st. ; 00 
00 5 cum. 3 st. SW.t 00 
00' 1 10 st. 1 00 


May 26 
May 27 
May 28 
May 29 
>\Iay 30 


10 st. SW.t 

Dense fog. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. S.* 

3 cir. Light fog. 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. SW.t 
Dense fog. 

9 st. Dense fog. 
Light fog. 

9 st. E.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. SW. t 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
1 cir. Light fog. 
1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 3 st. E.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 | 
00 


9 st. SW.* 

Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 

4 cir. st. Lt. fog. 

1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 4 st. E. f 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
4 cir. st. Lt. fc 
i cum. 2 st. 


SW.t 



g. 

E.t 


00 Id St. j 00 
00 ' 5cir.st.3st. Lt.fog. ! 00 
00 Lt.haze.5st. Lt.fog.O i 00 
00 2 cir. st. 1st. 1 00 
00 '' 5 cum. 3 st. 00 
| 


;May 31 


2 cir. cum. 7 st 





00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. S W. { 


00 


loir. st. 8 st. SW.t 


00 


1 cir. st. 8 st, SW.t 00 


9 St. 


SW.t 


00 3 cum. 5 St. SW. t 00 


31eans. 


8.03 




7.83 




7.06 




7.29 




7.09 


7.41 




1 p.m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


8 p.m. 


1883. 
May 1 
May 2 
May 3 
May 4 
May 5 


1st. 

5 cir. 1 st. 



1 cir. st. 1 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 







o- 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 
2 cir. 4 St.. SW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
4 cir. st. 5 st. 

1 st. 

2 cir. 2 cir. st . 1 st. 
8 st. SW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
3 cir. st. 5 st. 
1st. 
3 cir. st. 2 st. 
9 st. SW. * 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 
3 cir. st. 5 st. 

2 st. 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 
9 st. 






E.* 



SW.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 

4 cir. st. 4 st. 

5 st. E. * 
4 cir. st. 3 st. 
8 st. SW. * 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


May 6 

May 7 
May 8 
May 9 
May 10 


10 st. D. fog. 
10 nim. 


10 st. 

4 cir. 2 st. 


N.* 







NE.t 


00 

.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. N.* 
10 nim. 

1 st. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 6 St. 


00 
.02 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. N. t 
10 nim. 
1st. 
10 st. 
1« St. 


00 
.03 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. N. t 
10 nim. 
1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st. 

3 st. 
10 st, 

8 st. 


NE.* 

6 




00 

00 
00 
00 


9 st. NNE. t 
10 st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 

4 cir. 4 st. SW. * 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


May 11 
May 12 
May 13 
May 14 
May 15 


lOst. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 3 st. 

1 cir. 8 st. 


NE.t 







N.* 


00 

00 
1.01 

," 00 


10 st. Dense fog. 

8 st. NE. t 
10 nim. 
10 St. 

8 st. N. t 


00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


1 cir. 8 st. NE. * 

2 cir. 2 St. ME. t 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

3 cir. 5 st. N. 


00 
00 

i)0 
00 


1 cir. 7 st, NNE. * 
3 cir. 1 st. NE. t 

10 nim. 
9 st. SW. t 

10 St. 


00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 


10 st. 

4 cir. 4 st. 
10 nim. 

9 St. 
10 nim. 




NE.* 


sw.* 




00 
00 

00 


10 st. 

9 st. NE. * 
10 st. 

9 st, SW. * 
10 st. 


00 
00 

'oo 


May 16 
May 17 
May 18 
May 19 
May 20 

Mav 21 
May 22 
May 23 
May 24 
May 25 


10 nim. 

1 10 st. 
1 10 St. 

9 st. 
Dense fog. 



10 St. 

10 st. 
1 cir. 9 st. 

10 St. 















1 

'oo 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 

10 st. 

9 st. SW.t 

9 st. 

Dense fog. 

1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. ' 

1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 
10 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
9 st. SW. t 
9 st, SW. t 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

Light fog. 
10 st. 
10 st, 
9 st. SW. t 
10 st. 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 

10 St. 
9 st. 
1st. 

Light fog. 
10 st. 
lost. 
9 St. SW.t 
10 St. 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st, 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st, 

1 St. 

Lisjht fog. 
lOst, 
lost. 
9 st, 
10 st. 



SW.* 







SW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
CO 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. SW. t 

10 st. 

10 st. 

2 cir. 1 st, SW. t 

Lt. fog. Ltfog. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
9 st, SW. t 
10 st, 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

! oo 
! oo 

00 
00 


May 26 
May 27 
May 28 
May 29 
May 30 


Dense fog. 
4 st. SE.1 
2 cir. 3 st. 
2 cir. 3 cir. st.3st. 
6 cir. cum. -3 st. 


00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
8 st. ESE. t D. fog. 
1 cir. 3 St. 
4 cir. st. 5 st. 
4 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
6 st. D. fog. ESE.t 
3 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. E. t 


00 
00 

! oo 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
5 st. D.fug. ESEt 
4 cir. 2 st. 

10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. E. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 

3 st, 

4 cir. 3 st. 
10 st, 

3 cir. 5 st. 




ESE.t 




E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 00 
6 st, E. t 00 
4 cir. 3 st. 00 

10 st. * 00 
2 cir. 5 st. 00 

| 


May 31 


9 st. 


E. 


" 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 at, 00 


Means 


6.54 




7.16 




7.19 




7.22 




7.45 

i 


1 


7.74 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



325 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883— Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



8 a. m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



3 cir. 3 st. 
2 st. 
2 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 
10 st. 

10 st 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
Douse fog. 

10 st, 

10 st. 

6 cum. 2 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 at. 

10 st, 
10 st. 

2 Him. 4 st. 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 


























w.t 





Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



2 st. 

1 cii. 1 st. 

2 st. 

3 cir. cum. 2 st. 
10 st. 



00 I 10 st. Light fog. 

00 : 10 nim. 

00 i 10 st. 

00 ! 10 st. 

00 , Dense fog. 

I 
00 i 10 st. 
00 | 4 cum. 3 st. 
00 lOst. 
02 10 nim. 
00 ! 10 st. Light fog. 



00 



10 st. 
10 St. 
5 cum. 4 st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 

2 st. 



10 a. m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



1st. 

2 tir. 
1st. 

3 cir. st. 2 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. Light i 
iO nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 



00 



8 st. 
8 st. 
10 st. 



01 | 10 nim. 
00 i Dense fog 



3 cum. D.fog. j 00 
10 st. Light fog. i 00 
10 st. ! 00 

6 cum. 2 st. SW. t 00 

Dense fog. 00 



4 cum. D. fog. 
10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. 

5 cum. 3 St. SW. t 
Dense fog. 



3 cum. 6 st. 
5 cir. st. 2 st. 
Light haze. 
3 cir. 2 St. 
5 cum. 2 st. 

3 cum. 6 st. 



SW.t 00 



3 st. 



Dense fog. 

cir. cum. 1 st. 
Dense fog. 

5 cum. 1 st. 

4 cir. cum. 2 st. 



SW.tl 00 10 st. 



SW.t 00 



row. 

NNE. 









w. 





10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 st, 

4 cum. 2 st. 
Light fog. 

5 cum. Lt. fog. 
10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. 

7 cum. 2 st. 

10 st. 



t 00 

t, 00 

00 

j 00 

(III 

00 

t, 00 

00 



I 00 

j 00 

00 

00 

00 



1st. 

5 cir. 
1st. 

6 cir. cum. 1 st. 
10 st. 



Dense fog. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
7 cir. cum. Lt. fog 



10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
10 st, 
10 st. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 St. 

cum. 2 st. 
Light fog. 



NNW.t 








SW.t 




4 cum. Lt. fog. 
10 st, Light fog. 
10 st. 

10 st. SW. t 

10 st. 



Dense fog. j 00 

5 cum. 3 st. 00 

1 cum. Lt. fog. j 00 

3 cir.3cir.cnm.3st.O 00 

1 cir. 1 st. 00 



Dense fog. 

7 cir. cum. 2 st. 
Light fog. 

5 cir. cum. 2 st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 



10 st. 



SW. t 00 10 st. 



00 

00 
00 
(10 
00 

00 
.02 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 

00 I 

00 ! 
00 ! 
00 j 
00 j 

00 I 
00 I 
00 ! 
00 I 
00 I 



11 a. m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 





6 cir. 
1st. 

1 cir. cum. 6 st. 
10 st. 



10 st. 
10 nim. 

1st. 
10 st. 

7 cir. 3 st. 

10 st. 

1 cir. 5 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
7 cum. 2 st. 
Light fog. 



NlTW.t 



SW.t 



o 



NE.t 







SW.t 




12 m. 



Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 




6 cir. 



7 St. 
9 St. 






E.< 




10 st. Light fog. 00 
10 nim. . 02 

1 St. SW. t! 00 

lOst. 00 

7 cir. 3 st. 00 



Dense fog. 

10 st. Light fog 

10 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 



00 | Dense fog. 

00 7 cir. cum. 1 st. 

00 
00 
00 | 5 cir. 



4 cir. Light fog. 
5ci.4ci.cu.lst.NE.t 



SW. t 00 ' 10 st, 

I I 



10 st. 
8 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 nim. 
10 st, 
10 st, 
10 st. 
Light fog. 

Light fog. 

10 st. Light fog 

10 st, 

10 st. 

10 st. 



NSTE.ti 00 
NE.t; 00 

Loi 



ill 
00 

.01 
00 
00 
00 

01) 



00 
00 



00 Dense fog. 

00 1 cir.2 cir.cura.l st. 
00 6 cir. Light fog. 
00 ' 5 cir.3 cir.ctun.l st. 
00 j 8 cir. cum. 



SW.t 00 4cir.cum.6st.ENE. J 



6.61 



6.90 



7.32 



7.35 



.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.14 
.00 
.00 
.00 

.00 
.60 
.04 
.07 

.02 



.00 
.00 



.00 
.00 



.00 

. on 



.00 
.00 

.00 

.00 



.30 



7 p. 


in. 




8 p. 


m. 




Op. 


m. 




10 p. 


m. 




11 


p. m. 




12 p. 


m. 




Daily 
means. 


1 cir. 1 st. 

6 cir. st. 3 st. 

7 st, 

5 cir. st. 2 st. 

2 st, 






E.* 


SW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.00 


1st, 

4 cir. st. 2 st. 

8 st. 

2 st. 

1st. 




E.* 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

2 cir. st. 4 st. 

8 St. 

4 st. 

1 st, 




ESE.* 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 St. 

3 cir. 4 st. 
10 st. 
9 st. 
8 st. 






SW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

2 cir. 6 st. 
9 St. 
7 St. 
9 St. 






ESE.t 

E.t 

SW.t 


00 
.00 
00 
00 
00 


1st, 

2 cir. 6 St. 
10 St. 
9 St. 
9 St. 





ESE.t 

E.t 

SW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3.41 
5.41 
3.87 
5.66 
7.91 


9 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 

7 cir. 1 st. 


NNE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


9 st. 

10 St. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 
5 cir. 2 st. 


NNE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st, 
10 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 

10 St. 
«8t. 


NNE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

lOst. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 6 st. 


NNE.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 St. 

2 cir. cum. 

10 St. 
7 st. 




2 st. 




00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 St. 

2 cir. cum. 3 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 4 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


8.91 

10.00 
5.33 
9.75 
6.16 


10 st, 
9 st. 

10 St. 
6 St. 

10 st. 




E.* 



SW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
9 St. 

lOst. 

8 st. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st, 
10 St. 
10 st. 
9 St. 
10 nim. 









00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
lost. 
lOst. 
10 St. 
10 nim. 






ESE.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 









00 

00 
00 
.01 


10 St. 

lost. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
10 nim. 









00 

.01 

00 

00 


9.62 
8.37 
9.62 
9.33 
9.37 


10 st, 

9 st, 
10 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 




SSW.t 





SW.t 


00 

ou 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. 
10 st. 
10 st, 

2 cir. 1 st. 




SSW.t 





00 
00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. 

9 st. 
10 st, 
10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 



SW.1 





00 

oo 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
8 st. 

10 St. 
10 St. 

1st. 




SW.t 





00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 

9 st, 

1 cir. 1 st. 




SW.t 



s.t 




00 

.00 

00 

00 

00 


10 nim. 

9 st. 
10 st. 

7 st, 

1 cir. 1 st. 




SW.t 


s.* 




00 
00 
00 
00 


10.00 
9.50 
9.87 
8.20 
2.33 


Light fog. 
lOst. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 





SW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


Lit; ht f g. 
lost. 
10 st. 
10 St. 
lOst. 





SW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 

10 St. 

10 st. 
10 st. 






SW.t 



00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

8 St. 
10 st. 





SW.t 



00 
00 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 St. 









00 
00 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 

10 St. 









00 
00 

00 
00 


1.75 
7.91 
9.58 
8.41 
9.16 


10 st. 

9 st. 

3 cir. 4 st. 

10 St. 

2 cir. 3 st. 



E.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. 
3 cir. 4 st. 

10 St. 
1 cir. 2 st. 









00 

'oo 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 

'oo 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 7 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 

00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. 
1 cir. 8 st. 
10 st. 

7 st. 






Lt. fog. 



E.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
9st, 

8 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 




s.t 






00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3.13 
5.85 
4.91 
7.41 
6.66 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


9.66 


7.83 


7.25 




7.45 




7.87 




8.06 

1 


7.77 




7.33 



326 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showning the amount, Jcind, and direction of cloiids, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 





1 a.m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 

• 


4 a. m. 


5 a.m. 


6 a. m. 






a 




a 




a 




d 




d 




a 


Date. 




•2 




o 




_o 




'43 




o 
+3 




o 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


CJ 


Amount, kind, and 


ci 


Amount, kind, and 


rt 


Amount, kind, and 


c3 


Amount, kind, and 


a 




direction of clouds. 


% 


direction of clouds. 


!& 


direction of clouds. 


B 1 


direction of clouds. 


ft 


direction of clouds. 


C, 


direction of clouds 


p. 






'5 




P4 




o 

o 
u 




P4 




'o 
o 

P4 




*3 

Pi 


1883. 


























Juno 1 


10 st. 


CO 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 2 


lOnim. 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 nim. Hff.l 


. — 


10 st, NW. t 


. — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


June 3 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. 


6 cu. 3 cu. st. NW. t . — 


June 4 


10 St. 


00 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 st. 


■ — 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 5 


10 st. SSW.* 


00 


10 st 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


June 6 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


2 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


June 7 


2 cir. st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 St. 


00 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


June 8 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


June 9 


10 mm. 


• — 


10 nim. E.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 1.— 

i 


8 cum. 




■ 


June 10 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cum. 5 st. SW. t 


00 


5 cum. 2 st. 00 


3 cir. cum. 2st. SSE. t 


00 


June 11 


4 cir. 3 st. E. t 


00 


3 cir. 3 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 8 st. E. t 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 nim. 


. 


Juno 12 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. | 00 


10 st. 


00 


Juno i3 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


. 


10 nim. .— 


10 rim. 


.01 


June 14 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 St. 


00 


June 15 


10 st. i 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 st. ! 00 


3 cum. 5 st. . — 


June 16 


Dense fog. 1 00 


Dense fog. 


. — 


Dense fog. . — 


10 st. NE. t 


. — 


10 st. . — 


10 nim. .01 


June 17 


Dense fog. ! 00 


Dense fog 


00 


Dense fog. | CO 


1 cir. Dense fog. 


00 


4 cir. Light fog. ! 00 


5 cir. st. Lt. Fog. 00 


June 18 


1 ci. 2 ci. cu. 1 st. 1 00 


5 cir. cum. 1 St. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 9 st. NE.*i 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. ; 00 


Dense fog. ! 00 


June 19 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 St. E.* 


00 


9 st. E* 


00 


10 nim. E.* 


• — 


10 nim. " E.*.— 


10 st. .— 


June 20 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 00 
10 nim. Light fog. ! .— 


June 21 


1 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. E. * 


00 


Dense fog, 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


June 22 


10 st. NE * 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE* 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. . — 


June 23 


1 cir. cum. 9 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. cum. 6 st. NE.* 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. Ltfog. N.E.* 


00 


10 st. NE.t 00 


Dense fog. ' 00 


June 24 


lei. cu. leu. st. 2s. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 


00 


3 cir. cum. 6 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 00 


10 st. E.- 00 


June 25 


1 cir. cum. 6 st. E. t 


00 


2 ci. 1 ci. cu. 3 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 4 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5cum.2st. ! 00 


10 st. ENE.* 00 


Juno 26 


1 cir. st. 8 st. E.* 00 


4 cir. cum. 4 st. E* 


00 


lcir. st. 9st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. E.* 


00 


5 cum. 3 st. E.t 00 


10 st. E.* 00 


June 27 


10 nim. '.02 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


. 


Dense fog. 


, 


Dense fog. 00 


Denso fog. o 00 ] 


June 28 


10 st. SSE.*, 00 


10 st. SSE. 1 


00 


10 st. SSE. 1 


00 


10 st. SSE. t 


, 


10st, SSE.t 00 


3 cum. 6 st. S.t 00 


June 29 


2 cir. st. 2 st. 00 


3 cir. st..2 st. 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 2 st. 


00 


5 cum. 2 st. 


00 


4 cum. 3 st. ! CO 


June 30 


10 nim. SSE.* . 02 


10 nim. W. t 


.03 


1 cir. st. 9 st. W* 


.02 


10 st. W.* 


00 


10 st. SW. 1 


00 


6 cum. 3 st. Lt. fog. 1 00 


Means . 


6.63 


7.03 




6.80 




6.56 




7.60 


7.46 

! 


Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p. m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1883. 
























June 1 


9 st. N. t 


00 


9 st. ¥HV. t . 00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


9 st. W. t 


00 


10 st. W.t 


00 


June 2 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 3 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 4 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 5 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Light fog. 


00 


Light fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 6 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 





00 


June 7 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


June 8 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. E.* 00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E.* 


00 


Juno 9 


10 nim. 


• — 


9 st. E.*.— 


8 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. E.* 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


June 10 


1 cir. cum. 8 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 5 st. E. t 00 


2 cir. cum. 7 st. E. t 


00 


4 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


June 11 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


3 cir. 2 St. NE.t 00 


2 cir. 3 st. NE. t 


00 


1 cir. cum. 5 st. NE. t 


00 


2 cir. cum. 5 st. NE. t 


00 


7 st. 


00 


June 12 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, 


00 


June 13 


9 st. SSE. t 


00 


10 st. SSE. H 00 


10 st. SE.t 


00 


9 st. SE.t 


00 


10 st. SE. 1 


00 


9 st. SE.* 


00 


June 14 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 st. E.*.— 


10 st. E.* 


00 


30 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


10 st, 


00 


June 15 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. | 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 16 


10 nim. 


, — 


10 nim. .— 


10 nim. 





9 st. E. t 


. — 


10 st. E.t 


00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


Juno 17 


5 cir. st. 4 st. 


00 


2 cir. st. 6 st. 00 


5 st. 


CO 


1 cir. st. 7 st. 


00 


8 st. 


00 


1 cir. st. 5 st. 


00 


June 18 


9 st. NNE.t 


. — 


9 nim. NNE.t.— 


10 st. 


. 


9 st. NE.* 


00 


6 st. ENE.* 


00 


9 st. E.* 


00 


June 19 


9 st. ENE. t 





9 st. NE.* 00 


8 st. ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. 3 st. ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. ENE. t 


00 


2 st. u 


00 


Juno 20 


1 cir. st. 8 st. ENE. t 


00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. ENE. t . 00 


1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


2 st, 


00 


June 21 


10 st. NNE.* 


00 


9 st. NE. *, 00 


9 st. NE.* 


00 


8 st. NE.* 00 


5 st, NE.* 


00 


8 st. NE.* 


00 


Juno 22 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ENE.*, 00 


9 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.*! 00 


10 st. ENE* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


June 23 


10 st. 


00 


10 Dim .— 


10 nim. 


. 


10 nim. 0.— 


10 st. 


.01 


8 st. E* 


00 


June 24 


1 ci. cu. 8 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 00 


2 ci. cu. 6 st. ENE. * 


00 


10 St. ENE.* 00 


9 st. ENE.* 


00 


8 st. ENE.* 00 


June 25 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. j 00 


June 2G 


10 St. ■ 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


June 27 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. ; CO 


June 28 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 ci. 2 ci. cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 cum. st. 


00 


2 cir. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 00 


June 29 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


2 ci. 3 ci. cu. 2 cu. 

st. S.t 1 st. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


3 cir. cum. 5 cu. st. 00 


June 30 


10 st. 


00 


1 cir. 8 st. SW. t 


00 


9 st. SW.* 


00 


2 cir. 6 st. SW.* 


00 


6 st. SW.* 


.00 


9 st. SW* 00 


Means. 


7.83 




7.73 


7.36 




7.03 


6.73 


7.26 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 



327 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 18S1, to August, 18S3 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right below ; amount of precipitation on the right above. 1 



7 a. m. 


8 a. m. 




9 a. m. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. m. 


12 m. 


p. 

u 

-— < C 




■ 

5 




a 




a 
o 




o 








a 

c 






























Amount, kind, and a 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


-*-i 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 


S 


Amount, kind, and 




P = 




direction of clouds. \ ,g- 


direction of clouds. 


g, 


direction of clouds. 


3 


direction of clouds. 


p. 


direction of cli uds. 


~ 


direction of clouds. 


.£• 


£ 




I 5 




ii 




o 




e 




o 




© 


2 




1 & 




Ph 




Ph 




Ph 




£ 




Ph 


<i 




10 St. | 00 


10 ST. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. N. t 


00 


10 st. ; 00 


| 
8 st. N.I, 00 




00 


10 St. 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st, CO 


10 at. 1 00 


10 st. 00 




. 


4cu. i cu.st. NNW.t, 00 


10 St. 


00 


2 cum. 3 cum. st. N. t 


00 


3 cum. 1 00 


10 cum. st. N.t. 00 


10 St. 00 




. 


10 St. ! 00 


10 St. Light fog. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


18 st. Light fog. 00 


10 st. Light fog. 00 


10 st. Light fog. 00 




• — 


10 st. Light fog. 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. j 00 


Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 00 




00 


1 cir. 00 





00 





00 


00 


1 Oil 


! 00 




00 


2 cir. 1 st. Lt. fog. ; 00 


I »ense fog. 


eo 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. j 00 


Dinsefog. ; 00 


Dense fog. l 00 




00 


lOnim. . — 


10 nim. 


.01 


11) mm. 


. — 


10 nim. .— 


10 nim. . — 


4 cum. 6 st. ENE.*'.— 




.01 


10 st. E. *| 00 


J0nii<>. 




10 nim. 


■ — 


10 nim. [.— 


10 nim. E. *!. 01 


10 nim. E.*.— 




.03 


5 cum. 3 st. i 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 00 




00 


10 nim. E. f . — 


10 nim. Lt. fog. 


.01 


6 ci. 2 s. ENE*. L. fog. 


.00 


6ci.2s.NNE.tL.fogJ 00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


CO 


1 cir. 1 00 




.01 


10 st. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 St. | 00 


10 st. i 00 


10 st. 


00 


lost. Light fog. o 00 




. 


10 nim. . — 


10 rim. Lt. fog. 


.01 


10 nim. Light fog. .— 


10 nim. ESE.t.— 


10 st. SE. t 


. 


10 st. SSE.t 00 




.03 


10 St. i CO 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. 00 


10 st. , 00 


10 st. 


uO 


10 st. 00 




• — 


3 cum. 6 St. ENE.t 00 


cum. NE. t 


00 


1 cir. cnm. 9 cu. NE.t 00 


9 St. NE.t! 00 


8 st. ENE. t 


00 


9 st. NE.t 00 




,_ 


10 nim. NE.t 


— 


10 nim. NE.t 


. — 


3 cum. 6 cum. s. NE. t . — 


10 st. 1 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. >.— 




.01 


5 cir. st. Lt. fog. 


00 


7 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 


8 cir. s. Is. Lt. fog. 00 


8ci.s. Is. Lt. fog. 00 


8cir. s. Is. Lt.fog. 


00 


7 cir. st. 2 st. 00 




00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense log. 00 


8 cum. 00 


10 nim. 


. 


8 nim. .— 




. — 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 


00 


10 st. Light fog. 00 


Dense fog. ! 00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 nim. ENE.t.— 




• — 


8 st. Light fog. NE.* 


00 


3ci. cu.4s. L. fog. 
10 St. ENE.* 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. ENE.* 


00 


3 cir. 4 cum. ! 00 


8 cum. 


00 


5 cir. 2 cum. 


00 




00 


10 nim. 


._ 


. — 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 nim. .— 


10 st. 


. 


9 st. NE.* 


00 




. 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 nim. 


. — 


10 st. NE.* — 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 




.111 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 st. E.* 


. — 


10 st. E.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 00 


10 st. ENE t 


00 


10 st. 


00 




.01 


10 St. E.* 


00 


10 st. ENE." 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.*I 00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 




00 


10 st. ENE. 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 


10 st, ENE.* 


00 




00 


10 st. | GO 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


1 st. : 00 


10 st. Light fog. i CO 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 




.03 


5 cum. 3 st. Lt. fog.O 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 00 


Dense fog. 


00 




.1)4 


10 st. S.t 00 


10 st. ■ S. t 


00 


G cir. cum. 1 cum. 


00 


1 cir. cum. st. | 00 


lcir. cum. 2 st. ESE.t, 00 


2 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 




. — 


9 cum. st. S. t CO 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


■— 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. !.03 


7 cir. cum 3 st. 


■ — 




.06 


6 cum. 2 st. WSW. t 00 


4 cum. 3 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW. t 


00 


10 st. SW.1 


00 


10 st. SW. t 00 


10 st. SW.1 


00 




.07 


8.63 


8.03 


7.83 




7.53 




8.00 


7.83 


.31 



7 p. 


m. 


8 p. 


m. 




9 


p.m. 


10 p. 


m. 


Up 


m. 


12 p.m. 


Daily 
means. 


8 st. 


SW.f 


00 


10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


9 St. 


NW.t 


00 


9 St. 


NW.t 


00 


10 st. WNW. t 


00 


9.33 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10.00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st, 


00 


9.37 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


lOst. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


4.16 








00 








00 


1 St. 





(.0 


1 St. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1 St. 


00 


.33 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


.83 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 nim. 


E.t.— 


10 st. 


E.t 


. — 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 nim. E.t 


. — 


8.33 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. 1 st. 





CO 


2 st. 


, 00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





ou 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


6.95 


3 cir. 3 st. 





00 


8 st. 


E.t 


00 


8 st. 


E.t 00 


8 st. 


E.t 


00 


6 st. 


E.ti 00 


6 8t. 


00 


7.41 


3 cir. 2 st. 





00 


4 cir. 3 st. 





00 


8 st. 


00 


2 cir. 5 st. 


NE.* 


00 


9 st. 


NE.t; 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


6.62 


10 St. 





00 


9 St. 


E.t 


00 


2 cir. cum 


6 st. 00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 nim. 


. 


9.45 


4 st. 


E.* 


00 


3 st. 


E.* 


00 


10st. 


E* 00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


[ 00 


10 st. 


00 


8.50 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


E.t 00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 00 


10 st. 


00 


10.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


: 00 


lOst. 


00 


10 st. 


o ; oo 


Dense fog. 


00 


9.25 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


: 00 


Dense fog. 


1 00 


Dense fog. 


00 


7.83 


2 cir. st. 3 st. 





00 


5 cir. st. 3 st. 


- 


CO 


3 cir. 4 st 





00 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. 00 


4 cir. cum. 3 st. ! 00 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


6.04 


8 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


8 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 00 


10 st. E. t 


00 


6.33 


2 st. 





00 


5 st. 


E.* 


00 


6 st. 


E* 


00 


10 St. 


E.i 


00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


7.37 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 


i 00 


1 st. 


00 


2.91 


6 St. 


NE.* 


00 


8 st. 


NE. " 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





CO 


Dense fog. 





00 


st. NE.* 


00 


7.16 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


lost. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


9.54 


10 st. 





00 


10 et. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


5 st. ENE. t 


00 


S.75 


3 cir. cum. 4 st. ENE.* 00 


4 cir. st. 1 st 


ENE.* 


00 


2 ci. cum. 


5 st ENE. 1 


.00 


2 ci. cum. 4 st. ENE. t 


CO 


1 ci. cum. 7 st. ENE. t 


00 


lei. cum. 4 st. ENE.t 


00 


8.41 


10 st. 


00 


5 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


8 st. 


ENE.*I 00 


7 st. 


ENE.* 


01 


9 st. 


ENE.* 00 


9 st. ENE.* 


00 


8.58 


10 st. 


o j oo 


10 St. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. . 


03 


9.79 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


10 sr. E.* 


00 


2.41 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. cum 


2 st. 1 00 


1 cir. 2 st. 





00 


1 ci. 1 ci. cum. 2 st. 


00 


1 cir. 2 st. 


00 


5.25 


9 st. 


ssw.t oo 


9 st. 


S.t 


00 


9 St. 


t 00 


10 St. 


SW.t 


00 


10 st. 


SE.t 00 


10 st. ESE. t 


00 


8.12 


2 cir. 6 st. 


sw.* oo 


9 cir. 9 st. 


WSW.* 


00 


9 st. 


wsw.*; oo 


lcir. st. 9 st. WSW.* 


00 


9 st. 


wsw.*!. oo 


10 st. W.* 


00 


9.20 


6.76 


7.06 




7.00 


6.70 




6.86 




6.23 




7.27 









328 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Statement showing the amount, hind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 









[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. In this 




1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. m. 


6 a.m. 


Date. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

1 

'S 

*s 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

1 

'3 


Amount, Mud, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

!§* 

'3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

H 

'o 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

IS" 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


p 

_o 

-^ 
p. 

'3 






to 




to 




to 




to 




u 
to 




£ 


1883. 
July 1 
July 2 
July 3 
July 4 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 nim. E.t 


00 

'oo 

.01 


10 st. 
10 st. E.* 
10 st. 
10 nim. 


00 

'oo 

.02 


10 St. 
10 nim. ESE.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


06 

!o2 

.01 


10 st. SW.* 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


00 
.02 
.01 


9 st. WSW. 1 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

10 St. 


00 

iei 


9 st. SW. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 
10 St. 


00 
.01 
.01 i 

00 


July 5 
July 6 
July 7 
July 8 
July 9 


10 nim. 
10 st. E.t 

2ci.3ci. s. 3 s. SSW.t 
10 nim. S. t 

1 cir. st. 4 st. W. t 


'oo 

00 
00 


10 St. 

10 st, 

1 cir. st. 9 st. 

9 st. S. t 

2ci.2ci. st2st. W.t 


00 

00 

.03 

00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. st. 9 St. S. t 
10 st. S.t 

2 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
.00 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. ~ 
10 nim. 
10 st. S. t 
4 cir. 1 st. 


00 

.'oi 

00 
00 


Dense fog. 00 
10 nim. .— 
10 nim. . 01 
10 st. S. tl 00 
1 cir. 2 st. 00 


Dense fog. 
10 nim. Light fog. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. S.t 
2 cir. 1 st. 6 


00 

.01 

00 


July 10 

July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 


Dense fog. 
1 cir. 
10 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


Dense fog. i 00 

1 cir. st. 1 st. | 00 
10 st. 1 00 
10 nim. 1 .- 

2 st. 1 00 


10st.NE.*Densefog. 

6 st. NE.* 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. st. 7 st. WSW. 1 


00 
00 
00 
.01 
00 


10 st.NE.*Densefog. 

3 st. E.* 
10 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. st. 5 st. WSW. t 


00 
00 
00 

00 


Dense fog. 

1 cir. cum. 2 st. E. t 

10 nim. 

10 st. 

3 st. 


00 
00 

'oe 


Dense fog. u 00 

leuni. 2 st, E.i 60 

10 nim. 6 . — 

10 St. Light fog. 60 

3 st. 00 


July 15 
July 16 
July 37 
July 18 
July 19 


9 st. 

Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 

2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 ci. 1 ci. cum. 2 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
4 cir. st 1 st. 
2 ci. 2 cir. cum. 2 St. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 

10 st, 

Dense fog. 

5 cir. st. 1 st. 

3 cir. 2 cir. cu. 2 st. 


00 | 10 st. 
00 10 St. 
00 1 cir. Dense fog. 
00 4 cir. st. 1 st. 
00 | 3ci. lei. cu. 3 s. SSE1 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
4 cir. 2 st. Lt. fog. 
2 cir. 1 st. 
4 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


io st. u oo 

Dense fog. ' 00 

ci. s. 1 st. Lt. fog. 00 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 00 

3 cir. st. 2 st. 00 


July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 23 
July 24 


1 cir. st. 8 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. NE.* 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


10 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 

9 st. ENE. t 

1 cir. 6 st. E.* 

10 st. ENE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
9 St. NE. t 
9 st. E.* 
10 nim. ENE * 


00 10 St. 
00 i Dense fog. 
00 9 St. N E. t 
00 Dense fog. 
.— 1 10 nim. ENE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
3 cum. 5 st. E.* 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 


00 , 10 st. E. t 00 
00 Dense fog. o : 00 
00 2 cum. 7 st. E. t 00 
00 9st,E.* Light fog. 00 
.— ; 10 nim. 0'.— 


July 25 
July 26 
July 27 
July 28 
July 29 


1st. 
1 cir. st. 2 st. E* 

3 cir. 3 cir. st. 2 st. 
Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 
9 st. E. * 
1st. 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 4 st. S.t 
10 st. ENE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. 
Dense fog. 
1st. 
9 st. 
1 cir. 9 st. E.* 


00 1 st. 
00 ' Dense fog. 
OS | 1 st. 
00 9 st. 
00 | 10 st. E.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
60 


1 st, 
Dense fog. 



2 eir st. 7 st. 
10 st. 


00 2 st. 00 
00 ' Lt.haz. 5st.E.*Lt,fo£:. .no 
00 00 
00 10 st. 00 
00 ' 10 st. Light fog. 00 


July 30 
July 31 


10 st. E.* 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 


10 st. E.* 
2 cir. 2 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 


10 st. E.* 
1 cir. 1 cir. st. 1 st. 


00 
00 


10 st. E* 00 
2 cir. 2ci.st 1st. E.* 00 


10 st. E.* 
3 cir. st. 2 st, E. t 


00 l 10 nim. 
00 2 cir. st, 6 st. E.* 


00 


Means - 


5.77 


6.77 


7.51 




6.83 


5.96 


6.64 




Date. 


1 p. m. 


2 p.m. 


3 p. m. 


4 p. m. 


5 p. m. 


6 p. m. 


1883. 
July 1 
July 2 
July 3 
July 4 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 


00 

'oo 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
2 st, SW. Dense fog. t 
10 nim. 


00 
.01 

00 
.01 


10 St. 
10 nim. 
10 st. SW. 1 
10 nim. 


00 

.03 

00 


10 st. 
10 nim. 
1 cir. 7 st 
10 nim. 


00 
.04 
.00 
.01 


8 st. Light fog. 
10 nim. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 


00 

.02 

00 


8 st. Light fog. 
10 nim. 

5 cir. 4 st. 
Dense fog. 


60 

.03 

00 


July 5 
July 6 
July 7 
Jnly 8 
July 9 


9 st. 
10 nim. 

1 cir. 9 st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. st. 1 st. E.* 


00 

.02 
00 
00 
00 


1 cir. 8 st. D. fog. 1 00 
10 nim. OL- 
IO st. 00 
10 st. W.*, 00 

8 st. E.* 00 


2 cir. 6 st. WSW. t 

10 st. 

10 st. 

9 st, W.* 

9 St. ENE.* 


00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. W. t 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. W.* 
9 st. ENE.* 


60 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 St. 
10 st. W. v 
Dense fog. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. | 00 
Dense fog. 00 
10 st. S. t 00 
10 st. W.*i 00 
Dense fog. 00 


July 10 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
July 14 


10 st. NNE.* 



Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 

10 st, WSW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. NE.* 

1 num. 

Danse fog. 

Dense fog. 

8 st. WNW. t 


00 

00 
00 
00 

00 


10 st. NE.* 

1st. 

Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 

1 cir. 7 st. WNW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
1st. 

10 st. 
Dense fog. 
2 cir. 7 st. W. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


3 st. E.* 

1st. 

10 st 

Dense fog. 

3 cir. 6 st SW. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


2 st. E.* 

1st 
10 st. 
10 st. 

9st 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


July 15 
July 16 
July 17 
July 18 
July 19 


10 st. 
10 st. 
2 cir. 6 st. SE. t 

1 cir. 

2 cir. 2 cir. cum. 


00 
00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
9 st. ESE. i 

1 cir. 

2 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. ESE.t 

1 cir. 

2 cir. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1C st. 
10 St. 
8 st. ESE. t 

1 cir. 1 st 

2 cir. 1 cir. cu. 1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. N. t 

10 st. 

8 st. ESE. t 

1 cir. 1 st. 

2c. lei. cu.4s.ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. 00 

10 St. 1 00 

9 st. ESE.t 00 

2 cir. 00 

9 nim. ESE. ' . 02 


July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 23 
July 24 


10 st. E.*.— 
2 cir. cum. 7 st. NE. t 00 

10 St. 00 
1 st. 00 

Dense fog. 00 


10 st. ENE.* . — 
9 st. NE.t! 00 

lOst. NE.* : 00 
1 St. 1 00 
1 cir. 1 st. ENE. t 00 


10 nim. 

10 st NNE. t 

10 st. NE.* 

2 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 


.01 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. ENE.* 

10 st. NNE.t 

10 st, ENE.* 

1st. 

1 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st E.* 

10 st NNE.t 

9 st, ENE.* 

1st. 

1st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. E.*.— 

10 st. NNE.t 00 

2 cir. cu. 4 st. ENE. t no 

1 st. 00 

1 St. ; 00 


July 25 
July 26 
July 27 
July 28 
July 29 


1st. 
1 cir. 7 st. ESE.* 
4 cir. st. 2 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 
1 cir. 9 st. NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1 st. ESE.* 

2 cir. st. 3 st. 

1 st. 

2 cir. 6 st. NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

2 st. E.* 

3 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
3 cir. 6 st NE.* 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


1st. 

1 st, E.* 

2 st. 
1 cir. 1 st, 

10 st. NE.* 


00 
60 
00 
00 
00 


1 st. 00 

| 00 

2 st. 1 00 

1 st. 00 
10 st ENE.* 00 


1 St. 00 

1 St. 1 00 

2 cir. 1 st. 00 
1 st. " 90 

10 st. ENE.* 00 


July 30 
July 31 


9 St. ENE.* 00 
10 st. E.* 00 


10 st. ENE.*. 00 
3 cir. 2 cir. s. 3 st. E.*j 00 


10 st. NE.* 
2ci. 2ci.s. Is. ENE.* 


00 
00 


9 st. ENE.* 
1 ci. 3 ci s. 2 s. ENE.* 


00 
00 


10 st. ENE.* 00 7 st. E.* 00 
4 cir. 3 st. ENE.*! 00 9 st. ENE. on 


Means. 


6.38 


6.32 


6.58 




6.58 


5. 48 6. 09 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



329 



character of precipitation, at Uglaavnie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount oi' clouds on the riyht below ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a 


m. 




8 a. m. 






!) a. 


in. 




10 a. m. 




11 a. m. 




12 m. 




'o 
u 

nil 








p 




! « 






a 


'" 




a 




a 












1 o 






© 


! ° 




o 




o 












*.n 






S3 


i "43 








••a 


= | 




Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and j -§ 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and +> 


Amount, kind, and 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


4^ 


+» « 




direction of 


clouds. 


Pi 


direction of clouds. ! a 


direction of 


clouds. 


p. 


direction of clouds. 


P. 


direction of clouds. 


p< 


P. 


c 












o 






5 




o 




o 






o 








<u 




'- 














H 




<u 


a 








Pn 




! ph 






Ph 




P4 




P4 




Ph 


■4 




10 st. 





00 


10 St. 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




.110 


10 nim. 





, — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 


.02 


10 nim. 


.01 


10 nim. 


.04 




. 30 


10 st. 





. 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.04 


10 nim. 


.01 


HI nim. 


.01 


10 st. 


. 




.12 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


• — 


10 nim. 


.01 




.09 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


6 cir. cum. 3 st. 


00 


6 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 







10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


E.t 


. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 


.03 


10 nim. 


.05 


10 nim. 


.04 




.18 


10 nim. 


s.t 


.01 


10 cum. st. 


S.1 


. — 


7 cum. 3 st. 


s.t 


00 


3 cum. G st. S.* 


00 


10 st. S.* 


00 


4 cir. 6 st. S.* 


00 




.03 


Dense fog. 





.01 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 


wsw.* 


00 


10 nim. "WSW.* 


. — 


10 st. 


. — 


10 st. WSW.* 


00 




.04 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 





00 


3 cir. 





00 


4 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. 9 st. E. t 


00 


1 cir. 2 cum. 


00 




.00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. NNE.* 


00 


10 st. NNE.* 


00 




.00 


1st. 





00 








00 








00 





00 





00 





00 




.0(1 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. Lt. fog. 





. — 


Dense fog. 





. — 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 




.01 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. Light fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 




.01 


2 st 





00 


3 cir. cum. 2 st. 





00 


9 cum. 





00 


10 st. WNW. 1 


00 


10 St. NNW.t 


00 


10 st. WNW.t 


00 




.00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


"W.t 


00 


10 St. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 


10 st. 


00 




.00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. Light fog. 





00 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


Dense log. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


10 st. ENE.t Lt. fog. 


00 




.00 


5 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


5 cir. 2 st. 





00 


6 cir. Light fog. 


00 


6 cir. Light fog. 


00 


cir. 2 st. Lt. fog. 


00 


6 cir. 2 st. SE.tL.fog 


00 




.00 


3 cir. st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 1 st. 





00 


2 cir. st. 1 s1 





00 


1 cir. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. o 


00 


1 cir. 


00 




.00 


2 ci. st. 2 st. Lt. fog. 


00 


4 cir. cum. 1 st. 





00 


7 cir. cum. 





00 


7 cir. cum. 


00 


5 cir. cum. 


00 


2 cir. cum. 


00 




.02 


10 nim. 


E.* 


.02 


10 nim. 


E.t 


.03 


10 nim. 


E.t 


.02 


10 st. E. t 


.02 


10 nim. E. t 


.08 


10 nim. E.* 


.03 




.21 


Dense fog. 





oo 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 


00 


Dense fog. o 


00 


4 cir. cum. 6 st. NEt 


00 




. — 


10 st. Light fog. 


00 


10 cum. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


9 st. Light fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 




. — 


9 st. 


NE.* 


00 


5 st. NE.* Ltfog. 


00 


Light fog. 





00 


Light fog. 


00 


1 st. NNE. t 


00 





00 




. 00 


10 nim. 





.01 


Dense fog. 





• — 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 


Dense fog. 


00 




.02 


1 St. 





00 


2 st. 





00 








00 





00 





00 





00 




.00 


Light haze. 


4 st. 


00 


Light haze. 3 st. 


• 


00 


Light haze. 


2 st. E. t 


00 


1 st. ESE.t Lt. fog. 


00 


1 st. ESE.* Lt. fog. 


00 


3 st. SE.* 


00 




.00 








00 








00 








00 


1 cir. 


00 


2 cir. st. 


00 


5 cir. st. 


00 




.00 


4 cir. st. 5 st. 





00 


6 cum. 2 st. 





00 


5 cum. 3 st. 





00 


3 st. 


00 


1 st. 


00 


1st. 


00 




.00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


4 cir. 4 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


4 cir. 3 st. ENE.* 


00 


5 cir. 3 St. ENE. * 


00 


10 st. ENE.* 


00 




.00 


10 nim. 


E.* 


.01 


10 nim. Light fog 


. 


00 


10 st. 





t 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE.* 


00 


10 st. NE* 00 




.01 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 St. 


E* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


19 st. ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. ENE.* 


00 


lcir. cu. 9 St. ENE.", 00 




.00 


5.58 


6.22 




5.35 




5.77 




5.70 




6.22 




1 


.04 



7 p. m. 



8 p. m. 



9 p. m. 



Dense fog. 

10 nim. Light fog. 

9 nim. ~ S.t 

3 st. 



10 st. 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

8 St. 

1 st. 

1st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 



10 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

2 cir. 

2 cir. cum. 3 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 



1 st. 


3 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
lost. 






s.t 
w.* 



E.* 





NE.t 





E.* 

NE.t 
E/ 







ENE.t 



1 cir. 2 st. E. 

9 st. ENE. 



5.58 



Dense fog. 
10 st. 
9 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 
9st. 

10 st. 

1st. 

2 st. 
lOst 
Dense fog. 

9 st. 

10 st. 
10 St. 

5 st. 

1 cir. 



00 

I.— 

S.1 

00 






s.t 
w* 



E.* 







NE.t 00 

o j oo 

ESE.* 00 

o I 00 
4 cir. cnm. 4 st. 00 



10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

1st. 

1st. 

1st. 
o 

4 cir. st. 1 st. 
1st. 
10 st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 



E.*i 00 
ENE.* 00 



6.16 



Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

8 st. 
10 st. 

9 St. 
10 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. 1 st. 
10 st. 

9 st. 

3 cir. 3 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. 3 st. 
1 cir. 1 st. 



00 

00 


WSW.t 00 





H:- 
s.t 

W." 
NE.' 











E.t 



1 cir. st. 8 st. ENE. 1 



E.t 
NE.t 
NE.t 









ENE.* 

NE.t 



ESE.* 


00 


9st, 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


10 st. 





00 


2 st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


3 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


8 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


lOst. 



1 cir. 1 st. 

10 st. 




ENE." 



10 p. m. 



11 p. m. 



10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

10 st. 

9 st. 
10 nim. 

8 st. 
10 st. 





E.t 



sw.t 



o 




W.*i 00 
NNE.* 00 



oo 



1st. 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog 



1 cir. cum. 7 st. NW. 



10 st. 

10 st. 
2 cir. 3 s 
1 cir. 1 st. 



j 00 

j 00 
| 00 

! oo 
■ 00 

00 
00 



3 cir. cu. 6 st. ENE. t 



10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

Dense fog. 
1 st. 

1st. 

1 st. 

2 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 

10 st. 

2 cir. 1 st. 
9 st. 















ENE.- 

ENE.t 



OO 

ENE.* 00 



10 st. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

10 st, 

9 st. 
10 st. 

7 St. 
10 st. 

1st. 

1 cir. 2 st. 
lOst. 
Dense fog. 

9 st. 

10 st. 
10 st. 

2 cir. 3 St. 
1 cir. 2 st. 










S.t 


w.* 





NE.1 






00 

00 

E.t 00 

00 

1 cir. St. 8 st. ENE. t 00 



lOst. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

8 St. 

1st. 



ENE.t 00 

00 

NE.*, 00 

NNE.*j 00 

00 



1 St. 00 

1 St. to 

3 cir. st. 2 st. | 00 

10 st. ENE.*i 0J 

10 st. NE.t 00 



2 cir. 2 st. 
10 st. 



| 00 

ENE.* 00 



6.90 



7.22 



12 p. m. 



10 st, 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 




SE.t 







10 st. 

2 cir. 5 st. 

2 cum. 5 st. SE. t 

7 st. W* 

Dense fog. 



1st. 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. 

9 st. 







W.t 



10 st. 

10 st. 

1 cir. 3 st. 

2 cir. cum. 2 st. 
7 St. NE. t 



10 st. 
10 nim. 

9 st. 
Dense fog. 

1st. 

1st. 

1 st. 

3 cir. 1 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 





NE.* 








NE.t 



Daily 
means. 



2 cir. 2 cir. st. 2 st. I 00 
9 st ENE.*i 00 



8.50 
10.00 
8.62 
8.87 



8.04 
9.66 
8.58 
5.37 

3.79 
1.87 
7.08 
4.04 
7.12 

9.95 

7.08 
5.83 
2.62 
5.83 

9.91 
5.75 
7.95 
2.58 
3.45 

.91 
2.00 
2.50 
5.04 
8.75 

8.12 
8.04 



6.29 



H. Ex. 44 42 



330 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the amount, kind, and direction of clouds, and amount and 

[Washington mean time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 hours 17 minutes. Precipitation is given in inches. Li this 





1 a. m. 


2 a.m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a.m. 


5 a. m. 


■ 

a.m. 


Date. 


Amount kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a 
o 

'-§ 

'3 

CD 

Ph 


Amount, Mrid, and 
direction of clouds. 


3 

.2 

'g. 
'3 

0) 

p* 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


3 
o 

'3 

CO 

Ph 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


a i 3 

O ! o 

■■s IS 

£ : Amount, kind, and 3 
|g. , direction of clouds. , ^E, 

*o '3 

Ph | j fi 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


3 
o 

cS 

p. 
'3 
<o 


1883. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
Aug. 3 

Aug. 4 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 7 
Aug. 8 

Aug. 9 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 13 

Aug. 14 
Aug. 35 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 
Aug. 18 

Aug. 19 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 21 
Aug. 22 
Aug. 23' 

Aug. 24 
Aug. 25 
Aug. 26 
Aug. 27 


10 st. ENE. * 
10 st. E. 1 
10 st. E. * 

8 st. E. f 
10 st. NE.1 

9 st. NE.t 
10 st. 

2 cir. cum. 3 st. 

2 st. 
1 St. . 

Dense fog. 
4 cum. st. 6 st. S. t 

10 st. 

6 st. NE. t 

6 st. SE. t 
9 St. S. t 

10 nim. 
1 cir. 5 st. S. 1 

10 nim. N. t 
,_ 9 st. ESE. t 
10 nim. 
9 st. NNE. t 
10 st. WSW.t 

Dense fog. 

7 st. NE. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
CO 

" 00 

00 
00 
00 
02 
00 

00 
.01 
00 

00 

00 
00 
.06 


10 st. E. * 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
10 st, 
9 st. NE. t 
10 st. 
2 cir. cum. 4 st. 

3 st. 
1 st. 

D< u?e fog. 
1 cir. cuin. 9 st. SE.t 
Dense fog. 

9 st. 

1 cir. cum. 2 st. 

10 nim. S.t 

10 nim. 

4 st. 

10 nim. N. t 
9 st. E. 1 

10 nim. 
9 st. NNE. t 

10 st. SW.t 

Dense fog. 
8 st. NE. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

.01 
00 

00 
.01 
00 

00 

00 

00 

.10 


10 st. ENE. * 
10 st. 
10 st, E. t 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 st. NE.t 
10 st. 

3 cum. 5 st. S. 1 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 st. 
Dense fog. 

9 st. SSW. 1 
10 st. 
■ 
10 st. NE. t 

2 st. Light fog. 
lOst. S.t 
10 nim. 

4 st. SE. t 

10 nim. N. t 
10 st. ESE. t 
10 nim. 
10 st. NNE. t 
10 st. SW. * 

Dense fog. 
8 cum. st. NE. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
.02 
00 

00 

00 
CO 

00 

00 

.09 


10 st. E. * 
10 st. E. t 
9 St. ESE.t 

Dense fog. 

10 st. ENE.* Lt fog. 
10 st. NE. t 
10 st. ESE. t 
10 nim. S. t 

3 cir. st. 2 st. Lt. foir. 

1 St. ^0 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. S.t 
10 st. ESE. t 

10 st. NE. t 
Dense fog. 
lOst. SW.t 
10 nim. 

2 cir. cum. 5 st. E.t 

10 st. N.t 
10 st. E.t 
10 nim. ENE. t 
10 st. 
10 st. SW. * 

Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. ■ E. t 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
.01 
CO 

00 
00 

!oi 

00 

'oo 

.01 
00 
00 

00 
00 
.04 


10 St. ENE. * 
10 st. Light fog. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
10 st, ENE.*Lt. fog. 
10 St. 
10 st. 
10 nim. S. t 

2 cir. st. 1 st. 

2 cum. 3 st. 

Dense fog. 

10 st. S. t 

10 st. E. t 

lOst. NE.t 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
10 nim. 
10 st. E. t 

10 st. NNW. t 
10 st. E. * 
10 nim. 
10 st. 
10 st. SW.* 

Dense fog. 
10 st. , 
10 nim. . 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 

. 00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
.02 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 
.08 
00 


10 st. E. * 
10 st. E. * Lt. fog. 
3 cum. 5 st. ESE. t 

Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 cum. 
10 nim. S. t 

1 cir. st. 2 st. 

3 st. 

Dense fog. 

10 st. S. t 

10 st. ESE. t 

10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. SW. t 
lunim. 
10 nim. E. t 

10 st. NNW. t 
10 st. 
10 nim. ENE. t 
9 st. 
Light haze. 9 st. 

Dense fog. 
8 cum. st. SE. t 
10 nim. 
10 st. E. * 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
.02 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

.02 

00 
00 
.01 
00 
00 

00 

00 

.04 

00 


Means 


7.66 




6.70 

1 


7.62 




7.85 




7.70 


7.03 


Date. 


1 p.m. 




2 p.m. 


3 p.m. 


4 p.m. 


5 p.m. 


tip. m. 


1883. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
Aug. 3 

Aug. 4 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 7 
Aug. 8 

Aug. 9 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 13 

Aug. 14 
Aug. 15 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 
Aug. 18 

Aug. 19 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 21 
Aug. 22 
Aug. 23 

Aug. 24 
Aug. 25 
Aug. 26 
Aug. 27* 


10 st. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

Dense fog. 
10 st, NE.* 
Dense fog. 
6 cir. cum. 3 st. SE.* 
4 cir. cum. 1 st. SW.t 

8 st. 

4 cir. cum. 5 cum. 
Dense fog. 

3 cir. cum. 7 st. ESE.t 
10 st. 

3 cir. cum. 7 st. E.t 
Dense fog. 

9 st. Light fog. 
9 st. W.* 

5 cir. cum. 3 st. N.t 

9 St. N.t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. W.* 
10 st. W.t 

10 st. WNW.*Lt.fog. 
1 cir. cum. 9 st. SSE.* 
10 st. 
10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

.01 
01 
00 
00 


10 st. 

9 St. E.* 

10 st. E.t 

10 st. E.* 

10 st. NNE.* Lt. fog. 

Dense fog. 

2 cir. cum. 7 st. SE.* 

5 cir. cum. 1 st. SW.t 

8 cir. cum. 1 st. 
1 cir. cum. 9 st. 

10 st. Light fog. 
5 cir. cum. 2st. ESE.t 

10 st. Light fog. 

10 st. E.t 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. W.* 
10 st. N.t 

9 at. N.t 
10 st. E.* 
10 st. NE.* 
10 nim. W.* 
10 st. W.t 

10 st. NW.* Lt. fog. 
1 cir. 9 st. S.* 
9 st. W.* 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 

CO 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

'oo 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


10 St. 

1 cir. 7 st. E.* 
10 st. E.t 

10 st. E.* 
10 st. NNE.t 
Dense fog. 
3 cir. cum. 5 st. SE.* 
Dense fog. 

7 cir. cum. 1 st. 

2 cir. cum. 7 st. 
9 st. SE.t 
5 cir. cum. 3 st. SE.t 
9 st. 

10 st. ESE.t 
10 nim. 
10 st. 

8 st. SW.* 
10 st. N.t 

10 nim. N.t 
10 st. E.* 
10 st. NE.* 
10 nim. W.* 
10 st. W.t 

10 st. NW.* Lt.fog. 
5 cir. 3 st. SSE.* 

9 st. W.* 
10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
.01 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
9 st. E.* 

2 cir. cum. 7 st. E.t 

10 st. E.* 

10 st. NE.t 

Dense fog. 

9 st. 

5 cir. cum. 4 st. 

3 cir. 1st. 
3 cir. cum. 5 st. 
8 st. SE.t 

8 st. SE.t 
10 st. 

10 st. E.t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
2 st. S.* 
10 st. 

9 nim. N.t 
10 st, E.* 
lOst. NE.* 
10 nim. 
10 bt. 

10 nim. 
1 cir. 9 st. SSE.* 
9 st. W.* 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

'oo 

00 
00 

'oo 

00 


10 St. 
9 st. ESE.* 
4 cir. cum. 4 st. E.t 

10 st. E.* 
10 st. NE.t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
3 cir. cum. 5 st. 

7 cir. cum. 1 st. 
10 nim. 
3 cir. 3 St. SE.t 

2 cir. st. 6 st. SE.t 
10 st. 

10 st. E.t 

3 cir. 6 st. SE.* 
10 st. 

3 st. S.* 
10 nim. 

10 nim. N.t 
10 st. E.* 
10 st, NE.* 
10 st. 
9 st. SW.* 

10 st, NNE.* 
2 cir. 7 st. SSE.* 
7 st. WNW.* 

10 st. 


00 

00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

'oo 

00 
00 

00 
00 


10 st. 
6 st. SE.* 
3 cir. cum. 5 st. E.t 

10 st. E.* 
10 st. NE.t 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 

5 cir. 1 st. 
Dense fog. 

3 cir. 2 st. 
9 st. 

10 st. 

10 st 

8 st. S.* 

Dense fog. 

4 st. 8 S.* 
10 nim. 0. 

8 st. 
10 nim. E.* 
10 st. 
10 st. 

8 st. SW.* 

10 st. NNE.* 
2 ci. cum. 6 st. SSE.t 

9 st NW.* 
10 st 


00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

.01 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


Means. 


7.62 




9.11 




8.66 




8.66 




ft. 03 




9.35 





* Station abandoned August 27, 1883. 



EXPEDITION lO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



331 



character of precipitation, at Uglaamie, from October, 1881, to August, 1883 — Continued. 

table * signifies rapid, t signifies slow. Daily means of amount of clouds on the right b< low ; amount of precipitation on the right above.] 



7 a.m. 


8 a. ra. 


9 a.m. 


10 a.m. 


11 a.m. 


12 m. 


o 

p.. 

^ a 
oj 

p-^ 

p 

e 






a 
o 


! . 

1 f 

.2 




a 
_o 




a 

•2 


p 

i -2 




P 
p 




Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'3. 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'S 1 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


43 
5. 
'5 


Amouut, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'a, 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


3 


Amount, kind, and 
direction of clouds. 


'3 






u 
Ph 




Pi 




Ph 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
2ci.cu.4st.ESE.tL.f'g 


u 
Ph 

CO 
00 
00 




Ph 




Ph 


3 
< 




10 St. ENE. * 
10 st. Light fog. 
4cu.5st. ESE.t Lt.fg. 


00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
Dense fog. 
3 cum. 5 st. ESE. t 


P0 
00 
00 


10 st. Light fog. 
Dense fog. 
4 cir. st, ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
Denso fog. 


00 
00 
00 


10 St. 
Dense fog. 
10 St. ESE.t Lt. fog. 


00 
00 
00 




00 

DO 
00 


Dense fog. 
10 St. Light fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 cum. Lt. fog. 
10 st. 


00 
00. 
00 
00 


Dense fog. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. ' S. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 

oo 


Dense fog. 
Dense log. 
10 St. 
10 st. ESE. * Lt. fog. 
10 st. S. t 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. Light fog. 
1 st Light fog. 
10 st. 
lost. ESE.* Lt.fog. 
5 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 

oo 

00 
00' 
00 


Den so fog. 
10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. Light fog. 
10 st. SE. * 
8 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 
00 
01) 
00 

00 


10 st. ESE.* Lt. fog. 

10 st. 

10 st. 

6 cum. 4 st. SE.t 

5 cir. cum. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 




00 
00 
00 
00 
02 


2cir.st. 2et. 

1 cum. 3 st. 

Dense fog. 

10 st, 

10 st. 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


4 st. SSW. t 
2 cum. 3 st. 
2c,i.s.5s.SW.tL.f'g. 
10 nim. 
10 st. ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 
.01 

00 


1 cir. 8 st. SSW. t 

cum. 1 st. 

Dense fog. 

10 nim. 

10 st. ESE. t 


00 
00 
00 

oo 


L cir. 9 st. 

3 cum. 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. 

4 cum. 5 st. 


00 
00 

oo 

.01 
00 


1 cir. st. 9 st. SSE. t 

1 cir. 1 cum. 

Den-<e fog. 

10 nim. SE.t 

5 cir. 3 st. E. * 


00 
(10 
00 
.06 
00 


10 st. SSE.t 
4 cir. cum. 2 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. ESE.t 
10 st. Light fog. 


00 
00 
00 
.02 
00 




00 

02 
11 
00 


10 st. 
Dense fog. 
10 st. ssw. t 
10 nim. 
10 nim. E. t 


00 
00 
00 
.01 
.01 


10 st. Light fog. 

3 st. Light fog. 

3 cu. 6 cu. st. SSW. t 

10 nim. 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
.01 
.01 


1 cir. cum. 1st. NE.t 

1 cir. 2 st. S. * 

1 cir. cu. 3 st. Lt. fog. 

10 nim. 

10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 
.0L 
.01 


4 st. ENE. t Lt. fog. 
9 st. 
1 cir. cum. 9 cum. 
4 cum. 4 st. W. * 
10 nim. 


00 
00 
00 

:oi 


Dense fog. 
J ci. cu. 8 st. D. fog. 
9 cum. Light foe:. 
10 sr. W.* 
10 nim. NNE. * 


00 
Oil 
00 
00 
.02 


3 cir. cum. 6 St. E.t 
Dense fog. 

9 cum. Light fog. 
9 st. W* 

4 ci. cu. 4 st. NNE.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 




01) 
01 
08 
13 

U8 


10 st. MW. t 
10 st. 
10 st. NE. * 
8 cum. st. 
10 st. WSW.t 


00 
00 

'oo 

00 


10 nim. K". t 
10 nim. 
10 St. 
10 cum. st. NW.1 
10 st. WSW. t 


.01 

00 
00 
00 


10 st. N. t 
10 st 
10 st. 
3 cir. 3 st. WW. t 
10 st. WSW. t 


00 
00 
00 


10 niin. N. t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
2 cir. 5 st. WNW. t 
10 st. WSW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


lOnitu. N. t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
2 cir. 3 st. WiSl W.t 
10 st. WSW.t 


00 
00 
00 
00 


10 st. N.t 
10 st. 
10 st. 
10 st. W.* Lt. fog. 
10 st. W.t 


'oo 

00 
00 
00 




08 

04 

00 


Dense fog. 
10 st. SE. t 
10 nim. 
10 st. ESE. * 


00 

00 

.04 

00 


Dense fog. 
10 cum. st. SE. 1 
10 nim. 
10 st. ESE. t 


00 

00 
.10 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. SSE. t 
Dense fog. 
1 cir. 4 st. ESE. t 


.11 

00 

'oe 


10 nim. 
10 st. S. f 
Dense fog. 
10 nim. ESE. t 


.04 
00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. SSE.t 
Dense fog. 
1 cir. 8 st. ESE.* 


.13 

00 
00 


10 nim. 
10 st. SSE.t 
10 st. 
10 st. ESE.t 


.06 
00 
00 
00 




25 

08 
55 
08 


7.59 




7.25 




6.88 

] 


7.96 


7.07 


8.35 


1.45 



7 p.m. 


8 p. 


m. 


9 


p.m. 


10 i 


. m. 


lip 


m. 


12 p 


m. 


Daily 
means. 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10.00 


6 st. 


SE.* 


00 


8 st. 


ENE.* 


00 


1 cir. 6 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


8 St. 


ESE.* 


00 


7 St. 


E.* 


00 


6.91 


4 cir. cum. 4 st. 


E.t 


00 


3 cir. cum. 3 st. E.t 


00 


2 cir. cum 


6 st. E.t 


00 


1 cir. cum. 4 st. E.t 


00 


9 st. 


E.* 


00 


9 St. 


E.t 


00 


7.08 


10 St. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.* 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 00 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


00 


10 St. 


ENE.t 


00 


5.75 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 St. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


lOst. 


NE.t 


00 


9 St. 


NE.t 


00 


8.70 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 st. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 


E.t 


00 


10 St. 


ESE.t 


00 


6.16 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


3 cir. cum 


5 st. E.t 


00 


5 cir. cum. 2 


st 


0) 


2 cir. cum. 6 st. E.t 


00 


2 cir. cum. 4 st. 


00 


8.91 


5 cir. cum. 3 st 





00 


5 cir. cum. 1 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum 


3 st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 2 


cum. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 2 


st. 


00 


1 cir. cum. 2 st. 


00 


6.54 


4 cir. 2 st. 





00 


2 cir. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


1 St. 


1 00 


1st. 





00 


1 St. 





00 


5.04 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 


1 00 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


4.00 


4 cir. st. 2 st. 





00 


5 cir. st. 3 st 





00 


10 St. 


ENE.t 00 


10 nim. 


ENE.t.— 


9 nim. 


E.t 


, 


10 nim. 





.02 


4.08 


Dense fog. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


8.29 


Dense fog. 





00 


8 st. 





00 


6 st. 


NNE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


5 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


NNE.t 


00 


8.08 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


8.29 


10 st. 





00 


9 st. 





00 


1 ci.cu.4cu. L.fog. 


00 


1 ci.ca.4cu. 


L.fog. 


00 


4 cum. 4 st. 


S.t 


00 


1 cum. 8 st. 





00 


5.33 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 nim. 





.06 


10 st. 





. — 


10 nim. 





. — 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


8.70 


6 st. 


S.* 


00 


3st. 


s.* 


0J 


3 cum. 





00 


2 cum. 3 st. 


s.t 


00 


2-euin. 2 st. 


SE.t 


00 


5 st. 


SE.t 


00 


7.37 


10 nim. 





■ — 


10 nim. 





■— 


9 st. 


N.t 


■ — 


9 st. 


N.t 


00 


9 st. 


N.* 


00 


9 St. 


N.* 


00 


8.87 


8 st. 





00 


Dense fog. 





00 


7 st. 





00 


7 st. 


N.t 


00 


7 st. 


NE.t 


00 


9 st. 


SE.t 


00 


8.87 


10 nim. 


E.* 


.01 


10 nim. 


E.* 


. — 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.02 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.01 


9.01 


10 st. 





00 


10 St. 





00 


9 St. 


NNE.* 


00 


9 st. 


NNE.* 


00 


9 st. 


N.t 


00 


8 st. 


NNE.t 


00 


9.79 


10 st. 





00 


10 st. 


WSW.t 


00 


10 St. 


WSW.t 


00 


lOst. 


WSW.t 


00 


10 st. 


WSW.t 


00 


10 St. 


WSW.t 


00 


9.29 


6 ci. cu. 3 st. 


sw.* 


00 


6 ci. cu. 3 st. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.* 


00 


•9£t. 


sw.t 


00 


10 St. 


sw.t 


00 


10 st. 


sw.t 


00 


9.70 


10 st. 


NE.t 


00 


10 st. 


NE.* 


00 


10 st. 


N.t 


00 


9 st. 


N.t 


00 


9 St. 


N.t 


00 


8 st. 


NNE.t 


00 


6.50 


8 st. 


SSE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SSE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SSE.t 


00 


10 st. 





00 


10 nim. 





.01 


10 nim. 





.07 


9.33 


9 st. 


.NW.t 


00 


9 st. 


.NJNW.t 


00 


10 nim. 





. 


10 st. 


NNW.t 


. 


10 st. 


NNW.* 


00 


10 nim. 


N.t 


. — 


8.79 


1 cir. cum. 7 st. 


SE.t 


00 


9 st. 


SE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


Dense fog. 





00 


10 St. 


SE.t 


00 


10 st. 


SE.t 


00 


9.20 


7.11 




7.66 




8.03 




7.32 




7.35 




8.18 




7.74 



332 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



Precipitation — Lain/all or melted snow, in inches. 



Month. 



January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 

Whole period 



1881. 



(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

<*> 

(*) 

0.73 

0.44 



1.17 



1882. 



1883. 



0.44 
0.04 
0.51 
0.39 
0.44 
O.fil 
1.39 
1.46 
1.10 
1.05 
0.34 
0.24 



8.01 



0.14 

1.02 

0.14 

0.55 

0.31 

0.30 

1.04 

1.66 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

(*) 



5.16 



* Not measured. 



SOLAR RADIATION. 



Observations on solar radiation were made with a pair of maximum thermometers, one black and 
one bright bulbed, in vacuo, exposed horizontally on a post 4 feet high on the knoll southwest of 
the station. They were mounted side by side in a movable frame so that they could be brought 
into the house in stormy weather. These thermometers were exposed for a short time on Novem- 
ber 13 and 14, 1882, just before the departure of the sun, but the latter was too near the horizon to 
produce any sensible effect. Lin the return of the suu, January 29, 1883, they were exposed every 
day not stormy from sunrise to sunset, the indices being set and read at sunrise and read again 
at sunset, till February 19, and about midnight, Washington time, until May 14th, when, the sun 
being continually above the horizon, they were set at local midnight and read at Washington mid- 
night. This was continued till the closing of the station. 

Statement shounng the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883. 



[A pair of maximum thermometers, one black and one bright bulbed, exposed for solar radiation. Washington time. Correction to reduce 

to mean local time, — 5 h . 17 ">. ] 



Date. 



Time of 
observation. 



1883. 
Feb. 1. 
Feb. 2. 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 4 
Feb. 5. 



Feb. 6. 
Feb. 7 
Feb. 8. 
Feb. 9. 
Feb. 10. 

Feb. 11. 
Feb. 12. 
Feb. 13. 
Feb. 14. 
Feb. 15. 

Feb. 16. 
Feb. 17 
Feb. 18. 
Feb. 19 
Feb. 20. 

Feb. 21 
Feb. 22 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 24 
Feb. 25 

Feb. 26 
Feb. 27. 
Feb. 28. 



3 00 p.m. 
3.00 p.m. 

C) 
3.00 p. m 

(*) 

2.30 p.m. 
5.45 p. m. 
3.U0p. m. 
3.00 p.m. 
3.50 p.m. 

2.30 p.m. 

(*) 
2.00 p. m 
2.45 p.m. 
3.00 p.m. 

1 45 p. m 

2 00 p. m 
1.15 p.m. 
1.15 p. m. 
1.15 p. m. 

1.20 p.m. 

1.15 p. m. 
12.50 p.m 
12.25 p.m. 
12.30 p.m. 

12,25 p. m 
12.20 p. m. 
12.20 p. m 



Black 
bulb. 



Bright Differ- 
bulb. I ence. 



Time. 



- 5. 2 ! — 6. 2 
(*) (*) 

6.0 I 5.8 
(*) (*) 



0.2 
31.2 

1.0 

32.6 

' —11. 

—10.4 
(*) 

— 4.0 

— 4.6 

— 7.6 

— 11.0 

| — 2.2 

3.5 

: — 1.0 

—17. 

-13. 1 
—25.3 

24. 2 

—28.6 
— 2G.2 



-36.8 
-23. 8 
-3.2 



— 0.4 
29.0 

0.0 

32.4 

—16.0 

—15.0 
(*) 

—13.2 
—10. 8 
—13. 7 

—26. 

1 — 9.2 

3.0 

— 1.6 
—17.5 

—13.6 
—27.9 
—26.3 
—34. 5 
—28.8 

—40.0 
—25. 2 

— 3.5 



0.0 
1.0 
(*) 
0.2 

<*> 

0.6 
2.2 
1.0 
0.2 
5.0 

4.6 
(*) 
9.2 
6.2 
6.1 

15.0 

7.0 
0.5 
0.6 

0.5 

0.5 
2.6 
2.1 
5.9 
2.6 

3.2 
1.4 
0.3 



8.00 p.m 
7.30 p.m 

(*) 
8.30 p.m 

(*) 

10.00 p.m 
7.00 p.m 
8.00 p.m 
6.00 p. m 
8.15 p. m 

9.00 p. m 

(*) 

10.00 p.m 

10.00 p.m 

10.15 p. m 

9.10 p.m 

9.00 p.m 

11.00 p.m 

11.00 p.m 

12 m 

12m 

12 m 

12 m 

12m 

12 m 

12m 

12m 

12 m 



Black 
bulb. 



13.8 
5.2 
(*) 

14.2 
(*) 

20.5 
47.8 

6.2 
60.0 

1.4 

25.6 

<*> 

19.7 

31.7 

17.8 

11.4 

48.5 

17.0 

21.8 

7.8 

-1.2 

41.6 

3.5 

39.8 

49.4 

40.8 
42.0 
49.6 



Bright Differ- 
bulb. ence. 



-2.5 
2.2 
(*) 

11.0 
(*) 

4.0 
30.4 

4.5 

45.0 

-10.8 

0.0 

n 

-3.4 
0.8 

-1.7 

-6.0 

9.6 

11.7 

10.4 

-6.0 

-6.0 
7.5 

-11.5 
0.3 

7.4 

-2.4 
3.0 
21.4 



16.3 
3.0 

<*) 
3.2 

C) 

16.5 
17.4 
1.7 
15.0 
12.2 

25.6 

<*) 

23.1 

30.9 

19.5 

17.4 
38.9 
5.3 
11.4 
13.8 

4.8 
34.1 

8.0 
39.5 
42.0 

43.2 

39.0 
28.2 



Weather. 



Clear. 
Fair. 

Light snow. 
Cloudy. 
Lightsnow. 

Fair. 
Fair. 

Light snow. 
Cloady. 
Fair. 

Clear. 

Light snow. 
Fair. 
Cloudv. 
Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Clear. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair. 

Cloudy and light snow, 

Clear.' 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Fair. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 



* Not exposed. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKBOW, ALASKA. 



333 



Statement showing the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



n„+<. Time of Black i Bright. ' Differ- I „. „ Black I Bright I Differ- 

JjaTe- | observation. | bulb i bulb. I once. I bulb. bull). I once. 



1883. 
Mar. 1 
Mar. 2 
Mar. 8 
Mar. 4 
Mar. 5 



Mar. 6 

Mar. 7. 

Mar. 8. 

Msr. 9 

Mar. 10. 

Mar. 11. 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 13 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 15 

Mar. 16 

Mar. 17. 

Mar. 18 

Mar. 19 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 21 

Mar. 22. 

Mar. 23. 

Mar. 24. 

Mar. 25. 

Mar. 20 

Mar. 27. 

Mar. 28. 

Mar. 29. 

Mar. 30. 

Mar. 31. 



I 12. 10 p.m. 
! 12 in 

: 12 m . .. 

: 11. 15 a. m 
12. 10 i». n 

11. 50 a. in 
11. 50 a.m. 
11. 50 a. in. 
11. 20 a. m 

10 55 a. m 

11 55 a.m. 

10. 55 a. m 
11.15 a.m. 
11.20 a.m. 

J 11.25 a.m. 

11. 25 a. m. 
10. 48 a. m 
10.48 a. ni. 
10.48 a. in 
10.50 a.m. 

10. 48 a. m 
10. 48 a, m 

(t) 
10. 25 a. m 
10.25 a.m. 

10.25 a.m. 
10.25 a.m. 
10.25 a.m. 
10.25 a. m. 
10.25 a.m. 



—20. 5 
— 3.0 

—32. 
—35.0 
—29. 5 
—40.0 
-41.0 



—29. 1 

—37. 5 
-29. 5 
—20.5 
— 3.2 

—32.0 
—36.0 
—30.0 
'-50.0 
'—55. 



38. J —10. 

■21. 2 ! —22. 

I —29.0 I -30.0 

i —34. i —35. 6 

! —33. 5 I —34. 



—18. i —18. 5 
— 10. 5 —17. 
—21.0 —22.0 
—26 —26.8 
—25. 3 —26. 



-10.5 
-6.5 

(t) 
- 0.5 

18.3 



20.0 



14.8 
-3.5 



—17.0 

— 7.5 
(t) 

— 1.0 
18.0 

7.3 

20.0 

—10.0 

14.5 

— 4.0 



1.2 

0.0 
1.0 
0.2 
0.0 

0.0 
1.0 
0.5 
10.0 
14.0 

2.0 
0.8 
1.0 
1.0 
0.5 

0.5 
0.5 
1.0 
0.8 
0.7 

0.5 
1.0 
(t) 
0.5 
0.3 

0.5 

0.2 
0.3 
0.5 



12 m .. 
12 m .. 
12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m . . 

12 m .. 
12 m .. 
12 m .. 
12 m.. 
12m .. 

12 m .. 
12m .. 
12 m .. 
12m .. 
12m .. 

12 m .. 
12 m . . 
12 m .. 
12m .. 
12 m .. 

12 m .. 
12 m . . 

(t) 
12 m .. 
12m .. 

12 m .. 
12 m.. 
12m .. 
12m.. 
12 m .. 



55.0 
44.6 
49.8 
52.3 
49.7 

51.1 
42.2 
45.5 
50.0 
51.6 

56.2 
50.2 
63.3 
61.5 
55.8 



70.4 
53.2 
66.3 

33.8 

27.8 

(t) 

81.5 

101.7 

48.5 
67.1 
51.3 
107.0 
92.0 



Weather. 



12.0 
2.0 
8.0 
10.7 
13.0 



- 1.8 
1.3 ! 
4.0 ' 

7.4 

3.0 I 

19.3 I 

18.5 ! 

11.2 [ 

24.0 
19.4 
25.0 I 
12.8 
19.8 ' 

9.7 I 

8.8 ! 
(t) | 
35.2 
55.2 

33.2 
39.7 
23.4 
61.4 

41.3 ! 



43.6 
42.6 
41.8 
41 6 
36.7 

42.3 
35.4 
47.3 
48.7 
47.6 

48.8 
27.2 
44.0 
43.0 
44.6 



Clear. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Clondy. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Fair. 



45. 2 Clear. 

48.9 Clear. 

45.4 Clear. 

40.4 ' Clear. 

46. 5 Fair. 



25.1 

19.0 

(t) 

46.3 

46.5 

15.3 

27.4 
27.9 
45.0 
50.7 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Fair. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair. 



1883. 
Apr. 1 
Apr. 2 
Apr. 3 
Apr. 4 
Apr. 5 

Apr. 6 
Apr. 7 
Apr. 8 
Apr. 9 
Apr. 10 

Apr. 11 
Apr. 12 
Apr. 13 
Apr. 14 
Apr. 15 

Apr. 16 
Apr. 17 
Apr. 18 
Apr. 19 
Apr. 20 

Apr. 21 
Apr. 22 
Apr. 23 
Apr. 24 
Apr. 25 

Apr. 26 
Apr. 27 
Apr. 28 
Apr. 29 
Apr. 30 



10.15 a.m. 
9.55 a. m 
9.45 a.m. 
9 48a.m. 
9.48 a.m. 

9.50 a. m. 
9.48 a. m 
9.40 a.m. 
9.20 a. m. 
9.20 a m. 

9.25 a.m. 
9.25 a.m. 
9.25 a. m . 
9.25 a.m. 
9.17 a. m 

8.30 a.m. 
8.30 a. m 
8.30 a. m 
8.30 a.m. 
8.S0 a. m. 

8.30 a.m. 
8.30 a.m. 
8.30 a. m . 
8.30 a.m. 
8.30 a. m 

8.30 a. m 
8.30 a.m. 
7.42 a.m. 
7.42 a.m. 
7.42 a. m . 



18.0 


—18.5 


0.5 


-22.0 


—22.5 


0.5 


-24. 8 


—24.8 


0.0 


-25. 


—25.0 


0.0 


- 7.3 


— 7.8 


0.5 


- 8.0 


— 8.5 


0.5 


-14.7 


—15.0 


0.3 


-24.7 


—25.0 


0.3 


-17.0 


—18.0 


1.0 


- 6.0 


— 6.0 


0.0 


- 6.0 


— 6.0 


0.0 


- 6.0 


— 7.0 


1.0 


-10.0 


—10.5 


0.5 


- 6.0 


— 6.0 


0.0 


- 3.5 


— 4.0 


0.5 


-21.6 


—22.0 


0.4 


-25.8 


—26.0 


0.2 


-29.0 


—29.5 


0.5 


- 9.0 


— 9.5 


0.5 


4.2 


4.0 


0.2 


9.0 


8.8 


0.2 


- 3.0 


- 3.0 


0.0 


- 8.8 


— 9.0 


0.2 


0.5 


0.0 


0.5 


9.0 


9.0 


0.0 


9.2 


9.1 


0.1 


3.0 


2.8 


0.2 


7.0 


6.8 


0.2 


6.2 


6.0 


0.2 


4.0 


3.5 


0.5 



12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m . 

12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m . 

12 m. 
12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m . 

12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m . 

12 m 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 



78.4 


27.4 


51.0 1 


65.0 


25.1 


39.9 ; 


79.8 


31.4 


48.4 


71.7 


25.8 


45.9 


39.0 


15.8 


23.2 1 


52.0 


15.8 


36.2 I 


72.5 


23.5 


49.0 


70.8 


30.7 


40.1 


72.7 


28.2 


44.5 


83.4 


34.2 


49.2 


50.6 


19.5 


31.1 


44.0 


20.0 


24.0 


78.7 


36.0 


42.7 


73.8 


34.6 


39.2 


100.7 


50.4 


50.3 


83.3 


29.7 


53.6 


85.2 


35.2 


50.0 


41.8 


10.0 


31.8 


42.7 


19.7 


23.0 


67.6 


32.6 


35.0 


99.6 


41.8 


57.8 


92.7 


43.3 


49.4 


86.2 


41.1 


45.1 


67.0 


33.9 


33.1 


52.3 


28.8 


23.5 


78.0 


36.7 


41.3 


93.9 


45.7 


48.2 


109.0 


57.4 


51.4 


54.2 


30.0 


24.2 


94.4 


44.1 


50.3 



Clear. 
Clear. 
Clear. 
Clear. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Fair. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Light snow. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 



" Approximated. Mercury apparently frozen. 



t Disturbed by natives. 



334 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the solar radiation at Uglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



Date. 



Time of 
observation. 



Black 
bulb. 



Bright 
bulb. 



Differ- 
ence. 



Time. 



Black 
bulb. 



Bright Differ- 
bulb. ence. 



Weather. 



1883. 



May- 
May 
May 
May 
May 



May 6.. 
May 7.. 
Hay 8.. 
May 9.. 

May 10.. 

May 11.. 
May 12... 
May 13 . . . 
May 14 . . . 
May 15... 

May 16.. 
May 17... 
May 18... 
May 19. . 
May 20.. 

May 21... 

May 22... 
May 23 . . . 
May 24... 
May 25. . . 

May 26. . . 
May 27 . . . 
May 28... 
Mav 29 . . . 
May 30... 

May 31... 



7.20 a, m. . . 
7.20 a.m... 
7.20 a.m... 
7.20 a.m... 
6.45 a.m... 

«.45a. m... 
6.40 a.m... 
6.40 a.m... 
6.40 a.m... 
6.20 a.m... 

6.20 a.m.. - 
6.20 a.m.-. 
5.25 a. m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a.m... 

5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a. m... 
5.17 a. m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5 17 a. m.-. 

5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a. m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a. m... 

5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a. m... 
5.17 a.m... 
5.17 a. m .. 

5.17 a.m... 



-12.0 
-8.5 
-4.5 

-1.0 
10.0 

28.1 
14.8 
18.5 
22.0 
18.6 

25.0 
22.0 
23.5 
23.6 
22.6 

27.0 
27.0 
22.0 
12.2 
16.5 

20.0 
24.0 
24.0 
31.5 , 
32.4 

28.8 
29.8 
30.2 
44.2 
29.6 

31.2 



-12.2 
-8.5 
-4.5 
-1.0 
16.0 

28.0 
14.8 
18.4 
21.8 
18.5 

25.0 
22.0 
22.5 
23.5 
22.5 

27.0 
27.0 
22.0 
11.2 
16.0 

19.8 
23.8 
23.6 
31.0 
31.9 

28.0 
28.5 
28.0 
34.0 
29.2 

30.0 



0.2 
0.0 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 

0.1 
0.0 
0.1 
0.2 

0.1 

0.0 
0.0 
1.0 

0.1 
0.1 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.5 

0.2 
0.2 
0.4 
0.5 

0.5 

0.8 
1.3 
2.2 
10.2 
0.4 



1.2 



12 m 
12 m . 
12m . 
12 m . 
12m . 

12 m . 
12 m 

12 m . 
12 m . 
12 m 

12 m . 
12 m 
12 m . 

12 m . 
12 m 

12 m 

12 m. 
12 m 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m . 
12 m 
12 m. 
12 m . 

12 m. 
12 m'. 
12 m. 
12 m . 
12 m . 

12 m 



93.0 
96.6 

101.2 
99.7 

114.8 

100.9 
65.5 

115.1 
66.0 

109.2 

104.8 
102.7 

72.8 
120.4 

99.3 

70.7 

106.7 

62.3 

83.3 

109.5 



89.0 
78.0 
96.3 

109.2 
119.6 
87.3 
112.7 
105.0 

103.7 



44.0 
49.6 
48.5 
51.5 
71.2 

56.0 
39.8 

72.8 
44.8 
63.3 



63.0 


41.8 


62.7 


40.0 


44.1 


28.7 


73.6 


46.8 


56.6 


42.7 


47.9 


22.8 


62.0 


44.7 


39.9 


22.4 


49.7 


33.6 


69.6 


39.9 


35.6 


25.1 


58.7 


40.0 


56.8 


32.2 


55.4 


22.6 


61.7 


34.6 


68.7 


40.5 


85.0 


34.0 


57.4 


29.9 


71.8 


40.9 


69.9 


35.1 


63.8 


39.9 



49. Clear. 

47. Fair. 

52. 7 Clear. 

48. 2 Pair. 
43. 6 Cloudy. 

44. 9 Cloudy. 

25. 7 Cloudy & heavy snow. 

82. 3 Clear. 

21. 2 Cloudy. 

45. 9 Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy and. light snow. 

Heavy snow & cloudy. 

42. 7 | Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Clear. 

Cloady. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Fair and light snow. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 



1883 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 



June 6 
June 7 . 
June 8. 
June 9. 
June 10. 

Juno 11. 
June 12 
Juno 13. 
June 14 
June 15. 

June 16. 
June 17. 
June 18. 
June 19. 
June 20. 

June 21. 
June 22. 
June 23. 
June 24. 
June 25. 

June 26 
June 27. 
June 28. 
June 29. 
June 30. 



5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a m. 
5 17 a. m . 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m . 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 



31.2 


| 
30.0 


30.0 


29.2 


27.0 


26.5 


20.2 


19.9 


24.8 


24.5 


49.5 


37.0 


45.0 


36.2 


30.2 


29.0 


30.2 


28.0 


48.4 


33.8 


27.5 


26.2 


30.0 


29.5 


32.6 


32.0 


32.5 


31.8 


31.5 


31.0 


32.8 


30.6 


29.8 


26.5 


30.4 


29.5 


31.6 


30.0 


29.6 


28.0 


30.2 


29.4 


28.8 


27.2 


31.4 


30.6 


34.2 


33.8 


36.0 


33.0 


50.2 


40.5 


34.5 


33.8 


35.8 


35.2 


64.2 


49.0 


40.8 

I 


39.6 



1.2 
0.8 
0.5 
0.3 

0.3 

12.5 

8.8 
1.2 
2.2 
14.6 

1.3 
0.5 
0.6 

0.7 
0.5 

2.2 
3.3 
0.9 
1.6 
1.6 



12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m 
12 m. 
12 m 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 



0.8 12 m. 
1.6 12 m. 
0.8 12 m. 



0.4 
3.0 

9.7 
0.7 
0.6 
15.2 
1.2 



12 m. 

12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 



103.7 


63.8 


39.9 


73.3 


50.8 


22.5 


87.0 


49.7 


37.3 


93.6 


59.3 


34.3 


79.4 


47.7 


31.7 


112.9 


76.6 


36.3 


90.3 


61.3 


29.0 


95.0 


60.0 


35.0 


112.3 


69.9 


42.4 


110.6 


73.6 


37.0 


109.8 


72.8 


37.0 


103.4 


69.0 


34.4 


109.7 


70.2 


39.5 


70.9 


49.5 


21.4 


73.5 


50.4 


23.1 


114.2 


73.7 


40.5 


109.2 


71.5 


37.7 


97.3 


64.0 


33.3 


107.2 


71.3 


35.9 


112.5 


77.3 


35.2 


i 108. 


73.0 


35.0 


64.7 


46 7 


18.0 


67.6 


48.7 


18.9 


' 108. 2 


70.5 


37.7 


; 107. 1 


68.6 


38.5 


59.7 


40.5 


19.2 


85.3 


58.0 


27.3 


119. 7 


86.2 


33.5 


; 118.7 


84.7 


34.0 


112.3 


69.2 


43.1 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Foggy. 

Clear. 

Foggy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Clear." 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudv. 

Foggy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



;;35 



Statement shoiving the solar radiation at TJglaamie from February, 1883, to August, 1883 — Continued. 



Date. 



1883. 



July 
July 
July 

July 4 

July 5 

July 6 

July 7 

July 8 

July 9 
July 10 



Julv 11 
July 12 . 
July 13 
July 14 . 
July 15 . 

July 16 . 
July 17 . 
July 18 . 
July 19 
July 20 . 

Julv 21 . 
July 22 . 
July 23 . 
July 24 . 
July 25 . 

July 26 . 
July 27 . 
July 28 . 
July 29 . 
July 30 . 

July 31 . 



Time of 
observation. 



5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. ru. 
5 17 a. m 
5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
i 5. 17 a. m 
j 5.17 a. m. 
! 5.17 a. m 

5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. in. 
5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. ni. 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. m. 
5.17 a. m 
5.17 a. m. 
5 17 a. in 
5.17 a. m. 

5.17 a. in. 
5,17 a. in. 
5.17 a. m. 
5 17 a. to . 
5.17 a. m 

5.17 a. m. 



Black 
bulb. 



33.5 
34.5 
35. 8 
36.5 
33.6 

34.5 
38.8 
47.5 
57.2 
30.8 

56.0 
31.5 
34.0 
37.2 
35.7 

33.5 
29.6 
55 5 
57.0 
35.8 

32.8 
31.2 
30.4 
30.4 
50.0 

31.5 
41.5 
34.0 
30.5 
29.8 

29.6 



Bright 
bulb. 



33.0 
34.0 
35.0 
35.8 
33.0 

33.5 
38.0 
46.8 
44.0 
29.8 

44.2 
34.0 
33.5 
33.3 
34.7 

33.0 

28.5' 
42.0 
43.8 
35.5 

32.0 
31.0 
29.8 
30.0 
42.8 

31.0 
36.0 
33.6 
30.2 
29.6 

29.0 



Differ- 
ence. 



0.5 
0.5 
0.8 
0.7 
0.6 

1.0 
0.8 
0.7 
13.2 
1.0 

11.8 
0.5 
0.5 
3.9 
1.0 

0.5 

1.1 

13.5 

13.2 

0.3 

8 
0.2 
0.6 
0.4 

7.2 

0.5 
5.5 
0.4 
0.3 

0.2 

0.6 



Time. 



12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 in. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m 
12 ra. 
12 in. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 

12 in. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 in. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
32 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 

12 TO. 

12 m. 
12 m. 

12 m. 
12 m. 



Black 
bulb. 



63.4 
51.4 
108.8 
99.0 
96.8 

104.3 
78.0 
102.5 
112.4 
105.7 

109.1 
56.5 
91.3 

114.1 
66.5 

59.0 
110.5 
118.6 
118.2 

94.3 

64.0 

100.5 
110.8 
110.0 
112. 5 

109.8 
111.0 
109.3 
79.0 
108.4 

112.1 



Bright ' Differ- 
bulb. ence. 



48.3 
42.7 
73.8 
67 3 
65.6 

73.0 
60.2 
66.5 
74.0 
71.6 

74.2 
45.3 
60.2 
79.5 
50.7 

47.2 
75.4 
90.0 
80.8 
63.0 

48.5 
66.4 
78.7 
75.7 
81.4 

75.0 

74.4 
72.3 
54.0 
68.6 



15.1 
8.7 
35.0 
31.7 
31.2 

31.3 
17.8 
36.0 
38.4 
31.1 

34.9 
11.2 
31.1 
34.6 

15.8 

11.8 
35.1 
28.6 
37.4 
31.3 

15.5 
34.1 
32.1 
35.3 
31.1 

34.8 
36.6 
37.0 
25.0 
39.8 



Weather. 



72.2 I 39. 



Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light rain. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light rain. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light rain. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Cloudy. 

Foggy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Fair and light snow. 

Cloudy. 



1883. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 2 
Aug. 3 
Aug. 4 
Aug. 5 

Aug. 6 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 8. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 10. 

Aug. 11 
Aug. 12. 
Aug. 13. 
Aug. 14. 
Aug. 15. 

Aug. 16. 
Aug. 17. 
Aug. 18. 
Aug. 19. 
Aug. 20. 

Aug. 21. 

Aug. 22. 
Aug. 23 
Aug. 24. 
Aug. 25. 

Aug. 26. 
Aug. 27. 



5.20 a. m . 

5.30 a. m. 

5.30 a. ni. 

5.30 a. m. 

5.30 a. m. 

5.30 a. m. 
5.30 a. in . 
5.30 a. ,ir . 
5.30 a. m. 
5.30 a. m 

6.30 a. m. 
6.30 a. m. 
6.30 a. m. 
6.30 a. m. 
6.30 a. m. 

6.45 a. m. 
6.50 a. m. 
6.50 a. m. 
6.50 a. ni . 
6.50 a. m. 

6.50 a. m. 
6.50 a. m. 
6.50 a. ni. 
6.50 a. m. 
7.25 a. m. 

7.10 a. m. 
7.20 a. m. 



33.2 


33.2 


0.0 


33.5 


33.2 


0.3 


34.5 


34.2 


0.3 


35.2 


35.0 


0.2 


33.0 


32.8 


2 


33.8 


33.7 


0.1 


33.2 


33.0 


0.2 


44.0 


44.0 


0.0 


43.0 


43.0 


0.0 


37.6 


37.6 


0.0 


40.7 


40.6. 


0.1 


43.8 


43.6 


0.2 


40.4 


40.4 


0.0 


33.7 


33.7 


0.0 


33.5 


33.4 


0.1 


42.5 


42.3 


0.2 


36.2 


36.0 


0.2 


38.0 


37.8 


0.2 


28.1 


27.9 


0.2 


29.8 


29.7 


0.1 


27.0 


27.0 


0.0 j 


24.1 


24.1 


0.0 


34.8 


34.7 


0.1 


39.1 


39.0 


0.1 


26.9 


26.8 


0.1 


39.9 


39.8 


0.1 


28.2 


28.2 


0.0 



73.5 


52.7 


20.8 


108.0 


72.3 


35.7 


96.0 


65.9 


30.1 


57.7 


45.1 


12.0 


64.4 


49.0 


15.4 


67.4 


49.5 


17.9 


89.8 


6fi. 

84.3 


24.8 


116.2 


31.9 


130.4 


94.8 


35.6 


98.8 


71.5 


27.3 


119.0 


84.3 


34.7 


111.0 


81.6 


29.4 


98.2 


63.9 


34.3 


64.6 


49.4 


15.2 


100.0 


73.0 


27.0 


65.8 


48.8 


17.0 


113.0 


78.5 


35.5 


87.2 


56.5 


30.7 


97.0 


62.1 


34.9 


41.0 


35.0 


6.0 


62.9 


44 2 


18.7 


77.5 


53.2 


24.3 


95.4 


67.0 


28.4 


71.6 


48.4 


23.2 


61.8 


45.0 


16.8 


91.8 


60.0 


31.8 


67.6 


47.4 


20.2 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Foggy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Foggy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light rain. 

Fair. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy and light snow. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 



TERRESTRIAL RADIATION. 



A minimum thermometer was exposed for terrestrial radiation from November 16, 1882, to the 
closing, of the station, and read every day at Washington midnight. It was laid upon a board 
securely fixed upon the surface of the ground, and a box was provided with which it could be 
covered during snow storms, to prevent injury to the thermometer in digging it out of a snow- 
drift. Snow storms or drift of snow of course prevented observations with this thermometer. 

On January 14, 1883, the Yale special minimum thermometer, No. 7 (carbon disulphide), was 
exposed beside this in its case, but was destroyed on January 25th by the Eskimo dogs, which 
gnawed off the end containing the bulb, attracted probably by the varnish on the case. 



336 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the terrestrial radiation at Uglaamie from November, 1882, to March, 18S3. 



[Washington time. Correction to reduce to mean local time, — 5 b 17 m . Special minimum, CS2, No. 7, exposed for terrestrial radiation January 
14, 1883 ; destroyed by Eskimo dogs January 25, 1883. Terrestrial minimum and air minimum read at 12 midnight, Washington time.J 



Day of 
month. 


November, 1882. 


December, 1882. 


January, 1883. 


February, 1883. 


March, 1883. 


Terres- ,;„ 
trial. Air - 


Terres- . • 
tiial. j Alr ' 


Toires- .. 
trial. Au - 


Terres- . . 
trial. A "" 


Terres- .. 
trial. AlK 


1 




—22.2 
—25. 2 
—29. C 
—30. 
—30.9 

1 —28.5 

—34.8 

j —38.0 

! —35.8 
1 —34. 5 

—37.8 
1 —39.5 

—32.1 
—34.2 
—36.0 

—36.5 
—31.8 

(*) 
—43.5 
—38. 5 

—44.0 

! —44. 9 
—50.8 
—55. 2 
—53.8 

—33. 5 

—48.2 

i —43.8 

-49. 8 

—51. 2 

<*) 


—12.7 
—15.4 
— 16.3 
-16.4 
—19.0 

—16.2 
—26.8 
—26.6 
—25.5 
—25.0 

—20.3 
—28.0 
—26.2 
—26.4 
—29. 2 

—30.5 
—25.1 
—29.5 
—29.2 
—25.2 

—26.3 
—31.8 
—32.2 
—39.0 
—36.7 

—22.0 
—23.3 
—23.1 
—32.7 
—42.0 
—26.2 


(*) 

(*) 

, —10. G 

—11. 6 

—15. 2 

—26.2 

—28. 
i —22. 2 
! —35.7 

—36. 8 

—33. 8 
—39. 4 

! —39.4 
(*) 

1 —40.8 

—40.4 

(*> 
—17. 2 
—32.4 
—31.7 

—31.7 

(*) 

<*) 

—20.4 

—28.2 

—36.2 
—36.7 
—37.4 
—40.5 
-43.5 
-37.4 


—18.2 

— 9.3 

— 8.2 
—10.2 
—15.3 

—20.7 
—22. 
-21.2 
—25.2 
—24. 2 

—30.3 
—38.8 


—22.6 —15.1 

—16.4 ! —12.3 

— 5. 8 i — 1. 9 

(*) 5. 

3. 6 


—33.2 
—42. 2 
—28.4 
—27. 


—37. 2 ! 
—45.2 
-32.2 
98 a 


2 




3 




4 




5 


' 


— 21. 7 — 93 9. 


6 •.. 




—11.0 

1-7.2 
(*) 
(*) 

n 

—25.2 

—21.4 


— 9.9 

— 8.2 

— 4.8 

— 5.2 
—21.8 

—20.6 
—19.2 
—13.8 
—17.7 
—17.9 

—22.6 
—15.6 
—14.9 
0.8 
—17.1 

—17.4 

—25.2 
—25.1 
—27.5 
—27.4 

—34.3 

—25.0 
—18.6 


—34.8 
—36.8 
—39.2 
—47.4 
—47.8 

-41.6 

—27.4 
—33.6 
-38.4 
—35.4 

—24.4 
—23.4 
—28.4 
—29.7 
—30.8 

—21.8 

— 6.0 
—15.0 
—15.7 

8.6 

— 0.4 
8.3 

— 8.6 
11.8 

— 4.0 

— 4.0 


—36.7 
—38.3 
—43.8 
—51.4 
—46.7 

—43.4 
—30.1 
—32.7 
—34.7 
—39.7 

—26.0 
—21. 1 
—27.7 
—27. 8 
—32.2 

—24.1 

— 9.3 
—15.9 

— 8.0 
9.6 

0.7 

4.0 

—10.8 

12.2 

— 3.2 

— 3.2 


7 




8 


1 


9 




10 




11 


1 


12 





13 




—39.2 l! —15.2 
—36. 2 —25. 


14 




15 






—41.8 

—40.6 

— 8.7 
—18.7 
—26.5 
—30.0 

—22.0 
—13.2 

— 4.3 
—19.3 

—28.4 

—31.2 
—36.0 
—36.2 
—32.9 
—38.7 
—35.2 


—27.2 

—27.4 
—17.2 
—16.4 
— 2.8 
—18.4 

—20.8 
—31.6 
—33.2 
—64.2 
—40.0 

—44.0 
—31.4 
—16.8 


16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 .. 


—25.0 

(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
(*> 

(*) 
(*) 
(*) 
—32.0 
(*) 

—33.0 
—34.0 
—25.5 
—21.6 
—21.4 


—24.0 
-16.5 
—14.5 
—14.2 
—12.0 

— 9.5 

— 4.8 
—18.4 
—21. 5 
—16.6 

—24.1 
—16.6 
—18.2 
—14.8 
—12.8 



















1 

Day of 


April 


1883. 


May, 


1883. 


June, 1883. 


July, 


1883. 

■ 


August, 1883. 






















month. 


Terres- 
trial. 


Air. 


Terres- 
trial. 


Air. 


Terres- 
trial. 


Air. 


Terres- 
trial. 


Air. 


Terres- 
trial. 


Air. 


1 


—22.0 


—21.9 


—13.2 


—14.0 


24.3 


27.9 


31.0 


31.4 


30.6 


32.0 


2 


—31.0 


—24.8 


—10.7 


—10. 8 


(*) 


24.5 


32.0 


31.9 


30.0 


32.0 


3 


—34.0 


—23.0 


— 6.5 


— 6.5 


18.0 


20.9 


34.0 


33.4 


30.5 


32.5 


4 


—33.0 


—26.7 


— 2.0 


— 2.2 


14.2 


18.2 


34.0 


33.8 


32.0 


33.4 


5 


—11.4 


—14.3 


9.8 


13.5 


16.2 


22.7 


31.5 


32.0 


30.0 


33.3 


6 


—13.0 


—11.3 


19.1 


15.0 


(*) 


28.2 


32.2 


32.0 


31.4 


32.1 


7 


—27.0 


—23.0 


16.2 


12.4 


(*) 


26.2 


36.2 


35.8 


30.6 


32.0 


8 


—29.5 


—29.0 


15.5 


12.9 


(*) 


27.0 


33.0 


32.9 


36.5 


38.8 


9 


—22.0 


—20.4 


22.2 


19.2 


(*) 


24.2 


27.2 


30.7 


37.2 


40.5 


10 


(t) 


— 9.9 


21.8 


17.5 


18.7 


25.7 


28.5 


28.3 


33.2 


36.5 


11 


— 8.0 


— 9.0 


24.5 


22.2 


18.3 


24.7 


32.3 


33.7 


33.5 


36.2 


12 


—16.0 


—13.6 


22.6 


13.3 


23.9 


27.5 


32.8 


32.5 


37.8 


37.7 


13 


—14.2 


—10.6 


23.8 


18.6 


26.5 


30.8 


34.6 


32. 5 


33.8 


33.4 


14 


—12.8 


—10.9 


27.3 


21.8 


26.6 


30.5 


19.0 


30.4 


28.0 


31.2 


15 


— 9.5 


— 9.7 


24.7 


18.5 


24.5 


29.8 


33.5 


32.3 


25.5 


31.0 


16 


—26.2 


—27.7 


30.4 


24.7 


23.7 


28.3 


32.0 


31.9 


34.0 


35.5 


17 


—34.0 


—28.9 


28.5 


22.4 


18.5 


23.6 


25.2 


28.0 


30.0 


31.8 


18 


—35.2 


—35.0 


25.5 


19.5 


23.5 


27.3 


29.0 


34.2 


29 


30.3 


19 


— 9.8 


—11.8 


11.0 


7.6 


24.0 


26.5 


30.6 


34.8 


19.0 


26.2 


20 


1.0 


2.8 


13.0 


11.5 


20.7 


25.6 


33.5 


34.0 


24.0 


27.2 


21 


6.0 


— 3.4 


17.8 


11.5 


22.0 


25.7 


30.5 


31.0 


23.5 


24.0 


22 


— 3.5 


— 5.5 


25.5 


19.2 


21.5 


25.4 


28.0 


29 4 


19.8 


22.4 


23 


—12. 


-10.1 


30.0 


22.8 


(*) 


26.0 


U) 


27.4 


30.8 


32.6 


24 


0.0 


-2.5 


25.0 


18.9 


(*) 


30.1 


27.5 


27.7 


25.8 


26.8 


25 


7.0 


6.6 


33.8 


28.7 


(*) 


30.0 


25.2 


30.8 


20.2 


25.2 


26 


4.0 


3.0 


(") 


28.6 


31.2 


32.0 


27.5 


29.8 


27.2 


28.5 


27 


1.0 


2. 3 


19.7 


23.7 


32.1 


32.5 


28.7 


32.3 


21.0 


27.2 


28 


4 


3 9 


28. 5 


24.5 


33 7 


33.2 


30.0 


31.8 






29 


d) 


5.0 


21.4 


26.2 


35.1 


35.5 


27.0 


27.9 







30 


({) 


8 


23 2 


28.3 


32.5 


34.6 


26.5 


27.3 






31. . 




22.7 


27.0 






25.6 


27.7 






1 









* Column broken. 



t Not exposed ; drifting snow. 



t Thermometer disturbed. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT HARROW, ALASKA. 



337 



SEA-ICE TEMPERATURE. 

On November 13, 1882, a wooden box, about G inches square on the bottom, with a sliding 
cover, was placed in an excavation about 4 inches deep made in the sea-iec about 50 yards 
from the shore. In this a spirit thermometer (No. 084) was set upright, and the bottom of the 
box tilled with sea-water, which immediately froze, so as to inclose the bulb of the thermometer 
in ice. 

A break in tbe ice near the shore occurred on the night of N< .ember 20, and the ice moved 
away, carrying the thermometer with it. Spirit thermometer No. 713 was exposed in a similar box 
on December 19, 1882, and was kept in place till June 0, 1883, when the ice was beginning to melt 
on the surface. These thermometers were read every day about local noon. 

The ice formed to the depth of 5-^ feet, and while the temperature of the water immediately 
beneath it continued practically constant at about 29° P., the ice showed considerable variation. 
When the temperature of the air was low, the temperature of the ice was, as a rule, higher than 
that of the air. The reverse was true, as a rule, when the weather grew warmer. 

TEMPERATURE OF THE SEA. 

From November 11, 1881, till May 7. 18S3, the temperature of the sea-water was observed once 
a day, from 12 m. to 2 p. m., local time, and hourly from May 7 to the end of the voyage home. 
It was taken at the surface and bottom in 17 feet of water, about 100 yards from the shore, through 
a hole in the ice in the winter, and by rowing out in a small boat when the water was open. The 
surface temperature only was taken from the vessel. 

The temperature of the water in the various fresh and brackish lagoons was taken from time 
to time during the winter, and although ice was formed upwards of G-J feet thick, leaving scarcely 
any water underneath it, unfrozen mud was found at the bottom. 



Statement showing the sea-ice temperature at TJglaamie from November, 1882, to June, 1SS3. 

[Observations taken at noon, local tiuit ; -(rater temperature taien on bottom, 17 feet deep, one-eighth mile from shore.] 



Day of 




November, 1882. 




December, 18S2. 


January, 1883. 


February, 1883. 


month. 


Ico. 


Air. 


Diff. 


Water. 


Ice. 


Air. 


Diff. 


Water. 


Ice. 


Air. 


Diff. 


Water. 


Ice. 


Air. 


Diff. 


|Water. 

! 


1 


















— 4.5 

— 0.4 
1.1 
1.1 

— 1.2 

— 3. 5 

— 3.0 

— 1.7 

— 4.5 

— 3.5 

— 7.7 

— 9.1 
—11.0 
—11.6 
-13.4 

— 3. 5 
1.1 

2. 2 

— 7^2 

— 6.8 

— 4. 5 

— 0.8 
3.8 

— 0.9 

— 3.0 

— 6.3 

— 9.1 

— 9.1 
—10.1 
—12.9 

— 8.2 


-10.2 

— 3.4 

— 4.7 

— 4.4 

— 7.8 

—35.6 
—17.7 
—12.0 
—20.5 
—15.7 

—24.5 
—29.5 
—30.4 
—28.1 
—34.7 

— 5.3 

— 0.8 
—12.8 
—19. 6 
—19.4 

—31.2 

— 4.3 
3. 2 

—13.1 
23. 2 

93.2 

— 30! 3 
—29.8 
—24.5 
—32.0 
—15.2 


5.7 
3.0 
5.8 
5.5 
6.6 

12.3. 
14.7 
30.3 
16.0 
12.2 

10.8 

20.4 
19.4 
36.5 
21.3 

' 3.8 

0.2 

10.6 

12.4 

32. C 

6.7 

3.5 

0.6 

12.2 

20.2 

16.9 
21.2 
20.7 
34.4 
19.1 
7.0 


29.5 
29.4 
29.5 
29.5 
29.3 

29.3 
29.4 
29.3 
29.5 
29.4 

29.2 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.3 
29.4 
29.0 
29.2 
29.2 

29.0 
29.2 
29. 3 
29.2 
29.2 

29.4 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 


— 3.5 

— 0.8 
5.7 
6.7 

31.9 

8.5 
11.4 

6.7 
(*) 

2.9 

— 1.7 
3.8 
2.0 
3.1 
1.1 

3.8 
1.1 

5.7 
7.6 
2.0 

2.9 

— 1.7 

— 2.6 

— 0.3 

— 0.3 

— 8.2 

— 5.4 
0.1 


-10.4 

— 4.2 
0.2 
6.4 

16.0 

— 4.2 
39.0 

3.2 
37.2 
36.9 

33.4 
1.2 

— 8.2 
—10.4 
—11.0 

—15.0 

—10.4 

3.7 

6.9 

—12.3 

— 7.8 
—19.7 
—15. 2 
-21.6 
—18.7 

—25.7 
—15. 2 

— 2.4 


6.9 
3.4 

0.5 
0.3 

4.7 

12.7 
7.6 
3.5 

14.0 

15.1 
5.0 
10.2 
11.5 
1,1 

38.8 

11.5 

2.0 

0.7 

14.3 

30.7 
18.0 
32.6 
10.3 
12.4 

17.5 
9.8 
2,5 


' 29 2 


2... 










:::::::::: 






29,1 




















29 4 


4 


















' 3 9 3 


















''9.5 


6 
















29.2 


7 














....'. 


29.4 


S... 


















29.2 


9 



















29. 


10 


















11 


















29.2 


12 


















29.2 


13 


-25. 
-17.0 
-14.0 

-10. 

1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
0.0 

(1) 


-23.8 
-29.0 
-19.6 

-17.8 

- 7.9 

- 9.8 

- 9.5 

- 3.2 


1.2 

12.1 

5.0 

7.8 
10.9 

n.8 

32.5 
9.2 


29.0 
^9.1 










29.2 


14.. 










29.2 


15 


28.0 

29.0 

29.0 
29.0 

29.1 











29,1 


10 











29.2 


17 










29.1 


18 










29.2 


19 

20 

2] 


-6.2 

- 0.3 

-.0.4 

- 0.6 

- 3.1 

- 0.3 

- 7.7 
—10.1 

- 7.2 

- 7.7 
-li.O 

- 8.2 


-18.7 

-38.2 
-24.9 
-23.1 
-30.5 
-18.8 

-14.3 
-10.8 
-11.7 
-22. 9 
-25. 5 
-12.6 


IS. 5 

17.9 
24.5 
22.5 
29.4 
18.5 

6.6 

0.7 

0.5 

35.2 

34.5 

4.4 


29.5 

29.6 
29. 

29.5 
29. 4 
29.3 

29.4 
29.3 
29.2 
29.6 
29.5 
29.5 


29.1 
29.1 

29.1 


22 








29.1 












29.1 


24 










29.1 


25 










29.1 


20 










29.1 


27 










29.1 


28 




| 




29.1 


29 




1 






30 


















31 































1 



* Impracticable. 

f Ir.e thermomoter carried off by the ice moving from shove Xovcmber 21 ; impracticable to place another thermometer until December 20. 

H. Ex. 44 43 



338 



EXPEDITION TO rOINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 



Statement showing the sea-ice temperature at Uglaamic from November, 1882, to June, 18S3 — Continued. 



Bay of 
mouth. 



March, 1833. 



Ice. 



G 

7 



9. 

10. 



11. 
12. 
13. 

14. 
15. 



10. 
17. 
IS. 
19. 
20. 

21. 



23. 
24. 
23. 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 



— C.3 
—10.1 
7, 2 

— 5^4 

— 2. G 

— G.3 

— 0.4 
—10.1 
—12. 9 
—11.9 

—12.9 

— 0.1 

— 9,1 

— 9.1 

— G.3 

— 4.5 

— 5.4 

— 7.2 



-4.5 

-1.7 

- 0.8 

2.9 

8.5 

9.5 
12.3 

9.5 
13.3 
11.4 
11.2 



Air. 



-28.2 
-20. 5 
-22. 3 
-10.2 

-20. 3 

-18.2 
-30.7 
-34. 9 
-33.7 

-32.1 
-14.9 
-22. 9 
-5515 
-22. G 

-10.4 
-12. 3 
-10. 5 
-1G. G 
-14. G 

-8.4 

- 4. G 

-7.8 

9.8 

21.6 

22.5 
1S.1 
10.3 
23.5 
10. G 
3.9 



Dirt". Water. 



21. 2 
18.1 
13.3 
10. 9 
7. G 

14.0 
12.8 
2G.G 
22.0 
21.8 

19.2 

7. 7 
13.8 
14.4 
13.5 

4.1 
7.8 
5.1 
9.4 
7.4 

3.9 

2.9 

7.0 

0.9 

13.1 

13.0 
5.8 
0.8 

12.2 
0.8 
7.3 



29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.2 
29.1 

29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.2 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.1 
29.0 
29.1 
29.1 
29.0 

29.1 
29. 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.1 
29.2 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 



April, 1883. 



May, 1883. 



Ice. 



Air. Diff. Water. Ice. Air. Difif. Water, 



5.7 
3.8 
2.9 
1.1 
4.8 

4.8 
2,0 
2.9 
2.9 

3.8 

5.7 
5.7 
C.7 
7.6 
0.7 

2.9 
3.8 
2.0 
4.8 
8.5 

9.5 
10.4 
10.4 
11.4 
13.3 

12.3 

14.3 
15.4 
14.3 
11.4 



-12.7 
-10.0 
-11.2 
-11.4 

- 0.9 

- 3.1 

- 7.G 

- 6.0 
-4.7 

- 1. G 

-1.2 
5.5 
3.8 
G.3 

-0.2 

-13.8 
-11.3 

- 6.7 
1.3 

12.5 

-0.5 

4.4 

7.4 

8.9 

15.6 



J4.4 
13.7 
13.6 
5.3 



18.4 
13.8 
14.1 
12.1 

5.7 

7.9 
9.6 
8.9 

7.6 
5.4 

6.9 
0.2 
2.9 
1.3 
G.9 

1G. 7 

15.1 

8.7 

3.5 

4.0 

10.0 
G.O 
3.0 
2.5 
2.3 

3.8 
0.1 
1.7 
0.7 
6.1 



29.0 
29.1 
29.0 
29.1 
29.1 

29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.1 
29.0 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.0 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.0 
29.1 

29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 



10.4 
11.4 
12.3 
12. 3 
22.5 

20.5 
20.5 
21.5 
21.5 
25.4 

23.4 
24.9 

23.5 
2-1.4 
23.5 

2*2.5 
23.5 
22.5 
23.5 
25.3 

25.4 

25.4 
27.3 
28.3 
30.3 

30.3 

31.2 
31.2 
31.2 
31.2 
31.2 



2.7 
8.2 
5.1 
12.0 
33.6 

20.1 

25.2 
23.0 
25.3 
27.4 

26.2 
21.7 
24.9 
31. 5 
26.8 

33.9 

28.4 
28.4 
30.8 
27.1 

26.4 
25.9 
33.2 
35.4 
37.8 

32.5 

33.2 
32.5 
32.5 
34.4 
34.9 



7.7 
3.2 
7 2 
o'.3 
11.1 

0.4 
4.7 
1.5 
3.8 
2.0 



2 

4 
1 
3 

4 

9 

5.9 

7.3 

1.8 

1.0 
0.5 
5.9 
7.1 
7.5 

2.2 
2.0 
1.3 
1.3 
3.2 
3.7 



June, 1SS3. 



Ice. Air. Diff. Water, 



29.1 
•29.1 
29.0 
29.1 
29.1 

29.0 

29.0 
29.0 
29.0 
29.0 

29.1 
29.0 
29.1 
29.1 
29.1 

29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.3 

29.2 
29.2 



29.2 
29.2 
29.2 

29.2 
29.2- 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 



31.2 
32.2 
30.3 
31.2 
32.2 

32.2 

(*) 



33.2 
30.3 
27.4 
26.1 
35.6 

38.6 



2.0 
1.9 
2.9 
5.1 
3.4 

6.4 



29.3 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 
29.2 

29.2 



' Discontinued : surface of ice melting-. 



Temperature of sca-icater at Uglaamie, Alaska. 

[From daily observations.] 



Month. 



1S82. 

January 

February 

Mareli 

April 

May* 

Juiie 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 



Whole period . 





Surface. 






Bottom, 


17 feet. 




Mean. 


Ma.x. 


Min. 


Range. 


Mean. 


Max. 


Min. 


Range. 


o 


o 





o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


28. 63 


28.9 


27.9 


1.0 


2S.79 


29.2 


28.2 


1.0 


28.84 


29.1 


28.7 


0.4 


29.01 


29.3 


28.8 


0.5 


28.87 


29.1 


28.8 


0.3 


29.04 


29.4 


2S.9 


0.5 


28.97 


29.8 


28.8 


1.0 


29.00 


29.8 


28.8 


1.0 


28.97 


29.1 


28.9 


0.2 


29.05 


29.2 


28.9 


0.3 


30. G5 


33.0 


28.9 


4.1 


30. 46 


32. 


28.9 


3.1 


37.35 


49.4 


30.7 


18.7 


37.42 


49.1 


29.9 


19.2 


42.47 


49.1 


34.2 


14.9 


42.34 


49.1 


32.5 


16.6 


33.31 


37. G 


29.8 


7.8 


33.40 


37.0 


30.0 


7.0 


29.20 


32. 


28.0 


4.0 


29.43 


32.4 


28.9 


3.5 


28.98 


29.2 


28.8 


0.4 


29.15 


30.0 


28.9 


1.1 




29.5 


28.9 


0.G 


29.22 


29. G 


28.9 


0.7 


31.279 


49.4 


27.9 


21.5 


31.359 


49.1 


2S.2 


20.9 



* May 2, temperature at 
bottom, 7S feet, 29°.3. 



'lead"of open Tvater 2milesfrom shore off station: surface, 29°.2; 



TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH. 

A shaft was opened in the frozen earth for the observation of earth temperatures December 8, 
1SS1, and continued down to a depth of 37 feet 6 inches. A thermometer protected by a wooden 
case was buried at the bottom of the shaft by the workman every night and read on beginning- 
work the next morning. From May 28, 1882, to April 23, 1883, a thermometer was kept suspended 
in the meat cellar at a depth of 13 feet below the surface and read once a day. From April 23, 
1883, to the closing of the station the thermometer was let down by a cord to the bottom of the 
shaft and drawn up and read once a day. At this level the temperature remained constant 
at + 12° F. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



339 



Temperature of the earth at Uglaamic, Alaska, from December 8, 1881, to February 17, 1883. 



Fat, 



Temperature. 



Earth. Air. 



1881. j ° Fahr. 

Dec. 8 — 5. 

8 — 4. 

ii — 3.0 



Dec. 
Dec. 



De 



13 



2.0 



Dec. 14 — 1.5 



Dec. 17 
1882. 
Apr. 15 
Apr. 17 
Apr. 10 
Apr. 21 



•4.1 

7.1 



° Fahr. 

— 18. 
—IS. 
—31.0 

—23. 



—'J l.o 

— G. (i 

— G.2 

— 0. 2 

— 1.4 
7.!) —12.0 



Depth. 



Ft, In. 
Surface 
1 



Apr. 22 I 7. 2 

Apr. Si 8. :: 

Apr. 24 ! 8.5 

Nov. 23 I 17.5 



Nov. 24 
Nov. 2."i 
Dec. 1 
Dec. 4 
Dec. 5 

Dec. 7 
Dee. 8 
Dee. !) 
Dec. 11 
Dec. 12 
Dee. 13 
Dec. 14 



Dee. IS 
1S83. 
Jan. 19 
Jan. 21 
Jan. 27 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 
Feb. 12 
Feb. 14 
Feb. 15 
Feb. 10 
Feb. 171 



17.5 

17.5 
14. 5 
14. 5 
14.5 



—12. 

— S. 3 
IS. 

— 5.0 



—13.0 
—15. 
— 5. (I 
—14.0 
—17.0 



14.5 


—20. 


14.2 


—12.5 


14.2 


—23. 5 


12. 5 


—17.0 


12.5 


—27.0 


1^.2 


—•.o. 


12.0 


—22.0 



11 

12 
13 
15 



10 
IS 
19 
20 
21 



23 
23 
24 



Formation. 



-= 2 



Turf and clay.. . 
Clay and gravel. 

...do 

...do :.... 

Gravel 



...do 

...do 

Clay and gravel. 
...do 



...do .. 
Gravel. 
...do .. 

Clay... 



do ... 

....do ... 
....do ... 
....do ... 
....do ... 



....do 

... do. 
Sand. 

Clay.. 
I. ...do 

....do . 
! Sand.. 



14.0 


—27.0 


27 


3 




14.0 


—27.0 


28 






13.0 


— 9.0 


29 






11.0 


-35.0 


30 






11.0 





31 






12.0 


— 7.0 


32 


8 




12.0 


— 0.0 


34 






12.5 


— 7.4 


34 






12.2 


—13.0 


35 






12.2 


—18.4 


36 






12.2 


—13.0 


37 


C 





...do . 

...do 

...do . 

...do . 

...do 

...do 

...do . 

...do. 

...do 

...do 

...do 



752 



752 
752 
752 

752 

752 
752 



752 



Remarks. 



Fay. 
..do . 
..do 

..do . 

..do . 

..do . 

..do 
..do . 
..do . 
..do . 

..do . 

..do . 
..do . 
..do . 



752 


..do ... 


752 


..do... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 



752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


752 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 


755 


..do ... 



Two feet of snow. 

Tundra covered with ieo when the. snow fell. 

Tenacious and very bard. Black ; wbeu melted resembled mud taken 

from docks. 
Tenacious and very bard. Farge pieces of pure fresh-water ice, with 

gravel. 
Tenacious and very hard. Put in blast, which blew out without 

moving any earth. 
Work suspended ; shaft covered. 



Very hard and tenacious. Temperature taken as before, in theshaft; 
thermometer buried each time over night. 

Dry, ami easily worked. 

Excavated room for meat. 

Quite dry, but firmly frozen. Resumed work November 23, sinking 

two feet. Temperature of store cellar for meat, -flG°. 2, on sarao 

level of bottom of shaft. 
Dry black clay. 

Strongly impregnated with chlorine. 
Qnite'dry. Containing sufficient water to firmly solidify it when frozen. 

Dry and very hard. Containing sufficient water to firmly solidify it 
when frozen. 



Sand and fine gravel. Layers dip to SSW. 45°. A pair of wooden 
goggles found, also fragments of clam-shells, t at 27 feet 3 inches. 
Stopped work ou the 14th. On the morning of the 18th found water 
and mud in bottom of shaft, with temperature of earth -4-14° ; water 
very salt ; stood at 15° F. when brought to the surface. 

Suspended work. 

Resumed work after bailing out one foot of water. No more came in. 



'••Five feet of snow was removed from over the shaft. The thermometer was buried in bottom, same as on December 17, when tho 
temperature was taken. 

tFrom this date until the closing of the station the temperature was observed daily at this depth, and found to be constant at 12°. 
,Mya truncata. 

METEOROLOGY OF MEADE RIVER RECONNAISSANCE. 



These observations were taken by Lieut. P. H. Ray, and Mr. A. C. Dark, during the sledge 
journey towards the headwaters of Meade River, from March 28 to April 7, 18S3, inclusive. The 
instruments used were one aneroid barometer, and two ordinary spirit -thermometers, protected 
by tubular wooden cases open at the bottom, and exposed by hanging them to the mast of the 
sled, four feet from the ground. The velocity of the Avind was estimated, and its direction indicated 
by a fly of bunting at the masthead. 



340 



EXPEDITION TO POI2s T T BAREOW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the reconnaissance to Meade River, Alaska. 

[Washington time] 



1S83. 
Alar. 28 



Har. 29 



Mar. 30 



Har. 31 



Apr. 1 



-Apr. 2 



Apr. 3 



Apr. 4 



Apr. 



3 p. m. 
7 p.m. 
11 p.m. 

3 a. m. 

7 a. in. 
11 a. m. 

3 p. in. 

7 p. m. 
11 p. m. 

3 a. m. 

7 a. in. 
11 a. m. 

3 ]). 111. 

7 p. ill. 
11 p.m. 

3 a. in. 

7 a.m. 
11 a.m. 

3 p. in. 

7 \i. m. 
11 p. in. 

3 a. in. 

7 a. in. 
11 a.m. 

3 p. ni. 

7 p.m. 
1 1 p. m. 

3 a.m. 

7 a. in. 
11. a.m. 

3 p. m. 

7 p. m. 
11 ]). m. 

3 a.m. 

7 a.m. 
11 a. m. 

3 p. m. 

7 p. in. 
lip. m. 



Apr. 



Apr. 



20. 780 
20. 735 
20.715 

29. 720 
29. 700 
29. 800 
29. 820 
20. 920 
29. 910 

29. 935 
20. 910 
29. 000 
29. TOO 
29. S70 
29. fcSO 

20.88 
20. 88 
29. SO 
20.01 

29. 09 

30. OS 

30.10 
30.11 
30.19 
HO. 20 
30. 25 
30. 24 

30.30 
30. 25 
3(i. IS 
29. 80 
-.0.90 

28. S" 
28. S7 
2S. 87 



7 a. m. 
11 a.m. 

3 p. in. 

7 p. m. 
11 p. in. 

3 a. in. [ 

7 a. m. i 
11 a.m. ! 

3 p. m. 

7 p. m. 
11 p. ni. 

3 a. m. 

■ 7 a. m | 
11 a. in. i 

3 p. in. ; 

7 p. in. i 
11 p.m. 

3 a.m. 

7 a. m. 

11 a.m. 

3 p. m. 
7 p. m. 



28. 19 
28. 49 
28. 45 
£8. 43 
28.21 
28. 30 

28.31 
28, 30 
28. 27 
'.8.17 
28.21 
28. 20 

28. ill 
28.00 
28 01 
28. 01 
28. 00 
28. ) 

28. 10 
28.15 
28.10 
28. 05 
28. 00 



0.8 
17.7 
24.3 

10.0 
17.7 
16.4 
29.2 
27.1 
3.4 

—2.0 
—0.4 
17.3 
20.0 
27.0 
19.3 

11.5 
0.3 

3.5 
10. 

0.2 
0.5 

-5.0 
-9.0 
-11.3 
-14.0 
-13.8 
-14.7 



29. 800 
29. 810 
29. 790 

29. SCO 
29. 840 
29. 880 

29. E00 

30. 000 

29. 990 

30. 020 
30. 020 
29. 080 
29. 580 
20. 950 
29.000 

29. 00 
29. 90 

29. 07 
20. 09 
30.07 
30.15 

30. IS 
30.19 

3(1. '.7 
30. 34 

30. 32 



1—25. 8 , 30. 38 
|— 31. S , 30.33 
1—28.3 I 30.20 
— I). S 20 88 

I— 1.1 2'J 93 

-23.2 j 30.51 
-31.8 I 30.51 
-34.7 30.51 
-17.0 i 30.51 

-12^5 ; 30. [0 



-31.2 
: -37. 8 
1-20.0 

l\ 

2.4 



3,1.13 
30.13 
30. 09 
3(1.07 

29. 85 

30. 03 



1-13.4 
-14.S 
1-13.4 



20. 74 
20. 73 
29. 05 

20. t:5 

20. 04 
29. 04 



-8.8 



20. 7 1 
20. 70 
29. 7(1 
29. (iO 
29. 0* 



-32.2 


29. 05 


-20. 3 


20. 04 


-18.5 


20.01 


- 8.G 


29.81 


- 7.7 


20. S5 


-10. 


20. 84 





1 




>fi 














a 


ID 






r3 


3 






-*-> 


eo 




P 


« 


o 


1-1 


i-I 


o ' " 


O / ; 


71 00 1 


157 00 : 


70 54 00 


157 15 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 37 00 


157 11 


70 30 00 


157 11 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 20 00 


157 30 


70 10 00 


157 37 


70 10 00 


157 ito 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 16 CO 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 CO 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 16 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 


70 10 00 


157 55 ! 


70 13 00 


157 52 | 


09 55 00 


157 40 i 


00 55 CO 


157 40 


00 55 00 


157 40 j 


09 55 00 


157 40 ! 


09 55 00 


157 40 | 


09 58 00 


157 40 1 


70 10 00 


157 40 1 


70 10 00 


157 52 | 


70 10 00 


157 52 


70 10 00 


157 52 


70 10 00 


157 52 1 


70 10 00 


157 52 : 


70 10 00 


157 52 i 


70 10 00 


157 52 ! 


70 16 00 


157 £3 1 


70 10 00 


157 52 


70 10 00 


157 52 i 


70 21 00 


157 45 | 


70 27 00 


157 25 ! 


70 28 00 


157 17. j 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 28 00 


157 17 


70 33 00 


157 15 


70 42 00 


157 10 ; 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 47 03 


157 12 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 47 00 


157 12 


70 57 00 


157 15 


71 00 00 


157 00 
1 



"Wind. 



Upper clouds 



E. 
E. 
E. 

SE. 

SE. 
SW. 

w. 

NW. 

s\r. 
s. 

8!. 
S. 

SSE. 

SSE. 

S. 

S. 
SSE. 
SE. 
W. 

w. 

JfW. 

w. 

> T NW. 

MV 
N. 
N. 
K". 



12s 
9s 



2* 
4s 
5s 
10s 
8* 
2s 

4s 
4s 
Cs 



4s 
6s 
3s 

10s 



s. 
s. 
s. 

W. 
Calm. 
Calm. 

Culm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
S. i 
Calm. 



Calm. 

Calm. 

Calm. 
ESE. I 
ESE. 



Cir. | 2 | 
Hidden. 

Cir. | 1 I 

Cir - 2 | 

Haze. 

Hidden. 



Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 

S. j M 

S. I 3s 
X. ! 2s 

Calm. 
2\ T . I 4s 
E. : 4s 
E. j 3s 

Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm. 
Calm . 
W. ! Is 







Haze. 



Lower clouds. 



Strat, 3 

Strat. j 10 
Strat. j 10 









Cir. 


2 


Cir. 


3 


Cir. 


3 








11 


1 
ddei 



Strat. 
Strat. 
JNimb. 
Strat. 
Strat, 
Strat. 

i Strat. 

I Strat. 

Es I Strat. 

o Strat. 

I Strat. 

i Strat. 



10 



1 

0—1 

1 
4 



Ham or 
snow. 



Ha/.e. 
Cir. 







Cir. 






Hidden. 

Cir. j 2 ] ~K& 

(I j 

| 



Strut. 
Strat. 
Strat. 
Strat. 
Stiat. 
Strat. 

Strat. 
Strat. 
Strat. 
Strat. i 
Strat. : 
Strat. 



j ! 
0] 

1 Strat. 

Strat. 


! Strat. 



; ; 

Haze. 

Ml ! 

n 

Cir. 2. o 

j : 



o i o : o 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Civ. 7 

Cir. 3 

I 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Cir. ! 3 I 

Hidden. 

o o o 



Strat. 
Strat. 


Strat. 
Strat. 

o 

o 


Strat. 


Strut. 
SWA 

Strat. 
Strat. 

Strat. 
Strat. 
Strat. 
Strat. 

Strat, 
Strat, 
Strat, 
Strat. 
Strat. 
Stiat. 











: Stiat. 



Hidden. I Strat. 10 

Cir. 13 10 Strat, 4 

Cir. 4 Strat. 4 

Cir. 2 



10 

10 

10 

1 

4 

10 
10 
10 


















II 
(I 

Es 




(I 

(I 



NW* 




I) 



(I 








(I 







(I 
I) 
(I 



a. -- 



B-2 



a.m. i.. 



li. ni. 



00 ! Pair. 
(Ml | Cloudy.' 
00 ; Ckmdv. 



00 
00 

.15 
00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
O0 

00 

(II) 

00 
0(1 

oo 

00 
00 

oo 

00 
00 
00 
00 
Oil 



CO 
00 
00 
00 

00 
0(1 

00 
CO 
(0 
00 
00 
00 

CO 
00 
00 
(0 
00 
CO 

09 

00 
CO 

oo 

00 
CO 

I'd 
(II) 

00 

ftl 

00 
00 

00 
00 

oo 

00 
00 



; Cloudy. 
; Cloudy. 
j ll'y f now. 

Cloudy. 
I Clear. 

Clear. 

Hazy. 
Clear, t 
Clear. 
Fair. 
Fair. 
j Fair. 

Cloudy. 
i Hazy- 
' Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

; Fair. 
S Cloudy. 
1 Cloudy. 
I Fair. ' 
! Clear. 
C tear. 

Clear. 
Char. 
Clear. 
Clrar. 

( 'lear. 
Clear. 

, Clear. 
j Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 
! Clear. 

■ Clear. J 
I Clear. § 
! Clear. 
. Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 

Clear. 
I Cloudy. 
' Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. ' 

Cloudy. 
Cloudv . 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

Cloudy. 

Clear.' 



; Aurora in S. 



5 Aurora in S. k. SW. 



* .Parhelion at 3.30 p. in. ; also at lip. m. t Aurora E. Jc JsE., altitude 25°. 

Correction for barometer, April 7, -j- l.Ct by comparison upon return to station ; applied from 3 a. in. A pril 3. Xuniber •'!' barometer used 
during trip, Aneroid. Xo. 163. Instrumental error, -|- .076. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



341 



METEOROLOGY OF THE VOYAGE FROM 

FRANCISCO. 



POINT BARROW TO SAN 



These observations are the direct continuation of the regular meteorological work of the sta- 
tion, and were taken as above described. 

Meteorological record of the voyage of the .schooner Leo from Point Harrow, Alaska, to Seen Francisco, 

California. 

AUGUST 28, 1S83. 

[Washington time. Correction to reduce to local time, —5 hours 17 minutes. Italic s signifies slow; /.signifies rapid. Schooner abreast of 

station, Uglaamie, Alaska, latitude 71° 17' N., longitude 156° 23' AV.) 



a 
o 


u 
cd 

a 

o 
u 

.a 

cd 
u 

M 

o 
U 


Hygronietei 
(corrected). 


a 

p 

© 

'© 


Wind. 


Upper clouds. Lower clouds. ™Vii? r 
| i sntAV ' 


o 
a <u 

a a 
a 


CD 

CD 
CD 

c* 


=4 

CD 

o 
c 




V 

CD 

,= 

o 
o 

CD 

a 

H 


& 

R 


1 


a 

o 

Q 
A 


a 
N 


| 



o 

.a 
% 

o 

a 
< 


> 

"a 

gp 


•6 
a 

3 . 


CO 

o 

a 

a 
a 

o 

a 


9 1 
a! 

si 
5' 


cu 

O 

a 

o 

a 
a 

o 
O 


r3 

<d 

rj 

a 

w 


o 
> 
u 

CD 
M 

o 










P.et. 























Inch 








*2 a. m. 







































*3 a. m. 



























































i 


























:::i::: .::::: 






















129. 700 

. 29. 700 
29. 670 
29. 670 
29. 670 
29. 660 
29. 640 

29. 630 
29. 035 
29. 645 
29. 635 
29. 640 
29. 610 

29. 650 
29. 060 
29. 665 

29. 675 

29. 685 
29. 675 


43.4 

42.5 
42.0 
41.0 
42.0 
43.5 
44.0 

44.3 

48.4 
50.5 
52.3 
53.0 
55.0 

52.0 
42.1 
45.0 

48.2 

47.5 
46.0 


43.4 

42.5 
42.1 

40.8 
42.5 
43.7 
44.0 

44.0 

48.0 
50.0 
52.2 
50.0 
51.0 

49.5 
42.1 
44.6 

47.8 

46.4 
46.0 


100 
100 

98 

99 

100 

97 
96 
96 
99 
80 
76 

S3 
100 
96 

97 

92 
93 


SE. 

SE. 

SE. 

SE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 

SSE. 
S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 

s. 
w. 

Ca 

E. 

ESE. 
SSW. 


Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 
Fresh . - 
Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 
Fresh... 
Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Light.. 
Light.. 
Light . . 

Light. . 
Light., 
lm. 

Light. - 
Light . . 
Light.. 




Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Strattt3 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Nirnbns. 
Stratus . 
Cumulus 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 


10 

8 
8 
7 
4 
4 
7 

5 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 
9 
5 
3 
10 
10 


SW.s 

SW.s 

SW.r 

Sff.f 

sw.« 

SW.s 


S.s 
S.s 
S.s 















00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
.01 
.01 

00 


33.8 
33.2 
33.5 
36.1 
36.0 

36.1 

36.2 
30.5 
36.7 
30.8 
37.0 

30.5 
36.7 
36.0 

36.2 

36.5 
36.3 


Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloud v ... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloud'..... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 
Light rain. 
Cloudy 1 

Cloudy-...' 

Cloudy i 

Cloudy.... 

i 


T> 


i a. m. 





Cirrus . . 
Cir. cu .. 

Cirrus .. 
Cirrus .- 

Cirrus . . 
Hi 












T> 






1 

6 
4 
2 

2 







SW.s 
SW.s 


















r. 


10 a. m. 







G. 


12 m. 






T\r 


1 p. m. 

2 p.m. 

3 p.m. 

4 p.m. 

5 p. m. 

6 p. m. 

7 p.m. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. m. 

10 p.m. 

lip. m. 
12 p.m. 


i 


"Df 








i\r 


Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 






TVf 






M 






M 






T\f 


Hi 
Hi 




dden. 
dden. 
1 


7.30 




M. 

A 



H 


| 







9.20 


A. 


Hi 


ddei 


t. 


S.s 


11.25 


11.50 


A. 



AUGUST 29, 1883. 
[From Uglaamie, Alaska, to Seahorse Islands, latitude 70° 51' N., longitude 15&° 25' W.] 



1 a. m. 


29. 680 


43.0 


41.5 


88 


SW. 


Light.. 


2 a. m. 


29. 685 


41.6 


40.6 


91 


SAV. 


Light.. 


3 a. m. 


29. 080 


42.2 


41.3 


93 


E. 


Light.. 


4 a. m. 


29. 680 


41.3 


40.8 


96 


SE. 


Gentle . 


5 a. m. 


29. 680 


40.5 


40.0 


96 


ESE. 


Gentle. 


6 a. m. 


29. 685 


39.7 


39.2 


95 


E. 


Light . . 


7 a. m. 


29. 685 


40.3 


39.9 


96 


ENE. 


Gentle. 


8 a. m. 


29. 650 


40.0 


39. 5 


95 


E. 


Light.. 


9 a. m. 


29. 630 


38.5 


38.1 


96 


ENE. 


Light.. 


10 a. m. 


29. 625 


39.0 


38.7 


97 


ENE. 


Gentle . 


11 a. m. 


29.615 


40.8 


40.0 


98 


e: 


Fresh.. 


12 m. 


29. 610 


42.5 


42.4 


99 


SE. 


Gentle . 


1p.m. 


29. 610 


42.3 


42.3 


100 


SSE. 


Gen lie. 


2 p. m. 


29. 595 


43. 2 


43.2 


100 


SSE. 


Gent lo . 


3 p. m. 


20. 580 


43.0 


43.0 


100 


NE. 


( i eutle . 


4 p. m. 


29. 570 


44.6 


44.2 


90 


NE. 


Fresh. - 


5 p. m. 


29. 570 


47.0 


44.9 


85 


E. 


Fresh \ 
Fresh.. 


Cp. m. 


29. 560 


47.0 


44.9 


92 


SE. 


7 p.m. 


23. 56,) 


49.5 


46.9 


83 


SE. 


Fresh \ 


8 p. m. 


29. 570 


50. 


40.9 


80 


SE. 


Fresh \ 


9 p.m. 


29. 580 


50.2 


40. 


75 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


10 p. m. 


{29. 603 


48.0 


4>. 6 


81 


wsw. 


Light.. 


11 p. ro. 


29. 60s 


46.0 


44. 2 


85 


w. 


Light.. 


12 p. m. 


29. 623 


47.1 


45. 1 


85 


SW. 


Light.. 









Cir. cu . 
Cir. cu . 






Cir. cu . 


Cir. cu . 



Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Cirrus .. 
Cir. st . 
Cir. st . 



Cir. cu . 
Cir. St.. 
Cir. cu 
Cumului 

Cirrus . . 

Cirrus .. 

Cirrus .. 
Cirrus .. 



SI! 


■ 7 


9 > 

3 , 


W 


1 


1 


1 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus 
Stratus . 
Stratus 
Nimbus 

Nimbus 
Nimbus. 

j Stratus . 

I Stratus . 

j Stratus . 

Stratus . 

I 

j Stratus . 

I Stratus . 
f I Cumulus; 2 



Stratus 
Cumulus' 

Stratus . j 
Stratus .j 
Stratus ! 



3 ! 



SW.s 
SW.s 


SE.s 

SE. 

E.s 

ENE.s 

E.s 

E.s 

E.s 












2.30 



36. 3 i Cloudy . 
36.2 01oudv. 
" Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy . 

Fair ... 



36. 



36.0 
35.8 



35.8 
35.7 
36.0 
36.4 
36.5 
35.8 

36.0 
30.0 
37. 
38.5 

3S.5 

38.0 

38.5 
33.0 
42.0 

42.0 

CO ! 42.0 
00 I 41. 5 



Cloudy... 
Cloudy. .. 

Cloudy 

Fair .' 

Cloudy 

Light rain. 



Light raiu. G. 
Light rain. G. 

Cloud v j G. 

Cloudy.... G. 

Cloudy....! C. 

Cloudy. ... I C. 

I 



Fair 


C. 


Cloudy .... 


C. 


Fair 


M. 


Fair 


M. 


Fair 

Fair 


M. 
M. 



'Observations interrupted while moving instruments from shelter to the schooner. I Aneroid barometer used until 10 p. m, August 29th. 

% Marine barometer used at and after this observation. 



342 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. 



AUGUST 30, 1863. 



[AVasliington time. Italic s signiiics slow; r signifies rapid. Schooner off Seahorse Islands, latitude 70° 51' X., longitude 158° 25' AT.] 



1 a. ra. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. 111. 

4 n. m. 

5 a. in. 
C a. in. 

7 a. in. 

8 a. in. 
'J a. in. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. in. 

12 ni. 

1 p. in. j 

2 p. in. j 

3 ]j. m. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. ni. 
tip. in. 

7 ]i. in. 
Sp. in. 

p. in. 

10 p. m. 

11 p. Til. 

12 p. in. 



Hygrometer 
I (corrected). 



29. 531 
20. 5G3 
20. 5SG 
29. 593 
29. C21 
29. 0C1 

20.721 
20. 754 
20. 747 
29. 77S 
20. 78S 
29. SOG 

20. K29 
20. S50 
20. SG5 
29. 879 
29. 888 
20. 0IG 

20. 91 S 
20. 025 
20. 925 
29. 948 
29. 943 
20. 94G 



45.3 
45.0 
44. G 
4-1.0 
41.5 
35.4 

34. 3 

35. 
33.5 
33.0 

:u. o 

35. S 

36. 7 

39. 1) 
39.7 
40.5 
40.0 
41.5 

39.0 
:;o. 5 
40.0 
39.8 
39.8 
39.0 



44.0 
43.8 
44.0 
43.9 
40.7 
35.0 

33.8 
34.3 
33.4 
32.9 
33.9 
35.3 

35.2 
3G. 5 
3G.7 
39.5 
38.4 
39.4 



37. 5 
37.5 
39. G 



P.ct. 
90 
90 
95 
98 
93 
04 



"Wind. 



SS"W. I Li slit - 
S"W. Fresh . 



S. 

S. 
SW. 
W. 



05 :WNW. 






nw. 
w. 
s\v. 
ssw. 
ssw. 

SAV. 
SSW. 

ssw. 

S"W. 
SW. 

S"W. 

sw. 

S"W. 
WS¥. 

TV. 
AVNW. 

"W. 



Gentle 

Fresh . 
High. . 
High.. 

High.. 
Gentle 

Brisk . 
Brisk .. 
Brisk - 
Fresh . 

Fresh . 
Brisk . 
Fresh .. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Fresh . 

Fresh .. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 



Upper clouds. 



P 

o bS 
v c 



Cirrus . 
Cirrus . 
Cir. cu 
Cir. en 



1 

3 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 







Hidden. 

I | 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Cumulus 



Cir. cu 








1 





nidilen 



Hidden. 
I 
I 









Lower clouds. 



Bain or 



Stratus - 
Stratus - 
Stratus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cu. str.. 
Cu. str . . 

Nimbus 
Cu. str.. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 



10 
10 

10 
8 

10 
10 

10 

3 

9 
G 
4 
7 



"5 M 



pq \< 



o 

SW.r 

S.s 

S.r 

SW.r 

W.r 



(1 




o 
o 

SAY.s 
SSW.s 
SSAV.s 
SW.s 
SW.s 
SW.S 

SW.s 
SW.s 
"W.s 
W.r 
WNW.s 
W.s 



i 




3. 


25 


1 3.45 



... 


... 





8. 


20 


j 








11.10 



IncJt 
oo 
oo 

00 

'oo 

00 

00 
00 



41. G 
41.0 
41.4 
41.2 
41. 
40.4 

40.2 
40.4 
40. G 
40. 5 
40.8 
40. S 



Fair. . 
Fair. . 
Cloud 
Cloud 
Cloud 
Cloud 

Cloud 
Cloud 
Light 
Light 
Light 
Cloud 



snow 
snow- 
snow 







00 
00 

Ml 

00 

'00 

00 
00 
00 






i'so' 

5.10 

0.45 


"i. 45' 

5.20 

7." 05" 





















40.7 Cloud v. 

41.1 I Fair. " 

■12.1 

42.0 

42.0 

42. 5 

42.5 
42.5 
42. 2 
42.2 

42.1 
42.1 



Fair. 

Fair , 

Cloud v.... 
Cloudy.... 

Light rain. 

Fair 

Fair 

Cloudy 

C londy 

Cloudy — 



S. 
s. 
S. 

s. 
I). 
r>. 

D. 
r>. 

A. 

A. 
A. 
Ju 

Cr. 

G. 
G. 
G. 

C. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

M. 
M. 
M. 



AUGUST 31, 1883. 
[From Seahorse Islands to Boint Belcher, latitude 70° 47' N., longitude 159° 30' AT.] 



1 a. 


ni. 


29. 956 


2 a. 


111. 


29. 968 


3 a. 


111. 


29. 962 


4 a. 


111. 


29. 95G 


5 a. 


m. 


29. 950 


Ga. 


111. 


20. 044 


7 a. 


111. 


29. 930 


8 a. 


111. 


20.004 


9 a. 


,11. 


2! .894 


10 a. 


111. 


20. S7G 


11 a. 


111. 


20. SG7 


12 11 




20. S40 



l]i. ni. : 21.831 

2 p.m. 20.S07 

3 p.111.1 29.786 

4 p.m. 29.762 

5 p. 111. 20. 747 
Gp. 111. 29.730 



7 p. 111. 

b p. in. 

p. 111. 
10 p. in. 
lip. m. 
12 p.m. 



20. 725 
29. 712 

29. 724 
20. 724 
29. 737 
29. 741 



39.8 


38.9 


92 


39.5 


38.3 


S7 


39. 


38.0 


91 


38. S 


37. G 


89 


39.4 


3S. 5 


91 


38. 5 


37.5 


90 


38. 5 


37. 5 


90 


38.7 


37. S 


91 


39.0 


38.5 


95 


38. S 


3S.4 


OG 


39.0 


38. 4 


04 


39.5 


38.5 


01 


3S.2 


37.0 


92 


37. 3 


37.1 


98 


37.7 


37. G 


99 


38.0 


37.8 


9S 


38.0 


37.4 


95 


37. 5 


36.9 


94 


3S.0 


37. 4 


95 


38.0 


37. G 


90 


38.4 


37.7 


93 


38.0 


37.0 


90 


37.1 


36.4 


93 


35. 


34.3 


93 

i 



ATSAT. 
W. 
SW. 

S. 

s. 

SSE. 

SSE. 
SSE. 

SE. 
ESE. 
SSE. 

SE. 

SSE. 
S. 

s. 
s. 

SSE. 
S. 



Gentle 
( 1 entle 
Light . 
Kcntle 
<; entle 
Gentle 

Light . 
Light . 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle 

Fresh . 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentlo 
G entle 
Gentlo 



SAT. 

NAT. 
NW. 

NW. 



Calm. 
Calm. 



Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentlo 



Cir. st .. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
! I 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Niuibus . 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nicubns. 
Nimbus - 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 



9 
9 
8 
6 

10 
10 

10 
7 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 

10. 

10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
9 
10 
10 
10 
10 


WSW.s 
W.s 













S.« 

s.s 

S.s 
S.s 

S.s 













00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

!oi 

!oi 

'00 

00 
00 


42.0 
42.3 
42.2 
42.0 
42.0 
41.0 

42.0 
42. 
41.8 
41.9 
42.0 
41.7 

41.7 
41.4 
41.4 
41.8 
41.5 
41.5 

41.5 
41.3 
41.2 
41.4 
41.2 
41.0 










































12.30 






















9.00 















Cloudy. 
Cloudv. 
Cloud V. 
Cloudv . 
Cloud v- 
Clotidy . 

Cloudy. 

Fair 

Cloudv. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudv. 



Light rain, j G. 
Light rain. I G. 
Light rain, j G. 
Light rain. I G. 
Light rain. I C. 
Light rain. 1 C. 



Light rain. 
Light rain. 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy — 
Cloudv — 
Clouds .... 



C. 
C. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



343 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, <(V.— Continued. 



SEPTEMBER 1, 1S83. 
{"Washington time. Italic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 70 c 29' X., longitude 162° 25' AY.] 



jH 



3 j). in 

4 p. m. 

5 p. in. 
]). in. 

7 p. m. 
S p. in. 
!9 p. in. 

•10 p. 111. 
01 p. 111. 

12 p. m. 



20. 793 
23. 770 
29. 701 
29. 724 





Hygrometer 


o» 


(corrected). 


a 


















rt 






^a 






<y 


,a 


5 


w 


3 


£ 




>•. 


■*^> 








O 


P 


F- 



1 a. 


in. 


29. 755 


,2 a. 


in. 


29. 770 


3 a 


in. 


29. 771 


4a. 


in. 


29. 794 


5 a. 


in. 


29.805 


Ga. 


m. 


29. S01 


7 a. 


in. 


:5i. 815 


Sa 


m. 


29. 82.2 


i<J a. 


in. 


•JO. S2.-> 


10 a 


in. 


21). 830 


11a. 


in. 


29. 886 


12 n 




29. 822 


1 1> 


in. 


29. 864 


2p 


m. 


29. 791 



29. 723 


3D. 


29. 09;'. 


40.2 


29. G7G 


4L0 


29. G33 


41.1 


29. G28 


43.4 


29. 020 


44.5 



34.0 
34. 
83. 5 

33.(1 

.Ml. 

31. 2 

39. 8 
30.5 
30.0 
30. 
30. 5 

32. 2 

33. 9 
33.9 

33. 4 
30.3 
37. 5 
38.3 



34.2 
33.7 
33. 3 

32. 4 
30.1 
31.0 

30. 5 
30.2 
29. 9 

29. 9 

30. 5 
32. 1 

33.9 

33. S 

33.5 
30.2 
37.0 
38.0 

39.0 
40.1 
40. S 
41.0 
43. 4 
44.5 



P.ct 

90 
97 
98 
99 

"98 

97 
97 
99 
99 
100 
99 



Wind. 



Kff. 
NW, 
JTW. 
W. 

N. 

N. 

K. 
N. 

N. 

w. 

K. 
N. 



100 


EXE. 


99 


EKE. 




EKE. 


99 


EXE. 


95 


ENE. 


9S 


E. 


100 


E. 


99 


E. 


98 


ENE. 


93 


ENE. 


100 


ENE. 


100 


S. 



Upper clouds. 



Lower clouds 



Light.. 

Gciitic . 
Light.. 
Light .. 
Light .. 
Light .. 

Light.. 
Light .. 
Light.. 
Gentle . 
( i-entlo . 
Gentle . 

Fresh . . 
Fresh .. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh .. 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Gentle 



si 



Cirrus .. 4 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Bidden. 
Hidden. 

' Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hiddt-n. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 



S I 



o fee 

° a 
~.3 



Stratus., 2 
Sir.H us | 10 i 

Dense fog. 

I li iim fog. 

Dense fog. 

Dense Cos. 



N\Y.. 




Stratus . 
Strains . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus - 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Strains . 
Strains . 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Nnnlies 
Srrat ns . 
Nimbus. 
Ninibus 
Nimbus. 



Eain or 

snow. 



9. 30 



Inch. 

00 41.0 | Fair ... 
no 41.8 ; Cloudy. 
00 42.2 Foggy . 
00 ! 42. 5 Feagy . 
00 : 42.5 Foggy . 
00 43.0 Eogg'y . 



43.0 Cloudy. 

43.1 i Cloudy. 
42. S : Cloudy - 
42. G Cloudy.... 

41.2 Cloudy 

40.0 I Cloudy... 

39.9 I Cloudy-.. 

40.1 I Cloudy. .- 
40.7 i Cloudy... 

41.1 Cloudy... 

41.2 Cloudy-. 



. S. 

.! s. 
! S. 

\k 
. I). 

.; d. 

. D. 

J A. 
J A. 
J A. 
.' A. 

G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
C. 



.8 ; Light rain. C. 



43.9 
43.9 

43. 
43.8 
44.5 

44. G 



Light rain., C. 
Light rain. C. 
Cloudy.-.., M. 
Light rain-: M. 
Lightrain.l M. 
Light rain. I M. 



SEPTEMBER 2, 1883. 



[Latitude 08° OS' N., longitude 1C4° 59' W.] 



.la. in. 29.599 
29. 008 



.! a. in. 

4 a. in. 



29. G33 
29. 077 



5 a. in. j 29. 720 
n. m. I 29. 741 



43.0 
44.8 
44. 5 
41.2 
43. 5 
40.0 



a. in, 



29.777 i 38.9 



1 p. in. 

2 p.m. 

3 p. in. 
"4 p. in. 
5 p. m. 
p. m. 



29. 9:12 
29. 932 
29. 944 

29. 979 
29.994 

30. 023 



7 i>. in. I 30.041 
S p. in. i 30. 072 
9 p.m. 30.084 
10 p.m.; 30.100 
lip. in. 30.105 
12 p in. i 30.121 



40.2 
40. 3 
41.3 
40. S 
40. S 
40.5 



45.0 
44.0 
44. 3 
43.7 
42.0 
40.0 



S a. in. j 29. 802 '■ 39. 4 , 33. 3 

•9 a. m. ; 29.833 3.1.2 i 39.1 

10 a. m.! 29.801 39.2 i 39.0 

11 a. in. I 29. S83 ; 39.5 i 39.4 

12 m. 29.891 \ 40. ! 39.7 



40.2 
40.2 
41.0 
40.0 
40. 5 
40.0 



40.0 I 39.2 
39. 4 | 38. 7 
39.5 38.0 
39.8 37.8 
39. G 37. 
39. ! 37. 



I 



100 

100 

98 



SAY. 

SAY. 

AYSVV. 

\YNW. 

NNVY. 
XX'VY. 



Light. 
Light . 
Light . 
Light . 
Gentle 
Fresh . 



lOrW. Brisk 
NN\Y. I Brisk 
N. ! Brisk 
NXE. j Brisk 
NNE. j Brisk 
NNE. ! Brisk 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



NNE. 


Gentle . 


Hidden. 


NSTE. 


Gentle . 


Hidden. 


NAY. 


Gentle . 


Hidden. 


NAY. 


Gentle . 


Hidden. 


NAY. 


Light .. 


Hidden. 


NAY. 


Light -. 


Hidden. 


XN\Y 


Light .. 


Hidden. 


NNVY 


Light .. 


Hidden. 


NNVT. 


Light . . 


Hidden. 


NAA r . 


Light .. 


Hidden. 


NNAY. 


Fresh .. 


Hidden. 


NNAY. 


Brisk . . 


Hidden. 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 
Nimbus 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Strains . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus 

Stratus 
Nimbus 
Nimbus 
Stratus 

Stratus 
Stratus 
Stratus 
Stratus 
Stratus 
Stratus 































N.s 
N.s 



12.50 
2.30 



.01 
i .02 

1 "oo 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



oc 

j 00 

2.40 ! .— 



45.0 j Cloudy.-.. 
4 .'. 3 light rim. 

45. 2 ; Cloudy 

43.2 | Cloudy 

45. 3 I Cloudy 

45. 3 ! Cloudy 

45.2 Cloudy 

45. 5 Cloudy 

45.5 Cloudy 

45. 3 Cloudy 

45.3 Cloudy. .. 
45.2 Cloudy... 



1). 

L>. 
! A. 
i A. 
i A. 
! A. 





45. o 




45. 2 


00 


45.8 


00 


45. 8 


CO 


45.0 


eo 


45.8 


00 


45.8 


00 


45.0 



Cloudy.... G. 
Cloudy..-.: G. 

C'oudy G. 

Light lain G. 
Light rain. C. 
Clondv C. 



Cloudy. - 
Cloudy... 
Cloudy.. 

Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy.. 



18: 

I M. 
I M. 
iM. 
i M. 



344 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER 3, 1883. 
[Washington lime. Italic s signifies slou ,■ r signifies rapid. Latitude Co 53' N., longitude 1C8° 22' W.] 



Hygrometer 
(corrected). 



Wind. 



Upper clouds. 



Louver clouds. 



IT 

■2£ 





.a 




-*i 




o 








a 












a 




3 


•73 




a 


4 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


6 


Stratus . 


7 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus - 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Cumulus 


9 


Cumulus 


9 


Cum. st. 


10 


Stratus , 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 



a I 



Rain or 
snow. 



. 




o 




d • 








£b 




a 








cd 


c; 


<D 


* 










o " 


£ 




3 
XIX 


Inch. 




00 


44.8 


00 


45.0 


00 


45.0 


00 


44.2 


00 


43.8 


00 


38.9 


00 


37. G 


00 


37.8 


00 


37.8 


00 


37.9 


00 


38.2 


00 


38.0 


* 


40.5 


00 


44.2 


00 


46.5 


00 


46.9 


00 


47.0 


00 


47.0 


00 


46.0 


00 


46.0 


* — 


47.8 


00 


47.8 


00 


47.9 


.02 


48.0 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. in. 

5 a. in. 
C a. iu. 



7 a. m. 

8 a. in. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 



12 



1 p. in. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p m. 

5 p. in. 
p. m. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. in. 

9 p. ill. 
10 p.m. 
tl p. m. 
12 p. ni. 



30.138 

30. 149 
30. 163 
30. 177 
30.177 
30. 191 

30. 197 
30. 208 
30. 209 
30. 197 
30. 192 
30. 202 

30. 209 
30. 20G 
30.191 
30. 108 

30. 150 
30.121 

30. 110 
30. 075 
30. 007 
29. 983 
29. 984 
29. 980 



37.2 
38.0 
37.7 
37.3 
37.2 
37. G 

36.4 
36.4 
37.0 
37.0 
36.8 
37.0 

37.3 
38.0 
39.0 
40.5 
40.2 
41.0 

41.0 
42.0 
44.5 
43.8 
44.8 
46.2 



36.2 
36.8 
36.1 
35.4 
35.3 
35. 5 

35.0 
35.0 
35. 9 
35.9 
35.6 
35.9 

30.8 
37.0 
37.8 
39.0 
38.9 
39.9 

40.0 
41.1 
43.0 
42.8 
43.8 
45.2 



P.ct. 
90 
88 
85 
82 
82 
81 

8G 
86 
89 
89 
88 
89 

95 
90 
88 
87 
87 
90 

91 
92 
88 
92 
92 
92 



NE. 
NE. 

N. 

N. 
N. 
N. 

NNE. 
N. 

N. 
N. 
N. 

N. 

NNE. 

1ST. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NNE. 

NE. 

NE. 
ME. 

M. 
ENE. 

E. 
ENE. 



Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 

Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk 

Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
High.. 

High... 

High.. 
High.. 
High.. 
High.. 
High.. 



Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Cirrus ..I 2 1 
Cirrus .-I 2 | 

Hidden. 

I I 
Hidden, 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
10 1 
| I 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



NE.s 
NE.s 














N.i- 
N.r 
N.r 

NNE.r 
N.r 

ME.r 

NNE.r 

ME.r 

XE.r 

NE.r 
UE.r 
NE.r 
ENE.r 
E.s 




11.40 



Cloud v.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 
Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloud v 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy. . . . 
Cloudy. . . . 
Lightrain. 



SEPTEMBER 4, 1883. 
[Latitude 75° 15' 30" N., longitude 157° 30' W.] 



1 a. m. 


20. 970 


49.0 


47.8 


91 


2 a. ni. 


29. 970 


50.2 


48.8 


90 


3 a. m. 


29. 971 


51.3 


49.3 


86 


4 a. m. 


29. 975 


49.9 


48.8 


91 


5 a. m. 


29. 975 


50. 2 


48.3 


87 


G a. in. 


29. 909 


50.2 


48.3 


87 


7 a. m. 


29. 969 


40.3 


48.3 


92 


8 a. m. 


29. 969 


49.3 


48.3 


92 


9 a. ni. 


29. 971 


49.0 


4S. 9 


99 


10 a. m. 


29. 961 


4S.5 


48.4 


99 


11 a. m. 


29. 966 


48.8 


48.8 


100 


12 m. 


29. 945 


49.0 


49.0 


100 


1 p. m. 


29. 950 


49.1 


49.8 





2 p. in. 


20. 935 


49.3 


49.3 


100 


3 p. in. 


29. 930 


49.2 


49.4 




4 p. m. 


29. 925 


49.7 


49. 9 




5 p. in. 


29. 908 


50.5 


49.7 


94 


G p. m. 


29. 899 


50.7 


50.1 


94 


7 p. m. 


29. 880 


50.7 


50.1 


95 


8 p. m. 


29. K49 


51. 


50.4 


96 


9 p. ni. 


29. 832 


51.7 


5U.4 


91 


10 p. in. 


29. 819 


51.7 


50. 4 


91 


11 p.m. 


29. 799 


52. 2 


50.7 


90 


12 p. in. 


29. 788 


52. 3 


50.3 


86 



ENE. 

ENE. 
NW. 

W. 



Brisk . 

Light . 
Light . 
Light . 



Calm. 
ENE. Light . 



ENE. 
E. 

ENE. 

E. 
ESE. 

ESE. 

ESE. 

EXE. 

E. 

E. 

EXE. 

EXE. 

EXE. 
EXE. 
EXE. 
EXE. 

E. 
ESE. 



Light . 
Light . 

Light . 

Light . 
Light . 
Light . 



Light . 

Light . 

Light . 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 

Fresh 



Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Light .. 
Light... 
Light .. 



Cir. cu 
Cir. st 

Cir. st 
Cir. st 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 





2 




I 

o S 




3 







.. 3 







Hidden, 




Hidden. 




Hidden. 




H 


<U\r 


l. 





Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Lt. fog.. 




Stratus . 


10 


Lt. fog.. 


.... 


Stratus . 


10 


Dense f( 


>«!• 


Lt. fog.. 




Stratus . 


10 


Lt. fog.. 




Stratus . 


io 


Lt. log.. 




Stratus . 


iti 


Stratus 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


4 


Strains. 


r. 


Strains . 


7 


Nimbus. 


10 


Strains . 


10 


Strains . 


10 


Strains . 


10 





I) 
I) 

E..s- 
E .v 
SE.s 



5.10 



12.15 



G. 15 



8.50 

9.15 



48.0 
48.4 
48.3 
48.5 
48.4 
48.3 

48.3 
48. G 

48.1 

4S.2 
48.0 
47.8 



Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Lightrain. 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Foggy.... 

Cloudy.... 



47. S j Cloudy. . 

47.9 Cloudy.. 

48.1 | Cloudy.. 
48.0 Cloudy.. 

49.2 Cloudy.. 

49. Cloudy. . 



49.0 
49.0 
48, 
48 






Cloudy.... 

Cloudy.... 

Light Vain. 

Cloudy 

48.6 i Cloudy.... 
48.9 ! Cloudy.... 



"Light showers bitwctj observations. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 



345 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER 5, 1883. 
[■Washington time. Itnlic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 01- CO' N., longitude JG',° 47' W.] 



Hygrometer 
(corrected). 



la. 

2 a. : 

3 a. : 

4 a. : 

5 a. 

Ca. : 

7 a.: 

8 a. : 
U a. : 

10 a. 



29. 7S9 
29. 791 
29. 781 
29. 770 
29. 757 

29. 703 
29. 700 
29. 098 
29. 098 
29. 098 



11 a. m . j 29. 078 

12 m. | 29.07-2 
Ip.m.j 29.077 

2 p. m. I 29. 081 

3 p. m. ! 29. 094 

4 p. m. | 29. 707 

5 p. in. I 29. 700 
Op. id. I 29.701 

7 p. m. 29. G8G 

8 p. m. ; 29. 081 



9 p. m. j 

10 p. m. | 

11 p. m. 

12 p. m. | 



29. 081 
29. 007 
29. 059 
29. 001 



50.1 
47.2 
47.0 
40.9 
40.8 

45.8 
45. 1 
48. G 
49.0 
49.8 

48.5 

47.2 
48.4 
50.0 
50. G 

50.1 
50.0 
49.4 
49.7 
50.0 

50.3 
50.3 
50.3 
50.0 



49.1 
47.2 
47.0 
40 9 
40.8 

45.0 
45.1 
48.6 
49.0 
49.8 

48.4 
47.1 
48.2 
49.7 
50.2 

49.3 
48.9 
49.4 
49.1 
49.5 

49.0 
49.0 
49.0 
49.0 



"Wind. 



P.Ct. 
93 

100 
100 
100 
100 

9S 
100 
100 
100 
100 

99 
99 
98 
97 

95 

94 
93 
100 
96 
9G 

91 
91 
9L 
93 



ESE. 
ESE. 
E5JE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 

ESE. 
ESE. 
SE. 
ESE. 

ESE. 

SE. 
ESE. 
SE. 

SE. 
SE. 

SSE. 

SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 

ESE. 

SE. 

SE. 
SSE. 



Eight.. 
Gentle. 

Brisk.. 
Brisk.. 
Brisk . . 

Brisk.. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 

Brisk . . 

Fresli.. 
I Fresh . 
i Brisk .. 
; Brisk . . 

| Brisk.. 
! Brisk.. 

Brisk . . 
I Brisk .. 

Brisk.. 

j Brisk.. 
! Brisk.. 
! Brisk.. 
! Eresb.. 



Upper clouds. 



Lower clouds. 



Rain or 
snow. 






Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Cumulus] 3 | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
HidTlen. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Nimbus . 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus . 
Nimbus. 



O t-t 
















SB. 


SE.S 
SE.s 
SE.s 

SE.r 
SE.r 
SE.j- 
SE.r 
SE.r 

SE.r 

SE.r 

SE.s 





H2.45 



«. 10 



H ■ 



4.20 



10.25 



4.50 



10.35 



0.45 



Inch, 

02 
01 
01 



00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

!02 

'oo 

00 
00 
.01 
.01 



48.0 
47.3 
45.2 
41 
43.0 

43.0 

42.8 
43.0 
40. 8 
46.8 

47.4 
45. G 

48.1 
48.7 
49.0 

49.0 
49.2 
49.2 
49.2 
49.2 

49.2 

49.4 
49.1 

49.0 



Light rain. S. 
Li'.dit tain. S. 
Light laiu.j S. 
Light lain. S. 
Cloudy .-..ID. 

Cloudy..... D. 
Light rain. 1). 
Light rain | D. 
Light rain. A. 
Light rain | A. 



Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 

Cloudy..-. 
Light rain. 
Light vain 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy..., 

Cloudy.... 
Light Vain. 
Light rain. 



A. 
A. 
G. 
G-. 
IS. 

G. 

C. 

c. 
c. 

c. 

M. 

M. 
M. 

M. 



SEPTEMBER 6, 1SS3. 
[Latitude G4° 30' N., longitude 106° 30' W.l 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. in. 

a. m. 

7 a. m. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. in. 

12 m. 

1 p. m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. m. 

(i ]). m. 

7 ]>. in. 

8 p.m. 

9 p. in. 

10 p. m. 

11 p. m. 

12 p. in. 



29. CG2 


50.8 


49.7 1 


29. 659 


50.7 


00.1 | 


29. G48 


49.2 


49.2 i 


29. 026 


48.4 


48.4- 


29. 023 


46.8 


46.8 


29.011 


45.4 


45.4 


29. 595 


45.0 


45.0 


29. 579 


4t. 7 


44.7 


29.5.51 


45.4 


45.4 


29. 559 


40.5 


40.5 


29. 562 


47.8 


47.0 


29. 558 


48.2 


48. 1 


29. 570 


48.1 


48.0 


29. 582 


47.3 


47.0 


29. 576 


47.3 


47.0 


29. 575 


48.6 


4S.1 


29. 577 


48.8 


48.1 


29. 540 


48.2 


47.7 


29. 535 


47.0 


40.9 


29. 507 


40.0 


46.0 


29. 510 


45.9 


45. 4 


29. 507 


40.2 


45. 


29. 505 


40.2 


45.5 


29. 502 


47.0 


45.8 



92 SSE. 

96 SSE. 

100 SSE. 



SSE. 
SSE. 

SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SE. 
SE. 

SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SSE. 

SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 



90 SE. 

94 SE. 

94 : SE. 

94 ! SSE. 



Eresb... 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Gentle. 
Light . . 

Light.. 
Light . . 
Light . . 
Gentle . 
Fresh.. 

Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresli . . 
Fresli . . 
Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh. . 

Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh. 
Fresh. 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
livlden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hiddeu. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Nimbus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus- 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Strains . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 1 


Stratus . 


10 j 




























SE.s 
SE.s 
SE.S 
SE.S 



i.*45' 


12.30 


__ 

!o2 

.01 

!oi 

00 

:oT 

.01 

00 

00 

00 

00 

.01 

.02 

.01 

00 
00 
00 


49.4 
49.2 
48.7 
47.0 
4G.8 

46.0 

45.5 
44.2 
43.5 
44.8 

48.2 
48.8 
49.5 
48.5 
4S. 1 

49.5 
49.5 
48.8 
46.0 
44.7 

44.7 ! 

44.8 1 
46.2 I 
4B. 1 
















6.20 


8.30 














12.40 


















G.25 


8.45 





:::::: 



Cloudy. . S. 
Light rain '. S. 
Light r:i"j ?j 
Light rain. i S. 
Light rain. i>. 



Light rain. 
Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 
Light rain. 
Light rain. 

Light rain. 
Light rain. 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudv 

Cloudv.... 



Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Ligh train - 

Light rain. 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy . . . 



J). 
T>. 
1). 
A. 
A. 

A. 
A. 
G. 

\t 

G. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

iir. 

M. 
M. 

ir. 



1 light shower of r^in between observations. 



H. Ex. 44- 



-44 



34G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage ofilie schooner Leo, etc. — Contimicu. 



SEPTEMBER 7, 1SS3-. 
[Washington time. Italic s signifies slow ,■ r signifies nqjid. Latitude C3° 44/ N., longitude 164 c 30' W.] 




P. of. 
91 
di 

93 
93 

9+ 
100 



"Wind. 



SE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SSK. 
SSE. 

SE. 



100 


SE. 


98 


S. 


98 


SSE. 


92 


S. 


92 


S.' 


96 


S. 


9(5 


S. 


98 


S. 


96 


SSW. 


96 


SSW. 


92 


sw. 


89 


SW. 


91 


sw. 


89 


sw. 


88 


sw. 


85 


sw. 


85 


"WS"W. 



83 ! WSW. 



Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Brisk.. 

Gentle . 
Gentle. 
Gentle . 

Gentle. 
Gentle. 
Fresh.. 
Eresli.. 
Fresh. . 
Eresli.. 

Brisk.. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk.. 

Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 

Brisk . . 

Fresh-. 

Eresli . . 
Fresh . . 



Upper clouds. 



Lower clouds 



Rain or 

snow. 



IT 



Circus . .' 1 I 
Bidden. 
Hidden. 

| ' 

o I 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
| | 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Niiulms. 

Ninabus. 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Cu. str . . 
Cn.str.. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Grt. str , . 
Stratus . 
Cu. str . . 
Stratus . 



SE.s 




I) 




() 



(I 



S.s 

S.s 
S.r 
SSW.r 
SSW.r 
SW.r 
SW.r 

SW.s 
SW.s 
SW.s 
SW.s 

WSW.s 


WSW.s 



Inch 

00 
00 

00 i 
00 
CO I 



49.2 
49.0 
49. 
48.4 
40. 
45. 



8.30 .— 



4.20 





45.0 




44.8 


, — 


45.0 


00 


45. 


00 


45.2 


00 


45. 4 


00 


44.8 


00 


40.1 


00 


46. G 


, — 


46.7 


.— 


47.0 



47.0 



Cloudy... 
Cloudy. -- 
Cloudy... 

Cloudy. . . 
Cloudy. - . 
Light rain 

Light rain 
L'ght lain 
Cloud',.... 
Cloudy.. . 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Light rain . 

Cloudy... 
Cloudy ... 



00 50. Cloudy - 
00 ' 50.3 Cloud v. 



47.5 Cloudy.... C. 

48.0 ' Cloudy C. 

48.8 ; Cloudy.... SI. 

49.7 ! Cloudy. ... St. 



St 



SEPTEMBER 8,1883. 
[Latitude 63° 28' N., longitude 161° 33' W.] 



la.m. 
2 a. in. 
3a.m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 
C a. in. 

7 a. in. 

Sa. in. 
9 a. in. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 



lp.m. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. in. 
4 p. in. 
5 p. m. 
Gp. m. 

7 p. in. 

8 p. in. 
9 1). va . 

10 p. in. 
Up. in. 
12 p. m. 



2!). C22 
29. 636 
29. 042 
29. 651 
29. 052 
29. 052 



29.052 , 45.0 
2:1.051 ; 44.8 
29.049 ; 4-1.(1 
29. 004 : 43. 5 
29. 072 ; 43.8 
29.002 ! 44.0 



29. 085 
29. 086 
29. 094 
29. 708 

29.710 

29. 722 
2!). 729 
29.731 
29. 742 
29. 747 
29. 755 



47.5 


40.0 


47.2 


45. 8 


40.7 


44.8 


46. 2 


44.0 


45. 2 


43.9 


45. 


44.0 



43.0 
43.0 
42.8 
43.3 



45. ; 43. 8 
45.8 45.0 
47.0 ' 45.5 

46. ! 44. 7 
40.7 I 44.7 



40.0 
47.0 
48.0 
45. 8 
45.0 
45. 1 



44.0 
45. 
44.9 
44.5 
43. 5 
45.1 



87 


W\ 


Gentle. 


89 


w. 


Gentle . 


85 


"W. 


Gentle. 


87 


w r . 


Gentle . 


89 


WSW. 


Light.. 


92 


WSW. 


Gentle. 


92 


WSW. 


Gentle. 


91 


WSW. 


Gentle 


90 


WSW. 


(ientlc. 


95 


WSW. 


Gentle. 


02 


sw. 


Gentle . 


94 


SAT. 


Gcntle. 


99 


SW. 


Gentle. 


91. 


sw. 


Gentle. 


93 


sw. 


(ientlc. 


98 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


90 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


81 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


84 


sw. 


Fresh. . 


85 


sw. 


Fresh . . 


77 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


90 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


98 


sw. 


Fresh.. 


84 


SSW. 


Light . . 







nidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

i o ! 



o j o I 

1 

o I 

Hidden. 
Hidden . 
Cumulus! 2 | 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

I | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

! °l 

! o-| 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus 


8 


Stratus . 


8 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


8 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Cumulus 


6 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


9 


Cu. str.. 





Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


















SW.s 



c to- „ 512.20! 
SW " S }12.40< 
SW.s 



SW.s 

SW.r 
SW.r 

SW.r 

SW.s 
SW.s 
SW.s 

SW.r 

sw.,- 

SS W.s 



2. 10 



12.23 

1.50 
2.30 



9.40 
'10.15 



00 


50.2 


00 


50.4 


oo 


50.4 


00 


50. G 


00 


50. 4 


00 


50.3 


00 


50.4 


00 


50.4 


00 


00.5 


60 


50.2 


00 


50.3 


00 


50.8 





50.7 


01 


51.0 




51.0 i 


_ 


51.1 i 


— 


50.9 1 


— 


49.0 


00 


50.7 j 


00 


50. 5 | 


00 


50.4 


— 


4S.6 





50. 


00 


50. 



Cle.-.ulv. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy- 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair ... 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloud v- 
Cloudy. 
Cloud v. 



Light rain. G. 



Cloudy 

Cloud v 

Fair .' 

Light rain- 
Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Clondy. .. 
Light rain. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 



G. 

G. 

Ct. 

c. 

M. 

M. 

M. 
M. 
SE 

M, 

ax. 



* Light showers at short intervals. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



347 



Meteorological record of ihe voyage of 1he schooner Leo, dr. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER !), 1883. 
[Washington time. Italic s signifies slow t r signifies rapid. Latitude GC 28' N, longitude 101° 33' W.] 



M 


& 

u 
% 

a 

o 
rt 

aj 

o 

c 


Hygrometer 
(corrected). 


a 

<0 
© 


"Wind. 


Upper clouds. 


Lower elonds. 


Rain or 

snow. 




a .■ 
a 

ori 



- © 
3 3 

< 


-a 

u 




-■3 . 


j State of weather. 




Z> 

tr. 

H 


"3 
^> 
■■»> 

R 


-2 


o 

o 

o 

3 


•6 

a 


a 


m 
o 


a 
3 

o 

4 


IT 
«i 

o bo 

S.9 

R 


i> 


o 

c 
3 


a o 
.2 ■" 


o 

© 

3 
o 
O 


5 


■n 

-3 

D 




29. 759 
29. 702 
29. 769 
29. 769 
29. 769 
29. 7G9 

29. T. r .G 
29.890 

29. 7 n 

29. G89 
29. 680 

29. G39 

29. 630 
29. 620 

20. 589 
29. 572 
29. 544 
29.517 

29. 484 
29. 45G 
29.413 
29. 383 
29. 370 
29. 345 


4-1. 2 
42. C 

42. 3 
41.1 
40. 2 
40. S 

40. S 
41.0 
42.0 
43.0 
43.0 

43. -1 

45.0 
45. 
45.2 
45.4 
4G. 
46.7 

47.0 
47. 
47.3 
48.0 
48.3 
48.0 


42. S 
41. S 
41.3 
40.3 
39.4 
29. 8 

39. S 
40.0 
41.3 
41.4 

41.3 
41. S 

43.0 
43.1 
43.2 

44.0 
44.0 
45.7 

41.5 
1 1. G 
41. G 
45. (i 
45.3 
45.0 


P.ct. 
87 
93 
91 
92 
92 
91 

ill 
91 
89 
87 
86 
87 

84 
So 

84 
89 
84 
92 

81 
82 
SO 
78 

78 
78 


ssw. 
ssw. 

SSE. 
SSE. 

SSW. 

s. 

ESE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 

SE. 
BE. 

SE. 
SIC. 
SE. 
SE. 

SE. 
SE. 
SSE. 

SSE. 
SSE. 
bSE. 


Light.. 
Light.. 
Gentle. 

Gentle. 
Light.. 

Light.. 

Light.. 
Gentle. 
Gentle. 
Gentle 

(ientle 
Gentle. 

Gentle. 
Gealle. 
Gentle 
Fresh.. 
Fresh. . 
Fresh. . 

Fresh.. 
Fresh. . 
Fresh.. 
Brisk . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 


Hidden. 
| 


! 

Hidden. 

» 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 


Stratus 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus. 
Strains . 

Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Strains . 
Stratus 


10 
10 
10 

K 

5 
10 

6 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 













SSE. 




° 




SE.r 
SE.r 

SE s 
SE g 
SSE.* 
SSE.s 
SSE r 
SE.r 






Inch. 
00 
(it) 
00 
00 
00 


50. 
50.1 
50. 1 
50. 
50. 2 


Cloudy 

(fair .'. 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair 

Cloudy.... 

Fair 

Cloudy — 
Cloudy... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy .. 
Light rain. 
Light rain 
Light, rain. 
Cloudy. . . 
Light lain. 

Light rain 
Light rain 
Cloudy. . . 
Cloudy. - - 
Cloudy. .. 
Cloud \ 


S. 


1 11. 111. 






S. 


2 V. 111. 






s. 


3 a. in. 






SI, 


4 a. in. 






1). 


a a. in. 






00 ; 50.3 

00 :n- 2 
id 50.0 
I'll 5H.2 
ml 50. 
00 50.3 
ID 50.1 


I) 


C a. in. 
7 a. in. 

S u. l;i. 

!l a. in. 
1(1 a. in. 
31 a. in. 








T). 
Ii. 
A. 

i: 


12 in. 

1 p. in. 

2 p. in. 

:; p. in. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 

6 p. in. 

7 p. m. 

S p. i.i. 

9 p. in. 

10 p. in. 

11 p. in. 

12 p. in. 






1.20 

5. 25 


...... 

"4.26' 

i 


00 

!oi 

.01 

!oi 

.in 
.01 

'00 
•in 
00 


50. 1 
50. 
50. 2 
50.1 
50. 1 
50. 

50. 1. 
50. 1 

5(1. 1 
50. 11 
50. 1 

50. 1 


(";. 
c 

(r. 

1;. 

Cr. 
(r. 

St. 

M. 
M. 
M. 

Si. 
M. 



NOTE.— 2.45 a. m. two meteors observed passing from Cygnus to Lyra. 



SEPTEMBER 10,1883. 
[Latitude 63° 28' X.. longitude 161° 3:;' TV.] 



1 n. 


in. 


29. 324 


2d. 


111. 


29. 299 


3 a. 


111. 


29. 272 


4 a 


m. 


29. 227 


5 a 


m. 


29. 195 


6 a. 


in. 


29. 156 


7a 
Sa 


111. 
in. 


29. 110 
29. 0GC 



9 a. in. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. 111. 

12 ni. 



29. 052 
29. 032 
29. 005 
28. 978 



1 p. in. : 28. 9S3 

2 p. 111. : 28.980 

3 p. 111. 28. 991 

4 p. 111. 28.991 

5 p.m. 28.99(1 

6 p.m. I 28.99G 



.7 p. m. j 
8 p.m. j 
9]). 111. 
10 p. in. 
11p.m. I 
12 p m. 



28. 995 

28. 992 
28. 984 
'.8.981 
28. 990 



47.5 


4e.o 


47.0 


44.8 


45.0 


44.0 


45. 5 


44.3 


45.5 


44.3 


45.0 


44.3 


44.0 


43.0 


43. 5 


42. G 


1 43.1 


42.1 


43. S 


42. 3 


45. 5 


4::.5 


' 40.0 


43. 8 


47.0 


44.:: 


47.7 


45.5 


48.(1 


46.3 


j 48.0 


46.3 


51.0 


48.6 


1 51.0 


47.5 


52.3 


48.1 


! 51.0 


49.2 


; 51.7 


4S.0 


! 50. s 


48. 2 


49.0 


47. 5 


48.3 

i 


4G.8 ! 



89 
84 
92 
90 
90 
95 

9G 
93 
92 
SS 
84 
83 

79 
S3 
S7 
87 
81 
7G 

82 
92 
85 
87 
89 
89 



ESE. 
SE. 
SSE. 
SE. 

SE. 
SE. 

SE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 
ESE. 

SE. 

SSE. 

SSE. 
SSE. 
SSE. 

SSE. 

s. 
ssw. 

ssw. 

SSAY. 

SSW. 

SSW. 
SW\ 
SSE. 



Fresh.. 
Fresh. . 
High ..' 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 

High .. 
High .. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 
Brisk.. 
Frisk . . 

Liisk.. 
Brisk . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh., 
(ientle. 
Gentle. 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

I! idden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 


Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Gentle. Cir.Cu -1 1 
Gentle, i Hidden. 

Gentle. I Cirrus ..' 2 1 
Gentlo. Hidden. 

Light.. Cirrus -- : 1 ] 
Light.. Hidden. 



Nimbus.! 10 
Stratus. 10 
Nimbus | 10 
Stratus .1 10 
Stratus. I 10 
Ninibir 



Nimbus 
Nimbus 
Nimbus 
Nimbus 

Stratus . 



Stratus. 10 



Stratus . 
Stratus. 
Slratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus -i 10 
Stratus. 10 



Stratus . 
Stratus .! 
Cumulus 
Stratus . 
Stratus .; 
Nimbus. 






12. 45 






5li. (I 







1.30 


.01 


co.o ! 





2.20 




. — 


50. 2 







3.35 


.01 


50.1 









00 


49.8 

49.8 





5.10 











.01 


49.7 
49.6 
49.4 







. 









.02 









.01 


49. 11 








10. 10 


. — 


48. 8 


SSE.s 






00 


49.2 


SSE* 






00 


49. 2 


SSE.s 







00 


49.2 


SSE.s 






00 


49.4 


SSE.s 







00 


49.5 


SSE.s 






CO 


49. G 









00 
00 


49.4 

48.7 


SSW.s 






SSW.s 






00 


IS. 2 


SSW.s 






co 


48.6 


SSU'.x 






00 


48. 5 


SSW.S 







00 


48.7 


SSW.s 


11.50 




"~ 


48. G 



Light rain. A. 
Cloudy. .. j A. 
.1 i._ht 1 am A. 
Cloudy... A. 

Cloudy.- . : A. 

Light rain. I A. 



Light rain. 
Light rain. 

1 i,,li f ra.si. 
Light rain. 

Cloudy. - - 
Cloudy. -- 

Cloudy. .. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy. .. 
Cloudy... 
Cloudy — 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy..-. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Light iain. 



A. 
A. 
M. 
Jl. 

jr. 
si. 

sr. 
si. 

A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

G. 
G. 

(1. 

Cr. 
(1. 
G. 



348 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW. ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dr. — Continued. 



SEPTEMBER 11, -1883. 
[Washington time. Italic * signifies slow ; r signifies rapid. Latitude 03° 28' N., longitude 1C1° 33' W.J 



Hygrometer 
(corrected). 



Wind 



Fpper cloud?. 



Lower clouds. 



iiam or 
snow. 



rr ! c 



c- 




O 


1 a. 


111. 


20. 005 


2 a. 


m. 


29.011 


3 a. 


ra. 


29.013 


4 a. 


m. 


29. 014 


5 a. 


m. 


29. 015 


Ca. 


ra. 


29. 022 


7 a. 


m. 


29. 038 


8 a. 


m. 


29. 053 


9 a, 


m. 


29. C68 


10 a. 


ra. 


29. 085 


11a. 


ra. 


29. 104 


12 m 




29. 131 


lp. 


m. 


29.173 


2 p. 


m. 


29. 193 


3 p. 


m. 


29. 220 


4 p. 


m. 


29. 235 


5 p. 


m. 


29. 207 


Cp 


m. 


29. 280 


7 v- 


ra. 


29. 275 


8 p. 


m. 


29. 330 


9 p. 


m. 


29. 335 


10 p. 


ra. 


29. 350 


lip. 


m. 


29. 370 


12 p. 


ra. 


29. 383 






48.0 
47.7 
47.3 
47.0 
46.3 
45.0 

45.3 
45.0 
45.0 
40. 
40.2 
40.1 

45.8 

45. 
■15.2 
40.2 
45.2 
45.0 

45.0 
45.0 
44.5 
44.7 
44.3 
44.0 



48.0 
47.6 
47.0 
47.0 
45.8 
45.3 

45.2 

45.0 
45.0 
45.9 
40. 1 
45.9 

45.0 
44.5 
44.7 
45.2 
44.5 
45.0 

44.5 
44.5 
43.0 
43.7 
43.4 
43.3 



P.ct. 

100 
99 
98 

100 
E0 
98 

99 
100 
100 

so 

99 

98 

98 
90 
90 
92 
96 
100 

96 
96 
88 
92 
92 
94 



SE. Light. 

SE. Light. 

ENE. Light. 

ENE. Light . 

Calm. 

SE. I Light. 



SSW. 

sw. 

SAY. 
SW. 

wsw. 

sw. 

sw. 

sw. 

sw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 

WNW. 

wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 
wsw. 

sw. 

sw. 



Light.. 
Gentle 
Gentle . 
Gentlo 
Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Gentlo 
Gentlo . 
Light.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Brisk . . 
Fresh.. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 
Brisk.. 
Brisk.. 



2 


t> 






a 


a I 


a 


ra 


-u> 


§8 



O 

a 


8* 


« 


« 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

I | 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 

I | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden, 
nidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



a I 
si 



Nimbus 

Nimbus 
Nimbus 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
j Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
I Nimbus. 
: Nimbus. 
j Stratus . 
1 Nimbus. 

Stratus . 

' Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
| Stratus . 
I Nimbus. 
i Nimbus. 

Cu. st... 
! Cu. st... 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 



10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 



9 

10 
10 

10 i 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 















SW.s 
SW.r 
SW.r 

SW.r 
SW.r 

SW.r 

W.s 

W.s 



W.s 
W.s 



WSW.J 

SW.s 

SW.s 



9.20 
10.40 
'11.20 

12.15 



4.45 



8.45 

iofio' 



2.40 



6.15 



9.20 
11.30 



Inch 




.01 


48.5 




48.0 


, — 


48.5 


.01 


48.3 


. — 


48.2 


.01 


48.2 


.01 


48.5 


. — 


48.5 


.01 


48.5 


. — 


48.5 


.01 


48.7 


.01 


48.9 


.01 


49.0 


.— 


49.0 


. — 


49.0 


.00 


49.0 


. 


49.0 


■— 


49.2 


t 


49.0 


.00 


49.3 


, — 


48.8 


. — 


48.8 


.01 


48.7 




48.6 



Light r.iin. 
Light rain. 
Light' rain. 
Light rain 
Light rain. 



Light rain.' S. 

Light rain, j G. 
Lightrain I G. 
Light rain.j G. 
Cloudy.... I G. 
Lightrain. I G. 
Cloudy.... G. 

Lightrain., D. 
Light rain. I D. 

Fair | D. 

Cloudy....) D. 
Lightrain.) L. 
Lightrain. L. 

Cloud v.... L. 
Cloudy....] L. 
Lightrain. M. 
Cloudy.... M. 
Light rain. I M. 
Cloudv.,.. M. 



SEPTEMBER 12, 1883. 



[Latitude 03° 48' N., longitudo 161° 12' W.] 



1 a, m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 

a. m. 

7 a. in. 

8 a, m. | 

9 a, m. 

10 a. ra. 

11 a. ra. ! 

12 m. 

1 p. m. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. in. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 

6 p. in. 

7 p. in. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. m. 

10 p. ra. 

11 p. m. 

12 p. in. 



29. 391 


43.8 


43.4 


97 


29. 400 


43.6 


43.4 


98 


29.418 


44.0 


43.7 


98 


29. 434 


43.7 


43.6 


99 


29.44S 


42.8 


42.6 


93 


29. 452 


43.2 


43.1 


99 


29. 455 


43.4 


43.8 


99 


29. 480 


43.0 


42.8 


98 


29. 490 


44.6 


44.6 


109 


29.510 


45.0 


44.8 


98 


29. 532 


45.0 


44.8 


98 


29. 555 


45. 2 


44.6 


95 


29. 5S3 


45. (I 


43.6 


89 


29.002 


45. 5 


43.3 


84 


29. 621 


45.1 


43.1 


81 


29. 628 


45.2 


42.8 


81 


29. 052 


45. 3 


44.0 


88 


29. 659 


45.5 


41.0 


83 


29. 676 


45.0 


44.0 


92 


29. 671 


40.0 


44.0 


S4 


2'.). 678 


40.0 


43.0 


77 


29.081 


40.0 


42.7 


75^ 


29. 683 


45. 8 


42. S 


77 


29. 085 


40.0 


42.8 


7G 



SW. 

SW. 

SSW. 

S. 

SSW. 
SSW. 

SSW. 

sw. 

sw. 

sw. 

wsw. 

WNW. 

NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 

NW. 
NW. 

WNW. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW. 



Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 
nigh .. 
High .. 
High .. 
High .. 

High .. 

Bus!:.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Gentlo . 

Fresh.. 

Fresh..' 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Bidden, 
nidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

nidden. 
Bidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Cir. cu..| 1 
Cir. cu.. 2 
Cir. cu..| 1 

Hidden. 
Cir. cu 



Light 



« Cir. st .. 



) Cir. cu. 
Light.. Cir. st . 
Fresh.. Cir. st . 
Cir. st. . 



Fresh 

Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 



Cir. cu. 
Cir. st . 



Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Nimbns. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Cumulus 


9 



Strains .1 7 
Stratus.' 9 
10 
6 

4 
4 



Cu. 




Cu. 


st... 


]Ci 


. st.. 


Cn. 


st... 


Cu. 


st... 


Cu. 


st... 


Cu. 


St... 


Stratus . 


Cu. 


St... 














W.s 


NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 

NW.s 

NW.s 










NW.s 




1 

12. 15 





















































ii."2o" 





















































].... 







01 


48.7 


Light rain. 


S. 


01 


48. G 


Lightrain. 


S. 


02 


48.6 


Lightrain. 


s. 


01 


48.5 


Light rain. 


s 


03 


48.5 


Light rain 


B\ 


02 


48.5 


Light rain . 


1>. 


01 


48.5 


Lightrain. 


J)? 


01 


48.4 


Light rain . 


L\ 


01 


48.0 


Lightrain. 


A. 


— 


48.8 


Lightrain. 


A. 


01 


49.0 


Lightrain. 


A. 


— 


48. G 


Cloudy 


A. 


00 


48.6 


Cloud v 


G. 


00 


49.1 


Cloud v — 


G. 


00 


49.0 


Cloudy 


G. 


00 


49.0 


Cloudy 


G. 


00 


49.0 


Cloud \-.... 


L. 


00 


49.4 


Cloudy.... 


L. 


00 49. 2 


Fair 


l! 


00 


49.4 


Fair 


l: 


00 


49.0 


Fair 


M. 


00 


49.0 


Fair 


M. 


00 


48.9 


Cloudy.... 


M. 


00 


49.0 


Fair 


M. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAH HOW, ALASKA. 



M9 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dc. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBEK 13, 188:.'.. 
[Washington time. Italic s signifies slow; ■>• signifies rapid. Latitude 01° 15' ST.. Iongitu«le 102° 20' \V.] 







Hygrometer 




"Wind. 


c- 


o 


(corrected). 


>> 




V 


e 

o 






•5 




















<u 
















,a 






a 




















o 
c 


u 

V 


j3 


45 


<D 


a 








>, 


+3 




<v 


a 


H 


o 
O 


P 


t 


W 


p 


w 










P. cl. 






1 a. m. 


29. 697 


45.0 


42.8 


8L 


NW. 


Fresli.. 


2 a. in. 


29. 700 


45. 2 


42.8 


80 


WNW. 


Fresh.. 


3 a. in. 


29. 708 


45. 2 


42.8 


80 


WNW. 


Gentle . 


4 a. ra. 


20.715 


45.1 


42.7 


80 


WNW. 


Gentle . 


5 a. in. 


29.715 


45. 1 


42.7 


80 


WSW. 


Geutlo . 


13 a. ni. 


29. 729 


45.0 


42.0 


80 


wsvr. 


Gentle. 


7 a. in. 


29. 707 


44.8 


42.4 


80 


wsw. 


Light.. 


8 a. m. 


29. 099 


44. 5 


42.2 


81 


w. 


Gentle . 


'.! it. m. 


29. 072 


44.0 


42.0 


84 


wsw. 


Gentle. 


in a. in. 


29. 057 


41!. 5 


42. 3 


90 


WSW. 


G en tie . 


11 a. m. 


29. 642 


43. 


41.6 


88 


WSW. 


Fresh. . 


12 m. 


29. 022 


43.0 


41.3 


80 


SW. 


G on tie . 


1 p. m. 


29. 621 


4:1. 


42.8 


99 


SW. 


Fresh.. 


2 p. ni. 


29. 013 


43.0 


41.0 


S3 


WSW. 


Fresh.. 


3 p. in. 


29. 5! 17 


42.9 


41.5 


88 


¥SW. 


Fresh . . 


A p. m. 


29. 575 


43.0 


41.5 


87 


WSW. 


Fresh.. 


5 p. in. 


29. 565 


43.0 


42.0 


92 


ssw. 


Gentle. 


6 p. in. 


29. 557 


43.0 


42.0 


92 


ssw. 


Gentle. 


7 p.m. 


29. 520 


43.5 


42.5 


92 


ssw. 


Light.. 


8 ji. in. 


29. 480 


43.5 


42.0 


88 


SSE. 


Gentle . 


p. in. 


29. 400 


43.0 


40. 5 


79 


SSE. 


Light.. 


10 p. in. 


29.411 


43.7 


42.0 


80 


SE. 


Gentle. 


11 p. m. 


29. 421 


43.8 


41.8 


84 


NE. 


Fresh . . 


12 p. in. 


29. 414 

■ 


4,2 


40.5 


SS 


NNE. 


Gentle. 



Upper clouds. 



s a 





02 





















a 




-*^ 




a 


n3 


s 


a 


1 


Cir. st . . 


2 


Cir. st . . 


4 


Cir. cu . . 


3 


Cirrus . . 


1 









R 



Hidden. 







Hidden 
Hidden 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 




























Lower clouds. 



Lain or 
snow. 





IT. 




.a 

















a 








4^ 




a 










a 


3 


\4 


«t 


Cu. & st. 


6 


Stratus . 


.> 


Stratus . 


6 


Stratns . 


4 


Stratus . 


8 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stral us . 





Stratus . 


3 


Stratns . 


9 


Nimbus. 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus . 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratns . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


9 


Cu. st... 


9 


Cu. st... 


7 


Stratus . 


g 


Cu. st... 


2 


Stratus . 


6 


Cu. st... 


3 


Stratus . 





Slratus - 


9 



a 1 



■2£ 

s t* 






















WSH'.S 
WSW.* 
SS W.s 
SSW.s 

SSW.s 

SSE.s 



S.s 



NE.s 



NE.s 

NNE.s 



5.15 






6.50 






9. 45 


16.35 


12, 40 





5.40 



11.25 



2.45 



11.58 



Inch. 
00 
00 
00 

0.1 

00 
.01 

.01 
00 
00 

!oi 

00 



48.8 
48.7 
48.9 
49.0 
49.3 
49.3 

49.3 
49.5 
49. 3 
49.2 
48.9 
48.8 

49.0 
48.8 
48.5 
48.8 
49.0 
49.2 

49.0 
49.2 

49.2 

49.3 

49.2 
49.2 



Cloudy.... 

Fair 

Cloudy 

Fair .. 

Cloudy 

Light'rain. 

Fair 

Clear 

Cloudy.... 
Light rain. 
Cloudy.... 
Cloudy 

Light rain. 
Light rain. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Light rain. 

Light rain. 
Cloudy..-. 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 



SEPTEMBER 14, 1883. 
[Latitude 62° 57' ST., longitude 168° 10' W.] 



1 a. m. 


29. 419 


43.0 


42.0 


92 


NE. 


Fresh.. 


2 a. m. 


29. 422 


43.2 


42.1 


91 


NE. 


Freeh. . 


3 a. 111. 


29. 422 


43.0 


41.0 


83 


NE. 


Brisk . . 


4 a. 111 . 


29.411 


42.3 


39.4 


82 


NNE. 


Brisk . . 


5 a. in. 


29.415 


41. 1 


39.2 


82 


N. 


Brisk.. 


6 a. 111. 


29. 395 


41.1 


39.2 


82 


NNE. 


Brisk.. 


7 a. 111. 


29. 395 


40.3 


36.3 


82 


NNE. 


Brisk . . 


8 a 111. 


29. 395 


40. 5 


38.7 


S3 


NNE. 


Brisk.. 


9 a, m. 


29. 398 


40.2 


38.0 


81 


NNE. 


Brisk . . 


10 a. m. 


29. 393 


40.2 


38.0 


81 


NNE. 


Brisk.. 


11 a. in. 


29. 391 


39.0 


37.3 


84 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


12 111. 


29. 394 


39.0 


30.8 


80 


NNW. 


Brisk .. 


1 p.m. 


29. 386 


39. 1 


38.5 


'95 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


2 p. m. 


29. 391 


38.8 


33.4 


96 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


3 p. in. 


29. 395 


39.0 


38.5 


95 


NNW. 


Brisk:.. 


4 }>. ill. 


29. 383 


39. 3 


38. C 


94 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


5 p. ni. 


29. 383 


41.0 


40.0 


91 


NNW. 


Brisk.. 


(1 p. 111. 


29. 375 


40.5 


39.0 


87 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


7 p. m. 


29. 362 


41.5 


40.5 


91 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


8 p. 111. 


29. 366 


44.0 


43.0 


92 


NNW. 


Brisk.. 


9 p. lu. 


29. 351 


39.5 


38.0 


86 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


10 p.m. 


29. 347 


39.2 


37.7 


80 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


1! p.m. 


29. 336 


40.0 


38. 


82 


• NNW. 


Brisk.. 


12 p. in. 


29. 336 


39.2 


39.2 


86 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 



Hidden. 



Cir. cu 


.. 


2 





























































































H 




ddei 



Hidden. 

! I 

i°! 

Hidden. 





Cirrus . 









1 





Hidden. 



Nimbus 


10 


Stratus . 


7 


Stratus . 


2 


Stratus . 


1 


Stratus . 


1 




















Stratus . 


3 


Stratus . 


5 


Stratus . 


5 


Cumulus 


4 - 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratns . 


10 


Cu. st... 


5 


Cu. st. .. 


7 


Cu.st... 


10 


Cu. st... 


9 


Stratus . 


6 


Nimbus. 


9 


Cu.st... 


6 


Nimbus. 


10 



112.40 

NE.r 1 1.45 















NNW.) 
NNAV.r 

NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 

NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 



8.45 
9.50 



11.50 



8.55 
10.15 





49.8 


.01 


48.7 


00 


48.0 


00 


47.9 


00 


47.3 


00 


47.0 


00 


46.5 


00 


46.3 


00 


45. 8 


00 


42.5 


00 


41.0 


00 


39.6 


00 


40.5 


00 


41.0 


00 


42.1 


00 


42.1 


00 


41.2 


00 


40.8 


00 


41.0 


00 


42.0 


. — 


41.8 


, — 


42.1 


— 


42. 5 


.01 


43.2 



Light rain 
Cloudy... 

Clear." 

Clear 

Clear 

Clear.... - 

Clear 

Clear 

Clear 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair . 

Cloudy... 
Cloudy — 
Cloudy... 

Cloudy 

Fair , 

Fair 

Cloudy... 
Cloudy. . . 

Fair 

Light rain 

Fair 

Light vain 



350 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAIIPOW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, c£'C. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER 15, 1883. 
["Washington time. Italic s signilies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 50° !)' N., longitude 169° 33' W.] 



Hygrometer 
: (corrected). 



1 a. in. j 29. 339 
•29. 34 C 



3 a. in. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. in. 
a. in. 



29. 330 
29.348 
29. 328 
29. D31 



7 a. in. 29.341 

Sa. to. 29.349 

9 a. in: 2a. 359 

30 a. in. 29. 336 

11 a. in. 29.329 

12 m. I 29.357 

lli. in. 29.3S4 

2 ]i.in. 29.384 

3 p. in. ! 29. 434 

4 p.m. 29.413 

5 p. in 29.417 
p. in. 29. 429 




39. 8 
40.0 
39.7 
39. 5 
39. 3 
39. 

39. 
38.4 
37.0 
3.-. 
38. 5 
38.2 

37.0 
30. 8 
30. 3 
37.0 
38. (i 
40.0 

39.0 
38. 
38. 5 

38. 5 
38. 
38.0 



Wind. 



38.0 
38. G 
38.7 
38. G 
38.3 
3S.2 

38. 1 
37.5 

30. 5 

37. 

38. 3 
38.0 

30. 9 
30. 
30.2 
30. G 

37. 5 

39. 



P. Ct. 

89 

87 
91 
92 
91 
92 



Upper clouds. 



I S 



KXW. 

NSW. 
NX'W. 
NNW. 

-XXW. 



91 I KXW, 



NNW 

KNW. 

nnw. 

NNW. 

MfW. 



99 | NNW. 

98 SNW. 

99 j NNW. 

90 XMV. 
95 ' MW. 

91 I NNW. 



38.0 ] 


91 


XXff. 


.37.0 1 


90 


njtw 


37. 8 


31 


NNW 


37.0 


86 


NNW. 


30. 


81 


MW 


36.0 ] 


81 


NN¥ 



Brisk 
High. 
High. 
High. 

High. 
High. 

High. 

High. 

High. 

High 

High. 

nigh. 

High. 
High. 
High. 
Ga'lo . 
Gale . 
Galo . 

Gale . 
High. 
High. 

High. 
High. 
High. 



Lower clouds. 



! 
Hidden. 
Cirrus ..( 2 | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hiddeu. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Hidden. 
| | 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

10 1 
10 



Stratus . 
SI rat us . 
Stratus - 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus . 
Stratus . 
Cu. st... 
Cu. st .. 

Cu. st... 
Cu. st. .. 
Nimbus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 



.2.5 



Bain or 
snow. 



i'XW'.r 


XXW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 



10 ] BfW.r 



NXAV 



ffifW.? 
NNAY.r 

Nsrw.r 

IWW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 

mnvj 

NNff.f 
SSW.! 
HHW r .j 
NNW.S 
NNW.s 



8. 30 



8.50 



p- 




o 




a . 




™ fc 




u c 








e*-i x 








ft* 


p 






3 d 
c N 


1 










< 


rjl 



12.30 



9.55 



Inch. 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

.01 
00 
00 



3.40 | .— 
00 
00 



9.00 



00 
00 



43.7 
43. G 
43.7 
43. 5 
43. 5 
43. 8 



Fair 

Cloudy... 

Cloudy.-. 
Cloudy..: 
Cloudy. . . 
Cloudy... 



I: 

! s. 

s. 

u. 
' J). 



44.0 ; Cloudy.... D. 

44.1 Cloudy.... V. 
44.3 : Light tain A. 
43.8 Cloudy... A. 
id. 5 Cloudy... . A. 

43.2 I Cloudy.... A. 



43.0 
43.1 
43.1 
43. 
42.5 
43.0 

43. 5 
42.9 
42.3 

41.8 
41. G 
41.7 



Cloudy.... G. 

Cloudy... (r. 
Lightsnow G. 

Cloudy (r. 

Cloudy L. 

Cloudy L. 

Cloudy.... L. 

Cloudy 1,. 

Lightsnow M. 

Cloudy M. 

Cloudy.... SI. 

Cloudy 11. 



SEPTEMBER 10, 1883. 
[Latitude 55° 59' N., longitude 107° 18' W.] 



1 a. in. 

2 a. in. 

3 a. in. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 
G a. in. 



29. 500 
29.517 
29. 530 
29. 543 
29. 556 
29. 5G0 



7 a. m. , 29. 570 

Ha. in. I 29.573 

9 a. in. ! 29.551 

10 a. m. ; 29.501 

11a. in. 29.570 

32 in. 29.590 



1 p. in. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. m. 

4 p in. 

5 p. ni. 
G p. in. 

7 p.m. 

8 p. m. 
'.i p. m. 

30 p.m. 

31 p.m. 
12 p.m. 



29. 004 
■20. 022 
29. C17 
29. 025 
29. 025 
29. 627 

29. 090 
29. 707 
29. 702 
29. 727 
29. 746 
29. 750 



37.7 


30.1 


85 


NN"W. 


High... 


37.9 


30.2 


84 


SSff. 


High... 


38.0 


30. 2 


83 


NNAV. 


High... 


38 7 


30.7 


81 


nnw. 


High... 


37.7 


35. S 


82 


Off. 


High... 


37.0 


35. 3 


83 


XX W. 


High... 


30. 8 


34.8 


SI 


MfW. 


High... 


37.4 


35. 5 


82 


x.wv. 


High... 


38. 


36. 3 


84 


NNW. 


High... 


37. 5 


35.9 


85 


NX 'A. 


High... 


37. 5 


35. 9 


85 


NSW. 


Higli . . . 


37.8 


3G. 3 


8G 


NW. 


High... 


37.4 


3G. 4 


90 


X1T. 


High... 


3S.4 


30.4 


81 


NW. 


Brisk ,. 


39.5 


37.3 


80 


NW". 


Brisk . . 


40. 


37.2 


74 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


40.0 


38. 


82 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


40. 


38. 5 


80 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


41.0 


38.3 


70 


NW. 


Brisk .. 


41.5 


39. 3 


82 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


41. G 


38. 8 


73 


NW. 


Brisk .. 


42. 


39. 


74 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


42.0 


39.0 


74 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


41.9 


38.9 


74 


NW. 


Brisk .. 





! 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
| | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Cu. st... 

Cu. st. . . 
Cu. st... 
Stratus . 
Cu. st... 
Cu. st... 
Cu. st... 



NNAv".r 
NNAV.r 
NNAV.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 

NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.r 
NNW.s 
NW.s 

NW.s 
NW.s 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 

NW.r 
NW.r 

NW.s 
NW.s 
KW.s 
NW.s 



41. S 
41.5 
41. G 
41.4 
41.7 



00 j 41.7 
00 I 41.6 



00 
00 

to 

00 



t.- 



41.0 
41.4 
41.5 

41.2 
43.0 



Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloud v 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy. 



Light snow A. 



K— : 43.5 I Cloudy 



i. — : 4 4.0 

00 I 44. 9 

t. — ; 45. 4 

00 ; 45.2 Cloudy. 

00 i 45. G Cloudy 



Cloudy . 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 



, 40. 

45. 7 


45.8 


44.8 


46.0 


-45. 2 


44.8 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy . 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 



"'I 



<G. 
G-. 

g: 

L. 
L. 

L. 

\k. 

M. 

|m. 

M. 



Light snow at intervals. 



t Suow squalls at intervals. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT 15 AlJItOW, ALASKA. 



351 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, d:c. — Continued. 



SEPTEMBER 17, 1S8B. 
| Washington time. Italic s signifies slow,- r signifies rapid. Latitude 54° 24' X., longitude ICC 20' ~W.] 



Bain or 

snow. 



1 a. 


m. 


29. 773 


'J a. 


m. 


29. 787 


:sa. 


m. 


29. 80S 


4 a. 


in. 


29.821 


5 a. 


in. 


29. 823 


a. 


m. 


29. 835 


7 a. 


in. 


29. 823 


8 a. 


in. 


29. SIS 


9 a. 


in. 


29. 811 


10 a. 


m. 


29. 783 


11 a. 


m. 


29. 783 


12 m 




29. 773 


1 1' 


m. 


29. 78.') 


" 1» 


m. 


29. 778 


3p 


in. 


29. 775 


4p 


m. 


29. 7G5 


5 p 


in. 


29. 742 


Cp 


m. 


29. 757 


"l> 


m. 


29. 757 


Bp 


m. 


29. 752 


Op. 


m. 


29. 73G 


10 p. 


m. 


29. 737 


lip. 


m. 


29. 745 


12p. 


ni. 


29. 747 








c 




a ,• 








So 






(h 










C3 


a 


O 


* 










=3 S 


CJ 






a 




«i 


cc 


Inch. 


j 


00 


44.2 


00 


44.3 


00 


44.4 


00 


44.4 


00 


44.5 


00 


44. C 


00 


44. 2 


00 


44.0 


00 


43.8 


00 


43.8 ! 


00 


44.0 


00 


43.7 


00 


43.8 


00 


43.8 


00 


44.7 


00 


44.6 


00 


45. 


00 


43. 3 


00 


45.3 


00 


45.8 


00 


45.0 


00 


45.0 


00 


45.8 ' 


00 


44.7 



Cloudy. 
ClondV. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair ... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy . 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Pair .-- 

Cloudy. 



Fail- 
Fair 

Fail- 
Fair 
Fair 
Fair 



S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 
I). 

D. 

I). 
1). 
A. 

A. 
A. 
A. 

G. 
G. 
G. 



L. 
L. 

L. 
L. 

jsr. 

M. 
M. 
M. 



SEPTEMBER 18, 1883. 
[Scliooner in outer harbor, tjhalaska, latitude 53° 53' UST., longitude 100° 32' TT.] 



1 a. m. 


2 a. m. 


3 a. m. 


4 a. m. 


5 a. in. 


(i a. in. 


7 a. in. 


8 a. m. 


ii a. in. 


10 a. m. 


11 a. in. 


12 in. 


1 p. in. 


2 p. in. 


.'! p. m. 


4 ]). ill. 


5 p. in. 


p. in. 


7 p.m. 


8 n. m. 


9 p. m. 


10 p. in. 


lip. m. 


12 p. in. 



29. 765 
29. 777 
29. 789 
29. 795 
29. S20 
29. 823 

29. 832 
29. 837 
29. 837 
29.841 
29. 842 
29. 845 

29. S60 
29. 870 
29. 890 
29. 8S1 
29. 885 
29. 887 

29. 900 
29. 89G 
29. 89G 
29. 900 
29. 898 
29. 899 



42.2 


39.2 


74 


NXE. 


C.entlc . 


42.5 


39.3 


73 


NXE. 


Gcntlo. 


42.0 


39.8 


81 


XXE. 


Gentle - 


41. C 


39.8 


S4 


ffifW. 


(ieutlc. 


41.2 


38.9 


SI 


X. 


Fresh.. 


40.5 


37. G 


75 


X. 


Fresh . . 


39. 5 


37. 5 


82 


KW. 


Fresh.. 


39.5 


37.9 


85 


X. 


Fresh.. 


39.5 


37.9 


85 


X. 


Fresh . . 


39.2 


38.4 


92 


X. 


Fresh.. 


39. 5 


37.8 


84 


N x \v. 


Frosh.-| 


39. 3 


37. S 


80 


NXW. 


Fresh. .1 


39. 7 


37.7 


82 


JfSff. 


Fresh..] 


41.2 


38.2 


74 


NNW. 


Fresh.J 


40.0 


39.0 


91 


XX w. 


Fresh. .: 


42.0 


40.0 


S3 


N X w. 


Fresh.. 


41.0 


38.8 


82 


JJXff. 


Fresh.. 


42.0 


41.0 


91 


XX w. 


Fresh . - 


42.0 


40.0 


83 


NW. 


Fresh.. 


42. 5 


39.5 


75 


NX W. 


Fresh.. 


41. S 


39. S 


83 


NiW. 


Fresh.. 


40.4 


38.4 


82 


x\v. 


Fresh.. 


40. 5 


3S. 5 


82 


WMV. 


Fresh . . 


39.5 


38.0 


8G 


wxw. 


Fresh..] 

i 








Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Hidden. 
Cirrus ..I 1 
| 
Hidden. 
Cir. 0U..I II 


Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
|0| 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Xinihus 
Ximbns 
Stratus . 



Ximhus. 

Xiinbus. 
Xiinbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus. | 10 
Stratus . 10 



Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Nimbus 

Xiinbus 
Cu. st... 
Cu. st... 





XXE.s 


X.s 





o 

X.s 

NNTV.s 

NXTT.s 

.\X\T.r 
NXW.r 

NXW.s 


NNW.s 

X.\'ff.s 



Xiinbus. 10 ' 
Stratus .10 

Nimbus. 10 | XXU'.j 
Cu. st...| 9 NW.s 
Stratus . 10 | 
Xiinbus.! 10 lATXW.s 



2.30 
3.35 



2.55 

's.'io' 



11. 30 



S.10 
11.35 



.01 
.01 ! 



-( .01 



7. 35 
9.' 25' 



44.6 
44.2 
44. 
44.0 
44.3 
44. 5 

44. 4 

44.3 
44.1 
43.8 
44.1 
43. G 

44.2 
44.0 

44.0 

45. 
44.8 
45.0 



Clear S. 

Cloudy ! S. 

Cloudy.... S. 
Light'iain. S. 
Light rain. 1 A. 
Cloudy A. 



Light rain. 
Light rain. 
Light. lain. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Light rain 
Light rain 

Fair 

Cloudy.... 



44.fi I Light rain. 

44.0 : Cloudy.... 

44. 5 j Light'iain. 

44.2 I Cloudy.... 

41. | Cloudy.... 

43.7 | Light rain 



■Short squalls of rain and snow at intervals. 



352 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &-e. — Continued. 



SEPTEMBER 1!), 1883. 
[■Washington time. Italic s signifies sloic ; r signifies rapid. Schooner in inner harbor, t'nalaska, latitude. 53° .").'!' N., longitude i ,;i " 32' W.] 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 
.'! a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 
a. m. 



7 a. m. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. ra. 
10 a. m. 

I 1 a. nj. 
12 m. 

1 p. m. 

2 ]>. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. m. 

5 p. m. 
C p. ra. 

7 p. in. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. m. 
10 p. ra. 

II p. ra. 
12 p. m. 



29. 918 
29. 925 
29. 924 
29. 923 
29. 918 
29. 919 

29.919 
29. 921 
29.921 
29. 938 
29. 955 
29. 970 

29. 97S 

30. 013 
30. 027 
30. 031 

30. 033 

30. 043 

30. 039 
30. 045 
30. 04G 
30. 048 
30. 043 
30. 043 



Hygrometer 

(corrected). 



39.5 
39.3 
39.9 
39.8 
40.2 
40.0 

40.8 
41.5 
41.0 
42.0 
41.7 
41.7 



T 



38.9 
38.3 
38.0 
38.7 
38.9 
38.7 

39.4 
39.8 
39.8 
40.7 
40.2 
10. 



42. G 


41.0 


42.2 


41.0 


42. 


41.6 


44.0 


43.0 


44.0 


42, 3 


43.8 


43.0 


44.0 


43.0 


43.0 


40.0 


44.0 


41.0 


43.0 


41.0 


43.0 


41.2 


43.0 


41.3 



P.cl 
91 
91 
88 
90 
88 
88 

87 
85 
89 



89 



AViud. 



Nff. 
NW. 
NIT. 
NW. 
W. 
NAV\ 

KW. 
NW. 
NAV. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 

NW. 
NW. 

NW. 
NW. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW. 
WNW 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NAV. 



Fresh.. 

Fresh... 

Fresh. 

Fresh. 

Brisk . 

Fresh. 

Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Hi -H . 
High . 

Hi uh . 
High . 

Brisk . 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh. 

Brisk . 

Brisk . 

Fresh. 
Fresh. 
Fresh. 
Fresh. 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 



Upper clouds. 



Lower clouds. 



■S. 



a I 



S a 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

i ! 
Hidden. 

i i 



Hidden 



() 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



{ 



Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Cumulus 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


8 


Cumulus 


3 


Cum. st . 


4 


Cum. st . 


8 


Cain, si . 


10 


Cum. st . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


30 


Nimbus 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 



Rain or 
snow. 




NW.r 


W.r 


NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 

NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.s 
NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 

NW.s 
NW.s 
NW.s 
NW.s 
NW.s 
NW.r 



7. 25 



M 



-r3 



l„ch 



' I 

I 

4.30 



9.30 



43.8 
43.9 
43.7 
43.8 
43.8 
44.0 

43.8 
43.7 

43.8 
43.8 
43.7 
43.8 



.— 43.4 

.01 : 43.7 
.— 44.0 
.— : 44.2 



44.5 
44.0 



.01 



44.4 
44.0 
44.0 
44.0 



I i;.i. ! .i.n 

Lightrain. 
Light rain 
Light rain 

Cloudy 

Cloud v 



Cloudy J A. 

Lightrain.; A. 
Light ram. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy. . .. 
Cloudy — 



: A. 
'G. 

G. 

G. 



Cloudy. 
Cloud v. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy . 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 



Clou.lv.... 

Cloudv — 

Cloudy.... 

t Light rain. 

44.0 ! Light rain. 

44.0 | Light vain. 



G. 

G. 

L. 

jL. 

;L. 
JL. 

L. 
M, 

M. 

jr. 
u. 
M. 



SEPTEMBER 20, 1883. 
[Unalasta harbor, latitude 53° 53' N., longitude 160° 32' W.] 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 
4a. m. 
5 a. in. 

a. m. 

7 a. in. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p. m. 

2 p. ra. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. m. 

5 p. m. 
G p. m. 

7 p. m. 

8 ji. hi, 

9 p. 

10 p. in. 

11 p. m. 

12 j>. m. 



30. 047 


43.0 


41.3 


8G 


NW. 


Fresh.. 


30. 053 


42.3 


41.0 


89 


NAV. 


Fresh.. 


30. 055 


41.5 


40.8 


94 


NAV. 


Light.. 


30. 055 


41.2 


40.2 


91 


NW. 


Gentle . : 


30. 051 


40.8 


39.8 


91 


WNW. 


Gentle.! 


30. 045 


40. 5 


39.6 


92 


NAV. 


Fresh . . 


30. 03G 


40.0 


39.1 


92 


NW. 


Fresh . - 


30. 019 


40.0 


39.0 


91 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


29. 997 


40.0 


38. 5 


87 


NAV. 


Fresh.. 


29. 987 


40.5 


39. 5 


91 


NAV. 


Fresh.. 


29. 985 


40.4 


39. 8 


95 


NAV. 


Fresh.. 


29. 90S 


41.0 


39.8 


89 


NAV. 


Fresh . . 


29. 955 


41.0 


39.8 


89 


WNW. 


Fresh. . 


29. 971 


42.3 


40.3 


83 


AVNW. 


Fresh.. 1 


29. 972 


43.0 


40.0 


75 


WNAV. 


Gentle. I 


29. 965 


43. 5 


40.3 


75 


WNW. 


Gentle . 


29.931 


44.2 


42. 2 


84 


WNW. 


Gentle. 


29. 958 


45.0 


42.8 


84 


NAV. 


Gentle . 


29. 958 


44.0 


42.3 


80 


WNW. 


Gentle. 


29. 963 


44.4 


40.9 


72 


NE. 


Gen lie. ! 


29. 963 


42.8 


40.3 


72 


NE. 


Gentle. 


29. 963 


43.5 


40.0 


72 


NE. 


Gentle . 1 


29. 956 


42.4 


39.2 


74 


NE. 


Light . . ! 


29. 975 


40.8 


38.3 


78 


NE. 


Light ..' 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Cir. cu - . 


4 


Cir. Cu . . 


2 








o 


oj 





°1 


Cir. cu . . 


2 ! 





o ! 


Cir. st.. . 


2 i 




















Cirrus .. 


1 



Nimbus. 
Nimbus 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Cum. st . 
Cum. st . 
Stratus - 
Cumulus 

! Cum. st . 
j Cumulus 
1 Cumulus 
I Stratus . 
; Cumulus 
! Cumulus 
I Stratus . 
Stratus 



10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

s 

,? 
1 

3 
2 






II 
II 
II 






NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.s 
NAV.s 

NAV.S 

NW..« 
NW.s 

NAV.s 
NAV.s 

NW.s 
NAV.s 





ii 
II 






... 










5.30 


4.50 j 








8.25 ! 





i 








1 





) """ 


\ 


1 




j 






1 









.01 



.01 
00 
00 
00 



410 1 iglrirain. 
43.9 i Light rain. 
43.8 j Light lain. 
43.7 Light rain. 

43.7 Cloud v.--- 

43.8 Lightrain. 



43.7 
43.0 
43.8 
43.0 
43.1 
43.1 



i Lightrain. A. 

! Light rain, j A. 

j Cloudy f A. 

j Clou.lv....! G. 
! Cloudv....! G. 
: Cloudy-.--! G. 



00 


43. 2 


Cloudy.... 


G. 


CO 


43.4 


Cloudv 


G. 


00 


43.8 


Cloudy.... 


L. 


00 


43.8 


Fair 


L. 


00 


44.0 


Cloudy.... 


L. 


00 


44.0 


Fair 


L. 


00 


44.0 


Fair 


L. 


00 


44.3 


**«* 


M. 


00 


44.8 


Clear 


M. 


00 


44.9 


Clear 


M. 


00 


45. 


Clear 


wr. 


00 


44.7 


Clear 


M. 



'Occasional rain squalls between observations. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



353 



1 a. in. 

•_' a. 111. 

:; a. m. 
*4 a. m. 
•5 a. in. 

*6 ;i. in. 



8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. in. 

11 ;>. m. 

12 in. 

1 i>. m. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. in. 

4 ]). 111. 
.'> p. in. 

6 p. in. 

7 p. in. 

8 ]). in. 
dp. m, 

30 p. in. 
lip. in. 
12 p. in. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Lev, de. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER 21, 1883. 
[Washington time. Italic 8 signifies slow ; r signifies rapid. L'nalaska, latitude 53 c 53' X., longitude U66 c 32' W.] 



20. 1190 

:jo. 005 
:;o. oio 
30. 012 

29. 991 

29. 007 



29.950 

20. 943 
29. 920 
29. 879 
2?. S71 
29. S73 

29. 854 
29. 859 
29. S57 
29. S75 
29. S70 
29. 871 

29. £04 
29. 804 
29. S64 
29.873 

29. S77 

29. 877 



Hygrometer 
(corrected). 



37.7 
37.2 
36.0 
37.1 
37.5 

40. 5 



30. 4 
85.9 

34. 9 
30. 
30.1 

38. 



Wind. 



42.0 


38.9 


43. 


39. 8 


42. S 


39. 8 


45. 


42. 


45. 9 


42. 4 


4G.0 


43. 3 


47.0 


45.0 


48.0 


10.0 


44. 5 


45. 5 


CO. 


47.5 


52.0 


50. 


53.8 


52.0 


54. 5 


52. 3 


54. 


51. 


53. !i 


50. 3 


53.4 


50.9 


51.8 


49.3 


51.4 


49.1 



P. ct. 

87 
87 
89 
89 



SE 
E. 






Upper clouds. 



fll 



o to 



SE. 

SE. 
SB. 
SIC. 
SE. 
SE. 
SSE. 

s. 

s. 

SE. 

SE. 
SE. 

SE. 

SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE.. 
SE. 



Light. 
Calm. 

! Light. 
Calm. 
Calm. 

Li Slit' 



Light.. 
Gentle. 
Gentlo. 
Fresh . - 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 

Gentle. 
Gentle. 
G entlo . 
Gentle. 
Eresh . . 
Gentle. I 

Gentle. I 
Fresh . . 
Gentle. 
Light.. 
Light.. 1 
Light.. 1 







Cirrus 

Cir. st 

Cir. st 

Haze. Light. 

Cir. st.. | 3 

i 

Hidden, 

Hidden. 

Haze. Light. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Cir. cu.-l 2 | SE.s 
Cir. cu.-l 2 1 SE.s 



Cir. st .. 
Cir. st . . 

Cirrus . . 









W.s 






Hidden. 



Lower i-louds. 



a l 



Stratus . 






o 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
"Nimbus. 



Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


G 


Stratus . 


4 


Cu. st. .. 


4 


Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


10 



§1 



Haze. Dense, i 
Haze. Dense.! 







SE.s 
SSE.* 

SSE.s 
S.s 
SE.s 


SE.s 
SE.s 

SE.s 

SE.s 
SE.s 









Lain or 
snow. 



11.40 



12.10 



3 

Inch: 
00 44. 8 
00 44. 2 
00 44. 5 
00 44.3 
CO j 44.3 

00 I 44.5 



00 


44.0 


00 


43.2 


00 


42.7 


00 


42.8 


00 


42.8 


— 


42.8 





42.9 


oo 


43. 1 


00 


44.0 


00 


44.0 


00 


44. 5 


09 


45.2 



15. 5 
45.0 
45. 
45.4 
45. 5 
45.3 



Clear 
Clear 
Clear 
Fair . 
Clear 

Clear 



Hazy . . . 
Hazy ... 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy.. 
Lt. rein . 

Cloudy- . 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Fair..... 



Fair.... 

Fair 

Fair.... 
Cloudy . 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 



S. 
. S. 

•5 
I. 

A. 

. I A. 
.! A. 
. A. 
. ! G. 
.1 G. 
. G. 

| 

".i M. 

.;?,!. 

. M. 
. M. 

M. 

I 



SEPTEMBER 22, 1883. 
[Latitude 53° 53' N., longitude ICG 3 32' W.] 



1 a. m. 


29. 8S0 


51.4 


49.3 


85 


SE. 


Light.. 


2 a. m. 


29. 889 


48.2 


46.2 


85 


C.i 


lm. 


3 a. m. 


29. 892 


48,0 


45.8 


91 


Calm. 


4 a. m. 


29. S05 


47. 3 


40.8 


96 


ENE. 


Light.. 


i a. in. 


29. 823 


47.9 


40. 3 


SS 


ENE. 


Light.. 


C a. m. 


29. 803 


41.0 


49.0 


86 


ENE. 


Fresh.. 


7 a. m. 


29. 779 


41.0 


40.0 


86 


ENE. 


Light.. 


s a. in. 


29. 737 


41.0 


49.0 


86 


ENE. 


Light.. 


9 a. m. 


29. C92 


50. 2 


40.8 


77 


ENE. 


Light.. 


10 a. m. 


29. 013 


50.0 


46.0 


77 


ESE. 


Fresh . . ! 


11 a. in. 


29. 578 


50.0 


46.8 


79 


SE. 


Brisk.. 


12 m. 


29. 511 


51.0 


48.0 


80 


SE. 


Brisk.. 


1 p. m. 


29. 478 


53.5 


50. 


77 


SE. 


Brisk.. 


2 p. ill. 


29.445 


52.3 


49. S 


83 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


3 p. in. 


29.415 


51.0 


49.0 


SG 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


4 p. in. 


29. 384 


51.0 


49.2 


85 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


5 p. ru. 


23. 304 


52. 


49.8 


86 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


o p. m. 


29. 357 


51. 


51.8 


86 


S. 


Fresh.. 


7 p.m. 


29. 305 


50.5 


49.0 


89 


SW. 


Fresh.. 


8 p. m. 


29.417 


48.0 


40.3 


87 


NW. 


Fresh.. 


9 p. in. 


29.413 


46.7 


45.3 


90 


WNW. 


Fresh . . 


10 p.m. 


29. 472 


45.0 


43.8 


90 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


11 p.m. 


29. 4S7 


44.0 


41.8 


82 


WNW. 


Brisk.. 


12 p. in. 


23.521 


44.0 


41.0 


70 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
' ! 



Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 | 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


30 


Stratus . 


10 


Slratus . 


10 


Nimbus - 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Cu, Rt 


3 












II 





SW.s 



SW./- 
SW.J- 
SW.r 

SW.r 







NW.s 
WNW.s 







00 
00 
00 
CO 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 

01 


; 
45. 9 
45. 8 
45. 8 
45. 7 
45. 5 
45.5 

45. G 
45. li 
45. 4 
45.2 
45.0 
45.1 

45.1 
45. 4 
45.3 
45.3 
46.0 
46.0 

4G.3 
46.3 
45.0 
45.2 
45.0 
44.9 































... 












11.30 












'4 35" 


.03 
.02 

'00 

00 
.01 
.01 

00 

00 










7.10 







9.30 







Cloudy. . 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy.. 

Cloudy.. 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 
Lt. lain . 

Lt. rain . 
Lt. rain . 
Lt. rain . 
Lt. lain . 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy. . 

Cloudy. . 
Lt. rain . 
Lt, rain . 
Cloudy.. 
Cloudy. . 
Cloudy. . 



. S. 

■IS. 
.1 s. 
. s. 

-ID. 
.'D. 

.1). 
. D. 

.1 A. 
. A. 
.1 A. 

■! A - 

. G. 
-| G. 
. G. 
. G. 
L. 

;l. 

. L. 
. L. 

.!T\I. 
JM. 
AM. 

.!M. 



Complete lunar halo at 4 a.on., 5 a. rn., G a. 111., 7 a. m. 



H. Ex. U- 



45 



354 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Zoo, &e. — Contiuucd. 

SEPTEMBER 23, 1883. 
[Washington time. Italic s signifies Slow; r signifies rapid. tinalaska, latitude 53° 53' N., longitude 1GG° 32' W.] 



Hygrometer 
o (corrected). 



1 a. in. 

2 a. in. 

3 a. in. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 
o a. in. 



, a. in. 

Sa. in. 

'.) a. in. 

Jo a. m. 

11 a. in. 

12 lii. 

1 p. in. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. 111. 

5 ]>. in. 
C p. in. 



29. 521 
2!). 531 
29. 545 
29. 558 
29. 574 
29. 581 



44.0 
44.2 
44.0 
43.4 
42.9 
43.2 



29. 583 43. 

29. 5S7 43. (I 

29. 590 42. 2 

2!!. 500 j 42. » 

29.592 42.5 

29.C08 42.5 



29 608 
2D.C21 

29. 027 
29. 080 
29.041 
29. 035 



7 p. in. 


29. 034 


8v. in. 


29. 037 


9 ]). in. 


23.039 ! 


10 p.m. 


29. 024 


11 p. in. 


29.620 


12 p. in. 


29.038 ! 



43.2 
4::. 5 
43. 

43. 2 

43. 

4 :. 

4 3.0 
43. 
42. 
41.2 
40.7 
41.0 



41.8 
40.9 
40.3 
41.3 
40.5 
41.1 

41.0 

41.0 
41.0 
40. 8 
40. 8 

40. S 

41.7 

41. S 

41. 8 
41.7 

42. 3 
42.0 

42.3 
42.0 
40. (1 
39. 9 
39. 
38. 3 



\V 


ml. 


a 
















cj 


•3 




a 






H 


M 



Upper clouds 



Lower clouds. 



P. ct. 



I 



SO 



WNAV. 

WNW. 
NW. 
Nff. 
NW. 
NAY. 

NAT. 
NAT. 
NAV. 
NW. 
NW. 



NAV. 
NAV. 

NAV. 
87 I WNW. 
91 , NAV.' 
90 ! NAV. 



Fresh.. 
Brisk . . 
High .. 
Brisk.. 

High .. 
Brisk -. 

Fresh.. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.: 

Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh __ 
Fresh.. 

Brisk.. 
Fresh.. 



91 lAVNAV. Fresh.. 

95 WNW. Fresh.. 

83 [ AV. I Fresh. 

88 AVNW.I Fresh. 

85 WNAV. Fresh. 

70 WNAV. Fresh. 



Bain or 
snoiv. 



> 
c ^ 

a l 

£ a 



I o I 

Hidden 













Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Hidden. 

Hidden. 
| | 

Hidden. 
| I 





Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Strains . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus 
Nimbus 
Strains . 
Stmt us . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Nimbus. 
Cu. st... 
Nimbus 
Nimbus. 
Cu. st... 



a i 

s o 



WNW.r 













NW.s 
NW.r 

NW.r 
NW.r 
NW.r 

yw.r 

NW.s 


isW.s 



W.r 

AV.s 

"WNW.r 

WNW.1 



8.30 



10.25 



u 




o 




- .• 














^ 












a 














c *> 




5 S 




g 




< 


m 


Inch. 




00 


44. S 


00 


44.8 


00 


44.7 


00 


44. 5 


00 


4t.7 


00 


44.7 


00 


44.5 


00 


44. 5 


. — . 


44.4 


.01 


44.5 


, — 


41.2 


00 


44.2 



9.40 



111. 20 



00 44.2 
00 I 44.4 
*.— 44.4 
!*.— ; 44.4 
* — ] 44.0 
I .— 44.2 



44. 5 
41.0 
44.0 
44.0 
44.0 
44.5 



.01 



Fair. 
Cloudy. . 

Fair 

Fair 



Cloud v.... S. 
Cloudy... S. 



Fair P. 

Cloudy 1 ). 

Eight lain.! A. 
Light rain. A. 
Cloqdy — ' A. 
Cloudy A. 



Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Light rain- 
Light rain. 

Cloudy 

Light rain. 

Cloudy... 
Li glit rain. 
Light rai i 

Clou.lv.... 



Cr. 

G, 

Cr. 

!i 

\t- 

u. 

M. 

11. 
M. 



SEPTEMBER, 24, 1883. 
[Latitude 53 c 53' N.,. longitude 106° 32' AV.] 



1 a. m. 

2 a. ni. 



4 a. in. 



29. 044 
29. 049 
29. 053 
29. 039 
29. 032 



41.3 
40.0 
37.4 
38. 2 
35. 



Oa. in. 29.034 | 35.9 



7 a. m. 

8 a. in. 

9 a. in. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. in. 

12 m. 

1 p. m. 

2 p. in. 

3 ]>. in. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 
p. in, 

7 p. in. 

8 p. m. 
it p. 111. 

10 p. in. 

11 p. m. 

12 p. m. 



29.032 
29. 024 
29. 021 
29. 001 
29. 598 
29. 573 



36. 2 
36.0 
38. 5 

39.2 

37. 5 

38. 2 



29.501 [ 39.0 

29. 551 ' 39. 8 

29.553 j 39.7 

29. 554 i 40. 2 

2:1512 i 41.0 

29.497 39.8 



29. 494 
2D. 479 

28. 409 
29.401 

29. 405 
29. 479 



39.0 
40.0 
39.8 
40.0 
40. 5 
40. 5 



38. 9 
38.7 
30.9 
.37. 7 
34.7 
35.2 

35. 3 

35. 2 

36. 5 
30.4 
35. 9 
33.9 

37. 8 

38. o 

38. 7 
39.4 
39.8 
39.0 

39.0 

40.0 
38.8 
39.0 
39.0 

39. 



77 | WNAV. : Fresh.. 
88 WNW. i Gentle . 
93 : Calm. 



93 , AVSW. 

91 WNW. 
93 NW. 



91 
92 
82 
70 
85 
87 

SO 
84 
91 
93 
91 
91 

100 
100 
91 
91 
86 
86 



Light.. I 
Light . . | 
Gentle. 

Gentle, j 
Gentle J 
Gentle. 1 
Gentle. 



NW. 

NW. 

AVSW. 

AV. 

Calm. 
WSW. | Gentle . 

AV. i Fresh.. 
WSW. Fresh- 
NNW. Fresh.. 
NNW. Brisk.. 
NW. I Fresh.. 
NNW. Fresh.. 



NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NAV. 
NW. 



Fresh . . 
Brisk.. 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . 





I I 
Hidden. 

I ° 



I 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 

10 1 

j o I 

Hidden. 
Cumulus! 3 j 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
| I 

Hidden. 
10 1 

o o 



W.i 



Stratus . 


8 


Stratus - 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 





Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


8 


Stratus . 


10 


Strains - 


10 


Cu. st... 


8 


Cu. st... 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


5 



Nimbus. 


10 i 


Nimbus. 


10 i 


Stratus 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 j 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


• 9 


Stratus . 


10 


Cu. st-.. 


9 


Cu. st... 


■ !) 



WNW.r 
AVNAV.s 



I) 









WSW.* 

AV.s 

AV.s 

AV.s 

AV.s 

AV.s 

NW.s 






NW.r 




NW.s 
NW.s 



00 44. 
00 I 44. 5 
44.3 
44.2 



00 

00 
.1 00 i 4 1.2 
.! 00 ! 44.2 



11. 30 



.12. 20 



j 3.40 
i 5.20 



2.40 j 
4.00 ! 





7.10 















Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloud v. 
Fair..'.. 
Fair.... 
Cloudy 



00 


44.3 


Cloudy. 


00 


44.:; 


Cloudy. 


00 


44. 2 


Cloudy. 


00 


44.0 


Cloud v. 


00 


4.3. 8 


Cloudy. 


01 


13.5 


Cloudy. 



43.3 
43.2 
43. 5 
4". f> 
43.9 
44.0 

43. 6 
44.0 
44.0 
41.0 
44.0 

44. t 



Light rain. 
Light rain. 

Cloudy 

Light rain 
Cloudy.. . . 
Light lain. 

Light rain. 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Cloudy.... 



S. 
S. 

s. 

s; 

I). 

1). 

n. 
i>. 

A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

Cr. 

(r. 

G. 

<;. 

L. 

L. 

L. 

L. 
-AT. 
M. 
M. 
M. 



■ Occasional li~-ht ra;u b'.twecn observations. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



n f k 

ODD 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dr. — Continued; 

SEPTEMBER 25, 1883. 
[TV ioliington time. Italti s signifies slow r signifies ra% ~.i Latitude .-."IN lu;:,..ilii .13 V- 10' AT | 





Hygrometer 




AY 


<B 


(corrected). 


>, 


a 






g 




















a 




rO 










+-> 
O 


,2 


.a 








£ 






rt 






















O 


R 


E= 


M 


p 



Upper clouds 









P.ct. 




1 a. 111. 


29.400 | 40.2 


30.7 


05 


NAY. 


2 a. 111. 


20. 51 1 40. 8 


40.0 


98 


NW. 


3 a. 111. 


20. 521 


40.0 


30.7 


90 


NAT. 


4 a. m. 


20. 52U 


41.0 


39.8 


90 


NAT. 


;i a. in. 


20. 525 


41.B 


40.1 


00 


NAT. 


a. 111. 


29. 520 


42.3 


41.1 


00 


Sff. 


7 a. 111. 


20. 520 


42.0 


41.0 


01 


nay. 


8 a. 111. 


20. 520 


42.0 


41.0 


91 


xw. 


!) a. in. 


20. 524 


42. 2 


39. S 


81 


N \Y. 


10 a. m. 


20. 524 


■12. 2 


30. S 


81 


NAY. 


31 a. in. 


29. 536 


42.3 


39.8 


80 


x\r. 


2 111. 


20. 539 


42. 5 


39.8 


7S 


N w. 


1 p.m. 


29. 539 


43.0 


-10.5 


79 


sw. 


'-! ]>. lit. 


29. 534 


48. S 


41.3 


70 


NAY. 


:: p. n„ 


29.544 


43.0 


39.8 


74 


NAY. 


4 p. in. 


20. 557 


43. 


40.0 


80 


n\v. 


S p. 111. 


20. 552 


4;;. 5 


41.8 


87 


NAT. 


G p. in. 


20. 535 


44.2 


41. 8 


Si 


i*W. 


7 a. in. 


20. 540 


J 1.3 


42. S 


84 


NAY. 


8 p. in. 


20. 520 


45. 


42.0 


70 


NAY. 


'J p. 111. 


29. 536 


44.0 


41.0 


70 


AYNAY. 


10 p. 111. 


29.540 


44.0 


40.5 


72 


avnvt. 


11 p. m. 


20. 354 


44. 2 


40.2 


08 


NAT. 


12 p. 111. 


20. 501 


44.0 ! 


41.0 


76 


NAT. 



1 Brisk .. 
Brisk . . 
Fresh-. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 

Fresli . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresli . . 
Gentle . 
Fresh . . 

Fresli. . 
Fresli.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh, . 
Gentle . 
Gentle . 

Gentle . 

Gentle. 

Gentle. 



















Cumulus 
Cumulus 

Cirrus .. 











n 



Lower clouds. 



Stratus . 
Strains . 
Stratus. 
Stratus . 

Si 1 al ns . 
Stratus . 

Stratus 
Stratus . 
Cumulus 
Cum. st . 
Cum. St . 
Cum. st . 

Stratus 
Stratus . 
Cumulus! 

Cumulus 
Cumulus! 
Cumulus 

Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cum. st -! 
KStratus -I 
JCumulnsI 
iStratns . 

V C 1 1 tl 1 H 1 i I s ' 

Nimhus: 



o ^ 

ra 



NAT.s 









I! 






II 




NATs 
NAV.s 

NAT.s 
SW.« 
NAT.s 
NAT.s , 


NAY.s 1 

S 
NAT.s 



Rain or 

snow. 










» 






:::::: 











































4.15 





11.50 12.02 



J nch 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

'00 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 



-I4.il Cloudy. 

43.5 Fair.... 

41.2 Clear... 
45.0 Fair ... 
4G. Clear... 

40.3 Clear... 



40.0 
40. 2 
40.8 
47.0 
47.0 
47.0 

47. 
47.0 
47.0 
47.2 
45.0 
40. S 

47.0 
47.0 
47.0 

47.1 

47.0 
47.0 



Clear... 
Clear.. 
Clear... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair ... 



Fair ... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair...- 
Fair ... 
Cloudy. 



Fair.... 
Fair.... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 



Cloudy 

Light rain. 



S. 

s. 
s. 
s 
1). 

D. 

D. 
1). 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

G. 
G. 

Cr. 

G. 
L. 
L. 

L. 
L. 
M. 

M. 

M. 

M. 



SEPTEMBER 20. 1S83. 

[Latitude 51° 15 N., longitude 100° 27' AT 



1 a. m. 

2 a. 111. 
:: a. in. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. in. 
a. m. 

7 si. 111. 

8 a. 111. 
a. in. 

10 a. 111. 

11 a. in. 

12 m. 

3 p. ill. 
2 l>. 111. 

:; p. m. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 
p. ni. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. 111. 

9 p. in. 

10 p.m. 

11 p.m. 

12 p. 111. 



29. 572 


43.0 


40.8 


SI 


NAT. 


Gentle. 


29. 570 


43.0 


41.0 


S3 


NAY. 


Gentle. 1 


20. 580 


43.2 


41.3 


84 


NAT. 


Gcntlo.j 


29. 592 


43. 8 


41.4 


80 


NAY. 


Gentle. 1 


29. 597 


44.0 


41.0 


80 


NAT. 


Gentle . 


20. 500 


43.8 


41.4 


SO 


NAT. 


Gentle.! 


20.587 


4::. 5 


42.0 


87 


NAT. 


Gentle. 


; 20.578 


4 4.2 


42. 7 


87 


NW. 


Gentle- 1 


20. 585 


43. 5 


41.0 


SO 


NAT. 


Gentle . 


1 29. 5S2 


43.5 


41.0 


80 


AVNAT. 


Gentle, t 


■ 29. 570 


43. 8 


40. 8 


70 


ATNAT. 


Gentle. 1 


20.553 


43. 


40. S 


78 


AT. 


Gentle . 


i 20.551 


44. 


41.8 


82 


SAT. 


Fresli . . 


29. 550 


44.0 


40.8 


74 


S. 


Light . . 


20. 540 


43. 8 


42.5 


M 


S. 


Gentle. 


20. 531 


40.0 


42. 5 


73 


SE. 


Fresh . . 


20. 521 


47.2 


43.2 


70 


SE. 


Gentlo. 


20. 521 


47.0 


43.0 


70 


SE. 


Gentle . 


20. 490 


48.0 


44.0 


70 


SE. 


Fresli . . 


20. 470 


47. 5 


43.8 


74 


SE. 


Fresh.. 


29. 470 


43.7 


42. 


. 71 


S. 


Light.. 


29. 408 


40.0 


42.3 


71 


ESE. 


Light.. 


20. 407 


45. 5 


42.0 


73 


E. 


Light. . . 


29. 480 


45. 


43.0 


84 


EXE. 


Gentle. 





si 

Hidden. 

I 
j 

u 
II 

i 








Cirrus .. 

Cirrus .. 
(Cirrus -. 
(Cir. cu -. 

Cirrus . . 

Cumulus 

Cirrus . . 










S: ral us . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

St itus 
Stratus . 
Cumulus 
Cum.st .| 
Cumulus' 
Cum. st .: 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Cumulus 

Cumulus 
Gum. st . 
Cum. st . 

Cumulus 
Cum. st . 
Cum. st . 
Cum. st . 
Cum. st . 
Cum. st . 



2 

'■: 

! 

4 ■ 
1 



8 I 
! 




















S.s 


SE.s 
SE.s 

SE.s 
SE.s 











47.0 
40.9 
47.0 
47.3 
48.0 
48.0 

47.7 
48. 2 
48.2 
47.5 
47.4 
47. 



00 I 47.0 Cloudy. 
00 I 47.1 Cloudy. 

' 47.3 ' Fair.... 



Clear... 
Fair.... 
Fair. ... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Fair 



Fair... 
Clear.. 
Clear.., 

Fair 

Cloudy 
Fair..".. 



47.3 j Cloudy . 
47.5 1 Cloudy. 
48.0 Fair.... 



4S.0 
48.0 
47. 8 
47.8 
47.4 
47.2 



Fair.... 
Fair.... 
Cloudy- 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloud v. 



L. 

L. 

k 

IM. 

M. 
■M. 

M. 



356 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dc. — Continued. 



SEPTEMBER 27, 1883. 
["Washington time. Italic s signifies slow ; r signifies rapid. Latitnde-50° 10' N., longitude 157° 53' W.] 




1 a. m. 

2 a. in. 

3 a. in. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. in. 
C a. m. 



7 a. m. 

8 a.m. 
a.m. 

10 a, ni. 

1 1 a. in. 

12 in. 



1 p. in. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. in. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 
ti p. in. 

7 p. in. 
Sp. in. 

9 p in. 

10 p. m. 

11 p. m. 

12 p. m. 



20. -102 
29. 508 
29. 520 
29. 528 
29. 573 
29. 5G5 

29. 505 
29. 509 
29. 593 
29.013 
29. 030 
29. 042 

29. 050 

29. G78 
29. 079 
29. 682 
29. 090 
29. 088 

29. 702 
29. 700 

29. 721 
29. 721 
29. 725 
29. 73S 



Hygrometer 




(corrected). 


lA 
























•3 






a 




















.o 


-= 


o 






_^!> 


^ 


fi 


*X3 


l>> 




rt 


o 


* 


(h 






P.ct. 


45. 


43.0 


84 


45.2 


43.0 


82 


45.2 


43.0 


82 


44.8 


42. S 


84 


41.8 


42.8 


84 


44.8 


42.8 


81 


44.8 


42.8 


84 


44.0 


42.7 


S5 


45.0 


42.8 


82 


44.7 


42.2 


80 


44.8 


41.8 


77 


41.0 


41.3 


79 


11.1 


41.7 


80 


■ 14. 5 


41.0 


77 


45. 


41.8 


75 


4G. 


43.1 


77 


45. 


43.3 


88 


45.8 


43. 3 


SO 


40. 5 


13. 5 


84 


4G. 

| 


43.0 


77 


4G.0 


41.0 


G2 


40.2 


42.2 


CO 


40.2 


41.2 


02 


43. 5 


41.5 


09 



Wind. 



Upper clouds 



Lower clouds. 



ENE. 
ENE. 
ENE. 
EKE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 

ENE. 
ENE. 
KE. 
NNE. 
NNW. 
NNW. 

NNW. 

NNW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 
NNW. 

NNW. 
NNW. 

NW. 
Nff. 
NW. 
NW. 



Fresh.. 

Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Light.. 
Gentle . 
Gentle. 

Gentle . 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 

Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 
Fresh.. 

Fresh . . 
Fresh.. 

Brisk . . 
Brisk.. 

Brisk. . 
Brisk . . 



Cir. en . . 

Cir. cu . . 


Cir. cu.. 
Cir. cu.. 

ii 












Hidden 











3 































Stratus . 
Stratus 
Stratus . 
Stratus - 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus 
Stratus . 
Cu. str.. 
Cu. str.. 
Cumulus 
Cu. str.. 

'Cumulus 
VStratus . 

Stratus . 

Cu. str.. 

(In. str.. 

Cu. stp.. 

Cu. str.. I 

Cu. str..! 

(Cumulus 
;>Cu. str..! 
kCumulus 
^Stratus .! 
| Cu. str.. I 

(Cumulus! 
RStratus . 
| Stratus . 



o 









NNW.s 



Bain or 
snow. 



NNW.s :? 



NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NNW.s 
NW.,v 
NW.s 

NW.s 
NW.s 

NW.s 


NW.s 
NW.s 


NAY.s 
NW.S 



11.30 



00 
00 
00 
11.40 . — 



Inch 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 



47.3 
47.4 
47.2 
47.0 
47.4 
47.7 

47.7 
47.5 
47.8 
47.8 
47.7 
47.8 

47.9 

48.2 
48.3 
48.3 
48.5 



4S.G 
48.5 

48.7 
48.7 
49.0 
49.0 



Cloudy. 

Fair 

Fair.... 
Clear... 
Clear... 
Clear... 



Clear... 

Clear... 
Cloudy. 
Fair.... 
Cloudy. 
Fair..".. 



Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Fair — 
Cloudy. 

Fair 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Fair.... 



Fair... 
Cloudy 
Fair... 
Fair... 



Im. 

JM. 
M. 



SEPTEMBER 28, 1883. 
[Latitude 48° 2G' N., longitude 154° 4' W.] 



1 a. in. 


29. 759 


44.9 


11. S 


75 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


2 a. m. 


29. 707 


45. 2 




78 


NW. 


Erislc . . 


3 a.m. 


29.774 


45.0 


42. 5 


79 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


4 a. m. 


29. 782 


44.7 


42. 4 


81 


NW. 


Brisk .. 


5 a.m. 


29. 792 


44.0 


42. 3 


81 


NW. 


Brisk.. 


a. m. 


29. 795 


44.;> 


43.8 


98 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


7 a. m. 


29. 798 


44.0 


43.1 


92 


NW. 


Brisk . . 


H a. m. 


29. 802 


44.7 


43.9 


92 


NW. 


Brisk.. 


9 a. m. 


29.817 


45.0 


42.0 


77 


NW. 


Fresh.. 


10 a.m. 


29.819 


45.0 


42.8 


S3 


WNW. 


Fresh.. 


1 1 a. in. 


29.812 


45. 5 


12. 5 


77 


WNW. 


Gentle. 


12l,i. 


29. 802 


45. 5 


42.8 


79 


WNW. 


Gentle. 


1 p. 111. 


29. 810 


4G. 5 


13. 


73 


W. 


Fresh.. 


2 p. m. 


29. 819 


47.0 


44. 5 


81 


AVSW. 


Fresh.. 


3 1). m. 


29. S1G 


49.2 


4G. 5 


80 


wsw. 


Fresh.. 


4 p. in. 


29. 805 


50. 8 


47.8 


79 


w. 


Fresh.. 


5 ]). ill. 


29.701 


48.5 


4G.8 


89 


w. 


Fresh.. 


G p. m. 


29.713 


49.0 


4G. 8 


85 


w. 


Fresh.. 


7 p. in. 


29. 074 


49.8 


47.0 


79 


w. 


Fresh . . 


8 p. m. 


29. G6G 


49.5 


47.5 


85 


w. 


Fresh . . 


9 p. m. 


29. 771 


49.0 


47.0 


85 


sw. 


Fresh . . 


10 p. m. 


29. 728 


48.8 


47.3 


89 


ssw. 


Brisk . . 


11 p.m. 


29. 725 


48. G 


47.6 


93 


ssw. 


Brisk . . 


12 [j. m. 


29.719 


48. G 


47. C 


93 


ssw. 


Brisk . . 



o' I o l 

Hidden 
Hidden 

| 
I 

o ! o 



Hidden. 



Cumulus 
Cumulus 

Cir. on .. 
Cir. cu .. 
Cir. cu . . 
Cir. cu 



4 

Hidden 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Stratus . 


8 


Stratus - 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


9 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


8 


Cu. str.. 


7 


Cu. str.. 


3 


Cu. str.. 


5 


Cu str.. 


2 


Cumulus 


5 


Cumulus 


4 


Cumulus 


O 


Cumulus 


3 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Stratus . 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 


Nimbus. 


10 



WSW.s 

WSW.s 

W.s 






SW.s 



















































































9.45 







*' 



48.9 
48.8 
48.8 
48.8 
49.0 
49.0 

48.3 
49.0 

48. S 
48.9 
49.3 

49. 

49.7 

49. G 
50.1 
50.2 
51.0 
51.0 

51.0 
51.0 

50. 5 
50.5 
50.3 
50.3 



Cloudy 

Cloudy j 

Cloudy j 

Cloudy I 

Fair.. j 

Cloudy j 



Cloudy | D. 

Cloudy.... D. 

Fair I A. 

Clear I A. 

Cloudy.... A. 
Fair.: : A. 



Fair. 
Fair. 
Fair. 
Fair. 
Cloudy 



Cloudy.... L. 



Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 
Light rain. 
Light rain. 
Li^lit rain. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



357 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, t&c. — Continued. 

SEPTEMBER 29, 1883. 
[■Washington time, I taZio s signifies slow ; r signifies rapid. Latitude 47° 36' N., longitude 150° 55' W.] 



1 a.m. 

2 ii. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m, 

5 a. m. 

6 a. in. 



7 a. m. 

8 a. m. 
■J a. in. 

1(1 a.m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p. m. 
C p. ra. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. m. 

5 p. in. 

6 p. m. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. in. 

10 p. m. 

11 p.m. 

12 p. m. 



29. 706 
29. 685 
29. 654 
29. 615 
29. 587 
29. 550 

29. 499 
29. 499 
29. 473 
29. 46S 
29. 455 
29. 435 

29. 428 
29. 410 
29. 418 
29. 433 
29. 458 
29. 431 

29.463 
29. 496 
29. 533 
29. 533 
29. 547 
29. 605 



Hygrometer 

(corrected). 



P 



49.7 
49.3 
49.2 
49.5 
50.9 
51.0 

52. 

52. 
53.0 
53.0 
53.2 
53.2 

53. 1 
53.2 

53. 
52 3 

sab 

51.5 

51.0 
51.5 
51.5 
51.2 
51.0 
51.0 



49.1 
49.3 
49. 2 
49. 5 
50.9 
51.3 

52.0 
52.0 
53. 
53.0 
52.9 
53.2 

53.1 
53.2 
53. 
52.3 
52.0 
51.5 

49.7 
51.2 
50.0 
49.7 
49.8 
49.5 



P.ct, 
95 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
9S 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

9G 
97 
90 
90 
90 
90 



Wind. 



SSW. 
SSW. 

ssw. 

SSW. 
SSW. 
SSW. 

SSW. 
SSW. 

SSW. 
SSW. 

s. 

SSW. 

SSW. 
SSW. 
SSW. 

sw. 
w. 
w. 

w. 

WNW. 

w. 

WNW. 
WNW. 
WNW. 



High 
High 
High 
Gale. 
Gale . 
Gale. 

Gale. 
Galo . 
G ale* . 
High 
High 
High 

High ■ 
High 
High . 
Fresh. 

Fresh 
Fresh 

Fresh 
Fresh. 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh 
Brisk . 



Tipper clouds. 



Lower clouds. 



a I 

a 
§2 

a to 

Si a 



Cir. cu. 







Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden, 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 

1 






Niinhus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Nimbus . 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 

Nimbus. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Nimbus. 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 





(1 




(I 






I) 

ssw.,- 

SSW./- 

SW.r 



(I 



W.s 
WNW.s 





Bain or 
snoi\ 


6J 
O 

a 
g 

a 

o 

o 


5 
'■a 
c 










:::::: 
































9.45 


11.30 



















































Inch 
!oi 

.01 
.02 
.01 
.01 



.02 
.01 
.01 
00 
.01 



.01 
.01 
.01 



. 01* 



50. 2 

50. 3 
50. 2 
50.4 

50. 8 
51.0 

51.7 

51.8 
52, i' 

51. i 
51. 2 
51.0 

51.0 
50. 8 
50. 5 
50.0 
51.0 
51.0 

51.0 
51.2 
51.0 
51.0 
51.0 
51.0 



I 



Light rain 
Lightrain. 
Lightrain. 
H'vy rain . 
Lightrain. 
Ii/lM i lin 

Lightrain 
H'vy rain . 
Lightrain 
Cloudy — 

Cloudy 

Lightrain. 

Lightrain. 

Lightrain. 
Lightrain. 
Lightrain. 
Cloudy. . . 
Lightrain 

Cloudy. .. 

Cloady 

Fair 

Fair 

Clear 

Clear 



* Bain at intervals. 

SEPTEMBER 30, 1S83. 

[Latitude 45° 56' N., longitude 146° 24' W.] 



1 a.m. 


29. Gil 


51.5 


49.8 


88 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


2 a. m. 


29. 616 


51.4 


49. 5 


86 


WNW. 


Brisk.. 


3 a.m. 


29. 623 


51.8 


49.6 


85 


WNW. 


Brisk.. 


4 a. m. 


29. C57 


52.0 


49.7 


84 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


5 a. m. 


29. G83 


52.1 


49.8 


84 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


(i a. m. 


29. 697 


52.3 


50.1 


85 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


7 a.m. 


29. 732 


52.0 


49.0 


79 


WNW. 


Brisk.. 


8 a.m. 


29. 761 


52.0 


49.0 


79 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


■9 a. in. 


29. 772 


52. 5 


49.0 


77 


WNW. 


Fresh.. 


10 a.m. 


29. 807 


51.8 


48.8 


80 


WNW. 


Fresh.. 


11 a.m. 


29. 839 


51.2 


48.2 


79 


w. 


Fresh.. 


12 in. 


29. 864 


52.5 


49.0 


77 


w. 


Fresh.. 


1 p. m. 


29. 889 


53.0 


49.7 


78 


w. 


Fresh . . 


2 p. m. 


29. 928 


54.0 


50.7 


78 


w. 


Fresh.. 


3 p. m. 


29. 942 


55.0 


51.0 


74 


w. 


Fresh.. 


4 p. m. 


29. 983 


55.0 


50.8 


73 


w. 


Fresh.. 


5 p.m. 


30. 01G 


55.0 


51.6 


84 


w. 


Frosh.. 


G p. m. 


30. 020 


53.5 


51.6 


86 


w. 


Fresh . . 


7 p. m. 


30. 058 


54.5 


52.3 


87 


w. 


Fresh. - 


8 p. m. 


30. 047 


54.5 


52.0 


84 


w. 


Fresh - . 


9 p. m. 


30. 059 


54.5 


50.5 


74 


WNW. 


Brisk . . 


10 p.m. 


30. 067 


54.3 


50.3 


74 


w. 


Fresh . . 


11 p. m. 


30. Ill 


54.2 


50.3 


74 


w. 


Brisk . . 


12 p. m. 


30.133 


54.5 


51.4 


79 


w. 


Brisk .. 




















































































































































Stratus . 


2 


Stratus . 


2 


Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


8 


Stratus . 


:i 


Stratus . 


2 


Stratus . 


2 


Stratus . 


1 


Stratus . 


2 


Cu. str.. 


5 


Cumulus 


5 


Cumulus 





Cumulus 


6 


Cumulus 


4 


Cumulus 


6 


Cumulus 


8 


Cumulus 


4 


Cumulus 


5 


Cumulus 


5 


Cumulus 


5 


Cumulus 


4 


Cumulus 


6 


Stratus . 


4 


Stratus . 


5 





o 
o 
o 

o 

WNW. 





AV.s 

W.s 

W.s 
W.s 
W.s 
W.s 


W.s 

W.s 
W.s 
W.s 
W.s 
W.s 




00 


51. 3 


00 


51.5 


00 


51.7 


00 


52. 


00 


52. 1 


00 


52.1 



00 
00 
00 

00 
(TO 

00 
00 
00 
00 



52. 2 
52.3 

53. 
53. (I 
53. 4 



Clear 

Char 

Fair 

Cloudy 

Clear.' 

Cloudy 



Clear ID. 

Clear | D. 

Clear I A. 

Fair I A. 

Fair \A. 



53.9 ' Fair A. 



00 


54.9 


00 


55.0 


00 


55. 4 


00 


56.0 


00 


55. 4 


00 


50.0 


00 


56.4 


00 


56.3 



54.0 j Fair 

54.2 I Fair 

54.8 ! Fair 

54.0 I Cloudy.... 

Fair 

Fair 



Fair. 
Fair. 
Fair. 
Fair- 
Fair. 
Fair. 



*Light rain between observations. 



358 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, dec. — Continued. 

OCTOBER 1, 18S3. 
[Washington time. Italic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 44° 2CN'., longitude 142' 28 W.] 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. 3n. 

5 a. m. 
G a. m. 



7 a. m. 

8 a. in. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. in. 

11 a. in. 

12 in. 

1 p. in. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. in. 

4 p. iu . 

5 p. in. 
C p. in. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. in. 

10 p. in. 

11 p. m. 

12 p. m. 



Hygrometer 
'(corrected). 



30. 150 
30. 182 
30. 192 
30. 213 
30. 219 
30. 234 

SO. 247 
30. 259 
30. 2S7 
30. 309 
30.317 
30. 324 

30. 327 
30. 347 
30. 353 
30. 354 
30. 395 
30. 371 



54.8 
55.0 
54.9 
54.8 
55.8 
55. 

55. 
55. 
55. 8 
55. 7 
5G. 
5G. 



59. 
00.0 
CO. 9 
01. O 
01.0 



51. 9 
52.1 
51.9 
51.9 

52. 8 
52.3 

51.8 
52.0 
53.3 

5::. 2 

53. 5 
53.5 



54. S 

55. 5 
55.4 
55. 5 
55.5 



r.d. 

81 
81 

80 
81 
80 
79 



80 
80 
84 
84 

84 
84 

70 
73 
74 
68 
08 
08 



Wind. 



Upper clouds. 



w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 

TV. 

w. 

W. 

W. 

w. 
w. 

w. 

W. 

w. 
w. 

W. 

w. 



30. 3G3 


CO. 


55. 5 


73 


"W". 


30. 382 


59.0 


5G. 5 


85 


vr. 


30. 400 


58.0 


54.0 


70 


W. 


30. 3S9 


57. 


52.0 


09 


W. 


30. 399 


57.2 


52.2 


69 


WSW. 


30.413 


57. 2 


52.5 


71 


"WSW. 



Brisk .. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk . . 
Brisk . . 

Fresh . . 
; Fresh . . 

Fresh .. 
! Fresh - . 
; Fresh . . 

Gentle . 

Fresli .. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh .. 
Fresli .. 
Fresli .. 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Fresh .. 
Fresh . . 
Fresh .. 
Fresh - . 



o o j 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
I 






o 


I Cir. cu . . 
! Cir. cu . . 
! Cum 

i Cir. cu .. 

I Cir. cu . . 

Cir. cu .. 




(1 



I 


I 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 



Lower clouds. 



P^ain or 
snow. 



I" 











.3 


£ 








o—. 






a 




*3 
O 




a 


o ID 


s 


■a 






a 


rs 


= 






a 


« 


Q 


u 


H 



Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 


Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Cum. st. 
Cum. st. 

Stratus . 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 

Cumulus 

Cum. st. 
! Cum. st. 
\ Cum. st. 
i Stratus . 
. Stratus . 

Stratus . 






! 

W.s ' 

W.s j 

w.s 

W.s I 

W.s ' 

W.s I 

w.s ! 

W.s ] 

W.i } I 

w.s 5 ' 
W.s 

w.s ; 

w.s ! 

i) ! 
o 



u 



it3 -< a 



4 












J/)C/l 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


10 






111 






10 






s 







.:.:..:. 


? 


1 









00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



5G.8 
5G. 8 
50.8 
56.7 
50. 7 
i>G. 5 

57.0 
57.0 
56.7 
50.8 
58.0 
58.0 

58.7 
58.0 
58. 
58. (i 
59.0 
58.8 



58.5 

57.9 

57.0 
57.8 
57.8 
5 1 . S 



Fair ... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy, 
Cloudy. 
Clondy. 
Clear... 

Clear... 
Fair ... 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy 

Clondy 

Clear . 
Fair ... 
Clear . 
Fair .. 

Fair .. 

Fair .. 

Cloudy 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy 



OCTOBEE 2, 18s::. 
[Latitude 43° 50' X., longitude 140° 17 



W.] 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. in. 

a. in. 

7 a. m. 
S a. m. 
9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p. in. 

2 p. in. 

3 p. in. 

4 p. in. 

5 p. in. 

6 p. in. 

7 p. in. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. m. 
10 p. m. 

n p. m. 

12 p. in. 



30.431 
30. 442 
30.418 
30. 454 
30.4G6 
30. 471 

30. 457 
30. 451 
30. 462 
30.477 
30.492 
30. 494 

30. 48G 
30. 484 
30. 494 
30. 489 
30. 453 
30. 473 

30. 444 
30.411 
30. 445 
30.441 
30. 435 
30. 435 



57. 


53.5 


78 


WSW. 


57. 2 


53.3 


75 


WSW. 


57.0 


52.7 


73 


sw. 


57. 1 


53.1 


75 


sw. 


58. 2 


54. 2 


75 


sw. 


58.0 


53.1 


70 


sw. 


58. 


53. 1 


70 


WSW. 


58.0 


53.1 


70 


sw. 


58.0 


53.5 


74 


ssw 


58. 2 


53. 2 


71 


ssw. 


58. 8 


53. 7 


70 


ssw. 


59.0 


53. 7 


G9 


WSW. 


60.0 


54.7 


09 


WSW. 


GO. 4 


54.3 


05 


WSW. 


Gl. 


55.3 


05 


sw. 


61.0 


55. 5 


09 


sw. 


01.0 


55.9 


74 


w. 


01.0 


56. 7 


74 


w. 


GO. 


50. 5 


-7 


w. 


GO. 


:,<;. 5 


7!) 


w. 


GO. 


50. 


70 


s. 


CO. 


50. 5 


7!l 


s. 


CO. 


50. 5 


79 


s. 


CO. 


57. (1 


S2 


s. 



Fresh . . 
Fresli . . 
Fresh . . 
Fresh .. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Fresli . . 
Fresh . . 
Fresh .. : 
Gentle . 
Light . . 

Gentle . 
Gentle . 
Light . . 
Light.. 
Gentle . 
Gentle . 

Gentle . 
Gentle. 
Fresh . . 
Fresli . . 
Fresh . . 
Fresh . . ! 





| i 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 








Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
; Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 

Strains . 
1 Stratus . 

Stratus . 
I Stratus . 

Stratus . 

Stratus . 
! Stratus . 

Stratus . 
! Stratus . 

Stratus . 
I Stratus . 



10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 

10 
10 
10 
10 



00 i 57. 7 
00 57. 5 
00 57. 2 
00 57.0 
00 57. 4 
00 57. G 

CO 
00 
00 
00 

00 
(HI 



57. n 

~u. 8 
58. '_' 

58. 7 

58. .-' 

59. II 



00 
00 

(III 
no 

00 

oe 



59. 5 
59. (i 
59. (i 
59. 7 

59. 7 
59. 7 



00 


59. G 


(1(1 


59. 5 


00 


59. 2 


00 


59.1 


(III 


59. 5 


(III 


59. G 



Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudv. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy- 
Cloudy. 
Cloudv. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
Cloudv. 
Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Cloudy. 
j Cloudy. 
i Cloudv. 

Fair ... 
'Fair ... 



S 
S. 
s. 
s. 
1). 
. r>. 

. D. 

: 1 

.1 A. 
.i A. 
.A. 

. G. 
. G, 

.1 G. 

. G. 

k 

., L. 
L. 
M. 
ML 
M. 
M. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



359 



Mctcorolof/ical record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &e. — Continued. 

OCTOBER 3, 188::. 
[Washington lime. Italic s signifies slow; r signifies rapid. Latitude 42° 50' X., longitude 13G° ;{!)' \\". 1 



1 a. m. 30. 434 

2 a. m.! 8Q.422 

3a. in.! no. 4io 

4 a. m. I 30. 403 

5 a. m. 30. 388 

« a. m. 30. 388 



7 a. 


in. 


3(1. 371 


8a. 


in. 


30. 3C1 


On 


in. 


30. 348 


10 a. 


m. 


311.;:!:: 


11a. 


in. 


30. 345 


12 n 




30. 328 



1 p. ill. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. in. 
.j p. in. 
p. in. 

7 p. in. 

5 p. in. 
9 p. ill. 

10 p. in. 

11 p. in. 

12 p.m. 



30.324 

30. 300 
30. 200 
30. 250 
30.251 
30. 220 

30. 221 
30.194 
30. 177 
SO. ICO 

30. 150 
30. 101 



Hygrometer 


(corrected). 


.3 


.= 






fi 


^ 








V 


R 


*- 


60. o 


57.7 


59. 


57. 5 


59. 


57.5 


59. 8 


57. 1 


59.0 


58. 


00.3 


58. 5 


00.3 


58. 5 


GO. 3 


58. 5 


0d. 2 


58.7 


GO. 5 


58.7 


G1.0 


59. 5 


G1.0 


59. S 


D1.2 


GO. 7 


G1.4 


GO. 


(12. 


G1.0 


02. 


61.5 


02.0 


59.9 | 


02. U 


50. 5 


Gl. 


61.0 


G1.0 


GO. 5 


Gl. 


GO. 


61.0 


60.0 


00.5 


59.0 


60.5 


59.0 



"Wind. 



P. ct. 
86 
85 
85 
85 
94 
89 

89 
89 
01 
89 
01 
93 



S. 

s. 

si\ r . 
sw. 
w. 
w. 

w. 

w. 
w. 

WXW 
WN w 



wxw 
wxw. 

. WNW. 

:* WNW. 

88 WXW. 

88 WJS"\Y. 



WXW. 
AVXW. 
WXW. 
WXW. 
WXW. 
WNAY. 



Gentle 
Gentle 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh. 
Fresh . 

Fresh. 

Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Gentle. 

F.resh .. 
Fresh.. 
Fresh - . 
Fresh - 

Fresh.. 
Fresh . . 

Fresh . . 
Brisk .. 
Brisk.. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk .. 
Brisk . . 



Upper clouds. 



Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

» i 
H dden. 







Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 

Hidden. 


Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 



Lower clouds. 



Stratus 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Ninibus 
Nimbus 

Xinibus. 
Ximbus 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Nimbus. 
Cum. st. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 



P 


























XW.; 







Bain or 

snow. 







CJ 




3 










O 






c 


a 


O 


H 



. 5 



10. 35 



.10 



C.30 



7.10 



Inch 
00 
00 




59. 
5ft G 



00 59. 7 

00 59. 7 

00 CO. 1 

CO ! 00. 2 



Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 



00 


00.3 


00 


60.4 


00 


0(). 5 


00 


60.8 


. — 


CO. 8 


.01 


01.0 


.01 


01.2 


.— 


01.7 


, — 


62. 2 


00 


62.0 


00 


62. 


00 


02.0 





02.4 


. — 


62.6 


00 


02.5 


00 


63.0 


00 


G2. 5 


00 


62. G 



Fair 

Cloudy 

Light rain. 
Light rain. 

Light rain. 
Ligh t rain . 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Light rain. 
Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 



S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 

D. 

li. 

D. 
D. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

G. 

C. 
G. 
G. 
L. 

L. 

L. 
L. 

M. 
M. 
M. 

M , 



OCTOBER 4, 1883. 
1 Latitude 41° 28' N., longitude 132° 10' W.] 



1 a. m. 


30. 192 


01.2 


59.3 


89 


XNW. 


Brisk .J 


2 a. in. 


3.0.104 


Gl. 


58.9 


87 


XXW. 


Brisk . . 


3 a. m. 


30. 190 


60.3 


58.3 


88 


XNW. 


Brisk .. 


4 a. m. 


30. 179 


60.0 


58.2 


89 


X. 


Brisk . . 


5 a. m. 


30. 1G1 


60.0 


55. 


71 


N. 


Brisk . . 


a. m. 


30. 173 


GO. 


54.1 


70 


X. 


Brisk .. 


7 a. m. 


30. 107 


60. 


55. 


71 


X. 


Brisk .. 


8 a. m. 


30. 194 


59.5 


(i) 


(1) 


X. 


Brisk . . 


9 a. m. 


30. 208 


59. 5 


(1) 


(t) 


XNW. 


Brisk .. 


10 a. m. 


30. 202 


59.7 


ft) 


ft) 


X. 


Brisk . . 


11 a. in. 


3.0. 19S 


GO. 5 


(t) 


(t) 


X. 


Brisk .. 


12 m. 


30. 1S5 


60.0 


(?) 


0) 


N. 


Brisk ..! 


1 p. in. 


30. 208 


{59. 7 


50. 2 


79 


XNW. 


Busk 


2 p.m. 


30.216 


59. S l 


54. 5 


68 


XNW. 


Brisk .. 


3 J), in. 


30. 22S 


00. 2 


53. 9 


03, 


NNW. 


Brisk . . 


4 p. m. 


30. 233 


59. 


51. 5 


73 


XXW. 


Brisk .. 


5 p. in. 


30. 230 


60. 


54.7 


00 


N W 


Brisk ..; 


p. in. 


30.230 


50. S 


54.7 


69 


NNW. 


Brisk .. 


7 p. m. 


30. 250 


GO. 


55. 


71 


xw. 


Brisk . . 


8 p. in. 


30. 200 


59.5 


54.7 


73 


xw. 


Brisk .. 


fl p. m. 


30. 2G0 


58.8 


53. 2 


G7 


XNW. 


nigh... 


10 p. m. 


30. 202 


57. 5 


54.0 


79 


XW. 


Brisk .. 


31 p. in. 


30. 263 


58.2 


54. 2 


7G 


xw. 


Brisk .. 


1- p. in. 


30. 274 


58.0 


53.0 


70 


NW. 


Brisk . . 



Hidden. 

I ° ! 

Hidden. 









li 


Hidden 




Cum 1 

Hidden. 

Cir. err.. I 3 | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
|0I 



i j 
Hidden. 

| | 
I .0 



Stratus- 10 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 

Stratus .j 10 

Stratus . 4 

Stratus . 8 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Cum. st . 
Cumulus 



Cumulus; 9 



Stratus. 9 
Stratus . 10 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 10 
Stratus. 10 
Cum. st.f 8 



Cum. st 
Cumulus 
Cum. st. 
Cum. st. 
Nimbus. 
Stratus . 
Stratus . 















X.s 
X.s 
X.s 

XNW.s 
XXW.r 
NXW.r 

NW.r 


NW.s 

XW.s 
XW.s } 
XW.s $ 




XW.s 
XW.s 



9.40 



10.20 






62.0 


00 


62.4 


00 


62.6 


00 


03.7 


00 


C3. 


00 


(13.1 


00 


03. G 


00 


03.3 


00 


03. 



00 
00 

00 

oo 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 
.01 
.01 
00 



03. 
63.8 

04. 
64.0 
G!.4 
64. o 
04.4 
04.6 

64.5 

6-1.0 

63.0 
63.1 
63.0 
63. 6 



Cloudy I S. 

Cloudy S. 

Cloudy....! S. 

Cloudy I S. 

Fair D. 

Cloudy....! H. 



Cloud v.- - 
Cloudy... 
Cloudy .. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy.... 

Cloudy 

Cloudy---. 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Fair 

Fair 

Light rain. 

Fair 

Cloudy 



D. 
D. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
L. 
L. 

L. 

L. 

M. 
M. 

M. 
M. 



* Light shower of rain between observations. 

t Exposed thermometer broken ; wet bulb used as exposed. 

+ A thermometer substituted for the broken one. 



360 



EXPEDITION TO POINT I3AEROW, ALASKA. 



Meteorological record of the voyage of the schooner Leo, &c. — Continued. 



OCTOBER 5, 18S3. 
[Washington time. Italic * signifies slow ,■ r signifies rapid. Latitude 39° 56' X., longitude 128° 28' TV.] 



H 


u 








s 


cS 


> 


o 








CS 


VJ 


.a 


o 




O 






CJ 


a 








H 


O 


1 a. m. 


30. 293 


2 a. m. 


30. 303 


3 a.m. 


30. 30G 


4 a. m. 


30.304 ! 


5 a. in. 


30. 30C : 


a.m. 


30. 304 


7 a.m. 


30. 299 


8 a.m. 


30. 297 


9 a. m. 


30. 296 


10 a.m 


30. 299 


11 a. in. 


30. 309 


12 in. 


30. 310 


1 p. m. 


30.314 | 


2 p. m. 


30.295 


3 p. in. 


30.317 ; 


4 p. 1)1. 


30.315 : 


5 p. in. 


30.297 ! 


6 p. m. 


30.279 j 


7 p. m. 


30. 2G7 


8 p. m. 


30. 254 


9 p. m. 


30. 256 


10 p. m. 


30.261 


lip. in. 


30. 273 


12 p. m. 


30. 256 

1 



Hygrometer 
(corrected). 



59.8 
59.0 
59.0 
59. 2 
59.3 
59.0 

57.4 
57.4 
58.5 
58.0 
53. 8 
58.8 

59.0 
59.0 
59.3 
59.2 
59.5 
59.0 

59.0 
59.0 
58.2 
58.5 
57.7 
57.8 



50.0 
54.5 
54.3 
54.2 
54.0 
51.3 

53.9 
53.9 
54.0 
53.5 
55.2 
54.3 

54.5 
54.5 
53.3 
54.2 
53.7 
53.7 

53.7 

54.7 
54.7 
54.5 
55.0 
55.0 



r.a 

71 
73 
72 
70 
68 
72 

78 
78 
74 
74 
79 
74 

73 
73 
65 

70 
68 

68 

67 
76 
79 

7G 
83 
82 



Wind. 



Tipper clouds. 



Lower clouds. 



S I 

si 



Nff. 

N. 

X. 
N. 
N. 

X. 
N. 
X. 
X. 
N. 
NNE. 

N. 
X. 

X. 

X. 
X. 
X. 



Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Fresh . 

Brisk . 
Brisk . 
Ficsh . 
Fresh . 
Brisk . 
Brisk . 

Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
Fresh . 
i Fresh . 



I | 
Hidden. 
Hidden. 
10) 



i 







Cumulus 

Cu. st. . 







3 ' 



Hidden. 
Cumulusl 4 1 " 



XXW. Fresh . 
X. ! Fresh . 
XNW. i Fresh . 
NSW. : Fresh. . 
XNW. ! Fresh . 
XNW. : Fresh . 



Cirrus . . 
Cirrus -. 
Cirrus -- 
C in us 
Cir. cu . . 
Cir. cu .. 

Cir. cu . . 


Cirrus .. 
Cirrus .. 
Cirrus . . 









Stratus .' 
Nimbus. I 
Stratus . 
Stratus . i 

Stratus . 
Stratus . ! 

Stratus .! 
Stratus . 
Cn. str.. 
Cu. str.J 
Cumulus' 
Cu. str..| 

Cumulus! 

Cumulus 
Cumulus; 
Cumulus' 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 

Cumulus 
Cumulus 
Cumulus 

Cumulus: 
Cumulus 

Stratus . 



Bain or 
snow. 



ii 



O I H 










X.r 
X.s 


X.s 
X.s 



X.s 

X.s 
X.s 

X.s 
X.s 
X.s 

X.s 

X s 
XNW.s 
NNW.s 

SSff.s 




i 





! 1.45 

i 


"i.'io" 


! 






















11.10 




11.35 











i 




| 























Inch. 
00 

!oi 

oo 

00 

to 

CO 
00 
00 
00 
00 



63.7 
63. G 
63.0 
63.8 
04.4 
01.4 



Fair 

Light rain. 
Cloudy 



Clear. 
Fair. . 



04.3 ; Fair.... 
64.5 Fair.... 
G3. 8 Cloudy 

03.8 'Fair..'. 
03. 8 ; Cloudy 

03.9 Fair..". 



03.4 , Cloudv. 

03.2 : Fail'..'.. 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair.... 



63.1 
63.4 
60.5 
60.0 



59. 8 
00. s 
00.0 
00.7 
61.0 
61.2 



Fair 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair 



S. 
S. 

s. 
u. 

D. 

D. 
D. 

I A. 

\t 
| A. 

G. 
G. 
G. 
G. 
L. 
L. 

L. 
L. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
\X. 



OCTOBER 6, 1883. 
[Latitude 38° 39' X., longitude 124° 47' W. 



1 a. in. 


30. 240 


57. 


55. 5 


90 


xxw. 


Fresh . . 1 


2 a. m. 


30. 242 


56.3 


54.4 


87 


Jiff. 


Brisk . . | 


3 a.m. 


30. 239 


57.0 


55.0 


87 


NTT. 


Brisk ..l 


4 a. m. 


30. 232 


57.2 


55.4 


88 


xw. 


Fresh ..! 


5 a. m. 


30. 189 


57.1 


55.3 


88 


xw. 


Fresh . . 


6 a. m. 


30. 172 


56.3 


53.7 


83 


xw. 


Fresh . . 


7 a. m. 


30.100 


56.2 


54.8 


91 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


8 a. m. 


30. 155 


56.2 


54.8 


91 


xw. 


Fresh . . 


9 a. m. 


30. 103 


56.5 


53. 5 


81 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


10 a. in. 


30. 10S 


56.8 


53.8 


81 


XW. 


Fresh . . 


11 a.m. 


30.170 


56. 


53. 5 


84 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


12 m. 


30. 173 


55. 5 


53.2 


85 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


1 p. m. 


30.171 


54.7 


52.4 


85 


NW. 


Fresh . . 


2 p. m. 


30. 171 


54.5 


51.0 


77 


XXW. 


Fresh . . 


3 p. m. 


30. 101 


54.8 


51.5 


78 


XNW. 


Fresh.. 


4 p. m. 


30.131 


54. 5 


51.5 


80 


NNW. 


Fresh . . 


5 p. m. 


30.114 


55.0 


51.7 


71 


XNW. 


Fresh . . 


6 p.m. 


30. 074 


50.0 


53.2 


SI 


XNW. 


Fresh .. 


7 p. m. 


30. 081 


55.0 


52.7 


84 


NNW. 


Fresh-. 


8 p.m. 


30. 005 


54.5 


52.0 


84 


NNW. 


Fresh . . 


9 p. m. 


30. 120 


54.0 


51.0 


80 


NNW. 


Brisk .. 


10 p.m. 


30. 075 


53.0 


50.0 


80 


NW. 


Brisk .. 


1 1 p. m. 


30. 003 


52.0 


50.1 


83 


NW. 


Brisk .. 


12 p. m. 


30. 047 


52.6 


50.6 


80 


NW. 


Brisk . . 






















































o 








i 
o 








o 








o ; 


Cumulus 


3 






































o 


























o ! 










j 








o 








o 








o 

















o 








o ! 



Stratus . 
Stratus . 
Stratus 
Stratus . 
Stratus 
Stratus 

Stratus 
Stratus . 
Cu. str.. 
Cu. str.. 
Cu. str. 
Stiatus 

Stratus 








Cumulus 














NW.r 




- 


























t.- 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
DO 

CO 
CO 
00 

oo 

00 
00 
00 
CO 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 I 

eo 



00.7 : Cloudy.... S. 

60.0 ! Fair./ I S. 

C8.8 ! Fair , S. 

00.6 ! Clear S. 

01.0 ; Clear | D. 

61.7 Clear D. 

C1.0 Clear ■ T). 

60.5 Clear D. 

56.1 Fair ! A. 

58.8 Fair.. -X. 

55.0 Clear A. 

54.4 Clear A. 



54. 
03. 9 
54.1 

52. 8 
.">:;. 5 
53.2 

53. 8 

53. S 

54. u 
53. :; 

03. (i 



Clear 
Clear 
Clear 
Clear 

Clear 
Clear 

Clear 

C'ear 
Clear 
Clear 
Clear 

Clear 





G. 




C. 




G. 




G. 




L. 




L. 




T.. 




1.. 




Ti 




ir 




M 




M 



OCTOBER 7, 1883. 



[Latitude 37° 48' 20" X., longitude 122° 24' 39" W. ] 



1 a.m. 


30. 050 


2 a lr. 


30. 054 


3 a. in. 


30. 052 


4 r . m. 


30. 052 



53.2 51.2 


80 


XW. 


53.0 | 51.3 


88 


NAV. 


53. 8 1 52. 


88 


NW. 


53. 5 ! 52. 


88 


S. 

1 



Fresh . . 
Fresh . . 
Gentle . 
Light .. 



i Stratus . 

Stratus . 



Stratus . 



10.110 a. m. small, incomplete rainbow. 
1 Light shower of rain between observations. 
j 4.35 a.m. passed the "Heads" into the Harbor of San Francisco. 



00 


54. 2 


00 


54. 


oo 


D5. •> 


00 


57.0 




EXPEDITION 1*0 POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 361 



AURORA. 

The aurora was observed hourly during the whole period when there was sufficient darkness 
to allow it to be visible, and any extraordinary appearances observed between the hours wcro 
also noted. 

The bearings given all refer to the true meridian, and as well as the altitudes are all estimated, 
as the aurora was never quiet enough for instrumental observation. 

The brightness of the aurora was estimated on a scale of to 4. 

AURORAL RECORD, OOGLAAMIE, ALASKA, 1881, 1832, 1883. 

Time of beginning and time of ending — Washington time. 

October 17, 1881, 1.57 a. in. to 3.35 a. in.— From a point 30° W. of N. through Ursa Major and the 
Pleiades to a point about 15° E. of S. It was a brilliant arch of white light showing very little 
tremulous or lateral motion and only a few merry-dancers were observed. As a whole it had a 
motion to the S. and moved nearly 45° past the zenith before it was obscured. 

October 22, 1881, 2.10 a. in. to 6.30 a, m.— From the MW. to the SE., passing through Ursa 
Major, the Pleiades and Hyades. Very brilliant white light without any changes of color. Very 
bright toward its southern end. Several arches appeared in succession. Very little lateral motion. 

October 27, 1SS1, 7 a.m. to 7 a. in. — Observed through breaks in the clouds. It was appar- 
ently brilliant, but the weather was too cloudy to allow it to be observed. 

October 27 and 28, 1881, 10.30 p. m. to 8 a. m.— From a point 5° W. of N. to the SE. Not 
remarkably brilliant, but displayed a good deal of tremulous motion, and sometimes assumed tho 
curtain form. At first it was white, but changed to sulphur yellow. Position constantly changing, 
but the change confined to the higher part of the arch, the ends retaining a comparatively fixed 
position. Time of ending is the time last seen. 

October 30, 1S81, 7 a. in. to 10 a. m. — General position as usual, and not stationary for any time. 
A bright arch of the curtain character possessed a good deal of motion, both of vibration and 
translation. A few streamers at 7.30 a. m. 

November 3, 1881, 2.30 a. m. to 5 a. m. — NW. to SE., passing through Ursa Major and the 
Pleiades. An arch of irregular form and pale color. Cloudiness prevented much observation. 
But little motion observed. 

November 0, 1S81, 12.15 a. m. to 7.10 a. m. — From NNW, to nearly SE. Position constantly 
changing. Not very brilliant, but dimmed by the superior brilliance of the moon. There were 
intervals of cessation amounting at times to an hour and more, when it became imperceptible. 
At 7 a. m. it flashed into great brilliance for a short time. It then extended from the horizon 
NNW. through Cygnus to Cassiopeia, where it curved back toward the NW. It was then full of 
quivering vibratory motion, the motion being mainly lateral or back and forward from E. to W. 

November 7, 1881, G a.m. to 8.10 a. m. — General direction from NW. to SE. ; position con- 
stantly changing. Three bands sometimes uniting and forming one, and sometimes two arches. 
Very brilliant at times and a great deal of vibratory motion observed. 

November 11, 1881, 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. — N. to NE. Faint bands changing rapidly and vertical 
to the horizon. There were several patches of flocculent light, sometimes approaching the curtain 
form, but always very faint. 

November 12, 1881, 4.50 a. m. to S.30 a. m. — When first seen it was low down near the northern 
horizon extending from NNW. to SE., and rising slowly. At 7 a. m. it extended through Ursa 
Major and Leo down to the SE. At 8 a. m. nothing remained but a short curtain directly below 
Cygnus. A faint and irregular arch with a slow upward motion. Very few traces of color and 
very little quivering or lateral motion. Eendered fainter by the moonlight. AVeather clear. 

November 12 and 13, 1881, 10.50^. m. to 10.30 a, m.— North, low down. At 12 m. a very faint 

arch with its center in Gemini. At 7 a. m. a faint light extending from Orion to the moon. A 

streamer iu the E. at 9 a. m. ; still visible at 10 a. m. Faint rays perpendicular to the horizoru 

sometimes scarcely perceptible, but possessing a quick flashing motion as if it were the reflection 

H. Ex. 44 46 



8432 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAElJOW, ALASKA. 

of lights below the horizon. When the arch appeared it had no apparent motion and only lasted 
a short time ; the light in the S. at at 7 a. m. resembled a baud of faintly illuminated cirrus cloud. 

November 15, 1881, 3 a. m. to 3.15 a. in. — Position not observed. Seen through breaks in the 
clouds. 

November 10, 1881, G.45 a.m. to 10.30 a. in. — NW. to SE. ; position continually changing.. Firsfe 
seen at 0.45 a. in., when the clouds rolled off. At 8 a. m. an irregular curtained arch ran from the 
NW. horizon, passing S. of the Pleiades through Orion and down to the moon. Below this to 
the S. was a complete arch elevated about 15° above the horizon with a well defined dark segment 
below it. Patches of nebulous light were, at the same time, visible in different parts of the sky 
to the N. and NE. At 9 a. m. several detached segments of curtains were scattered over the 
zenith and N. and NE. sky, while a broad and pale band extended round the southern sky from 
the NW. to the SE., forming a semicircle elevated about 10° above the horizon Avith the " dark 
segment" below it. At 10 a. m. all that remained was a pale narrow band passing through the 
zenith, and at 10.30 all had faded away. 

November 16, 1S81, 9.30^. to. to 11.55 jp. TO. — From NNW. to SE., constantly changing both in 
position and appearance. Arch developed rapidly into a broad curtain with a number of streamers 
at its northern end. It rose rapidly, passed the zenith and soon faded away, and was succeeded 
by another very brilliant one, of intense sulphur-yellow color, running through the zenith from NW. 
to SE. There was a quick quivering motion, curtains formed and faded, and faint rays shot 
upward in the well-known form of flames arising from burning alcohol ; these arches followed 
each other in quick succession and seemed mostly to be propagated from the SE. to the NW. 
Disappeared at 11.35 p. in. 

November 17, 1881, 7 a. m. to 11.40 a. to.-^-NW. to SSE. A low arch passing through the beltof 
Orion, brightness 2. Another narrow band (brightness 3) reached from N W. horizon to the Hyades. 
Very little change was exhibited except that the light grew gradually paler, and at 9 a. m. had 
resolved itself into a number of nebulous patches scattered over the southern half of the sky, but 
at the same time a bright curtain appeared near the northern horizon. All faded and became 
more diffused, and finally disappeared at 11.40 a. in. 

November IS, 1S81, 1 a. to. to lp. m. — Large auroral streamers rising from near the northern 
horizon almost to the zenith, first seen at 1 a. in., and had disappeared at 2 a. m. At 7.20 a. m. it 
reappeared, and several bands or irregular arches appeared, passing through the zenith from NW. 
to SE., but being, to a great extent, obscured by clouds, their position and peculiarities could not 
well be determined. The arches had changed at 9 a. m. to a broad band of very pale diffused 
light to the southward running through Orion. Seen at intervals, though very indistinct, until 
1 p. m., when it entirely disappeared. 

November 19, 1SS1, 3.10 a. m. to 3.30 a. m. — A pale narrow band appeared in the zenith running 
from from NW. to SE. Disappeared at 3.30 a. m. 

November 19, 1881, and 20, 1881, 8 v. to. to 10.40 a. m. — This aurora was a very extensive one 
and assumed a ver3 r great variety of shapes and xiositions. It was at no time A-ery brilliant as a 
whole, though some of the curtains were quite bright. There were but few traces of color other 
than bright sulphur yellow and white. There seemed two foci from which the rays, bands, and 
arches seemed to spring, one in the NNW. and the other in the SE. Erom these points the arches 
were mostly propagated in direction of their length, not simultaneously but A*ery irregularly. The 
development of the arches was always rapid, and, once they were formed, their motion upward to 
the zenith and to the southward, though not A T ery perceptible at any particular instant, was also 
very rapid. At 7 a. m. the greater part of the sky was more or less illuminated; bands, curtains, 
and patches of pale nebulous light were scattered OA'er it in great confusion. After this it began to 
fade, and disappeared at 10.40 a. in. 

November 21, 1881, 9 a. to. to 10.20 a. m. — Indistinct and dim; seen through the clouds, so that 
peculiarities, if any, could not be observed. 

November 21 and 22, 1881, 12 mid-day to 10.40 a. m. — Had some short intervals of intermission and 
periods of comparative brilliancy. The light was very pale and diffusive, the bands mostly broad 
and ill-defined. At 7 a. m. reached its greatest brilliance, when a bright irregular arch Avas formed, 
narrow at the ends and A r ery broad at the top. The broad part consisted of a number of bands. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 363 

sometimes reaching' the number of six, but mostly fewer. When at their broadest they extended 
from llegulus to the head of Orion. All the arches that appeared had the usual motion to the 
southward. There was a good deal of vibratory motion, but the vibrations being extremely short 
they were scarcely perceptible. Most of the arches were propagated laterally from the SE. 
Finally it broke up into numerous rays and nebulous patches scattered over the sky and disap- 
peared. 

November 23, 1881, 1 a. m. to 10.20 a. m. — Commenced as faint diffused light near the northern 
horizon, which soon brightened and extended to the eastward, so as to form a bright curtained 
arch which at 2 a. m. extended through Ursa Major, through Gemini, and a little above Orion, 
with both its ends sharpl} r curved toward the N. From its upward side rose numerous slender 
quivering rays of almost imperceptible light, which sometimes separated from the parent arch and 
united laterally at their bases, forming a second but less brilliant arch above the old one. Occa- 
sional streamers appeared at its north end. I may here remark that the sharp curvature of the 
ends of arches toward the N. is a general feature up to the present. At 7 a. m. reduced to a broad 
band extending a few degrees along the northern horizon "with steady light and brightness 3. 
Very faint arches in the S. 

Eight a. m. low arch running from SSE. to SAY., E. end brilliant, highest point between Orion 
and the Hyades; at 9 this arch had developed into a broad fan-shaped sheaf of pale streamers 
rising nearly to the zenith. After this it gradually faded and disappeared at 10.20 a. m. 

November 23 and 24, 1881, 9.30 p. m., 12 noon. — Faint streaks and partly developed rays in the 
SE. at 9.30 p. m. Soon afterwards developed into several broad bands of very irregular shape 
extending from SE. to NW. through Ursa Major. Very bright spiral whorls in the SE. at 11 p. 
m. while a faint band crossed to the NAY. At 12 p. m. top of arch was in Oygnus pale in the SE. 
but bright in the NW. with an occasional streamer. After this slowly faded, and all that remained 
until G a. m. was a band of very pale diffused light lying along the S. and STY. horizon. 

At 7 a. m. a pale semicircular arch extended around the horizon with an elevation of about 
15° from a point right under Eegulus through the head of Orion, and ended in the NW. In the 
W., when brightest, a number of pale converging rays shot up occasionally towards the zenith, 
which soon afterwards rose and formed an imperfect corona with converging point exactly in the 
zenith. There was a great display of motion — very rapid — up and down and lateral, but Avith 
nothing approaching regularity. Merry dancers, whorls, and convolutions followed each other in 
quick succession. The general motion was from S. to N., the opposite of what itusually is. Afterit 
passed the zenith it became very bright in the NW. so that the illumination cast therefrom on the 
snow was distinctly visible; occasional dark rays at this time shot across it upwards towards the 
zenith. They appeared very dark, and seemed like shadows of sonie opaque bodies thrown across 
the surrounding brightness. At 9 a. m. it was considerably faded, and all that remained was the 
usual faint band lying near the southern horizon running from SE. to NW. At about 11 a. ra. it 
brightened somewhat again and a few rays again appeared in the NW. and extended. nearly to the 
zenith. Disappeared at 12 m. 

November 25, 1881, 5 a. m. to 9 a. m. — Faint patches appearing at intervals at different parts 
of the sky, principally in the E.; at 8 a. m. had developed into a broad wavy line-running from SE. 
horizon through zenith to the NW., its brightest point being in the SE. At 8 a. m. a small arch 
from SE. to N. about 15° above the horizon, and another broken irregular arch from the same 
point to the NW. but very faint; still seen through breaks in the clouds at 9 a. m., but immedi- 
ately afterwards obscured. 

Xovembcr 2G, 1S81, 2.20 a. m. to 3.30 a. m.— Occasional glimpses of auroral bands through the 
clouds to the SE. during this time. 

November 27, 1SS1, 1 a. m. to 9 a. m. — Probably brilliant, but the clouds prevented it beiug 
satisfactorily seen. At 2 a. m. the light appeared to form a circle round the zenith, a corona being 
probably formed. An arch of irregular shape ran from N. to SE. at an elevation of about 15° 
above the northern horizon at 7 a. m., brightest at the N. end, with occasional streamers. After 
this it became much dimmer, but did not disappear until it was obscured by clouds about 9 a. in. 

November 28, 1881, 2 a. m. to 1 p. m. — When first observed it appeared as two low broken 
arches running from the SE. to a point NNW. At the same time the sky was covered with patches 



3G4 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

of nebulous light resembling cirro-cumulus cloud. Changed rapidly, and was succeeded by a, 
brilliant convoluted arch running- up through Orion's "belt," through Taurus, and through Cassi- 
opeia, which was iu the zenith towards the NW. Faint and irregular until 7 a. m., when there 
was another burst of brilliancy. A brilliant serpentine arch extended from the NNW. through 
Ursa Major to the SE. It exhibited none of the usual quiescence, but was rapidly and intensely in 
motion with streamers shooting upwards and converging towards a point in Auriga. There was 
no predominant direction of motion, and the general characters changed with great rapidity. The 
sky near the zenith was filled with bands, patches, and segments of arches, but all was changing 
every minute. The amount of light was 2, but no traces of color appeared other than white and 
pale sulphur yellow. After this there was no further display. The light became diffused and dif- 
ficult to locate, with isolated patches appearing at intervals in different parts of the sky until it 
finally faded about 1 p. m. 

November 28 and 29, 1881, 11.50 p. on to G a. m. — First observed as a faint band starting exactly 
at Arcturus and running a little below Ursa Major until lost in the clouds near Gemini. This 
was rapidly succeeded by other bands and patches in various parts of the sky until about 1.50 a. 
m. of the 29th, when a magnificent burst of energy occurred. Over every part of the shy uncov- 
ered by clouds masses of light of every shape and form flashed out all in a condition of intense 
vibration. There seemed to be three foci of activity, one E., one S., and one W. (magnetic), each 
about 20° above the horizon. The changes in character were extremely rapid, so that it was 
impossible to get a mental image of the whole phenomena at any particular instant of time owing 
to this fact ; the variety and multiplicity of features being such that the mind could not grasp 
them all at once. A brilliant but irregularly formed corona appeared with its converging point 
in Cassiopeia, which was then in the zenith, and flashed and gyrated, changing its character and 
shape every instant. The colors displayed were various and very intense — orange, green, pink, 
rose, yellow, and crimson; green and rose predominated. Magnet at this time was deflected 4° 17' 
to the west of magnetic meridian. The display lasted about twenty minutes, after Avhich it gradu- 
ally faded and assumed the usual diffused and indistinct form. The increasing cloudiness pre- 
vented its being clearly observed afterwards, but traces were visible until a. m. 

November 30, 1881, 4.30 a. on. to 7.25 a. on.— Patches of nebulous light, incipient arches, and 
occasional pale rays slowly developed in various parts of the sky, all more or less diffused, but 
constantly changing in character. A pale wavy arch at 7 a. m. ran from the NW. through Cygnus 
to Arcturus, Avhere it bent off to the S. until lost in the clouds at the feet of Orion. Sky obscured 
after 7 a. m. 

December 1, 1881, 1.50 a. on. to 10 a. on. — Faint band appeared extending from a point almost 
due 1ST., passing through Taurus and ending in Orion; narrow and moving slowly to the south- 
ward. Patches and bands and much diffused light succeeded, but assumed no very definite forms; 
obscured by clouds about 5.30 a. m. ; still visible, though faint, until 10 a. m. 

December 5 and G, 1881, 11 p. on. to 2 a. on. — First observed as a faint band running from E. to 
SSW., with an altitude of 20°. Remained faint, and faded away occasionally, but very difficult to 
observe from the haziness of the sky. At 12 m. several bands appeared to the northward, passing 
through Ursa Major. Not seen after 2 a. m. of the Gth, but as the magnetic needles were con- 
stantly disturbed for several hours afterwards, it probably still continued, though obscured by 
clouds. 

December 7, 1881, S a. on. — Small patches of curtain aurora in NW. at S a. m., with an altitude 
of 10°, sending up one long streamer; changing rapidly. 

December 8, 1881, 12.30 a. on. to 12 midday. — This was one of the most magnificent displays 
that has yet occurred here. First appearance was in the S. and SE., and for several hours nothing 
appeared but a few pale arches and bauds which had no remarkable feature, worthy of notice ex- 
cept the rapidity with which they changed their position and character. They appeared faded, 
and reappeared in various parts of the sky so quickly that it was very difficult to localize them. 
At 2.40 a. in. a narrow greenish-yellow arch with a beautiful rosy fringe developed in the SSE. 
and in a few minutes extended through Taurus, Cassiopeia, and Cygnus down to the N., and for 
about ten minutes displayed some extremely beautiful tints, especially along its northern half; it 
seemed to be composed of an infinite number of short rays in a condition of intense vibration, the 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 365 

motion being' principally in direction of its length, while flashes of the most vivid coloring beamed 
out in most bewildering variety. At the same time numerous rays and patches of quivering light 
appeared in various parts of the sky in quick succession, dancing and gyrating to and fro swift as 
the lightning's flash. "While the northern half of the arch remained thus brilliant, the southern 
half faded away. A few minutes afterwards a patch of rosy greenish light appeared in the middle 
of Orion and in a minute or two developed into numerous sheafs of rays with the greatest variety 
and intensity of motion and displaying the most brilliant colors as they rose and converged to a 
point close to the star Algol, forming an imperfect but most brilliant corona, which swayed and 
swirled and eddied round our zenith with a kaleidoscopic magnificence utterly indescribable ; the 
changes of tint, aspect, and position were so rapid and numerous that the eye strove to following 
their bewildering confusion in vain. The geueral motion was to the N., though a brilliant curtain 
was at the same time moving towards the zenith from the N. The brilliance of the moon seemed 
to have little effect on the intensity of the colors which appeared. The colors were very numerous, 
orange, yellow, rose, ruby-red, peach-blossom, emerald-green, and numerous intermediate tints 
changed and interchanged in beautiful confusion; the whole phenomena of waving wreaths, flick- 
ering fumes, rays, curtains, fringes, bands, and flashing colors, the strange confusion of light and 
motion, presented a picture of which words can convey a very poor idea. The whole display lasted 
about 30 minutes. There was also intense magnetic disturbance during this time, the needles being 
almost unmanageable. A peculiarity of this Aurora was its lowness in the atmosphere, several 
patches of cloud apparently not very elevated appearing far above it. Did not entirely disappear 
until about 12 midday. The apparent elevation of the cloud may have been caused by an optical 
illusion. 

December 8 and 9, 1S81, 10.50 p. in. to 10 a. m. — First appeared as a patch of nebulous light 
immediately below Ursa Major; other patches soon afterwards appeared, and several partially 
developed arches were observed up to midnight, when it brightened a little and several broad 
diffused bands were found passing through the zenith. Quivering rays appeared to the SE. in 
Orion, and a partly formed corona in the zenith at 1 a. m. After this to 10 a. m. occasional bands, 
patches, and rays of light appeared in various parts of the sky, and several times a complete arch 
was formed, but mostly pale and ill-deftned. The magnetic needles were disturbed to a consider- 
able extent about 8 a. m. 

December 10, 1881, 10.30 p. in. to 12 m. — Faint detached rays appeared in various parts of the 
northern quarter of the sky, and a few converged towards the zenith from Ursa Major. Soon 
afterwards they faded considerably, and for intervals of half an hour at a time were entirely in- 
visible. 

December 11, 1881, 5 a. in. to 8 a. in. — Faint and irregular in shape, no variety of color, and but 
little motion other than the general motion of translation. 

December 11, 1881, 11 p. m, to 11.15 p. m. — Straight auroral bands converging towards the 
zenith, all faint and pale, lasted about 20 minutes. 

December 12, 1881, 2 a. m. to 10.50 a. m. — Two narrow bands (brightness 2) running from the 
north point to the SE. For the next four hours the sky was clouded, but at 7 a. m. a pale cur- 
tained band low down in the north under Oygnus with a few rays above it; this rose and expanded 
into numerous others, which covered the sky for about 20° on each side of the zenith, running from 
JfW. to SE. There was very little motion at this time, but the magnetic needles were a good deal 
disturbed. At 9 a. m. there was a very irregular curtained arch in the zenith which constantly 
and rapidly changed both its position and character, the magnets being still disturbed. From 9.20 
to 10.30 a. m. the aurora was invisible, but at 10.30 it reappeared in the shape of several bands 
and patches of floeculent light in various parts of the sky and lasted 20 minutes, when it finally 
disappeared. 

December 12 and 13, 1SS1, 9 p. m. to 10.30 a. in. — First seen at 9 p. m. as a broad pale arch of 
lambent lnminiferous vapor running from N. to SE. with its center in Gemini. From this posi- 
tion it did not materially change until nearly 1 a. m. of the 13th. The dark segment Avas very 
strongly marked below it. This is the first aurora of this kind I have seen since our arrival; it is 
also the first that has remained for so long a period stationary — nearly four hours. About 1 a. m. 
it began moving upwards and augmented greatly iu brightness, and in a few minutes developed 



366 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBGW, ALASKA. 

into an extremely brilliant band of yellowish, white light rising from the horizon due X., making a 
great sweeping curve upwards, and extending through Cygnus to the zenith, Taurus, and down 
into Orion. There was much quiet movement, the vibrations being very short, mostly in direc- 
tion of its length, but no variety of coloring. The pale hazy arch and dark segment reformed un- 
derneath, and hung for some time longer in the X. and XE. The bright arch above, however, soon 
moved to the southward, and a very brilliant series of broken curtains and convolutions appeared 
in Orion, but all soon faded considerably, and nothing appeared except numerous disconnected 
bands and patches of diffused and flocculent light until about 4.30 a. m., when it disappeared for 
nearly an hour. About 6 a. m. there was another brilliant burst in the X. moving very rapidly 
towards the horizon. Up to this time the magnets showed very little disturbance, but immediately 
on this display the disturbance became very great, the unifilar magnet being deflected out of the 
field to the W. so far that the azimuth circle had to be removed 2° 10' to bring it back so as to 
point the telescope on its axis. After a. m. there were occasional rays and bands in various parts 
of the sky, but mostly pale and indistinct. All disappeared about 10.30 a. m. 

December 14, 188.1, 1 a. m. to 1 p. m. — First seen very indistinct near the SE. point of horizon, 
and afterwards only at intervals glimpses were had of it through the clouds, and was last seen as 
a narrow band of white light extending from XW. to SE. with its highest point in Ursa Minor at 
1 p. m. 

December 14 and 15, 1881, 10 p. in. to 2.30^. in. — Faint traces in XE., where it remained as a 
series of irregular patches and partly arches, disappearing and reappearing from time to time up 
to about 2 a. m. of the 15th, when it became more extensive but still retained its diffused and irregu- 
lar character. At 4 a. m. the magnets were much disturbed, though the display at the time was 
very faint; the weather being very hazy however at the time, it was difficult to determine its 
extent. Occasional bands formed and moved southward up to 12 midday, when several bands 
appeared and remained for a short time, but displayed no remarkable features. Disappeared about 
2.30 p. m. 

December 15, 1881, 11 p. m, to 11 a. in. December 10. — Pale arch in XE. with its highest point in 
Gemini, but as the clouds soon increased rapidly its after position could not be determined, though 
occasional traces were observed through breaks. At 9 a. m., 10th, a broad pale band was visible 
through the clouds. It was not seen afterwards, but at 11 a. m. the magnets were greatly dis- 
turbed ; the unifilar needle being so strongly deflected to the eastward that it was necessary to 
move the azimuth circle 3° 4' so as to enable observer to point on axis. It remained in this con- 
dition for nearly three hours. 

December 10 and 17, 1881, 11 p. in. to 10.30 a. in. — Faint traces of auroral light low down in the 
XE. ; at 12 midnight a still arch, broad, pale; and with the dark segment strongly marked below it, 
extended from the center of Bootes through Gemini down to the head of Orion. Very little motion 
was perceptible, and soon afterwards it disappeared, but soon reappeared again as a few straggling 
rays in Bootes, which continued to fade and flicker for a time and then faded away for a short 
interval, and so it fluctuated until about G a. m. of the 17th, when it suddenly became more bril- 
liant. A brilliant series of bands and arches extended across the sky from XW. to SE., passing 
through and on both sides of the zenith with a general southward motion. There was much, but 
not to a remarkable degree, internal vibratory motion. The unifilar magnet was deflected so 
strongly to the westward that the azimuth circle had to be moved 7° 12' to bring it into the field. 
Numerous bauds and arches, though not very brilliant, succeeded each other rapidly until about 8 
a. m., when the phenomena became less distinct, and about 10.30 a. m. all had faded. The magnets 
remained in a disturbed condition rintil 8 a. m. 

December 17 and 18, 188.1, 11 p. in. to lp. m. — Pale nebulous patches appeared low down in the 
X. and XE. and a scarcely perceptible arch accompanied by a few slowly waving rays formed about 
12 in. Afterwards patches appeared and disappeared at intervals, and occasional arches wore 
formed, principally low in the XE. About 0.30 it began to brighten, and a rather bright arch 
passed down to the southward and faded away into a baud of nebulous haze. After a few min- 
utes' quiescence a brilliant patch appeared in the SE. and rapidly developed into an irregular cur- 
tained arch which shot up numerous slender rays, and exhibited very intense activity. In a few 
minutes it had risen to the zenith, where a brilliant but imperfect corona was formed, which whirled 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 367 

round and quivered and vibrated for a minute or two with intense rapidity and then slowly moved 
to the northward, its coronal character changing into tlie irregular curtain form. There weresomo 
beautiful-flashes of rosy red and deep green, but in general the color was an intensely brilliant 
yellowish white, and the light emitted was such as to render objects distinctly visible half a mile 
away. The magnets were disturbed, but not extremely. At 8 a. in. the greater portion of the sky 
seemed covered by a faiutly luminous haze, and a very pale circle of diffused light extended all around 
the sky at an elevation of a few degrees above the horizon. After this only occasional streaks 
and patches appeared until about 1 p. m., when it disappeared. 

December IS and 19, 1881, 10.50 p. on. to 1.30 p. m. — A Aery faint arch formed in the NE., low 
down, which rose slowly with a few flickering rays shooting from its upward side, and at 12 m. its 
highest point just touched Cor Caroli in Canes Venatici. After this there was but little display 
other than a few straggling patches and rays scattered irregularly over the sky until about 8 a. m., 
when the brightness increased considerably and streamers appeared in various parts of the sky. 
Several narrow bands or arches rose from the. N. and NE., broke up into irregular curtaius, and 
finally passed down to the south, when they faded away into a kind of faintly luminous haze. The 
magnetic needles were deflected to the W. An intermittent period again intervened until about 10 
a. m., when another period of brilliancy occurred. Several bright curtains and streamers appeared 
in the S. and W. but did not exhibit much apparent motion. The magnets were again deflected, 
this time to the E. After this no noticeable features appeared, audat 1.30 p. m. a few pale bands 
were visible in the zenith, but they soon disappeared before the brightening twilight. 

December 19 and 20, 1881, 11 p. m. to 11 a. in. — Auroral light pale and diffused and appearing 
in the NE. as usual, but rather unusually stretching thence as a broad diffused band towards the 
TT. At 11.30 this band faded away into a kind of luminous haze, which covered the greater part 
of the sky, and across this, stretching from Bootes down to the STV., two parallel black bands 
appeared, which slowly rose towards the zenith, still retaining the same shape and relative positions 
and looking exactly like a jet-black aurora. They possessed all the characteristics of ordinary 
auroral bauds except the color, and occasionally rays of shadow, if I may use the, expression, 
streamed from their upper side, much the same as rays of light ordinarily do from auroral arches. 
The cause of this phenomenon seemed to be that two long rents appeared in the luminous haze 
and took and maintained for a considerable time the form of long bands stretching across the sky. 
They were certainly not streaks of cloud, for the stars shone brighter through them than in any 
part of the neighboring sky; their motion was not that of cloud, and their black color was given by 
contrast with the surrounding luminous haze. After passing the zenith they disappeared, but 
afterwards nothing appeared for several hours other than a few nebulous patches here and there, 
and the faintly luminous haze, which still remained unchanged as long as it could be observed, 
observation being rendered difficult by the increasing cloudiness. From S to 10 a. m. several 
bands appeared through the clouds in and near the zenith, and during that time the magnets were 
very much disturbed. Last traces observed at 11 a. m. 

Decemher 20 and 2,1, 1881, 11 p. m. to 10.30 a, m. — Faint nebulous masses of faint light low down 
in the NE., which soon expanded into a narrow still arch running from Arcturus through Canes 
Venatici and down until lost in the haze in the SE. It rose very slowly, and as it approached the 
zenith divided into two, and afterwards into several, which passed towards the S., where they faded 
into a nebulous haze and at 1.15 of the 21st nearly all the visible sky was covered with bands, 
patches, and imperfect arches, the general direction of which was from NW, to SE. This con- 
dition of things remained until about 10 a. in., when there was a brilliant burst of short duration, 
consisting chiefly of vertical rays in extremely rapid motion, and converging towards the zenith 
where a brilliant but imperfect corona was formed, lasting for a few minutes. A broad waving 
baud moved up rapidly from the N. and collected into a mass at the zenith, and passed as rapidly 
to the SE. The brightness was fully 4, and the colors principally white and yellow with tinges of 
green and rose on the edges. Magnets much disturbed. tTnifilar deflected towards the east. In 
about twenty minutes the display was over, and all that remained were numerous patches of light 
all round the horizon, which soon also disappeared. 

December 21 and 22, 1881, 10 p. m. to 1 p. m. — As has been usual for some time back in the com- 
mencement of auroras, a few flocculent patches of hazy light appeared low down in the NE., which 



868 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

slowly changed from time to time ; those first appearing soon fading away and giving place to 
others of similar character until about 11.30, when they assumed the form of a regular arch, quiet 
and narrow, and extending from N. to SE. with an altitude of about 20 degrees. It rose very 
slowly and showed varying degrees of brightness, but was generally pale. At 3 a. m. of the 22d 
its center was in ITrsa Major, and between 6 and 7 a. m. its center was in Auriga. After it passed 
the zenith it imperceptibly faded into a diffused luminous haze, which covered the greater part of 
the visible sky. Sections of half-formed curtains and arches appeared from time to time, and 
afterwards a very bright one formed ia the E. about 11 a. m. Traces- of it were still visible at 1 p. m. 

December 22 and 23, 1SS1, 11.30 jp. m. to 2.15 p. m. — Eaintly luminous haze appeared in the NE. 
at 11.30, but soon afterward disappeared in the haze which covered the sky. About 2 a. m., 23d, 
it reappeared in nearly the same position and apparently shining through the haze. After this it 
became brighter, showed more motion, and developed more rapidly. Paint arch succeeded faint 
arch, and bands and curtaius flourished and faded too numerously and too irregularly to particu- 
larize, until about 4 a. m., when an. imperfect corona was formed with its culminating point almost 
in the zenith. There was considerable variety of colors, yellow, pink, red, and white, the total 
light emitted beiug probably equal to that of a full moon, but as the emitting surface covered the 
greater part of the sky the light was much more diffused than moonlight. This period of intensity 
continued until about 5.30 a. m., when the bands and arches gave place to a diffused light spread- 
ing over the greater part of the visible sky. There was great magnetic disturbance during the 
period of maximum displays. The unifilar magnet was deflected to the E. so as to necessitate the 
movement of the azimuth circle through 4° 10', while the dip of the weighted dip needle increased 
2° 15'. Last traces were observed at 2.15 p. m. 

December 23 and 24, 1881, S.30 p. m. to 2.15 j}. m. — At 8.30 p. m. a faint pinkish ray rose from 
the SE. aud extended upwards almost to the zenith, but lasted only a few minutes. Luminous 
patches soon afterward appeared in the NE., and a narrow quiet arch soon was formed, Avhich 
remained quiescent for about half an hour, when it began to move rapidly, shooting out rays as it 
approached the zenith, forming a pale but imperfect corona with its culminating point in Cassiopeia 1 '. 
This is the first occasion of such activity at such an early hour. It was of short duration, how- 
ever, and was succeeded by the usual diffused light or luminous haze occasionally interspersed by 
bands and patches of deeper light. Several bands developed about 1 a. m. of the 24th, aud after- 
wards became numerous, forming generally low down in the NE. and moving slowly toward the 
zenith, where they generally became broader and more diffused, sometimes dividing into two or 
more. The brightness seldom exceeded 2, but the haziness of the sky dimmed it to a great extent. 
At 7 a. m. all that remaiued was a rather bright light low down in the SW. behind the clouds, 
with patches of luminous haze in various parts of the sky. Although the phenomenon at this 
time showed no appearance of intense activity, yet the magnets were greatly disturbed. The hori- 
zontal force was greatly increased, as was also the vertical, while the needle of the declinometer 
was deflected first to the W. and then to the E., the former deflection taking the magnet out of the 
field of the telescope. Very little brilliancy was exhibited until about 1 p. m., when there was 
quite a burst of light and intensity. Bays, bands, convoluted curtains, and flashes of quivering 
light appeared over the greater part of the sky. Numerous rays shot up from all sides toward the 
zenith, but no proper corona was formed. Magnetic disturbance lasted all through the display, 
which finally disappeared about 2.15 p. m. 

December 24 and 25, 1881, 9 p. m. to 10 a. m. — Patches of light low down in the NE., which 
broadened out into luminous haze, that extended slowly upward toward the zenith, shooting up 
occasional rays, which about 1 a. m. developed into a faint arch near the zenith. Other arches 
increasing in brightness succeeded this in quick succession until about 3 a. in., when the light was 
spread all over the sky, sometimes as curtains and bands and broken segments of arches, some- 
times as large fiocculent masses looking like cumulous clouds illuminated by transmitted light. 
There were periods of quiescence alternating with brief displays of activity. No colors, however, 
were observed beyond the usual white and yellow, but these at times were very intense, reaching 
the maximum of brightness. After lasting for about an hour the display gradually subsided, and 
until 7 a. m. only occasional patches and bands appeared irregularly in various parts of the sky, 
but being mostly brightest in the W. From 7 1o 8 a. m. the brilliance rapidly increased. Curtains, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 369 

broken arches in every variety of convolution spread extensively over the sky, being propagated 
from the E. toward the W., and being brightest in the S. and W. Declination and vertical force 
increased and the horizontal intensity decreased. Ended at 10 a. in. 

December 20, 1881, 1 a. m. to 10 a. in. — Very pale and, irregular in shape and position. Seldom 
a complete arch appeared, and when it did its outlines'were mostly very undefined and its con- 
tinuance very brief. The sky was very hazy, so that it was only near the zenith that the phe- 
nomenon could be observed. At 9 a. m. a narrow but bright arch formed in the NE. and rose 
rapidly toward the zenith. As it rose it displayed a peculiar intermittent kind of activity, espe- 
cially when it reached the zenith. Pulsations of intense vibratory motion passed along it from 
NW. to SE. in direction of its length at short intervals, each succeeded by brief intervals of qui- 
escence. Once it reached the zenith it began to fade, or, rather, its outlines became indistinct, 
and it slowly passed down to the southward, when it changed into the usual luminous haze. The 
magnets at this time showed great increase in vertical force and decrease in horizontal intensity. 
Previously, at a. m., they showed another period of disturbance, although scarcely any aurora 
was visible. There was at no time a brilliant display, but during most of the time the magnets 
were as much disturbed as during the most brilliant ones. 

December 26 and 27, 1881, 11 p. m to 7 a. m. — A faint arch running from N. to E. very low 
down appeared behind the haze, and afterwards traces of light and portions of bands were observed 
in various parts of the sky near the zenith, until about 7 a. m. the 27th. The night was however 
so cloudy and hazy, that its characteristics could not well be observed. 

December 27 and 28, 1S81, 11 p. in. to 1 p. in. — A faint diffused arch appeared low down in 
the NE., which remained with but very little change for several hours. This aurora lasted with 
several periods of intermission until 1 p. m. of the 28th, but there was no brilliant display of 
either light or color. Occasional arches and parts of arches formed in various parts of the sky, 
but they were always pale and of brief duration. The only noticeable peculiarity of this aurora 
was the extent and brightness of the luminous haze. It covered most of the sky, and at times 
assumed a peculiar stratified appearance, like numerous polar bands very close together. Some- 
times it broke up into patches of deeper density, and sometimes was so diffused as to almost 
disappear. At 5 a. m. .the magnets were considerably disturbed, the unifilar being strongly 
deflected to the east. 

December 29, 1881, 4 a. m, to 2p. m. — Eirst appeared as narrow bands running from the SE. 
towards the zenith, which soon rose and spread over the sky, assuming the usual hazy and diffused 
character. Bands, rays, and partly formed arches appeared from time to time, but presented no 
marked features worthy of notice. There was no apparent internal motion and no variety of color. 
At 8 a. m. it was at its brightest, and covered the greatest extent of the sky, but did not reach a 
brightness exceeding 2. The magnets were however a good deal disturbed, the vertical force and 
eastern declination increased and horizontal intensity decreased. These conditions continued 
with but slight change until 10 a. m., after which the magnetic disturbance decreased, and the 
auroral light faded away, but did not entirely disappear. Traces of it were visible until about 
2 p. m. 

December 30, 1881, 1 a. in. to 1 a. m. — Traces of aurora seen through haze at 1 a. m., but it was too 
cloudy to observe either its beginning or ending. 

January 1, 18S2, 7 a. m. to 7 a. in. — Traces of aurora bands seen through the clouds at 7 a. m. 
Beginning or ending not observed, owing to cloudiness of weather. 

January 2, 1882, 4.15 a. m to 10.30 a. in. — Narrow arch running from W. to SE. low down toward 
the southern horizon. Very little motion, and brightness about 2. It rose very slowly toward 
zenith where it became broken up, and assumed the diffused character. After this it maintained 
a fluctuating existence until 10 am. At 8 a. m. a few rather bright streamers appeared in the N., 
and extended themselves across the sky toward the SE. but soon faded away. Magnets were 
slightly disturbed. 

January 3, 1882, 7 a. m. to 9 a. in- — A few patches appeared at intervals between 7 a. m. and 9 
a, m. None of them were bright ; all were irregular in shape and seemed to start from no point in 
particular but apparently seemed suddenly to burst out of the sky and alter flickering for a short 
time, disappeared. Magnets were slightly disturbed. 
H. Ex. ii -47 



370 EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 

January 4, 1SS2, 2 a. m. to 9 a. m. — Faint arch low down in the NE., scarcely distinguishable 
from a long band of cirrus cloud which after languishing for a short time disappeared and did not 
reappear until 7 a. m., when a few fugitive bands appeared in the NE. which soon developed into 
a well marked curtain (brightness 3). There was but little vibratory motion and not much change 
in color. Declinometer needle deflected slightly to the E. and vertical intensity increased, accom- 
panied by a slight decrease in horizontal intensity. After this there was very little visible except 
an occasional patch or ray, lasting generally only a few r minutes. All disappeared at 9 a. in. 

January 5, 18S2, 1 a. m. to 8.30 a. m. — Occasional rays, curtains and patches of light from 1 a. 
m. to 7 a. m., none very bright and all of brief duration. There was very little apparent motion. 
The various curtains and patches did not usually have a regular forward motion in any direction. 
They appeared to burst out of the sky, fluctuate for a few minutes, and then disappear. At 7 a. 
in., however, an irregular curtained arch appeared ascending from Taurus to Bootes with its center 
slightly N. of zenith. It exhibited momentary bursts of vibratory motion and was brighter at its 
southeastern end. Its brightness was about 2. The magnets were greatly disturbed, the horizon- 
tal force decreased, the vertical intensity greatly increased, and the declination to E. also increased; 
ended about S.30 a. m. 

January 5 and G, 18S2, 11 p. on. to 3.30 p. m. — Appeared as a narrow pale arch running from N. 
to SE., with its center in Gemini. It lasted only a short time, and exhibited no apparent motion. 
It reappeared at rather lengthened intervals, mostly low down iu the N. and NE., and never very 
bright or high, and was last observed at 3.30 p. m. 

January G and 7, 1S82, 11 p. m. to 7.30 p. m. — Luminous haze all round the horizon, with a dark 
circle of about 5° width, corresponding to the well-known dark segment below it. From this haze 
numerous rays, so faint and ethereal as to be almost imperceptible, shot up towards the zenith. In 
fact, it appeared as if a series of pulsations or ethereal quiverings, which almost eluded the grasp 
of vision, passed over the sky in a kind of rythmic unison ; the converging point of motion beiug 
the zenith. This phenomenon continued until the light of the moon, which soon rose, rendered it 
invisible. Occasional curtains and arches, mostly pale and irregular in shape, followed. At 7 a. 
in. a very pale arch ran from NW. to SE., through Taurus and Bootes, and after remaining a short 
time it slowly faded away. 

January S, 1SS2, 1 a, m. to 10.40 a. m. — Appeared first in the usual form of a faint still arch, 
extending from N. to SE., and possessing a slow upward motion. At 2 a. ni. it had risen to the 
zenith, when it divided into six or seven narrow bands, brightness about 2, with considerable 
vibratory motion, but no streamers. After passing the zenith it became diffused and soon disap- 
peared. Bands and curtains, patches of light, and detached rays succeeded in quick succession, 
appearing in various parts of the sky, but none were very brilliant or of long duration. There 
were intervals of quiescence when scarcely any light, other than the usual luminous haze, was vis- 
ible, and this was generally by an interval of display more or less brilliant until about 10 a. in., 
when there was quite a brilliant one. Several rays appeared in the NW. and the SE., which prop- 
agated themselves toward the zenith where they met, forming an irregular but brilliant arch, 
exhibiting an extremely rapid motion. Numerous short rays shot up and whirled to and fro, 
beautiful tints of pink, yellow, and green flashed out, convoluted curtains appeared and rolled and 
unrolled themselves, swaying to and fro, as if hung out by invisible hands, but all changing so 
rapidly that it was very hard to point their place. The brightness at this time was fully 4. At 
10.30 a. m. it began to fade; in about twenty minutes all had disappeared. 

January 8 and 9, 1S82, 10 p. m. to 10 a. m. — Occasional rays appeared in the SE., just above 
the head of Orion, and soon afterwards a pale arch was formed extending from NW. to SE., which 
grew brighter as it rose, and at 12 m. formed quite a brilliant arch, with its center in Ursa Major, 
and after remaining for a time in zenith slowly faded away towards the S. Occasional arches, 
bands, and flocculent patches followed, but presenting no remarkable features until about 7 a. m., 
when there was a great increase in brilliancy, lasting for about half an hour. A series of great 
semi-circular whorls spread over the sky iu a condition of intense agitation. There was one in 
Orion, one in Bootes, one in Andromeda, and a very brilliant one curved through Ursa Major. 
The color was bright sulphur yellow, with some tints of pink and rose. The magnets were con- 
siderably disturbed. Horizontal force decreased, and vertical intensity greatly increased, while 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 371 

the declination was irregular, being sometimes easterly and sometimes westerly. After this display 
was over the light greatly faded and finally disappeared about 10 a. m. 

January 9 and 10, 1882, 10^. in. to 1.50 a. in. — Appeared as a quite still arch, low down in the 
NE., with the dark segment distinctly visible below it. About 12 m. it had risen almost to zenith 
and grown considerably brighter, but at no time did the brightness exceed 2. There was some 
slight vibratory motion, but it soon began to fade, and after nearly disappearing brightened up 
and formed a broad irregular arch, running from the NW. through Oygnus, through the zenith and 
down through Canis Minor, displaying considerable vibratory motion ; this was at 1 a. m. of the 
10th. At 2 a. m. all had disappeared. Magnets very little disturbed. 

January 10 and 11, 1S82, 11 p. m. to 8 a. in. — Traces of hazy light appeared low down in the E.; 
afterwards succeeded by several faint arches, which rose slowly and generally faded or became 
very diffused as the}.' approached the zenith. At 3 a. m., 11th, a bright broad arch ran from NW. 
to SE. through Oygnus, Ursa Major, and Leo. Several whorls and patches succeeded until abont 
8 a. m., when all had disappeared. 

January 13, 1882, 11 p. m. to 12 m. — Auroral arches observed through the clouds and drifting 
snow near the zenith between 11 p. m. and 12 m. 

January 14 and 15, 1882, 10 p. in. to 12 midnight. — Pale narrow arch appeared low down in the 
NE., which rose slowly and as it approached the zenith was succeeded by others below, fiocculent 
patches and much diffused light at the same time in various parts of the sky. This condition of 
arches, patches, and bands and diffused light constantly changing, but the general features remain- 
ing the same, continued till 10 a. in., after which they became paler and entirely disappered at 12 m. 

January 15, 1SS2, 10 p. in. to G.30 a. in. — The usual low arch appeared in the NE. withthe dark 
segment for a time clearly visible, but as the arch arose the segment disappeared. This arch rose 
very slowly, but presented an appearance of an extremely rapid internal quivering while numerous 
short rays fringed its upper side which swayed and flickered like the flame of burning alcohol. A 
succession of similar arches followed until 5 a. m. They were all pale, and after the latter hour 
only a few patches were visible, and all had disappeared at G.30 a. m. 

January 17, 1882, 1 a. m. to 7 a. m. — Faint low arch in NE. remained stationary for a time and 
then rose slowly and became broken up and diffused; sometimes it entirely disappeared for a time, 
reappeared as occasional patches and curtains which maintained a fluctuating existence until 7 
a. m. when it had disappeared. 

January 17 and 18, 1882, 10 p. in. to 8 a. in. — Quiet arch low in NE. It rose very slowly, and 
about 2 a. m. 18th, had reached the zenith where it had broken up into sundry bands and patches 
which soon faded away into an extensive luminous haze which continued until about 8 a. m. 

January 19, 1882, 1 a. m. to 4 a. m. — Traces visible through rents in the clouds near zenith at 
1 a. m. and 4 a. m. 

January 20, 1882, 4 a. in. — Several bands in the zenith visible through rents in the clouds at 
4 a. m. 

January 21, 1882, 4 a. m. to 4.30 a. in. — At 4 a. m. the sky which had been previously cloudy sud- 
denly cleared up and a pale arch appeared extending from NW. to south and elevated about 20° 
above the SW. horizon. After rising slowly for a few minutes it suddenly burst into a state of 
intense activity, and at the same time moved rapidly toward the zenith, the distance between the 
head of Orion and the zenith being passed over in about five minutes. Numerous swirling rays 
ran along it shooting upwards and apparently converging toward Capella. A kind of compressed or 
foreshortened corona was formed, and from the rapidly changing swirls and convolutions various 
brilliant colors flashed out, green, pink, rose, and yellow being the prevailing tints. The magnetic 
instruments were strongly deflected. The horizontal force decreased, the vertical intensity in- 
creased and the easterly declination increased. The sky became clouded at 4.30. No more was 
observed. 

January 23, 1882, 12 a. in. to 10 a. in. — A patch of fiocculent light appeared near the horizon 
in the NE. Others soon after appeared and several times approached the arch form until 2 a. in. 
Prom that time there was a period of cessation until 4 a. m., when a faint arch appeared to the 
S. and moved slowly up toward the zenith, where it divided into a broad series of bands running 
from N. to SE. After a time the diffused condition succeeded, and remained until 10 a. in. 



372 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

January 23 and 24, 18S2, 10.30 j>- »»• to 8 a. in. — A few patches low down in the NE. soon rose 
and formed a pale broad arch with its center touching Ursa Major, which soon faded away and did 
not appear until about 4 a. m. of the 24th, when a low pale arch appeared to the southward with its 
center in Orion. This slowly rose until it approached the zenith, when it became stationary and 
remained in an irregular hazy condition until about 8 a. m. 

January 25, 1882, 2 a. m. to . — Patches of light appeared low down in the E., which 

slowly gave place to a series of faint irregular arches running from the N. to NE., which mostly 
faded away as they approached the zenith into a faintly luminous haze. Several bright whorls 
appeared in the E. at various times, but did not extend higher than 30° from the horizon. Time 
of ending not reported. 

January 27, 1SS2, 4 a. m. to . — A very pale band running from NW. to SE., and rising 

very slowly, reached the zenith, where it divided into pale, very broad, and ill-defined arches, and 
at G a. m. nothing was visible except a few patches of flocculent and a great deal of diffused light. 
Termination not leported. 

January 28, 2 a. m. to 2.30 a. on. — A few faint rays appeared low in the N. from 2 a. in. to 
2.30 a, m. 

January 29, 1SS2, 4 a. m. to 7 a. m. — A faint ray rose from the ST., and after reaching the zenith 
curved to the eastward, forming a broad irregular arch. At 5 a. in. the N. end had faded away, or 
rather seemed to be drawn up towards the zenith, when it became twisted into a series of whorls 
and convolutions; the other end at the same time extended in irregular curves to the SE. There 
was a slow motion to the northward, the light at the same time fading away. At 6 a. m. there was 
a repetition of the phenomenon, but at this time the convolutions and whorls extended from the 
zenith down towards the N. horizon. Last reported at 7 a. m. 

January 29 and 30, 18S2, 10 p. in. to 8 a. m. — Eaint arch from N. to E., with altitude of about 
10°, a few streamers at its N. end. It rose slowly in the usual manner until it reached the zenith, 
when it slowly faded away. Others of a similar character followed at intervals, accompauied bj r 
flocculent whorls and much diffused light. Occasionally several bands passed through the zenith 
at the same time, always from the NW. to SE., but none of them were brilliant. Last observed 
at 8 a. m. 

January 31, 18S2, 3 a. m. to G a. m. — Faint patches of light appeared low in the NE., which 
soon arranged themselves into the usual form of a faint broad arch, which rose slowly, and had 
reached the zenith at 4 a. in., when it looked exactly like an immense tail of a comet, curving from 
the NW. to the SE. horizon. It soon afterwards faded, and was succeeded by faint nebulous light 
in various parts of the sky, chiefly in the NE. Last reported at G a. m. 

February 1, 1882, G a. m. to 9 a. m. — A few very faint arches were formed, differing from the 
usual character in the circumstance that their general direction was from N. to S. 

February 2, 1SS2, 1 a. m. to 7.30 a. m. — First observed as a narrow wavy band, running from 
NW. to S., with an altitude of about 50°. At 2 a. m. it had become lower and more sinuous and 
exhibited a rapid vibratory motion, its lower edge being slightly tinged with pink. It soon after- 
wards faded away, and was succeeded by occasional patches and whorls until 7.30 a. m., when it 
entirely disappeared. For the last few days the light of the aurora has been much dimmed by the 
brilliance of the moon. 

February 2, 1882, 11 p. m. to . — At this hour a few streaks and patches were observed in 

the E., but the haziness and cloudiness prevented further observation. 

February 4, 1882, 11 p. m. to 9 a. m. February 5. — Low arch in the NE., indefinite outlines, and 
rising very slowly. At 12 m. a few streamers appeared at its N. end, but did not continue long. 
Several similar irregular arches appeared up to 3 a. rn. Streaks, patches, and bands appeared 
also at intervals during the same time, but afterwards it was too cloudy, and nothing more was 
observed until 9 a. m., when a few streaks were seen through breaks in the clouds in the zenith. 

February 5, 1882, lip. in. to . — At this time traces of auroral light were visible low in the 

NE., but the weather being cloudy nothing was had but an occasional glimpse through breaks in 
tho clouds, so it was impossible to give a description. Magnets read very irregularly. 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 373 

February G, 18S2, 10.30 p. in. to 9 a. m. February 7. — An irregular but rather bright arch appeared 
low in NE., -with faint rays occasionally shooting from its N. end. Occasional arches followed, but 
they could not well be observed, owing to cloudiness. Last observed at 9 a. m. of the 7th. Mag- 
netic needles very irregular. 

February 7 and 8, 1882, 11 p. m. to 7 ei. m. — Faint arch low in NE., rising slowly. The cloudi- 
ness of the shy prevented observation, but occasional glimpses were had of arches near the zenith 
up to 7 a. in. of the 8th. 

February 8 anel 9, 18S2, 10.30 _£>. m. to 11 a. in. — Beginning of display could not well be observed 
in consequence of haziness of the sky, but occasional glimpses were had until 3 a. m. of the 9th, 
when there was quite a brilliant interval. Several bands passed through the zenith and on each 
side of it, running from K. to SE. The haziness was such, however, that it was only near the 
zenith that a distinct view could be had. It wao still visible from time to time until about 11 a. m. 

February 9 and 10, 1882, 10.30 p. m. to 10 a. m. — Commenced low down in the E". and extended 
as low arches towards the SE. and SW., and afterwards rose to the zenith, but the haziness of the 
shy still obstructed observation. Last seen at 10 a. m. 

February 10 and 11, 1S82, 11 p. in. to 10 a. m. — This was the most brilliant display that has 
been observed for some time past. It commenced the usual way, as an irregular arch low in NE., 
which rose slowly, and became brighter as it rose towards the zenith, but after reaching that point 
it immediately faded away. This was followed, in rapid succession, by other arches, brighter and 
broader, which mostly faded away on reaching the zenith, or broke up into numerous fleecy masses 
of light, which often spread over the greater part of the sky, and which, though individually not 
of great brightness in the aggregate, yielded an amount of light approaching that of a full moon. 
It differed, however, from moonlight in its more diffused character, but still large objects, over a 
mile distant, were clearly visible. Several times during the night arches were formed, which 
deserved the name much better than auroral arches usually do. Instead of being large and con- 
centric or parallel, as is usually the case, they were end to end, small, and resting on long straight 
columns, running down to the horizon, as many as five appearing at one time. One in SE., one in 
the E., one in the NE., one in the N., and one in the NW. In most cases two arches sprang from 
one column and went in opposite directions. None of the arches were, of course, exactly symmet- 
rical, but sometimes they approached it closely. Faint tints of pink and green were occasionally 
visible, but the prevailing color was yellowish white. The magnets displayed much irregularity. 

February 12, 1882, 12 a. m. to 11.30 a. m. — Began very faint and went through the same suc- 
cession of changes, but with much less brilliancy than last night. After 9 a. m. it was very irreg- 
ular and mostly faint, and finally disappeared at about 11.30 a. m. The needles, as usual, disturbed 
and irregular. 

February 12 and 13, 1882, 11.30 p. m. to noon. — Began as usual faint and low in the NE., but 
did not increase much in brightness or become very extensive until after 3 a. m. of the 13th. After 
that hour arches, bands, and fleecy masses of light, very extensively distributed, succeeded each 
other quite rapidly. There was very little appearance of the parallelism usually observed, and 
seldom more than one band or arch appeared at the same time, but as each arch which retained its 
shape approached the zenith it generally became very broad and hung overhead like a great elon- 
gated canopy, and again it stretched across the sky in graceful convolutions like an immense scroll, 
but the commonest form was that of irregular detached masses which spread over the greater part 
of the sky and faded into a sort of nebulous haze. The general motion was from 1ST. to S. and 
rather slow. The magnets read irregularly, but there was not very much disturbance even when 
the whole sky was nearly covered with light. Ended about 12 noon. 

February 14, 18S2, 12.30 a. in. to 10 a. m. — Began as faint irregular patches low in NE., after- 
wards succeeded by the usual series of irregular arches, bands, and patches, but at no time was the 
display very brilliant; less so than on the two last preceding evenings. Last observed at 10 a. m. 

February 14 and 15, 1882, 11.45 p. m. to. 10 a. m. — Began as a faint light low down on the 1ST. and 
NNE. horizon, appearing like twilight behind the haze and light clouds. Several arches afterwards 
appeared in the zenith through the clouds, extending in the usual direction from HW. to SE., but 
they presented no marked feature other than the slowness of their movement. This slowness of 
motion seems to be increasing as the brilliance of the display decreases. Maintained a fluctuating 



374 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARBOW, ALASKA, 

existence until 10 a. in. of the 15th, after which it was no more seen. Needles, as usual, reading 
irregularly. 

February 15 and 10, 18S2, 11.30 p. to. to 7 a. m. — Began as faint light behind the clouds on the 
NW. horizon, and afterwards an occasional band or arch was dimly visible in the zenith through 
the clouds and were apparently for the most part stationary, and the last time they were visible 
was 7 a. m. of the 16th. 

February 17, 1882, to 10 a. to. — Time of beginning could not be ascertained, owiDg to the 

cloudiness, nor could the extent be observed from the same cause. Was last seen at 10 a. m. 

February IS, 1S82, 1 a. to. to . — First observed at 1 a. m., but owing to the increasing cloud- 
iness no proper observation of its extent or brilliance could be had. Bands and whorls were some- 
times visible in and near the zenith, where they seemed in or very near to the haze or thin cloud. 
To the eye they seemed below it, but this could not be really the fact or more of their length would 
have been visible than what appeared in the zenith. After 5 a. m. the clouds were too thick for 
any light to get through. 

February 19, 1882, to . — Beginning or ending could not be observed, owing to the 

cloudiness. The display seemed to be quite brilliant, however, at times as its light could be seen 
through the clouds, although no stars could be seen at the time. The magnets were, as usual, con- 
siderably disturbed. 

February 20, 1SS2, to . — Time of beginning not observed, owing to the cloudiness, 

and only occasional glimpses of it were had during the night, when in the zenith. Needles dis- 
turbed. 

February 20 and 21, 1882, 11.30 p. to. to 10.30 a. in. — This was a rather brilliant display aud ex- 
hibited somewhat more motion than has been usual for some time. It commenced as pale nebu- 
lous patches, sometimes in the NE., in N., and NW., but always rose rapidly and culminated in the 
zenith, after reaching which it remained stationary for a time, sometimes flashing and gyrating, 
and then gradually fading into a luminous haze to the southward. At 5 a. m. of the 21st, the 
whole sky for about 60°, on each side of the zenith, was filled with light which looked like a lumin- 
ous cloud. There were periods of activity lasting about half an hour, with similar intervals of 
quiescence, which constituted a succession of Avaves which culminated in or near the zenith. Con- 
tinued until obliterated by daylight, about 10.30 a. m. 

February 22, 1882, 1 a. to. to 10.30 a. w. — First appeared as luminous patches in the NE., which 
soon rose and formed a narrow, faintly luminous arch and rose slowly to the zenith, where it broke 
up into numerous patches which, after a time, faded away in a kind of luminous haze to the south- 
ward. Faint arches and patches thus succeeded each other at short intervals until a little before 
the dawn, when they entirely faded away. 

February 23, 1882, 2 a. to. to 10.20 a. to. — Begun as usual, very faint in the NE., and the usual 
succession of phenomena occurred. Narrow arches were found to be succeeded by whoi-ls, patches, 
and nebulous haze, but on the whole there was more activity than has been displayed for some 
days. Occasional rays appeared and> several imperfect coronas were formed. At 5.15 a. m. one of 
these was quite brilliant. Numerous faint rays appeared converging in Ursa Major, then S. of 
zenith. The motion was very rapid and some flashes of color appeared — green, yellow, and rose. 
The general motion during the display, and for some time before and after, was from S. to N. ; the 
arches generally appearing as patches in the S. or SE. and were propagated to the northward. 
The display lasted, with periods of intermission, till daylight. The magnets were considerably 
disturbed. 

February 23, 1882, 11.30 p. to. to . — Began in the usual manner in the NE., but although 

several faint coronse were formed they were not so brilliant as on the previous evening and there 
was besides considerably more diffused light and luminous haze. 

February 21, 1882, 12.30 a. to. to 10 a. to. — Appeared. first as faint patches, which developed into 
faint, narrow bands and irregular arches, and faded away into the usual luminous haze. At no 
time was this display very brilliant, nor did it apparently pass through any of the active stages. 
The bauds often broke into detatched masses which were scattered irregularly over the sky. Dis- 
appeared before the advance of the dawn at 10 a. m. The needles were disturbed. 

February 25, 1882, 2 a. in. to 10 a. in. — Commenced in the usual way in the NE., but seldom 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 375 

assumed the arched form so common on other nights. Irregular-shaped masses of hazy light 
appeared in various parts of the sky, principally in the N. and SE., which extended imperceptibly 
upwards until they formed broad cloud-shaped masses in or near the zenith, and then after a time 
faded away into the usual luminous haze. Needles disturbed. Disappeared before daylight; 
about 10 a. m. 

February 20, 1882, G a. m. to 7.30 a. in. — A faint patch appeared in the SE. and one in the N, 
which soon extended towards each other and formed a faint arch, which rose slowly until it reached 
the zenith, when it broke up into irregular-shaped masses, which arranged themselves round the 
zenith in a form almost circular. A period of activity then ensued, and numerous short rays shot 
upward and converged directly overhead. While in this condition it was simply a corona with 
the center wanting. A few tints of green, rose, and yellow were observed during this active 
period, but they were of very brief duration. The display lasted about fifteen minutes, and then 
gradually faded, and was no more visible after 7.30 a. m. 

February 27, 1882, 3 a. m. to 7 a. in. — Impossible to determine tbe beginning or end of this 
aurora, owing to the cloudiness of the shy. It was occasionally seen until 7 a. m. The magnets 
were slightly disturbed. 

February 28, 1882, to . — Too cloudy to permit observation. Auroral light was only 

seen once, near the zenith to the NE. Needles somewhat disturbed. 

March 1, 1SS2, 7 a. m. — Seen through the clouds in the SE. at 7 a. m,, but the rest of the night 
the sky was clouded. 

March 2, 1882, 9.15 a. in. io . — At 9.15 a. m. the clouds rolled off for a few minutes and left 

a rather bright auroral band visible, passing through the zenith in a NW. and SE. direction. 

March 3, 1S82, 3 a. m. to . — Commenced faint and irregular, and at 4 a. m. there were two 

arches at right-angles to each other, the brightest running from N. to SE. Soon afterwards they 
became broken up into segments, and soon faded into the usual luminous haze, and as the sky 
soon became obscured by clouds the termination of the display could not be ascertained. The 
magnets, as usual, were agitated. 

March 4 and 5, 18S2, to . — On the 4th and 5th, especially the former, there was magnetic 

disturbance at times, but being cloudy no aurora could be seen. 

March G, 1SS2, 2 a. in. to 8 a. in. — First observed about 2 a. in., when three somewhat sinuous 
rays or bands extended from N. to SE. about 10° Avest of zenith. Between 2 and 3 a. m. there 
was quite a brilliant interval when the sky in and near the zenith was covered with fleecy cloud- 
shaped aurora. There was very little apparent motion, and after 3 a. m. there was a constant 
decrease in brilliance, and after 4 a. m. but little light was seen. The last was seen at 8 a. m., 
when a faint ray was visible in the W. The increasing cloudiness, however, prevented its termi- 
nation from being observed. 

March 7, 1882, 1 a. in. to 9 a. in. — Commenced as faint rays iu the N. and SE., which soon formed 
a narrow arch with a few streamers at its northern end. Occasional arches and scattered streamers 
followed at intervals, but none were very brilliant and there was much less of the luminous haze 
which has been so common during last month. After 4 a. m. only an occasional ray appeared 
until G a. m., after which no more were visible until just as the dawn began to appear at 9 a. m. 
(3.43 a. m. local time), when a few rays appeared for a few moments just above the line of light 
in the E. and parallel to the rays of light coming from below the horizon. 

March S, 18S2, 5.15 a. m. — The night was cloudy and only one glimpse of auroral light was had 
at 5.15 a. m. The magnets were considerably agitated. 

March 9, 1SS2, 3 a. in. to 8 a. in. — Commenced about 3 a. m. while the sky was partly covered 
by clouds. There Avere occasional displays of streamers, irregular curtains, and. arches, accom- 
panied by considerable motion. The streamers were long, pale and slender, and sometimes 
approached the coronal form converging towards the zenith. The prevailing character, however, 
was the diffused form distributed in patches all o\ T er the sky; the light threw the intervening 
clouds into strong relief and seemed on many occasions similar to the diffused brightness of the 
dawn. The general motion was from N. to S., but it was mostly A T ery difficult to determine its 
direction owing to the cloudiness and the extensive distribution of the light. The sky became 
entirely cloudy after S a. m. and no more of the display Avas observed. The magnets were very 



37G EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

much disturbed and the perturbations were more than usually intense after sunrise and continued 
up to noou, local time. 

March 10, 18S2, 3 a. m. — Commenced about 3 a. in., but very little of it was seen owing to the 
cloudiness. There was considerable magnetic disturbance. 

March 12, 1882, 3 a. in. to 5 a. in. — The usual time of commencement for some time back has been 
about 3 a. m. (10 p. m. local time). This was quite a brilliant display while it remained visible. At 
4 a. m. there was a very broad irregularly convoluted arch through the zenith from TxW. to SE. 
with a number of scattered whorls. There was little apparent motiou, but still constant change; a 
little before 5 a. m. the clouds came suddenly up and obscured the sky, but the thinner portions 
were rendered quite luminous by the light behind them at 5 a. in., but it was not visible afterwards. 
The magnets were disturbed. 

March 13, 1882, 1 a. m. to 9 a. m. — Appeared as soon as the twilight had faded sufficiently to 
permit it to be visible as a broken and sinuous arch froinN. to SE. with an elevation of about 45°, 
which soon afterwards reached the zenith where it remained stationary for a short time, and then 
passed to the southward. Other arches followed, mostly broken and bright in places, with occa- 
sional rays shooting toward the zenith. The general motion was, as usual, from N. to S., but most 
of the arches that appeared to swing round on their northern end as a pivot until they reached a 
position running from N. to STY"., and an elevation of about 35° or 40°, when they became station- 
ary. After G a. m. they became paler, but did not wholly disappear until the twilight rendered 
them invisible about 9 a. m. (4 a. m. local time); but slight magnetic disturbance. 

March 14, 1882, G a. m. tod a. m. — Probably extensive, but the clouds were very dense and no 
observation could be had. At 6 a. m. and 9 a. m. light shone through near the zenith. The needles 
were slightly disturbed. 

March 15, 1882, 1 a. in. to 10 a. in. — Began probably during daylight, for it appearecVas a narrow 
arch high up even before twilight had faded. After this, arch succeeded arch until the approach- 
ing daylight rendered them invisible. The movement of the arches was in general from N. to S. 
Sometimes, however, after passing the zenith some of them seemed to pause and retrogade toward 
the 1ST., at the same time casting out numerous short rays from their upper side and exhibiting a 
good deal of motion. Sometimes tints of green and rose were visible, but they were faint and trans- 
ient. Several of the arches on reaching the zenith expanded into broad, irregular canopies which 
extended down on all sides as much as 25°. Sometimes several arches and irregular shaped curtains 
appeared at the same time, and faint, almost invisible, rays shot up to the zenith. At times the 
arches became broken up into numerous broken rays scattered over the sky, but close enough to- 
gether and with enough parallelism to give them a very peculiar appearance, like patches of 
luminous scud swept along by the wind; in fact a kind of luminous or auroral drift. Another 
peculiarity of those arches was that they did not rise from a low point near the horizon, as was 
usually the case earlier in the winter, but first appeared as faint rays in various parts of the sky, 
mostly in the N. and SE., and then rapidly developed into arches mostly rather brilliant but mostly 
very narrow. There was besides a good deal of the usual haziness, especially towards the south- 
ward after the arches had passed the zenith. The magnets were somewhat disturbed, but not re- 
markably so. 

March 10, 1882, 3 a. m. to daylight. — This was a much more brilliant display than has occurred 
for some time ; the degree of brightness was higher, there was more activity, and the variety of 
feature was greater. For some weeks back the successive phases of the phenomenon followed 
each other rather slowly, and even the culminations were not characterized by much intensity or 
brilliance, but on this occasion it was different; there was rapidity of motion both collective and 
vibratory, and brilliant culminations. The arches, bauds, and whorls were very numerous and 
very irregular both in position and shape, the perfectly arched form being seldom reached until 
the light masses had passed the zenith and become pale to the southward. Sometimes the whole 
sky overhead was covered with a great field of fleecy light, which after passing through a variety 
of changes mostly seemed to fade away from the center, while the surrounding margin seemed to 
sink down towards the horizon like a great ring, which, as it slowly faded, gave birth somewhere 
in its northern or southeastern quarter to rays or whorls which soon developed into new arches or 
bands and new phases of the phenomenon. There were numerous rays, fringes, and curtains, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 377 

and often small cauopies or imperfect coronre were formed in the zenith. The culminating point 
■was at a. m., when a brilliant canopy of dancing rays, circling whorls, and waving banners 
^covered the sky overhead and extended down on all sides 30 or 40 degrees. The culminating 
point was in Ursa Major, and the whirling, gyratory motion was not in the plane of an arch, but 
in that of a circle having its center almost in the zenith. There was but little variety of color — 
pink, rose, and green appearing occasionally at the base of the rays aud columns. The brightness 
was at the maximum, the ice surface along the horizon out to sea being pretty clearly visible. The 
magnets were greatly disturbed. 

March 17, 1SS2, 4 a. m. to 7 a. m. — This was not an extensive display, nor was it of long dura- 
tion. The arches were not numerous nor very bright, and were very irregular in shape, more like 
great whorls or scrolls than arches. The only noticeable feature about them was that they never 
passed the zenith to the southward, but generally faded on reaching it. They commenced prob- 
ably in the north and extended towards the SE., but displayed little motion and but few rays 
appeared. After 7 a. m., or 2 a. m., local time, it was no more visible. The magnets were very 
slightly disturbed. 

March 20, 1SS2, 3 a. m. to 8 a. m. — Began probably some time earlier than 3 a. in., as imme- 
diately on the clouds rolling off, a bright sinuous but broken arch was visible extending from 
NNW. to SE., and passing close to the zenith. After this for three hours there was quite a rapid 
succession of bands, arches, and whorls, accompanied by much internal or vibratory motion. The 
general motion of the arches was from N. to S., but on several occasions they seemed to part in 
the middle when near the zenith, and the broken ends became folded up like a rope that had 
broken at a high tension ; generally, however, on reaching the zenith the arch broadened or 
divided up into several, or spread out into an immense field or canopy, dim at first in the center, 
and brighter round the margin. When this form was reached, numerous rays shot up from this 
bright margin towards the zenith, where a more or less bright but irregular shaped corona was 
formed which swirled and swayed and assumed a great variety of form, but was always of brief dura- 
tion. At 4 a. m. (11 p. m. local time), the display had reached its maximum, where there was an 
immense canopy covering a great part of the sky, numerous streamers, several imperfect coronas, 
and great vibratory activity. There were numerous flashes of color at the base of the streamers; 
red and yellow were the predominant colors. This period did not last more than fifteen minutes, 
and was succceeded by the usual hazy condition of the sky, with a whorl and patch here and 
there. At G a. m. there was another period of activity, similar to the above, but on a smaller 
scale. The activity was probably equal, but the brilliance and extent of their display was much 
less. There was one bright arch extending from about N. to SE., through the zenith with much 
paler light on each side of it. Its center when overhead broadened, and being like a curtain 
swaying to and fro, and looked remarkably near. After slightly passing the zenith it remained 
stationary for some minutes, and its upper side became very jagged or serrated, and seemed as if 
a strong wind were blowing against it, while projecting points protected it in front. This condi- 
tion remained nearly ten minutes, and was indeed very peculiar. The jagged appearance was too 
irregular and too persistent to bo caused by a series of rapid undulations, and conveyed very 
strongly the idea that a strong wind was blowing across the arch. After this there was very little 
activity and but few arches, and all faded at the approach of the dawn. The magnetic disturb- 
ance was very great, especially during the appearance of greatest activity. There was great 
decrease in horizontal force aud increase in vertical intensity, aud a large increase in declination 
to the eastward. 

March 21, 1SS2, 2 a, m. to daylight. — Not a brilliant display, but there was great rapidity of 
change and motion. There were very few perfect arches, the general form being that of Avhorls 
and patches, which were scattered nearly all over the sky. It was last visible at 9 a. m. (4 a. m. 
local time), when there was a period of great activity, the flashing of the light being faintly visible 
overhead, notwithstanding the brightness of the twilight. There was very great magnetic dis- 
turbance, the greatest we have had since this year commenced. The needles were very much 
agitated, but at 9 a. m. the agitation became extreme; the bifilar needle went far out of the field 
and remained for two hours out, the force greatly decreased. The unifilar was deflected 2° 30' 
H. Ex. 44 48 



378 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA, 

from the meridian towards the E. and the dip increased about 2° above its average amount. The 
needles did not get back to their normal condition until about 4 p. m. 

March 22, 1882, 3 a. m. to 7 a. m. — A faint and irregular display, with very little motion. A 
few faint arches developed in the NE. and rose slowly to the zenith, but as clouds lay along to the 
southward the light soon became lost behind them. At 7 a. in. the sky was completely overcast, 
which rendered it impossible to determine whether the display continued till daylight or not. The 
needles were but slightly disturbed. 

March 23, 1882, 3 a. m. to . — A faint display as far as observed, but clouds soon obscured 

the sky and hid it from view. The magnetic needles were somewhat disturbed all through the 
night, especially towards daylight. 

March 24, 18S2, 4 a. m. to . — Very irregular and not brilliant, but as the sky was mostly 

cloudy until the coming of daylight it could not be well observed. The needles were only slightly 
disturbed. 

March 25, 1882, 3 a. m. to 8 a. m. — Faint and very irregular, but could not well be observed, 
owing to the cloudiness ; was last seen at 8 a. m. ; needles reading irregularly, but not much agi- 
tated. 

March 26, 1SS2, 3 a. on. to . — A few irregular arches appeared in the E. and NE., 

which generally rose to the zenith and then faded into indistinct diffused light. The display was 
at no time brilliant, and owing to the cloudiness could not well be observed. There was very little 
apparent motion and the needles were less disturbed than during any display for some time past. 

March 27, 1SS2, 2 a. m. to daylight. — Bather more brilliant than the preceding one. The arches 
were much more numerous and bright, but the brightness of the moon dimmed them considerably. 
The arches mostly formed in the NE., but seldom rose higher than the zenith until about 7 a. m., 
when they began to pass to the S. At 8 a. m. (2.43 a. m. local), there was a bright convoluted 
curtain in the NE., just outside of the boundary line of the advancing twilight, which exhibited 
much lateral and vibratory motion and the needles were considerably agitated. 

March 28, 18S2, 3 a. on. to 6.15 a. m. — The beginning of auroras v cannot now be determined 
with much correctness owing to long continuance of daylight. They are generally first seen 
about two hours after sunset and generally high up near the zenith and at present the brightness 
of the moon dims their brightness considerably. This display was first observed as a pale streak 
rising vertically from SSE., and occasional pale arches followed without exhibiting much brilliance 
and mostly faded out in the zenith. At 6 a. m. (12.43 a. m. local), a convoluted arch appeared to the 
southward at an elevation of about 50° where it hung for a short time and passed through a variety 
of changes until about 6.15 a. in., when it suddenly moved upwards to the zenith where it formed 
a very brilliant corona and exhibited the most intense activity, swirling and gyrating with great 
rapidity. The principal motion was not that of detached vibrating rays but that of a kind of in- 
tertwined curtain or fringe which was bent back and folded on itself into a kind of true lover's 
knot, which seemed to hang out of the sky. The vibrations followed each other from right to 
left in direction of length of the figure, passing round every turn and convolution and coming- 
back to their starting point with too great a rapidity for the eye to follow. There was great variety 
of color from the in tensest red, yellow and green through every shade and variety of those colors; 
roscbeing probably the predominating color. The whole period of activity lasted about ten minutes 
after which the corona expanded, lost its activity, and spread over the sky as a kind of milky haze. 
Clouds soon afterward intervened and no further display was seen. During the active period the 
vertical intensity was greatly increased accompanied by a strong easterly deflection, and a decrease 
in the horizontal force. 

March 29, 18S2, 3 a. on. to 7 a. on. — When first observed as daylight faded the arch had already 
passed the zenith but was very pale. The display was not a noticeable one, mostly appearing as 
hazy masses and partly formed bauds or curtains of no great brilliance and was not observed 
after 7 a. m. The needles only slightly disturbed. 

March 30, 18S2, 2 a. m. to . — Was probably visible as the decrease of daylight permitted, 

but the sky being cloudy only glimpses of it were had during the hours of comparative darkness. 
The needles were considerably agitated. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 370 

March 31, 1882, 4 a. m. to 8.15 a. m. — Began later than usual and was very faint. It wa3 
mostly confined to a single ray rising from the SE. towards the zenith and occasionally extended 
through to the UW. Sometimes none wore to be seen for a short time, but the brightness of the 
moon may have hidden it. It was last seen after 8.15 a. m. (2.43 a. m. local), but the needles which 
had been steady during the greater part of the night became disturbed and read very irregularly 
for several hours afterwards. 

April 3, 1882, 2 a. m. to 7 a. m. — Very pale and irregular shaped. Appeared only occasionally 
and mostly near the zenith. The cloudiness of the sky prevented it being observed. The moon 
being about the full and the clouds somewhat striated it was often difficult to say which was cloud 
and which aurora. Magnets somewhat disturbed. 

April 4, 1882, 4 a. m, to G a. m. — First seen at 4 a. m. The brightness of twilight and the moon 
being too great to permit of its being observed much sooner. First appeared as a faint narrow 
arch running from from N. to SE. with an elevation of about 20°. A few rays appeared and the 
arch assumed a curtain form, which was soon succeeded by the usual hazy condition of the shy. 
At 5 a. m. a similar curtain appeared for a short time, extending from NW. to SE. and elevated 
about 30° above the horizon. At G a. m. a faint corona was formed with long, slender, and very 
faint rays converging towards zenith, but although displaying considerable motion no variety of 
colors was noticeable. It was only of few minutes' duration and was again succeeded by the hazy 
condition of the sky. Clouds soon afterwards covered the shy so that nothing further could be 
seen. The needles were considerably agitated. 

April 5, 1SS2, to . — Beginning or end not known in consequence of the cloudiness, 

but at 5 a. m. (11.43 p. m. local of the 4th) the clouds around the zenitli were all rendered 
luminous by transmitted light, the aurora behind them being apparently very bright. The magnets 
were very much disturbed, the disturbance continuing until the afternoon. 

April G, 1SS2, 4 a. m. to . — The brightness of twilight prevents the beginning of displays 

being correctly ascertained, and w T hen this one was first observed it was rather brilliant in theSE. 
at an elevation of 40°. While in this position, rays and streamers were rapidly developed which 
shot up towards the zenith while individually possessing a rapid swirling motion. An arched 
form combined with that of the curtain was then assumed, which extended across towards the 
NW., rising at the same time towards the zenith, the motion of translation being from W. to NE. 
After reaching the active condition it ceased and was succeeded by the usual hazy appearance of 
the sky. During the burst of activity the base of the whirling rays was often tinged with pink 
and rose; the prevailing color was yellow. During this time the magnets were much disturbed, 
the vertical intensity on eastern declination being largely increased and the horizontal force 
decreased. Afterwards but little was seen, but as the cloudiness increased very rapidly it was 
impossible to say if any further bursts occurred. The needles were occasionally disturbed until 
several hours after sunrise. 

April 7, 18S2, to . — The 7th was cloudy, but the magnetic disturbance was large. 

April 8, 1S82, 4 a. in. to 7 a. m. — Began as a narrow band in the SE. stretching toward the N., 
which after a few minutes' quiescence became active and displayed considerable motion and a few 
traces of color, but very soon broke up into hazy patches. At 5 a. m. a narrow pale yellow arch 
extended across from NW. to SE. at an altitude of about 35° above the S. horizon. After remain- 
ing stationary for a short time ft rose towards the zenith. Pale slender rays shot up from its 
eastern end, and several small patches of yellow light in a condition of rapid motion appeared 
along it. There was a slight approach to the coronal form, but all faded very rapidly, and at 5.20 
no trace of it remained ; no more appeared until about 7 a. m., when a faint ray appeared in the F. 
just outside of the line of twilight. There was a strong easterly deflection of the declination 
needle and an increase in the vertical intensity and decrease in horizontal force. 

April 9, 1SS2, 4 a. m. to . — A sudden burst of auroral activity a few minutes after 4 a. in. 

occurred, but only lasted about ten miuutes. When first seen it was in and around the zenith, 
which was filled with whirling vibrating rays. Flashes of green and rose appeared, but yellow, as 
usual, was the prevailing color. The magnets were considerably disturbed, the vertical intensity 
increasing, the horizontal force decreasing, and the deflection t<?;netimes E. and sometimes W. 
The night became cloudy and no more was seen. 



880 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

April 10, 1885, 3 a. m. to 4 a. m. — The sky was hazy and partly covered with foggy stratus 
clouds, so that only the larger stars were visible, and then only near the zenith; besides,the twilight 
was so bright behind the clouds that it was sometimes very difficult to say which was twilight and 
which aurora. At 3 a. m. several pale white bands, probably auroral, extended from SE. to 
N. and to the E. of zenith. At 3.15 a. m. a pale yellow arch, certainly auroral, appeared in the SW. 
with an altitude of about 20°. At 4 a. m. there were luminous traces in the SE., but the clouds 
soon afterwards became too dense, and nothing more was seen. Needles slightly disturbed. 

April 11, 1882, 1 a. m. to G a. m. — About the usual time as a faint ray running from SE. to 
NW. with an altitude of about 30° above the SW. horizon. At 5 a. m. it had moved up to the 
zenith, where a kind of elongated corona was formed, the elongation being in direction of the 
length of tbe* arch. This had been the general form of all the coronas that have appeared. Elon- 
gated in direction of the arch and compressed at right angles to it. I may here remark that the 
auroral light is almost always something more, apparently, than simply so many areas of light of 
various shapes. It is composed of luminous medium which seems quite tangible, more like lumi- 
nous cloud or dense vapor than anything else. Its distinctness of character and outline strongly 
tends to give it an appearance of nearness which I had never noticed any place else, but at the 
same time I have never been able to observe a case of where it appeared below any cloud strata. 
The clouds are often rendered luminous by it, but I am almost certain that in every case it was 
by transmitted light. At 6 a. m. a faint streak was visible in the NE., but the twilight soon 
became too strong to permit its being visible. 

April 12, 1882, 4 a. m. to 6 a. m. — Yery faint, but interfered with by the increasing brightness 
of the twilight. At 4 a. m. there was a pale narrow arch running from the SE. horizon, S. of zenith, 
to NW. with an altitude of about 30°. After a short time this broke up into hazy patches which 
occasionally emitted a few rays, and appearing and disappearing from time to time until G a. m., 
alter which the daylight was too bright to allow them to be seen. Magnets steady during the 
time display was visible, but some time after sunrise they were largely disturbed, the disturbance, 
however, lasting only for a short time. 

April 13, 1882, 5 a. m. ?. — A few patches appeared in the SE. at 5 a. in., exhibiting consid- 
erable motion. The highest and brightest was immediately below a Bootis. They being imme- 
diately afterwards overcast, no more was seen. The needles were considerably disturbed for sev- 
eral hours after. 

April 15, 1882, 5.50 a, m. to ? .—Weather cloudy, but about 5.50 a. m. (12.30 a. m. local) 

auroral light appeared a little southward of zenith and apparently in rapid motion, the direction 
of motion being from S. to N. From the character of the light when in zenith there was a corona 
formed possessing a rapid gyratory motion. The magnets were largely disturbed, the horizontal 
force decreased, and vertical intensity being increased, and the easterly declination also increased; 
the needle swinging out of field, but afterwards there was a westerly deflection, but not so pro- 
nounced as the easterly. No more -of the display was seen, but the needles continued unsteady 
for several hours afterwards. 

April 1G and 17, 18S2, magnetic storm. — On the lGth, about 1 p. m. (8 a. m. local) a very intense 
magnetic storm set in, which continued at intervals until about 9 a. m. of the 17th. The night was 
cloudy and no aurora was seen ; the greatest disturbance, however, took place in the daytime. At 
first there was a strong E. deflection attended by a decrease in the horizontal and an increase in the 
vertical intensities, but about 7 p. m. there was a great change, the deflection changed to the W. 
so that the azimuth circle had to be moved several degrees to bring the needle into the field. An 
increase took place in horizontal force and an increase in the vertical intensity. Again, after a 
period of about five hours another change took place to the E., the vertical intensity increasing 
and the horizontal decreasing as usual, which conditions continued to the end. 

April 20, 1882, 5 a. m.to % . — At 5 a. m. auroral light was discernible a little S. of zenith. 

The twilight was too bright to allow a distinct view to be had. The magnets were considerably 
disturbed. A very intense disturbance, however, took place some hours previously, commencing 
at 11 p. m. (5.43 p. m. local) of the 19th, and continuing more or less to G p. m. (12.43 p. m. local) 
of the 20th. The range of the various changes of declination amounted to over 10°, while that 
of the dipping needle amounted to 7°. The greatest deflection was westerly, but the E, was 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 381 

of much longer duration. As formerly, the westerly deflection was accompanied by an increase in 
horizontal force and a decrease in the vertical intensity, and the E. hy an increase in the vertical 
intensity and a decrease in tbe horizontal force. 

September 3, 1882, 4 a. m. to 4.30 a. m. — When lirst noticed at the 4 a. in. observation, the twi- 
light was still bright in the N. The aurora appeared in the constellation Auriga, as a small arched 
baud rapidly shifting, extending in azimuth from about N. 70° E. to N. 90° E. (brightness 2) and 
showing faint tinges of red, green, and yellow. In fifteen minutes the whole aurora had risen 
and greatly extended, forming a number of sinuous shifting bands, color white brightness 2, ex- 
tending from the NNE. horizon to SSAV., passing through Ursa Major, Ursa Minor and Cygnus. 
At this time the needles were slightly agitated, while the earth currents showed no disturbance. 
Fifteen minutes later the aurora had disappeared, except a few scattered streaks, which continued 
faintly visible for an hour. 

September 4, 1882, 4 a. m. to 4.05 a. m. — The sky was still quite light and overspread with 
enough hazy cirro-stratus cloud to dim the stars slightly. When noticed at the 4 a. m. observation 
the aurora occupied mostly the whole of the eastern sky, reaching the zenith. Color white; 
brightness 2; form utterly inconstant, shifting with the rapidity of lightning. In general the 
bands had a north and south direction and were inclined to be sinuous. The display was most 
prominent in the constellations Cassiopeia, Auriga, and Camelopardalis. In five minutes only a 
few pale streaks were faintly visible. The magnetic needles were slightly agitated. 

September 5, 1882, 2 a. m. to 7.30 a. on. — The aurora appeared at 2 a. m., while the twilight was 
so bright that no stars were visible. It was then a slightly luminous band, white and unstable, 
extending from the SE. horizon to NW. about 10° W. of zenith ; brightness 1 to 2. At 3 a. m. 
the bands were broad and more numerous, sinuous and shifting, running from N. to SE. through 
Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, and Pegasus ; brightness 2 ; color white, with several paler 
arched bauds in SW,, one of which at 3.15 had reached the brightness of 3, with a bright yellow 
color, while the main aurora had somewhat faded. The magnetic needles were slightly agitated. 
At 4 a. m. the aurora overhead had almost wholly disappeared, while a new band had appeared in 
Taurus near the NE. horizon, extending into Gemini. This band was yellow, sinuous, and rapidly 
changing in form, approaching, however, the curtain type. Altitude about 20° ; brightness 3, 
brightest in Hyades. It was replaced at 4.15 by a comparatively steady pale (1) arch with 
streamers, reaching its greatest altitude close above a Gemiuorum, extending in azimuth about 
40°. At 5 a. m. a sinuous band with streamers was observed in Canis Minor, stretching into Hydra 
close to eastern horizon (brightness 2). At 6 a. m. there was an extensive sinuous band, approach- 
ing the curtain form, mostly in Hydra and Virgo. This showed violet color in Hydra, where it 
was brightest (3; elsewhere 2). The whole aurora was exceedingly changeable and shifting, end- 
ing with a long sinuous band, pale (brightness 1), running through Ophiuchus, Corona Borealis, 
and Canes Venatici. 

September 6, 1882, 3.30 a. m. to 6 a. m. — As early as 3.30 a. m. streaks of auroral light were 
visible through the fog, and at 4 a. m. a definite aurora in the form of a pale band stretched across 
from the southern horizon to the W. of the zenith, starting in Aries and passing through Trian- 
gulum, Andromeda, Lacerta, and Cygnus, and ending near a Lyrai. This band moved towards the 
zenith, fading and reappearing, and at 4.05 passed through Cassiopeia. The fog cleared as the 
night grew darker, and the aurora appeared as bright horizontal bauds near Aquila. At 5 a. m. a 
bright (2 to 3) siuuous arched band with streamers ran along the western horizon, from Libra, 
through Hercules and Vulpecuia, to Pegasus. At 5.30 a brilliant whirl in the S. sent up streaming 
bands, one through Cassiopeia across the zenith, ending in Bootes ; a second through Andromeda 
and Cepheus, ending in Corona Borealis ; a third through Pisces to Aquila. The aurora ended with 
a single sinuous baud ruuuing up through Taurus and Auriga from the southern horizon and 
reaching to Ursa Major. 

September 12, 1882, 4.17 a. m. to 4.50 a. m. — The clouds which had covered the sky during all 
the evening cleared off near the zenith at 4 a. in., and at 4.17 a white, hazy but well defined rather 
narrow baud, shifting its position, appeared stretching from NE. to SW., passing through Ursa 
Major, Ursa Minor close to the zenith, and Cepheus, ending in Cygnus (brightness 1). The mag- 



382 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

netic declination and vertical force were but little affected, while the horizontal force was very 
greatly increased. The band was invisible at 4.50, and the sky soon clouded over. 

September 15, 1SS2, 2 a. m. to 7 a. m. — As early as 1 a. in., while the twilight was still bright, 
pale whitish bands were to be seen crossing the sky from the N. to SE. These at 2 a, m. had 
developed into an aurora, brightness as high as 2, beginning near the S3E. horizon in Pegasus, 
where it was brightest, narrow, and of a yellow color. As it approached the zenith in the form of 
a sinuous shifting band it became somewhat paler, and stretched in width from Cassiopeia to 
Cygnus, narrowing again and ending in the twilight just below Ursa Major. Most of the aurora 
was white in color. At 3 a. m. a broad arch (brightness 3) passed from the SE. horizon, begin- 
ning in Pisces and running through Pegasus, Andromeda, Lacerta., Draco, and the tail of the Dip- 
per, and ending in Canes Venatici. Slight magnetic disturbance. At 4 a. m. the sky was hazy 
and no aurora visible, and at 5 a. m. the sky was clouded over. At G a. m. pale bands (brightness 
1) stretched across the sky from Taurus and Aries in the SE. through Ursa Major near the zenith, 
ending in Corona Borealis. At 7 a. m. there was one pale band (brightness 1) in SE., occupying 
the constellations Gemini and Leo, and another similar but smaller band low in W., in Hercules 
and Yulpecula. 

September 25, 1882, 2.17 a. m. to . — Up to 2 a. m. the sky was completely covered by heavy 

stratus clouds, but at 2.17 these broke away near the zenith, exposing several horseshoe-shaped con- 
centric sinuous arches rising from the N. The apex of the brightest arch was near Polaris, and other 
paler bands apparently forming part of similar arches were visible in Cassiopeia. The near arch 
had a brightness of 2, the others about 1, and all appeared quite unstable. The sky continued 
much covered with rapidly moving clouds and the aurora was -only visible at intervals through 
openings between them. At 3.17 a. m. three pale (0 to 1), motionless, slightly arched horizontal 
bands were visible in the N., in the constellation Canes Venatici. At 4 a. m. the sky was much 
clearer, and a band of streamers pointing towards zenith flashed across the sky from NW. to S. 
on an arched course at an altitude of about 45°. The motion of translation from N. to S. was very 
rapid and accompanied by a rapid vibration from S. to N., and vice versa. The brightest part of 
the display was tinged with red and yellow, and reached a brightness of 3. At 4.17 there was a 
a small patch of aurora reaching a brightness of 3 in the constellation Aries on the SE. horizon. 
This had the form of a vertical sinuous streak, and showed red and yellow colors, fading rapidly 
and shifting and twisting. At the same time the clouds in the SW. were illuminated wnth a brigh fc 
greenish auroral glow. After this the sky became completely overcast. A magnetic disturbance 
began in the afternoon and continued all night (local time), the declination varying through a 
range of 1° 38', the horizontal force .424 and the vertical force .055. 

September 2G, 1882, 3 a. m. to 6 a. m. — At 3 a. m. the clouds had broken away so as to leave the 
northern sky clear, and then there appeared three horizontal curtains taking in about 45° of 
azimuth from the N. to NE., the altitude of the highest being about 30°. They occupied for the 
most part the constellation Leo, though with the twilight and moonlight it was impossible to see 
the stars distinctly. Their brightness was 3, the lower edge of each curtain colored bright rose, 
then yellow, and finally pale yellowish green. There was a rapid lateral vibration aud the whole 
had completely faded in about five minutes, leaving only a few bright streaks, and a new curtain 
then formed a little farther to the E. At 4 a. m. there were small patches in Bootes and a quiet 
narrow arch, greenish with a faiut rose tinge on lower edge, brightness 3, running from near 
Arcturus, on the northern horizon between Castor and Pollux, and ending in the clouds near the 
Hyades. This had entirely faded at 4.17, when a broad sinuous band rapidly developed from the 
N. running from near Arcturus, through Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, and Taurus, toward 
the SE. horizon. This moved rapidly towards the "W"., reaching Cygnus in two minutes and 
quickly fading there, the southeast end in the meanwhile having broken into irregular streaks. 
At 5 a. m. the aurora was faint and pale yellowish green, in the form of two streaks running 
through Leo, Gemini and Cancer. At G a. m. a broad bright sinuous band crossed the sky from 
N. to S., passing through the zenith and moving rapidly toward the E. Brightness 3. The 
sky then became cloudy. A large magnetic disturbance lasted through the aurora, with decrease 
of all three elements. 

September 30, 1SS2, 1.17 a. m. to 4.30 a. m. — The aurora was fully developed at 1.17 a. in., when 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 383 

the clouds broke away sufficiently to allow it to be visible. It was very pale (0 to 1) and in tbe form 
of a sheaf of narrow, quiescent, white, hazy bands, stretching across the sky in the NE. from a 
point near Arcturus iu the N. through Ursa Major, Auriga, and Perseus. At 2.17 the clouds were 
merely open enough to show traces of aurora in the form of pale streaks in Ursa Major, in the N. 
and overhead. At 3 a. m. the sky was quite clear, aud ouly pale, quiet, white bands, radiating 
from a point in Bootes near the NW. horizon and converging to a point in Taurus near the 
SE. horizon, covered nearly the whole sky. The light was much dimmed by the full moon. 
At 3.17 and at 4 the aurora was essentially unchanged, though some bands faded and others were 
formed, and the whole was much obscured by haze at 4. At 4.17 there was rapidly developed near 
the southern horizon, dimly visible through the haze, a twisted horizontal band with a rapid motion 
and indications of color which must have had a brightness of 3. The stars near it were invisible. 
After this the aurora faded, none being observed at 5 a. in. 

October 1, 1882, 1 a. m.'to . — At 1 a. m. there was a break in the clouds in the N. and a por- 
tion of a vertical band of aurora (brightness 1 to 2) was visible. No stars were to be seen. The 
opening soon closed, and the weather continued rainy most of the night. A large and long-con- 
tinued magnetic disturbance indicated a considerable aurora. 

October S, 1882, to 8.30 a. m. — The sky was alternately clear and overcast during the 

early part of the night, but no aurora was noticed until 4.45 a. m., when bright bands, white and 
motionless, crossed the zenith from N. to S. The sky soon clouded and no aurora was observed at 
the 5 a. m. observation. At G a. m. a quiet yellowish band had passed up from Orion on the SE. 
horizon nearly to Cassiopeia, then declining towards Andromeda (brightness about 1). At 7 a. m. 
a small yellowish patch in Taurus (brightness about 1) was all the aurora visible. At 8 a. m. an- 
other pale yellowish green arch stretched from the N. to the E. point of the horizon, reaching an 
altitude of about 20°. At 8.30, though the sky was perfectly bright and clear, no aurora was to be 
seen. Neither the galvanometers nor magnetic instruments indicated any disturbance. 

October 10, 1S82, 2 a. m. to 6 a. m. — Light snow fell during most of the night, but the sky cleared 
at intervals. At 2 a. m. traces of aurora were visible through the hazy clouds, in the form of a 
quiet band running across from N. to SE. near the zenith. At 4 a. m. the sky cleared off, showing 
a bright patch in Aries near the S. horizon with some horizontal bauds in SW., brightness 2 to 
3. At 4.17 bands, brightness 2, beginuing in Lyra and passing through Cygnus. There was no 
rapid motion or vibration, only a slow drifting and breaking of the bands, which quickly faded and 
new ones developing, especially one somewhat twisted and undulating from Lyra, through Cygnus 
and Andromeda, to Aries on the S. horizon. At 5 a. m. the arch was in the SW., running from W. 
to S., yellowish in color and vibrating rapidly, also twisting up and down vertically. At G a. m. 
a bright band passed from NE. to SE. with a rapid lengthwise vibratory motion, several times 
parting in the middle. The clouds then became too thick for the aurora to be seen. A consider- 
able magnetic disturbance commenced at G a m., continuing twelve hours. 

October 11, 1882, 3 a. m. to 4.30 a. m. — Light snow was falling up to 3 a. m., when the hazy 
nimbus cloud broke rapidly away, disclosing a white hazy band (brightness to 1), quiet, stretch- 
ing across from Hercules in the N., through Cygnus, Lyra, Cassiopeia, and Andromeda, ending in 
clouds near Aries in SE. This was a little brighter at the SE. end at 3.17, when the horizon again 
thickened up. At 4 a. m. the sky was again clear, but the aurora had faded to a pale band on the 
edge of the clouds in the SW., and in 10 minutes there was only a vague luminosity in the E. and 
SW. During the rest of the night the sky was cloudy. 

October 12, 1882, 12 midnight, October 11, to 9 a. in. — The sky cleared suddenly, disclosing an 
arch in the NE., with its crown in Andromeda, and its extremities buried in the clouds. Its bright- 
ness was 2, and it continued to rise and spread till, at 1 a. in., a broad, bright sinuous band ran from 
the N. to SE. horizon, occupying mostly the constellations Corona Berenices, Ursa Major, Camelo- 
pardalis, Perseus, and Aries. Until 1.17 the only change was a slow spreading and undulation, 
moving from the zenith eastward and slowly back again. The N. and SE. ends remained quiet, 
the SE. end the brightest, while the center changed into one, two, and three bands of vertical 
streamers and back again to wavy bands. The brightness of the band was from 3 to 4, and the 
edges were tinged with rose and green. There was a magnetic disturbance, with increased decli- 
nation and decreased horizontal force. At 2 a. m. there was merely a quiet arch, with streamers 



384 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

running from Leo, on the N. horizon, reaching its greatest height above a Geminorum, parsing 
through the Hyades and ending at a point below these on the SE. horizon. This had faded almost 
completely at 2.17, and a few pale streaks crossed the zenith from N. to SE. The aurora was sim- 
ilar in character to this at 3, but the arch passed between Castor and Pollux. The magnetic 
needles had in the mean time returned to their normal readings since the disturbance at 1 a. m.' 
At 4 a. m. a broad hazy band stretched from Bootes close to zenith through Cygnus and Lyra to 
the SE. in Aries. At 5.17 this began to spread and break up, rapid gyratory motion commencing 
in Cassiopeia, and spreading in a few minutes all over the sky except the Is"E. There was an 
indescribable confusion of smoke-like wreaths, whirls, curtains, and shooting streamers. The 
motion was all gyratory, or motion of translation, very rapid and in no given direction. A special 
center of gyration, whirling from In. to S., developed rapidly and as rapidly disappeared in Per; 
sens. The display reached a brightness of 3 to 4, and showed rather faint colors — green, rose, and 
peach-blossom. In about 5 minutes all became suddenly pale and quiet, but showed sign of break- 
ing out again. At 5 a. m. a pale yellowish band ran from 1ST. to SE. horizon, reaching an altitude 
of about 40°, quiescent (brightness 1 to 2). At G a. m. three arches were observed forming a tri- 
angle (brightness 1 to 2). At 7 a. in. one broad band crossed the zenith from Is W. to ESE. (bright- 
ness 1 to 2). ISTo aurora was observed at 8, but at 9 a. m. a pale, arched band (brightness to 1) was 
observed low in the SW. (20° altitude), running from Canis Minor in the SE. to the lower part of 
Taurus, through Orion. This was the end of the aurora, fading before daybreak. 

October 13, 18S2, 2 a. m. to 9.50 a. m. — The haze which overspread the sky was quite thin at 2 
a. m., and a hazy, quiet, arched, and slightly sinuous band, white in color, passed from a point in 
Taurus on the SE. horizon to a point in Coma Berenices on the northern. The arch slowly rosej 
the crown being just above Castor and Pollux at 2, close to Capella at 2.10, and when last observed 
at 2.17 just above Capella and still rising, the band spreading slightly (brightness 1, rising to 2 at 
the Is", end at 2.10). At 3 and 4 this aurora was replaced by a few vague traces. Up to 9 a. m. no' 
aurora was observed, the weather being hazy. At that time a white, quiet arch was observed pass- 
ing from the ESE. through Canis Minor and Taurus to the WW., about 2° in breadth, altitude 
50° brightness 2. At 9.20 there was a second arch about 2° above and parallel to the first, not 
continuous, but consisting of a series of luminous patches resembling long-drawn cirrus clouds, 
motionless, and similar in brightness to the first arch. At 9.40 a. m. the western extremity of the 
first aud broader arch was observed to slowly change form until it resembled the folds of a curtainj 
when the whole slowly drifted southward and disappeared about 9.50 a. m. 

October 14, 18S2, 2 a. m. to 9.46 a. m. — At 2 a. m. a narrow and barely perceptible band, per- 
fectly straight, ran from the SE, horizon through Andromeda nearly to the zenith, paler than the 
Milky Way. This was perceptibly brighter at 2.20, and there was a pale glow along the horizon 
in the NE. At 3 this had developed into a slightly sinuous band running from the SE. horizon 
through Pegasus across the sky through Cygnus and Lyra to the NXW. (brightness 1). Also a 
pale arched band, much curled at the east end, from Taurus through Auriga, running close to the 
Dipper and fading in the 1ST. The main arch drifted to the SW. slowly and beamed brighter (1 to 
2), dividing longitudinally into three bands, while the eastern aurora faded. At 4 a. m. three bands 
crossed the southwestern sky, united at the horizon, and spreading at the center from the SE. to 
NW. Altitude about 20°, breadth at broadest part 10°, brightness 2 to 3, occupying constella- 
tions Pegasus, Delphinus, Aquila, and Ophiuchus. Upper band somewhat broken into streamers, 
especially at SE. end. This was all fading rapidly at 4.20. At 5, two luminous yellowish bands 
(brightness 2 to 3), passed from SW. to NW. through Delphinus and Serpens. At 6, one arch, with 
bright streamers moving from W. to E. and vibrating, passed from Orion through Ursa Major 
and ended in Bootes (brightness 3). At 7, a band (brightness 2 to 3) ran from Cancer through Ursa 
Minor. At 8, a band with bright streamers at the north crossed the zenith from MW. to SSE. 
(brightness 3 to 4). The whole moved slowly southward. At 9, a broad, broken, vaporous arch 
from Is", to S. crossed the zenith. This changed its form a little but not its position, until it faded 
about 9.46 (brightness to 1). 

October 15, 1S82, 12.5 a. m. to 10 a. in.— The aurora commenced as a narrow pale band, begin- 
ning near the Pleiades and running along the horizon fading in Gemini. This was a little brighter 
at 12.20. At 1.20 it extended across the zenith from Aries on the SE. horizon to Leo on the 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 385 



northern, consisting of several sinuous bands, shifting and somewhat wavy, occupying Taurus, 
Perseus, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, and Ursa Major (brightness 3 to 4), color white, with tinges of 
green and yellow; motion undulating and rather rapid. At 2 a. m. the aurora passed through 
a Bootes to Leo Minor and to Gemini. At 3, two bands rose together from Serpens near the hori- 
zon, one passing through Pegasus and Cygnus, and the other through Andromeda and Lacerta, 
while an arched band crossed the eastern sky from Bootes in the N. to Taurus in the SE., 
passing through Ursa Major. Both sets of aurora were quiet and yellowish (brightness 3 to 4). 
At 4, a broad, quiet, white band (brightness 2) crossed the zenith from Leo Minor through Ursa 
Major, Ursa Minor, and Cygnus, ending in Sagitta. At 5, three bauds (brightness 3) crossed the 
zenith, occupying Lyra, Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, and Taurus, with a few bright streamers in 
the NNW. At G a. m. an arch (brightness 2) ran from Bootes through Canes Venatici and Lynx, 
ended in Gemini, while a double arch (brightness to J) layabout 10° above the SW. horizon, run- 
ning from NNW. to ESE. This arch was still in the same position at 8 and had become a single 
band at 10. At 7 there were pale patches of yellowish light in the NNE. near the horizon. Be- 
tween 9 and 10 the arch in the SW. was bright, quiet, and well defined, with tremulous streamers 
(brightness 3 to 4), colors bright green, yellow, and rose. Extensive magnetic disturbance. 

October 16, 1882, 12.40 a.m. to 4 a. m. — Streamers flashed up in the E., forming a low arch 
from Taurus in the SE. to Leo in the N., with the crown in Gemini (brightness 1). At 1 a. m. there 
was a definite narrow arched band with one end in Leo in the N. and the other in the lower part 
of Aries in the SE., with the highest part in Auriga and Perseus. From the northern end numer- 
ous long quiet streamers ran up as high as Ursa Major (brightness 1). The whole was rising 
slowly when last observed at 1.20. From 2 to 2.20 the aurora was in the form of a broad band, 
narrow at the ends and spreading, and crossed the zenith from Pisces in the SE., near the horizon, 
to a point in Bootes, near the northern horizon. It occupied chiefly the constellations Andromeda, 
Perseus, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, and the western portion of Ursa Major. The band was slightly 
sinuous, and by imperceptible degrees changed its shape without changing its position, breaking 
into several bands, and consolidating itself into one again, its brightness increasing from 1 to 2. 
An eastern band joining this at the ends passing through Auriga was well defined at 2.17, and 
almost wholly gone at.2.20. At 3 the aurora was in the same place, but had grown paler and more 
diffused, while at 3.15 the eastern band was again well developed and the aurora was spreading 
westward as far as Cygnus. At 4 the sky was so hazy that only the brightest stars were visible, 
but through the haze twisted bands of aurora in rapid motion were to be seen. After this the 
cloud thickened up and no more aurora was observed. A magnetic disturbance commenced at 3 
and lasted till 7 a. m., with decrease of horizontal force from .530 to .215, while the declination 
increased 6° 07', the vertical force being but slightly affected, 

October 17, 1882, 11 p. m., October 16, to 10 a. m. — Before the stars were definitely visible a 
twisted band of aurora was observed across the zenith from the NNW. to the SE. (brightness 1). 
At 2.17 there were three bands nearly overhead, running from NW. to SE. through Ursa Major, 
Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Canes Venatici, and Bootes. These bands were white, tinged with greenish 
(brightness 2), with undulating motion, the ends shifting and disappearing. The magnets were 
slightly disturbed. At 1 a. m. there were two small horizontal curtains in Taurus, from w~hose 
western end rose a broad, spreading, sinuous band across the zenith to Bootes in the N., occupying 
Andromeda, part of Cassiopeia, and Ursa Major, spreading W. into Cygnus and Lyra (brightness 2), 
with slight wavy motion. This was breaking up and paler at 1.10, and had become a single twisted 
band, with a tendency to divide lengthwise at 1.17. At 2 the aurora was in essentially the same 
position, but the western part was brighter, and had sunk lower in the SW., passing through ,2 
Cvgni and Vulpecula. This portion reached a brightness of 3 at 2.17, while the rest had paled con- 
siderably. . At 3 there was a twisted mass of light in Taurus, and a narrow bright (3) band running 
along the SW. horizon through Aquila, extending about 90° in azimuth. At 3.17 a brilliant dis- 
play began, which was observed up to 3.25. The aurora developed from the SW. up to the zenith 
and a little past it with great rapidity in the form of whirling, circling bands and smoke-like 
wreaths, mingled with pale streamers, which latter formed an imperfect corona at 3.20 in Cassiopeia 
at the zenith, which disappeared quickly. The motion was very rapid, and the light reached a 
brightness of 3 to 4. The light was mostly yellowish-white, but tinged on the lower edge with 
H. Ex. 44 49 



386 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

greenish and rose. The magnets were violently disturbed, with great decrease of horizontal force. 
At 4 a. in. three bands ran along the SW. from Orion to Aqnila at an altitude of about 25°. These 
reached a brightness of 3 at 4.15, and then quickly paled, while the aurora developed from Orion 
and spread over the eastern sky in broad, sinuous,, undulating bands (brightness 1 to 2), which 
formed a very transient, imperfect corona. This aurora was brightest in Ursa Major, and spread 
over tbe whole sky at 4.20. The motion was comparatively slow, and the magnets less disturbed. 
At 5 there were two quiet greenish bands (brightness 2), one in the NE. through Gemini, Leo 
Minor, and Coma Berenices, and the other in WW. from Bootes through Hercules and Aquila. At 
6 a pale broad band ran from the western to the southern horizon, and at 7 a similar band in the 
WE. ran from Gemini through Ursa Major and ended in Bootes. At 8 there were numerous streaks 
(brightness 2 to 3) in the WE. moving rapidly westward. No aurora was observed at 9, but at 10 
there were traces of a pale arch extending from the MW. to ESE. at an elevation of about 12° 
above the southern horizon. The extremities were lost in the haze and cloud which obscured the 
horizon. 

October 21, 1882, 7 a. m. to 8 a. m. — Up to and during the 6 o'clock a. m. observation the sky 
was clouded over and it was snowing; but at 7 a. m. it was clear, and a stationary yellowish- white 
band of aurora was observed running from Hercules in the WH"W. through Pegasus to Taurus in 
the SSE. At the WNW. end there were vertical streamers, vibrating upwards rapidly (bright- 
ness 2 to 3). At S a greenish band without motion crossed the zenith from Bootes through Ursa 
Minor to Triangulum (brightness 2 to 3), while at 9 a. m. the same band, somewhat paler (2), passed 
beyond Triangulum into the haze on the eastern sky. Magnetic instruments showed no signs of 
disturbance. 

October 22 anel 23, 1882, 10.30^. m. to 10.20 a. in. — As soon as it was dark enough for an aurora 
to be seen, a slightly sinuous, narrow, hazy band was observed crossing the zenith from N. to the 
SE., passing straight up through the middle of the Dipper. In the twilight it appeared a pale 
rosy color, and a slight wavy motion was- observed (brightness to 1). Next observed at 11.15 in 
the shape of a broad, waving band from the NNW. to SE., not reaching the horizon at either end, 
passing through Ursa Major, Draco, and Cygnus (brightness 1), color yellowish. At 12.15 a. m. 
October 23 it was a narrow arch from the WW. to SSE. through Vulpecula, Delphinus, Cygnus, 
and Lyra to Bootes, with little or no motion (brightness 1). At 1 a. m. a low arch (brightness 2), 
somewhat tinged with yellow, lay in the SW., taking in about 40° in azimuth and reaching an altitude 
of about 20° near a Aquilse. All the stars on the SW. horizon were obscured by the bright moon- 
light. This arch had not changed its position when last noticed at 1.20, while at 1.10 an additional 
hazy, wavy band had developed in the NE., running from Taurus in the SE. through Auriga to 
Coma Berenices in the N. (brightness 1). At 2 a. m. the starting point of the aurora was in Taurus, 
near the SE. horizon. Erom this ran a band of streamers to the NNW. through Aries, Pegasus, 
highest in Cygnus, near [i Cygni, through Lyra and Hercules round to Bootes (brightness 1 to 2), 
and also bands (brightness 1) across zenith passing through Cassiopeia. From 2.10 to 2.20 the 
western band became brighter, with considerable motion, and gradually faded, while the eastern 
bands, still pale, spread eastward into Auriga, developing a bright patch in Canes Venatici. The 
magnets were slightly disturbed. At 3 a. m. the western streamers were replaced by a pale (0 to 1) 
baud, and another band equally pale crossed the zenith from the same starting point. At 3.10 to 
4 an additional sinuous band (1 to 2) developed in the E. from Orion just rising in the SE., through 
Gemini, Leo Minor, and Canes Venatici to a point in Bootes, now just above the northern horizon. 

From 4 to 4.10 there was an extensive display, which would have been brilliant had it not been 
for the moonlight. Starting from Orion it spread into Taurus, Aries, and Auriga in the shape of 
twisted forks, one streak crossing the zenith to NNW., with a band nearly in the position of the 
western band seen at last observation. This latter band had risen about 10° at 4.10. No rapid 
motion was observed (brightness 2 to 3). The whole was fading rapidly at 4.17. There was a 
great magnetic disturbance, the horizontal force falling too low to be read, and the declination 
rising. At 5 a. m. only one pale (0 to 1) band was visible running from Leo to Ursa Major, re- 
sembling hazy cirrus cloud. At G a. m. there was a pale arch over the NE. horizon, and at 8 a. m. 
another similar arch (brightness about 1). At 9 and 10 a. m. there was simply a trace of aurora 
in the form of an arch closely resembling the twilight curve, spanning the southern horizon at an 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 387 

Altitude of about 40°, the extremities hidden in the haze which obscured the horizon. This had 
wholly disappeared at about 10.20 a. in. 

October 27, 1882, 1 a. m. to 4 a. m. — The clouds which had covered the sky broke away about 1 
a. m., having a few patches of fleecy cirrus-stratus clouds hiding the stars in the SE. At the 1 a. 
m. observation two hazy, narrow, sinuous bands crossed the zenith from this bank of clouds, ending 
near Arcturus in the MW., about 15° above the horizon, passing through Cassiopeia, Cepheus, 
and Draco. At 1.17 the top of the arch had drifted west to Cygnus and Lyra, the ends remaining 
fixed, while the arch itself showed a tendency to split lengthwise (brightness 1) ; brightest in Bootes, 
where it had a faint ruddy tinge. There was a slight magnetic disturbance. At 2 a. m. an arched 
narrow band (brightness 2) stretched from a point in Serpens about 10° above the NW. horizon to 
the bank of clouds in the SSE., reaching an altitude of about 30° near « Aquila). There was a 
faint suggestion of green and rose color at the northern end. At 2.10 to 2.19 the band faded 
slightly, and at 2.17 the crown rose about 2°, while at the same time there were also faint traces 
of a' band in the position of the one observed at 1 a. m. From 3 to 3.17 there was a broad auroriS 
running from a point in Bootes W. of Arcturus just above the northern horizon up through Ursa 
Major, Ursa Minor, and Perseus, ending in the clouds near Taurus (brightness 1 to 2). It con- 
sisted of broad, hazy, waving bands and twisted streaks fading and reappearing quickly, with 
slight motion, shifting rather to the westward. At 2.10 there were whirls approaching the curtain 
shape in Canes Venatici, and a low ill-defined arch in theNE. in Leo Minor, and at 2.17 also a faint 
band through Cygnus in the W. The magnetic disturbance increased in violence, all the elements 
being much diminished. From 4 a. m. onwards the sky was obscured by thin clouds. During 
the whole time the aurora was visible its brightness was much dimmed by the exceedingly bright 
moonlight. 

October 27 and 28, 18S2, 10.30^. m. to 1.17 a. on. — As soon as it was dark enough for the aurora 
to show, a bright patch with bright streamers was observed in the SE,, about 20° above the hori- 
zon. At 11.13 the aurora was in the form of a hazy arch, with its crown passing through Cygnus 
and Lyra, and its extremities hidden in the haze W, and SE. At 12.13 the sky was so hazy and 
the moonlight so brilliant that the position of the aurora among the stars could not be definitely 
traced. It had the form of a faint arch of hazy light. The crown of the arch bore SW. at an 
altitude of about 30°. Extremities bore SE. and W. by N. At 1 a. m. only the brightest stars 
were visible through the haze. One broad band made up of transverse streamers, moving rapidly 
westward with quick undulations from N. to S., crossed the zenith from the 1ST., ending in the 
clouds in the SE. Several paler secondary bands W. of the main band. The whole aurora was 
paler and much broken at 1.10. At 1.17 it had almost wholly faded, but quickly reappeared in the 
N. in the form of curled streaks, covering a large extent of sky. A large magnetic disturbance 
commenced at 10 p. m., continuing all night. The horizontal force ranged through .517, the decli- 
nation through 2° 54', and the vertical force through .088. At 2 a. in. the sky was clouded, and 
no more aurora was seen. 

October 29, 1882, 5 a. on. to 11.30 a. on. — Up to 5 a. in. the sky was covered by thin, patchy, 
stratus clouds, through which the moon shone; after this the sky cleared off. Soon after dusk 
faint traces of aurora were seen through the clouds. At 2.13 a. m. a bright streak showed through 
the clouds in the NNE., the base about 20° above the horizon and running up towards the zenith. 
At 3 to 3.10 the sky was clear enough near the zenith to expose a band crossing from the N. when 
it was visible through the clouds to the SE. It could be seen to pass through Lyra and Cassiopeia. 
At 5 a. m. a band, partly covered with clouds, ran from Bootes through Draco, ending in Andro- 
meda. It was pale and hazy (brightness 0-to 1), and moved slowly to the W. No more aurora 
was visible till 9 a. m., when a band passed from Ursa Major through Camelopardalis, ending in 
Cassiopeia (brightness 1). At 10 a. m. a band ran from Leo Minor to Perseus, passing through 
a Auriga; (brightness 2). At 11 a. m. a patch was visible in Gemini. A violent magnetic disturb- 
ance commenced at 3 a. m., lasting all night. The horizontal force fell too low to be read. 

November 2, 18S2, 12.30 a. on. to 4 a. on. — From 12.30 to 12.45 a pale, glowing segment, resembling 
the twilight curve, was discernible in the NE.. extending from F. to SE., and reaching an altitude 
of about 30° in the NE. It was very pale, a little brighter in the N., and continued indistinctly 
visible until 3, when it developed into two or three definite, but wavy, pale (0 to 1) bauds crossing 



388 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

the zeuith from the N. to the SE., one from Taurus up through Cassiopeia to Cygnus, and another 
from Bootes also reaching Cassiopeia through Draco. At 3.17 there was also a streak in Leo in 
the NE. Very faint traces of these hands were still discernible at 4 a. m., but no more aurora was 
observed. 

November 3, 1882, 12.17 a. m. to 8 a. m. — Streamers of a slightly yellowish tinge (brightness 1 
to 2) shot up all round the horizon, being brightest in the NW. and SE. At 1 a. m. they had 
arranged themselves in the form of an arch of streamers (brightness 1), running from Taurus in 
the ESE. through Auriga to Ursa Major in the N. This had faded a good deal at 1.10 and was 
replaced by a pale arched band at 1.17. At 2 there was a vertical streak in the N. in Bootes, 
running up from near the horizon into Draco, and a few additional streamers were to be seen in 
Ursa Major at 2.10. This had faded at 2.17 and there appeared a pale arched band in Leo in the 
NE. At 3 a. m. there was a pale glow in the S. and SW., and at 3.10 a definite band (brightness 
1) from Aries in the SE. up through Perseus and Andromeda to Cassiopeia near the zenith. At 
&17 there were merely patches of pale glow in the N. and NE. At 4 a. m. these bands (bright- 
ness 1 to 2) ran from the SE. to the MW,, not reaching the northern horizon (brightest in the 
SE.); one (the brightest) from Orion through Taurus, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cygnus, and Lyra; a 
second (paler) through Aries 'and Andromeda and just above « Aquilse; and the third (palest) 
close to the horizon. These bands Avere in essentially the same position and a little brighter at 
4.10, but had faded to to 1 at 4.17. At 5 a. m. there was a pale band (0 to 1) in the NE. through 
Leo and Gemini. At 7 a. m. two bands (brightness 1) of a slightly greenish tinge crossed the 
zenith from Serpens to Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis. At 8 a. m. there was an arch of very 
pale light over the SE. horizon, and after this no more aurora was observed. 

November 4, 1882, 4.10 a. m. to 9.30 a. m. — The sky was covered with rather thin hazy stratus 
clouds which cleared away more or less at intervals. At 4.10 a. m. there was a quiet arch (bright- 
ness 1) visible through the clouds in the NE. There were no stars visible near this, so it could not 
be charted. The crown bore NE. altitude about 30°, and the extremities NNE. and ENE. altitude 
about 10°. This was wholly observed at 4.17. At 9 a. m. the sky was clear and a faint arch 
(brightness to 1), extendiug from MW, to ENE. with an altitude of about 30°, was observed, 
lasting until 9.30. 

November 5, 1882, 1 a. m. to 6 a. m.—At 1 a. m. there was an arched bank of clouds in the NE. 
on the hoiizoa, and above this a pale steady glow gradually fading into the starlight. At 2 a. m.' 
this glow had faded, but at 2.10 a broad definite band (brightness 1) crossed the NE. sky, white 
and motionless, from a point in Orion near the ESE. horizon, reaching its greatest height at 
Castor and Pollux in Gemini and ended in the upper part of Leo in the NNE. Its altitude was 
about 5° less at 2.17. Clouds and haze obscured the aurora till 6 a. m when an arched band was 
observed, with essentially the same bearing, running from Orion through Auriga to Ursa Major 
(brightness 2) and color slightly greenish, sometimes varying slightly in color and brightness) 
especially in the SB., where a few streamers were observed. No more aurora seen. 

November 6, 18S2, 7 a. m. to 7.15 a. m. — Up to 7 a. m. the sky was not clear enough to allow 
any aurora to be seen. An arch of pale yellowish green was then visible through the haze, 
running from Orion to Leo through Gemini (brightness to 1). This was invisible at 7.15 and no 
more was observed. 

November 7, 1882, 4.17 a. m. to 11.20 a. m. — The weather was stormy and the clouds thick 
dining the early part of the night. At 4.17 a. m. an arched band was visible through the clouds 
in the SW. at an altitude of about 40°, quickly disappearing, while a similar streak in the NW: 
moved rapidly towards the zenith. No stars were visible at this time. There was a slight magf 
netic disturbance, with a decrease of horizontal force and declination and an increase of vertical 
force. The earth currents were notably increased in strength. At 11 a. m. the sky was compara-' 
tively clear, and a band was observed stretching from Andromeda through Ursa Minor to Canes 
Venatici, characterized by frequent flashes from W. to E„ and a rapid vibratory motion. At 11.10 
a, in. it had moved further toward the NE. and extending from N. to E. through Cygnus, Draco', 
and Bootes. It now consisted of a broad regular arch formed of streamers about 10° in length 
and perpendicular to the magnetic meridian. The streamers were agitated by a vibratory motion 
and a motion of translation to the E. (brightness 2). The aurora disappeared about 11.20 a. m. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 389 

November 8, 18S2, 4 a. m. to 10.35 a. m. — During the early part of the night the sky was cov- 
ered with thick clouds, but at 4 a. in. these had thinned away sufficiently to allow a few of the 
brightest stars to be seen, and broad bands of aurora, apparently in rapid motion, were observed 
crossing the zenith from the NNW. to ESE., spreading out at the zenith to a trail some 40° in 
width. No moro aurora was observed until 9.10 a. m., when it appeared for about twenty minutes 
in the form of a quiescent faint baud across the zenith from NW. to SE., with the extremities lost 
iu the haze. At 10.10 a. m. a band (brightness to 1) encircled the entire horizon, about 10° in 
breadth, and resting on a dark band of uncertain character (apparently hazy and stratus cloud) of 
about the same breadth. At the same time a secoud similar band formed an arch intersecting the 
first iu the SE. and N., with its crown at an altitude of about 45°. At about 10.35 the sky clouded 
over and no more aurora was observed. A magnetic disturbance commenced about 4, chiefly 
affecting the horizontal force, which was largely decreased. 

November 9, 1SS2, 12.30 a. in. to 7.30 a. m. — At midnight no aurora was observed, but at 1 it 
was already well developed in the form of a brilliant zone (2) from a point in Taurus in the ESE. 
horizon into Ursa Major and Leo Minor on the N. In the NE. it did uot reach lower than Gemini, 
but extended also into Auriga. The zone consisted of three or four bands chauging rapidly, but 
not moving fast, forming sometimes whorls and streamers, and had spread into Perseus and 
Andromeda at 1.10. At 1.17 it had faded a good deal, while two streamers started up in the N. 
and ESE., meeting across the zenith, while a large whorl formed in Canes Venatici. At 2 a. m. 
the zone was still broader and contracted at the horizon, ran from Hercules in the N. to Taurus in 
the SE., mostly west of the zenith, occupying Pegasus, Cassiopeia, Cygnus, and Lyra, drifting 
westward with rapid shooting and circling motion from SE. to NW. It had faded a little at 2.10, 
and was quiet, while quiet glowing banks of light replaced the 1 o'clock aurora. At 2.17 the 
western aurora had almost wholly faded, and the eastern developed into a regular arch, which 
lost its regularity in a few minutes. At 3 a. m. the eastern zone had developed again from Orion 
in ESE. to Bootes in NNW., narrowing at the horizon, in the middle stretching from Gemini up 
to Ursa Minor (brightness 3), made up of sinuous bands, sometimes narrow, sometimes broad, 
with some longitudinal motion from N. to S., spreading a little towards the W., and not so bright 
at 3.17. At 4 there was a similar broad band or zone, but quiescent (2 to 3) from a point iu Mono- 
ceros in the ESE. through Orion, Taurus, Pegasus, Cygnus, and Lyra, to a point in Ophiuchus 
near the NNW. horizon, also spreading eastward in paler bands to Ursa Major, growing paler at 
4.17. At 5 a. m. two parallel bands 4° to 5° apart crossed the zenith from Taurus, through Per- 
seus and Cassiopeia, to Corona (brightness 2), drifting slowly S., with a rapid waviug motion from 
W. to E. At 6 a band with a few streaks above it, moving slowly to the S., stretched from Orion 
through Gemini to Leo Minor. 7 a. m. saw a luminous band stretching round close to the horizon, 
without motion, extending from Pegasus to Serpens. Haze then began to cover the sky, and soon 
became clouds. A magnetic disturbance, affecting the horizontal force, and to a less degree the 
declination also, commenced at 2 a. m., and continued several hours after the end of the aurora. 

November 10, 1882, 3 a. m. to 9.10 a. m. — The sky was cloudy during most of the night. When 
it cleared, at 3 a. m., no aurora was observed. A faint glow in the N. and NW. may have been 
auroral. At 5.15 a. m. the clouds again broke away sufficiently to show an arch from Taurus 
through Pegasus to Lacerta from SE. to SW., partly hidden by clouds and haze (brightness 1). At 
8 a. m. the sky partly clouded again, disclosing a motionless band from Orion to Leo, about 5°-S° 
above the horizon, showing through haze (brightness to 1). At 9.10 a. m. a few faint traces of 
aurora were visible through the haze and clouds. The magnetic needles were very slightly 
affected. 

November 12, 1882 ; 3 a. m. to noon. — During the early part of the night a furious storm of wind 
and snow was raging, accompanied by a violent magnetic storm affecting all three elements, which 
lasted several hours after the aurora disappeared. Through a break in the clouds at 3 a. m. sin- 
uous bands and streamers (brightness 2) were observed in the N., in and near Ursa Major. At 
3.17 the sky was nearly clear, and sinuous bands from the NNW. to ESE. occupied most of the 
western sky, the ends of the bands being lost in haze, while an incomplete corona formed E. of the 
zenith (brightness 2). Accurate observation was rendered impossible by the violence of the weather. 
From this time on the storm moderated. At 4 a. m. a whirling band ran up from Orion's belt in 



390 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 

the SE. towards the Pleiades, and two arched and nearly parallel bands ran along the SW. horizon, 
the upper hand the broader and brighter, through Taurus, Cetus, and Pisces into the lower part 
of Pegasus below the square (brightness 2). It had faded considerably at 4.10, but at 4.17 had 
developed into two bands of curtains and streamers, with rapid vibratiou and play of colors, yellow, 
green, and rose (brightness 3), intermittent, sometimes siukiug to 2 or rising in places to 4. At 5 
a. m. two yellowish green bands ran from WSW. to WWW., through Aquila to Hercules, with a 
few streamers on the WNW. end (brightness 1 to 2). At 6 a. in. there were several bands and 
streamers in the northern sky, the streamers vibrating from W. to E. At 7 a pale arch with stream- 
ers ran from the SE. to SW., about 9° or 10° above the horizon (brightness 1). At 8 there was a 
sheaf of beams in the NNE. from Leo to Oamelopardalis, with slow lateral vibration, changing in 
brightness from 1 to 2. At 9 a. m. the horizon was encircled by aband of pale quiet white light 
10° in breadth, from which arose a perfect fringe of streamers, some approaching the zenith, most 
of them, however, not exceeding 10° or 15° in length, and apparently motionless. This display 
continued for nearly an hour, with but slight change, when a broad white band (brightness to 1) 
was observed to start from the luminous base In the TV. through the Pleiades and Ursa Major, 
stopping at a point about 30° E. of the zenith. No further change was observed till 11 a. m., when 
a second like arch was formed about 6°-8° in breadth and G0° in diameter, having its crown in the 
zenith. Erom this band streamers shot out and formed a complete corona. At this time the mag- 
netic disturbance was particularly great. The corona continued apparently unchanged and motion- 
less until it faded before the dawn. 

November 12 and 13, 1SS2, 0.30 p. m. to 11.30 p. m. — As soon as the sky grew dark enough for 
an aurora to be visible, it appeared well developed and probably a continuation of the preceding 
aurora. At 10.17 p. m. a waving band of light extended across from SE. to NW., brightest in the 
SE., where it had the curtain form, with the streamers in the same direction. At 11.17 there was 
a faint streak (brightness 1) through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Draco, and Bootes, with bright cur- 
tains in Pegasus and Cygnus. At 12.17 there was an arch whose extremities bore SE. and NW., 
and below this, on the horizon, a well marked dark segment, with wavy faint streamers above it, 
and faint patches of light in Andromeda and Cassiopeia. At 1 a. m. there was a broad bright zone 
occupying nearly all the western sky, and extending east of the zenith, from Bootes, in the NNW., 
through L T rsa Major, round above Capella to Taurus, in the ESE. The zone was composed of sev- 
eral broad sinuous bands, converging near the horizon, and sometimes developing streamers (bright- 
ness 2 to 3). It drifted westward, and had passed the zenith at 1.10, in motion especially on the 
edge, in the N., and at the zenith, waving and vibrating, with some slight display of colors, j'ellow, 
green, and rose. There was a particularly bright portion in the SE. The whole had sunk low in 
the SW. at 1.17. From 2 to 2.17 a. m. the aurora was reduced to two bands lying low in the SW., 
from Ophinchus in the NW. through Aquila to Pegasus in the S., with streamers from the upper 
band, all growing gradually smaller (brightness 2 to 3). At 3 a. m. a broad bright zone of the 
usual type crossed the zenith from Orion and Taurus in the SE. to Bootes, with streamers forming 
a half corona E. of the zenith, centering in Cassiopeia (brightness 2). At 3.10 the half corona was 
W. of the zenith, with the bands as before, developing wavy curtains at the zenith. At 3.17 there 
were bands low in the NE., running from Procyon through Leo Minor and Canes Venatici to Bootes, 
made up of streamers, flashing rapidly from N. to S., and showing beneath them a well-marked 
dark segment (brightness 2 to 3). At 4 a. m. these bands had become curtains ; there was a broad 
band (1) in the S. and sinuous streaks covered most of the sky at right angles, roughly speaking, 
to the magnetic meridian, converging towards the horizon in the NW. and SE. At 4.10 to 4.17, 
radiating from Aquila in the NW., near the horizon, and Canis Major, near the SE., bands, streaks, 
and streamers covered most of the sky, constantly changing and shifting, with much flickering 
motion. There was a special center of activity in the N, where curtains were developed. At 5 
the aurora consisted of two bands, with yellowish streamers. At G it was an arch made up of cur- 
tains and streamers in rapid motion (brightness 2 to 3). At 7 there were only faint traces around 
the horizon, while at 8 no aurora was visible, but it broke out again at 9 in the form of a white 
striated band (brightness 2 to 3), about 30° in width, passing from the SE. to NW., about 3° to 5° 
SW. of the zenith. There was much wave-like motion from W. to E., with considerable change of 
forni, but not of position. The horizon was fringed with streamers, generally about 20° long and 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 301 

motionless. From 10.15 to 10.30 the aurora filled almost the entire southern half of the sky, pass- 
ing from SE. to SW, north of the zenith. The lower half of the sky was filled with curtains bril- 
liantly colored, green, yellow, and red predominating', in narrow bands parallel to tbe magnetic 
meridian, tbc whole in rapid motion from E. to W. (brightness 2). At 11.20 there was a perfect 
corona, with curtains in the S. and a luminous band on the northern horizon from the SE. to NW., 
sending up streamers to tbe zenitb, white and quiet (brightness 1 to 2). At 11.17 tbc corona still 
continued, and the whole aurora was of the same general type, but moving slightly. It faded 
about 11.30 a. m. The magnetic needles were but slightly disturbed up to 3 a. m., when tbe dis- 
turbance became very violent, not subsiding until about 5 p. m. All these elements were affected, 
especially tbe horizontal and vertical force, the former decreasing and the latter increasing so 
much that it was frequently impossible to measure them, while the declination ranged from 310 
to 510. 

November 13 and 14, 1882, 11.17 p. m. to 1.20 jj. m. — The aurora commenced at dusk and was 
first observed (11.17 p. m.) as a wavy band through Pisces, Perseus, Auriga, Leo Minor, and Coma 
Berenices, whence a faint streak rose to the Pole star, through Ursa Major. At 11.17 a. m. the 
same or a similar band passed through Perseus, Draco, Lacerta, Ursa Major, and Canes Yenatici, 
with faint streaks also in Cygnus. At 1 a. m. a rather broad arched band (brightness to 1) 
extended from Taurus in the ESE. through Auriga to Ursa Major below the Dipper and Canes 
Veuatici, brightest at the northern end, and sending off one or two long streamers at the ESE. end. 
This had faded greatly and become much broken at 1.10. At 1.17 a broad zone of the ordinary 
type of sinuous bands crossed the zenith from a point in Bootes, near the northern horizon, to 
Taurus in ESE. This zone was pale, only reaching a brightness of 1 in a few places. At 2 a.m. 
this had condensed into a twisted band 4° to 5° wide (brightness 2) from Eridanus on the ESE. 
horizon through Taurus, where it was much twisted like a smoke wreath, Perseus, close to Cassi- 
opeia, through Ursa Minor and Draco to Corona Borealis. The whole was drifting slowly west- 
ward, having reached Cygnus and Lyra at 2.17, changing but little in character. At 3 a. m. there 
was a pale band low in the SW., while" another zone crossed the zenith, spreading over the eastern 
sky with the bands much twisted, and forming something like curtains, varying in brightness from 
1 to 3, with slight motion, and some faint rosy orange tinges in SE. The extremities were in 
Monoceros in the ESE., where it had a curdled appearance, and reached a brightness of 3 at 3.17. 
At 4 a. m. the aurora was of the same character, but paler (0 to 1), and lying more in the SW. At 
4.17 there was a well-pronounced zone, which only reached a brightness of 1 in places, radiating 
from points in the lower part of Orion in the ESE. and Serpens in the MW., so broad as to cover 
most of the sky, arching above the square of Pegasus in the SW. At 5 a. m. two arches ran from 
Orion through Andromeda to Cygnus, with bright streamers of various colors from yellow to red, 
blue and green, vibrating rapidly from W. to E. (brightness about 3). At there was an arch 
from S. to W., with green streamers at the western end. At 7 there were simply traces around 
the horizon, and at 8 only faint traces. At 9.17 there was a broad, quiet, white nebulous band 
from Orion through Gemini, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatici to Bootes (brightness 1). At 10.20 
there was a corona of pale, white, quiet streamers from the horizon to the zenith (brightness to 
1). At 11.10 a. m. pale, white, quiet striated bands running E. and W., filling the sky from about 
10° west of Polaris to the southern horizon. Only faint traces were visible at 12.17 p. m., and 
continued to be visible, especially in Ursa Major and the MW., till broad daylight. The magnetic 
needles were but slightly disturbed up to 9 a. in., when a disturbance of great violence set in. This 
had not ended at midnight. 

Koveniber 14 and 15, 1882, 9 p. m. to 12.15 j>. m. — While the twilight was still bright the aurora 
appeared as pale, vertical streamers in the ESE. in Perseus and Andromeda at about 20° above 
the horizon, and at 10 p. m. had developed into an arch of streamers still pale (0 to 1), from Leo 
Minor, some distance above the northern horizon, through Auriga ending in Triangulum, nmn- 
taining essentially the same position and character up to 11 p. m., though growing brighter. At 
12, midnight, a twisted baud 4° or 5° wide passed from Bootes in the In. through Ursa Major and 
Ursa Minor to Pegasus, and there were also faint bands in Cassiopeia. Andromeda, and Draco. 
At 1.17 a zone of the usuaftype crossed 4° or 5° W. of the zenith, from a point low in Taurus in 
the ESE., through Aries, Triangulum, Andromeda, Cygnus, Lyra, and Corona Borealis to Bootes, 



392 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

close to the horizon in the ETSTW. This zone was much twisted in the N. (brightness 2). showing 
a faint rose tinge in the N. and SE. At 2 a. m. it was in the form of two bands, one from Canes 
Venatici through Ursa Minor to Andromeda, the other across the zenith from ITrsa Major to Taurus 
(brightness 3). Between this observation and the next the aurora reached its maximum, being a 
great display of the usual type, bands, curtains and streamers covering the whole sky, with much 
play of colors, and vibration, fading rapidly. At 3 a. m. there were three bands with streamers, 
two from Aquila in the ISTW., through Oygnus and Hercules, and one arch from Pegasus to Aries 
(brightness 1 to 2), displaying yellow, green and pale blue colors, and vibrating rapidly. Between 
this observation and the next the aurora was again brilliant, but at 4 a. m. had faded to a quiet 
band (brightness to 1), round the horizon, and at 5 there were two similar baods from W. to 
SE. At 6.17 there was a faint illumination in the southern horizon, and quiet curtains in the N. 
At 7 a. m. there was a faint band in the SW., from Pegasus through Taurus to Gemini, with pale 
streamers moving slightly at the western end, aud also several patches in Lacerta, Cassiopeia, and 
Cepheus. At 8.15 there were a few pale, white, quiet streamers between the X. and SE., and no 
aurora was seen at the next observation ; but at 10.15 there was a faint arch from the SE. to SW., 
with an altitude of about 20°, with the lower edge well defined and showing a dark segment. At 
11.15 there were faint streamers in the E., passing from the horizon through Canes Venatici, Coma 
Berenices, Bootes, and Lyra, and converging to a point just above a and p Ursa? Majoris. At 
12.15 there were very pale streaks in Ursa Major, nearly reaching the zenith, and traces of aurora 
in the NW. obscured by clouds. The magnetic disturbance of yesterday continued pretty violent 
up to about 6 a. in., since which time the instruments have been comparatively quiet. 

November 16, 1882, 12.15 p. m. to 11.20 a. m. — The aurora did not begin till some time after 
dark, first appearing as a faint streak of light in Leo Minor. At 1 a. m. there was a pale glow 
all around the horizon, brightest in the IS., when at 3.17 three vertical streaks had developed, the 
largest running from near Arcturus to Draco, very pale (0 to 1). At 2 a. m. there was a narrow 
hazy band (brightness to 1) across zenith from a point in the lower part of Taurus in the ESE. 
through Perseus, Triangulum, and Cassiopeia to Draco, brightest close to the SE. part, where it 
reached brightness 1 at 2.17, the crown having drifted westward to Cygnus and the band broad- 
ened a little, running down closer to the MW, horizon in Corona Borealis. At 3 a. m. there was 
a broad, pale zone, much broken (brightness to 1) from the same points in the NEW. to SE., 
from the S W. horizon to an altitude of about 20°, beginning to brighten and develop streamers at 
3.10. At 3.17 it was rising in the form of an arch of streamers, approaching the curtain form, till 
it reached the square of Pegasus, Cygnus, and Lyra, where it began to fade and then develop into 
a paler zone of sinuous streaks. There was some vibration from E. to W. and a faint green tinge 
on the uppe? edge, shading through yellow to pale rose. There was a similar but smaller arch iu 
the E. in Gemini and Cancer, and another in Leo. At 4 a. m. there was a broad zone of the usual 
type (brightness 2 to 3) from a point in Monoceros close to the ESE. horizon to a point in Serpens 
in MW, occupying Orion, Taurus, Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, Cygnus, 
aud Lyra. The eastern edge was the brightest and much twisted. The aurora in the E. was cssen- >»■ 
tially unchanged. There were additional streamers from the tail of Ursa Major to the zenith at 
4.10. At 4.17 the bands of the zone were separating and growing paler except the westernmost 
(brightness 3). At 5 a. m. there was a band with motionless streamers from Canis Minor through 
Orion to Pisces about 5° to 8° above the horizon, and a paler band shaped like a horseshoe from 
Orion to Leo. At 6 a. m. a bright band crossed the zenith from Lyra through Ursa Minor to 
Gemini, moving slowly to the south. At 7 there were two faint arched bands around the hori- 
zon. At 8 there was a corona, with its center a little W. of the zenith, covering almost the whole 
sky. From the center beams extended to bands and streamers. It was nearly gone at 8.20 a. m. 
(brightness 1 to 2). At 9.17 there was a broad white quiet band (brightness 1) from Andromeda 
through Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, and Ursa Minor, ending iu Bootes, with also a faint glow 
on the southern horizon. The band had disappeared at 10.17, and the glow had developed into 
an arch with its corona at an altitude of about 20°, with short streamers from the arch. There 
were also streamers 45° long iu the NE., E. and S. about 20° above the horizon. At 11.20 there 
were a few faint quiet streamers in the NE. The needles were bnt slightly disturbed ; most so 
about 4 a. m. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 393 

November 17. 1882, 12.15 a. m. to 12.30 p. to. — At 12.15 a. in. faint streamers were observed in 
the N., partially obscured by clouds. At 1 a. ui. there was merely a pale glow all around the 
horizon, but teu minutes after there was rather a broad arched streak (brightness 1) running up 
from close to Arcturus in the N. near the horizon, through Canes Venatici aud Ursa Major, ending- 
close above Castor aud Pollux. At 1.17 there was a twisted band from the same point in the N- 
up to Ursa Major. From 2 to 2.17 there was a pale glow all around the horizon, with occasional 
1'aint streamers close to the horizon in the SE. At 3 a. m. there was a pale band (brightness 1), 
divided lengthwise, so the ends overlapped at the zenith, crossed the zenith from Auriga high iu 
the ESE., through Cassiopeia to Draco, reaching down towards Bootes at 3.10 and fading at the E. 
end. There were also traces in the E. in Orion, Cancer, aud Leo Minor, developing into a pale 
arch of streamers at 3.17, while the rest of the aurora faded. At 4 a. m. there were pale bands 
and streamers in the NE., developing at 4.17 into a twisted vertical band in the NE. (brightness 
1), occupying Leo Minor and the whole of Ursa Major, and spreading pale and hazy toward the 
zenith. The horizontal force fell suddenly with the development of this band. There was also a 
pale band in Lyra in the NW. At 5 a. m. there was a pale arch from Hercules to Serpens, and 
three or four bunches of streamers in Cygnus, Lyra, and Corona Borealis (brightness tol), and no 
motion. At 6 a. m. there was a quiet band from Pegasus, through Triangulum to Taurus, with no 
motion. This was almost hidden by haze at C.20. After this the sky became covered with 
clouds, only clearing at intervals. Traces of aurora were observed at 9.17 and 10.17, at the latter 
observation giving indication of an extensive aurora behind the clouds. Traces were again vis- 
ible at 11 .20 through the clouds. At 12.15 p. m. the sky cleared, and was observed to be encir- 
cled by a broad band of white, quiet light. In a few minutes the sky from the NE. to SE. points 
became colored a bright rosy red, the color fading away towards the zenith. About the same time 
a large white curtain formed across the rest of the sky, remaining nearly motionless for several 
minutes, and then gradually disappeared, while the red color spread farther S., and bright rays 
shot up towards the zenith, forming a perfect corona, which continued about forty minutes. The 
streamers of the corona were white and motionless. When the red color first appeared the light 
was striated with the rays parallel to the magnetic meridian, and several stars were visible showing 
through the colored portion with undiminished brilliancy. At 1 a. m. traces of aurora were 
observed iu Bootes. The magnetic were almost undisturbed up to a. m., when a violent disturb- 
ance commenced, still going ou at daylight. 

November 18, 1882, 7 a. to. to 12.17 jp. to. — The weather was stormy during most of the night, 
but the clouds thinned away from 7 a. m. to 12.30 p. in., permitting portions of the aurora to be 
seen. At 7 a. m., a band of streamers vibrating up and down, and also from E. to W. (brightness 
1 to 2) was seen stretching from Orion through Aries to Pegasus, while another band without 
streamers ran from Orion through Perseus and Cassiopeia to Cygnus, moving slowly towards the 
SW. At S there was a faint arch (brightness to 1) from Orion to Pegasus. Traces were seen 
through the clouds at 9.17 and at 10.17 in the E. and SE. At 12.17 there was a quiet white nebu- 
lous band (brightness to 1) from the SE. to the N., reaching an altitude of about 40° above the 
horizon, in the S. 

November 18 and 19, 1SS2, 9.15 j». m. to 9.17 a. to. — Duriug most of the night the sky was cov- 
ered by thin hazy stratus clouds, through occasional breaks of which traces of aurora were observed 
from time to time, beginning as early as 9.15 p. m. on the 18th. At 10.15 the sky was clear enough 
to display a waving band (brightness 1) from Coma Berenices in the NNW. through Canes Vena- 
tici, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia to Pegasus in the ESE. It was brightest in Ursa Major, 
where it wag broken into streamers. At 11.15 an arch was observed through the haze, very dim 
and wide in places, broken into three parallel bands, with its extremities bearing NW. and SE. 
The next hour it was cloudy, but the clouds appeared luminous here and there. At 1 a. m. on the 
19th there were traces of aurora through the clouds in the N., and at 3 a. m. traces of bands 
crossing the zenith from NW. to SE. were seen through the clouds. At 4 similar traces were seen in 
the NE., and at 8 and 9.17 a. ra. in the S. and W., and at the last hour also at the zenith. There 
was considerable magnetic disturbance during the whole night. 

November 19 and 20, 8 p. to. to 11.17 a. to. — Just before the 8 p. m. observation, the sky being 
clear and the twilight still bright, pale streaks of aurora were observed in the N , high up in the 
H. Ex. 44 50 



394 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 

sky. No aurora was recorded at the 8 p. in. observation. The sky then clouded over and did not 
clear again until 1 a. m. on the 20tk, when there was visible a band from near [e] Ursa; Majoris in 
the NNW. across the zenith to Cassiopeia, with a corresponding band in the ESE. running up 
towards it but not meeting it, from Taurus through Aries and Andromeda (brightness 1). There 
were pale broken bands in the W. and an arch low in the NE. in Canis Minor and Leo. The SE. 
part of the band was gone at 2.17, the eastern aurora was paler, and there was an additional streak 
in Ursa Major. At 2 a. in. there were two broad streamers in Ophiuchus in the NNW., about 5° 
above the horizon (brightness 1) ; pale and shifting at 2.10 to 2.17. At 3 a. m. there was a pale 
band from the same point in the NNW. to Eridanus in the SE., passing close to ft Cygni and 
through Pegasus. This developed rapidly into a band of curtains and streamers, forming an incom- 
plete corona, which centered near a Cygni at 3.10. These streamers vibrated rapidly from E. to 
W. and from W. to E. The curtains were 2 to 3 in brightness, the streamers were 1, brightest in 
the NW.; and brightly colored yellow and green, succeeding one another in the order named, from 
the horizon up. At 3.17 there was a rosy glow in the NW. and a broad zone across the zenith, 
made up of writhing, twisting bands of streamers in exceedingly rapid motion, both rotating and 
shooting from N. to S. and the reverse. There were the usual green, yellow, and red colors, bright, 
and the brightness was 2 to 3, possibly 4 in places, though much dimmed by the bright moonlight. 
The magnetic disturbance which had hitherto affected only the horizontal force now extended to 
the declination, which fell over G°. At the same time a semi-corona was formed from Ursa Major 
to Andromeda. At 4 there were streamers all around the horizon except in Andromeda (bright- 
ness 1 to 2), white, about 45° long and 10° or 15° above the horizon. The whole faded rapidly, 
having nearly disappeared at 4.17. The declination increased about 13°. At 5 a. m. there was 
another complete corona (brightness 1 to 2), centering in Camelopardalis, a few degrees SW. of 
the zenith. At G' there were several yellowish-green arched bands with streamers from Gemini 
through Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, and Lacerta to Cygnus, slightly vibrating. At 0.15 
the whole had moved a few degrees southward (brightness 1 to 2). At 7 there were two faint 
arches (brightness to 1), one from Taurus to Pegasus, and the other from Hercules to Bootes. At 
8 there was a short, broad, yellowish- green band (brightness 1 to 2), from Monoceros to Taurus in 
the S., sending up motionless streamers. At 9.17 there was another perfect corona, with the rays 
brightest and most numerous in the SE., S., and SW., apparently motionless, and white (brightness 
1 to 2). The corona still continued at 10.17 a. in., but its rays in the NE. no longer sprang from the 
horizon, but from a bright arch whose extremities were in the SE. and NW., and its crown about 
40° northeast of the zenith. The rays vibrated slightly: traces of aurora were still to be seen 
through the clouds at 11.17 a. m., but after that the sky was completely covered. The magnetic 
disturbance continued during the night, though its maximum ^vas reached between 3 and 9 a. m. 

November '21, 18S2, 4 a. m. to 12.30^?. m. — The early part of the night was cloudy, and when it 
cleared at 4 a. m. there was only a pale glow in the N. and NE., and two or three very faint arched 
streaks close to the southern horizon, which wholly faded away. The sky became clouded at 9, 
clearing partially at 11.17, when traces of aurora were visible for an instant only through the clouds, 
apparently without color or motion. At 12.17 a. m. a corona was observed (brightness 3 to 4) in the 
form of a circle all round the horizon, fringed with short rays, centering towards the zenith, but not 
reaching it, lasting only a few minutes. Its color was white, and the streamers vibrated slightly. 
At 12.30 another corona was observed in the form of an ellipse, with its longest diameter E. and N., 
with long streamers converging to the zenith, and fringed with streamers on the outer edge, col- 
ored bright rose, with interspaces of bright myrtle green (brightness 3 to 4). There was consid- 
erable rapid E. and W. vibration, and the display lasted only a few minutes. The magnetic needles 
were exceedingly quiet up to about 8 a. m., when a disturbance commenced, lasting till 10 p. in., 
especially affecting the horizontal force and declination, reaching its maximum at the time of the 
formation of the corona. 

November 25, 2 a, on. to 12.17 p. m. — When the sky cleared at 2 a. m. there was observed ;: 
forked vertical band in the N. from near the horizon towards the zenith, starting at a point in 
Bootes, one branch 'running to the NE. through Ursa Major, the other up through Ursa Minor to 
the zenith (brightness to 1). This had faded at 2.15, and a hazy arched band (brightness 1) ran 
from Hercules high in the NW. through [i Cygni and the square of Pegasus, disappearing in the 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 3b 5 

moonlight in the S. At 3 a. in. there were traces of aurora in the NE., which at 3.15 had developed 
into an arched band (brightness 2) with faint tinges of red and yellow from a point in Monoceros 
close to the horizon in the ESE. through Leo to a point in Bootes near the N. horizon. At 4.10 
there was an arched band (brightness 1), curved into an ellipse in the NE. some 10° or 15° above 
the horizon, in Oanis Minor, Cancer, Leo Minor, and Canes Yenatici. This had nearly faded at 
4.15, and none was observed at 5 a. m. At C an arch crossed the southern horizon from SE. to SW. 
with streamers on the SE. half, running from Canis Minor, through Orion and Taurus, to Andromeda. 
The streamers crossed rapidly from W. to E., with play of colors, yellow, green, and red (bright- 
ness about 2). At 7 a. m. there was a band (brightness 1 to 2) from Cygnus through Corona 
Borealis to Bootes, but at 7.15 there was only a faint small arch in Ursa Major. At 8 there were 
merely faint traces over the NE. horizon, and no more was observed till 12.17 p. m., when there was 
a corona of long, slender white streamers, a few of them brighter than the rest, stretching about 
30° above the horizon (brightness to 1). The whole aurora was much dimmed by the exceedingly 
brilliant moonlight. The magnetic needles were almost undisturbed up to 7 a. m., when a disturb 
ance, chiefly affecting the intensity with decrease of horizontal and increase of vertical force, com- 
menced, lasting till 3 p. m. 

November 26, 12.30 a. m. to 4 a. m. — Preliminary evanescent streamers were noticed in Ursa 
Major high in the NNE. at 8.45 p. m. (3.30 local); but no more aurora was seen till at the 1 a. m. 
observation, when pale streaks were observed in the IS., developing at 1.15 into a pale zone of the 
ordinary type, white and quiet (brightness to 1), across the zenith, converging at points in Bootes 
in the NNW. and Cetus in the SE. close to the horizon. There were three main bands in the zone, 
one through Ursa Major and Auriga, one through Ursa Minor, and one through Cassiopeia and 
Andromeda. At 2 a. m. the western band alone of this zone still remained, and there were besides 
three or four arched bands of short bright streamers in the NE. in Canis Minor, Cancer, Leo. and 
Coma Berenices, with considerable vibration from is", to S. (brightness 2 to 3), tinged with green, 
yellow, and red, while pale streaks and streamers near the zenith moved rather rapidly, tending to 
form an imperfect corona. At 2.10 the eastern aurora had subsided into pale bands, and one ser- 
pentine streak (0 to 1) ran from Ursa Major through Polaris to the square of Pegasus approxi- 
mately parallel to the magnetic meridian. There was considerable magnetic disturbance with 
increase of the horizontal force and slight diminution of the other two elements. The aurora had 
mostly faded at 2.15. At 3 a. m. there was a pale band in the place of the eastern aurora described 
at 2 o'clock. At 3.15 to 17 there was an arched band with a reversed curve at the SE. end. from 
Canis Minor through Gemini into Ursa Major, gradually breaking into streamers at the northern 
end. The magnetic needles were comparatively quiet. At 4 a. m. the sky was overspread with 
polar bands of cloud, which allowed only indistinct traces of aurora to be seen, and during the rest 
of the night similar clouds prevented the observation of aurora. The aurora was much dimmed 
by the moonlight. 

November 27, 1882, 3 a.m. to 4.10 a. m. — At 3 a. m. part of the pale, narrow, quiet band was 
observed through the thin clouds in the NE. at right angles to the magnetic meridian. At 4 a. m. 
there was a broad hazy band (0 to 1) from the IW. to SE., visible only from Cygnus through Cas- 
siopeia, and had moved 20° eastward at 4.10, leaving only traces through the clouds at 4.15. Ax 
5 a. m. a 'pale yellowish band (0 to 1), motionless, ran from Leo through Ursa Major to Draco. At 
there was a pale motionless arch from Cygnus through Andromeda to Perseus, and a patch in 
Auriga (brightness to 1). Clouds prevented further observation. The magnetic needles were 
comparatively quiet most of the night. There was a slight disturbance at 3.05, the horizontal force 
rising and then falling below the normal, and another at 10.12, the horizontal force falling slightly. 

November 27 and 2S,' 1SS2, 9.15 ^>. to. to 1.15 jp. to. — At 9.15 p. in. on the 27th there were faint 
horizontal streaks through Taurus, Gemini, and Leo in the NE. No more aurora was observed, 
the sky being partly obscured by streaks of cloud, until 1 a. m., when ihe sky was clear, and 
streaks were noticed in the N. arid E., which developed at 1.15 into a broad hazj* twisted band 
(brightness 1) from a point in Bootes below Arcturus close to the horizon NNW. through Draco, 
Ursa Minor, Perseus, and the Pleiades, ending in the lower part of Taurus close to the horizon 
ESE. From 2 to 2.15 a. m. there was a rather broad zone of the usual type (brightness 2) from a. 
point in Serpens close to the horizon MW., to a similar point in Orion ESE., occupying Lyra, 



396 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Oygnus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Aries, and Taurus. At 4 a. m. tlie zone was ratlier lower, occu- 
pying Aquila and the square of Pegasus, and much brighter (3) with motion beginning to develop 
at the ESE. end. It rose rapidly, being at 3.10 at the position of the 2 o'clock aurora, with very 
rapid waving and gyratory motion (brightness 2 to 3). At 3.15 it crossed the zenith, reaching east 
to Ursa Major and Gemini, much paler (1 to 2) and quieter. There was a large magnetic disturb- 
ance, chiefly affecting the horizontal force, which fell very low. At 4 a. m. only traces of aurora 
were visible. At 5 a. m. there was a band (brightness 2) from Lyra to Ursa Major across the NE., 
and at 6 a. in. a broad band ran from Pegasus through Oygnus, Cepheus, and Ursa Major to Leo. 
Another band of the same color and brightness (1 to 2) from Andromeda through Cassiopeia and 
Auriga to Gemini, both having a rapid lengthwise motion from W. to E., resembling steam or 
smoke driven by a brisk wind. From 7 a. m. to 1.15 p. m. there were merely traces of aurora visi- 
ble, though the sky was clear. The traces a 1.15 were low in the SSE. and developed into a pale 
streak across the zenith, fading at dawn. 

November 28 and 29, 1882, 10 ]}. m. to 10.15 a. to. — The whole night was clear. At 10.15 an arch 
was observed in the northeast with an altitude of about 25°, its extremities being NNW. to E. by S. 
The color was a faint yellow (brightness 1). At 11.15 the arch was in a similar position, but some- 
what higher. At 12.15 it was still in the same position, but had developed streamers at theNNW. 
end reaching to Ursa Major. No aurora was visible at 1 a. in., but at 1.10 to 2.15 there was a 
narrow arched baud (brightness 1) from a point in Bootes near the horizon N. through Leo Minor, 
ending in Gemini below Castor and Pollux, at an altitude of about 25°. From this time to 5 a. in. 
there was no aurora, but at 5 a band (brightness to 1) crossed the zenith from NNW. to S., from 
Vnlpecula through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Camelopardalis, ending in Auriga and Lynx. 
At G the arch was yellow and made of streamers, waving from E, to W., and varying slightly in 
brightness (1 to 2). Faint traces only were visible at 7 a. m. from Hercules to Bootes. At S a. m. 
there was a motionless band from Pegasus through Taurus and Orion to Canis Minor. Traces only, 
soon disappearing, were visible at 10.10 a. m., and no more aurora was seen. The magnetic needles 
were comparatively undisturbed all night. 

November 30, 1882, 12.15 a. m. to 11.30 a. to. — The whole night was clear. About midnight, 
Washington time (between 7.30 and 7.40 p. m. local), there was a low arch in the NE. (brightness 
1 to 2) from Taurus, where it was very faint through Gemini, Leo Minor, where it was brightest, 
and Coma Berenices, sending up faint streamers in the last two constellations. At 1 to 1.15 a. m. 
there w T as a broad twisted band, white and quiet (brightness 2 to 3), from a point in Taurus near the 
horizon in the ESE. across the zenith, through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Draco, to a 
point in Bootes, close to the horizon in the KNW. At 2 a. m the aurora was unchanged in bearing, 
altitude, and brightness, but started from Orion in the ESE., and was split in two parts, one on each 
side of Polaris, while from the southeast end a band was beginning to shoot up towards the north- 
east. This had developed into an arched band through Gemini and Ursa Major, at an altitude of 
about 40°, reaching Bootes in the N., while the western bands had almost faded out. At 2.15 these 
bands had developed into a zone of the ordinary type from the same points of the horizon, reaching 
W. to Cygnus and Lyra and E. below Gemini. The eastern bands were the brightest (2 to 3), and 
in the ESE. showed a faint yellow and rose tinge. At 3 a. to. the zone was mostly reduced to a 
broad band, brightest in the lower edge (2 to 3), along the SW. horizon, with an altitude of about 
25° at its highest point, running from Orion's belt below the square of Pegasus to a point in Ser- 
pens in the NW. This continued at 3.15, and in addition a zone of paler bands (1 to 2) covered 
most of the sky as far E. as Ursa Major and Gemini. The southeast base of the zone was very 
broad, some 20° of the azimuth. 4 a. m. found the aurora in essentially the same position, but much 
paler (0 to 1), and it was still more faded and broken at 4.15. At 5 a. m. there were two bright (2 to 3) 
yellowish bands from Pegasus in the NW., one through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, and Gemini to Canis 
Minor in the S. across the zenith ; the other through Taurus to Orion in the SW., but showing- 
rapid motion from NW. to S. At G there was a quiet, greenish 'band (brightness 1) from Pegasus, 
through Pisces, to Orion. Traces only were visible at 7 a. m., but at 7.15 a brilliant corona (2 to 3) 
formed, with its center a little N. of the zenith. The streamers were bright yellow, and moved 
round the center, vibrating from W. to E. and from E. to W., keeping the same relative position. 
Other bands and streamers moved in almost every direction. Traces of this corona were still visible 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 397 

at 8, and continued to be seen up to about 11.30, last appearing as faint streamers in the E., ESE., 
and W. The magnetic needles were comparatively undisturbed all night. 

November 30 and December 1, 1882, 9.15 p. m. to 10.30 a. m. — The aurora began as a few vertical 
streaks in the ESE. in Aries and Perseus, and developed into a regular arch of streamers (1), crossing 
through Gemini and TJrsa Major into Bootes in the MW. This had faded at 10.10, and the aurora 
was the same as at the beginning, with a few additional streaks in Lynx and Auriga. At 11.15 
there were traces only of aurora in the S. near the horizon. At 12.10 a bright band crossed the 
zenith from a Tauri to Hercules, slightly tinged with yellow, and vibrating. At 1.15 a narrow, 
twisted streak crossed the zenith from ESE., close to thehorizon, to the MW., through Orion, 
Auriga, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Draco, and Corona Borealis (brightness 1 to 2). From Orion 
it was broken up into streamers. There was also a pale, hazy, perfectly quiet and regular arch 
in the SW., reaching an altitude of about 25°. At 2.15 traces only were visible in Orion, and 
3.15 traces of bands crossing the zenith from NW. to SE. were seen. At 6.15 two pale white 
hands (brightness 1) extended from ESE. to WNW., the larger from Gemini, through Auriga and 
Lacerta, to Cygnus, about 12° or 15° south of the zenith, the second being somewhat shorter and 
about 10° below the first. At 7.15 several yellowish bands (brightness 2 to 3), vibrating rapidly 
from W. to E.j extended from Andromeda, through Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, and Ursa Major to 
Leo and Coma Berenices. The whole drifted slowly southward. At 8.17 a broad, irregular band 
of white, quiet light extended from Leo Minor, through Ursa Major and Draco, to Cygnus (bright- 
ness 2). At 9.15 two bands (brightness to 1) extended from Aries, through Gemini, to Canis 
Minor and Cancer, and only faint traces were visible at 10.17. There was a slight magnetic dis- 
turbance from 7 to 10 a. in., but otherwise the needles were remarkably quiet. 

December 1 and 2, 1882, 9.15 p. m. to 10.17 a. m. — At 9.15 p. m. there was a faint patch of light 
in Aries in the ESE. After this preliminary flash no more aurora was seen till 12.15 a. m., when 
there were very faint streamers in Coma Berenices and Canes Yenatici, and a broad, low, hazy 
arch from Coma Berenices, through Bootes, Hercules, Aquila, and Delphinus, to Pegasus. The 
dark segment was quite strongly marked below the arch. Erom 1 to 1.15 there were faint hori- 
zontal bands low in the !NE. from Orion through Canis Minor and Leo, and a very evanescent 
band from a Bootis to the tail of Ursa Major, and at 1.15 a very faint band across the zenith from 
Lyra to Taurus (brightness to 1). At 2 to 2.15 the aurora was essentially the same, with the 
addition of some well-defined streamers (0 to 1) in Leo and Leo Minor. There were also very faint 
traces crossing the zenith. At 3 a. m. there were very faint traces of a band from Cygnus across 
Pegasus in the western sky and traces in the east and south. At 3.10 there was a patch of stream- 
ers (1) in Coma Berenices and Bootes in the NNE., one reaching up to Ursa Minor. These had 
faded to traces at 3.15. At 4 a. m. there was a bright (2) yellowish band crossing up through 
Canes Venatici in the NE., then across through Ursa Major to Lyra near a Lyras, and a corona of 
streamers (brightness 1) reaching down about 40° from the zenith, incomplete from Ursa Major 
and brightest in the MW. Only this portion remained at 4.10, and the band in the north was 
reduced in size and brightness. The whole was fading to traces at 4.15. At 5 a. m. there were 
merely faint traces over the horizon from W. to S. At 6 a. m. a yellowish-green quiet band 
(brightness 1) extended from Andromeda through Aries and Gemini to Canis Minor. At 7 a yel- 
lowish band (brightness 1 to 2) with streamers vibrating slowly from E. to" W. stretched from 
Pisces through Taurus and Orion to Canis Major. At 8 an arch (brightness 1 to 2) ran from 
Cygnus through Cassiopeia and Auriga to Cancer, moving slowly towards the zenith. At 9.17 
there was a broad, white, quiet band (brightness to 1) from Coma Berenices through Lynx and 
Auriga to the Pleiades, and at 10.17 there was a broad, irregular, striated band, white and quiet 
(brightness 1), from Corona Borealis through Ursa Major to Taurus. The magnetic needles were 
unusually quiet all night, being slightly disturbed about 11 a. m. 

December 3, 1882, 4 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. — The first traces of aurora were seen at 4 a. m. shining 
through the fog, in the form of the Upper portion of a pale, regular, quiet arch in the SW., reaching 
an altitude of about 45°, and an arched streak in the NE. at an altitude of about G0°. The sky 
gradually became much clearer, and at 5 a. m. a yellowish-green band extended from Andromeda 
through Aries and the Pleiades to Canis Minor (brightness 1). At G a. m. there was a broad, yel- 
lowish, quiet band (brightness 1 to 2) across the zenith from Pegasus through Audromeda, 



•398 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Auriga, Cassiopeia, and Oamelopardalis to Leo. At 7 the aurora had the same position and char- 
acter as at 5. At 8 a. m. an arch (brightness 1) extended from Bootes through Draco and Cygnus 
to Pegasus. At 9.17 there wero two white and quiet bands (brightness to 1) started together 
from Bootes in the SE. and met in Taurus in the W., one running about 30° above the southern 
horizon and the other crossing the zenith. At 10.10 the lower band had disappeared, but the one 
across the zenith remained unchanged, while another band appeared extending from the Pleiades 
to Perseus, Cassiopeia, and Cepkeus to near Hercules. At 11.17 there was a white, quiet band 
(brightness to 1) from, the SE. to NW. through the Pleiades and Coma Berenices and close to 
Ursa Major. Only faint traces were visible at 12.17 p. m., and these had wholly disappeared at 
1 p. m. The magnetic needles were unusually quiet, only showing signs of disturbance at 9 a. m, 
and 12 and 1 p. in. 

December 3 and 4, 18S2, 9.15 p. in. to 1.15 p. m. — At 9.15 p. m. the aurora commenced as pale 
lines of light in NE. through Gemini and Taurus, with faint streamers in Lynx. At 10.15 there 
was a quiet arched band (brightness to 1) through Taurus, Gemini, Leo Minor, and Coma 
Berenices, with streamers in Leo Minor and Ursa Major. It was brightest in Leo Minor and very 
faint in Gemini. For several hours the bearing of the aurora was unchanged, but it appeared in 
different constellations as they rose. At 11.15 there were no streamers. At 12.15 the arch passed 
through Orion, Gemini, Leo, Leo Minor, Coma Berenices, with streamers in Coma and Ursa Major 
(brightness 1). At 1 a. m. there were merely traces along the eastern sky from the E. to ESE., 
but these soon developed into an arch of pale streamers (brightness to 1) from Orion's belt in the 
ESE. through Canis Minor, Cancer, and Leo, ending close to a Bootis, here sending oft' long 
streamers towards the zenith. From 2 to 2.15 a. m. there were two principal arched bands, the 
upper sending off short streamers, starting from a point in Monoceros close to the horizon in the 
ESE. and meeting at a point in Serpens similarly close to the horizon in the MW. (brightness 1 
to 2), through Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatici, rising slowly and sending off pale 
narrow bands from the northern end, which gradually stretched up towards the zenith. At 3 a. m. 
streaks and curved bands, varying in brightness from 1 to 3, covered most of the sky. The start- 
ing points were in Serpens in the MW. and Monoceros in the ESE. It was brightest in Cygnus 
and Pegasus, when it formed an irregular ellipse, with its longest diameter N. and S., with consid- 
erable whirling motion, and across through Canis Minor, Leo, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, Ursa 
Major, and Hercules, where it was a band of streamers vibrating rapidly from N. to S. The 
brightest part was slightly tinged with greenish-yellow and rose. At 3.10 it was broken and 
paler and the eastern band had split into three, and was fading at 3.15, still brightest in the NE. 
At 4 a. m. there was a faint, low, quiet, and regular arch in the SW. from the NW. to S., reach- 
ing an altitude of about 15°, and bright, curling, wreathing bands (2 to 3), which in 10 minutes 
spread over most of the sky, coming up from a point in Serpens near the horizon in the NW., one 
main branch crossing the zenith and spreading out to Ursa Major and Gemini; another through 
Pegasus. There were also bright disconnected whorls in the NE. The main band moved slowly 
with a waving motion to the west. At 4.15 it was more spread out and not so bright. At 5 there 
was a bright corona, yellowish in color (brightness 3 to 4), centering a little south of the zenith. 
The northern streamers of the corona vibrated rapidly in every direction. The corona had disap- 
peared at 5.20, leaving the sky covered with faint luminous bands resembling stratus clouds. 
There was a magnetic disturbance. At G a. m. there were two motionless arches (brightness 1), 
one through Taurus and Orion to Canis Minor and the other from Sagitta to Bootes. At 7 there 
were only faint traces of bauds. At 8 a band (brightness to 1) extended from Cygnus through 
Draco, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and Cassiopeia to Leo Minor and Gemini. At 9 there were 
merely a few traces over the southern horizon. No aurora was seen at 10, but at 11 a. m. there 
were two yellowish-green arches (brightness 1), one through Orion and Canis Minor to Leo, and 
the second from Taurus across the zenith to Coma Berenices. At 12 m. there were only traces of 
aurora, and at 1.15 p. m. the last of the aurora appeared as a narrow band (brightness 2) extending 
from Cassiopeia through Perseus to Gemini. The needles were considerably agitated at 3 and 4 
a.m., much disturbed at 5 a. m.> the horizontal force being too small to register, and again at 12 in. 
The other two elements were but little affected. 

December 4 and 5, 1882, 9.45 p. m. to 1.15 p. m. — A very evanescent streak appeared in Auriga 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 399 

about 9.45 p. in. After this there was a pale glow around the horizon, beginning to take the form 
of horizontal bands in the S. and SW. at 1 a. m. At 2 a. m. there was a belt of two or three 
streaks, white and quiet (brightness to 1), from a point in Monoeeros in the ESE. to one in 
Bootes in the NNW. through Gemini and Ursa Major. At 2.15 the belt was slightly higher, 
brighter, and more homogeneous. It was brightest in the NNW. At 3 a. m. there was a broad 
zone of the usual type, but very pale (brightness to 1), with its stationary points in Monoeeros in 
the ESE. just below Procyon and in Serpens in the fflW. The eastern edge passed through 
Canis Minor, Cancer, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, and Bootes, the western through Canis Minor, 
Gemini,' Auriga, Camelopardalis, the upper part of Cassiopeia, Cygnus and Lyra, Draco and Her- 
cules. It was somewhat broken and pale at 3.15. At 4 the zone was reduced to two very pale 
(0 to 1) bands starting together from a point in Hydra close to the ESE. horizon, one crossing 
about 20° E. of the zenith, and the other through Orion to near the horizon in the SW. • At 3 
there were merely traces around the horizon. At G a pale yellowish-green band (brightness to 1) 
stretched through Andromeda, Perseus, and Auriga to Canis Minor. At 7 there were two similar 
arches one above the other from Pegasus through Pisces, Taurus, and Orion to Monoeeros. At S 
a. m. a bright band (1 to 2) with streamers waving slowly from W. to E. extended from Pegasus 
through Cygnus, Lyra, and Hercules to Bootes. At 9 there were merelj T traces in Cygnus, Lyra, 
and Hercules. No more aurora was seen till 1 p. m., when there was an arched band (brightness 1) 
from Andromeda through Lacerta and Cygnus to Lyra. This had faded to traces at 1.15. The 
magnetic needles were comparatively undisturbed, though up to 5 a. m. the horizontal force was 
rather greater than usual. 

December 5 and G, 1882, 12.55 p. m. to 8 a. m. — At 11.55 p. m. five pale streamers were seen in 
Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici in the NNE. These were seen again in the same position 
at 1 a. m. but very much paler. At 1.15 there were two faint arched bands (brightness to 1) in 
the E., one from Orion to Gemini, the other from Canis Minor through Cancer. From 2 to 2.15 
there were two hazy and quiet bands (brightness 1) stretching from a point in Monoeeros low in 
the ESE. to one in Serpens in the MW. through Gemini and TJrsa Major. The upper band 
was the broader, and the light was brightest in the ESE. At 3 a. m. there was a broad, pale 
(0 to 1) zone of the ordinary type with its starting point in the ESE. and MW. in Monoeeros 
and Hercules, below a Lyrae, about 10° or 15° above the horizon, crossing the zenith and extending 
west to Cassiopeia, Cygnus, and Lyra. It was brightest in ESE., where it also sent off a broad 
band (brightness 2). through Leo, Leo Minor, and Canes Yenatici to Corona Borealis in the N. This 
band was paler and somewhat broken at 3.15. At 4.15 the aurora was unchanged in character 
but had spread westward to the Pleiades and the square of Pegasus, with a slow drifting move- 
ment to the west. At 5 a. m. there were two arches (brightness 1), without motion, one from 
Cygnus through Cassiopeia and Gemina, and the other from Lyra through Ursa Major to Leo 
Minor. At G there was a pale (0 to 1) yellowish- green arch in the SW. from Andromeda through 
Aries and Taurus to Canis Minor. At 7 a. m. the aurora was blighter (1 to 2), and formed an 
arch, with streamers vibrating slowly, extending from Hercules througn Corona Borealis and 
Bootes to Coma Berenices. There was another pale, motionless arch close to the horizon from the 
SW, to SSE. The weather was hazy at 8 a. m. but traces of aurora were still visible. After 
this the sky became overcast, preventing further observation. The magnetic needles were un- 
usually quiet, though the horizontal force was rather higher than usual. 

December 7, 1882, 3 a. m. to 1.30 _p. in. — Though the sky was partially clear at 3 a. m. no aurora 
was visible except a pale glow along the southern horizon. At 5 a. m. a pale yellowish band 
crossed from Cygnus through Draco to Canes Yenatici, motionless (brightness to 1). Clouds 
prevented the 6 a. m. observation. At 7 a. in. there was another extensive aurora crossing the 
zenith. The western and southern limits ran from Pegasus through Auriga and Gemini to Leo, 
the eastern and northern from Ursa Major through Draco and Cepheus and Lacerta. It was a 
belt of arches without streamers, varying slightly in brightness (1 to 2). No motion was noticed, 
but at 7.15 a. m. the position was a little changed. At 8 two yellowish-green bands, motionless, 
and brightness 1 to 2, extended from Taurus through Orion to Canis Minor and Monoeeros. At 9.17 
there was a broad, quiet, white arch of diffused light from the SE. to NNW., having at the crown 
an altitude of 25° or 30°. At the same time a large portion of the sky northeast of the zenith 



400 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

was filled vritli bands which united with the first in the SE. and MW. (brightness to 1). At 
10.17 nothing remained hut traces of the arch in the southwest. At 11.17 the southern horizon 
was mottled with faint, white spots, and at the same time a hand of white, quiet light (brightness 
to 1) passed from the NW. horizon through the Pleiades and Gemini a short distance southeast 
of TJrsa Major. At 12.10 p. m. there was an extensive aurora of parallel bands, white and quies- 
cent, running ESE. and MW., and extending from the southern horizon to a point about 15° 
north of Cassiopeia. The aurora was unchanged at 1 p. m. but had faded to traces at 1.15. The 
magnetic needles were somewhat disturbed from 11 a. m. to 1. p. m., the horizontal force being 
diminished and the declination and vertical force increased. 

December 8, 1882, 3 a. m. to 10.15 a. m. — There was a faint glow along the horizon as the twi- 
light faded, and at 3 a. m. there appeared faint traces of streamers in the ESE. below Procyon. 
At 4 a. m. there was a somewhat sinuous white and quiet band (brightness 1) from a point in 
Hydra low in the ESE. up through Cancer, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, and Draco, ending near a 
Lyrae in the NW. At 4.15 it was brighter (2) in the ESE., more sinuous, and spreading a little, 
with an additional pale band reaching to /? Cygni. At 5 a. m. a motionless band (brightness 1) 
extended from Pegasus in the NW. through Aries, Taurus, and Orion to. Canis Minor in the SE. 
This band was in the same position at G a. in. but brighter (1 to 2). At 7 a. m. bright bands (1 to 
2) extended from Vulpecula to the zenith and N. and E. of the zenith through Cygnus, Lyra, 
Draco, Hercules, Bootes, and Ursa Major to Leo. No motion was noticed. At 8 a. m. a pale band 
(0 to 1) stretched from Andromeda through Perseus, Auriga, and Gemini to Cancer. At 9.15 a. m. 
a broad, bright (1 to 2) band, white and quiet extended from Canes Yenatici through TTrsa Major 
and Cassiopeia to Andromeda. At 10.15 traces only were visible and no more was observed. The 
magnetic needles showed no signs of disturbance. 

December- 8 and 9, 1882, 10.45 p. m. to 2 p. in. — At 10.45 p. m. there was a faint (0 to 1) but 
definite arch of streamers low in the NE. in Gemini and Cancer. Nothing but a pale glow on the 
horizon was seen until 12.15 a. in., when there were bright streamers in Canes Venatici and Coma 
Berenices, and three wavy bands, one through Taurus, the Pleiades, Perseus, Ursa Major, and 
Bootes, the second through Taurus, Auriga, Ursa Major, and Bootes, and the third through Taurus, 
Orion, Gemini, Leo Minor, and Coma Berenices. These bands were all pale except in Bootes,- 
where they reached a brightness of 2. At 1 a. m. there was a broad zone crossing a little SE. of 
the zenith, with its starting points in Serpens in the NW. and Monoceros in the ESE., the eastern 
edge passing through Cassiopeia and the western through Cygnus and the square of Pegasus, 
with considerable motion on the eastern edge. At 1.15 the whole of the sky from Pegasus in the 
SW. to Gemini in the NE. was covered with serpentine bands and streamers, one starting from 
Cygnus in the NW. and running towards the SE. through Cassiopeia to the Hyades, where it 
turned on itself and ran along the NE. sky through Auriga and Ursa Major, here blending into 
a bright mass of curtains and whorls in the N. There was considerable motion, both twisting and 
vibratory, the whole moving westward rapidly. There were faint colors and a brightness of 2 to 3. 
The declination fell about a degree and a half. At 2 a. m. the western portion was nearly gone, 
and the eastern formed three or four bands from Serpens through Ursa Major and Canes Venatici 
to Gemiui and Cancer, where thjsy curled round into curtains (brightness 2). There was a magnetic 
disturbance specially marked by a high horizontal force. At 3 a. m. nothing was left except faint 
traces of a band from the same starting points across the zenith through Cassiopeia. The mag] 
netic needles were nearly back to their normal position. At 4 a. m. these traces appeared as at 
the last observation, and had nearly disappeared at 4.15, while a patch of aurora was beginning 
to develop in the lower part of Leo, low in the NE. At 5 a. m. there were merely traces in the N. 
At 6 several yellowish-green bands extended from Pegasus through Triangulum, Aries, Taurus, 
Orion, Auriga, Gemini, and Canis Minor to Cancer, with some quiet streamers in Cancer (bright- 
ness 1). At 7 a. m. a zone of yellowish-white bauds crossed the zenith through C3'gnus, Cassiopeia; 
Perseus, Camelopardalis, and Lynx to Leo, with a rapid waving motion (brightness 1 to 2). At 8 
a. m. there was a faint (0 to 1) motionless band through Hercules, Lyra, and Draco to Bootes and 
Coma Berenices. At 10.10 and 12.10 p. m. there were faint traces only visible. At 1.10 p. m. a 
band (brightness 1) extended from Leo Minor through Ursa Major and Ursa Minor to Gopheris, 1 
and faint streaks ran from Gemini towards Ursa Major. Patches of aurora were also visible 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 401 

through breaks in the clouds in the N. At 2 p. ni. there were still traces iu Auriga and Gemini. 
There was another magnetic disturbance between 11 a. m. and 2 p. m., the horizontal force falling- 
low. 

December 9 and 10, dp. m. to 11.10 a. m. — At 9 p. m. the aurora began as a faint band in the 
E. in Taurus, Gemini and Lyra. At 10.15 there was an arch from Taurus through Orion, Gemini, 
Cancer, Lynx and Leo Minor to Coma Berenices. It was very faint, except in Taurus, Coma 
Berenices and Leo Minor, and in the latter constellation was broken into streamers, brightness 1. 
At 11.15 there was merely a faint arched streak through Cancer, Gemini and Lynx. At 12.15 a.m. 
the faint arch was in nearly the same position, but extended through Orion, Cancer, Leo Minor 
and Coma Berenices. There were also two stationary streamers (brightness 1) in Coma Berenices 
and Canes Veuatici. At 1 a. m. the pale arch (brightness 1) extended from Orion's belt in the S.E. up 
through the lower part of Gemini, Leo Minor, Lynx, Canes Veuatici and Bootes, ending below Bootes 
in the N. It was much paler at 1.15. At 2 a. m. there was in the E. a belt of two or three pale bands, 
the third and lowest very indistinct, starting from a point in Monoceros in the ESE. near, but not 
on, the horizon, through Gemini, Lynx and Ursa Major to Bootes in the N. (brightness 1). At 2.15 
it was condensed to a single band (brightness 2), the lower end passing through Canis Minor, Leo 
Minor and Canes Veuatici to Bootes. It was brighter in the ESE. Eroin 3 to 3.15 there was an 
arched, slightly sinuous, band from a point in Hydra, low in the ESE. through Leo, Coma 
Berenices and Bootes to a point in Hercules in the MW. where it sent up a pale streamer into 
Draco. It was somewhat convoluted in the ESE. (brightness 1). At 4 to 4.15 an arched baud (1) 
starting low in Leo in the E. ran through Coma Berenices and faded out high in Bootes in the 
NNE. It was fading slowly, and there were also traces in the S. At 5 two short bands 
(brightness to 1) extended from Pisces through Triangulum to Perseus, and the other from 
Pegasus through Cyguus and Lyra. At 6 there were merely traces on the southern sky, but at 
7 a band of streamers (brightness 2 to 3) in rapid motion from W. to E., and changing color from 
yellow to green and red, extended across the western sky through Pisces, Andromeda, Perseus, 
Auriga, Taurus and Orion to Canis Minor. At 8 there was a quiet yellowish arch from Pegasus 
through Cyguus and Draco to Bootes high in the NE.; 9.10 a. m. showed a broad, low, quiet, white 
arch on the southern horizon from the SSE. to WKW., with a segment of an arch in the north 
and a quiet corona of faint white streaks at zenith. The arch in the S. was still visible at 10.10, 
but the aurora had faded to mere traces at 11.10. The magnetic needles were comparatively quiet 
all night, though both horizontal and vertical intensity read somewhat higher than usual. 

December 11, 1882, 2 a. to. to 2.10 p. in. — At 2 a. m. a broad band (brightness 2) showed across 
the zenith from NW. to SE., while the clouds were still so thick as to allow but one or two stars 
to be seen. This was wholly gone at 2.15, but there were traces of a similar band at 3, which was 
much brighter and better defined at 3.15. At 4.15 broad, bright, shifting, and sinuous streaks in 
rapid motion across the zenith. This must have been a very brilliant aurora, as it showed brightly 
through the clouds and was accompanied by a large magnetic disturbance, with decreased intensity 
and increased declination. After 8 a. m. the sky cleared, but only traces were observed (at 10.10 
a. m.) until 1 p. m., when there was a pale (0 to 1) zone of five distinct bands running NW. and 
SE. ; two of them from Gemini to Bootes, one through Leo Minor, and the other through Ursa 
Major, two from Auriga to Corona Borealis, one through Ursa Minor, and the other through Cas- 
siopeia and Cepheus, and the fifth from Perseus to Hercules through Andromeda and Lacerta. 
The middle band was the brightest. At 2 a. m. there were faint traces at the zenith, which were 
wholly gone at 2.12. Besides the disturbance already mentioned there was a lesser one just before 
and during the zone aurora last noted. 

December 11 and 12, 18S2, 9.15 p. m. to 1 p. to. — At 9.15 p. m. an arch surmounted by streamers 
extended from Cetus through Taurus, Auriga, Gemini, Cancer, Lynx, and Leo Minor. It was very 
faint, except in Taurus, where the streamers reached a brightuess of 2, with the light constantly 
varying in brilliancy. At 10.15 a similar arch extended through Taurus, Orion, Gemini, Cancer, 
Leo Minor, Leo, and Coma Berenices to Bootes, with a brightness of 1, except at the ends, where 
it was 2. There were also faint bands extending, one through Bootes, Draco, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, 
Andromeda, and Pisces, and the other through Corona Borealis, Lyra, Cyguus, Pegasus, and Pisces 
with a large mass of luminous haze in the SW., extending from Bootes to Aquila. There was little 
H. Ex. 44 51 



402 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 

or no motion. At 11.15 there was an arch through Orion, Gemini, Leo Minor, and Coma Berenices 
(brightness 1), with streamers in Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici. At 12.15 there was a simi- 
lar arch through Orion, Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, and Bootes, and a streak in the 
N. shooting up from Bootes throughCorona Borealis and Draco to Cepheus. At 1 a. m. a sinuous 
baud (brightness 2), starting from the lower part of Orion in the ESE., extended through Gemini, 
Ursa Major, Canes Venatici to a point low in Bootes in the NNVT., with a band below it not quite 
so bright going only half way to the west, and a still more indistinct third band. The middle 
band was the brightest at 1.15, and what had been mere traces of bands starting from the same 
point and crossing west of the zenith Lad developed a brightness 1. At 2.15 the band (brightness 
1 to 2) now started in Mouoceros in the ESE., and passed through Canis Minor, Cancer, Leo Minor, 
and Canes Venatici to Bootes, with the western band very faint, and brightest in the NKW. At 
3 a. m. most of the sky was covered with luminous haze somewhat segregated into bauds from the 
MW. to ESE., one brighter than the rest (nearly 1) from Hercules across the zenith, one from 
Hercules to Orion through Lyra, Draco, Cepheus, Camelopardalis and Auriga. The eastern bands 
of the last observation had paled to 1, and the whole was fading at 3.15. At 4 there were several 
faint bands, the most distinct (brightness 1) in NNW. from Hercules in the NNW. up through 
Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, and Leo Minor to Leo in the ESE. This had moved west about 15° and 
had faded to a trace at 4.15, and the only distinct baud (0 to 1) was in the south from Monocercs 
to Orion's belt. At 5 a. m. several bright (2 to 3) yellowish green bands moving slowly, one band 
composed of streamers vibrating rapidly from W. to E. extended from Pisces through Cetus, 
Aries, Taurus, Orion, Gemini, and Canis Minor to Cancer. At a. m. there were several patches 
of faint streamers (0 to 1) in the E. and N. At 7 a. m. quiet bands (brightness 1) ran from Cygnus 
through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Auriga, and Gemini to Leo and Cancer. At 8 a. m. a quiet band 
(brightness 1) extended through Cygnus, Draco, and Bootes to Leo. At 9.10 a. m. a faint white 
quiet band lay along the horizon from the NE. to the W., and from NE. to NW. a (0 to 1) quiet 
band at an altitude of about 25°. The baud on the horizon continued at 10, but had faded some- 
what, and there were traces of (0 to 1) aurora in the NNWW. and NNE. The aurora was the 
same at 11.10 with the addition of faint patches in the NE. and ENE. At 12.17 the entire south- 
ern half of the sky was covered by broad parallel bands running from the NE. to SW., with a 
broad band on the northern side at an altitude of about 4S°. The magnets were considerably dis- 
turbed. At 1 p. m. pale bands running from ESE. to WNW. covered the sky from Leo Minor to 
Andromeda, but at 1.12 there were only traces in the SE. and faint traces of several bands through 
the zenith and Ursa Major. Apart from the disturbance above mentioned the needles were very 
quiet, though early in the evening the horizontal force was rather high. 

December 12 and 13, 1S82, 11.15 a. m. to 1 p. m. — At 11.15 p. m. there was a faint flush in the 
NE. in Cancer and Gemini, but the sky soon became overcast and did not clear again till 6 a. m., 
when there was a broad, faint (0 to 1), motionless band from Perseus through Auriga, Camelopar- 
dalis and Ursa Major to Leo Minor and Coma Berenices. At 7 a faint (0 to 1) band ran from 
Auriga through Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Corona Borealis to Bootes. Clouds interfered 
greatly with the observation of the rest of the aurora, though traces were observed through the 
haze and clouds at 8, 9, 10, and 10.10 a. m. At 1 p. m. patches of pale white light were seen 
through breaks in the clouds near the southern horizon and at the zenith. The magnets were com- 
paratively quiet, though the horizontal force was high early in the evening and lower toward 
midnight. 

December 14, 1882, 2 a. m. to 12.10 p. m. — Beginning with the darkness there was more or less 
pale glow along the NE. horizon, but no definite aurora till 2 a. in., when there was an arched band 
(1) from a Canis Minoris through Cancer to Leo Minor, where it disappeared in the clouds. This 
was much fainter at 2.15. At 3 there was a broad hazy (0 to 1) band starting in Mouoceros iu the 
ESE. up through Canis Minor, Cancer, Lynx, and Ursa Major, where it faded out. At 3.15 it 
extended on to Hercules in the NNW. At 4 it had merely risen slightly, but at 4.15 it had devel- 
oped into a broad, hazy, and somewhat sinuous band (1 to 2) from Hydra in the ESE. to Hydra 
in the NNW. through Cancer, Gemini, Lynx, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, 
Draco, Cygnus, and Lyra, slowly drifting westward. At 5 a. m. a motionless band (brightness 1) 
extended from Pisces through Taurus to Orion. At G there were two motionless yellowish green 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 403 

bands (brightness 1 to 2), one from Pegasus through Aries and Taurus to Gemini, and the other 
through Pegasus, Cyguus, Draco, and Canes Venatici to Coma Berenices. At 7 a. m. a yellowish- 
white arch (brightness 2) rapidly waving, extended from Andromeda through Cassiopeia, Camelo- 
pardalis, and Ursa Major to Leo Minor and Coma Berenices. At 8 there was a faint (0 to 1) band 
low in the SE., through Cetus, Taurus, Orion, and Mouoceros. At 9.17 there was a broad white 
quiet baud in the SW. horizon from SE. to MW., and faint parallel bands running SE. and NW. 
covering the sky from the SW. horizon to the zenith. The aurora was essentially unchanged at 
10.17. At 11.10 the baud on the border of the horizon had disappeared and the other bands now 
running E. and W. had grown fainter. They were reduced to mere traces at 11.17. Faint traces 
of similar bands across the zenith were visible at 12.10 p. m. There was a slight disturbance at 9 
a. m., chiefly affecting the horizontal force. 

December 15, 1882, 1.12 a. m. to 12.15^. m. — More or less pale glow and very faintly luminous 
haze was noticed earlier, but no definite aurora till 1.15, when there were traces of faint streamers 
in the NE., in Cancer and Canis Minor. At 3.15 there was a faint luminous band extending from 
Canis Minor, through Gemini to Lynx, and a faint baud of motionless streamers through Lyra, 
Hercules, Draco, and Ursa Major to Canes Venatici (brightness to 1). At 4.15 there was a quiet 
yellowish arch from Leo through Lyux, Camelopardalis to Perseus and to Triangulum. At 5.15 
traces only were visible. At G.17 traces of a band running SE. and EW. were visible through the 
clouds. At 10.15 there was a white, quiet arch (brightness to 1) spanning the SW. horizon from 
SE. to NW., with an altitude of" about 10°, and also a few bright (0 to 2) streamers in the NE. At 
12.12 p. m. there w r cre traces of a band runuing from Taurus to Bootes, between Gemini and Auriga, 
and traces of patches near the northern horizon. The needles were quiet till 12 m., when the hori- 
zontal force began to fall, going very low between 3 and 4 p. in., and then gradually rising, the 
other two elements meanwhile reading slightly higher. 

December 15 and' lb, 1SS2, 8.10 p. in. to 2.45 ]). m. — At about 3 p. m. of the local day, while the 
sky was still quite light, there appeared stretching across the zenith from SE. to NW. abroad 
hazy band running through Pegasus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, and Ursa 
Major. Its color was a deep, clear crimson, paling somewhat toward the extremities. It was 
brightest in Cassiopeia and then faded and became brightest in Ursa Major (brightness 1 to 2), 
but was wholly gone in about 15 minutes. At 9.15 ruddy streamers, particularly rosy in tlio 
N. and S., filled the whole eastern half of the sky centering in Cepheus. These also soon dis- 
appeared. At 10.15 they had reappeared as before with some additional streamers on the west, 
forming a cape round the zenith. These showed rapid motion shooting from the zenith, and 
faded soon. At 11.15 there was simply a belt of streamers showing only a faint rosy, tint across 
the eastern sky from Bootes to the Pleiades and Perseus. At 12.15 a band (brightness 1) bearing- 
short streamers at intervals passed through Orion, Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatici 
across the NE. sky. There were streamers in Bootes and one long one from Corona Borealis, 
through Cepheus and Draco. Nearly the whole sky was covered at 1 a. m. In the NE. were three 
bands of streamers from NNW. to ESE., the highest passing a little east of the zenith, breaking 
in on the corona which centered near Polaris, its streamers reaching down to Cygnus and Lyra, 
and forming curtains in the W. Avhich reached down nearly to Pegasus. The brightest was 1 to 
2, constantly changing while the band and streamers shifted, continually twisting and waving 
slowly. At -1.15 the corona was mostly east of the zenith and. the western aurora had assumed 
the form of a broad zone from Orion to Hercules, the highest part taking in Cassiopeia, Androme- 
da, and part of Pegasus. When the light reached a brightness of 2 it was tinged with green 
and rose. At 2 a. m. it was all west of the zenith in a broad zone of three main bands from Orion 
in the SE. to Serpens in the NW., the highest through Andromeda and the lowest below the 
square of Pegasus. These bands were made up of streamers flickering rapidly from the W. to E. 
At 2.15 there were four bands in the east, the highest extending along from Canis Minor to Orion 
and converging in the N. The lowest passed through Gemini and Ursa Major while the rest filled 
the eastern sky nearly to the zenith, when they were. succeeded by a broad zone with the same 
origin as at 2 a. in., passing through Cassiopeia. The color was greenish, with tinges of rose 
(brightness 2 to 3), and they shifted and waved slowly. At 3 a. m. the main body of the aurora was 
in essentially the same position but had paled to 1, was somewhat more diffused, with a convoluted 



404 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 

mass of curtains in tlie NW, in Delphinus and Vulpecula. At 3.15 ifc was more broken and still 
paler with some bright patches in the NE. At 4 a. m. the eastern end of the zone stretched from 
Leo in the E. to Canis Minor in the ESE., but the whole converged to Serpens in the NNW. The 
upper band passed through Leo and Gemini and below Cassiopeia, while the remaining four or 
five bauds filled the whole southern and western sky nearly to the horizon. They were all sinu- 
ous (brightness 2 to 3) and the upper band was beginning to develop coronal bands, which vibrated 
rapidly, north of the magnetic meridian S. to N., south of it N. to S. The bands were more broken 
and paler at 4.15 and a large corona was rapidly developing. At 6 a. m. five bands covered nearly 
the whole sky, some made up of streamers in rapid motion, others motionless (brightness 1 to 2)1 
At 7 there were three bands, yellowish, and brightness 2 to 3, one from Cancer through Ursa Major 
and Draco to Cygnus, one from Gemini to Cygnus across the zenith, and the third from Canis 
Minor to Andromeda through Perseus. At 8 a. m. there was a faint arch from the S. to SW. from 
Leo to Orion and a few patches in the E. (brightness to 1). At 9.15 there was a white and quiet 
semi-corona in the S. from E. to W., and from 10° above the horizon to the zenith (brightness 1 to 
2). At 10.15 there was very little change in the character of the aurora except that it had ap- 
proached nearer the zenith on the southern side, and a broad band with streamers extended along 
the southern horizon from E. to W. There were also a few streamers on the northern side forming 
a nearly complete corona. At 11.15 the band along the horizon had disappeared and the main body 
of the aurora shifted north of the zenith, and grown paler (1). There was slight motion. At 12.15 pi 
m. there was a white, quiet arch on the southern horizon from the SSE. to the W. with but 10° alti- 
tude, a band from the SE. through Bootes, Canes Venatici, near Ursa Major, through Auriga to 
Taurus, and streamers in the SE. and W. The whole was white and quiescent (brightness to 1)1 
At 1 p. m. the band on the southern horizon was unchanged and there was a complete corona;. 
At 2 p. m. there were faint traces in Cassiopeia and Auriga, but at about 2.30, although the sky 
was quite bright, streaks fully 1 in brightness flashed up in the NW. and crossed the zenith to the 
SE. while streaks and streamers forming almost a corona in very rapid motion, both circling and 
vibrating appeared and disappeared round the zenith with great rapidity. A magnetic disturb- 
ance of considerable violence commenced about 10 p. m. December 15, and lasted till 5 p. m. De- 
cember 10. 

December 17, 1882, 3.15 a. m. to 11.15 a. m. — A faint streak or two was noticeable in the S. and 
SE. at 12.15 and 2 a. in., but there was no definite aurora till 3.15, when there was a pale band of 
streamers (brightness to 1) in the E. from Begulus to Procyon and a still paler band from Pro- 
cyon in the ESE. to Hercules in the MW. passing through Ursa Minor close to the zenith. At 4 
a. m. there was a partial corona (brightness 1) centering near the zenith extending in azimuth 
from Auriga in ESE. to Cygnus in MW. with its streamers longest, about 50 degrees long, in the 
constellation Ursa Major. There was also a fan-shaped bunch of secondary streamers in Leo in 
the E. It had faded at 4.15, except the lower streamers in the E. and NE. At 5 there were merely 
traces in the SW. and S. and no more was seen till 8 a. in., when there were two faint bands from 
Andromeda to Orion, and the other from Taurusthrough Orion to Hydra (brightness to 1). From 
9.15 to 11.15 there were merely faint traces of aurora through the clouds which obscured the hor- 
izon. The magnetic needles were comparatively quiet all night. 

December 17 and IS, 1882, 11.15 p. m. to 7 a. m. — At 11.15 p. m. there was a faint arch without 
streamers, motionless, in the NE., passing through Gemin'i, Lynx, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, and 
Coma Berenices. Between 11 and 12 pale shifting streamers developed above this arch, but were 
gone at 12.15, when there was a waving baud of pale, hazy light passed through Orion, Gemini, 
Auriga, Lynx, Ursa Major, and Canes Venatici, and also streamers in Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, 
Ursa Minor, Draco, and Cepheus (brightness to 1). No more aurora was seen except faint traces 
at 2 and 7 a. m. The magnetic needles were undisturbed all night. 

December 18 and 19, 1S82, 10.15 p. in. to 2.12^. m.—At 10.15 there was a baud of waving white 
light from SE. to NW. nearly overhead through the constellations Corona Borealis, Hercules, 
Draco, Cygnus, Andromeda, Cepheus, Triangulum, and Pisces (brightness 1 to 2). At 11 p. m. 
there was only a faint patch of light in the south in Pegasus, Vulpecula, and Delphinus. At 12 
there was simply a narrow arch in the south with its extremities bearing SE. and SW. and its 
crown at an altitude of about 25 degrees (brightness to 1), but at 12.30 it had developed iuto a 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 405 

"brilliant display, beginning as four or five bands of streamers across the western sky, from Orion 
ill the ESE. to Hercules in the NNW., the highest through Cassiopeia and the lowest close to the 
horizon (brightness 3 to 4). The streamers were in rapid motion, vibrating in alternate bauds 
from N. to S. and vice versa, with the rapidity of lightning, while the changes in color and bright- 
ness were almost instantaneous. The colors were green, yellow, and rose 'one of the party says 
he saw blue), the latter especially bright and approaching a peach-bloom color. The motion was 
mostly confined to the middle of the bands and most violent near the zenith, where smaller bands 
and coronal streamers were shooting and twisting. It soon spread east of the zenith, developing 
from the NW. in one specially brilliant band of streamers in rapid vibration through Ursa Major 
and Gemini. Other bands developed across the NE. sky, while the western aurora faded, and 
globes of red light shot up from the NW. at 12.50-55. At 1 the bands in the east were twisted 
and curled into spirals and fading at 2 in brightness and the two bands through Ursa Major and 
Cassiopeia still remained motionless, and brightness 1 to 2. At 1 all had faded to brightness 1 
and become hazy and the colors were very faint. Polar bands of cirro-stratus clouds were dis- 
tinctly seen across part of the aurora when the display was at its height. There was a magnetic 
disturbance with high easterly declination and rather low horizontal force. At 2 a. m. there was 
nothing left but three or four bands starting in the clouds iu the ESE.. two of them reaching Her- 
cules in the NW., one through Canis Minor, Gemini, Lynx, and the upper part of Ursa Major, 
and the other through Orion, Taurus, Perseus, Andromeda, Lacerta. Cygnus, and Lyra, and a 
slightly brighter band in the W. from Aquila to Pegasus (brightness 1). All were slightly brighter 
(1 to 2) and somewhat broken at the NW. end. The needles were very near their normal position. 
At 3 a. m. the sky was nearly covered with polar bands and between them were traces of the 
auroral bands as before, brightest (nearly 2) in the NW. and NE. The declination w r as reading- 
very low. At 4 a. m. the bands overhead were very pale, with a bright patch in the NE. and a 
similar one in the NNW. At 4.15 the needles were nearly back to their normal position and re- 
mained undisturbed the rest of the night. There were traces seen at 5 a. m. and again at 10.10 a. 
m. ? but at 2.12 p. m. four narrow streamers (brightness to 1) ran up from the NNW. horizon and 
met in Auriga vibrating very rapidly between Gemini and Taurus. This was the last seen. 

December 19 and 20, 1882, 11.15 p. m. to 3 j). m. — At 11.15 p. m. there was a faint arch (brightness 
to 1) in the NE. through Orion, Gemini, Leo Minor, Canes Yenatici, and Coma Berenices; this 
latter growing gradually paler till nearly 12 midnight, but had faded at that observation. At 1.15 
there was a yellowish, quiet, and regular arch (brightness 1), quite narrow, from Canis Minor in the 
ESE. through Cancer, Leo Minor, Lynx, and Canes Yenatici, ending in Bootes iu the NNW. At 
2 a. m. there were rounded, hazy patches in Canes Yenatici, and a " zone" of three or four bands 
from a point in the upper part of Serpens, in the NW., through Cygnus, Lyra, Cepheus, and Cassi- 
opeia, and then dwindling to a single band through Perseus and Taurus, fading in Orion. The 
whole had faded to traces at 2.15. At 3 a. m. there was a bright sinuous yellow band in the NW. 
(brightness 2 to 3) from Serpens close to /? Cygni and through Pegasus, fading under the moon. At 
3.15 these had risen and developed into a very extensive zone (brightness 2), with its starting points 
in Orion in the SE. and Serpens in the NW., stretching in breadth from Pegasus to Leo. The 
streaks were yellow and very sinuous, some spiral in Cygnus, with a rather slow writhing motion 
at the zenith. There was a sudden and violent magnetic disturbance, the horizontal force falling 
too low to read and the eastern declination increasing over 1°. From 4 to 4.15 there was a sinuous, 
broken arched baud, rather narrow and yellowish (brightness 1 to 2), from Leo in the E., through 
Coma Berenices and Bootes, to Hercules in the NNW., and at 4.15 also a pale streamer up into 
Lyra. The magnets had become quiet. At 5 a. m. there was a faint, motionless band (brightness 
to 1) above the southern horizon, and at G merely traces in the SW. At 8 a. m. there were traces 
of a very faint corona, resembling luminous clouds, and the needles were very much disturbed, the 
E. declination increasing 5°. At 9.10 there were only faint traces of aurora, but the disturbance 
continued. There were also traces at 10.10 a. in., after which no more was seen till 1 p. in., when 
there were two quiet bands (brightness to 1), one from Cassiopeia through Cygnus and Lyra to Her- 
cules, and the other from' Gemini through Leo Minor and Canes Yenatici to Corona Borealis, and 
a corona in Ursa Minor (brightness to 1), moving sluggishly. At 2.15 p. m. there still remained 
traces of the corona iu rapid motion, and also traces of the northern band, and at 3 p. m. there 



406 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 

were still traces in the NW. This last aorora was accompanied with a violent magnetic disturb- 
ance. 

December 21, 1882, 1 a. in. to 3 p. in. — At 1 a. m. there was a curved yellow baud in the NW. 
(brightness 2) from just below « Aquiloe towards Pegasus, but more or less obscured by the bank of 
clouds that lay on the western horizon, and still more obscured at 1.15. At 2.15 a. m. an arched 
band, somewhat sinuous (brightness 2), from Hercules in the NNW. through Corona Borealis, Canes 
Venatici, Leo, and Leo Minor, ending in the haze. It was gradually breaking into streamers. It 
had risen at 2.15 about 5° higher, with considerable flickering vibration in the streamers, showing 
pale colors, green, yellow, and red, not rose (brightness 2 to 3) ; and there was also a zone (brightness 
1 to 2), with its starting points in the SE. and NW., hidden by hazy clouds, and crossing the zenith 
W. of Polaris and drifting slowly westward. At 3 a.m. there was a rather pale band coming from the 
clouds near Cancer in the ESE. across the zenith from Ursa Major to Cassiopeia and ending in the 
clouds in the NNW. At 3.15 it was partly faded, and finally obscured by clouds. At 4 a. m. there 
were only traces in the N. through the clouds which now covered the sky. At 5 a. m. bands with 
streamers vibrating from W. to E. and back, yellowish in color, and brightness 1 to 2, ran from 
Orion through Taurus and Aries to Pegasus. At G a. m. a quiet baud (brightness 1) extended from 
Pegasus through Cygnus, Draco, and Ursa Major to Leo, while at S traces only were visible through 
the haze. At 9.10, 10.10, and 12.10 faint traces were seen. At 1 p. m. the aurora was extensive 
in bands and streamers (brightness to 1), paling and vanishing quickly. The bands extended from 
Gemini and Auriga to Ursa Major, and from Hercules through Corona Borealis and Canes Vena- 
tici to Leo Minor; the streamers through Cygnus and Lyra and from Ursa Major to Ursa Minor, 
forming half a corona. There were also streamers up from Bootes. At 2.12 p. m. there was a 
sinuous band (brightness to 1) in rapid motion, starting near Taurus and running through Perseus 
and Cassiopeia to Cepheus. At 3 p. m. there were faint traces of a band and a few streamers in the 
N. and NNW. The needles were more or less disturbed during the whole twenty-four hours, the 
disturbance being at its highest at 2 and 3 a. m. 

December 21 and 22, 1SS2, 11 p. in. to 11 a. in. — At 11 p. m. there was a faint streak through 
Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo Minor, and Gemini. At 12.15 a. m. there was a faint regular arch 
through Oriou, Gemini, Leo Minor, Coma Berenices, and Bootes. At 1 to 1.15 a. in. the arch was 
still narrow and greenish (brightness 1), from the ESE. to NNW. through Cauis Minor, Cancer, 
Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, and Bootes to Serpens. At 2 a. m. there was a very pale and some- 
what sinuous baud (brightness to 1) from Monoceros in the SE. through Orion, Taurus, Perseus, 
Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Cygnus to Hercules in the NW. This had drifted W. to Andromeda at 
2.15, and a short band had developed in the SE. from Canis Minor to Leo (brightness 1 to 2). This 
band was rather broad, and flared into short hazy streamers on the upper edge. At 3 a. m. there 
was a broad zone of the usual type across the zenith from Monoceros in the ESE. to the NW., 
where its base occupied 20° in azimuth in Hercules. The eastern boundary passed through *Leo 
and Ursa Major, while the main zone spread west to Cassiopeia, and the northwestern bands 
reached Andromeda and Pegasus. At 3.15 it was brighter (brightness 1 to 2) and had spread 
about 10° each way, showing faint tinges of color in the E. and broken into cloudlike masses in 
the SW. At 4 a. m. only the extreme western part of the eastern band remained, and the whole 
had faded to traces at 4.15. At 5 pale traces of bands crossed the zenith from N. to S. At G a. in. 
a yellowish, quiet baud (brightness to 1) ran from Pegasus through Perseus, Auriga, and Gemini to 
Cancer. At 7 a. m. there were quiet bands (brightness to 1) from Orion through Taurus, Auriga, 
Lynx, and Ursa Major to Leo and Coma Berenices. Paint traces were seen over the southern 
horizon at 8 a. m., and the last faint traces were noticed at 11 a. m. The needles were quiet up to 
3 a. in., when they were considerably disturbed, the horizontal force being most effected. This dis- 
turbance lasted three hours, and there was another slight disturbance at 5 and G a. m. 

December 22 and 23, 1882, 11.55 p. m. to2 p. m. — At 11.55 p. m. there was a pale, regular arch in 
the NE. from NNW. to ESE., the altitude of the crown beiug about 25°. This had wholly disap- 
peared at 12 midnight. Nothing more was observed till 2 a. m., when there was a broad, hazy 
band across the zenith from Monoceros, in the. ESE., to Hercules in the NW., through Gemini, 
Auriga, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Lyra. This had drifted west and faded 
to a trace at 2.15, and. in the NE. there had developed three or four sinuous and somewhat convo- 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARllOW, ALASKA. 407 

luted bauds (brightness 1 to 2), and yellow, from Hercules to Leo iu the E., the brightest through 
Ursa Major and the lowest close to the horizon. There was a slight magnetic disturbance. At 3 
a.m. a. somewhat sinuous arched band (brightness 1 to 2) extended from a point in Hercules in 
MW., through Lyra, Draco, Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Leo, ending in 
the clouds in the E. At 3.15 it was slightly higher and was developing into a zone of several 
bands. At 4 a. m. there was a regular narrow arch (brightness 1) from a Lyrce to a Leonis, the 
crown passing close to >/ Ursse Miuoris, and a broad, hazy band (brightness 1) in theNW., through 
Oygnus, Cepheus, Draco, and Ursa Minor, ending in Camelopardalis. The whole had faded to 
traces at 4.15. 5 a. in. showed only faint traces in the NE., and traces were also observed at 10.10 
and 12.10 p. m. At 1.12 p. m. there was a quiet yellowish and white band from Gemini through 
Ursa Minor and Cygnus, and a few streamers through Lacerta (brightness to 1). The last faint 
traces were seen at 2 p. m. in Cassiopeia and Lacerta. Besides the disturbance already mentioned 
there was slight disturbance at 8, 9, and 11 a. m. 

December 24, 1882, 1.15 a. m. to 10.10 a. on. — At 1.15 there was a hazy band (brightness to 1) 
from Hercules through Corona Borealis, Bootes, Ursa Major, Lynx, and Gemini, quickly fading and 
appearing again. It was invisible at 2, but well developed at 2.15, and passing through the same 
corstellations in the N., but a little higher, and through Cancer instead of Gemini to Canis Minor. 
At 3 there was a hazy band (brightness to 1) up through Cygnus in the NW., Cepheus, Cassiopeia, 
and Perseus, ending in Auriga, and a trace in Monoceros in the ESE. At 3.15 the whole was very 
faint and the main band had risen a degree or two. At 4 there was a broad, rather hazy belt in 
the NE. (brightness 1) from Bootes to Leo, and a quiet, regular arch in the SW. from the lower 
part of Pegasus to Orion's Belt. This arch still remained at 4.15, but the eastern belt had faded 
to a trace. Across the zenith, from Cygnus to Auriga, was a broad, convoluted band, with consid- 
erable writhing and twisting motion. There was a slight magnetic disturbance. At 5 a. m. there 
were faint, motionless bands, yellowish green (brightness 1), from Orion, through Canis Minor, to 
Leo, and from Leo to Ursa Major and to Draco, and from Draco, through Cygnus, Lacerta, and 
Andromeda, to Pisces. Traces were seen at 8 and again at 10.10 a. m. In adclitiou to the disturb- 
ance already mentioned there was quite a considerable one from 8 to 11 a. m. 

December 25, 1S82, 2 a. m. to 2.15 a. in. — Clouds covered the sky during the greater part of tho 
night, but at 2 a. m. they ^ere sufficiently thin and broken in the N. and NW. to show pale streaks 
in the NW. streaming up towards the zenith. These streaks were near a- Lyrce, which was the only 
star visible in that part of the heavens. At 2.15 there was a sinuous streak (brightness 1 to 2) 
visible through the clouds from near the horizon in the NW. to a point about 10° west of the zenith, 
where it ended in the clouds. No more aurora was seen. There was a slight magnetic disturb- 
ance at 4 a. m. and again at 7 a. m. 

December 26 and 27, 18S2, 10.15 p. m. to 9.10 a. in. — There was a bunch of scarcely discernible 
streamers in the NE. at 10.15, and at 11.15 a faint patch in Gemini. At 12.15 a. m. there was merely 
a faint flush in the NE. At 1 a. m. there was only a portion of a pale (0 to 1) arch lying low in 
the NE. iu Coma Berenices and Leo, and at 1.15 there were also two or three shifting streamers of 
the same brightness in Bootes and Corona Borealis. At 2 there was a sinuous band (brightness 1) 
in the NE. from Cancer through Leo, Canes Venatici, Bootes, and Corona Borealis, ending in Her- 
cules in the NNW. At 2.15 it was brighter (1 to 2), and a second band had developed above it 
through Cancer, Leo, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, close to 7/ Bootis, Corona Borealis, 
ami Hercules. Streamers in Hercules stretched from the lower band through the upper. The 
upper band was observed to break gradually into short streamers, with considerable flickering from 
the N. to S. There was also a hazy patch (brightness to 1) in Orion and Taurus, SSE. At 3 a. 
m. a broad zone of the common type crossed from Canis Minor in the SE. to Cygnus below ft Cygni 
in the NW. The western edge, which was the brightest, ran through the head of Orion, Aries, 
Taurus, Triangulum, and Andromeda, the top of Pegasus and Vulpecula, and the eastern, which 
was very pale west of the zenith, through Gemini (inclosing 6 Geminorum), Auriga, Camelopard- 
alis, Ursa Minor, and Cepheus. At 3.15 it had condensed into a single rather broad band iu tho 
position of the western edge of the zone (brightness 2 to 3), tinged on the upper edge with green 
and with rose on the lower. This band was unchanged in position at 4, but was a little paler, and 
the constellation had set through it a little. It had regained its former brightness at 4.15 and had 



408 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

risen to tlic position of the middle of the former zone, while incipient sinuous and convoluted bands 
■were developing in the E. from Hydra through Leo and Coma Berenices. At 5 there were two 
faint, quiet bands (brightness 1), one through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, Gemini, and Cancer, and 
the other through Leo Minor, Ursa Major, and Draco. At G there was a quiet band (brightness 
to 1) from Canis Minor through Orion, Taurus, and Aries-. At 7 there were traces of a faint band 
from the W. to SW., and at S faint traces in the SW. The last traces were seen at 9.10 a.m. The 
magnetic needles were practically undisturbed all night. 

December 27 and 28, 10.15 p. m. to 9.10 p. m.—At 10.15 p. m. there was an arch in the NE. with its 
curve at a Geminorum, altitude about 30°, and extremities being NNW. to SE., passing through 
Taurus, Gemini, Lynx, Leo Minor, and Coma Berenices. It was narrow, except in Coma Bere- 
nices, where it was broken into 5 streamers. At 11.15 there was a band like a half arch, passing 
through Gemini, Leo Minor, Coma Berenices, and Bootes (brightness 1), and a faint streak from 
Cyguus to Cassiopeia. At 12.15 a. m. there was an arch in theNE. through Orion, Gemini, Lynx, 
Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, and Bootes, very broad in Ursa Major, with streamers in Bootes 
(brightness 1). This had risen at 1 a. m. into a broad zone (brightness 1), with its bands very 
sinuous and broken and in motion across the zenith from the MW. to the ESE., the extrem- 
ities rising from the haze. The western edge ran through Orion, Taurus, Andromeda, Pega- 
sus, and Cygnus, and the eastern through Gemini and Ursa Major. At 1.15 it was quieter 
and narrower, being confined to the part west of the zenith. The aurora was still in the 
form of a zone at 2 a. m., with its starting points in Monoceros ESE. and Hercules NNW. 
It consisted of three main bands. The western and brightest (brightness 1 to 2) band was 
in rapid waving motion, and ran through Orion, Taurus (not inclosing the Hyades or Pleiades), 
Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, close to 6 Cygni and Lyra, the eastern barely reaching Gemini and 
Ursa Major. At 2.15 it was quieter and spread about 15° each way. At 3 the zone still continued 
(brightness 1 to 2), with its starting points in Monoceros ESE. and Aquila NEW., stretching west 
to the square of Pegasus and east to Canes Venatici, with additional bands in the NE. through 
Leo, Coma Berenices, and Bootes. It was quiet and brightest in Cygnus. At 3.15 it was in the 
same position but paler (brightness to 1) ; 4 a. m. showed only traces of the extreme east and 
west bands, but at 4.15 the eastern traces had developed into convoluted bands (brightness 1) 
through Leo, Coma Berenices, Bootes, and Corona Borealis. At 5 there were only traces over the 
horizon from NW. to SE. At G there were two motionless bands (brightness 1), one through Pe- 
gasus, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, and Lynx, and a short band from Ursa Major to Bootes. 
At 7 a.m. there was a band (brightness to 1) from Pisces through Aries, the Pleiades, and Orion 
through Canis Minor. At 8, 9, 10, and 10.10 a. m. there were still faint traces. The horizontal 
force read high during the early part of the evening, and was somewhat agitated at 2 and 3 a. m., 
while at G and 7 there was a lively disturbance, the force falling too low to be read. The other 
elements were slightly or not at all affected. 

December 28 and 29, 1SS2, 11.10 p.m. to 2.12 p.m. — Though the sky was completely covered with 
clouds at 1 1 .10 p. in., bands of aurora, which must have been very bright, appeared across the zenith 
from NW. to SE. in rapid sinuous motion. At 2 a. m. the sky was partially clear, and broad diverg- 
ing bands (brightness 1), radiating from Cygnus in NW., stretched across zenith towards the SE. 
At 2.15 a bank of clouds about 15° high lay along the western horizon, and above this nearly to the 
zenith the sky was covered with almost parallel broad bands from the NW. to the SW. The lowest 
resting on the banks of clouds was the brightest (brightness 2 in NW.), and tie highest brightness 
(1) ran through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, and Leo, ending in the clouds. At 3 portions of bright bands 
could be seeu through the clouds in the NW. and SE. at an altitude of aboiT'o 40° At 3.15 a broad 
bright band could be seen across the zenith from NW to SE. through the hazy clouds. At 4 there 
weie broad hazy bands across the zenith from NW. to SE., apparently in motion, but much ob- 
scured by haze, and also a brighter band lower in the W. All was obscured by haze at 4.15 except 
traces of the last band. No more was seen till 7, when the clouds partially cleared again, and a 
broad band (brightness to 1), and motionless, through Lyra, Corona Borealis, Bootes, and Coma 
Berenices, was visible. At 8 the sky was wholly clear, and two or three bands (brightness 1 to 2), 
with streamers, some of them reaching the zenith and all vibrating vapidly from W. to E. Their 
color was yellowish, and they occupied Taurus, Orion, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Gemini, Lynx, Leo, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 409 

and Hydra. There were a few traces in the NW. and E. at 9.15. The 10.15 observation showed 
a luminous patch (brightness to 1) in Taurus in the NW, horizon, and extending through Auriga, 
and another similar patch in Cygnus. At 11.10 a narrow white band (brightness 1) extended 
from the SE. to the "VV., with its crown at an altitude of about 20°, its western end being somewhat 
broader. A white, quiet band also extended from the horizon SW. to Polaiis. At 12.17 p. m. 
there was au aurora reaching the horizon in the NE. and W. (brightness 1), white and quiet. At 
1 p. m. there was a zone of the usual type, with its starting points ElfW. and SSE., starting from 
Lacerta and reaching to Leo Minor. This was reduced to traces at 1.12, and faint traces were still 
discernible at 2.15. A magnetic disturbance began at about 2 a. m. and reached its maximum at 
8 a. m., the horizontal force falling too low to be read, and the eastern declination increasing over 
a degree. The disturbance was large again at 1 p. m. 

December 19 and 30, 1882, 10.15 p.m. to 3 p. m. — At 10.15 p. m. there was a low arch (brightness 
1), with its extremities bearing E. by S. and N. by W., passing through Orion, Gemini, Lynx, and 
Leo Minor, and faint recurved streamers in Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici. At 11.15 the 
arch was irregular and waving (brightness 2), and passed through Orion, Gemini, Leo Minor, Lynx, 
Coma Berenices, and Bootes. At 12.12 a. m. there was an irregular and waving arch, very low in 
theNE.,through Cauis Minor, Leo, Coma Berenices, and Bootes, with a few faint streamers in Bootes 
(brightness 1). The arch had risen at 1 into a broad zone, with its starting points in Hercules in 
the NN W. and Monoceros in the ESE. The western band (brightness 1 ) crossed through Cassiopeia, 
but faded before reaching Monoceros. The next band only reached Ursa Major, while the eastern, 
which was the brightest (brightness 2) and yellowish in color, passed through Corona Borealis, 
Bootes, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, and Cancer, and there were also below this two or three paler 
partial bands. At 1.15 the whole had faded to traces except the band in the E., which now ran 
through Leo. At 2 a.m. there was an arched band in the same place (brightness 1) and a streamer 
from the MW., and reaching into Lyra. This streamer was gone at 2.15, the band was paler, 
and there was a streamer in the ESE. From 2 to 3.15 there was a broad zone (brightness to 1) 
of hazy bauds, broad and somewhat shifting. The starting points were in Hercules in the NNW., 
an<J a line in Monoceros and Hydra from the SE. to the ESE., and the sky was covered by the 
zone between Leo in the NE. and the lower part of Pegasus in the SW., except between the zenith 
and Ursa Major. At 4 the zone had nearly all faded except the eastern band and another 
about 20° broad through Cassiopeia. This had shifted westward into Perseus and Andromeda at 
4.15, and was fading rapidly. At G there was a motionless band (brightness 2) in the SW. through 
Cards Minor, Cancer, Gemini, Orion, Taurus, and Pisces. At a. in. an extensive zone (brightness 
1 to 2) covered the sky. The starting points were in Pegasus WNW. and Leo ESE., the edges 
running through Aries, Gemini, Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Lynx, Cygnus, and La- 
certa. There was a slow waving motion, 'and some of the bands were broken into streamers. At 
7 there was a faint band (brightness to 1) through Delphinus, Hercules, and Bootes. At 8 a band 
(brightness 2 to 3) with streamers in rapid motion, colors changing from yellow to green and red, 
ran through Triangulum, Aries, Taurus, Perseus, Auriga, Gemini, and Leo. At 9.10 there was a 
bright patch in the E. and NE. at an altitude of about 20°, with long faint streamers extending 
to Polaris. It was white and quiet (brightness 2). At 10 there were a few faint traces, but no 
more was seen till 1 p. m., when the aurora revived as a sigmoid band (brightness to 1) extend- 
ing from Leo Minor in the SW. to Bootes in the S. A twisted band ran through Ursa Major from 
Gemini to Hercules, while a crown of the same brightness, fading very rapidly, was found in Ursa 
Minor. At 2 there was a broad band (brightness to 1) in the NE., through Cygnus, Perseus, 
Lacerta, aud Auriga, and faint traces of coronal streamers and of streamers in the SW. The last 
faint traces were still visible in the NE. at 3 p. m. The horizontal force instrument was agitated 
between 2 and 4 a. in., and there was considerable disturbance, chiefly affect-ing the horizontal 
force, from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. 

December 30 and 31, 1882, 10.15 p. m. to 2 p. m. — The aurora began at 10.15, with a flush in the 
NE., continuing but little changed at 11.15. At 12.15 a. m. it had developed into a definite though 
pale band, through Gemini, Leo Minor, and Canes Venatici. Prom 1 to 1.15 the eastern horaon was 
much obscured by haze, and there was a regular but rather narrow arch in the NE., with its 
crown apparently in Coma Berenices, at an altitude of about 25°, with its extremities about N. 
II. Ex. 44 52 



410 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

and ESE. At 2 the horizon was still obscured and the arch was higher aud brighter (brightness 
1 to 2) with its extremities ESE. (observed to be near Eegulus) and NNW. There was also a 
broad forked hazy band (brightness to 1) from the NNW. end up through Lyra and Cepheus. 
The arch only remained at 2.15. At 3 the arch was somewhat irregular (brightness 1) from the 
ESE. to the MW., passing through Leo. Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Draco, and Lyra to Aquila. 
At 3.15 it .was brighter (brightness 1 to 2) and an additional band (brightness to 1) through Ursa 
Minor connected it into a zone. At 4 a. m. there was a broad hazy zone (brightness to 1), 
with its starting points in Hydra ESE. and Aquila MW., passing through Cancer, Gemini, 
Auriga, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Pegasus, and Lacerta, and a band (brightness 1 to 2) in 
the NE. from starting points through Leo, Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Hercules, and 
Serpens. This band was in the same place, but the zone was farther E. and narrower and passed 
through Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. At 5 a. m. a quiet yellowish band (brightness 1) passed from 
Pisces through Taurus, Orion , and Monoceros. At 6 there Avas a band (brightness 1 ) waving slightly 
from W. to E. through Aries, Taurus, Gemini, and Canis Minor. There were faint traces at 7 and 8, 
also at 10.10 and 12.10. There was a definite aurora at 1 again ; a narrow band (brightness to 1) 
passing between Gemini and Auriga, through Ursa Minor to Cygnus in the ESE. Faint traces 
were still visible in the NW. and in Cassiopeia at 2 p. m. There was a disturbance, not very 
great, with decrease of horizontal force and increase of the other elements at 7 to 8 a. m., and 
again much less violent at 1 to 2 p. m. 

December 13, 1882, January 1, 18S3, 10.15 p. m. to 12.17 p. m. — At 10.15 there were faint bands 
surmounted by very faint streamers in the NE., passing through Gemini, Lynx, and Leo Minor. 
This. had faded at 11.15 to a more hazy streak just above the NE. horizon, with its extremities 
bearing N. by W. and E. This disappeared again before the next observation ; was beginning 
to develop again atl a. m. Af 2 there were three faint, ill-defined arches (brightness to 1) in tho 
NE., from Hercules to Leo, through Corona Borealis, Bootes, and Coma Berenices, with a faint 
streamer running up into Draco at the NNW. end. There were three or four additional streamers 
in the same place at 2.15. At 3 the arches had risen and become a broad hazy zone (brightness 
to 1), brightest on the edges, with its starting points in Hydra ESE., and Aquila NNW. The 
highest point of the eastern edge passed through the top of Canes Yenatici and of the western 
through the lowest part of Andromeda. This zone lasted two hours, with its starting points 
having the same bearing, of course changing its relations to the constellations as they moved 
through it, and its band varying slowly in brightness (from to 1 to 1 to 2) and position. At 5 
there were two bands (brightness 1 to 2), one short with streamers on the western end, and a long 
one below it with streamers in the E., vibrating slowly from W. to E., running through Pegasus, 
Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Corona Borealis, Bootes, and Coma Berenices. At a quiet band 
(brightness to 1) ran from Pegasus to Hercules and Bootes. A similar but brighter (brightness 
1) band at 7 a. m. passed through Canis Minor, Orion, Taurus, Aries, and Pisces. At 8 a. in. a 
comparatively narrow zone (brightness 1 to 2) crossed the zenith from Pegasus to Leo Minor, through 
Cassiopeia, Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor. There were besides two bands S. of the zenith from 
Leo to Andromeda through Cancer, Gemini, Auriga, and Perseus, w 7 ith several patches of streamers 
between the bands vibrating rapidly, and a few beams of light from Ursa Major towards the S. 
(brightness 1 to 2). At 9.17 there was a broad band (brightness 1 to 2) from the SE. to NW., with a 
smaller band meeting it at its SE., and in Canis Minor in the W., about 5° apart in the middle, 
with white and quiet streamers above and from the smaller band extending towards the zenith. 
Traces of aurora continued visible till 12.17 p. m. The magnetic needles were remarkably quiet 
up to 4 a. m., when there was a slight disturbance, lasting over two observations — a decrease of all 
three elements. They again became quiet at 8 a. m., the horizontal force suddenly fell too low to 
read, and gradually recovering itself during the next two observations, while the other elements 
were almost undisturbed, both' rising slightly. 

January 1 and 2, 1SS3, 10 p. m. to 7 a. in. — At 10 p. w. there was a patch of aurora in the NE. in 
Cancer and Leo Minor, forming an irregular arch, with ill-defined streamers. This had wholly 
disappeared in ten minutes. At 11.15 there was an example of a new form of aurora, two arches 
arranged longitudinally, one narrow and rather irregular from Bootes through Coma Berenices, 
Leo, and Cancer to Canis Minor, reaching an altitude of about 15° in the NE.. and the second 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 411 

paler and lower from Canis Minor to Orion's belt. At 1 a. m., there was a very faint arch 
(brightness to 1) in the NE., with an altitude of about 10°, through Leo, Coma Berenices, and 
Bootes. Beneath was a well-defined dark segment. No more was seen till 4.17 a. in., when there 
was a band (brightness to 1) from N. to E. through Coma Berenices and Corona Borealis. At 
5.17 a yellowish-green band (brightness 1) ran from Cyguus through Lyra, Hercules, and Bootes. 
Paint traces were observed at 7 a.m., while clouds prevented observation during the rest of the 
night. The magnetic needles were comparatively undisturbed up to about 7 a. m., when a consid- 
erable disturbance began, which was still going on after daylight. 

January 3, 1883, 3 a. m. to 11.15 a. in. — A bank of clouds lay along the horizon all the early 
part of the morning, and above them there seemed to be considerable glow, though no definite 
aurora was seen till 3 p. m. (8.43 p. m. local time, January 2), when there was a broad hazy band 
(brightness 1) somewhat sinuous near the horizon, stretching across the zenith from a point in 
Hydra in the ESE. to AquilaNNW. through Cancer, Lynx, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Draco, and Cygnus. 
This band was about three times as broad at 3.15, embracing also part of Gemini, all of Auriga, 
part of Perseus, all of Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, and Cepheus, and part of Draco, Lacerta, and 
Sagitta. At 4 a. m. it had shifted west of Cassiopea, and was much broken, but a band rapidly 
developed through Cassiopeia from the SE., waving gently. At 4.15 the whole sky was covered 
with broad bands winding in large sinuous curves, one especially from Lyra in the N. up to Cassi- 
opeia, then to Aries and the Pleiades and to Auriga. There was a bright, hazy, irrregular patch 
of large extent in the NW.- The brightness of the whole wasl, and all shifted slowly, with gentle 
undulations. The intensity of the magnetic needle had been low for over twelve hours, and the 
horizontal force needle was now agitated. At u it had subsided info two broad, quiet bands, 
starting from Pegasus (brightness 1), one going S. to Orion, and the other N. to Hercules. At G 
there were only traces of a baud from SE. to W., at an altitude of about 45°. At 7 a broad, 
yellowish-green band waving rapidly from W. to E. (brightness 1 to 2) ran from Pegasus through 
Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and Canes Yenatici. No more 
aurora Avas seen till 11.15 p. m., when there were faint traces in the E. The intensity continued 
low, being consideraly disturbed at 9 a. m. 

January 4, 18S3, 3 a. m. to 8 a. in. — At 3 a. in. (10 p. m. local time) there was a very faint ver- 
tical streamer about 20° long running from near the horizon ESE. This was prolonged at 3.15 
into a narrow band (brightness to 1) from Hydra, through the top of Leo, Leo Minor, and Ursa 
Major, then burning very pale through Draco and fading in Lyra W. of « Lyra?. At 4 traces of 
the band were perceptible a little higher, and at 4.15 the traces crossed the zenith. At 5 a yellow- 
ish quiet band (brightness to 1) ran from Cygnus in the NNW. through Lyra, Hercules, Corona 
Borealis, Bootes, and Coma Berenices. At G a. m. a broad, motionless band (brightness 1) extended 
through Aries, Taurus, Orion, and Canis Minor. After this traces only were noticed in the NE. at 
7 and from the NW. to W. at 8. The magnetic intensity continued low, especially the horizontal 
component, but there was no disturbance. 

January 5, 1883, 12.15 a. m. to 5 a. m. — There was a faint glow in the NE. at 12.15 a. in., which 
had developed at 1.15 into a regular, narrow, quiet arch through the haze in the NE. (brightness 1), 
with its extremities bearing ESE. and NNW. and its crown at an altitude of about 30°. The stars 
in the neighborhood were obscured by a bank of haze. There was also a band of the same bright- 
ness beginning in a bank of haze in the NNW. and running through Lyra, Draco, Ursa Minor, 
Camelopardalis close to ft Aurigce and Gemini, fading in a few minutes. At 2 a. m. there were two 
sets of auroral bands starting from nearly the same place in the haze in the ESE. and NNW., one 
a broad band, hazy and twisted, waving gently through Lyra, Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, and 
the western side of Gemini and Canis Minor, and the other a zone o"f three or four quiet bands in 
the NE., the highest through Ursa Major, and the lowest through Leo. The brightness of the 
whole was 1. At 2.15 the western band was gone, except its NNW. end, and the zone had in- 
creased to six or seven bands. At 3 a. in. a very broad .hazy zone (brightness to 1) covered 
nearly the whole of the sky. The starting points were hidden in the ESE. and NNW., and the 
eastern edge reached the hazy clouds close to the horizon, while the western passed through Cyg- 
nus, Andromeda, Perseus, Taurus, the upper part of Orion, and Monoceros. It was very much 
faded at 3.15, though the eastern edge was growing bright. At 4 only that part of the zone which 



412 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA, 

was NE. of the zenith remained, very pale and hazy, while at 4.15 it was very much broken and 
hazy, and traces of the western band were reappearing. The horizontal force was low and agi- 
tated. The haze and clouds continued increasing, and a few faint traces were seen at 5 a. m. The 
needles were hardly disturbed all night, though the intensity was comparatively low, much higher, 
however, than for the last twenty-four hours. 

January 5 and 6, 18S3, 10.15 p. m. to 2 p. m. — Flashes and streamers, very pale, began to appear 
in the NE. about 4.30 p. m. local time (9.15 Washington time), and at 10.15 had developed into a band 
of short bunches of streamers extending from the N. to E. through Orion, Gemini, Lynx, and Ursa 
Major (brightness 1). This soon disappeared, and no more was seen, the sky being partially ob- 
scured by haze till 2 a. m., when there was a motionless narrow band across the zenith (brightness 
to 1) visible through the haze from the MW. to ESE. near Gemini. This was wholly visible at 
2.15. Several bands showed through the clouds at 3 a. in., one in particular in the KE. (bright- 
ness 2) at an altitude of about 40°. At 3.15 the band had reached an altitude of about 60° and 
the whole sky round the zenith was covered with waving bands. The sky then became completely 
obscured, only clearing partially at 8 a. m., when yellowish bands (brightness to 1), waving 
slowly and partly hidden by clouds, were visible, running from Ursa Major through Auriga, Per- 
seus, and Aries. The sky rapidly cleared at 0.17, and there was a quiet white band (brightness 
to 1) near the southern horizon, running E. and W., sending up streaming patches through Leo 
and Coma Berenices, and at the W. end in and near Canis Minor. The aurora was unchanged at 
10.17 except for additional patches in the N. in Triangulum, Pegasus, and Andromeda. Traces 
only were seen the next two hours. At 1 p. m. there were two bands (brightness to 1) from Bootes 
to Cygnus, through Corona Borealis and Hercules, and a band through Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, 
Cepheus, and Cygnus. The last traces were seen at 2 p. m. close to the zenith and near Cassi- 
opeia. The horizontal force was unusually high about an hour before the aurora began, and a dis- 
turbance commenced at 4 a. m. lasting about twelve hours. It reached its maximum at a. m., 
and had a second period of violence at 2 -p. m., the horizontal force being most affected both times 
and falling low. 

January 7, 18S3, 12.15 a. m. to 11.17 a. in. — The weather was cloudy early in the evening, but the 
clouds began to break away at about 7 p. m. local time (12 midnight Washington); an auroral 
light was visible through the clouds in the NE. At 1 a. m. a zone (brightness 1), and much ob- 
scured by the now breaking clouds, was observed passing about 15° west of the zenith from NW. 
to SE. At 1.15 the zone was more broken into separate bands, and the middle band, which was 
brightest, was observed to pass through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Orion. The sky was 
rapidly clearing at 2, but the aurora was still much obscured. It appeared to be the same general 
form, but much broader and brighter, one bright streak in particular (brightness 2 to 3) across the 
zenith. At 2.15 the zone had sunk towards the NE., still hidden in the bank of clouds, with an 
altitude of about 00°. There was also a bright patch showing through the clouds in the MAV. 
close to the horizon* The sky was clear at 3, and starting from Aquila low in the NNW. came a 
broad band across zenith through Cygnus, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and ending in 
Gemini (brightness 1), much twisted near the zenith, and a hazy band through Corona Borealis, 
and ending in a bright patch (1 to 2) in Bootes in the NE. At 3.15 there were four rather broad 
arched bands across the eastern sky, starting from the same place in the NNW. and ending in the 
clouds in the SE. near Leo, the highest through Ursa Minor and the lowest close to the horizon. 
These, however, only lasted a few minutes. At 4 the zone was very broad and consisted of three 
widely separated bands, broad and hazy (brightness to 1); the starting points were close to a Hy- 
dras in the ESE., and a Aquilae in the MW. The western band was narrow, and ran through 
Orion and the lower part of the square of Pegasus ; the middle was broader and ran through Cyg- 
nus, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Cameleopardalis, Gemini, and Cancer ; and the eastern ran through Lyra 
and Ursa Major, going no farther thau Leo. At 4.15 the middle and eastern bands were brighter 
(brightness 1), and the middle band had moved about 5° west. At 5 a. m. the whole sky was cov- 
ered with bands running from Pegasus in the MW. to Leo in the ESE., the SW. edge being in 
Aries, Taurus, Orion, and Canis Minor, and the NW. in Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, 
Lyra, Cygnus, and Lacerta. The SW. half was quiet (brightness 1) with confluent bands, but in 
the NE. half there were several bands of streamers approaching the curtain form and vibrating 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 413 

rapidly from W. to E., slightly tinged with green and rose, and varying in brightness from 1 to 2. 
Only a few traces overhead were left at 0, and for the next three hoars the shy was clouded over, 
though there were traces in the S. at S. It was clear again at 10.17, and au irregular white quiet 
baud was seen running from SE. to FW., through Draco, Ursa Major, aud Caues Venatici. There 
was a broad streamer in Lyra in the E. about 30° long, and a bright patch in the W, in Triangu- 
lum, Aries, Taurus, and Perseus. At 11.17 the SW. half of the sky was covered with white quiet 
bands converging in the E. and W. (brightness to 1), and there were also streamers from Sagitta 
and Oygnus in the NE. to Triangulum in the NW. This was accompanied by a violent disturb- 
ance, the horizontal force being too low to read, and the declination rising over two degrees, with 
large increase of the vertical component of the force. The display at 5 was accompanied by a 
disturbance affecting chiefly the horizontal force. After 11.17 the sky became permanently cloudy. 

January 7 and 8, 1883, 10.15 p. m. to 7 a. m. — At 10.15 there was an arch of fine short streamers 
in the NE. with its extremities bearing NW. by NE. by S., and an altitude of about 30°. This 
faded, and none Avas seen till 12.15 a. m., when there was a zone, with its starting points in Orion 
and Serpens. Of these bands two were close together and parallel, passing nearly overhead, 
and the third through Serpens, Hercules, Oygnus, and Pegasus; theuce to Orion it was broken 
into streamers. In Serpens and Bootes the band had the curtain form (brightness 1). The zone 
form continued at 1 a. m. (brightness 1), with its starting points in Monoceros ESE. and Hercules 
NNW. The main portion (three bands, two narrow and one broad, considerably twisted) ran 
through Lyra, Draco, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, Auriga, Gemini, and Canis Minor, 
and a paler band passed through Oanis Minor, Lynx, and Ursa Major, then fading towards the 
N. This eastern band was brightest at 1.15. At 2 the starting points of the zone were just below 
a Leonis E. by S. and near £ Aquilae NNW. From a Leonis to Monoceros ESE. it was horizontal, 
and the eastern edge then passed through Cancer, Gemini, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor 
(W. of Polaris), Cepheus, Draco, and Oygnus, and the western through Canis Minor, Orion, Taurus, 
Aries, Triangulum, Andromeda, Pegasus, Yulpecula, and Sagitta (brightness 1 to 2). The hori- 
zontal portion was gone at 2.15. At 3 a. m. bands and streamers (brightness 1) approaching the 
curtain form, especially in Leo, filled the NE. sky from Leo ESE. to Hercules NNW. and from near 
the horizon to Ursa Major. This was broken and paler at 3.15 and a pale streamer was shooting 
up from the NNW. ending in Cassiopeia. The sky was half overcast with hazy clouds at 4, and 
at 4.15 traces were visible through the clouds in the N. At 5 there was a pale yellowish band 
(brightness 1) in the SW. from Monoceros and Canis Minor through Orion, Taurus, and Aries 
The sky then became more cloudy and traces only were observed in the S. at G a. in., and in the 
NE. at 7 a. m. The sky then became wholly obscured. The magnetic needles were comparatively 
quiet, being slightly disturbed from 3 to 8 a. m. and again from 12 m. to 2 p. m. 

January S and 9, 1S83, 10 p. m. to 2.12 jp. m. — There was a glow in the NE. at 10 p. m. which at 
10.15 had developed into a faint arch, with its extremities bearing N. and E. and its crown at an 
altitude of about 20°. This was gone at 11, but at 12.15 a. m. there was a patch of hazy light in 
the N. iu Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, and Ursa Major, and a line of faint streamers through 
Corona Borealis, Bootes, Ursa Major, and Lynx. At 1 there was a slightly sinuous arched band 
(brightness 1) in the NE. from Monoceros ESE. through Canis Minor, Cancer, the top of Leo, 
Leo Minor, the lower part of Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Bootes, and Corona Borealis to Hercules 
iu the NNW. The northern end appeared to be breaking into streamers. These had developed 
at 1.15 into a bunch shooting up into Draco, and the band had split into two. At 2 a. m. these 
started from Hercules iu the NNW., three or four diverging bands stretching across the eastern 
sky growing paler towards the SE. ; one through Lyra, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and Lynx; one 
through Corona Borealis, Bootes, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, and Leo, and one or two between this 
and the horizon with traces of a band which was developed at 2.15 through Oygnus, Cepheus, 
Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, and Auriga to Gemini, while the eastern bands were fading. The 
sky then became overcast. Traces of a zone across the zenith were visible through the hazy clouds 
at 3, and similar traces of a band at 4 a. m., which appeared to be moving W. Traces were seen 
again in the NE. at G a. m. The sky was partially clear at S.17, and a quiet band (brightness 1) ran 
from Andromeda through Lacerta, Oygnus, Draco, and Bootes. The sky cleared off permanently 
after this. At 9.17 there was a broad, quiet } white band (brightness 1) along the southern horizon 



414 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 

from E. to MW. and a similar band from SE. horizon through Leo to Oauis Minor. A third, 
narrower baud, ran from E. to W. close to Ursa Major. There were faint streamers in Lyra, 
Cyguus, Laeerta, and Cassiopeia, also S. in Bootes, Coma Berenices, and Leo Minor, faint, white, 
and quiet. There were bright (brightness 2) streamers in the W. and NW. in Taurus, Pleiades, 
Perseus, and Auriga. They were rose-colored and vibrating rapidly. At 10.17 there was a broad 
faint white baud on the southern horizon, and a baud across the zenith SE. to NW., white and 
quiet (brightness to 1). At 11.17 there was a broad, quiet, white arch (brightness to 1) from 
E. to W., through Corona Borealis, Ursa Major, and Gemini. At 12.17 p. m. there were 3 such 
bands, one through Polaris and the lowest at an altitude of about 45°. At 3 p. m. these bauds 
(brightness to 1) started together from Gemini and ran as follows: One, the broadest and 
brightest, through Leo Minor, Bootes, Corona Borealis, and Hercules; one through Ursa Major, 
Draco, and Cyguus, and one through Ursa Minor to Cyguus. These bands were constantly 
shitting, rising towards the zenith and then receding southward. The last traces were seen near 
the zenith at 2.12 p. m. The magnetic needles were quiet up to 9 a. in., when the horizontal force 
began to fall, culminating in a disturbance at 1 p. m., with very low horizontal force, high easterly 
declination, and almost undisturbed vertical intensity. 

January 9 and 10, 11.15 j). m. to I p. m. — At 11.15 there was a hazy light in the NE. which de- 
veloped into a faint pale arch, and faded completely before midnight. At 1 a. m. there was a 
pale glow in the NE. At 2 there was an extraordinary zone parallel to the magnetic meridian 
instead of at right angles to it as usual. It was so pale as to be scarcely perceptible. The start- 
ing points were in Coma Berenices NE., and Pisces SW., extending in breadth from the lower 
part of Draco to a Tauri. At 2.15 theie was an arch in the NE. (brightness 1), across the base of 
the zone, through Leo, Ursa Major, Canes Vcnatici (including) a Bootis, Corona Borealis, and into 
Hercules. The sky then suddenly clouded over and remained cloudy until G, when it cleared, and 
there was a faint band (brightness to 1) from Bootes through Corona Borealis, Lyra, and Cyguus, 
and another from Pegasus and Andromeda to Cassiopeia. At 7 there was a quiet, bright band 
from Leo through Cancer, Gemini, Orion, and Taurus. The sky then became again overcast, and 
continued so until 12.10 when it was clear, and a few faint traces were observed near the zenith. 
At 1 the last faint traces were seen in the S. in Bootes and Canes Venatici. The magnetic needles 
were comparatively quiet all night.- 

January 10 and 11, 10.15 p. m. to 7 a. m. — At 10.15 p. m. there was a faint band of light in the 
NE. nearly parallel to the horizon and about 20° above it. At 11.15 this had developed into a 
low arch (brightness 1) with its extremities bearing MW. and ESE. passing through Canis 
Minor, Cancer, Leo, Coma Berenices, and Bootes, sending up streamers in Bootes. The altitude of 
the crown of the arch was about 15 c . At 12.15 a. m. it was reduced to a few very faint streamers 
iu the NE. At .1 there was a very faint arched segment in the SW. There was a similar trace in 
the west at 2, also in the SE. at 2.15. At 3 there was a pale glow fading insensibly into the sky 
with a well-defined dark segment below it, lying close to the horizon, from E. to SSW. At 3.15 
the whole sky appeared to be covered by the palest possible broad bands, separated by narrow 
dark spaces, parallel to the magnetic meridian and appearing to converge in the NE. and SW. 
There were slight traces at 4. At 5 a pale, yellowish band (brightness to 1) ran through Bootes, 
Corona Borealis, Hercules, and Lyra to Sagitta. At 6 there were mere traces in the N., but at 7 
a broad, quiet band stretched from Pegasus through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, Ursa 
Major, aud Canes Venatici. This was the last seen. The magnetic needles were unusually quiet. 

January 12, 18S3, 1 a. m. to 1 p. m. — At 1 a. in. there was a quiet, regular, and narrow arch 
(brightness 1) from the ESE. in Monoceros to the NNW. in Serpens, through Leo (//Leouis), Leo 
Minor, Ursa Major, just above aCanum Venaticorum, Bootes, and Corona Borealis. At 1.15 it 
was broader and somewhat sinuous. At 2 there was only a partial arch (brightness 1) from the 
ESE. in Hydra, through Leo (<5Leonis) and Coma Berenices ending in Bootes at an altitude of 
about 20°. This was fading at 2.15. At 3 and 4 the western horizon was obscured by haze, and 
traces only were visible. No aurora was seen at 5, but at G a quiet band (brightness 1) stretched 
from Andromeda, through Perseus, Auriga, Gemini, Cancer, and Leo. At 7 a similar band ran 
through Cyguus, Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, and Leo. At 8 there were simply traces in the N. At 
10,10 there were traces in the E. and SE. and asain at 11.10 iu the NE. At 12.10 there was a 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 415 



■white, quiet, arch from E. to. W. through. Corona Borcalis, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Lynx, 
Gemini, and Canis Minor, and streamers in the E. and NE. (brightness to 1). At 1 p. in. there 
was a band in the SW. (brightness to 1) from Bootes through Coma Berenices to Leo Minor. 
This disappeared in a few minutes. There was a slight disturbance at 1 p. m. 

January 13, 1883, 8 a. in. to 12.17 p. to. — There were faint traces of auroral light all round the 
horizon all the early part of the night, but no definite aurora till the 8 a. m. observation (quarter 
of 3 a. m., local time). There was then a quiet, yellowish band (brightness to 1) from Taurus 
through Auriga, Gemini, and Lynx. At 9.17 there was a broad arch, white and quiet (brightness 
to 1) from the ESE. to the W., with its crown at an altitude of about 20°, and a luminous patch 
similar in color and brightness in Corona Borealis. At 10.17 the arch had risen to an altitude of 
35°. and faint luminous patches appeared between the arch and the horizon. At the same 
time there was a semi-corona of long, narrow, quiet streamers (brightness 2) which reached from 
the SE. extremity of the arch to Auriga in the W., and from Andromeda to a point near the 
zenith. This faded in a few minutes, leaving only the arch. At 11.17 a broad, irregular band, 
formed of patches of white, quiet light extended along the southern horizon from ESE. to W. 
There was also a narrow, quiet, white arch (brightness to 1) from the E. to NNW. through Sa- 
gitta, Vulpecula, Lacerta, Andromeda, Triangulum, Aries, aud the Pleiades. From the northern 
end of the arch streamers extended up through Perseus. At 12.17 p. m. there were three pale 
white, striated, parallel bands running from the ESE. to the W., the lower, narrow, through 
Bootes and Coma Berenices; the middle, broad, through Leo Minor and Canes Yenatici to Her- 
cules, and the upper band from the ESE. through Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Can- 
cer. Faint streamers filled the space between the southern horizon and the lower band. There 
was also a white, quiet, semi-corona (brightness 1) extending from Lyra though Cygnus, Cepheus, 
Cassiopeia, and Camelopardalis to Ursa Major. This was all gone at 1 p. m. There was a slight 
disturbance of the magnetic instruments at 11 a. m. and 12 m. 

January 14, 1883, 2.15 a. in. to 1.17 p. m. — Faint, indefinite light, probably auroral, was visible 
in the E., close to the horizon, as soon as the twilight disappeared, but the first definite aurora 
was noticed at 2.15 a. m. (about 9 p. m. local), having developed since the 2 a. m. observation. It 
was a rather narrow, arched band (brightness to 1) in the NE. from the MW. in Hercules near 
horizon to the E. by S. in Cancer, through Lyra, Hercules, Draco, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, aud 
Leo (/j. Leonis), with a short broader band shooting uy> from the MW. end through Cygnus. At 
3 a. m. a rather broad sinuous band (brightness 2) extended from the ESE. in Hydra to the MW. 
in Aquila, passing W. of the zenith, through Canis Minor, Gemini, Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda, 
Lacerta, Cygnus, and Vulpecula. It was fading slightly at 3.15, and had drifted W., now passing 
through Monoceros, Canis Minor, Orion, Taurus (sTauri and Pleiades), Aries, Andromeda, Pegasus 
(/JPegasi), and Delphinus. At 4 a.m. there was a rather broad zone. The middle portion was 
the brightest (brightness 2), and was made up of narrow, twisted streaks, and the edges of about 
the same breadth were paler (brightness 1). The starting points were ESE. in Hydra and MW. 
in Pegasus. The eastern edge passed through Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, 
Andromeda, and Pegasus ; the western through Leo, Cancer, Lynx, Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda, 
and Pegasus. At 4.15 the whole had drifted about 10° westward and was breaking into separate 
bands and growing paler (brightness 1). At 5 it was reduced to a quiet, yellowish band from 
Pegasus, through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Leo. At 
6 there was a band in the SW. (brightness to 1), through Pisces, Auriga, Gemini, and Cancer. 
At 7 a belt of bands (brightness 1) passed through Aries, Taurus, Orion, Gemini, Cancer, Canis 
Minor, and Hydra. This was reduced at 8 to traces over the southern horizon. At 9 these 
traces had developed into an arch, spanning the horizon from ESE. to NNW, with its crown at 
an altitude of about 15°, white and quiet (brightness to 1). At the same time a broad, irregular 
arch extended from the ESE., through Corona Borealis, Draco, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus, 
to the Pleiades, in the MW. It was in rapid whirling and vibratory motion, and at times was 
tinged with a bright rose color (brightness 4), and lasted but a few moments. At 9.17 there was 
a very broad arch (brightness to 1) from the ESE. to the MW., with its corona at an altitude 
of about 18°, aud fringed on the upper edge with very short pale streamers, and at the same time 
a white, quiet band ran from the E., through Hercules, Lyra, Cygnus, and Lacerta, to Leo. There 



41 G EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

•was a baud in the S. side from Corona Borealis, through Ursa Major, to Gemini, with a slight 
fringe of streamers, and streamers in the E., N., and W., forming with the band in the S. a well- 
defined corona. There w r as no motion except a slight vibration of the streamers in the N. At 
10.17 the arch on the southern horizon was still visible, but its streamers had faded. There were 
faint streamers, quiet and white (brightness to 1), in the NE., in Sagitta and Cygnus, and in the 
NN W., in Triangulum and Aries. At 11.17 there was a quiet, faint, white arch on the southern 
horizon from ESE. to WW. At 12.17 a narrow band (brightness 1) extended from ESE. to 
WW., through Hercules, Ursa Major, Lynx, and Gemini, with luminous spots also in Cygnus,' 
Lacerta, and Cassiopeia. At 1 p. m. a band (brightness to 1) ran from Aquila, in the ESE.} 
through Ursa Minor, to Gemini, in the WW., and the last faint traces were seen at 1.17. The 
magnetic intensity was slightly increased at 5 a. in., and there was a slight disturbance at 1 to 
3 p. m. 

January 15, 1883, 5.17 a. m. to 12.17 p. m. — At 5.17 a motionless band (brightness 1) crossed 
the sky from W. to ESE., west of the zenith, through Pegasus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Caraelo- 
pardalis, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Leo. At G.17 series of white curtains (brightness 1) with 
gentle motion covered the shy from the eastern horizon to Auriga and Perseus in the W., and from 
Leo Minor in the S. to Cygnus in the N. There were also luminous patches in Draco, Pegasus, 
Triangulum, Aries, and Taurus. At 7.17 yellowish-green bands (brightness 1 to 2), waving slowly 
from W. to E., extended from Pegasus through Lacerta, Cygnus. Lyra, Hercules, Corona Borealis, 
Bootes, and Coma Berenices. At S.15 a broad arch spanned the southern horizon from ESE. to 
W., with its crown at an altitude of about 15°. A broad band extended from the western end 
through Gemini and Leo Minor to Ursa Major, and a narrow irregular band from the ENE. through 
Cygnus, Lacerta, Andromeda, and then through Cepheus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus. The whole 
was quiet and white. At the next hour there were merely traces in the S. and W. At 10.17 a 
white and quiet arch lay over the southern horizon from ESE. to WW., with its crown at an alti- 
tude of about 15°, with a narrow band from the ESE. through Corona Borealis, Ursa Major, and 
Gemini. At 11.15 there was a large patch of luminous haze in the S., and at 12.17 there was a zone 
(brightness to 1), with its starting points ESE. in Aquila and WNW. in Gemini, extending in 
breadth from Bootes SSW. to Cassiopeia NNE. Streamers of the same brightness as of the zone 
ran from Taurus in the NW. up into Perseus. The horizontal force and declination were more or 
less disturbed from 7 a. m. to 12 in., the force decreasing and the eastern declination increasing. 

January 10, 1SS3, 2.15 a. m. to 7 a. m. — Vague' arched bands, which could not with certainty 
be distinguished from cirro-stratus clouds, were visible at times early in the evening, but there 
was no definite aurora till 2.15 a. m. (about 9 p. m. local), when there was part of a pale arch in the 
ESE. in Leo, running from below a to (i (brightness to 1). At 3 two broad bands (brightness 1 
to 2), nearly straight, slanted up from E. by S. in Leo through Coma Berenices, Bootes above a 
Bootis, into Corona Borealis. At 3.15 it had changed to a narrow arch (brightness 1) from the E. 
in Leo through the same constellations, fading in the NNE. At 4 there were only evanescent 
traces over the southern horizon. At 5 a quiet band (brightness to 1) passed from Cygnus 
through Lyra, Hercules, and Serpens to Bootes. At 6 there were merely traces in the SE. At 7 
a yellowish band (brightness 1) with a few vibrating streamers ran from Pisces through Aries, 
Taurus, Orion, and Gemini to Cancer. The haziness now increased, and traces only were observed 
at the next two observations, after which the sky clouded over and the weather became stormy. 
There was a slight magnetic disturbance at 6 a. m. 

January 17, 18S3, 9.10 a. m. to 12.17 p. m. — The storm began to break about 9 o'clock p. m., 
local time. At 9.10 a. in. (Washington time) the sky was clear enough to exhibit a white, quiet 
arch (brightness 1 to 2) from the ENE. to the MW., through Sagitta, Yulpecula, Lacerta, Cyg- 
nus, and Andromeda to Triangulum, with faint light, partly masked by the clouds in the southern 
horizon. Traces only were visible at 10, though the sky was clear. The weather theu became 
stormy again, and only traces of the aurora could be observed. Traces of a corona at 11.15 and 
a few white and quiet traces at 12.17. A disturbance of all three elements commenced at 1 a. m. 
and lasted till 12 m., reaching to maximum at 11 a. m. 

January 18, 1S83, 12.15 a. m. to 1.17 p. m. — At 12.15 there was a waving baud of curtains 
(brightness 1) crossing near the zenith from SE. in Canis Minor to W. in Hercules, through 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 417 

Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major, Draco, Ursa Minor, and Lyra. At 1 a. m. there was a small zone of 
two bands in the NE. (brightness 1). The starting points were in Hydra ESE. and Hercules 
MW., with the upper band through a and /J Ursre Majoris, and the lower just above a Canum 
Venaticuni. At 1.15 the zone was condensed to a single rather sinuous band (brightness 1 to 2), 
from the same starting points, running through Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, 
below a Bootis and Corona Borealis At 2 there were two irregular bands in the NE. from 
the ESE. in Hydra to the NNW. in Aquila, reaching their greatest altitude -near a Ursa? 
Majoris, and a shifting band developing from the same starting points through Ursa Minor. 
At 2.15 the lower bands were in nearly the same place, and the upper band starting below 
Procyon ran through Gemini, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Cygnus (brightness 
of all 1 to 2). At 3 there was a broad belt of two or three yellow shifting bands (brightness 2 to 3) 
low in the SW., from NW. in Aquila to SE. in Monoceros, through Pegasus, Triangulum, Aries, 
Taurus, and Orion, gradually beginning to wave. Traces of these bands still remained in the NW.' 
at 3.15, while a band (brightness 2 to 3) crossed the zenith from MW. in Aquila to ESE. in 
Monoceros. North of the zenith the band was composed of short streamers vibrating rapidly from 
N. to S., and south of the zenith of serpentine streaks waving from S. to N., all shifting rapidly: 
The lower edge of the band was tinged with rose. At 4 there were only traces in the NE. At 5.15 
quiet bands (brightness to 1) ran from Leo through Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Corona Borealis, 
and Hercules. At 0.15 a broad, yellowish band (brightness 1), with streamers moving slightly in 
Cygnus and Draco, ran through Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Corona Borealis, Ursa Major, Coma Bere- 
nices, Leo, and Leo Minor. At 7.15 there were merely traces in the NE., and none were seen at S: 
At 9 and 10 faint traces began to appear, and at 11.15 a white, quiet band (brightness to 1) ran 
from ENE. to NNW. through Hercules, Draco, Ursa Minor, and Gemini. At 12 a similar bandj" 
but broad, ran from the ESE. to NW., through Corona Borealis, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, Can- 
cer, and Canis Minor, with luminous patches near the southern horizon. The last faint traces were 
observed at 1 p. m. The magnetic instruments were slightly disturbed from 3 a. m. to 2 p. m., the 
disturbance reaching its maximum at 1 p. m. , 

January 19, 3.15 a. m. to 1.25 p. m. — At 3.15 there was a vertical twisted streak in theE., start- 
ing in Virgo close to the horizon and running up into Leo, where it blended into two nearly straight 
bands through Coma Berenices and Bootes, growing pale towards the N. (brightness 1 to 2). The 
streak waved and shifted slowly. At 4 none w r as perceptible, but at 4.15 there were faint traces 
close to the eastern horizon. No more was seen till 7.15, when there were two bands, one from 
Andromeda through Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, Corona Borealis, and Bootes, and the other 
and upper band through Draco and Canes Venatici, waving slowly towards the zenith (bright- 
ness 1). There were faint traces over the northern horizon at 8.15. At the next two observations 
there were faint traces over the southern horizon. At 11.15 a zone of broad bands crossed from 
ESE. to WNW., white and quiet (brightness 1), covering most of the sky from Bootes in the S. 
to Cassiopeia in the N. This remained essentially unchanged at the next observation, except that 
the bands were narrower and more clearly defined. At 1 p. m. a band (brightness to 1) ran from 
the NW. in Gemini to the E. in Sagitta, through Auriga, Perseus, Triangulum, and Andromeda, 
and there were faint streamers in Cassiopeia. At 1.17 traces were still visible passing through 
Cassiopeia, but were wholly gone at 1.25., There was a slight disturbance of the magnets, affect- 
ing almost wholly the horizontal force, and reaching its maximum about 7 a. m. 

January 20, 1883, 2 a. in. to 1.17 2?- »»• — Arched traces began the aurora lying low in the NE. 
at 2 a. m. At 3 there was a broad, hazy, and indistinct zone (brightness to 1), which was bright- 
est in the NW. and on the eastern edge. The starting-points were near the horizon, ESE. in Leo, 
and NNW. in Aquila. The western edge ran through Leo, Lynx, Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, 
Cepheus, Cygnus, and Vulpecula, and the eastern through Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, 
and Lyra. At 3.15 it had spread a little further west, hazy and indefinite. At 4 there was a rather 
narrow, regvdar arched band in the NE. from NNW. in Delphinus to the ESE. in Virgo, through 
Cygnus, Lyra (a Lyra?), Corona Borealis, Bootes (a Bootis), and Coma Berenices (brightness 1), with 
two or three incomplete bands below it. This had changed at 4.15 into two broader and more 
irregular bands, starting from the same points, but reaching a greater altitude, through Cygnus, 
Lyra, Draco, Bootes, Canes Venatici, and Coma Berenices (brightness 1 to 2). At 5 a quiet band 
H. Ex. 44 53 



418 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 

(brightness to 1) ran through Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Corona Borealis, Bootes, Coma Berenices, and 
Leo. At 6.15 a similar band (brightness 1) ran through Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, Bootes, and Yirgo. 
At 7 there were merely traces on the northern horizon. At 8 a quiet double band (brightness 
to 1) crossed from Ursa Major and Leo to Auriga and Perseus. At 9.15 there were faint traces 
near the zenith and in the ESE. and NW. At 10.15 a. m. a white, quiet arch (brightness 1) ran 
from the ESE. to the WW., with its crown at an altitude of about 15°, while there were also long, 
quiet streamers in the E., passing through Corona Borealis, Draco, Hercules, and Lyra, with a 
luminous bar from Lyra through Cygnus, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia. At 11.15 there was a zone of 
broad bands (brightness to 1), with its starting-points ESE. and XNW., reaching in breadth from 
Bootes to the zenith. At 2.15 there was a broad, quiet, white, and diffuse arch from ESE. to WXW. 
There were also streamers in the ESE., E., and EXE., in Sagitta, Lyra, Aquila, Delphinus, Yul- 
pecula, Cygnus, Pegasus, and Lacerta. The last faint traces were seen in the E. near Aquila and 
near the zenith. The needles were slightly disturbed at 3 and 4 a. m. with high horizontal force, 
and from 8 a. in. to 3 p. m. there was a considerable disturbance, reaching its maximum at 11 a. m. 

January 20 anil 21, 1883, 11.15 p. m. to 11.15 a. on, — The aurora began at 11.15 p. m. as a faint 
streak in the XE. through Ursa Major, Lynx, and Gemini. At 12.15 a. m. there was a zone of two 
bands with its starting points W. by X. and E. by S. ; and passing, one through Canis Minor, 
Auriga, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Lyra, and Hercules, the other through Canis Minor, Ursa Minor, 
Draco, and Hercides (brightness 1 to 2). It was brightest in the W. where the bands assumed the 
curtain form. At 1 a. m. there was 'a narrow, arched belt of three bauds (brightness 1) from 
Hercules MW., starting at an altitude of about 15° to near the horizon ESE. in Hydra, through 
Corona Borealis, Draco, Bootes, Ursa Major (A), and Canes Venatici (above a), Leo Minor, Leo, and 
Cancer. At 1.15 it was a little brighter in the MW., twisted and spreading into Lyra. At 2 a. m. 
there was a broad, hazy, indefinite zone (brightness to 1). The starting-points were ESE. in 
Hydra and M'W. in Aquila, and it extended in breadth from s Ursae Majoris to Cassiopeia (near e). 
At 2.15 it was brighter on the edges and spread farther west (into Perseus). At 3 there was a 
narrow zone (brightness 1) west of the zenith. The starting points were SE. in Hydra and XXW. 
in Aquila, stretching in breadth from close to Polaris to a Arictis. At 3.15 it was much brighter 
(brightness 1 to 2) and had drifted W., so that the eastern edge passed through Cassiopeia,and the 
western took in a Orionis and a Tauri. At 4, three or four bands, broad and sinuous (brightness 1 
to 2), started from Pegasus in the XW., going straight up for about 1~>°, and then bending round 
through Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, Draco, Corona Borealis, and Bootes {a Bootis). At 1.15 twisted 
streaks (brightness 2) forming a narrow zone from Pegasus NW., through Andromeda, Perseus, 
Auriga, Gemini, Cancer, and Canis Minor, ending in Hydra ESE., with considerable waving motion 
near the zenith. At 5.15 a band (brightness 1) ran through Andromeda, Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, and 
Hercules. At 0.15 a quiet baud (brightness to 1 ) stretched from Pegasns through Yulpecula and 
Hercules to Bootes. At 7.15 a zone (brightness 1 to 2) crossed the zenith with its starting-points 
XW. and SSE., in Aries, Andromeda, Leo, and Canes Yenatici. It reached SW. to Gemini and 
Auriga, and XE. to Corona Borealis and Lyra, where it had a few bands of streamers in rapid, 
waving motion (brightness 1 to 2). At 8.15 a. in. there were faint traces in the X. Traces appeared 
again in the E. at 9.15 a. m. and at 11.15 in the SE. The magnets began to be agitated about 3 
a. in. and were not quiet again till 2 p. m., the disturbance reaching its maximum about 7 a. in. 

January 22, 1SS3, 0.1 5 a. m. to 11 a. m. — No aurora was seen till 0.15 a. m. (about la. in. local 
time), when a band passed from Pegasus through Triangulum, Terseiis, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, 
Draco, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, Bootes, and Coma Berenices to Leo, and Leo Mi::' r, with bright 
green and yellow streamers in Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Draco, vibrating rapidly from SW. to XE., 
and pale streamers waving slowly in SE. (brightness 1 to 2). At 7.15 there was a quiet band 
(brightness'O to 1) from Pegasus through Lyra, Hercules, and Corona Borealis to Bootes. Traces 
were observed remaining in the X. at 8.15, in the ESE. at 10.15, and in the E. at 11 a. m. Tlic 
magnets were somewhat disturbed from to S a. m., and there was a slight disturbance from 1 to 
4 p. m. 

January 24, 1883, 9.15 a. in. to 1.17 p. m. — Most of the night was cloudy, but at 9.15 a. m. and 
at 1.17 p. m. traces of aurora were observed among the clouds. 

January 25, 3 a. m. to 1.5t>^. on. — Early iu the evening there were indefinite streaks in the 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 419 

NE., which may have been auroral, but the brilliaut moonlight rendered it impossible to be sure 
of this. At 3 a. m. a ratlier broad, striated, hazy baud (brightness 1) crossed the zenith from near 
horizon ESE. in Hydra to Yulpecula KNW., at an altitude of about 15°, passing through Cancer, 
Lynx, Gamelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Oepheus, Lacerta, and Cyguus (close to e). This was in the 
same position at 3.15, but was narrower, paler, and very sinuous and twisted. At the next two 
hours there were no traces of aurora, but at G.15 there were two bands of yellowish-green streamers, 
starting from Bootes, one going N. through Corona Borealis, Draco, aud Cygnus, and the other S. 
through Coma Berenices, Leo Minor, and Gemini. The streamers vibrated rapidly from W. to E. 
(brightness 1 to 2). At 7.15 there were faint traces in the S. At 8.15 two quiet bauds (brightness 
to 1) ran through Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major. Auriga, and Perseus. The aurora then 
died away to mere traces, which were wholly gone at 11 a. in., reappearing at noon, and gradually 
developing, first into sinuous streaks across the zenith with streamers in the SE., and then into a 
corona (brightness to 1) centering in Ursa Minor. This was replaced by a narrow sinuous band 
at 1.17 running through Cygnus, Ursa Major, and Leo Minor. Traces of this baud were still 
visible at 1.50, when the daylight was quite bright. A magnetic disturbance commenced at 3 a. m. 
and was still going on at 3 p. m. (10 a. m. local time), with one maximum at a. m. and one at 2 
p. m., both with very high eastern declination and very low horizontal force. 

January 25 and 20, 1SS3, 10.15 p. m. to 1.17 j). m. — As soon as it grew dark enough for an aurora 
to be visible a faint arch appeared in the NE. with its extremities XXW. and ESE., passing through 
Bootes, Canes Yenatici, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, Lynx, and Gemini. The altitude of the crown was 
about 50°. At 11.15 this had developed into a zone, with its extremities NW. and SE. The north- 
ern edge ran through Hercules, Draco, Ursa Major, Lynx, Gemini, and Orion, and the southern 
edge through Orion. Auriga, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Lyra, and Hercules (brightness 1 to 2). 
At 12.15 a. m. waving bands of curtains ran through Serpens, Cygnus, Lacerta, Andromeda, Tau- 
rus, and Orion, and there was also a hazy patch in Orion, Gemini, Cancer, and Leo. At 1 a. m. a 
broad, hazy, sinuous band, festooned and breaking into streamers and irregular patches in the 
NNW.. ran from the ESE. in Monoceros to the NNW. in Hercules, through Canis Minor, Gemini, 
Lynx, Auriga, Gamelopardalis, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, and Draco. There was also a luminous 
patch in Taurus continued by an imperfect band through Cassiopeia, and a band in the E. from Leo 
through Leo Minor and Canes Yenatici into Bootes (brightness 1). At 1.15 this was broken aud 
mostly faded, except the band in the E. aud streamers in the NNW. There was nothing left at 2 
a. m. except a few streamers in the X. and NNW. in Lyra and Hercules, which had developed at 
2.15 into four slightly diverging, sinuous bauds (brightness to 1), all ending in the clouds in the 
SE. One passed through Draco and Ursa Major, one through Draco and Ursa Minor, one fading 
near a Cygni, through Cepheus, Cassiopeia, and Gamelopardalis, and one through Lacerta and 
Cassiopeia. At 3 there were broken streamers in the X. and NW., and one pale band across the 
western horizon through Pegasus, Aries, Taurus, and Orion. This was replaced at 3.15 by three 
bands, narrow and rather hazy, starting between Yulpecula and Pegasus XNW. to NW., the upper 
through Cygnus, Cassiopeia, Gamelopardalis, Auriga, and Gemini, growing very pale ; the next 
through Pegasus, Andromeda, Perseus, ,5 Aurigre into Gemini, and the lowest through Pegasus, 
Triangulum, Aries, Taurus, and Orion, all fading in the moonlight in the SE. (brightness to 1). 
At 4 a. m. there was a regular narrow arch (brightness 2) tinged with green and rose in the W., 
with an altitude of about 25°, running from the ESE. in Hydra (just below a) to the NW. just below 
Y Pegasi, through Monoceros, Orion (8), the lower part of Taurus, Cetus («), and Pisces. At 4.15 
it was lower, passing through the nebula in Orion, and paler (1 to 2) with a band above it (bright- 
ness 1) through Canis Minor, Gemini (y), Taurus, and Aries («). The needles were agitated. At 
5.15 a yellowish band, waving very slowly, ran from Cygnus through Draco, Ursa Minor, Ursa 
Major, Leo Minor, aud Leo to Hydra, while a second band commenced from Cygnus through Lyra, 
Corona Borealis, Canes Yenatici, Bootes, and Coma Berenices to Leo (brightness 1). At 0.15 a 
quiet band (brightness to 1) extended from Cassiopeia through Cygnus, Hercules, and Serpens 
to Bootes. Nothing remained at 7.15 except traces in the SW. At 8.15 a faint, quiet band ran 
from Taurus through Auriga, Gemini, and Leo. At 9.17 there was a small patch in the SE. and a 
narrow, white, aud quiet band running thence through Bootes, Coma Berenices, and Leo, and also 
a bright patch in the SW. in Gemini (brightness 1 to 2). At 10.15 a broad, irregular, white, qriet 



420 EXPEDITION TO POINT EAEEOW, ALASKA 



band (brightness 1 to 2) ran from the E. through Hercules, Corona Borealis, and Canes Venatici 
to Leo Minor, "with a patch of the same character in the WW. from Orion through Auriga. At 
12.15 there were faint traces of aurora in the ESE. and S. At 1 p. m. traces of streamers appeared 
through Aquila, Lyra, Ursa Major, and Bootes. The last faint traces were seen at 1.17 p. m. A 
magnetic disturbance commenced at 5 a. m. and lasted till 5 p. m., being most violent at 5 a. m., 9 
a. m., and 3 p. m. 

January 26 and 27, 10.15 p. m. to 12.15 p. m. — At 10.15 p. m. there was a faint and narrow arch 
in the NE. through Canis Minor, Cancer, Leo Minor, Coma Berenices Canes Venatici, and Bootes. 
At 11.15 this was broken up into a hazy mass in Canis Minor, Cancer, and Leo, and streamers in 
Serpens and Bootes, and at 12.15 was reduced to a faint flush in the NE. At 1 a. m. there were 
two bands of short, ill-defined streamers in the NE., the upper from Hercules in the MW. through 
Corona Borealis, Bootes, and Canes Venatici, and the lower through Leo (p and S) and Coma Be- 
renices, starting in Hydra and ending near a Bootes (brightness to 1). These bands were 
essentially unchanged at 1.15, but a bunch of streamers had developed at the MW! end reaching 
up into Draco. At 2 a. m. nothing remained but traces of the bands. These traces were better 
denned at 2.15, and there was a twisted streak (brightness 1) from close to a Vulpecula? (N^W.) 
through Cygnus (ft and 6). At 3 a narrow arched and somewhat sinuous band (brightness 1) 
extended from MW. in Vulpecula to ESE. in Hydra, through Cygnus {ft) a Lyrce, Draco, the 
top of Bootes, Canes Venatici (a), and Leo (6 and 6). At 3.15 this band was paler and formed an 
outlying band of a zone with the same starting points. The western edge of the zone ran through 
Leo, Gemini, Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda, and Pegasus, and the eastern through Leo, Leo Minor, 
Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, and Cygnus, while there was an arched band 
low in the E. from ft Leonis to a Bootes. At 4 a. m. there was a hazy zone (brightness to 1) with 
its starting points in the ESE. in Crater and W. below C Pegasi. The western edge ran through 
Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx, Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, and Andromeda, and the eastern through Leo, 
Cancer, Gemini, the top of Orion, Taurus (a), and Aries. At 4.15 the zone was in nearly the same 
place, but its eastern edge had moved four or five degrees W., while a twisted streak (brightness 
2 to 3). very sinuous and tinged with green and rose, began to move up from the ESE., spreading 
out and beginning to wave, at first slowly and then rapidly, as it approached the zenith, passing 
up through Ursa Major and Cassiopeia (where it stopped) in 2 or 3 minutes, while the zone faded. 
It was brightest near the horizon. At 4.17 and 4.18 a second similar band was beginning to de- 
velop a little to the E. of this. At 5.15 a belt of quiet bands ran from Pegasus through Lncerta, 
Cygnus, Cepheus, Draco, Ursa Major, and Coma Berenices, while the lower edge passed through 
Cygnus, Lyra, Sagitta, Hercules, Corona Borealis, Serpens, and Bootes (brightness 1 to 2). Only 
traces remained at 0.15. At 7.15 there were two bands (brightness to 1), one through Taurus, 
Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Corona Borealis, and the other through Cepheus, 
Draco, Ursa Major, and Coma Berenices. At S.15 a quiet band (brightness to 1) ran through 
Vulpecula, Hercules, Serpens, and Bootes. At 9.15 this was reduced to a streak, lying only in 
Hercules and Corona Borealis, with faint traces in the W. At 10.15 a broad irregular mass of 
rays, converging towards the zenith (brightness 4), occupied Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, 
Camelopardalis, Ursa Major, Draco, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, Bootes, and Serpens, This 
body of rays was slightly tinged with green and rose, and vibrated easterly, having also a slow but 
constant change of form and position. The western sky was filled with long, fine streamers from 
Canis Minor to Aries, and there was also a diffuse, white, quiet arch from the SE. to the KW,, with 
its crown at an altitude of about 10° above the southern horizon (brightness to 1). At 11.15 
there was a broad striated band (brightness to 1) running ESE. and WJ5JTW. through Hercules, 
Corona Borealis, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Lynx, Aquila, and Gemini, white and quiet. At 12.15 
there were very faint traces of an arch running ESE. by WW., passing a little south of the zenith. 
A magnetic disturbance commenced at 4 a. m. and continued about ten hours, being at no time 
very large, but reachiug its maximum at 11 a. m. 

January 27 and 28, 10.15 p. m. to 12.15 p. <m. — The aurora began at 10.15 as a faint streak in 
the NE,, which by 11 o'clock had developed into an arch of streamers through Canis Minor, 
Cancer, Leo, Coma Berenices, and Bootes (brightness 2), faintly tinged with green and rose, and 
in rapid vibration from E. to W. This had become quiet and faded to brightness 1 at 11.15. At 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 421 

32.15 there were two parallel bauds of curtains from the NW. to ESE., through Cancer, Leo, Leo 
Minor, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major,_Bcotes, Corona Borealis, aucl Hercules, moving but slightly 
(brightness 1 to 2). At 1 a. in. nearly the whole eastern sky was covered with aurora (brightness 
2). A broad sinuous band ran from near a Hydras in the ESE. to Cygnus in the MW., through 
Leo, Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Draco, Hercules, and Lyra, while above this were 
three series of broad indistinct curtains radiating from the zenith and not reaching west of Ceinini 
and Cassiopeia. At 1.15 the curtains were fading, leaving the bands which were slightly tinged 
with green and rose in the ESE. At 2 a. in. there was a broad, somewhat sinuous band (bright- 
ness 2) in the NE., from the NNW. in Hercules to the ESE in Hydra, through Corona Borealis, 
Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, and Leo (d and 0), with traces of a streak through Cassiopeia and 
Gemini. At 2.15 there were also partial coronal streamers (brightness 1) occupying Leo, Leo 
Minor, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Cassiopeia, centering towards 
Polaris, with pale bauds branching off from the ESE. in Gemini. At 3 and 3.15 there was a 
narrow, rather regular arch (brightness 1 to 2) in the NE. from the ESE., low in Leo to the NNW. 
in Hercules, through Virgo, Coma Berenices, aBootis, Coroua Borealis, and Serpens, with a streak 
(brightness to 1) E. by S. from Leo up into Gemini. There were only faint traces at 4, but at 
4.15 these had developed into two bands (brightness to 1) starting, respectivelj*, NN W. and NW.,' 
oue through Cygnus and the other through Pegasus, Andromeda, and Cassiopeia, faintly visible 
as far as Leo. At 5.15 a quiet band (brightness 1) ran from Hydra through Canis Minor, Orion, 
and Taurus 1o Cetus. Faint traces were observed at 0.15 and 7.15 a. m. No more was seen till 
11.15 when a broad, diffuse, quiet arch (brightness to 1) ran from the ESE. to the WNW., 
through Coroua Borealis, Ursa Major, and Gemini. The last faint traces were seen in the ESE. at 
12.15 p. m. The horizontal force was unusually high from about an hour before the beginning of 
the aurora, but returned to its ordinary reading at about 3 a. in., remaining undisturbed till 1 
p. m., when there was a slight disturbance for a couple of hours, the horizontal force falling and 
the declination rising. The vertical intensity was rather high all day. 

January 28 and 29, 1SS3, 10.15 p. m. to 12.15 p. m. — There was a faint streak in the NE. at 
10.15 p. in., and faint traces were again visible in the ENE. at 11.10 and iu the NW. again at 12 
midnight. There were traces in the N. and E. at 1 a. m., which had developed at 1.15 into a 
slightly sinuous arched band (brightness 1) from the NNW. in Hercules to the ESE. in Hydra, 
through Coroua Borealis («), Bootes (s), Coma Berenices, and Leo (/5). At 2 a.m. the arch was in 
the same position, but had faded to brightness to 1, and there was a second similar arch a little 
above it, passing through Canes Venatici and ft Bootis. This had faded to traces at 2.15. At 
3 there were two bands (brightness to 1), beginning in nearly the same place in Hydra, but 
fading in Coma Berenices, with a trace also iu the N. This developed at 3.15 into a somewhat 
sinuous band (brightness 1) from ESE. in Hydra to the NNW. in Vulpecula, through Leo (o), Coma 
Berenices, Canes Venatici («), Bootes, Draco (,? and y), and Cygnus close to d. At 4 a. m. a fes- 
tooned band (brightness 1 to 2) started from nearly the same point in the NNW., and passed 
through Cygnus, Draco, Bootes, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, and Leo, the ESE. in Virgo. 
This had become straighter at 4.15, and from the ESE, end came curved radiating streamers 
through Leo, Leo Minor, and Ursa Major, all slowly shifting. At 5.15 there were only traces in 
the NE., and no more was seen till 7.15, when there was a quiet, yellowish baud (brightness 1) 
from Aries through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Lacerta, Cygnus, and Lyra to Hercules. A fainter 
band (brightness to 1) at 8.18 ran from Taurus through Orion, Gemini, Cancer, and Leo to Virgo. 
At 9.15 a broad, pale, quiet arch extended from the ESE. to WNW. with its crown at an altitude 
of about 1S°, and above it a second similar arch from the same starting points, through Corona 
Borealis, Ursa Major, and Gemini. There was also an irregular arch of quiet streamers from the 
E. to NW. through Cygnus, Lacerta, Andromeda, Perseus, and the Pleiades. At 10.15 there was 
a broad, quiet arch (brightness to 1) from the ESE. to the WNW., with its crown at an altitude 
of 20°, with a similar arch from Hercules through Corona Borealis, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, 
Cancer, and Canis Miuor. No more was observed till 12.15 p. in., when there was a broad, quiet 
white band (brightness to 1) from the ESE. to the WNW. through the zenith, and from Polaris 
to the lower extremity of Ursa Major. The needles were unusually quiet all night though there 
was a slight disturbance at 9 a. m. r 



422 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

January 29 and 30, 18S3, 11.15 p. m. to 1 p. m. — There was a faint streak along the horizon iu 
the NE. at 11.15*which. developed into an ill-defined arch of pale streamers, and had subsided to 
a faint glow at 12.15 a. m. At 1 and 2 faint traces only were visible, and absolutely no aurora was 
visible at 3. At 4, however, there was a well marked, rather narrow zone (brightness 1), with its 
starting points ESE. in Leo and MW. in Pegasus, occupying part of Leo (/?, 8, and 0), Coma Bere- 
nices, and Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Gepheus, Draco, Lacerta, the top of Cygnus 
(not inclosing a), and Andromeda, with an outlying band through Cassiopeia. At 4.15 the start- 
ing points were nearly the same, but the aurora had drifted westward so as to occupy Pegasus, 
Andromeda, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Lynx, Leo Minor, and Leo, where it was 
brighter (1 to 2) and much convoluted. This was essentially unchanged at 5.15. At G.15 a quiet 
band (brightness 1 to 2) ran from Pegasus through Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, Corona Borealis, and 
Bootes to Coma Berenices. At 7.15 a quiet band (brightness 1) ran from Cancer through Gemini, 
Auriga, Taurus, and Pisces. At 8.15 there were merely traces near the horizon in the N. At 
9.10 bands (brightness 1) ran through Cassiopeia, Perseus, Cygnus, .and a Lyra-. At 10.10 a band 
(brightness 2) ran through Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, Auriga, Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo Minor, 
Gemini, Gepheus, Hercules, and Corona Borealis. At 11.15 a bright band (brightness 4) ran 
through Ursa Major, Bootes, Gemini, Auriga, Cassiopeia, Cygnus, Draco, and Lyra. At 12.10 
p. m. thei'e were traces in the NW. and 1ST. at an altitude of 20° and 50°, and the last faint traces 
were seen in Lyra and in the S. at 1 p. m. The magnetic needles were unusually quiet all night. 

January 31, 1883, 1 a. m. 1o 10.10 a. m. — Faint glimmers of aurora were observed in the NE. 
early in the evening, but there was no definite aurora till 1 a= m., when there were two broad bands of 
somewhat indefinite curtains (brightness 1) across the eastern sky, with slight waving motion run- 
ning from Leo in the ESE. to Vulpecula (a) in the NNW., through Leo, Lynx, Ursa Major, Ursa 
Minor, Draco, Lyra, and Cygnus. These had changed at 1.15 into a broad band from the same 
starting points, running through Cancer, Gemini, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Cepheus, and Cygnus 
(brightness 1 to 2). It was brightest (brightness 2) in the NNW., and towards the ESE. was 
split longitudinally in two, and very sinuous near the horizon. At 2 a. m. a broad baud (bright- 
ness 2 to 3), somewhat inclined to split lengthwise, and sinuous near the horizon, swept waving 
slightly from the NW. to the E. by S., occupying Pegasus, Andromeda, Lacerta, Cygnus, Cepbeus, 
Draco, Lyra, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Leo. At 2.15 a broad band swept round from NW. 
toENE., about 35° above the horizon, from Pegasus, through Andromeda, Perseus, Auriga, Gemini, 
Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major and Canes Venatici into Draco; there joining tbree spiral bands, 
making a sort of vortex between Draco and the zenitli (brightness 2 to 3). The magnets were 
somewhat disturbed, especially the declination magnet, the eastern declination increasing about 
1°. At 3 a.m. the SE. sky from near a Hydra' to near a Bodtis was filled with exceedingly 
sinuous broad bands (brightness 1 to 2), reaching nearly to the zenith, the most southern being 
continued in the form of a narrow zone through Cancer, Gemini, Taurus, Aries, Triangulum, and 
Pegasus, ending in the NW. At 3.15 the bands were less sinuous and longer and the zone nar- 
rower and brighter (2 to 3). At 4 there was a very broad zone across the zenith (brightness 1 to 
2). The starting points were between ESE. and E. by S. in Crater and Hydra, and NW. in Pegasus. 
Tho western edge ran through Virgo, Bootes (a), Corona Borealis, Lyra, and Cygnus, and the 
western through Hydra, Canis Minor, Orion, Taurus, Aries, and Pegasus. At 4.15 the zone was 
fading and breaking up, except the eastern edge, which had narrowed into a band (brightness ;?) 
faintly tinged with rose on the lower edge, above which in the NE. was developing a row of imper- 
fect curtains. At 5.15 four quiet yellowish bands started from Pegasus NW. (brightness 1 to 2), 
running as follows : The first, north of the zenith, through Lacerta, Cygnus, Draco, and Canes 
Venatici, ending in Virgo; the second, through Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major to 
Virgo; the third, south of the zenith through Andromeda, Perseus, Auriga, and Lynx to Leo; 
and tho fourth, through Aries, Taurus, Orion, and Canis Minor to Hydra. At 0.15 there was ;i 
zone running W. and E. (brightness 2 to 3), with the northern edge waving slowly. The starting- 
points were in Aries and Bootes. The southern edge ran through Taurus, Gemini, Leo, and Coma 
Berenices, and the northern through Pisces, Andromeda, Cygnus, Lyra, and Corona Borealis. At 
7.15 the zone had essentially the same position and form, but had laded (biightnessO to 1). Faint 



EXPEDITION TO POINT P> ARROW, ALASKA. 423 

traces continued to be visible at 8.15, 0.10, and 10.10, alter which the weather became hazy. There 
was a magnetic disturbance at 5 to G a. m., greatest at G a. in. 

February 1,1S83,5.15 a. m. to 1.15 p.m. — Traces of small luminous patches appeared in the west at 
5.15 a. m. At G.15 a. m. one white and quiet band (brightness 2) ran from SE. to WNW. along the 
horizon, while there was an arch of short streamers of tho same color and brightness, somewhat 
irregular, from, the same starting points, about 10° higher than the first band, passing through Leo, 
Cancer, Gemini, Oiiou, and Taurus. At 7.15 there was a large corona (brightness 2 to 3), centering 
in Ursa Major south of the zenith ; and a bright band of streamers, vibrating rapidly from W. to E., 
ran through Pegasus, Aries, Taurus, Auriga, Gemini, and Leo Minor. At S.15 there was a broad 
arch from ESE. to WNW., with the crown about 15° from the southern horizon, with a second sim- 
ilar arch above it, from the same starting points through Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, 
Lynx, Gemini, and Orion. From the western extremity came a third similar arch through Taurus, 
Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Draco, and Hercules, ending near the eastern horizon. At the same 
time a broad irregular broken band of short streamers, quivering slightly, extended from the ENE. 
through Lyra, Cygnus, Lacerta, Andromeda, Triangulum, Aries, and the Pleiades (brightness of 
all, 2). At 9.15 there were traces only in the S. At 10.15 there was a broad and quiet white arch 
from the ESE. to WNW., with its crown about 15° above the southern horizon, and long white 
motionless streamers in the E. and ENE., in Hercules, Sagitta, Cygnus, Lyra, and Draco. At 11.15 
there was a broad waving band from E. to W. through Gemini, Ursa Major, Draco, Lyra, and Cyg- 
nus (brightness 1), and a long low arch in the S.; 12.15 p. m. there was a broad quiet band from 
the E. to W. from Leo through Coma Berenices, Bootis, and Aquila, with a corona in Ursa Major. 
At 1.15 a corona, with its streamers thickest in the E. and W., was barely discernible in the bright 
twilight. The needles were comparatively quiet up to nearly half past 12 p. m., when a violent 
disturbance began, which is still going on. 

February 2, 1883, 1 a. m. to 12.15 p. m. — Early in the evening the haze and clouds were thick, 
but at 1 a. m. (8 p. m. local) traces of twisted bands, apparently bright and in motion, were visible 
through the clouds, crossing the zenith from KW. to SE. These were very faint at 1.15. The clouds 
were thicker at 2 a. m., and the traces consequently fainter. None were seen at 3 a. m. At 4 tho 
haze grew thinner, allowing the central part of a broad zone to be visible. The starting points 
were invisible in the haze in NW. and SE., and the whole was much obscured by haze. In breadth 
it reached from Ursa Major to Taurus. The sky was much clearer for four or five hours, gradually 
becoming obscure again. At 5.15 an aurora was observed passing through Canis Minor, Orion, 
Taurus, and Cetus (brightness to 1). At G.15 there were two. faint bands, one from Cancer 
through Orion, Taurus, and Aries, and the other through Gemini, Auriga, Perseus, and Andromeda 
(brightness to 1). At 7.15 a short band crossed the zenith from Hercules through Ursa Major, 
Camelopardalis, and Gemini. Farther south of the zenith yellowish white bands ran from Ursa 
Major to Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, and Leo Minor, and there was a band of streamers, in 
rapid waving motion, passing through Serpens, Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, Cancer, and Gemini 
(brightness 1 to 2). At 8.15 there were only faint traces along the horizon. At 9.15 a broad, white, 
quiet, irregular arch from the SW. horizon through Cancer, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Canes Vena- 
tici, Corona Borealis, .and Hercules, ending in Serpens. At 10.15 the haze and clouds were again 
becoming thicker, and traces of an arch were observed running from ESE. to W. about 10° south 
of the zenith. At 11.15 a broad zone (brightness to 1 ) covered most of the southern sky, the 
bands running from ESE. to W. The first ran through- Sagitta, Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, and Leo 
Minor, and the second through Hercules, Corona Borealis, Coma Berenices, and Leo, while a broad 
irregular patch ran from theSSE. to SW. through Serpens, Bootes, and Leo, with a smaller luminous 
streak near the horizon in Virgo. The last faint traces were seen at 12.15 p. in. A magnetic disturb- 
ance began at 4 a. m. and continued all night. 

February 3, 1883, 1 a. m. to 11.15 a. m. — The sky was cloudy early in the evening, but the clouds 
broke sufficiently at 1 a. m. (about S p. m. local) to show a regular, narrow arch in the SW. (bright- 
ness 2), from the SE. to NW., with its corona at an altitude of about 40°, partially obscured by 
clouds. The arch was partially broken and irregular at 1.15. At 2 the haze was thick again, but 
through it near the zenith in the SE. there were traces of an extensive and apparently bright au- 
rora which was nearly obscured at 2.15. There was less haze again at 3 and a broad band consid- 



424 EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 

crably obscured from, the SE. to W, through Polaris could be seen. At 4 there were traces near 
the zenith, but at 4.15 the haze was nearly gone, displaying extensive bands forming a sort of 
vortex. One broad band (brightness 2) began in the top of Cygnus, in theNNE., as an irregular 
cloudy patch, and passed round through Lyra, Hercules, Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major/ 
Lynx and Auriga, ending in Perseus, whence just below the edge of this a double band (bright-, 
ness 1) ran back to Gemini. There was also a broad band (brightness 2) somewhat obscured by 
clouds on the SW. horizon through Orion. At 5.15 one band of streamers passed through Lyra, 
Hercules, Corona Borealis, Bootes, and Coma Berenices, and another from Pegasus through 
Aries, Taurus, Orion, and Gemini to Cancer, but vibrating slowly from E. to W. (brightness 2). 
At G.15 a quiet band (brightness to 1) ran from Pegasus through Cygnus, Vulpecula, and Ser- 
pens. At 7.15 a quiet yellowish zone (brightness 1 to 2) rilled the southern half of the shy, and 
one outlying band from Ursa Major to Cygnus in rapid, waving motion. At S.15 there were seen 
traces of a corona covering the whole sky from the horizon, centering a little south of the zenith. 
At 9.15 there were four broad bauds (brightness 1) covering most of the sky, the first in the north 
from NW. to XE., with the crown at an altitude of about 12°, the second from E. to W. through 
Polaris, the other two starting together from the ESE., the west one passing through Hercules 
and Ursa Major, and the other through Corona Borealis, Canes Venatici, and Leo Minor, with 
also a broad baud of luminous patches from the ESE. to W. about 15° above the southern horizon. 
At 10.15 there was a zone of three bands (brightness to 1), with its starting points ESE. and 
NNW., one through Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, Lynx, Gemini, and Canis Minor, the second through 
Corona Borealis, Canes Venatici, and Leo Minor, and the third through Serpens, Bootes, Coma 
Berenices, and Leo. At 11.15 there was a white, quiet arch from the IW. to E. through Auriga, 
Cassiopeia, and Lacerta (brightness to 1), with streamers at the extremities, and also short 
curved streaks in the south in Bootes, Hercules, and Coma Berenices, and a broad broken band 
from the SE. to SW. about 10° above the southern horizon, all of the same brightness. The 
weather then became too thick for further observation. A violent disturbance, affecting all the 
magnetic elements, commenced about 2 a. m. and lasted about twelve or thirteen hours, being spe- 
cially violent at 2 and 8 a. in. and 1 p. in. 

February 4, 1883, 12.15 a. m. to 11.15 a. m. — The early part of the evening was very stormy, 
the wind reaching 54 miles an hour, with the drifting snow rendering accurate observation of the 
aurora impossible, though the sky frequently was almost clear of clouds. Hazy light was observed 
in the NE. at 12.15 a. in., and bright traces in the NE. at 1 a. m. At 2 a. m. there was a broad 
zone across the zenith from the NW.' to SW. (brightness apparently 1). At the next two observa- 
tions the sky was completely covered with clouds, and traces only were seen near the zenith at 3 
a. m. and in the SE. at 4. xVt 5 the sky was clearer, showing a band (brightness to 1) from Can- 
cer through Canis Minor, Orion, and Taurus. At C a brighter band (brightness 1) ran from 
Leo, through Gemini, Auriga, and Taurus to Aries. At 7 there were two yellowish bauds (bright- 
ness 1 to 2), the first from Leo, through Lynx, Camelopardalis and Cassiopeia, to Andromeda, 
and the second from Cygnus, through Draco to Ursa Major. At 8 there were merely traces round 
the southern horizon and a few patches in the W. At 9.15 there was a broad white band on the 
southern horizon, with streamers in Serpens and Bootes. There was besides a white arch from 
the SE. to NW. through Corona Borealis, Draco, Ursa Major, Auriga, and Orion, and a similar 
band from E. to N. through Sagitta, Vulpecula, Lacerta, and Andromeda, and streamers in Pleia- 
des (brightness 1). At 10.15 a band ran along the northern horizon from the NW. to EXE., 
and a striated band from the SE. to NW. through Hercules, Draco, Ursa Major, Lynx, Cancer, 
Gemini, and Canis Minor. There was also a broad band near the southern horizon from SE. to 
SW. There were also streamers in the E. All were white and quiet (brightness to 1). This 
was essentially unchanged at 11.15, after which the sky again became overcast. A violent dis- 
turbance began at 3 a. m. and lasted all night. 

February 4, LS83, 10.45^. m. to 11.15 j>. in. — The sky, which had become overcast all the after- 
noon, became sufficiently clear at 10.45 p. m. (about half-past 4 local) to show an arch in the NE., 
with its extremities bearing ESE. and NNW., and its crown at an altitude of about 45°. The 
sky then became again overcast with snow, but auroral light was still visible at 11.15 p. m. through 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 425 

the clouds in the NE. A magnetic disturbance commenced about 5 a. m. and lasted all night 
(local), reaching its maximum about 12 m. (Washington time). 

February G, 18S3, 12.15 a. in, to 12.15 p. m. — The early part of the evening was cloudy and stormy. 
However, at 12.15 a. m. traces were visible through the clouds in the NE. At 1 a. m. the clouds 
were broken away somewhat, and much bright light, obscured by broken clouds, was visible in 
the E. For the next six observations the clouds were thick and the weather stormy. At 8.15 a 
yellowish-green band, with short, motionless streamers (brightness 1 to 2), ran from Orion and 
Taurus, through Auriga, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Cygnus and Draco. At 9.15 there was 
an aurora of essentially the same character as at 8.15. At 10 an arch of diffused light (brightness 
1 to 2) ran from the ESE. to WNW., with its crown at an altitude of about 15° above the southern 
horizon. At the same time a band of similar character ran from the E. to NW., through Cygnus, 
Ursa Minor, and Auriga. The latter had disappeared at 10.15, the former remaining unchanged. 
At 11.15 there was a broad band of quiet streamers, with its crown at an altitude of about 15° above 
the southern horizon, running from ESE. to WNW., and an elliptical corona continuing towards 
the zenith with its greatest diameter E. and W., the rays changing position rapidly at short inter- 
nals (brightness 2). There was still a corona of the same form at 12.15, but paler (0 to 1) and 
quiet, brightest in the W., and fading in the E., occupying Cancer, Lynx and Camelopardalis in 
the N. and Leo Minor, Canes Venatici and Hercules in the S. It was broad daylight at the next 
observation. A magnetic disturbance of considerable violence began about 5 a. m. and continued 
all night (local), reaching its maximum about 12 m. (Washington time). 

Fcbrxiary 7, 18S3, 12.15 a. m. to 1 a. m. — The sky was hazy during tbe early part of the evening, 
but a faint arch was discernable at 12.15 a. m. in the NE. from ESE. to NNW., with its crown at an 
altitude of about 30°. There were also traces at 1 a. m., but after this the sky became overcast 
and the weather cloudy and no more aurora was seen. The magnetic needles were but little dis- 
turbed, although the intensity was very small. 

February 8, 1SS3, 3 a. ?». to 10.15 a. m. — Traces of a low arch were observed in the NE. at 3 a. 
in,, somewhat obscured by haze, and at 3.15 this arch had risen so as to pass from WNW. to ESE. 
through Cygnus, Lyra (a-), Corona Borealis, Bootes and Coma Berenices. At 4 a. m. a zone, not 
very .broad and rather hazy (brightness 1), had its starting points ESE. and NW. in Virgo and 
Pegasus, with its western edge running through Leo, Minor, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, Cassio- 
peia and Andromeda, and its western through Leo Cancer Gemini, Taurus, Aries and Triangulum. 
This was somewhat narrower and less hazy at 1.15. At 5.15 a broad, yellowish, quiet baud (bright- 
ness 1) ran from NW. in Pegasus to ESE. in Coma Berenices and Bootes, the eastern edge through 
Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Canes Venatici and Bootes, the western through Lacerta, Cassiopeia, Ursa 
Minor, and Ursa Major. At G.15 the main band, waving slightly, ran through Pegasus, Andro- 
meda, Cassiopeia, Camelopardalis, Ursa Major, Coma Berenices and Bootes, with a small secondary 
band from Lacerta through Cygnus, Draco, and Bootes (brightness of all, 1 to 2). At 7.15 there was 
only a faint band (brightness to 1) through Virgo, Leo, Cancer, Gemini and Taurus, and at 8.15 
merely traces around the southern horizon. At 9 a. m. a belt of streamers (brightness 2), about 20° 
long, white, and quiet, encircled the entire horizon, and at an average altitude of about 10°. At 
9.15 there was an arch from the SE. to SW. with its crown at an altitude of about 40° above the 
southern horizon, and a broad striated band starting from the same point in the SE. and running 
to the NW., including Ursa Major in the S. and Cassiopeia in the N., with an arch of short rays, 
centering towards the zenith, starting from the NW. end of the band and running through the 
Pleiades, Aries, Andromeda, Cygnus and Sagitta. All were white and quiet (brightness 2). At 
10.15 there was a white, quiet, diffused arch from the ESE. to WNW., with its crown at an altitude 
of about 15° above the southern horizon, with an arch of streamers from E. to NNW., through 
Cygnus, Ursa Minor,^!amelopardalis and Taurus, slowly changing in form (brightness 2). The 
arch was in the same place at 11.15, but paler (brightness to 1) and there were a few faint streamers 
in the E. and NW. The magnetic intensity still continued low, and there Avas a slight disturbance, 
lasting from S a. m. to about 1 p. in. 

February 10, 1883, '8 a. «»,. to 11.15 a. m. — The violent storm having moderated about 8 a. m. 
(3 p. m. local), a quiet band was visible through the haze, passing through Leo, Cancer, Gemini 
and Taurus (brightness to 1). At 9.15 traces were visible in the SW., and at 10.15 there were 
IT. Ex. 44 54 



426 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

observed through the k&ze a few traces of auroral streamers, white and quiet. At 11.15 there was 
a definite baud, white ami quiet (brightne&s 1), running about E. and W. through Lyra, Draco 
and Ursa Major. Daylight began before the next observation. The magnetic needles were con- 
siderably agitated during the whole night, making large oscillations, but there was no regular 
disturbance. 

February 11, 1S83, 1 a. m, to 11.15 a. in. — At about 8 p. m. local time (1 to 1.15 a. in., Washing- 
ton) there were faint traces in the E. in the form of a low, pale arch. At 2 a. m. there was a pale, 
vertical streak in the ESE. which developed at 2.15 into an irregular band (brightness to 1) 
sinuous in the ESE., from ESE. in Leo to the NNW. in Cygnus, through Leo {ft), Coma Berenices, 
Canes Venatici (a), Bootes (A), Hercules and Lyra. This band was hardly changed at 3 a. in., 
having merely moved a trifle higher so as to pass through the tail of TJrsa Major, and at 3.15 it 
was fading, leaving merely the part south of the magnetic meridian. At 1 a. in. a rather broad, 
sinuous band (brightness 1) crossed the zenith from the ESE. in Virgo to the NW. in Andromeda, 
through Leo, Coma Berenices, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor and Cassiopeia. At 
4.15 this had become a narrow zone, broadest in the ESE., with the same starting points, but pass- 
ing west of the zenith through Draco and Cepheus, waving slowly near the zenith and drifting 
westward. This developed into a very broad and bright zone between the observations, diminish- 
ing to a band at 5.15, and passing through Pegasus, Andromeda, Perseus* Auriga, Ursa Major 
and Leo Minor (brightness 1). At G.15 a similar band ran through Pegasus, Lacerta, Cygnus, 
Draco, Corona Borealis and Bootes. At 7.15 a paler band (brightness to 1) passed through 
Aries, Taurus, Orion, Gemini, Cancer and Leo, but at 8.15 there were merely traces over the south- 
ern horizon. At 9.15 there was a quiet white arch (brightness 1) from the SE. to NW., with its 
crown at an altitude of about 15° from the southern horizon, with streamers at the SE. end of the 
arch in Corona Borealis and iu the NE. in Cygnus, Vulpecula and Lacerta. The arch had risen a 
little at 10.15, and reached to the NNW. At the same time the entire southern half of the shy 
was filled with a diffuse light (brightness to 1) and pale streamers (brightness to 1) forming a 
corona and occupying Taurus, Gemini, Camelopardalis, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Lacerta 
and Cygnus. At 11.15 the greater portion of the sky between the zenith and the southern horizon 
was filled with nearly parallel bands (brightness to 1) running ESE. and WNW. from horizon 
to horizon. There was a slight magnetic disturbance from 10 to 11 a. m. 

February 13, 1SS3, 9.15 a. m. to 10.15 a. m. — Though the early part of the evening was clear, it 
became cloudy by 2 a. m., local time, but the sky was partially clear at 9.15 and 10.15 (Washington). 
At the first observation faint traces, with slight motion, slowly shifting, were visible near the zenith 
and in the NW., and at the latter faint traces could be seen through the haze and clouds. The 
needles were but slightly disturbed. 

February 14, 1883, 4.15 «. in. to 8.15 a. in. — It w ? as cloudy and snowing up to about 11 p. in., 
local time (Washington, 4 to 4.15 a. in.), when it began to clear, remaining clear till 9 a. m. (Wash- 
ton). At 4 to 4.15, while the stars were still mostly obseured, a zone, apparently very broad and 
rather bright, was seen crossing the zenith through the clouds and haze. At 5.15 a band with 
motionless streamers (brightness to 1) ran through Pegasus, Cygnus, Cepheus, Draco, and Ursa 
Major. At 0.15 there was a short baud (brightness to 1) through Leo and Cancer and a few 
patches of light in Gemini, Auriga, and Pisces. At 7.15 and 8.15 a. m. there were merely faint 
traces in the S. There was a moderate magnetic disturbance at 9 and 10 a. m. 

February 15, 18S3, 8.15 a. in. to 10.15 a. m. — Most of the night was cloudy, but it was clear from 
Still daylight. Faint traces of aurora were seen at the zenith and in the NE. at 8.15 a. m., and at 
10.15 a. m. there was a white and quiet arch (brightness 1), with rays centering towards the zenith, 
occupying Hercules, Ursa Minor, and Gemini. It was broad daylight at the next observation. 
There was no magnetic disturbance. ^ 

February 1G, 1S83, 2 a. in. to 11.15 a. m.— At 2 a. m. there was a pale arch in the E., starting 
low m Leo in the ESE., passiug through ft Leonis, Coma Berenices, the corner of Canes Venatici, 
Bootes {(i), and Hercules, fading near a Lyra', with a lower branch from the same starting point 
reaching « Bootes (brightness to 1). This had become slightly irregular and not so high at 2.15, 
and remained in nearly the same place, but was faded to traces at 3 to 3.15. The sky was clouded 
at 4 a. in. with patches of fleecy cloud, which cleared away at 4.15, paitly exposing a bioad broken 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 427 

zone of many bands (brightness to 1) apparently covering most of the sky. The sky was again 
partially cloudy at the next observation, and traces only were visible. At G.15 one band with 
streamers in rapid vibration from W. to E. passed through Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, 
Lynx, and .Draco, while a second band, wholly of streamers in rapid motion, ran from Leo to 
Gemini, with a few patches in Virgo and Bootes (brightness 1 to 2). At 7.15 a qniet baud (bright- 
ness 1) crossed the zenith from Hercules through Draco, Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, Auriga, 
and Taurus. There were nothing but traces at 8.15, nor was any observed for two observations, 
though the sky was clear, but at the next two observations traces were observed near the zenith 
at 10.15 and in the STV. at 11.15. At the next hour it was daylight. There was a slight magnetic 
disturbance at 10 a. m. 

February 17, 1883, 3 a. m. to 5 a. m. — The weather was cloudy till 9 a. in., local (3 a. m. Wash- 
ington), when the clouds cleared away, leaving the sky covered with haze, through which a some- 
what sinuous baud was visible (brightness apparently 1), crossing the zenith from near the horizon 
NNW. and ESE. This had broadened into a zone at 3.15 with one bright streak (brightness 1 to 
2) in the NW. Most of the stars were obscured. At 4 the sky was much clearer, and there was 
an arched band (brightness 1 to 2) from the NNW. in Pegasus to E. by S. in Virgo, through Cyguus 
(e), Lyra (just below <r), Hercules, Serpens, and Bootes. At 4.15 it was paler (brightness 1), and 
growing double from the eastern end. It began to cloud again at 5, so that traces only were 
visible. There Avas a considerable magnetic disturbance between 8 a. m. and 1 p. m., reaching its 
maximum at 11 to 12. 

February 18, 18S3, 11.15 a. m. to "'.. — The weather was cloudy all night, but traces of aurora 

were visible through the clouds at 11.15 a. m. The magnetic needles were A'ery quiet. 

February 20, 1883, 8 a. m. to 9.15 a. m. — The weather was cloudy most of the night, but cleared 
away sufficiently at 8 to 8.15 and 9 to 9.15 a. m. (3 and 4 a. m. local) to allow aurora to be seen. 
This consisted of traces merely at the first observation, but at the second of two quiet bands 
(brightness to 1), one from Auriga through Perseus to Cassiopeia, and the other from Andromeda 
through Pegasus to Delphinus. The magnetic needles were considerably disturbed from 4 to 11 
a. m., the disturbance reaching its maximum at 7. 

February 21 and 22, 1SS3, 11.45 p. m. to 11.15 a. m. — The twilight had not completely faded at 
7.30 p. m. (11.45, Washington), when a twisted streak tinged with yellow was observed crossing the 
zenith from NW. to SE. (brightness to 1). By 12.15 a. m. this was reduced to a bunch of stream- 
ers in Cygnus and Lyra, and a faint band through Lyra ? Hercules, and Ursa Major, and had wholly 
disappeared at 1 a. m. At 1.15 shifting, twisted streaks and bands of streamers with considerable 
motion (brightness to 1), tinged with yellow and rose, appeared in the N., occupying Lyra, Cygnus, 
Cepheus, and Draco. xVt 2 a. m. a very pale band ran from Cygnus (a) in NNW. through Draco 
and Ursa Major (a), ending in the moonlight ESE., and was wholly gone at 2.15. At 3 a. m. there 
was a pale band west of the zenith, from the NW., in Pegasus, through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, 
Auriga, and Gemini. This was replaced at 3.15 by a similar band in nearly the same position as 
the one observed at 2 a. m. Traces merely were observed at 4 to 4.15. At 5 two bands ran from 
Bootes and Virgo through Coma Berenices, Leo, Leo Minor, Gemini, and Auriga to Taurus, with 
bunches of slowly A'ibrating streamers in Bootes and Virgo (brightness to 1). Traces only were 
observed at and 8. At 9.15 there was a quiet arch (brightness to 1) in the S. from ESE. to 
WNW., with an altitude of about 15°, and a quiet, striated arch (brightness to 1) through Her- 
cules, Draco, and Gemini. At 10.17 a. m. the arch in the S. was unchanged, while a second similar 
arch about 10° to 15° in breadth ran from ESE. to SW., while a third arch ran from ENE. through 
Cyguus, Ursa Minor, and Lynx to Cancer, with streamers in the NE. and a luminous patch in 
Gemini (all brightness to 1). At 11.15 there was a well-defined yellow corona (brightness 2), 
quivering rapidly, occupying Cygnus, Hercules, Corona Borealis, Bootes, Canes Venatici, Leo 
Minor, Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor, also Auriga and Perseus. The needles were considerably 
disturbed all night, the disturbance reaching its maximum between 10 a. m. and 12 m. 

February 22, and 23, 1883, 1.55 p. in. to 8.15 a. m. — At 11.55 the aurora consisted of indistinct 
patches and streamers in the NE., which at 12.15 a. m. had developed into a faint corona, center- 
ing in Camelopardalis. It was made of shifting streamers, which were short, except in the NW. 
and SE. At 1 there was a broad, highly modified zone occupying large parts of the sky, made up 



428 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 

of twisted streaks, angular curtains and streamers, with some motion (brightness mostly 1, reach- 
ing 2 in some places). Two hands were well defined, one on the eastern edge from Leo through 
Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Draco, Ursa Minor and Draco again to Lyra, and the other on the west- 
ern edge through Cancer, Canis Minor, Gemini, /S Tauri, Perseus, and Andromeda. The zone had 
moved toward the W. at 1.15 and was not so well defined, while a band of indistinct shifting cur- 
tains ran from Orion's belt to Canis Minor (a) and curving back to ft Tauri. At 2 a. m. a broad 
band ran from the ESE. in Hydra through Leo, Leo Minor, Lynx and Ursa Major, Camelopard- 
alis, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, and Andromeda to NW. in Pegasus. This was constantly changing 
its shape with rapid, twisting, whirling, and waving motion, shifting also from E. to W. and back 
again. It was tinged with shifting colors, pale green and rose (brightness 2 to 3). There were 
also quieter bands from the same starting points lying towards the SW., the lowest passing through 
the Hyades. The main aurora had faded to traces at 2.15, leaving large patches of luminous haze, 
while a narrow band (brightness 2) ran from Pegasus through Cygnus, Lyra (a), and Bootes (a). 
At 3 a. m. a narrow, twisted, shifting baud, composed partly of streamers, passed close to the ze- 
nith from E., low in Bootes, through the tail of Ursa Major, Draco, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Cassi- 
opeia, and Andromeda to the NW. in Pegasus (brightness 1 to 2), with two pale arched bands in 
the SW., the lower from Pegasus, through Aries, Taurus (a), the head of Orion and Canis Minor 
(«), ending in the moonlight SE. It was much faded and broken at 3.10. At 1 a. m. there was 
a similar band, tinged with green and rose, starting high in the 3STW. in Perseus, passing- 
through Auriga (<?) Lynx, Leo Minor, and Coma Berenices, ending in the ESE., shifting and wav- 
ing. 4.15 found it broken and shifting, passing through (a) Auriga?, with some ill-defined patches 
and bands in the SW. Traces only were observed in the SE. at 5, and no more Avas seen till S.15, 
when a rapidly waving band ran from Taurus through Auriga, Gamelopardalis, and Ursa Minor 
to Bootes (brightness 1 to 2). The needles were considerably disturbed from 11 p. m. to 10 a. m., 
the greatest disturbance being at 2 a. m. 

February 23 and 21, 18S3, 11.55 ]). m. to 11.17 a. m. — When the aurora was first noticed, shortly 
before midnight, Washington time (0.40 local), it was in the form of two faint, slightly arched 
bands in the NE. about 30° above the horizon. At 12.15 it was an arch of fine streamers, with its 
extremities bearing NW. by N. and ESE., and its altitude about 30° (brightness 1). This band 
was essentially unchanged in character and position at 1 a, m., with an additional hazy band 
(brightness 1), from nearly the same starting points, passing through Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, 
Draco, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, and Cygnus. This had disappeared at 1.15 to 1.20, leaving the first 
band, which had become more compact and brighter (brightness 1 to 2). At 2 a. m. there was a 
regular arch (brightness 1) from the ESE. in Virgo to the MW. near ft Cygni, through Coma 
Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Hercules, and Lyra (a). This was fading rapidly at 2.15 to 
2.20. There was no aurora at 3 or -1, though faint and fugitive traces were noticed between the 
two hours. At 1.15 there were faint traces in E. and a band (brightness to 1) from IW. in Pe- 
gasus through Andromeda, Perseus, and Auriga. From 5 to 5.20 a. m. there was a yellowish zone 
(brightness 1 to 2) with the bauds in rapid waving motion from Orion to Bootes and Serpens 
through Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major, and Canes Yenatici. From 6 to 0.20 there was a baud of 
streamers (brightness to 1) vibrating rapidly from W. to E., running through Perseus, Cassiopeia, 
Cepheus, Cygnus, Lyra, and Hercules. At 7.20 and 8.20 traces only were observed, and also at 
9.17, when they were in the SE., white and shifting. At 10.17 there were curtains from NNW. to 
ESE., with streamers in Leo Minor. All were white, with occasional tinges of green and yellow, 
and changing form and position very rapidly. At 11.17 there were faint traces near the zenith, 
with faint streamers in the W. The needles were more or less agitated all night, the disturbance 
being extreme at 8 a. m., 9 to 9.30 a. m., and 2 to 2.40 p. m. 

February 25, 1S83, 12.15 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — The aurora began as a faint bunch of streamers 
in the SE. at 12.15, and at 1 a. m. had developed into four bands of ill-defined curtains, forming 
a sort of zone in the SW., with its starting points NW. in Pisces and ESE. in Hydra, the upper- 
most passing through Triangulum, Perseus, Auriga, Gemini, Cancer, and Leo, the lowest through 
Canis Minor, Orion, and Taurus, with slight waving motion (biMghtuess 1). It had the same general 
character at 1.15 to 1.20, but was rather lower. From 2 to 2.] 5 it was nearly in the same position, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 429 

but tlic curtains were shifting and turning into bauds (brightness 2 to 3). The lowest band begin- 
ning as a patch of curtains just above Sirius, and finally formed an arch (2.20), made up of short, 
ill-defined streamers, quivering slightly (brightness 3), rather brightly colored, green, yellow, and 
rose, passing just above Sirius and through ft Ononis. The curtains broke partially into streamers 
and moved up towards the zenith, having developed at 3 a. m. into an elongated corona (bright- 
ness!), centering towards the zenith, with its lougest diameter NE. and SE., nearly reaching the 
horizon at these points, the other streamers reaching as low as Arcturus iu the NW, and Alde- 
barau in the SW. The streamers were uucolored and shifting. For the next half hour there was 
no definite arrangement of aurora, but the sky was covered with sinuous bands and scattered 
streamers all constantly changing position and brightness, the bands, as a rule, at right angles to 
the magnetic meridian, mostly E. of the zenith. At 4 a. in there were two or three broad shifting 
bands (brightness 1 to 2) from the SSE. in Virgo, spreading out through Leo and TJrsa Major, 
forming an irregular corona at the zenith about 00° in width, with two paler bands from the same 
starting points along the SW. horizon through Canis Minor and Orion, ending in Taurus, W. 
The corona had changed at 4.15 into a broad, shifting zone, ending in NW. iu Taurus, with consid- 
erable waving motion in the NW. From 5 to 5.20 there was a broad band of waving curtains in 
the NE. from Pegasus through Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, and Corona Borealis (brightness 1 
to 2). From G to G.20 there were two yellowish bands (brightness 1 to 2) in the SW. through Taurus,' 
Orion, Auriga, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and Coma Berenices. Traces only were observed at the next 
observation. At 8 to S.20 a faint band (brightness to 1) ran from Auriga through Lynx, Ursa 
Major, Canis Venatici, and Bootes, and the last faint traces were seen at 9.17 a. m. There was 
considerable disturbance all night. 

February 25 and 2G, 11.45^. m. to 10.20 a. m. — At 11.15 p. m. there was a regular arch in the ^E., 
with its extremities bearing ESE. and NW., with its crown about 40° iu altitude (brightness to 
1), remaining in the same position at 12. At 12.15 it was rising in altitude and had become brighter 
(1 to 2) in the NW., where it was tinged with rose, and sent up rather long streamers. From 1 to 
1.20 the arch was of the same character, but lower, passing through Hercules, Corona Borealis, 1 
and Bootes (above «), ending in Virgo, with streamers in Cygnus (brightness 2 to 3). The arch 
was shifting, and tinged with green, yellow, and rose. At 2 a. m. there was a rather broad zone 
(brightness 2), with the starting points NNW. in Pegasus and ESE. in Crater, occupying Leo, 
Leo Minor, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, and 
Andromeda. This had drifted west at 2.15, leaving only a faint band iu its original position, 
while the zone now passed through the square of Pegasus, the Pleiades, Perseus, Gemini, and 
Cancer. This began to grow twisted in the E. and developed into curtains which rapidly increased 
in brightness (brightness 3), showing some color beginning to whirl and spread toward the zenith 
and eastward. When this was reached the motion became very rapid, and the aurora formed a 
sort of spiral corona, made up of bands of curtains, centering round the zenith and covering nearly 
the whole sky. This moved last, and in fifteen minutes was reduced to large hazy patches, with 
bright streaks in the NE. At 3 a. m. there was a short arch (brightness 2 to 3) from the E. low in 
Bootes to NNW. in Cygnus, through e and ft Cygni, Hercules, and Corona Borealis. A second 
arch appeared above this at 3.15, when both were broken into fine streamers, which shifted and 
developed into homogeneous bands again before 3.20. At 4 a. in. there were bunches of streamers 
(brightness 2) in the place of the arch at the last observation, with traces of a very faint zone 
across the zenith. From 4.15 to 4.20 there were only traces in the E. and SE., with much diffused 
luminosity all over the sky. From 5 to 5.20 there were only traces again in the S. No more was 
seen till 7 a. m., when there was a belt of waving bands through Taurus, Orion, Gcmiui, Leo, Ursa 
Major, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, and Bootes, from NW. to SE., with a band of streamers 
(brightness 1 to 2) running N. to SE. through Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Hercules^ 
Corona Borealis, and Bootes, vibrating rapidly from W. to E. Traces alone were observed in the SE. 
from 8 to 8.20. At 10.20 there was a faint white arch across the zenith from the SE. to NW. There 
was no marked disturbance of the needle tiU 1 p. m., when it was violent, but of short duration. 

February 27, 1883, 12.15 a. m. to 10.17 p. m. — The weather cleared between 12 and 1 a. m., dis- 
closing an arch (brightness 1 to 2), partly obscured by clouds in the NE., passing through Arcturus 
and a Corona? Borealis, with streamers beginning to develop at 1.20 in and above Cygnus. At 2 



430 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

a. m. two or three broad sinuous bauds were to be seeu through the haze crossing the zenith from 
NW. to SE., oue through Cassiopeia and one through Ursa Major. From 2.15 to 2.20 there was a 
zone of broad bands east of the zenith, partially obscured, especially near the horizon, coming up 
through Leo, with the upper band through Ursa Major and Bootes (a) (brightness apparently 1 to 
2). At 3 a. m. there was a zone of broad bands with the starting points alone obscured in the KNW. 
and ESE., occupying Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Draco, Ursa Minor, Oy gnus, and Laeerta (bright- 
ness 1 to 2). Prom 3.15 to 3.20 it was brighter (brightness 2) and west of the zenith, occupying 
Andromeda, Triangulum, Aries, Taurus, Perseus, Auriga, Gemini, and Aries. At 4 a. in. nearly 
the whole sky was covered with broad, shifting, sinuous, hazy bands running generally NW. and 
SE. (brightness 1), with some brighter streaks (brightness 2) in the E: This had all condensed at 
4.15 to 4.20 into a broad arched band (brightness 2) in the NE. from Virgo to Pegasus, passing 
through Bootes, Serpens, Hercules, Lyra, and Cygnus, sending up streamers in the IW. and de- 
veloping into a sort cf zone. Prom 5 to 5.20 there was a quiet baud (brightness to 1) running 
through Taurus, Orion, Canis Minor, and Leo into Virgo. Traces only were seen at the next ob- 
servation, but from 7 to 7.20 there was a quiet band (brightness to 1) through Cassiopeia, Cepheus, 
Draco, Hercules, and Bootes. A slightly waving band at S to 8.20 ran through Orion, Gemini, 
Cancer, Lynx, Ursa Major, and Leo (brightness 1). At 9.17 a. m. there was a white, quiet arch 
over the southern horizon from SE. to WJW,, with the crown at an altitude of about 15° and 
a broad, quiet, irregular band from the E. through Lacerta, Cepheus, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and 
Lynx to Cancer (brightness 1). At 10.17 there was a corona elongated from ESE. to WISfW., occu- 
pying Sagitta, Hercules, Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, and Gemini in the E., S., and W. It 
underwent a slow, constant change of form and position (brightness 1). There were also long 
streamers in Lacerta, Andromeda, Triangulum, Perseus, and Arius, and a broad, luminous band 
near the horizon from the S. to SW. The magnetic needles were considerably disturbed all night. 

February 28, 18S3, 1.15 a. m. to 5.20 a. m. — The sky was covered all night with clouds, which 
at intervals broke away and became hazy enough to allow some of the stars to be seen. Between 
1 aud 2 a. m. bright bands in pretty active motion could be seen through the clouds, particularly 
in the SE. and NW., where there was a bright loop with its convexity towards the zenith. At 2 a. m. 
a band of bright curtains, waving rapidly, could be seen through the clouds in the NE., at an alti- 
tude of about 30°. Prom 2.15 to 2.20 there were twisted streaks and streamers from the NW. to 
SE., and partial coronas, bright and shifting, seen through the clouds. Bands could be seen 
through the clouds in the SW., which were less obscured from 4.15 to 4.20, so that the upper was 
observed to pass through a-Leonis, aOrionis, and rvTauri. This faded rapidly, while a zone ob- 
scured by the haze developed from the SE. towards the zenith. The clouds then thickened up so 
that traces only were seen in the S. at 5 to 5.20. The needles were disturded violently all night. 

February 28 and March 1, 1883, 11.30 .p. m. to 10.40 a. m.— The sky cleared off while the twilight 
was still bright, and only the large stars were visible, and there appeared a bright aurora, proba- 
bly a continuation of yesterday's, as when first seen it crossed the zenith. It was a yellowish, 
twisted band, which ran from the ESE. to WjSTW,, and appeared shifting and agitated, developing 
gradually into a broad zone, while at 12.15, when the shy was dark enough for proper observation, 
occupied Cancer, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor, Auriga, Andromeda, and Pegasus, and was in rapid 
motion (brightness 2). At 1.15 to 1.20 the zone was west of the zenith and somewhat obscured by 
clouds aud haze, especially' at the starting points. It was observed to pass through Gemini, Au- 
riga, Perseus, and Andromeda (brightness 2), shifting and waving. At 3 to 3.15 it had subsided 
to quiet bands (brightness 1) from Leo through Canis Minor, Orion, Taurus, and Aries. At 4.17 
there was a quiet arch over the southern horizon from SE. to BW., with its crown at an altitude 
of about 18° or 20°, aud a zone of broad bands from the SE. to NW., occupying most of the sky 
between Cygnus and Lynx, and drifting slowly towards the W. (brightness of all 3). Traces only 
in the N. and W. were visible at the uext hour. At 6.17 there was a zone of broad bauds (bright- 
ness 3 to 4) from NW. to SE., stretching in width between Ursa Major and Cygnus, rapidly chang- 
ing form and position, and bounded on the SW. edge by a broad curtain, passing through Serpens, 
Bootes, Corona Borealis, Leo Minor, aud Gemini, vibrating rapidly in both directions, and showing 
brilliant pink, green, and yellow, with also a broad, quiet band from the Pleiades to Cygnus, near 
the; northern horizon. At 7 to 7.20 there was a band of rapidly vibrating streamers (brightness 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA, 431 

to 2) from Andromeda through Cassiopeia, Cygnus, Lyra, and Draco to Canes Venatici, and 
another waving band from Cygnus through Lyra, Hercules, Corona Borealis, and Bootes to Leo. 
This had subsided to traces in the E., S., and W. at the next liour. Waving bands (brightness 
to 1) stretched through Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Auriga, Ursa Major, Leo Minor, Leo, and Cancer, 
at 9 to 9.20. , At 10.17 there were faint traces near the southern horizon and pale streamers in the 
E., and the last traces were seen about 10.40 fading in the dawn. Yesterday's magnetic disturb- 
ance continued with uninterrupted violence. 

March 1 and 2, 1SS3, 11.45 p. m. to 11.17 a. m. — The aurora appeared to be fully developed as 
soon as it grew dark, and was probably a continuation of yesterday's aurora. It first appeared as 
two streaming bands, starting near the horizon (southeast) and reaching nearly to the zenith. At 
12 midnight two parallel bands of curtains crossed the zenith from SE. to NW. At 12.15 these 
were reduced to bunches of faint streamers in the SE. and NW., which soon rose and developed 
into curtains across the zenith. At 1 a. m. there was a narrow band of waving curtains (bright- 
ness 1), starting in Virgo, E. by S., running through the sickle of Leo and doubling back through 
Leo Minor, Ursa Major (a and ft), Draco and Cygnus (a), with hazy bands spreading from Pegasus 
up through Cassiopeia to the zenith. At 1.15 to 1.20 these had developed into a broad shifting 
zone, edged with curtains (brightness 2 to 3), starting ESE. in Leo and NW. in Pegasus ; in 
breadth extending from a Airriga? to ft Ursre Majoris. At 2 a. in., rising from the same starting 
points, bands (brightness 1) and curtains (brightness 2) covered the whole sky from the eastern 
horizon to Auriga. The whole was constantly shifting, and brightest near the zenith, where it 
formed a sort of elliptical corona. At 2.20 this was reduced to one main band in the NE. from 
Pegasus NW. to Virgo ESE. through Cygnus (a), Lyra (a-), Corona Borealis and Bootes («), and 
indefinite (0 to 1) bands spreading up from each end towards the zenith. The band soon devel- 
oped into three, the middle the brightest, and colored especially with a pink approaching salmon 
color. It was in rapid lateral motion from the W. and all was changing rapidly. At 3 a. m. it 
was reduced to a few bands low in the NE. At 3.15 to 3.20 there was a band of curtains, making 
a loop in the NW., coming up from Pisces through Andromeda, Cyguus and Lyra, with other 
indistinct bands in the E. The loop rose and became a twisted band across the zenith, with tinges 
of the usual colors. At 4 a. m. most of the sky was covered with streaks (brightness 1 to 2) aud 
broad hazy bands radiating from near the horizon in the NW. and SE. At 4.15 there was a 
diverging sheaf of bands in the NW. in Pisces, Triangulum and Taurus, and a broad baud along 
the northern horizon to a Lyras and then sweeping up almost in a circle through Draco, Ursa 
Minor, Leo Minor, and Leo to Virgo in the E. by S. and drifting rapidly westward (brightness 1 
to 2). At 3 to 3.20 there were two bands (brightness 2 to 3), the upper quiet and the lower with 
streamers vibrating rapidly from W. to E., changing color from rose to yellow and green, running 
from Taurus through Orion, Canis Minor, Gemini, Cancer, Leo Minor, Leo, Coma Berenices aud 
Bootes to Virgo, from NW. to SE. At to 0.20 there were two quiet bands (brightness to 1), 
one from Serpens through Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, Cancer, Auriga, Taurus, and Aries, and 
the other from Andromeda through Cygnus and Hercules, with detached patches in Canes Ve- 
natici, Ursa Major and Camelopardalis. Traces only were observed at the next two hours. A t 9.17 
there was an extensive gone (brightness to 1), running E. and W., about 50° broad, drifting slowly 
southward, with an irregular band near the SW. horizon from W. to SSW., and quiet streamers 
(brightness to 1) in Auriga, Perseus, Triangulum, Andromeda, Pegasus and Vulpeeula. Traces 
only were seen at the next two observations in the SW. and N. at 10.17, and in the form of a 
shifting corona, fading in the dawn at 11.17. The magnetic disturbance still continued. 

March 2 and 3, 1883, 11.45 _p. in. to 10.17 a. m.— The. twilight was so bright that only the largest 
stars were visible when the aurora was first seen. It began with streamers in the SE., which soon 
developed into a twisted band across the zenith. At 12.15 the waving band was in the same posi- 
tion (brightness 2 to 3), yellowish green in color and tinged with rose, and soon broke into four 
bands, extending 40° each side of the zenith. At 1 a. m. a moderately wide zone (brightness 1 to 2) 
crossed the zenith, starting ESE. in Leo and NW. in Pegasus, extending in width from a Aurigaa 
to a Ursae Majoris, while two outlying bands from the same starting points (brightness 2) ran 
through Canes Venatici, Ursa Major (;/), Corona Borealis, Bootes, Draco, Lyra, and Cygnus. The 
whole was narrower and fading at 1.15 to 1.20. It was brightest near the stalling points and 



432 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

drifted eastward, much obscured by clouds. At 2 a.m. a zoue about G0° broad, crossing the zenith 
from SE. to NW., was visible through the thin clouds (brightness apparently 1 to 2). At 2.15 to 
2.20 the shy was clearer, though the starting points were still obscured. The shifting bands were 
all west of the zenith, the crown of the lowest passing through a Tauri. A hazy band was propa- 
gating rather rapidly from the SE., and the whole faded quickly and brightened up again. At 
2.45 these bands in the W. were still pale, but somewhat convoluted. Suddenly the whole shot up 
to the zenith with lightning rapidity, burning very bright (3 to 4), and developing exceedingly 
rapid motion, both waving and whirling, with rapid changes of color and brightness. It passed 
the zenith in about two minutes, forming a semi-corona, first on the west side and then on the east. 
The motion was mostly from the NW., and the colors, though delicate, were exceedingly bright. 
They were apple-green, pale yellow, and rose-pink, in the usual order, the latter especially beau- 
tiful. In less than five minutes the motion subsided and the aurora faded, leaving the sky nearly 
covered with hazy, spiral, and sinuous bands (brightness mostly 1, some brightness 2), appearing 
to start from the SE. and 3STW., forming a sort of vortex round the zenith, circling and waving 
slowly, as it was seen at the 3 a. m. observation. At 3.15 to 3.20 there was in addition a bright 
loop in the NW,, seen through the clouds, which gradually shifted and faded, breaking into lumi- 
nous patches. At 4 a. m. all was gone except a bright glow in the NE. showing through the cloudsj 
which at 4.15 to 4.20 could be seen to be an arched baud. A shifting broad zone (brightness to 1) 
covered most of the sky, and began to develop spirals in the X. At 5 to 5.20 a slowly- waving band 
(brightness 1 to 2) ran from Triangulum through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, TJrsa Minor, 
Draco, and Bootes. Traces only were seen at the next observation. At 7 to 7.20 a belt of quiet 
bands (brightness to 1) ran from Taurus through Auriga, Gemini, Lynx, TJrsa Major, Leo Minor, 
Canes Venatici, and Coma Berenices to Yirgo. Only traces were seen at 8. At 9.17 there was a 
broad arch from the NW. to SE., with its crown at an altitude of about 18°, and a broad, irregular, 
striated arch from the SE. to NNW. through Lyra, Draco, TJrsa Major, Lynx, and Gemini (all 
brightness to 1). This had faded to traces at 10.17. This aurora was probably a continuation 
of last night's, as it appeared highly developed at dark, and the magnetic disturbance still contin- 
ued, though its violence was greatly abated. 

March 4, 18S3, 12.15 a. m. to 10.17 a. m. — Before the twilight was faded there was a faint 
arch in the NE., whose extremities bore ESE. and N TV., with its crown at an altitude of about 20°. 
At 1 a. m. there was a regular arched, band (brightness 1) in the NE. from ESE. in Leo through 
Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Hercules, Lyra, and Cyguus, with streamers in Cygnus, 
which had developed at 1.15 into the upper band of a zone of three bands, passing through ?/ 
Ursa? Majoris. At 2 a. m. there was an extensive zone (brightness 1 to 2) starting ESE. in Leo 
and MW. in Pegasus, with its eastern bands in the position of the aurora last noted, and the 
main body of the zone crossing the zenith, going only 3° or 4° west of Polaris. Here it began to 
wave and circle, while the band through i] TJrsa^ Majoris was now made up of short streamers, 
vibrating rapidly from E. to W., and slightly tinged with the usual colors. At 2.15 the main 
position still circling had reached a Aurigas in the W., and the belt of streamers had become a 
broad sinuous band in rapid serpentine motion from the SE., again breaking into longer streamers, 
vibrating from NW. to SE. The westeru portion faded out in about five minutes, while the eastern 
subsided to quiet bands (brightness 1). At 3 a. m. nearly the whole sky was covered with hazy 
zoue bands (brightness to 1) from a Lyrre to Orion's belt, thinnest near the zenith and most nu- 
merous in the W. At 3.15 to 3.20 these were condensed to a broad shifting band (brightness 2) from 
Leo (/3) in the ESE. to Pegasus in theNW. through y and /( Leouis, Leo Minor, Lynx, Auriga, Per- 
seus, and Andromeda. At 4 a. m. there were two well-defined arched bands (brightness to 1) in the 
NE., the upper broad and the lower narrow, starting from Triangulum to Serpens through Pegasus, 
Cygnus (e and /?), and Hercules, with much diffused luminosity, reaching up to the zenith. At 
4.15 to 4.20 tke bands were twisted and broken, with a few pale streamers in the ESE., soon disap- 
pearing, and evanescent twisted streaks near the zenith. At 5 to 5.20 one band ran from Aries 
through Triangulum, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cygnus, Lyra, Draco, Hercules, and Serpens, and 
another short band from Taurus through Auriga and TJrsa Major (brightness to 1). At G to 
G.20 there were traces only in the S. At 7 to 7.20 a slowly waving band (brightness 1 to 2) ran 
from Taurus through Orion, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and Coma Berenices. At S to 8.20 there was a 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 433 

quiet baud from Pegasus through (Orion, Gemini, Caucer, Leo) 6, Oygnus, Aquila, and Serp eBS 
(brightness to 1). At 9.17 there was a diffused arch from the SE. to NSW., with its crown at 
uu altitude of about 20°, with faint streamers in the MW. At 10.] 7 there was a faint trace of 
an arch across the zenith from SE. to NW. Only slight magnetic disturbance was noticed. 

March 5, 18S3, 12.15 a. in. to 8.20 a. m. — At 12.15 (about 7 a. m. local) there was a faint arch in 
the NE., with its extremities bearing ESE. and NE., and the crown at an altitude of about 45°, 
with streamers in the NW. At 1 a. in. a broad twisted band (brightness 1 to 2), shifting and waving, 
crossed from ESE. in Leo to NNW. in Pegasus through Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Lynx, Ursa Minor, 
Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Lacerta. It had drifted west to Auriga and Gemini at 1.15 to 1.20, and 
was brighter (brightness 2), and gradually spread towards the E., beginning to gyrate in the SE. 
in indistinct curtains. At 2 a. m. there was a rather narrow zone, with some of the bands approach- 
ing the curtain form from nearly the same starting points, broadest from Q Ursa? Majoris nearly 
to a Auriga), with the bright portion mostly NE. of the zenith, and waving somewhat. It was 
broader at 2.15 to 2.20, and not so bright (brightness 1), and the bands were closer together, with 
less motion. At 3 there was a very broad zone (brightness 1 to 2) from nearly the same starting 
points, in width from a Lyra; and «Bootis to a Oanis Minoris and orTauri, brightest on the eastern 
edge and in the part west of the zenith, with a slight waving motion. At 3.15 to 3.20 the edges 
had faded and all was slowly fading except the extreme NE. bend. From 4 to 4.20 there were 
remains of the aurora (brightness to 1) in essentially the same position, which had nearly all 
faded, except the western band, at 4.20. At 5 to 5.20 a quiet band (brightness 2) ran through 
Taurus, Gemini, Orion, Cancer, Leo, Coma Berenices, and Bootes. At G to 0.20 a corona (bright- 
ness 1) covered nearly the whole sky, centering in Ursa Major, and in rapid motion. Faint traces 
of this still remained at 7 to 7.20, and traces were again seen in the NW. and SW. at S to 8.20. 
After this the weather became cloudy. The magnets were comparatively quiet all night. 

March G, 1883 ; 3 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — The aurora may have begun a little earlier, as there Avas a 
bank of hazy stratus clouds in the NE., but the first that could be recorded with certainty was at 
3 to 3.20, when there were ill-defined luminous patches in the E., partly obscured by clouds, fol- 
lowed by exceedingly faint vertical streaks, first one and then three, streaming up from the SE. 
towards the zenith with a better defined streamer close to the horizon in the MW. at 3.20. At 
about 3.40 these had developed into a band (brightness 1) from the clouds in the ESE., across the 
zenith to a Andromeda) in the MW., which broadened into a zone, and at 4 to 4.15 was reduced 
to hazy traces about 30° in width near the zenith. These gradually became brighter in the SE., 
streaming up through Leo (/3) to the zenith. At 5 to 5.20 only traces were observed, a little south 
of the zenith. At the next observation none was seen, but at 7 to 7.20 a quiet band (brightness 
to 1), from Taurus through Orion, Gemini, and Leo. At 8 to 8.20 a. m. there were traces in NW. 
and SW. At 9.17 there was au arch from NW. to SE., with its crown about 20° above the 
southern horizon and traces in the NNW. No more was seen after this, though the sky was clear, 
There was a slight magnetic disturbance, beginning at 9 a m. 

March 7, 1883, 12.15 a. m. to 10.17 a. m. — At 12.15 there were faint streamers in the E., which 
at 1 a. m. had developed into a twisted band of streamers (brightness 1), from ESE. in Hydra, 
through Leo, Lynx, Camelopardalis, and Cassiopeia, swinging round into Perseus somewhat in the 
form of a corona, with slight motion. The band was in the same position, with a well-defined 
semi-corona SW. of the zenith, reaching into Auriga and Gemini, with the band extending down 
into Andromeda NNW., the whole soon fading. At 2 to 2.20 there was an arch of shifting 
streamers (brightness to 1) in the SW., much obscured by haze and clouds, especially near the 
horizon, reaching an altitude of about 30°, and passing through Leo, Cancer, Gemini, and Taurus. 
At 3 a. m. there was a somewhat irregular corona, connected with the horizon by narrow streaks 
ESE. and NNW., and made of curtains (brightness 1 to 2) running round through Leo Minor, 
Lynx, Gemini, Taurus, Aries, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, and Ursa Major, surround- 
ing hazy curdled streaks (brightness to 1) about the zenith, with slight motion. At 3.15 to 
3.20 only the western portion remained, forming a sort of zone, combined with a semi-corona, and 
slowly shifting. At 4 there was merely an ill-defined arch of streamers in the SW., which at 4.15 
had become three or four shifting bands of curtains, flickering from the extremities towards the 
center (brightness 2 to 3), tinged slightly with the usual colors. This soon rose towards the 
H. Ex. 44 55 



434 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

zenith, at length forming a complete corona of curtains (brightness 1), elongated towards the 
horizon, and brighter (brightness 2) in ESE. and MW., with considerable motion at 4.20. At 5 
to 5.20 a band of streamers, in slow motion from W. to E., ran through Taurus, Auriga, Gemini, 
Cancer, Leo, and Virgo, with short, broad, quiet bands from Virgo through Bootes, Serpens, 
Corona Borealis, Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor, and Ursa Major (brightness 2 to 3). 
At G to G.20 a band (brightness 1) ran through Perseus, Cassiopeia, and Cygnus. At 7 to 7.20 
only traces near the zenith were seen. At 8 to S.20 there were several parallel bands in the S., 
15° to 50° above the horizon (brightness to 1). At 9.17 there was an arch in the S. (brightness 
to 1) from SE. to NW., with an altitude of about 20°, with faint curtains in the N. and NE. and 
a few faint streamers centering towards the zenith. At 10.17 traces of the arch still remained, 
and other traces in the W., N., and near the zenith. There was a magnetic disturbance from -4 
a. m. to 1 p. in., reaching its maximum at about 12 m. 

March 8, 1883, 12.15 a. in. to 9.17 a. m. — The aurora was first noticed at 12.15 (about 7 p. m. 
local), when the twilight was still bright, as a band crossing from SE. to NW,, passing about 20° 
SW. of zenith. In the next three observations there was much haze and hazy clouds, obscuring 
the stars. At 1 a. m. a broad shifting zone crossed the zenith from WW. to ESE., showing 
through the haze (brightness 1 to 2). At 1.15 to 1.20 it was narrower, and passed 15° to 20° SW. 
of the zenith. At 2 a. m. there showed through the hazy cloud in the SW. a regular arch (bright- 
ness 2), reaching an altitude of about 20°. This was gone at 2.15 to 2.20, and a hazy band crossed 
about 15° SW. of the zenith. At 3 a. m. there was a broad zone about 120° in width from SE. to 
NW. (brightness 1 to 3). It was brightest on the edges, especially in the W., where there was 
considerable motion and tinges of the usual colors, all obscured by the haze. At 3.15 to 3.20 it 
was mostly confined to the NW., where it formed bright shifting loops, with their convexity towards 
the zenith. At 4 a broad waving and shifting zone crossed the zenith (brightness 1 to 2) from a 
broad origin, MW. to FW. by N., to ESE., the starting points in Virgo and Andromeda, Trian- 
gulum and Aries, the eastern edge passing through Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, 
Ursa Minor, and Cassiopeia, and the western through Leo Minor, Lynx, Auriga, and Perseus, with 
an arched yellow band (brightness 2 to 3) to the NE. through Cygnus (a), Lyra (a), Corona Borealis, 
and Virgo. At 4.15 to 4.20 it was in nearly the same position, but fading and shifting. The east- 
ern edge of the zone appeared fimbriated. At 5 to 5.20 a slowly waving band (brightness 1 to 2) 
ran through Taurus, Auriga, Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, Bootes, Corona Borealis, 
and Draco. Traces only were observed at C to G.20. At 7 to 7.20 bands and patches (brightness 
to 1), without motion, covered the southern half of the sky. These had faded to mere traces near 
the southern horizon at 8 to 8.20. And traces only in the SW. and N. were seen at 9.17. None 
were seen at the next observation, but the sky then became cloudy, so that the end cannot be 
determined with certainty. A magnetic disturbance commenced about 3 a. m., and continued the 
rest of the night, reaching its greatest violence at about 9 a. m. 

March 9, 1S83, 1.15 a. m. to G.20 a. m. — Very early in the evening, while the twilight was still 
bright, a patch of aurora appeared in the SE. near the horizon, but soon disappeared, and no defi- 
nite aurora was seen till 1.15 to 1.20, when indistinct horizontal bands appeared in the NE., begin- 
ning gradually to develop in the ESE. At 2 a. m. a barely perceptible band crossed the zenith 
from ESE. to MW., through Leo, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, and Cassiopeia, and was in nearly 
the same place at 2.15 to 2.20,, beginning to shift a little towards the W. At 3 a hazy band (bright- 
ness 1) ran from the ESE. in Virgo to the MW. in Andromeda through Leo, Ursa Major (a and 
/?), Camelopardalis and Cassiopeia, which at 3.15 to 3.20 Avas paler, and sent a band through Cancer, 
Taurus, and Aries. At 4 a. m. there were merely traces in nearly the same position, but at 4.15 to 
4.20 there was a hazy band nearly 1 in brightness starting close to « Virginis in ESE. through S, 
Leo (/? and <J), Leo Minor, Lynx, Auriga, and Perseus, ending in a series of short, ill-defined streamers 
in Andromeda MW. At 5 to 5.20 a quiet arch (brightness 1) ran from Taurus, through Orion, 
Gemini, Leo, and Bootes. At G to G.20 there was a bright corona (2 to 3), centering in Ursa Major, 
on the edges vibrating rapidly from W. to E., and in the center whirling rapidly. Traces were 
seen at the next two observations. The magnets were quiet until about 12 in., when there was a 
violent disturbance, lasting only three hours, and reaching its maximum at 1 a. in. 

March 10, 1883, 1.30 a. in. to 9.17 a. in. — Evanescent traces were noticed in the N. about 1.30 a. m., 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 435 

and again at 2 a. in. in Cygnns in the NW. At 2.15 to 2.20 there was a. zone of three shifting hands 
(brightness to 1) in the NE., through Cygnus, Lyra, Corona Borealis, and Bootes (a) into Virgo. 
At 3 to 3.20 there was a broad zone, shifting and changing in brightness from to 1 to 1 to 2, 
crossing the zenith from ESE. in Virgo to NNW. in Pegasus, reaching in breadth from /3 and y 
Draeonis nearly to a Auriga'. At 4 a. m. two bauds (brightness 1 to 2) ran from the ESE. in Virgo 
to the NNW. in Andromeda, through Bootes, Corona Borealis, Draco (/3 and y), and Hercules, with 
a bright patch growing hazy and fading out towards the zenith in the NW., occupying Andro- 
meda, Perseus, and Cassiopeia. This had developed at 4.15 to 4.20 into a broad, shifting zone 
(brightness 1 to 2), starting from the same point in the NNW. and forming a much convoluted mass 
in the E. in Aquila and Bootes, while the western edge ran through Bootes, Ursa Major, Ursa 
Minor, Cam clop ardalis, and Cassiopeia. At 5 to 5.20 a. in. a quiet band (brightness 1) ran from 
Aries through Triangulum, Andromeda, Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, and Corona Borealis. At G to G.20 
the baud was in nearly the same position, but brighter (1 to 2), and had a few streamers in Corona 
Borealis. At 7 to 7.20 there were merely traces in the N. and NE. At 8 to 8.20 a broad band 
(brightness to 1) crossed the zenith from Orion to Aquila, through Auriga, Lynx, Ursa Major, 
Draco, and Hercules. At 9.17 a. m. there was a broad diffused arch in the south from ESE. to 
WNW., reaching an altitude of about 20°, and a faint corona elongated from E. to W., occupying 
Cygnus, Ursa Minor, Lynx, Gemini, Lyra, Draco, and Ursa Major, and a short arch from E. to N., 
passing into Cassiopeia (brightness of all to 1). There was a slight magnetic disturbance, lasting 
from 9 a. m. to 2 p. m. 

March 11, 1883, 2 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — Traces in the ESE. began to assume a definite form at 2 
a. m., faint streaks streaming up to Virgo. At 3 a. m. the streak was very small, but at 3.15 to 3.20 
better defined and longer, reaching into Bootes and Corona Borealis. At 4 a. m. «. broad, hazy, 
striated band, almost a zone (brightness 1), ran from ESE. in Virgo to NNW. in Andromeda, 
through Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, and Perseus, and had 
drifted W. at 4.15 to 4.20 so as to pass through /3 and d Leonis and Auriga. This had expauded 
into a broad zone at 4.45, but again contracted to a band at 5 to 5.20, crossing the zenith from 
Cancer through Gemini, Auriga, Lynx, Camelopardalis, Ursa Major, Draco, Lyra, and Hercules. 
At 6 to G.20 there were merely traces in the S. At 7 to 7.20 a band of streamers (brightness 1 to 2), 
vibrating rapidly, passed from Taurus through Perseus, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Cygnus, and Lyra. 
At 8 to 8.20 extensive traces crossed the southern sky. At 9.17 there was an arch in the S. 
from SE. to NW., reaching an altitude of about 20°, w 7 ith a short streamer in the NW. and traces 
of an arch running from ESE. to WNW. through Lyra, Draco, Ursa Major, and Lynx (brightness 
to 1). There was a magnetic disturbance between 7 and 11 a. m., reaching its maximum at about 
S a. m. 

March 12, 1883, 3.40 a. m. to 9.1.7 a. m. — At about 3.40 a. m. (10.30 local time) there were three or 
four faint streamers in the N. in Andromeda and Cygnus, but at the regular observation at 4 a. m. 
the sky was too cloudy to allow any to be seen. At 4.15 traces of a pale zone or elongated corona 
could be seen through the clouds, but at 5 to 5.20 the sky was sufficiently clear to display a quiet 
band (brightness to 1) from Bootes, through Caues Venatici, Ursa Major, and Lynx, to Auriga. 
Traces were seen in the S. at 6 to 6.20. The sky was partially cloudy at the next two observations, 
but clear enough at 9.17 to show an elongated corona (brightness to 1), longest from SE. to N. W., 
where it reached the horizon, centering at the zenith, and made up of a loDg, slender ray, with 
slight motion, about 40° long on the sides of the corona. Increasing light and clouds prevented 
observation of the end of the aurora. The needles were slightly disturbed from 9 to 10 a. m. 

March 13, 1883, 1.10 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — The weather was cloudy early in the evening, but 
between 1 and 1.15 a. in. disclosing a brilliant display in the western sky still bright with the 
twilight in the form of an arch of short streamers vibrating from the extremities towards the 
crown. The ends bore NW. and S. about 20° above the horizon, while the crown reached an alti- 
tude of 35° close to a Tauri, while below the arch were irregular curtains, the whole tinged with 
the usual colors (brightness 2). The streamers suddenly fused together and the motion became 
rapid, bright colors — particularly rose — developed in the S. with rapid changes of color and bright- 
ness, becoming a broad zone of bands and curtains in very rapid motion (brightness 2), and in a 
few seconds reached the zenith and passed it, forming a semi-corona, and faded to hazy bands 



436 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

covering nearly all the sky. In about two minutes it began to develop again in the NW., reaching 
brightness 3, with bright colors and rapid motion in Cassiopeia, and some reached the zenith, 
forming an elongated corona of curtains iri very rapid motion in several concentric rows rapidly 
fading. At 2 a. in. a band of short streamers ran from a Hydra? through Orion's belt to the clouds 
in the SW, while there was a broad hazy band just above this, and one long semi-corona the 
western half of which was a broad, sinuous band, the eastern a fan of streamers, the longest about 
30°, near the zenith, centering about the middle of Camelopardalis and extending from Leo in the 
ESE. to Cassiopeia in the NW. The streamers were replaced by a hazy band at 2.15 to 2.20, with 
traces of the corona which were gradually growing more distinct (brightness of all to 1). At 3 
a. m. there were three hazy arched bauds in the SW., and a narrow zone from the clouds in the 
ESE. to Cassiopeia MW. in breadth, from A Draconis to a Auriga?, with a semi-corona E. of the 
zenith, mostly in Bootes, Canes Venatici and Ursa Major (brightness 1). At 3.15 to 3.20 there 
were only traces of the zone and corona, while the bands in the SW. were less distinct (brightness 
to 1). At 4 a, lit, there was a wavy broad zone (brightness 1 to 2) brightest on the eastern edge, 
with the starting points near a Virginis in the ESE. and a Arietis in the NW., with the western 
edge close to the horizon and the eastern through Corona Borealis, Draco, Cepheus, Cassiopeia 
and v\.udromeda, composed of bands and curtains', with some motion on the eastern edge. At 4.15 
to 4.20 all was west of the zenith (brightness 1) and rapidly fading from above towards the horizon. 
At 5 to 5.15 a band of curtains and streamers rapidly vibrating and waving (brightness 1 to 2) ran 
from Andromeda through Lacerta, Cyguus, Lyra and Hercules. At 0.20 a baud (brightness to 
1) ran from Gemini to Lynx and Ursa Major. At 7 to 7.20 there were traces only in the SW. At 
8 to 8.20 the sky was nearly covered by a corona centering in Ursa Major and extending to a band 
about 15° to 20° above the horizon. There was no motion near the zenith, but a few bands of 
streamers in the N. and NW. (brightness 2 to 3), in Auriga and Cassiopeia, were vibrating very 
rapidly. The last faint traces were seen in the NW. at 9.17. The needles were disturbed from 1 
to S a. m., the disturbance reaching its maximum at the last hour. 

March 14, 18S3, 1.15 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — At about 1.15 a. in. there was noticed a faint, narrow, 
quiet arch in the NE. from ESE. to MW. just below s Cygni through Bootes (close to «), 
Corona Borealis (<r), a Lyra? and Cygnus; at 1.20 rising and changing into streamers in the NNW. 
At 2 a. m. there was a narrow, indistinct, hazy zone from ESE. in Virgo to NNW. in Andromeda, 
stretching in breadth from 8 Ursa? Majoris to <•*- Persei. This at 2.15 to 2.20 was wholly W. of the 
zenith, occupying Andromeda, Perseus, Cassiopeia, the upper part of Taurus, Auriga, Gemini and 
Leo (brightness to 1). At 3 a. m. there was a broad zone of two main bands, about 30° apart 
(brightness 2), starting in the ESE. in Virgo and the NNW. in Aries, and extending from the 
middle of Camelopardalis near the zenith to about-2° below a Canis Minoris and the SW., altitude 
about 25°, with a slight waving motion in the ESE. At 3.15 to 3.20 it was not so bright (bright- 
ness 1) and the western edge was unchanged, but the whole had spread E. so as to cover nearly 
the whole sky to within 10° of the horizon in the NE., and was very sinuous in the N. At 4 a. in. 
there was a hazy loop in the N. and NE. (brightness 1) from Aries near a through Triangulum, 
Andromeda, Cepheus (a) and Draco, bending back near ft Draconis through Hercules (f), Lyra 
(ft), Cyguus, and Andromeda. At 4.15 to 4.20 there were pale traces of the loop from Aries up 
through Cassiopeia towards the zenith, with a regular arch in the SW. from ESE. near a Virginis 
to the moonlight in the NW., with its crown near a Hydra 1 , and a belt of three or four bands in 
the NE., from N. to E., with its crown near ft Cygni (brightness to 1). At 5 to 5.20 a. m. is quiet 
band (brightness to 1) ran from Taurus through Perseus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, 
Cyguus, Lyra and Hercules. At G to G.20 auroral bands covered nearly the whole sky. The 
brightest part was in the N. and NE. where it had a rapid motion. Bound the zenith were only 
a few faint, quiet bands (brightness 1 to 2). There were extensive traces at 7 to 7.20, and slight 
traces in the S. at S.20. Traces of an arch in the SW., from SE. to NW., reaching an altitude of 
about 18°, with a faint trace in the NNW., could be seen at 9.17. There was a magnetic disturb- 
ance from 3 to 9 a. in., reaching its maximum about G a. m. 

March 35, 1883, 1.15 a. m. to 8.17 a. m.— There were traces of a faint arch in the ESE.. while the 
twilight was still bright, coming up from near the hori&ou co a Bootis. The traces continued till 
3.15 to 3.20, when there were bands of pale light from. Pegasus through Cyguus, Lyra and Her- 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 437 

eules. At 4.20 there was a brighter arch (brightness 1 to 2) from the E. to N. through Hercules, 
Draco, Cepheus, Cassiopeia and Andromeda, with traces in Perseus, Aries, Corona Borealis, Ursa 
Major and Lynx. At 5.15 to 5.20 a broad band, waving slowly, ran from Auriga through Caniel- 
opardalis, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Lacerta, Cygnus, Lyra and Hercules (brightness 1 
to 2). At 0.17 there was a broad curtain (brightness 2 to 3) from Sagitta in the E. through Cygnus 
and Cassiopeia, with streamers centering towards the zenith, and a broad band from the northern 
extremity of the curtain to Ursa Major, with a slight vibration. At 7.15 to 7.20 a quiet band 
(brightness 1) ran from Leo through Coma Berenices and Bootes. The last aurora seen was a 
quiet arch (brightness to 1) at 8.17 in the SW., from SE. to NW., reaching an altitude of about 
25°. There was a magnetic disturbance, affecting almost solely the horizontal force, between 5 
and a. m., reaching its maximum about 5.30. 

March 1G, 18S3, 1 a. in. to 9.1 7 a. m. — At 1 a. in. there was an arch in the NE. (brightness to 1) 
with one end near the horizon ESE. and the other in the twilight NNW., running just above a Bootis, 
Corona Borealis and Lyra (y3). At 1.15 this was rising rapidly and soon formed a narrow zone 
across the zenith, again narrowing into a sinuous band (brightness 1) through Leo (a), Lynx, 
Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia and Andromeda. At 2 a. in. there was a broad zone with its starting 
points ESE. in Virgo and NNW. in Andromeda, extending in breadth from ft Tauri in the SW., 
to i] Ursse Majoris in the NE. The western band was the brightest reaching brightness 2, while 
the rest was pale and hazy (brightness to 1). At 2.15 to 2.20 the ESE. starting point had spun 
out over about 20° in azimuth, forming a broad patch of very sinuous and, as it were, curdled 
streamers, while the eastern edge passed through Bootes, Corona Borealis, Hercules, Lyra (/?) and 
Cygnus (e). The whole zone was rather broken and not so bright (brightness 1 to 2). At 3 a. m. 
it had all faded to traces except the easternmost band, which ran through Hercules, /? Lyne and 
£ Cygui, and was still paler at 3.15 to 3.20. At 4 a.m. there was no aurora, but at 4.40 faint traces 
appeared in the NW., developing into a very transitory band across the zenith from NW. to SE. 
No more was seen till 9.17 a. m. when there were faint traces in the NW. The needles were some- 
what agitated at the time of the aurora without any larger disturbance. 

March 17, 1883, 3.15 a. m. to 9.20 a. m.—At 3.15 to 3.20 there was a faint, arched streak from 
near the horizon ESE. in Virgo up through a Corona Borealis. This soon rose and formed a zone, 
which from 4 to 4.20 had a brightness 1 to 2, starting ESE. in Virgo, and NNW. in Andromeda, 
occupying Bootes, Canes Venatiei, Ursa Major, Cameleopardalis, Auriga and Perseus. It was 
A*ery sinuous in the ESE., shifting and changing form and brightness, and rather yellow in color. 
At 5.15 to 5.20 it had faded to a band (brightness to 1) from Orion through Gemiui, Lynx, Ursa 
Major, Canes Venatiei and Bootes. At 6.15 to 0.20 a quiet zone (brightness 1) crossed the zenith 
from WNW. to ESE., from Taurus through Auriga, Gemini, Lynx, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, 
Draco and Hercules. There were traces only at 7.15 to 7.20 a little south of the zenith. No more 
was seen till 9.20 when there were traces of an arch from SE. to NW., through Corona Borealis, 
Ursa Major, Lynx and Auriga. . The magnets were unusually quiet all night. 

March 18, 1883, 4.40 a. m. to 9.17 a. m. — At 4.40 a. m. (11.30 p. m. local) a very faint, narrow 
band stretched across the zenith from ESE. to NW., through. Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, Auriga, 
and Perseus indistinct towards the horizon. At 5 to 5.20 there was a rather indistinct short band 
in the ENE. from Hercules to Lyra. At 7 to 7.20 a slowly waving band (brightness to 1) ran 
from Leo through Coma Berenices, Bootes, and Serpens. At 8 to 8.20 a band of streamers waving 
slowly like a curtain from E. to W. ran from Perseus through Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Lacerta, 
and Cyguus, and two quiet bands nearly parallel extended from Aquila through Hercules, Corona 
Borealis, Bootes, Canes Venatiei, Ursa Major, and Leo (brightness of all 1 to 2). At 9.17 there 
were traces in the W. The magnets were slightly disturbed from 8 to 9 a. m. 

March 19, 18S3, 4.40 a. m. to 6.20 a. m. — At 4.40 a pale band (brightness to 1) could be seen 
crossing the zenith with its extremities some distance from the horizon ESE. and NW., passing 
through Bootes, Canes Venatiei, Ursa Major, Camelopardalis, and Perseus. At 5 to 5.20 a similar 
baud passed west of the zenith from Serpens through Bootes, Coma Berenices, and Leo. At 6 to 
6.20 a band of streamers in rapid vibration (brightness 1) ran from Orion through Taurus, Perseus, 
Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Lacerta, and Cyguus. The needles were slightly agitated at the time of 
the aurora 



438 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 

March 20, 1S83, 4.40 a. m. to . — At 4.40 a. m. a faint streak was observed in the ESE. 

coming up from Virgo through Bootes towards the zenith. This soon faded aud uo more was 
observed. Clouds, however, interfered with observation later in the night. The magnets were 
ver}' quiet. 

March 21, 18S3, 1.15 a. in. to 9.17 a, m. — The twilight was still very bright at 1.15 (8 p. m. 
local) showing only the larger stars, when bright, shifting streamers began to appear 8° or 10° 
above the horizon ESE., then shooting up as a band through Leo and Taurus, then forming 
several broad sinuous bands in Leo, which rose to the zenith and formed an elongated corona 
rendered indistinct by the twilight. At 2 a. m. there was a sinuous band (brightness 1 to 2) in 
the ESE., running up from Virgo into Bootes and Corona Borealis, and a broad hazy zone across 
the zenith from the twilight in the NKW. to the moonlight in the ESE., occupying Andromeda, 
Cassiopeia, Perseus, Auriga, Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Ursa Major, and Leo. At 2.15 to 2.20 
the zone was in essentially the same position, but shifting and changing from a zone to a twisted 
band and back again, and moving slowly westward. At 3 a. m. an area of curtains (brightness 2) 
rapidly developed from the NW., consisting of three or four shifting rows from Andromeda to 
Hydra and from near the S~W. horizon to Auriga, slightly tinged with the usual colors. At 3.15 
to 3.20 there was a band of curtains from Libra through Hercules, a Lyras, and a Cygni, waving 
from E. to N. and developing a large patch in Lyra and a few bands in the place of zone at 2 a. 
in., which quickly developed a small faint corona and all rapidly faded. At 4 a. m. there was a 
similar band of curtains in the NE., partly obscured by clouds. At 4.15 to 4.20 there appeared 
faint bands and streamers in the N. and NE. mixed with patches of clond. Clouds interfered with 
observation at the next two hours, but it had cleared at 7.15 to 7.20, and showed a quiet band 
(brightness to 1) from Aquila through Pegasus, Andromeda, and Perseus from E. to NNW. At 
9.17 there was a corona of long slender rays centering towards the zenith, Avaving slightly. The 
needles began to be agitated at the first sign of the aurora, and the disturbance continued all night, 
reaching its maximum at 3 p. m. 

March 23, 1883, 1 a. m. to 8.20 a. m. — At 1 a. m., Avhile the daylight was still very bright, so that 
only the largest stars were visible, there was a white, sinuous, shifting streak in the E. near Arcturns. 
At 1.15 a. in. there was one arched band in the E. through Arcturns and Virgo, and a twisted, 
shifting band across the zenith from SE. to NW,, soon fading, and extensive patches developing 
in the E. At 2 a. in. a rather narrow, shifting zone, waving slowly, crossed the zenith from the 
ESE. in Virgo to NW. in Andromeda through Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, 
Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Andromeda, and two arched sinuous bands in the NE., the upper 
through Corona Borealis, Hercules, a Lyras, and a Cygni, and the lower near the horizon. At 2.15 
to 2.20 the zone had shifted W. nearly to a Auriga?, fading gradually, while a new zone developed 
in the former place and bands in the E. shifted. Clouds interfered with the next three observa- 
tions, and, though the sky then cleared, no more aurora was seen till 8.15 to 8.20, when a yellowish 
band (brightness 1), waving slowly, ran through Leo, Leo Minor, Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Draco, 
and Cygnus, sending up a few rapidly vibrating streamers in Cygnus. The magnets were dis- 
turbed from 7 a. in. to 2 \). m., the maximum disturbance being at 8 a. m. 

March 24, 1S83, 1.45 a. m. to 3.15 a. m. — The twilight was still bright at 1.45, but a well-defined 
arch (brightness 1) was observed running through Bootes (just above a), Corona Borealis, Hercules, 
Draco, and a Cygni, and rising rapidly. At 2 a. m. a broad yellowish band (brightness 1 to 2), 
fringed on the upper edge, with ill-defined streamers, lay in the NE., passing through Canes 
Venatici, the tail of the Great Bear, Draco, and Cygnus to the twilight in the NW. This had 
risen at 2.15 a. m. to form a narrow zone (brightness 1) from the ESE. to NW. through Canes 
Venatici, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cepheus and Cassiopeia to Andromeda. Three or four 
ill-defined rolling curtains developed quickly from the E. towards the N, with rapid, quivering 
motion propagated in the same direction through Bootes, Corona Borealis, Hercules and Lyra, 
reaching a brightness of 2 to 3 in Bootes in the E., with a bright display of green, yellow, and rose 
in the usual order, quickly quieting down and growing paler, while the zone widened in both direc- 
tions to about twice its usual width and growing hazy, and then developing a waving motion on 
the western edge. At the next observation the clouds already so obscured the aurora that traces 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 439 

of an arch were alone visible in the E. The clouds prevented further observation entirely. The 
needles were quiet, with a high horizontal force. 

March 26, 1S83, 1.15 a. m. to 5.20 a. m. — It was still broad daylight at 1.15, but a perturbation 
of the magnets indicated an aurora, which was seen on leaving the observatory as a pale, shifting, 
sinuous band from near the horizon ESE. and passing up about 20° E. of the zenith. At 2 a. m. 
a narrow zone (brightness 1 to 2) ran from the ESE. in Virgo to the twilight in the NW., through 
the sickle of Leo, Gemini, Taurus, and Aries. At 2.15 to 2.20 this had spread eastward to within 
about 10° of the eastern horizon, broken up into sinuous bands and curtains, brightest in the E. 
and *S., whirling curtains in the E. and a vertical loop in N., quickly developing into an arched 
band and again bearing a loop with rapid motion, both waving and vibrating, and showing rather 
bright colors — green, yellow, and rose — the green especially appearing against the twilight. At 
3 a. m. there was a broad zone of four bands (brightness 2) with its starting points in Virgo ESE., 
and NW. iu Aries, extending in breadth from Procyon to Polaris. It was in essentially the same 
place at 3.15 to 3.20, but there were more bands, shifting, broken, and hazy, some approaching the 
form of curtains, growing paler and then brighter again, especially in the ESE., where the bands 
were very sinuous. Clouds interfered with observation the next hour, but traces were seen in the 
W. At 5.15 to 5.20 a band (brightness 1) ran from Serpens through Bootes, Coma Berenices, Leo, 
Cancer, Gemini, and Orion, with a few quiet streamers in Serpens and Bootes. The magnets were 
disturbed all night. 

March 27, 1SS3, 2.15 a. m. to 0.20 a. m. — The sky was covered with hazy clouds at 2 a. in., but 
these were sufficiently thin at 2.15 to 2.20 to show traces of a narrow band across the zenith from 
the W. to SE. At 3 a. m. there were three or four bands, obscured by the hazy clouds lying low 
in the SW., passing through Virgo, the lower part of Leo, iuto Canis Minor and Taurus (bright- 
ness 1). The position of these bands was practically unchanged at 3.15 to 3.20, but the upper 
band was broadened and fringed out iuto ill-defined streamers, while the lowest was narrow and 
bright. All. were shifting and changing in brightness (brightness 1 to 2) and bright streamers 
developed in the SE. At 3.15 there was a large, complete, and quiet regular corona (brightness 1), 
of about 10° radius, centering in Ursa Major, near the zenith, with a broad band on the western 
edge and twisted shifting streaks near the center. This had become a broad zone at 4 a. m., 
partly obscured by the clouds (brightness 1 to 2) from the NW. to SE., extending in breadth from 
the lower edge of Draco to Procyon, and at 1.15 to 1.20 had again become a corona, but more incom- 
plete and elongated, running down towards the horizon in the E., with a bright (2 to 3) and quiet 
regular arch in the W., with an altitude of about 25°. All shifted rather rapidly, with a loop in 
the JfW, (altitude about 35°), increasing in brightness 2 to 3, and finally all settling into a broad 
zone. At 5 to 5.20 quiet bands (brightness to 1) were visible through the dense haze running 
through Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Leo, Lynx, Cancer, and Gemini. At G.15 
to 6.20 there was a bright corona (brightness 2 to 3) centering in Ursa Major. The streamers 
were very short in the N., not reaching the zenith. The edge of the corona was in Serpens, 
Bootes, Orion. Gemini, Auriga, Lynx, Hydra, and Leo, all in rapid motion from E. to W. Clouds 
then interfered more or less with observation, rendering it impossible to determine the end of the 
aurora. A violent magnetic disturbance commenced about 3 a. m. and still continues. 

March 28, 1883, 2 a. m. to 6.20 a, m. — At 2 a. m., partly obscured by the clouds, there were 
bands coming up from the ESE. At 2.15 to 2.20 there was a bright arched band (brightness 
2 to 3) in the SW. from the ESE., in Crater through Hydra («), Monoceros and Orion (y), narrow 
and curling down in the NW. It was bright yellow, shading into rose on the lower edge, flickering 
slightly, and then developing rapid motion in the NW and rising at the same time to a Canis 
Minor is, broadening at the same time, while a second and then a third band above this and 
only about half as long developed from the ESE.. and then growing paler and sinking. At 3 a. m. 
the whole sky was covered with broad hazy bands and curved patches running NW. and SE. At 
3.15 to 3.20 there was a loop in the N. and NNE. from Aries, through Andromeda into Cygnus, 
shifting and rising, while a broad hazy band developed from the NW. to SE. across the zenith, 
and with the loop formed a semi-corona E. of the zenith, much elongated, and then becoming a band 
of streamers (brightness 2 to 3) from Aries through Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, 
and Corona Borealis and then curving back through Lyra, vibrating rapidly from E. to IS., rising 



440 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

towards the zenith, and splitting. At 4 a. m. there was a broad zone from ESE. to W. 
(brightness 1) made up of coronal streamers east of the zenith, not reaching lower than Cepheus, 
while all the western shy was covered. At 4.15 to 4.20 there was a zone of four main bands 
(brightness 1 to 2) from the SW. horizon nearly to the zenith, with the same starting point, but 
curving back in the E. through Aquila. The upper band was edged with short streamers, and 
long streamers began to develop in the E. At 5 to 5.20 the whole sky was covered with quiet 
bands (brightness to 1) running WNW. to SE. At 6.15 to 6.20 there were traces of a great 
corona covering the sky. No more was observed. Yesterday's magnetic disturbance continued. 

March 29, 1SS3, 3.45 a. m. to 8.15 a. m. — The aurora was only observed at intervals of fair 
weather during the night. At 3.45 broad bands in the W. suddenly shot up to the zenith, with 
rapid vibration and play of colors, and formed a corona, apparently covering the whole sky. At 
4 a. m. the corona still persisted, and surrounded by belts of curtains covered nearly all the sky 
(brightness 1 to 2). It was partly obscured by clouds and haze, but appeared to be in motion, 
shifting and waving with rapid vibration in the NE., and bright yellow patches showing through 
the clouds. It had partly faded at 4.15 to 4.20, and was much obscured by haze and clouds. 
Traces only were seen at the next hour. The sky was clear enough at 7.15 to 7.20 to show quiet 
bands (brightness 1), forming a zone, occupying Orion, Taurus, Gemini, Perseus, Andromeda, 
Lynx, Ursa Major, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Lacerta, Cygnus and Lyra. 
Traces were visible at 8.15. The needles were quiet up to 4 a. in., when a violent disturbance 
commenced and still continues. 

March 30, 1S33, 7.15 a. m. to 7.20 a. m.— The sky, which had been cloudy all night, cleared 
about 7.15 a. m., displaying a slowly waving band from Gemini through Lynx, Ursa Major, Canes 
Venatici and Bootes (brightness to 1). The needles were somewhat disturbed from 4 a. m. to 
1 p. m. 

April 2, 1883, 2.15 a. m. to 7.20 a. m. — There were traces of a baud in the ESE. at 2.15, which 
at 3 a. m. had developed into a broad hazy zone from the ESE., in Virgo, fading in the twilight in 
the NNW., reaching in breadth from 6 Ursas Majoris to fi and y Draconis. This had condensed 
at 3.15 to 3.20 to a broad band in the SW., through Virgo, Hydra, Leo, Gemini, Cancer, Canis 
Minor, the upper part of Orion and Taurus, and beginning to shift and break (brightness 1). At 
4 a. in. there was a broad, ill-defined, sinuous band in the NE., from near a Serpentis, through. 
Hercules, Lyra and Cygnus, into Pegasus, and a hazy band starting from the same place, running 
through Bootes, Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Lynx, Auriga and Perseus (brightness to 1), and 
all had faded to traces at 4.15 to 4.20 except the baud in the E,, and this even had become traces 
at 5 to 5.20. At 6.15 to 6.20 a belt of slowly waving bands, with a few patches of streamers 
in Aquila, ran from Taurus, through Auriga, Perseus, Andromeda and Cassiopeia, to Cygnus 
(brightness 1). At 7.15 to 7.20 there was a short band from Ursa Major to Bootes in slow motion 
from W. to E., and a rather motionless band from Perseus and Cassiopeia to Cepheus (brightness 
to 1). A magnetic disturbance commenced at 3 a. m., and was not over when the aurora ended, 
reaching its maximum at 12 m. 

April 3, 1883, 1.45 a. m. to 7.20 a. m. — A slight agitation of the needles indicated aurora, 
which appeared at 1.45 as very faint, evanescent white streamers in the ESE., while the daylight 
was still bright. There was none to be seen at 2 a. m., but at 2.15 there were traces of bands high 
in the SW. These had developed at 3 a. m. into a narrow hazy zone W. of the zenith from ESE., 
in Virgo, to the twilight NW., occupying Leo, Cancer, Gemini, Auriga and Taurus, which had 
risen at 3.15 to 3.20 to Ursa Major, while what had been sinuous bands in Serpentis in the E. began 
to develop into curtains (brightness 1), with waving motion. The whole sky was covered at 4 
a. in. with a sort of elongated corona, approaching the horizon in the ESE. and NW., and extend- 
ing from below Procyon, in the SW., to «Cygni and «Lyra^ in the NE. (brightness to 1). It 
was made up of rather sparsely scattered bands, rows, and curtains, which latter were best devel- 
oped and brightest in the S. and SE., with some motion. It was broken and paler, reaching nearly 
to the SW. horizon, about 10° higher in the NE., where it consisted of long streamers. This was 
attended with considerable magnetic disturbance. At 5 to 5.20 there was a corona, curling in 
Ursa Major, with long streamers, reaching to the horizon in the E. and W. They were not so 
bright in the S., and only reached the zenith in the N. The whole was quiet (brightness to 1), 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 441 

and continued unchanged at 6.15 to G.20. At 7.15 to 7.20 there were only left traces of long 
streamers in the S., all running to Ursa Major. The magnetic disturbance still continued at 
9 p. -in. 

April 4, 18S3, 1.45 a. m. to 7.20 a. m. — At 1.45 the daylight was still bright, and an exceedingly 
faint band appeared in the ESE. extending towards the NW. about 10° west of the zenith. None 
was to be seen at 2 a. m., but at 2.15 to 2.20 there were traces in the ESE. gradually developing into 
very pale shifting curtains across the SW. beginning to wave rather rapidly in tbe S. At 3 a. m. 
there was a broad shifting hazy zone across the zenith from ESE. in Virgo to the NW. with its 
western edge in Hydra, Cauis Minor and Orion, and its eastern in Bootes, Ursa Major, Draco, 
Cepheus 1 , Cassiopeia and Perseus (brightness to 1). This had faded to traces at 3.15 to 3.20, 
except some brighter bands in the E. through Serpens, Aquila, and the lower part of Oygnus, 
quickly rising to a Lyrse and instantly fading. At 4 a. m. traces of the zone were to be seen and a 
patch of ill-defined curtains (brightness. 1 to 2) in Cygnus and Andromeda, NNE., with a bright 
long streamer or two. All had faded to traces at 4.15 to 4.20, but curtains were beginning to de- 
velop in the NNW. At 5.15 to 5.20 there was a band of slowly vibrating streamers (brightness 1) 
from Taurus through Auriga, Perseus, Cassiopeia and Cepheus. At 6.15 to G.20 there was a quiet 
band (brightness to 1) through Gemini, Lynx, Ursa Major and Bootes. Traces alone remained 
at 7.15 to 7.20. The magnetic disturbance continued all night. 

April — , 1883, 4.15 a. m. to The sky was covered by clouds all night, but at 4.15 to 

4.20, when the magnets were very much disturbed, auroral light appeared in the NE. showing 
strongly through the clouds, and quickly rose as a band across the zenith and disappeared iw the 
W., while fresh patches of light developed in the E. The magnetic disturbance continued all night. 

April 7, 1S83, 4.15 a. m. to A very faint evanescent streak was observed curving up 

through Aquila close to the horizon bearing E. by S. ; clouds interfered later in the night. The 
magnetic needles were uncommonly quiet, though there was a low horizontal force. 

April S, 1883, 3.45 a. m. to G.20 a. in. — Sinuous traces appeared in the ESE. at 3.45 and had 
developed at 4 a. m. into definite pale siuuoiis bands in the E. coming up through Aquila into 
Lyra and Cygnus. At 4.15 to 4.20 these had developed into a broad belt of waving sinuous bands 
(brightness 1 to 2) in slow motion extending from Aquila near a through Lyra, Cygnus, Cassiopeia 
and Perseus, and gradually broadening and shifting and rising. These had faded to quiet bands 
(brightness to 1) at 5 to 5.20, crossing high in the sky through Auriga, Gemini, Lynx, Came- 
lopardalis, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Bootes and Hercules. Traces were still visible in the 
S. at 6 to C.20. 

April 9, 1SS3, 3.45 a. m. to 6.20 a. m. — A very faint band crossed the zenith through Bootes 
and Ursa Major, running SE. and NW. at 3.45 a. m. This had become sinuous and shifting at 4 
a. m. and extended on through Cepheus and Perseus, with shifting sinuous bands on either side, 
one in Draco and the other in Auriga and Gemini. All had faded to traces at 4.15 to 4.20. At 5 
to 5.20 a faint luminous band ran from Serpens through Bootes to Coma Berenices (brightness to 
1). Traces only were to be seen at G to 6.20. There was magnetic disturbance chiefly affecting 
the horizontal force at about 8 a. m. 

April 13, 3.45 a. m. to 5.20 a. m. — At 3.45 the twilight was quite bright and the stars obscured 
by haze. A faint arched yellow baud lay in the SW. from near the horizon ESE. to the light in the 
NW. reaching an altitude of about 40°. At 4 a. m. there were barely perceptible traces in the SW., 
but at 4.15, as indicated by the agitation of the needles, there was an extensive aurora in rapid 
waving and vibrating motion in the form of a zone about 30 or 40 degrees broad, and composed 
mostly of curtains and coronal streamers, crossing the zenith from ESE. to NW. The usual color 
appeared with the yellow very prominent (brightness 2 to 3) and the whole moved quickly toward 
the magnetic N. The stars were only faintly visible. When the north magnetic edge had reached 
a Lyroe the rest had faded, and all was soon reduced to sinuous traces occasionally brightening up 
again, but all was nearly faded at 4.20. These developed into a narrow band again at 4.45, but at 
5 to 5.20 there was only a pale, quiet band (brightness to 1) through Perseus, Andromeda, Cas- 
siopeia, Lacerta and Cygnus. The needles continued more or less agitated till 2 p. m., being con- 
siderably disturbed at 1 p. m. 
H. Ex. 44 o^ 



PART VI. 



TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. 



413 



TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. 



The magnetic records were placed in the hands of the United States Coast and Geodetic 
Survey for computation and discussion. 
The following report is presented: 

ACCOUNT AND RECORD OF THE MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS WITH PARTIAL RESULTS 
DEDUCED BY C. A. SCHOTT, ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. 

Computing Division, Coast and Geodetic Survey Office, 

May 6, 1884. 

J. E. HlLGARD, 

Superintendent Coast and Geodetic Survey : 
Dear Sir : Towards the end of March, 1881, Mr. Carlile P. Patterson, then Superintendent of 
the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, was invited to aid and co-operate in the researches 
proposed by the International Polar Commission, which held its second session at Bern, Switzer- 
land, in August, 1880, H. Wild, president. General W. B. Hazen, Chief of the United States Sig- 
nal Corps, United States Army, having notified the Commission that the United States would take 
part in the undertaking, caused two expeditions to be fitted out, one to proceed to Point Barrow^ 
Alaska, the other to Lady Franklin Bay, Grinnell Land. The Coast and Geodetic Survey was tq 
co-operate in the magnetic work which these parties were to execute by furnishing such magnetic 
and other instruments as were then available and by instructing three or four observers of the 
Signal Corps in their use; besides bearing a part of the expense of the first-named expedition, the 
second expedition having been provided for by special appropriation of Congress. 

Part L— INTRODUCTION. 

It was not until near the close of April that these preliminary arrangements were concluded; 
and it was well understood, in consequence of the want of suitable magnetic instruments, and in par- 
ticular of differential instruments, and owing to the fact that no trained scientific observers were at 
the time available, that the Coast and Geodetic Survey could not then follow the minute instruc- 
tions which had been prepared for the guidance of the various expeditious which were to take part 
in the work of the Commission. In the words of the Superintendent, we were simply to do for ter- 
restrial magnetism the best that was r^ossible at the time. For the first year at Point Barrow, and 
during the entire absence of the other expedition, the assistance of the survey was more incidental 
than fully co-operative; but this condition was considerably improved in the second year at Point 
Barrow, when we were able to send a set of differential instruments with a newly instructed observer. 
In the summer of 18S3 a special observer was sent in charge of pendulum work and particularly to 
verify the magnetic work, as well as to redetermine the geographical position and the true meri- 
dian or azimuth ; but unfortunately he was unable to accomplish anything in consequence of the 
continued rain, fog, or cloudiness of the sky during the i'ew days he could stay at the place, the 
state of the ice and the damaged condition of the vessel demanding a speedy embarkation of the 
whole party. 

That under these circumstances the magnetic work should fall somewhat short of the accuracy 
which the committee had desired it should possess is not surprising ; indeed, the Polar Conference 

440 



446 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



found afterwards that so far as the first year's magnetic work was concerned it appeared to have 
been undertaken rather prematurely, inasmuch as it could not be supposed that differential instru- 
ments of a particular description were ready at hand, nor was there sufficient time to procure them. 
Disclaiming, therefore, such close co-operation as would have been desirable, but which was impos- 
sible under the circumstances, the records and results herewith presented are the outcome of faith- 
ful labor and are believed to be an acceptable contribution to our knowledge of magnetism in high 
latitudes, aud it is thought that in the second year, at least, these records will prove to be a valua- 
ble part of the material accumulated by the several expeditions. 

Later on, in full co-operation with the work undertaken by the International Polar Commission, 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey established at Los Angeles, Cal., a magnetic observatory and 
equipped it with a set of Adie's self-recording magnetometers of the Kew pattern. In the spring 
of 1882 the adobe building had been constructed by Assistant J. S. Lawsou, and in July following 
the instruments were mounted and the photographic process was arranged by Mr. W. Suess, 
mechanician Coast and Geodetic Survey. The observatory was then permanently turned over to 
the charge of Mr. Marcus Baker, Coast and Geodetic Survey, under whose direction the absolute 
and differential measurements have been made uninterruptedly from about the end of September, 
1882, to the present time, and it is the intention to continue the work for some years. 

In May, 1SSI, Mr. J. B. Baylor, and in June following, Mr. M. Baker, of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey, were detailed to instruct at Washington Sergeants E. Israel, J. Cassidy, J. Murdoch, and 
M. Smith, Signal Corps, E. S. Army, in the use of the sextant and the alt-azimuth for the deter- 
mination of time, latitude, longitude, and azimuth, and in the requisite computations; they were 
likewise instructed in the use of those magnetic instruments which they were to take with them. 
Mr. A. C. Dark was instructed at San Erancisco in astronomical observations by Subassistant J. 
F. Pratt, Coast and Geodetic Survey. With the exception of Sergeant Israel, who proceeded to 
Lady Franklin Bay, the above named observers formed part of the personnel of the Point Barrow 
party. These observers made the best use of the short time available for their instruction. 

In May, 1882, J. Palniarts and Sergeant J. E. Maxfield, Signal Corps, E. S. A., received instruc- 
tions from Mr. Baker in the use of the sextant and the theodolite, and in June they practiced 
under Assistant Eirnbeck, Coast and Geodetic Survey, with the Brooke differential instruments, 
which left the office for Point Barrow June 14, 1882. 

The following instructions to the parties were drawn up (June 9, 1881) by the writer under 
direction of Superintendent C. P. Patterson : 

"■Instructions and notes for the guidance of the observers to be stationed at Point Barroic, Alaska, and 
at Lady FranJdm Bay, north of Smith Sound, Arctic Ocean. 

"As soon as the quarters of the expedition have been fixed upon a magnetic house will bo 
erected, in which the regular magnetic observations as described below will be made; other obser- 
vations will be made when on boat or sledge trips. 

"Instruments. — For the use of the magnetic observatory there will be provided a magnet- 
ometer, for absolute and differential declination and for horizontal magnetic intensity, to be per- 
manently mounted on a stone pier. In connection with this instrument a meridian or azimuth 
mark will be established a short distance off the observatory and visible from it through an open- 
ing in its wall. The astronomical bearing of this mark will be carefully determined by means of 
an alt-azimuth instrument and solar observations. In the same house, but on a separate pier, will 
be mounted a Kew dip circle, and, in the case of Point Barrow, a third instrument, a bifilar mag- 
netometer, will also be permanently mounted on its pier. At Point Barrow the magnetometer (or 
unifilar) and the bifilar instruments will be mounted in the magnetic meridian and at a distance 
apart of not less than twelve feet, and the dip circle will be mounted equidistant from these instru- 
ments, forming an equilateral triaugle. At Lady Franklin Bay the two instruments will be 
mounted in the plane of the magnetic prime vertical and not less than 12 feet apart. No iron is to 
be used in the construction of these buildings aud they should not be nearer than fifty yards to 
any other building or double that distance to any large mass of iron. Special reading lamps (of 
copper) must be provided for use with the instruments, and they must be tested to make sure that 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 447 

they do not affect the position of the magnets. The use of candles stuck iu wooden blocks is pref- 
erable to lamps. 

" When on boat or sledge journeys the party will carry a chronometer, a small alt-azimuth 
instrument with circles of about three inches diameter (as constructed by Eauth & Co., of Wash- 
ington, or by Casella, of London), provided with a magnetic needle or compass mounted over its 
vertical axis, and a dip circle. 

" Observations at the permanent station. — Hourly observations will be made for declination and 
diurnal variation with the magnetometer on three consecutive days about the middle of each 
month; besides these observations, extending over seventy-two hours, there will be made at any 
convenient intermediate time each day (of the three) one set of deflections, followed immediately 
by a set of oscillations for the determination of the horizontal intensity. At Point Barrow the 
bifllar will be read immediately after the unifilar. There will also be made at any in term etli ate 
time each day (of the three) a set of dip observations. In connection with the declination, the 
mark will be read once each day (unless the instrument should accidentally be disturbed), but it 
suffices to determine the magnetic axis of the declination magnet on one of three days. The 
instrumental constants of the magnetometer will be determined before leaving Washington, and 
the observer will use the Coast and Geodetic magnetic blank forms for their records, or, in case no 
special forms are provided, they will use small (octavo), note-books; they will also compute, as 
soon as the observations are completed each month, the magnetic mean declination, diurnal range, 
and turning hours; also the horizontal force in absolute measure (English units) and the dip, tabu- 
lating the results for each day. 

"Extra observations on other than the three days about the middle of each month will be 
made daring all occurrences of auroral displays, but as they are likely to be very numerous at 
Point Barrow observers there may confine their extra observations to the more conspicuous dis- 
plays only. On these occasions the declinometer (and the bifilar) at Point Barrow will be read 
every 10 minutes or oftener, or less often, as the state of the needle may appear to demand, the 
object being to ascertain the relation and establish a connection between the appearance of the 
aurora and the motion of the magnetic needle. 

"When landing on a boat journey or during a sledge journey, at suitable stations (not less than 
10 or 15 miles apart), the time, latitude, and azimuth will be determined by the alt-azimuth instru- 
ment and the declination by the same instrument (the hour and minutes of the observation is to 
be noted in order that the diurnal variation may be allowed for) ; the dip will also be observed, 
and in case time is pressing, reversal of circle, reversal of face of needle, and reversal of polarity 
of needle maybe dispensed with, but the needed corrections to the result from the single position, 
of the instrument or needle must be ascertained at the permanent station. Observations of de- 
flections with magnetic needle and with weights will be made with the dip circle as arranged for 
relative and absolute total force, the data for the latter to be supplied at the permanent station. 

"It is highly desirable, especially in the case of the Lady Eranklin Bay party, that all stations 
within reach and formerly occupied by other parties for magnetic purposes, be revisited in order 
to furnish material from which to deduce the secular change during the interval; besides all 
opportunities should be taken when landing on the way up, to secure observations for declination, 
dip, and intensity ; the latter, best by oscillations of the intensity magnet. The winter quarters 
of the late English expedition should be connected magnetically with the present quarters. 

"All magnetic observations will be made on Gottingen time, as provided for by the Hamburg 
Conference.* 

"All magnetic work will be kept strictly in conformity with ' Notes on measurements of 
terrestrial magnetism,' United States Coast Survey, AVashington, D. C, 1877,f and other records in 
connection therewith should be equally clear and complete, and all computations should be made 
by the observer in separate books. Duplicates of all records will be made, compared with the 
original, and the latter returned annually,! if practicable, to the Superintendent of the Coast and 
Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. The observers should also provide themselves with copies 

* This sentences I find added to original report.— [ScL.] 

t A new edition, the third, has since appeared in Appendix No. 8, Coast and Geodetic Survey Keport for 1881. 

fit was then supposed that the parties would remain out for three years. 



448 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 



of the Admiralty Manual of Scientific Inquiry, the Arctic Manual and Instructions, 1875, and 
Auroras, their character and spectra, by J. E. Capron, 1880. Also, with Terrestrial and Cosmical 
Magnetism, by E. Walker, 1866, and any other work they may require for their information." 

Besides the above paper, which is printed (pp. 12 to 14) in " Instructions No. 72, War Depart- 
ment, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, D. O, June 17, 1881," the parties received 
additional instructions headed (2) Obligatory observations in the domain of terrestrial magnetism, 
and (3) Elective observations— contained in the same order. Among these optional observations 
are mentioned observations of tides and of earth currents; for both of these phenomena returns 
were made. 

The Point Barrow party was also provided with a plan of the magnetic house, and received 
the following note respecting the adjustment of the bifilar magetometer, which had been hastily 
constructed from some remains of an older instrument: 

" The portable bifilar magnetometer. — This instrument was reconstructed from such parts as 
could be found from an old instrument. A collimator magnet was provided, also a new bifilar sus- 
pension adjustable by means of a right and left handed screw in the place of a disk, as originally 
supplied j the projecting arms indicating that the instrument had been arranged for an induction 
inclinometer were removed. 

" It is to be used differentially or for variations only of the horizontal component of the mag- 
netic force. The instrument is to be adjusted with the axis of the collimator magnet in the mag- 
netic prime-vertical, and the variations of the horizontal force observed by readings of the scale. 

"If K— horizontal magnetic force, AS= variation of the same, v= angle of twist in the bifilar 
suspension (usually between 40° and 70°), Av= variation of this angle (expressed in parts of 
radius) then 

AH 



:cot vAv 



Plait, *>j~ magnetic /umse 
Point, Bwron> 




»«»* C^ssA;) 



\V 



?*"*" 



TtuvnJttut prurtt. 






Jtuuz 23, 1R3I 



"If »o — reading of the scale of any fixed part, say of the magnetic axis of the collimator, »= 
any reading at another time, a= value of one division of the scale in parts of radius (or angular 
value in minutes times .000291), then Av=(n— n ) a. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 449 

'•To correct for changes in the value of -=- for change of temperature of magnet let q= 

change of magnetic moment of magnet corresponding to a change of 1° Fahr., we have the correc- 
tion q (t—t ) where t = normal temperature adopted and £=any other temperature. The value of 
q may be found by a series of observations of oscillations at high and low temperatures, the mag- 
net being suspended as in the unifilar magnetometer. Putting I— a cot v we have 

K =ic (to— « ) + a {t—to) 

the value of 7c may be about .00025 and it should be so arranged, by varying the distance of the 
threads, that the least integer reading of the scale should indicate about -- -- to part of the 

horizontal force. The observed variation in the horizontal component of the magnetic force will 
be true only in case the magnetic moment of the suspended magnet remains unchanged during 
the time of observations, but as every magnet gradually loses magnetism a further correction for 
loss of magnetic moment is needed. This may be determined by comparing differences of values 
of horizontal force as determined by means of the unifilar magnetometer at certain times (and 
after long intervals) with a series of corresponding readings of the differential instrument. The 
magnet being an old one, it seems best to examine and readjust the bifilar at the end of each year 
or oftener in case of necessity. 

"The north end of the magnet may be turned either to the right or left of the meridian, but 
it will be desirable to choose that side which will make increasing horizontal force correspond to 
increasing scale readings. 

"The principal adjustments of the instrument may be summed up as follows: 

"Level; suspend magnet as unifilar; focus telescope ; place scale horizontal and adjust light 
for distinct vision; take torsion out of suspension ; put plane of detorsion in magnetic meridian; 
determine axis of collimator; determine scale value or value of one division in minutes of arc; 
point on axis and note corresponding scale reading of magnetic meridian ; take off unifilar and 
substitute bifilar tube; place plane of bifilar suspension in magnetic meridian, point on axis and 
read torsion circle ; test this by turning telescope 180° in azimuth and bringing the magnet in the re- 
versed position, north end to the south, and read torsion scale; if it reads as before, the plane of 
threads was trjily in the magnetic meridian; repeat adjustment if necessary; turn telescope 90° 
or into the magnetic prime- vertical and turn in the same direction the torsion circle until the axis 
of the collimator appears pointed in telescope; read the torsion circle, it will be 90° -f r from the 
meridian value; compute the value of h and alter the distance of threads by turning the screw 
until a satisfactory value for Tc is found. 

"The observers will remember that at Point Barrow the horizontal force is about one-half of 
what it is at Washington. They may also consult Lloyd's Treatise on Magnetism (London, 1874)." 

With reference to co-operation with the Polar Commission during the second year of occupation 
of the Point Barrow station, directions were given by you, May 23, 18S2, to prepare the old Brooke 
magnetographs for immediate service. These instruments had been used for many years, first 
at Key West, Fla.,* and lately at Madison, Wis., and required thorough overhauling; moreover, 
photographic registration being out of the question in the Polar regions, they were changed aud 
remounted according to a plan devised by me, for direct eye-observations. By extra exertion, 
with the assistance of Fauth & Co., instrument makers, and W. Suess, mechanician, this was 
expeditiously done, and the instruments left Washington June 14, 1882. 

The following memorandum was handed to the relief party before starting for Point Barrow: 

"May 20, 1S82. 
"The magnetic instruments intended for Point Barrow will be the modified Brooke Magnet- 
ometer, viz, declinometer, bifilar or horizontal force magnetometer, and Lloyd's balance or vertical 



* For a description sec Coast Survey Report for 1800, Appendix No. £6, or tlie original paper in Phil. Trans. 
Roy. Soc. 1847, part I, " On the automatic registration of magneton, eleis, Ac, by photography. By Chailcs. Brooke. 
June, 1846." 

II. Ex. 44 57 



450 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



V 



^. 



% 



I 



f 



\pcer 
\ 






TcUzcofi pit* 






\ 



\ \ 



j£«\ 



Wf* 







■to scats f.jzm 




/ 



f tHJiMy 



** N \ >s» *° «» <. 

«_«•)(«. _x.».-_ \^ \ rertoxC. -force, to AarigontoZ -force, mtyneio/ntttr /'hX 



« IT KJ* <* » * »3<c T. *&.£» « -y 



i; 






\ 



A?' 



* 



m 



A 



Do ot 



WinxUiw 



6 r*t> 



force magnetometer, to be relatively disposed of in a building as shown in the accompanying dia- 
gram. The size of the observatory was to be 3 by 5 meters, or about 10 feet by 1GA feet inside, and 
G| to 7£ feet high; size of the brick piers, 0.3 meter square and about 1 meter high ; cross-section of 
telescope pier, 0.15 meter by 0.6 meter long, and of the same height as the instrument piers; the 
brass cylindrical vessels in the axis of which the magnets are suspended, except the knife-edgo of 
the Lloyd balance which passes through the center, are each of 40 centimeters diameter. This 
new observatory should be distant from the older one at least 8 meters." 

The following notes were prepared for the guidance of the party, May 31, 1882: 
"Notes on the mounting, the adjustment, and the determination of instrumental constants of 
the Brooke differential magnetometers: 

"1. The declinometer ok unifilar magnetometer. 

"Take out the torsion of the suspension skein or wire suspending alternately magnet and 
weight until the telescope readings are the same; adjust fixed mirror to read 50 of scale (which is 
to be recorded as 500); adjust movable mirror to read the same for average position between daily 
extremes ; note reading t of torsion circle. Measure torsion of suspension by turning off ,5 degrees 
to right and to left and reading the scale (through telescope); turn torsion circle back to reading t. 

"Let 1= length of a division of scale, r = radius or distance from face of scale to surface of 
mirror (if of glass, silvered on back, § of the thickness of the glass must be added) ; then tho 
angular value of one division of scale 

3437. 



a 



'< 



"For the magnetometers the value of I is uniformly 1 millimeter, ;ind the angular value a = l'. 
the radius r being = 1.719 meter, which has to be carefully measured off for each instrument. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 451 

"To determine the torsion coefficient ^ let « = angle through which the magnet was deflected, 
and ,5 = angle through which the torsion circle had been turned: then -* = — — : hence scale valuo 
a ( 1+4 J expressed in minutes of arc. Increasing numbers of scale should correspond to a mo- 
tion of the north end of the magnet to the east. The scale is numbered from 20 to SO, which numbers 
are to be read 200 and 800, and thus has a range of 5° on either side of the normal position. Two 
spare scales, divided on white bristol board, about 15 centimeters long, giving additional extent of 
2i°, should be made, and, in case of necessity, fastened to the ends of the reading scale. The 
vertical cross-thread of the telescope is to be Icept on the 500 mark, as reflected from the fixed 
mirror,* a remark which applies to each of the instruments. The dividing line or narrow space 
between the fixed and movable mirrors is in the plane of the optical axis of the telescope. Tho 
instrument is placed under a zinc cover. 

"2. The horizontal force or bifilar magnetometer. 

"Pat plane of detorsion in the magnetic meridian, turn torsion circle with weight suspended 
approximately in plane of meridian, and read circle. Remove weight, suspend magnet, and again 
read circle, if the same as before the plane of detorsion is in the magnetic M , „ „ 

meridian; if not, repeat the process until the result is satisfactorv. It is 
recommended to mark out in the observatory the directions of the mag- 
netic meridian and of the magnetic prime vertical by threads or fine 
strings stretched from wall to wall. These threads would also aid in the 
setting of the piers. Let m°= reading of torsion circle for plane of de- 
torsion in the meridian ; suspend weight and turn torsion circle to 90°+ m°; 
turn movable mirror until the middle line or 50 of the scale is bisected, in 
which position of the telescope the fixed mirror will reflect division 50 (to 
be read and recorded as before 500). Suspend magnet in place of the 
weight, turn torsion to w ! until middle line of scale is again bisected, 
then m° x — (90°+?»°)=». (See annexed diagram, where ?<=90°.) Let H = horizontal component 
of the earth's magnetic force, w?=magnetic moment of magnet, TF=weight of magnet and ap- 
pendages (compensation bar, mirror, stirrup, and part of suspension), 2a and 26 the distances of 
the threads above and below, and 7=length of suspension, then 

Wab 




I 



-smz=Um 



fiJT 

now let B and z vary by 8H and 3z and the ratio, -=-, or the variation of the horizontal force cx- 

JoL 

pressed in parts of the force, is given by the relation 

S S= C otzSz 

"Suppose the scale division to be 1 millimeter and the distance of the .scale and mirror=r 
millimeter, then oz=-~. Now putting for dz its equivalent a (n—n ), Avhere «=v«ilue of one division 
of scale in terms of radius and n— ?i = the difference of any two scale readings, and making 
lc=a cot s, the ratio, -^, becomes /.: (n—n ). A second method for determining the scale value is 

as follows: Let w—^ r , or let it be equal to any other convenient fraction of W, and add tc to the 

* An important addition to the Brooke instruments, as insuring tlio stability or fixity of the direction of the zero 
point of the scale; the idea was taken from the ]ater Adie maguetograph. The circular windows of the three magnet- 
ometers -were of French plate-glass. By trial on February 14, 1S84, I find that the transmitted rays for tho extreme 
scale-ends suffered lint slight refraction by turning the glass in its own plane; tho deviation changed from to 5 
divhiions in inaxinio. 



452 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

suspended magnet, then the difference of the two readings of the scale, that is, before and after 
the small weight was added, or for weight TTand for weight W+ic will correspond to T ^ of the 
horizontal force. To give the instrument any desired sensitiveness compute the angle of deflection 
z corresponding to it, and set the torsion circle accordingly, then by means of the upper suspension 
screw, with its two sets of opposing screw-threads, the suspension threads are to be brought to 
that distance, which will bring the middle of the scale (50) on the vertical thread of the telescope. 
Using the second method a weight has to be provided corresponding to the desired sensitiveness, 
and the suspension threads must be regulated in order that the additional weight may produce a 
change of a certain number of divisions of scale when it is added and taken off. 

"The instrument is provided with a mechanical compensation for changes of temperature. In 
view of the extreme low temperatures which are likely to be experienced at Point Barrow, how- 
ever, and under the present circumstances, it will be better to deduce the corrections for any out- 
standing amount, not compensated, differentially from the observations of the horizontal force 
themselves, than to attempt a complete mechanical compensation. The latter operates as follows: 

Referring to accompanying figure, suppose 

th e temperature increases, the effective force 

of the magnet will diminish, the differential 

4 5. * expansion of glass and zinc (which materials 

form the compensation) will push the zinc end 






_F5, 



£^ 



r-~i in, which brings the suspension threads closer 



together, and thus diminishes the torsion 



g astute. [J I-™-***. force balancing E in the same ratio that JS 

^ < masm.-t, 7 itself diminishes. Increasing' scale readings 



\ magnet) ^ 
availe I tiJrnrf 



should correspond to increasing horizontal 
magnetic force, or correspond to a movement 

■fincoC ■ 

W///JT/////W//J 



A 



rf/j//j'ijjjj/ of the north end of the magnet toward the 

north. The narrow space dividing the fixed 
from the movable mirror is in the plane of the optical axis of the telescope. The instrument is 
placed under a zinc cover. 

"3. The vertical force or balance magnetometer. 

"Put the knife-edge supporting the magnet in the magnetic meridian and level support; the 
magnet will then be free to oscillate in the magnetic prime 
vertical; balance the magnet and its appendages (mirror, 

knife-edge, balancing weights, compensation bar, &c.) hori- r " a 3' 1 \ ' aar1Ju 

zontally by means of two weights on opposite sides of the 
knife-edge; next bring the center of gravity of the system j 

to that particular position close to and bcloiv the knife-edge ~" ■■wmm(« _ 

which corresponds to tbe desired sensitiveness ; this is done * i ". 

by raising or lowering tbe central ball or weight. Set the y 

mirror so that the middle of the scale (50) is reflected on v f i ' jw<i I *»«■»* 

the thread of tbe telescope when the magnet is level; at the same time this center division must 

remain bisected, as seen in the fixed mirror. 

"Let V — the vertical component of the earth's force, d = the horizontal distance of center of 
gravity of the system from the plane of support passing through the knife-edge, W = the weight of 
magnet and appendages, m = the magnetic moment of the magnet, then Ym= ~\Vd. Now, suppose 
the magnet inclined through the small angle </', and let h = distance of center of gravity of the 
system below plane of knife-edge; then — 

dV h , 
-V=d* 



"To determine the ratio # - we oscillate the magnet and appendages in its vertical plane and 



h 
d 

let T= time of an oscillation in that position. Wc then take the magnet off its support and sus- 
pend it (with its appendages) by a single thread (determining torsion and allowing for it), as in 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOW, ALASKA. 453 

the case of a free declination magnet, observing that the sides which were vertical when on its 
bearings will now be horizontal. The moment of inertia will be the same as before. Let 1\ — the 
time of a horizontal oscillation, then — 

—y= 7 j,., cot dip. <,'' — j^tp cot 

where = dip. For one linear unit of scale and r units of distance to mirror the value of ^ =-^- ;; 

The dip is to be determined by means of the dip circle. For a particular scale value, 1\ having 
been determined, we alter the position of the center of gravity by the adjusting screw, until by 
trial the desired value of T is produced. The scale value may also be ascertained by means of 
deflections, the magnet being first in a horizontal, next in a vertical position. (See p. 65 of 2d 
part of Bulletin, St, Petersburg, 1S82.) * 

"The temperature compensation originally with the Brooke balancing magnetometer consisted 
of a glass thermometer ttibe filled with mercury. This has been removed, and a brass arm was 
substituted, as in the Adie instrument. The compensation operates as follows: Suppose the tem- 
perature is rising; the magnetic energy of the ^horizontal magnet will diminish, and gravity will 
consequently pull the south or unmarked end of the magnet down and thus elevate the marked 
end, but this is counteracted and the balance restored by the expansion of the brass arm which is 
directed to or on the same side as the marked end; the diminution of magnetic moment is thus 
counteracted by the increased leverage of the extended brass arm. 

"Increasing scale readings should correspond to increasing vertical magnetic force or to a 
movement of the north end of the magnet downicard. The instrument is placed under cover of 
thick plate-glass. 

'•Referring to the diagram of the magnetic observatory containing the modified Brooke differ- 
ential or variation instruments, it will be seen that the north seeking or marked ends of the mag- 
nets turn all to the iuside or toward the telescope-pier. The directions in which the scale-numbers 
increase are also there indicated. 

"Time being wanting for an accurate mechanical compensation of the force magnetometers, it 
is the intention that only the greater part of the change should be so compensated and corrections 
applied for the remainder. For this purpose thermometers are inserted, which are to be read in 
connection with the scales. The data for outstanding temperature correction will be had from the 
ordinary hourly observations.'' 

The Point Barrow party was also put in possession of the resolutions adopted at the third 
session of the International Polar Conference, held at St. Petersburg, August, 1881. From this 
publication the following notes were taken: 

" The differential magnetic observations for changes of declination, horizontal and vertical 
components of the earth's magnetic force, are to be made hourly and continuously, commencing as 
soon as possible on or after August 1, 1882, and closing as late as practicable before or on Sep- 
tember 1, 1883. 

"These hourly observations may be made either with reference to local time or with reference 
to any other meridian. [The full hours of local mean time are recommended, and the instruments 
are to be read in the order, bifilar LV minutes before and after, unifllar 1 minute before and 1 min- 
ute after, and balance magnetometer J minute before and J minute after each full hour.] 

" Term-day observations. — Term-days are the 1st and 15th of each month (excepting January 
1, when January 2 will be taken). The differential instruments on term-days are observed every 
5 minutes throughout the 24 hours, and strictly according to Gottingen mean civil time, beginning 
with U m (or midnight, Gottingen.) The three instruments will be read as rapidly as possible, 
one after another, in the order given above, the declinometer being read at the exact full fifth 
minute. 

" Additional observations to be made on term-days during one hour are specified below. Declina- 



* If £ = angle which the line joining the centers of gravity and of motion makes with the axis of the magnet, 
we have tan e tan 5=7.,'-., ; also jf— tan 0, and. since in our case a == 90°, formula (13) of p. 63 changes to 5 V = H ^i', 
hence, -y — ~f^\> cot 0, as above. 



454 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



tion observations will be made every 20 seconds, beginning' with the full hour and minute of Got- 
tincen mean civil time. 



Date. 


Time of observation. 


Date. 


Time of observation. 


1882 




18S3 




I August 1 


Noon to 1 p. m. 


February 1 


Midnight to 1 a. ni. 


August 13 


1 p. m. to 2 p. m. 


February 15 


1 a. m. to 2 a. m. 


September 1 


2 p. m. to 3 p. m. 


March 1 


2 a. m. to 3 a. m. 


September 15 


3 p. m. to 4 p. ni. 


March 15 


3 a. m. to 4 a. m. 


October 1 


4 p. m. to 5 p. m. 


April 1 


4 a. m. to 5 a. m. 


October 15 


5 p. m. to C p. m. 


April 15 


5 a. m. to 6 a. m. 


November 1 


6 p. m. to 7 p. in. 


May 1 


a. m. to 7 a. m. 


November 15 


7 p. m. to 8 p. m. 


May 15 


7 a. m. to 8 a. m. 


December 1 


8 p. m. to 9 p. m. 


June 1 


8 a. m. to 9 a. in. 


December 15 


9 I>. m. to 10 p. ju. 


June 15 


9 a. ni. to 10 a. iu. 






July 1 


10 a. m. to 11 a. m. 


1883 




July 15 


11 a. m. to noon. 


January 2 


10 p. m. to 11 p. m. 


August 1 


Noon to 1 p. m. 


January 15 


11 p. m. to miduigbt. 


August 15 


1 p. m. to 2 p. m. 



"If three observers are available, all three instruments will be observed. 

"■Absolute magnetic measures of declination, dip, and intensity. — Observations are to be made 
as often as necessary to furnish the absolute values needed for the differential measures. [Unless 
some change is suspected in the latter, it will suffice to observe for absolute values the declination, 
the dip, and the horizontal intensity (oscillations and deflections) on the day before each term-day. 
Declination observations will then be made about 8 a. m. and 1 p. m., local time, and for these and 
the intermediate hours the corresponding readings of the scales of the differential and absolute 
instruments will be given. Observations for dip and intensity may be made at any convenient 
time of the day. — Sch.] 

"Tests are to be made for possible local deflection before selecting the position for the abso- 
lute instruments. 

"Scale values of differential ■instruments. — The uuifilar or declinometer should have a sensi- 
tiveness such that 1 millimeter on the scale will correspond to a variation in decimation (D) equal 
to r, hence oJD=V. For the bifilar or horizontal force magnetometer at a place where the dip is 0, 
1 millimeter of its scale will be made to correspond to a variation of the horizontal component (H) 
of the magnetic force equal to 0.001 cos 0, hence oIZ"=.001 cos o expressed in the metric units of 
the force mm, mg, s. For the vertical force or balance magnetometer, 1 millimeter of the scale 
will be made to correspond to a variation of the vertical component (V) of the force =0.001, 
hence oF=.001 in the same units as above."** 

For absolute measures the Point Barrow party had Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetometer 
Iso. 11, and the Lady Franklin Bay party magnetometer No. 12, both new instruments, made by 
Fauth & Co., of Washington. Kew dip circle No. 23 was taken to the former place, and Kew dip 
circle No. 19 to the latter, both instruments the property of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The 
magnetometers are described and figured (Plate No. 36) in Coast and Geodetic Report for 1881, 
Appendix No. 8. The Kew dip and intensity circles with needles 9 centimeters in length are well 
known. 

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OP UGLAAMIE STATION, ALASKA. 

The two United States Polar expeditions which had been organized under the orders of W". 
B. Hazen, brigadier and brevet major general, U. S. A., and Chief Signal Officer, left for their 
respective destinations early in the summer of 1881, the one for Alaska in command of P. H. Ray, 
lieutenant, IT. S. A., the other for Lady Franklin Bay in command of A. W. Greely, lieutenant, 
U. S. A. 



** Supposing, for the sake of illustration, that at Point Barrow J7=0.0r> (in >'"». mg, s, units) and t)=8~ll z , ruen 

cos 0=.1478 and <5 //=. 000 1478 =-L nearly. From cot s= SR - - we have log cot r=9.72822, hence s=6i c .">•> and 

ti/bG H arc 1 

the whole angle to he turned off would he 90° 4-2=151° 52'. For the vertical force instrument wo have from 
V= II tan 0, r=t;.:S.~>(io; also, total force F-=H see = 6.4272 and for S F=.001 (metric units), d -L= .0001573 The 



angular value of one division of each of the scales equals 1'. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 455 

Lieutenant Bay's party sailed from San Francisco in the Golden Fleece, July 18, and arrived 
off Uglaamie, near Point Barrow, September 8. The meteorological and magnetic station was 
established near the small Esquimaux settlement of that name,* about 17 kilometers or 10^ statute 
miles from Point Barrow and to the southward and westward of it, about 1.50 meters from the 
coast of the Arctic Ocean, and at an elevation of about 5 meters above its level. 

The geographical position of the station, as derived from dead reckoning on board the Golden 
Fleece, is given by Lieutenant Bayt as follows: Latitude 71° 17' 50", longitude 156° 23' 45" west 
of Greenwich. The astronomical observations at Uglaamie for position and direction of meridian 
were made by A. 0. Dark, and are contained in Appendix I to this report. Observations found 
defective or unreliable from whatever cause have been omitted in this appendix. The latitude 
here adopted results from two sets of observations, one of a series of double altitudes of the sun 
on April 28, 18S2, the other of two sets of single altitudes of the sun about upper and at lower cul- 
mination on June 24, 1S82. The first value from sextant observations has been given the weight 

4, and the second value from theodolite observations the weight 1 ; the resulting latitude becomes 
9> = 71° 17'.7 with an estimated probable error of ± 0'.3 According to British Admiralty Chart 
21G4 the position of Plover Point, where the English relief expedition under Commander E. 
Maguire, Eoyal Navy, was stationed in 1852, 1853 and 1854, is in latitude 71° 21' 25", and in lon- 
gitude 156° 16' 06" west of Greenwich. Following the trend of the coast between the cemetery 
and summer camp down to Uglaamie and converting the linear measures of the chart into differ- 
ence of latitude Aq> and difference of longitude JA, we find the latitude of Uglaamie station 
71° 21'.4 — 3'.5=71° 17'.9 and for the longitude of the station 156° 1G / .1+2S'.4=150° 44'.5 west of 
Greenwich. Since neither the first (nautical result) nor the last result (depending on estimated 
direction and distance) can compare in accuracy with the value deduced at the station, I shall 
adopt the value cp =71° 17'. 7 

The longitude adopted results from a chronometric determination made by the supply expedi- 
tion in the summer of 1S82 in the Leo, under the command of Lieutenant Powell, Signal Corps, U. 

5. A. The result as worked out by Mr.W. Upton, computer in the office of the Chief Signal Officer, 
is given in his report appended to " Signal Service Notes, No. V., "Work of the Signal Service in 
the Arctic Begions, prepared under the direction of General Hazen,Washiugton, 1883." It depends 
on four chronometers, the sea-rates of which could be established from observations at San Fran- 
cisco before and after the voyage, and at Plover Bay, East Siberia, during the voyage, though 
neither at Plover Bay nor at Uglaamie did the weather prove favorable. Mr. Upton's result is 
10 !l 26<" 39 s ± 10 s , or 156° 39' 45" ± 2' 30" ; it will be seen that this result is intermediate between 
tlvit derived from dead reckoning on board the Golden Fleeee and from the English determination 
of their station in 1853 to the southward and eastward of Barrow Point and referred to our station. 
Moreover we have two sets of lunar distances from the sun July 7, 1882, with the resulting longi- 
tude 10 k 25 m 57 s , and a set of lunar distances from Jupiter as observed at Point Barrow and referred 
to Uglaamie by the addition of 1™ 25 s , giving the result 10 u 27'" 14 s ; the mean of these two astro- 
nomical determinations is 10 h 26 m 36 s , which agrees so well with the above chronometric value, that 
I have adopted the latter, viz : 

A = 10'' 26 m 39 9 or 156° 39' 45" west of Greenwich. 

For the magnetic work we need the difference of longitude between Uglaamie and Gottiugen, 
Germany; taking the latter place to be C h 39 m 46 s .2 east of Greenwich, we have the required differ- 
ence ll h 06 m 25 a ± 10 s , by which amount Gottiugen is east of Uglaamie. 

The magnetic icorl: at Uglaamie, 1881, 1882, 1883. — The necessary buildings were erected with- 
out delay; October 3, 1881 the party was housed. October 17 the meteorological observations were 
commence!.', the instruments were mounted in accordance with the plan furnished with the instruc- 
tions, but \K was not till the 1st of December that the magnetometers were adjusted and the reg- 
ular hourly magnetic observations were recorded. Lieutenant Bay remarks :t 

* Called Ootivakli on Ivan Petroff's map of Alaska, Tenth Censns of the United States, Washington, 18*2. The 
name of Kokmullit, given on this iLap, is that of an Esquimaux settlement at Point Barrow. It is called Noo-wook o:\ 
the Admiralty Chart of 185:1 (No. 2164.) 

f Report of Chief Signal pfficcr of September 15, 1831. 

t In his report to tho Chief Signal Officer, dated at Uglaamie, Aug. 25, 1882. 



• \ 



456 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



"The three magnetic instruments were mounted on wooden piers, the season being too far 
advanced to place masonry. Posts 12 inches square were set into the frozen earth to a depth of 
1 foot, and cemented into their place by pouring water around them and allowing it to freeze. 
The piers answered every purpose, were perfectly solid, and did not change their position in the 
slightest degree, and when the observatory was taken down this summer I found the ice around 
their base unmelted. As soon as the weather was warm enough, brick piers capped with stone 
were placed, and the instruments are now all in position on permanent piers." This operation 
occasioned an interruption in the hourly observations from July 22 to July 30, 1SS2. This first 
series closed with September 9, 1882; it includes term-day observations, also hourly observations 
of dipping needle deflected by a constant weight as a substitute for a vertical force measure; these 
latter observations of relative total force, while of small value as differential measure, may never- 
theless supply means for computing changes in the intensity which otherwise would have been 
wanting. 

The supply party in the Leo arrived off Uglaamie August 20, 1882, with the Brooke mag- 
netometers ; they were mounted on brick piers, in a building especially erected for them, and their 
relative position was in strict conformity with the plan contained in the instructions. So long as 
thawing weather continued these piers lacked somewhat in stability, but the frost soon rendered 
them immovable. These instruments having been adjusted, the hourly series of observations com- 
menced September 12, 1882, and were continued without interruption to August 27, 1SS3; the term- 
day observations and those 



U. S. Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. 




jf 



r 



J& 



W 



J" 



# 



tf 



*r 



rt 



&«*« 



,lYW» ttft 






.*a# 



#* 



^ 



L**** " u ° 




Secpn.sC rami 



* 




Hows€ 



First Mag*- Ob$l 



dtt TJiSt.- 



for absolute measures were con- 
tinued throughout the second 
year of the occupation of the 
place. 

It has already been men- 
tioned that in consequence of 
unfavorable conditions be- 
tween August 22 and August 
29, 1883 (when the station was 
abandoned), no verification of 
the magnetic works could be 
made by Mr. R. A. Marr, but 
on the return voyage some 
magnetic observations were se- 
cured at Unalashka, and after 
the return of the instruments 
to Washington some additional 
verification work was done by 
Sergeant Maxfield in January 
and February, 18S1. 

The accompanying sketch 
shows the location of the mag- 
netic observations and the po- 
sition of the instruments. 

The first position of the 
magnetic observatory was a 
little to the westward of the 
new position shown on the 
sketch ; the change was made 
in July, 1882. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 457 



Part II.— ABSOLUTE MEASURES. 

MONTHLY VALUES OF THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION, DIP, AND INTENSITY AT UGLAAMIE, DE- 
CEMBER, 1881, TO AUGUST, 18S3. 

The horizontal direction of the magnetic force at Uglaamie was determined by means of Fauth 
& Co.'s magnetometer, Coast and Geodetic Survey, No. 11, mounted on the northern pier of the 
magnetic observatory built soon after the arrival of the party. In July, 1SS2, it was shifted to a 
new position, where it remained to the close of the work. This instrument served both, for the 
absolute as well as for the differential or variation measures; the latter observations, however, 
were discontinued on the arrival in the second year of the Brooke variation instruments. The 
instrument was not well adapted for differential work, as has been stated. 

From returns brought home in the Leo, it was evident that the declinations were defective, 
for some reason not then apparent ; also, that the magnet, which, was a new one, bad parted with 
much of its magnetism. It became desirable, therefore, practically to test the condition of the 
instrument for accurate work as soon as this could be done. It was returned to the office at Wash- 
ington January 12, 1884, and after undergoing some trifling repairs, due to defective packing, 
Sergeant Maxtield was directed to determine the declination with it at the magnetic observatory 
in this city,* also to furnish some additional measures of the instrumental constants, those obtained 
by Sergeant Smith in June, 1881, not being deemed sufficient. These measures proved that the 
instrument was still in a satisfactory condition. 

When the full returns came to hand it became evident that the discrepancies noticed in the 
monthly values of the declination were due to a want of attention to the suspension fiber. The 
plane of detorsion was apparently placed in the magnetic meridian in December, 1881, but no 
further test or adjustment was made till March, 18S3. During this period the force of torsion had 
gradually increased (from unknown causes) and affected the declination to the amount of nearly 
5£° in September, 1SS2. After this date this deflection remained perfectly steady, until removed 
in March, 1883. 

For the first six months the monthly results refer to the mean declination of the day (from 24 
hourly values), but after the arrival of the Brooke differential instruments the declinations were 
referred to the mean of the respective months through hourly corresponding readings of the Fauth 
& Co. magnetometer No. 11 . and the Brooke declinometer. These corresponding readings generally 
extend over 6 hours on each day of observation. 

The record and computation of the absolute measures are contained in accompanying Appen- 
dix No. 2. Placing little reliance on the determination in December, 1881, on account of a weak 
astronomical azimuth, and omitting for the present all results of 1SS2 and those for 1883, up to the 
middle of March, we have the following reliable values, which rest on a new astronomical azimuth, 
determined July 25, 1882, and which are roughly checked by a second measure, taken on the 
Brooke declination pier August 31, 18S2, the same mark! being used and all distances being known. 
The observations of July 31 are rejected, there being apparently an error of about 4J°: 

* The observations made February 5 and 7, 1884, gave for the declination 3° 5?'. 9 W. The same computed from 
annual observations made at Washington, D. C, since 1S77, is 4° 00'. 4 W. : difference, 2'.5 The measures for intensity 
■were equally satisfactory. 

t Distance magnetometer No. 11 to mark 900 feet, and to Brooke decliuomoter, 39.5 feet. First position of instru- 
ment November 21, 1881, azimuth of mark on house, 96° 13' W. of N. from observation on Jupiter ; second position of 
instrument, July 25, 1882, mark 4C° 36' E. of N. from observation of the sun. 

H. Ex. 44 5S 



458 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tabic of resulting magnetic declinations at Uglaamic blation. 

[Values reduced to mean of month by moans of the differential observations] 



j 








Corresponding j 


Date. 

i 

1 




I). 


Monthly menu values. 


mean ot leadings ' 

of Brooke 

declinometer. 

i 


1SS3. 


o 


, 


1883. 


o / 


Divisions. 


March 31 


35 


33. 3 E. 


March 


—35 33.3 


484.7 


April 14 


35 


31.7 


April 


29.0 


482.1 


April 30 


35 


20.4 


May 


28. G 


4~fi. 


May 14 


35 


30.8 


June 


11.8 


475. 7 


May 31 


35 


20.3 


July 


47.8 


474.0 


Juno 14 


35 


25.2 


August 


30.1 


473.5 


June 30 
July 14 


34 


58 3 








35 


47.8 


MeanD 


—35 30.1 


Mean 477. 6= ro 


August 14 


35 


30.1 


Corresponding to the epoch June 1, 188S 


. 



The following results, except the first, are those mentioned as affected by torsion; some of these 
we propose to use differentially — they are all reduced to the mean of the month respectively : 



1881. 


o 




1882. 


o 


, 


December 11 


35 


15. 7 E. 


October 31 


41 


17. 7 E. 








November 1G 


41 


18.7 


1882. 






November 30 


41 


14.7 


January 24 


37 


28.8 


December 14 


41 


08.8 


A prill 8 


39 


49.9 


i 






May 24 


39 


06.1 


1883. 






June 17, 18 


39 


47.4 


January 1 


41 


15.1 


July 19, 20 


39 


54.0 


January 14 


41 


10.3 


August 19 * 


41 


14.9 


Jannary 31 


41 


24.7 


August 31 


41 


23.4 


February 14 


41 


26.1 


September 14 


41 


19.7 


February 28 1 


40 


16.7 


September 30 


41 


35.5 


March 14 J 


36 


02.0 


October 14 


41 


23.0 









'■'Now position of instrument and a new azimuth used here. 
t Torsion partly removed by observer. 

J Observer attempted to take out the torsion. After this date the magnet was suspended on a single fiber; it had previously been 
suspended on two fibers. 

Toward the middle of August, 18S2, the deflecting force of torsion had become constant and 
remained so till the middle of February the following year. For this period we have the follow- 
ing means and the corresponding monthly means of the readings and of the Brooke differential 
magnetometer ; the mean correction to the absolute results is then found as shown below : 



Date. 


D! 

observed 
declination. 


Brooke 

declinometer, 

r 


Ar = n> — r 


D + AT \ C0T %f° n j Corrected 
+ torsion. declination. 

1 j 


1882. 
August 19, 31 
September 14, 30 
October 14, 31 
November 16, 30 
December 14 

1883. 
January 1,14, 31 
February 14 


o / 
-41 19.2 
24.6 
20.4 
16.7 
08.8 

16.7 
26.1 


(498.0) 
(495.6) 
489.8 
489.9 

48S.1 
489.4 


-20.4 
18.0 
12.2 
12.3 

19.5 
11.8 


o / 

-35 50. 5 
48.1 
42.3 
42.4 

40.6 
41.9 


o / 

+ 5 34.1 
32.3 
34.4 
26.4 

36.1 
44.2 


o / 
-35 44.6 
50.0 
45.8 
42.1 
34.2 

42.1 
51.5 


Mean 


+ 5 34.6 





The two values within parentheses in column headed r are interpolated : Mean reading of decli- 
nometer for the last 5 months, 476 d .2, and for the preceding 5 months, 4S8' 1 .4, hence difference for 5 
months, 12 d .2, or monthly change, 2'.4, and the first interpolated value becomes 4 x 2.4 + 4SS.4 = 498.0 
The fifth column gives the computed declination corresponding to difference r — r : or for the reading 
r, and the torsion correction is determined by the difference D — D 2 . Our completed series, when 
compared with the preceding series (March to August, 18S3), exhibits necessarily a trace of the 
comparatively rapid monthly decrease in the differential series between February, 1SS3 (mean 4S9.5) 
and May, 1883 (mean 470.1), but the magnitude of the errors of observation of the absolute measures 
forbids any attempt at correction of the differential series. Omitting the value for August, 1S82, 
we finally have the table of absolute values, as follows : 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 

Resulting monthly means of the magnetic declination at Uglaamie, 



459 



1882. 


O 1 


1883. 


O ' 


September 


—35 50.0 


March 


—35 33.3 ■ 


October 


45.8 


April 


29.0 


November 


42.1 


May 


28.0 | 


December 


34.2 


Juiie 


11.8 1 


1883. 




July 


47.8 | 


January 


42.1 


August 


30.1 


February 


51. 5 






For the epoch March 1, 1883 


—35 37.2 | 



The value —35° 27' .2 for the epoch March 1, 1883, is preferred to the value deduced, above for 
the epoch Juue 1, 1883. The corresponding value of the Brooke declinometer reading is 484.7 

Respecting the annual change of the declination due to the secular variation, we know from 
the general discussion of the secular variation,-' Appendix No. 12, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report 
for 1SS2, that the eastern declination in Alaska is now* diminishing. The expression for the secular 
variation at the two stations nearest to Point Barrow, viz, Port Clarence, in cp = 05° 17' and 
A = 106° 19' west of Greenwich, and Chamisso Island, in q> = GG° 13'.3 and A = 101° 4S'.7 west of 
Greenwich, give for the annual change in 1880 and 1885 the values + 10'. 3 and + 11'. 3 for Port 
Clai'ence, and +10'.7 and + 12'. for Chamisso Island, and we have to expect a greater value at 
Point Barrow. Captain Maguire determined the declination at that place in 1853, and found 
— 40° 21', or, when reduced to Uglaamie, about — 40° 0G V , which, compared with our value above, 
gives almost exactly a diminution of 4J° between 1853 and 1S83. It is known, from the other sta- 
tions, that this declination has not passed through a maximum within the last thirty years, but has 
diminished gradually, with an accelerating rate. For uniform speed, the annual change would be 
+ 10' ; it is, therefore, probably near + 15'. The absolute measures — September, 18S2, to August, 
1883 — would give the value + 28'. 4, which is known to be greatly in excess, and if we fall back on 
the differential series, we obtain a value but a trifle less, and undoubtedly affected by torsion in 
the suspension skein of the declinometer, which was never re-examined after the first adjustment 
had been made. Omitting the readings between March and April, when the torsion was most 
pronounced, a discussion of the 5 monthly means, November, 1S82, to February, 1S83, inclusive, 
give ;i monthly change m — — 0'.97, and a discussion of the 4 monthly means for May, June, July, 
August, 1883, gives m — — 1'.15, but if Apiil be included m = — 1'.92, mean = — 1'.53- mean of 
first and last value — 1'.25, hence annual change + 15'. 0, which is adopted as the most probable 
value. 

ABSOLUTE MEASURES — RESULTS OP THE MAGNETIC DIP. 

The observations were made with the Kew Dip Circle,* L. Casella (London), No. 4370, or Coast 
and Geodetic Survey, No. 23. It remained mounted on its pier in the small magnetic observatory 
during the stay at Uglaamie. The instrument left Washington June 23, 1881, and was returned 
January 12, 1S84, only sustaining the breakage of one of the dipping needles. Test observations 
made by Sergeant Maxfield at Washington in January and February, 1884, on four days, gave 
very satisfactory results. (See results for intensity.) 

Observations were generally made on tlrree days each mouth. The series commences with 
November 30, 1SS1, and ends with August 14, 1883. It does not appear that there is any appre- 
ciable difference in the results by needles 1 and 2; they are therefore combined indiscriminately. 
The following monthly means are made up from the individual results contained in Appendix No. 2, 
and they are here arranged with a view of deducing, if practicable, from the monthly values, taken 
at an interval of a year, a value for the annual change of the dip, independent of any annual 
variation. 



* Figured in Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1881, Appendix No. 8, Plate No. 37. 



460 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



1. Table of resulting dip at Uglaamie. 



D.'tte of observations. 


I 

Observed 
dip 0i. 


Date of observations. 


Observed 
dip 0n. 


Annual 
change. 
0H — 01. 


1881. 
December— 1, 17, IS, 19 

1882. 
January 18, 19, 20 
February 16, 17, 18 
March 17, 18, 19 
April 17, 18, 19 
May 17, 18, 19 
June 1G, 18, 19 
July 17, 18, 19 
August 17,18,19 
September— 1, 14, 30 
October 14, 31 
If ovember 16, 30 


o / 

81 24. G 

22.4 . 

27.1 ; 

27.6 
24. 3 i 
22.2 
24.0 

21.5 1 
22.8 
"2 2 


1882. 
December 14 

1883. 
January 1, 14, 31 
February 14, 28 
March 14, 25 
April— 1, 14, 30 
May 14,23 
June— 1, 14, 30 

July 14, i [|1] 


o / 
81 22.4 

22.0 

24.8 
25.0 
24.5 
22.6 
23.9 

19.2 


—2.2 

—0.4 
—2.3 
—2.6 
+0.2 
+0.4 
—0.1 

—2.3 


22.6 ; 
22. 8 ! 


Means 


81 23.4 


—1.2 



Mean dip from twenty months of observation, 81° 23'.4, answering- to the epoch October 1, 
1S82. Annual diminution of the dip, 1'.2 

Applying the effect of the secular variation, or, more properly, of the annual change to the mean 
monthly values, i. e. to J [Bi+8 U ) for the months from December to July, inclusive, and to B 1 the 
correction— O'.G for the months of August, September, October, and November, we obtain the 
following table of monthly dip values, all reduced to the same epoch, and which, therefore, should 
indicate any annual variation that may exist, unless in consequence of the smallness of such vari- 
ation it be hidden by the observing errors : 

2. Table of mean monthly dips reduced to the same epoch (December, 1882). 



Date, middle of month. 


Mean dip. 


Correction for 
annual change. 


Dip referred 
to epoch. 


December, 1881 and 1882 


O ' 

81 23. 5 


—0.6 


o / 

81 22. 9 


January, 1882 and 1883 


22.2 


—0. 5 


21.7 


February, 1882 and 1883 


25.9 


—0.4 


25.5 


March, 1882 and 1883 


26.3 


—0.3 


26.0 


April, 1882 and 1883 


24.4 


—0.2 


24.2 


May, 1882 and 1883 


22.4 


—0.1 


22.3 


June, 1882 and 1883 


23.9 


+0.1 


24.0 


July, 1882 and 1883 


20.4 


+0.2 


20.0 


August, 1882+6 months 


22.2 


+ 0.3 


22. 5 


September, 1882+6 months 


21.6 


+0.4 


22.0 


October, 1882+6 months 


22. 


+ 0.5 


22.5 


jST ovember, 1882+6 months 


22. 2 


+0. G 


22.8 



If the results exhibited in the last column of the table can be trusted for such small differences 
from the mean (81°23 / .l), they would indicate a slightly greater dip about the time of the vernal 
equinox and a slightly smaller dip about the time of the autumnal equinox. 

The probable uncertainty of a monthly determination of the dip, i. c, of any one of the values 



-J'.O 



= ± 1'.4 about. 



B, or B n is found to be — ^===1 
V'6 

Observations at Washington, D. C; at Toronto, Canada; at Madison, Wis.; at EsquimauU, 
British Columbia; at Sitka, Alaska, and at many intermediate places (see preface to ''Diary of a 
magnetic survey of a portion of the Dominion of Canada," by General Sir J. H. Lefroy, London, 
1SS3) show that the dip as well as the total intensity of the magnetic force are at the present time 
and have been for some years past slowly decreasing, and our result at Uglaamie is conformable 
with this general and extended action of the secular change. General Lefroy also states that at 
Fort Kae, Great Slave Lake, the present rate of the secular variation is — P. 7 per annum, deter- 
mined from comparisons of observations by Capt. H. P. Dawson, with an earlier deduction. Both 
at Washington and Toronto the dip reached a maximum in 1S.39, at which time it is nearly certain 
that the total force had been declining for some years. In 1853, Captain Maguire, P. N., found the 
dip at Plover Point, about 2J miles southeast of Barrow Point, 81° 30' (Phil. Trans. Roy. Socy, 
18o7, vol. 147, Part II, London, 1S5S), indicating an apparent diminution of 13' in 29 years, but it 
is highly probable that since Captain Maguire7s occupation of this point the dip was on the increase 
for a few years before its present reversed motion commenced. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



461 



ABSOLUTE MEASURES : 



TOTAL MAGNETIC 



FORCE. 



The observations for horizontal force were made with magnetometer Coast and Geodetic Survey 
No. 11, mounted on its pier in the small magnetic observatory ; on its return to Washington in 
January, 1884, the glass tube was found broken; it was replaced by a spare tube, and after repair- 
ing some trifling damages, additional observations were made here by Sergeant Maxfleld for a 
better determination of the instrumental constants.* He also made the observations of deflections 
by gravity and by magnetism with the Lloyd needle of dip-circle No. 23, which were required to 
furnish the constant for converting relative total intensity into absolute measure. 

Constants of magnetometer No. 11: Mass of ring 300.767 grains, outer diameter 3.779 cm., inner 
diameter 2.953 cm., thickness 0.529 cm., measured April 29, 1881, at 77° Fall., again from measures 
on April 30 at 73° Fah. outer diameter 1.4S95 inches, inner diameter 1.160 inches, thickness 0.208 
inches ; the ring is of bronze. Moment of mass Mi at any temperature t (Fah.) in units of feet 
and grains=0.93070 [l-f.00002 {t— 75°)]. From observations of oscillations of long or intensity 
magnet L n with and without ring, by Sergeants Smith, in June, 1881, and Maxfleld, in January, 
1884, we have at the temperature of 62° Fah. : 



Date 


M 


10 


1881, 

June 10 

11 

17 
1884. 
January 28 

Weighted mean 


0. 87898 
0. 87761 
0. 87723 

0. 87515 


1 
2 

7 

3 


if=0. 87C94 



hence M for any temperature t (Fah.), M =0.87694 [1+. 0000136 (*— 62°)]; length of collimator 
magnet L u 2.48 inches, diameter 0.33 inch about; length of shorter magnet S n 2.04 inches, diam- 
ter 0.34 inch about. Scale of declination magnet L u , 80 divisions; angular value of scale 3'.69 
The temperature coefficient determined from the monthly observations of the intensity at Uglaamie 
was found to equal g=.00085, a value rather large and probably related to the rapid loss of mag- 
netism of L n when first magnetized; the magnetic momentum of this magnet changed from about 
0.0693 (English units) in December, 1881, to 0.0671 in January, 1884. 

From the monthly observations at Uglaamie the following results were deduced: 

Table of resulting values for magnetic horizontal force (H) at Uglaamie, as determined by magnetometer 
No. 11 from oscillations and deflections, and expressed in English units. 



Date of observations. 


JH" 


m at 62° F. 


Date of observations. 


H 


m at 62° F. 


Apparent annual 
change aK 


1881, December 17, 18, 19 

1882, Jannaryt 18, 19, 20 
February 16, 17, 18 
March 17, 18, 19 
Apriit 17, 18, 19 
May 17, 18, 19 
June 17, 18, 19 
July 18, 19, 20 
August 17, 18, 19 
September— 1, 14, 30 
October 14, 31 
November 14, 30 


1.932 
1. 916 
1.930 
1. 912 
1.940 
1.923 
1.930 
1.924 
1.948 
1.939 
1.930 
1.972 


. 0671 ? 

.0093 

.0690 

.0696 

.0690 

.0692 

.0690 

.0695 

. 0085 

.0685 

.0686 

. 0682 


1882, December 14 

1883, January 1, 14, 31 
February 14, 28 
March 14, 31 
April 14, 30 
May 14, 31 
June 14, 30 
July 14, 31 
August 14 

Mean 


1.955 
1.930 
1.942 
1.928 
1. 956 
1.954 
1. 955 
1.930 
1.956 


.0679 
.0681 
. 0075 
.0683 
.0669 
. 0676 
.0662 
.0670 
.0600 


+0. 023 
.014 
.012 
.016 
.010 
.031 
.019 
.000 
.008 


1.939 


.0681 


+0. 015 



Mean horizontal component of magnetic intensity from 21 months of observation 1.939, (English 
units), for epoch October (middle), 1882. Annual apparent increase, -f 0.015 

*The following results were deduced from Sergeant Maxlield's observations at Washington : January 28, 1884, 
H-A.yio (English units) ; dip January 30, 31,' February 1, 2, 1884, 0=70° 37'. 3, hence F=13.1S5 These results com- 
pare favorably with the values deduced (and referred to same time) from 18 years of annual determinations in the 
came place, viz, 7fc:4.378, 0=70° 39/4, I<=13.218 

1 Oscillations alone on January 18, 19 and April 17. 



462 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



From evidence similar to that given for the dip, but less conclusive, it is probable that H is on 
the increase, though the above amount appears far too large. In the discussion of Captain 
Maguire's observations at Barrow Point in lS52-'53~'54, Sir Edward Sabine assumes if for that epoch 
about 1.70 This value when compared with the above would indicate an annual increase of about 
+0.005 

Second and independent determination of the horizontal force by means of the Kew Dip 
Circle, according to Doctor Lloyd's method* of deflections by gravity and by magnetism in con- 
junction with dip observations. This method has the great advantage of being independent of the 
temperature and of any loss of magnetism of the needle, and applies well for stations in high 
magnetic latitude. 

The monthly observations for intensity with the Dip Circle at Uglaamie commence in June, 
1882, and terminate with August, 1883. Washington, D. C, was selected as a base station, and 
the value of the constant A=H sec 6 Vsiu «o sin u' sec jj became known from the observations 
of Sergeant Maxfield, in January and February, 1884. We have for the deflecting weight employed 
at Uglaamie previous to September, 1882, the values: 

37o=41° 04'. 4 from 12 sets of observations, Lloyd's needle No. 4 weighted; February 15, 

1884. 
i9 =70° 39'.4 from annual observations for 18 years, 1867 to 1884, reduced to February, 

1884. 
?< =29° 35/.0 

?f' =37° 19M from 12 sets of observations, Lloyd's needle No. 4, deflecting No. 3, Feb- 
ruary 15, 1884. 
Hence log A=0.92055, using .Ho=4.378, as deduced from annual observations for IS years, 1807 to 
1884, reduced to February, 1884. 

For the deflecting weight employed at Uglaamie after August 23, Ave have 

3j =41° 34'.6 from 7 sets of observations, Lloyd's needle No. 4 weighted; January 30, 31, 

February 1, 2, 1884. 
(9 =70° 37'.3 from 10 sets of observations, dip circle No. 23. 
ti u =2Qo 02'.7 

?(' =37 o 16'.0 from 7 sets of observations, Lloyd's needle No. 4, deflecting No. 3; date as 
above. 
Hence, log A =0.91759 

The results at Uglaamie are then worked out by the formula 



J2=A cos 6\/cos rj cosec u cosec u' 

which were tabulated as follows : 

Table of resulting values for magnetic horizontal force (H) at Uglaamie, as determined by 
Kew Dip Circle No. 23, from gravity and magnetic deflections: 



Date of observations. 


H. 

1 


Date of observations. 


*. ! 


1882. 




188J. 


i 


JunelG, 18, 19 


1.945 


February 14, 28 


1.922 | 


July 17, 18, 19 


1.958 


Marcb 14, 31 


1.928 1 


August 17, 18, 19 


1.930 


April 14, 30 


1.918 1 


September— 1, 14, 30 


1.934 


May 14, 31 


1.928 


October 14, 31 


1.958 


June 14, 30 


1.929 


November 10, 30 


1.930 


July 14, 31 


1. 935 ! 


December 14 


1.928 


August 14 


1.933 I 


1883. 




Mean 


1.935 


January 1, 14, 31 


1.944 


1 





Mean horizontal component of magnetic intensity from 15 months of observations, 1.935 (English 
units), for the epoch January (middle), 1883, with apparently an annual diminution. 



* Directions for measurement of terrestrial magnetism. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1881, Appendix 
No. 8, p. 145, Art. (16). 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



4G3 



The mean values of if by the two instruments and methods agree well, ami the monthly value: 
may therefore advantageously be united as shown below: 



i 

Daic. 


H by mag- 
netometer. 


JI by dip. 


Mean 
adopted. ■ 


Date. 


11 by mag- 
netometer. 


JI by dip. 


Mean 
adopted. 


Apparent 
annual 
change. 

; 


1881. 








1882. 










1 December 


1.932 





— — 


December 


1 . 9.35 


1.928 


1.941 


+.009 


1882. 








1883. 










January 


1.910 








January 


1.930 


1.944 


1.937 


+.021 


February 


1.930 





— . — 


February 


1. 942 


1.922 


1.932 


+. 002 


March 


1. 912 





. — _ 


March 


1.928 


1.928 


1. 928 


+.016 


April 


1.946 








April 


1.950 


1.918 


1.937 


-.009 


May 


1.923 







May 


1.954 


1.928 


1.941 


+.018 


Jane 


1.936 


1.915 


1.940 


Juno 


1.955 


1.929 


1.942 


+.002 


July- 


1.924 


1.958 


1.941 


July 


1.930 


1.935 


1. 932 


-. 009 


August 


1.948 


1.930 


1.939 


August 


1.950 


1.933 


1.944 


+. 005 


i September 


1.939 


1.934 


1.936 
















( Ictober 


1.930 


1.958 


1.947 






Mean 


1.936 


+.000 


No v ember 


1.972 


1.930 


1. 951 ; 


■ 











Mean H from 21 months of observation, 1.936, answering- to the epoch October (middle), 18S2. 
Annual increase approximately 0.006 

The following table contains the resulting monthly values for the horizontal, the vertical and 
the total intensity, the last two quantities computed from the relations, Y=H tan 6 and F =H sec 0; 

In order to facilitate comparisons of similar quantities at other stations, using different units 
of measure, the values of H, V, E at TJglaamie are given in the table expressed in the three differ- 
ent systems of units at present in use, viz : the English system in foot, grain and second units : 
the Gaussian system in millimeter, milligramme, second units ; and the British Association or the 
C. G-. S. system in centimeter, gramme, second units, or dynes. 

Resulting horizontal, vertical and total magnetic force at Uglaamic. 







| 

Horizontal force H. 


Vertical force V. 


Total force 


F. 


Date. 


Dip 0. 


<e 


o5 
'2 


a 




01 

'3 


OS 
09 

a 


| 


01 

'3 


01 
0D 

a 






a 




c*> 


a 


3 


>i 


a 


3 








2 




-3 


a 


a 


*& 






•a 






H 


« 


— 


A 


<a 


■* 


s. 


a 








n 


cc 


m 


01 


CO 


tC 


OS 


oi 


oi 






=0 


3 


O 


Sfc 


3 


e 


To 


5 


6 












a 






a 


C5 








M 


o 


O 


S 


c 


D 


'A 


C 


O 


1881. 


o / 




















December 


81 24.6 


1.932 


0. 8908 


. 08908 


. 12. 790 


5.897 


.5897 


12.935 


5.964 


.5964 


1882. 






















January 


22.4 


; 1.916 


0. 8834 


. 08834 


12. 629 


5.823 


.5823 


12. 774 


5.890 


.5890 


February 


27.1 


I 1. 930 


0. 8899 


. 08899 


| 12.840 


5.920 


.5920 


j 12.984 


5.987 


.59S7 


March 


27.0 


1. 912 


0. 8816 


. 0881G 


i 12.733 


5. 871 


.5871 


12.875 


5.936 


.5936 


April 
May 


24.3 


1.946 


0. 8973 


. 08973 


12. 875 


5.936 


. 5936 


13. 021 


6.004 


.6004 


22.2 


1.923 


0. 8867 


.08867 , 


12. 670 


5.842 


. 5842 


12. 816 


5.909 


.3909 


June 


24.0 


: 1.940 


0. 8945 


. 08945 


12. 828 


5. 915 


.5915 


12.974 


5.982 


.5982 


July 


21.5 


1.941 


0. 8950 


. 08950 


12. 772 


5. 889 


.5889 


: 12. 918 


5.950 


. 5956 


1 August 


22.8 


1. 939 


0. 8940 


.08940 


12. 791 


5.898 


.5898 


j 12.937 


5. 965 


. 5965 


September 


22.2 


1. 936 


0. 8927 


. 08927 


12. 756 


5.882 


.5882 


12. 902 


5.949 


.5949 


October 


22.6 


1.947 


0. 8977 


. 08977 


12. 839 


5. 920 


.5920 


: 12.986 


5.988 


.5988 


Xoyember 


22.8 


1.951 


0. 8996 


. 08996 


12,870 


5.934 


.5934 


13.017 


6.002 


.6002 


December 


22.4 


1.941 


0. 8950 


. 08950 


12. 794 


5. 899 


. 5899 


12.941 


5.967 


.5967 


1883. 






















January 


22.0 


1.937 


0. 8931 


. 08931 


12.758 


5. 882 


. 5882 


12. 904 


5. 950 


.5950 


February 


24.8 


1.932 


0.8908 


. 08908 


12. 795 


5. 900 


. 5900 


12. 940 


5.966 


. 5966 


March 


25.0 


1.928 


0. 8890 


.08890 ; 


12. 774 


5. 890 


. 5890 


1 12.918 


5.950 


.5956 


April 


24.5 


1.937 


0. 8931 


.08931 ! 


12. 820 


5. 911 


. 5911 


12. 966 


5.978 


.5978 


May 


22.6 


1.941 


0. 8950 


.08950 | 


12.799 


5. 901 


. 5901 


12. 946 


5.969 


. 5969 


June 


'J3. 9 


1.942 


0. 8954 


.08654 ! 


12.838 


5. 919 


. 5919 


12. 984 


5. 987 


. 5987 


July 


19.2 


1. 932 


0. 8908 


.08908 I 


12. 655 


5. 835 


. 5835 


12. 802 


5.903 


.5°p3 


August 
■ Mean. Octo- 


81 (22. 2) 


1.944 


0. 8963 


.08963 


12. 809 


5.900 


.5906 


12. 956 


5.974 


. 59(4 






















ber, 1882. 


81 23. 4 


1.93G 


0. 8927 


.08927 


12. 780 


5.895 


.5895 


12.932 


5.963 


.5963 



To an annual change of 68 in the dip 6 and an annual change SH in the horizontal component 
of the force H there correspond annual changes of tfFand 6F in the vertical component Fand in 
the total force F, respectively, viz : 

f n r =tan f)6H+ll sec 2 8d8 6F==sec f>6H+H sin H sec 2 6dH 

hence for 68=— ¥.2 and 6\ff==+0.000, we find 6 F=+0.010 and o\F= +0.010 in English units, and 
in dynes with 8H= + .00028, 6V=.00046 and <JF=:.0004G 



464 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

The topography of the accompanying map is compiled from surveys of 1853 (by Captain 
Maguire, R. N.), of 1881-S3 (by Lieutenant Ray, XL S. A.) ; for the positions and names of the 
small lakes northwest of Uglaamie I am indebted to Sergeant Murdoch ; the two astronomical 
stations are laid down by their observed latitude and longitude. The distribution of the magnetic 
declination for 1883 is shown by two isogonic lines, the direction and distance of which are taken 
from my paper on the distribution of magnetism in the United States (Coast and Geodetic Survey 
[Report for 1882, Appendix No. 13). The isoclinic and isodynamic (horizontal force) lines incline 
about 50° TV. of N., or about 5° more than the isogonic lines, but no precise data are available. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 465 



Part III— DIFFERENTIAL MEASURES. 

HOURLY VARIATIONS OF THE DECLINATION, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTENSITIES, WITH 
BI-MONTHLY TERM-DAY READINGS, AT UGLAAMIE, DECEMBER, 1881, TO AUGUST, 1883. 

T. The observations of the first year of occupation consist of hourly readings of the Fauth & 
Co. magnetometer, Coast and Geodetic Survey No. 11 ; of the bifilar magnetometer, Coast and 
Geodetic Survey No. 2 ; and of Dip Circle, Coast and Geodetic Survey No. 23, comprising varia- 
tions in the magnetic declination in the horizontal and in the total intensities between December, 
1881, and September, 1882, together with term-day readings at the beginning and middle of each 
month, as agreed upon for the Polar stations. There were four observers, viz : Sergt. James 
Cassidy, Sergt. John Murdoch, Sergt. Middleton Smith, and A. C. Dark. They took regular 
turns, each observing four hours at a time. Fifteen readings were taken each hour, five for 
each instrument, viz, 6 minutes and 3 minutes before and after and at the full hour, commencing 
with the declinometer and immediately followed by readings of the bifilar and dip instruments. 
The temperature was noted. The presence of an aurora is indicated by an asterisk. 

The instrumental outfit of the second year of occupation being far more complete than that of 
the first year, only so much of the record and discussion of the first year's work will be given here 
as seems desirable; further consideration will be given to this year's record after the presentation 
of the second year's work. 

II. The observations of the second year of occupation consist of hourly readings of the Brooke 
magnetometers, comprising variations in the magnetic declination, in the horizontal intensity, and 
in the vertical intensity, between September, 1882, and August, 1883, together with term-day 
readings on the 1st and 15th of each month, as agreed upon for the Polar stations. The observa- 
tions were made by six observers, viz: Sergeants Murdoch and Smith and Mr. Dark, as in the 
previous year, and Sergt. J. E. Maxfield, with Privates C. Ancor and J. Guzman. They took 
watches of four hours each in regular rotation. Six readings were taken every hour, viz : The 
horizontal force magnetometer was read 1J minutes before and again 1£ minutes after the full 
hour, the declinometer was read 1 minute before and 1 minute after, and the vertical force mag- 
netometer ^ minute before and £ minute after the full hour. The temperature was noted by two 
thermometers suspended inside the cases or zinc covers of the horizontal force magnetometer and 
ef the declinometer. Suitable centigrade thermometers had been ordered, but they were not 
received in time, and none was placed inside the case of the vertical force magnetometer. The 
temperature of this magnet can be inferred from the mean of the readings of the thermometers of 
the other instruments, which rarely deviated more than half a degree. The presence of an aurora 
is indicated by an asterisk. 

ADJUSTMENT OF THE BROOKE DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETOMETERS. 

The unifilar magnetometer. — The length of 1 division of the scale is 1 millimeter; the radius, 
mirror to scale, is 1.719 meter; hence the angular value of I division of the scale=l'. 

(1) Observations for torsion coefficient, September 9, 1882, l h p. m. When in the magnetic 
H. Ex. 41 59 



46G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



meridian the plane of detorsion read 164° 30', and by turning the torsion circle 90° first backward, 6 
next forward, and again to the first position, we have the readings : 



Torsion circle. 


Scale readings. 


Mean. 


Differences. 


Left. 


Right. 


164° 30- 

74 30 

254 30 

164 30 


d 

530 

456 

684 

770 


d 

519 

416 

499 

236 


d 
524.5 
430.0 
591.5 
503.0 


d 
88. 5 for 90° 
155. 5 for 180 
88. 5 for 90 



Mean deflection o = 83'.l for /? = 90°; hence - 



, = 0.01563, and the scale value a = l'.016 



/ 531C.9 

The fixed mirror was set to show scale division 50 bisected, and at h 08 m (September 10) a. m., 
Gottingen mean time, the magnetometer (movable mirror) was set to read 524. 

(2) On November 1, 4 h 52 m p. m., Gottingen time, both mirrors set to read 500. 

(3) The instrument was readjusted November 3, 6 h 10™ p. m. At 3 h 47 m p. m. the plane of de- 
torsion was found to read 51° 52', when the following observations were made : 



Torsion circle. 


Scale read- 
ings. 


Differences. 


51° 52' 
141 52 
321 52 

51 52 


d 

486 

592 

384 

487 


106 d for 90° 
208 for 180 
103 for 90 



Mean deflection a = 104'. 3 for /3 = 90°; hence- = ~ 4 - 3 =0.01970, and the new scale value a=l'.020 

/ 5295.7 

Fixed mirror reads 500, and the magnetometer (movable mirror) was set to 493 at 5 !> 16 ,u a. m., 
November 4, Gottingen time. Increasing scale divisions denote increasing easterly declination. 



* The circle is graduated from left to right. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



4G7 



DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS AT UGLAAMIE. 

.HOURLY READINGS OF THE BROOKE DECLINOMETER FROM SEPTEMBER 12, 1882, TO A UG UST 27, 1883. 

t Increasing scale numbers denote increasing easterly declination. Value of one division of scale between September 12, 1882, and November 
3, last observation, a = l'.016; from November 4 to close of series, a = 1.020 Tbe average scale reading, 484.7, corresponds approxi- 
mately to 35° 37'.2 E. declination. Tbe presence of an aurora is indicated by letters, thus : (a) a trace just visible, (6) a feeble display, 
(c) a moderate display, (d) a bright appearance, (e) a brilliant display. The two readings of the declinometer are given for each hour, 
as well as their mean. The two readings are placed opposite the brace in the first column, and their mean directly below. The extreme 
scale divisions are 200 and 800.] 

Hourly readings of the BrooTce declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, September, 1882. 

[Gottingen time.] 



Date. 


0" 


l h 


2 b 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


T h 


8>- 


9 b 


10 b 


ll h 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15* 


16 b 


17* 


IS* 


19 b 


20' 


2ih 


22 1 ' 


23 h 


Sept. 12*. [ 




515 


520 


510 


520 


522 


544 


525 


506 


498 


523 


517 


511 


522 


508 


525 


531 


524 


545 


562 


510 


490 


502 


519 




514 


521 


515 


518 


550 


521 


526 


515 


501 


520 


514 


506 


520 


512 


535 


534 


528 


549 


558 


519 


496 


515 


520 


Mean 




514 

520 


520 
544 


512 

481 


519 

512 


536 
524 


532 
504 


526 
498 


510 
590 


500 
490 


5226 
519 


516 

511 


508 
525 


521 

530 


510 
550 


530 
530 


532 
569 


526 
443 


547 
581 


560 
592 


514 
530 


493 

529 


508 
520 


520 


Sept. 13.. £ 


512 


513 


507 


521 


544 


509 


514 


525 


5C5 


498 


565 


494 


520 


513 


522 


534 


540 


535 


570 


444 


559 


584 


545 


522 


528 


518 


Mean 


510 


520 


544 


495 


513 


524 


504 


498 


57S 


492 


520 


512 


524 


532 


545 


532 


570 


444 


570 


588 


538 


526 


527 


5)6 


Sept. 14.. | 


515 


514 


510 


504 


498 


519 


510 


524 


527 


504 


397 


523 


525 


533 


521 


531 


562 


552 


528 


523 


528 


556 


516 


518 


514 


515 


515 


502 


509 


528 


506 


523 


522 


504 


403 


522 


518 


534 


523 


544 


5C4 


544 


529 


524 


530 


559 


514 


520 


Mean 


514 


514 


512 


503 


504 


524 


508 


524 


524 


504 


400 


522 


522 


534 


522 


538 


563 


548 


528 


524 


529 


558 


515 


519 


Sept. 15.. | 
Mean 


522 
525 
524 


525 


519 


526 


521 


517 


522 


537 


563 


578 


510 


538 


531 


529 


547 


550 


551 


541 


542 


541 


541 


547 


543 


532 


525 


519 


526 


521 


517 


522 


537 


563 


578c 


510 


538 


531a 


529a 


547 


550 


551 


541 


542 


541 


541 


547 


543 


532 


Sept. 16. £ 


535 


529 


532 


534 


529 


521 


518 


520 


519 


522 


527 


527 


525 


522 


510 


528 


523 


534 


536 


531 


533 


531 


542 


522 




532 


532 


532 


532 


520 


526 


517 


518 


521 


522 


524 


524 


523 


528 


525 


524 


535 


537 


527 


535 


530 


543 


520 


Mean 


535 " 


530 


532 


533 


530 


524 


522 


518 


518 


522 


524 


526 


524 


522 


519 


526 


524 


534 


536 


529 


534 


530 


542 


521 


Sept. 17t . [ 


518 


515 


518 


533 


519 


515 


519 


528 


528 


529 


524 


522 


525 


527 


534 


534 


535 


532 


547 


542 


532 


529 


531 


534 


510 


520 


517 


533 


521 


510 


515 


520 


537 


527 


526 


527 


526 


526 


531 


532 


534 


535 


554 


514 


531 


529 


532 


532 


Mean ... 


517 


518 


518 


533 


520 


512 


517 


527 


532 


528 


525 


524 


526 


526 


532 


533 


534 


534 


550 


543 


532 


529 


532 


533 


Sept. 18.. £ 


531 


504 


540 


530 


524 


521 


519 


520 


515 


522 


513 


518 


523 


524 


521 


519 


532 


569 


5S7 


540 


567 


509 


507 


507 


518 


503 


539 


535 


527 


521 


522 


525 


516 


523 


514 


516 


523 


524 


522 


523 


530 


504 


578 


539 


552 


510 


514 


509 


Mean .... 


524 


504 


540 


532 


526 


521 


520 


526 


516 


522 


514 


517 


523 


524 


522 


521 


531 


506 


582 


540 


560 


510 


510 


508 


Sept. 19.. £ 


507 


515 


518 


528 


518 


522 


523 


517 


514 


503 


518 


519 


517 


521 


515 


524 


527 


541 


546 


544 


556 


523 


524 


505 


505 


514 


519 


524 


520 


521 


520 


517 


517 


508 


521 


510 


515 


520 


514 


529 


524 


542 


539 


537 


549 


526 


529 


504 


Mean 


506 


514 


518 


526 


519 


522 


522 


517 


516 


506 


520 


518 


516 


520 


514 


526 


526 


542 


542 


540 


552 


524 


526 


504 


Sept. 20.. £ 


504 


507 


515 


519 


508 


512 


517 


517 


524 


508 


4S0 


512 


503 


515 


515 


522 


520 


531 


519 


529 


539 


540 


525 


534 


506 


512 


513 


520 


504 


515 


516 


513 


519 


5C8 


494 


516 


507 


510 


515 


523 


520 


531 


536 


528 


536 


539 


524 


539 


Mean 


505 


510 


514 


520 


506 


514 


516 


515 


522 


508 


490 


514 


505 


516 


515 


522 


520 


531 


528 


528 


538 


540 


524 


536 


Sept. 21 J. £ 


493 


516 


516 


524 


517 


521 


514 


518 


514 


505 


495 


478 


531 


527 


530 


523 


524 


532 


534 


530 


520 


525 


52U 


517 


490 


517 


510 


523 


514 


523 


518 


517 


510 


508 


496 


469 


529 


528 


529 


524 


527 


531 


536 


531 


524 


525 


523 


518 


Mean 


492 


516 


513 


524 


516 


522 * 


516 


518 


512 


506 


496 


474 


530 


528 


530 


524 


526 


532 


535 


530 


525 


525 


524 


518 


Sept 22.. £ 


520 


518 


522 


522 


520 


519 


517 


518 


523 


517 


508 


515 


525 


527 


535 


525 


532 


526 


532 


539 


528 


520 


521 


521 


522 


519 


523 


522 


520 


517 


516 


517 


518 


518 


522 


512 


524 


528 


518 


524 


532 


526 


533 


540 


525 


519 


522 


525 


Mean 


521 


518 


522 


522 


520 


518 


516 


518 


520 


518 


515 


514 


524 


528 


526 


524 


532 


526 


532 


540 


526 


520 


522 


523 


Sept. 23.. £ 


522 


525 


519 


520 


512 


514 


511 


522 


520 


519 


518 


524 


516 


522 


542 


549 


529 


544 


578 


541 


542 


522 


519 


516 


521 


522 


519 


520 


514 


515 


512 


521 


519 


519 


521 


518 


517 


520 


528 


530 


529 


537 


572 


546 


544 


520 


518 


515 


Mean 


522 


524 


519 


520 


513 


514 


512 


522 


520 


519 


520 


521 


516 


521 


535 


540 


529 


540 


575 


544 


543 


521 


518 


516 


Sept. 24.. | ||° 


525 


522 


520 


519 


523 


522 


521 


519 


521 


525 


523 


524 


518 


524 


531 


522 


537 


532 


535 


527 


533 


524 


524 


523 


522 


520 


523 


523 


522 


520 


520 


521 


524 


521 


525 


520 


521 


531. 


521 


539 


534 


535 


528 


535 


522 


527 


Mean .... 520 


524 


522 


520 


521 


523 


522 


520 


520 


521 


524 


522 


524 


519 


522 


531 


522 


538 


533 


535 


528 


534 


523 


526 


Sept. 25.. [l^ 


514 


514 


511 


510 


496 


483 


527 


502 


503 


499 


485 


503 


515 


533 


585 


556 


555 


544 


520 


519 


544 


513 


495 • 


514 


505 


502 


506 


507 


497 


523 


504 


504 


487 


4C8 


520 


517 


538 


611 


566 


554 


526 


524 


515 


543 


f.09 


4! :>, 


Mean 510 


514 


510 


506 


508 


502 


490 


525 


503c 


5046 


403d 


476 


512 


516 


536 


598 


561 


554 


535 


522 


517 


544 


511 


4114 


Sept. 26§.||jJ2 


512 


522 


5'20 


512 


513 


516 


530 


504 


442 


424 


515 


480 


534 


509 


521 


527 


526 


530 


524 


527 


532 


529 


499 


517 


519 


520 


513 


522 


516 


522 


507 


458 


455 


518 


510 


519 


507 


523 


525 


520 


531 


529 


528 


533 


534 


498 


Mean ,504 


514 


520 


520 


512 


518 


516 


526 


506 


450<i 


44 0d 


516a 


495c 


526 


508 


522 


526 


526 


530 


526 


528 


532 


532 


498 


Sept. 27.. {m 


515 


515 


509 


514 


498 


505 


515 


494 


530 


484 


528 


509 


544 


530 


526 


524 


521 


510 


527 


520 


526 


525 


517 


516 


516 


511 


515 


485 


511 


527 


475 


520 


448 


530 


503 


547 


522 


531 


525 


520 


530 


526 


518 


524 


523 


517 


Mean [526 


516 


516 


510 


514 


492 


508 


521 


484 


525 


406 


529 


506 


546 


526 


528 


524 


520 


530 


526 


519 


525 


524 


517 


Sept. 28.. {§}* 


511 


518 


512 


515 


514 


516 


518 


511 


502 


516 


517 


515 


502 


526 


520 


521 


529 


539 


528 


520 


511 


510 


514 


513 


515 


512 


514 


516 


518 


518 


516 


506 


516 


511 


512 


502 


525 


520 


522 


530 


545 


529 


522 


512 


514 


517 


Mean 514 


512 


516 


512 


514 


515 


517 


518 


514 


504 


516 


514 


514 


502 


526 


520 


522 


530 


542 


528 


521 


512 


512 


516 


Sept. 29.. J 


518 


517 


517 


513 


512 


514 


511 


517 


522 


498 


520 


482 


528 


520 


502 


516 


512 


531 


536 


525 


522 


516 


512 


513 


518 


517 


516 


514 


512 


514 


509 


518 


519 


502 


505 


480 


188 


527 


518 


514 


511 


531 


537 


527 


519 


514 


510 


512 


Mean 


518 


517 


516 


514 


512 


514 


510 


518 


520 


500 


512 


481 


508 


524 


510 


515 


512 


531 


536 


526 


520 


515 


511 


512 


Sept. 30|| . ^ 
Mean.... 


518 


511 


513 


513 


514 


511 


508 


512 


504 


505 


405 


585 


500 


518 


513 


518 


529 


528 


536 


529 


518 


519 


516 


517 


519 


510 


512 


513 


515 


511 


508 


509 


504 


505 


478 


502 


498 


516 


515 


515 


530 


529 


531 


524 


519 


520 


516 


513 


518 


510 


512 


513 


514 


511 


508 


5106 


5015 


5056 
511.2 


4726 
498.9 


588 


499 


517 


^i_ 


516 


530 


528 


534 


526 


518 


520 


516 


515 


Means ... 


515. 9'516. 5!520. 1 

1 i 


518.0 


515.9 


517.0 


514. 6 520. 2 


520.1 


517.0 


516.2 


523. 7 


524. 2 


531.4 


533. 4 


531.1 


542.5 


536.6 


530. 7 


526. 6 


522.1 


517. 1 



* Correction to Teduce to a uniform system, — 2(1.2 
tCorrection to reduce to a uniform system, — 25.1 
{Correction to reduce to a uniform system, — 24.2 
Monthly mean, 521.7; correction, — 24.2; corrected mean, 497.') 



§ Correction to reduce to a uniform system, —23. 1 
|| Correction to reduce to a uniform s'j S1 urn, —22.2 



468 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, Uglacmie, Alaska. October, 1882. 



Date. 



C 1>> 2* S* 4' 5" 6 h I* 



9' 10 b ll' Noon. 13' 14' i 5 h i«i i 7 i> i 8 h j jtfi, j 20 b 21'' 22* 23* 



516 



520 



519 



522 



519 



518 



5226 



522 



521 



514 



523 531 526 523 



546 



5-13 522 529 532 



521 
432 
455 
444 
510 
513 
512 
503 
504 
504 
475 
472 
474 
502 
501 
502 
507 
505 
506 
515 
515 
515 
515 
507 
511 
525 
523 
524 
560 
562 
561 
512 
512 
512 
520 
515 
518 
515 
510 
512 
507 



515 
505 
510 
521 
522 
522 
521 
520 
520 



516 
513 
513 
513 

522 
500 
511 
502 
504 
503 
503 
504 
504 
500 
495 
498 
510 
508 
509 
503 
504 
504 
496 
500 
498 
500 
502 
501 
506 
504 
505 
512 
518 
515 
511 
510 
510 
513 
515 
514 
509 

509" 
510 
512 
511 
483 
500 
492 
512 
510 
511 
508 
510 
509 
508 
509 
508 
517 
517 
517 



520 
515 
515 
515 
500 
510 
505 
500 
500 
500 
501 
505 
503 
505 
506 
506 
509 
511 
510 
504 
506 
505 
520 
505 
512 
513 
507 
510 
502 
509 
506 
507 
508 
508 
511 
510 
510 
512 
510 
511 
510 



510 
507 
500 
504 
552 
554 
553 
500 
500 
500 
508 
508 
508 
515 
518 
516 
516 
516 
516 

520 1518 

517 519 

518 518 

521 524 



Means . . . 



511.1 



522 
522 
515 
518 
516 
510 
500 
505 
510 
512 
511 
514 
513 
514 
510 
515 
512 
520 
515 
518 
500 
505 
502 
517 
520 
518 

509.5 



500 
512 
516 
517 
516 
521 
517 
519 
525 
533 
529 
518 
514 
516 
535 
550 
542 
530 
518 
524 
515 
515 
515 
515 
520 
518 



519 

508 
508 
508 
500 
497 



497 
498 
515 
512 
514 
470 
465 
468 
500 



508 
509 
508 
509 
512 
510 
500 
505 
502 
474 
500 
487 
508 
503 
506 
509 
510 
510 
505 
506 
506 
506 



522 
520 
520 
520 
518 
521 
520 
510 
508 
509 
521 
513 
517 
490 
492 
491 
503 
505 
504 
504 
504 
504 
506 
511 
508 
511 
513 
512 
480 
402 
471 
504 
523 
514 
508 
511 
510 
514 
512 
513 
500 



519 

509 
508 
508 
470 
476 
473 
494 
489 
492 
497 
499 
498 
404 
404 
404 
524 
506 
515 
512 
509 
510 
510 
506 
508 
491 
504 
499 
509 
517 
513 
509 
510 
510 
514 
514 
514 
513 
513 
513 
512 



518 
512 
512 
512 
490 
489 
490 
492 
490 
491 
494 
504 
499 
510 
507 
508 
502 
506 
504 
512 
513 
512 
507 
500 
504 
510 
501 
506 
508 
508 
508 
.02 
499 
500c 
512 
510 
511 
509 
513 
511 
528 



506 ;500 

510 i509 

513 !511 
512 1510 
510 !516 

514 1523 
512 1520 

I 1523 

500 ! 524 

500 524 



509 
510 



! 514 
[514 



510 !514 

516 1518 

517 .516 
516 517 
516 '519 
516 |519 



516 
516 
514 
515 
518 
515 
516 
517 
517 
517 
516 
509 
512 
526 
530 
528 
517 
517 
517 
512 
514 
513 
508 
507 
508 
514 
489 
502 
502 
508 
505 



514.1 



507.7 



519 
520 
520 
520 
516 
509 
512 
514 
501 
508 
518 
516 
517 
518 
524 
521 
519 
525 
522 
515 
509 
512 
517 
514 
516 
514 
509 
512 
523 
524 
524 

512.4 



512 
514 
508 
511 
499 
508 
104 
525 
522 
524 
517 
518 
518 
518 
517 
518 
518 
518 
518 
517 
517 
517 
504 
509 
5066 
500 
493 
496 
520 
525 
522 
519 
521 
520 
523 
523 
523 
512 
513 
5126 
502 
513 
508 
524 
523 
524 
524 
525 
524 



5286 

504 

500 

502 

515 

519 

517c 

509 

512 

510 

515 

516 

516 

517 

518 

518 

517 

519 

518 

521 

522 

522 

512 

508 

5106 

474 

466 

470 

488 

492 

490 

528 

531 

530 

520 

520 

520 

507 

499 

5036 

517 

514 

516 

519 

517 

518 

525 

522 

524 



507. 5 509. 2 



522 

496 

500 

498 

522 

521 

522 

516 

514 

515 

504 

508 

506 

485 

480 

482 

505 

504 

504 

512 

511 

512 

501 

503 

502 

509 

512 

510 

527 

519 

523 

542 

550 

546e 

505 

509 

507 

509 

510 

510 

495 



522 

516 

514 

515 

507 

499 

503 

5C0 

498 

499 

484 

490 

487 

401 

431 

446 

505 

500 

502 

509 

501 

505 

496 

498 

497 

505 

501 

5036 

505 

508 

506 

521 

521 

5216 

499 

501 

500c 

511 

514 

512 

580 



521 
507 
508 
508 
513 
517 
515 
515 
538 
526 
514 
515 
514 
452 
435 
444 
505 
502 
504 
499 
505 
502 
504 
502 
503 
487 
488 
488 
501 
193 
4976 
509 
515 
5126 
12 
517 
5146 
502 
510 
5066 
532 



519 

499 

495 

497 

490 

500 

498 

454 

451 

452 

480 

479 

480 

380 

398 

389 

506 

504 

505 

505 

507 

506 

502 

502 

502 

504 

502 

503d 

489 

487 

4886 

498 

501 

5006 

512 

509 

510a 

508 

503 

506c 

469 



514 

330 

325 

328 

483 

488 

486 

443 

449 

446 

502 

509 

506 

452 

471 

462 

505 

498 

502 

498 

500 

499 

500 

494 

497 

474 

470 

472a 

500 

502 

501 

480 

470 

4756 

508 

510 

509 

508 

510 

509c 

500 



495c 

511 

510 

5106 

500 

550 

525c 

500 

505 

502 

512 

512 

512 

519 

519 

519 

518 

517 

518 

508 

511 

510 

496 

500 

498c 

483 

561 

522 

478 

473 

476 

540 

531 

536 

501 

503 

5026 

472 

481 

4766 

502 

515 

508 

530 

531 

530 

525 

528 

526 



580c 

506 

510 

50Sc 

515 

522 

518c 

511 

508 

510 

518 

516 

517 

519 

518 

518 

520 

519 

520 

510 

515 

512 

530 

535 

532c 

475 

480 

478 

448 

450 

449 

524 

521 

522 

521 

523 

522c 

446 

450 

448 

530 

530 

530a 

519 

524 

522 

525 

523 

524 



532c 

497 

493 

4956 

538 

541 

540e 

519 

530 

524 

526 

523 

524 

519 

519 

519 

518 

515 

516 

535 

532 

534 

525 

520 

522c 

478 

490 

4S4 

408 

390 

399 

525 

524 

524 

457 

464 

460c 

525 

520 

522 

486 

500 

4936 

518 

518 

518 

520 

521 

520 



469c 

523 

560 

542a 

517 

16 
510c 
491 
488 
490 
512 
516 
514 
515 
517 
516 
518 
515 
516 
513 
519 
516 
555 
518 
536(2 
505 
497 
501 
518 
525 
522 
527 
527 
527 
511 
514 
512 
518 
520 
519 
408 
432 
420 
578 
553 
566 

20 
520 
520 



500a' 

495 

507 

501 

492 

502 

497c 

500 

502 

501 

518 

516 

517 

516 

13 
514 

18 
510 
514 
519 
515 
517 
485 
470 
4806 
523 
530 
526 
522 
509 
516 
522 
520 
521 
508 
500 
504 
522 
517 
520 
492 
511 
5026 
490 
495 
492 
515 
513 
514 



523 

292 

285 

288 

500 

506 

503 

335 

431 

383 

507 

510 

508 

585 

616 

600 

507 

503 

505 

501 

509 

505a 

491 

492 

492 

309 

321 

315a 

508 

500 

504 

501 

506 

5046 

511 

512 

512 

505 

510 

5086 

518 



518c 
550 
558 
.54 
521 
515 
5186 
500 
510 
505 
515 
513 
514 
520 
518 
519 
521 
519 
520 
525 
523 
524 
510 
505 
5086 
487 
475 
481 
471 
484 
478 
519 
520 
520 
426 
448 
437 
510 
512 
511 
470 
467 
408 
562 
531 
546 
539 
528 
534 



531 526 

;465 !536 

J490 517 

1478 526 

,492 1500 



503 
498 
521 
527 
524 
514 
516 
515 
490 
493 
492 
510 
517 



504 
502 
498 
500 
499 
520 
517 
518 
760 
734 
747 
509 
514 



514 !512 
508 506 
506 502 
507a '504a 

508 510 
502 1516 

505 513 
500 i520 
504 529 
502 528 

513 J550 

515 542 

514 '546 

515 1517 
514 |512 
5146 514 

509 i508 

506 510 
508 509 
498 513 

507 510 
5026 5126 
550 529 



523 

535 

548 

542 

5C0 

506 

503 

502 

504 

503 

497 

498 

498 

493 

507 

500 

515 

518 

516 

510 

511 

510 

502 

511 

506 

509 

513 

511 

526 

535 

530 

510 

511 

5106 

525 

52 L 

523c 

525 

556 

5406 

425 



540 



5516 

511 

510 

510 

530 

537 

5346 

525 

528 

526 

522 

521 

522 

523 

521 

522 

515 

520 

5186 

523 

520 

522 

508 

504 

506 

440 

461 

450 

542 

545 

544 

513 

529 

521 

539 

533 

536 

518 

498 

508 

515 

512 

514 

537 

535 

536 

510 

509 

510 



5296 

512 

515 

514 

552 

556 

5516 

536 

534 

535 

528 

527 

528 

516 

520 

518 

535 

515 

5256 

533 

535 

534 

523 

525 

5246 

550 

583 

566 

538 

533 

536 

538 

536 

537 

530 

528 

529 

495 

490 

492 

545 

540 

542 

520 

542 

531 

525 

528 

520 



576 
588 
582 

03 
516 
510 
535 
534 
534 
535 
546 
540 
532 
531 
532 
528 
526 
527 
500 
507 
506 
530 

24 
527 
511 
510 
514 
517 
516 
516 
523 
520 
522 
524 
530 
527c 
521 
522 
522 
523 



543 
570 
534 
552 
491 
479 
485 
560 
545 
552 
551 
549 
550 
520 
521 
520 
503 
508 
506 
516 
518 
517 
527 
524 
526 
537 
538 
538 
508 
489 
498 
521 
520 
520 
509 
508 
508 
558 
561 
560 
534 



522 
'048 
617 
632 
489 
U94 
1492 
[537 
|512 
524 
517 
518 
!518 
''37 
492 
490 
520 
518 
519 
510 
512 
511 
520 
518 
519 
550 
556 
553 
521 
535 
528 
508 
505 
506 
529 
523 
526 
577 
580 
578 
500 



529 

655 

066 

660 

,508 

5G6 [507 

307 509 

630 475 

1599 1505 



524 



524 527 



532 
522 
450 
486 
511 



• 614 

|555 



[490 

722 



4256 

520 

517 

518 

510 

513 

512 

528 

520 

527 

523 

522 

522 

537 

544 

540 

525 

522 

5246 

531 

536 

534 

521 

524 

522a 

530 !513 



5236 

533 

532 

532 

529 

527 

528a 

522 

521 

522 

525 

526 

526 

527 

525 

526 

521 

521 

521 

561 

561 

501 

514 

515 

514a 



531 

530 

527 

520 

524 

533 

538 

536 

544 

541 

542 

548 

553 

550 

530 

527 

5286 

534 

535 

534 

527 

528 

528 



510 

512 

540 

534 

537 

542 

539 

540 

518 

512 

515 

546 

527 

536 

508 

512 

5106 

519 

522 

520 

528 

522 

525 



510. 5 507. 4 505. 8 501. 8 494. 9 493. 7 514. 531. 5:519. 7 527. 5 527. 9529. 7 



534 

527 

524 

526 

520 

504 

512 

520 

522 

521 

561 

556 

558 

527 

527 

527 

532 

533 

532 

521 

517 

519 

532 

534 

533 

508 

512 

510 

531 

528 

530 

523 

527 

525 

524 

522 

523 

532 

530 

531 

553 

560 

55S6 

527 

533 

530 

524 

523 

524 



[570 J0C5 

582 |094 

492 |510 

489 507 

490 508 
{519 '509 
!517 1511 



500 
547 
547 
547 
513 
497 
505 
519 
521 
520 
518 
520 
519 
528 
527 
528 
529 
532 
530 
538 
533 
536 
529 
529 
529 
525 
528 
520 
516 
503 
510 
562 
547 
554 
549 
540 
544 
537 
544 
540 
564 
568 
506 
520 
518 
519 
530 
529 
530 



518 
509 
516 
512 
515 
512 
514 
555 
582 
568 
682 
643 
662 
523 
520 
522 
514 
519 
516 
530 
555 
542 
522 



522 
590 
576 
583 
510 
534 
537 
529 
531 
530 
519 
521 
520 
529 
531 
530 
528 
531 
530 
570 
5S2 
576 
522 
525 
524 
533 
539 
536 
544 
539 
542 
535 
528 
532 
542 
550 
546 
555 
512 
534 
625 
588 
606 
542 
555 
548 
525 
523 
52-1 



510 
528 
530 
529 
550 
547 
548 
610 
619 
614 
519 
504 
512 
500 
502 
501 
512 
511 
512 
527 
542 
534 
500 



524 
437 
409 
453 
504 
503 
504 
509 
502 
506 
570 
568 
569 
495 
500 
498 
531 
535 
533 
521 
519 
520 
580 
573 
576 
515 
480 
498 
502 
497 
500 
514 
510 
512 
510 



524 
5(9 
470 
4S0 
498 
500 
499 
501 
405 
498 
499 
513 
506 
492 
490 
494 
519 
522 
520 
499 
504 
502 
519 
520 
520 
482 
470 
476 
492 
499 
406 
515 
511 
513 
509 
513 1512 
512 |510 
500 509 
503 512 
502 510 
506 500 



500 
525 
537 
531 
531 
540 
536 
521 
519 
520 
526 
522 
524 
526 
522 
524 
522 
525 
524 
600 
566 
583 
529 
524 
526 
522 
528 
525 
529 
535 
532 
532 
530 
531 
520 
523 
522 
525 
570 
548 
520 
516 
518 
522 
527 
24 
529 
532 
530 



506 1500 
501 f538 
505 ]543 

503 540 
500 526 

507 503 

504 1514 
535 522 
528 529 
532 526 
520 |519 

518 1517 

519 [518 
523 517 

520 '519 

522 [518 

520 519 

523 521 
522 1520 
555 542 
562 510 
558 1526 
518 i520 

521 519 
520 ;520 
518 512 

515 [514 

516 513 



526 
532 
529 
520 
530 
525 
525 
512 
518 
020 
602 
611 
500 
512 
506 
519 
516 
518 
512 
519 
516 



530 
522 
526 
517 
512 
514 
500 
509 
504 
540 
519 
530 
495 
492 
494 
512 
515 
514 
520 
526 
523 



546. 3 531. 5 



527 
493 
72 
482 
502 
500 
[501 
1492 
J485 
1488 
374 
1434 
1404 
503 
|501 
;502 
518 
515 
1516 
1515 
512 
'514 
502 
\495 
:498 
,490 
1500 
495 
;510 
:512 
511 
1505 
'506 
|506 
i507 
508 
|508 
!518 
[520 
1519 
518 



518 
507 
509 
508 
510 
508 
509 
513 
510 
512 
518 
520 
519 
518 
519 
518 
518 
519 
518 
465 
467 
466 
511 
512 
512 
518 
520 
519 
515 
516 
516 
495 
500 
498 
483 
475 
479 
560 
540 
550 
520 
506 
513 
510 
508 
509 
518 
512 
515 



920.4 511.5 504.8 



•Correction to reduce to uniform system,— 22.0 (-Correction to reduce to uniform system, -19.0 } Correction to reduce to uniform system,— 10.1 
Monthly mean, 514.6; correction, —19.0 ; corrected mean, 495.G 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, Uglaamic, Alaska, November, 1883. 



469 



Date. 



Nov. 1< 

Mean 
Nov. 2^ 

Mean 
Nov. 3J 

Mean 
Nov. i\ 

Mean 
Nov. 5J 

Mean 
Nov. oj 

Mean 
Nov. 7J 

Mean 
Nov. s\ 

Mean 
Nov. 9^ 

Mean 
Nov.ioj 

Mean 
Nov.llj 

Mean 
Nov.12 

Mean 
Nov.13, 

Mean 
Nov.wj 

Mean 
Nov.l5J 

Mean 
Nov.l6J 

Mean 
Nov.lTj 

Mean 
Nov-18^ 

Mean 
Nov.l9J 

Mean 
Nov.2o| 

Mean 
Nov.2lj 

Mean 
Nov.22J 

Mean 
Nov.23J 

Mean 
Nov.24J 

Mean 
Nov.2s| 

Mean 
Nov.26J 

Mean 
Nov.27J 

Mean 
Nov.28J 

Mean 
Nov.29^ 

Mean 
Nov. 30$ 

Mean 

Means . 



0" 



502 
500 
501 
500 



517 



500 
502 
'190 
499 



480 
484 
485 
476 
479 
478 
490 
4S7 
1X8 
484 
500 
492 

:70 

470 
470 
457 
4G1 
459 
470 
473 
472 
530 
500 
515 
457 
451 
454 
482 
72 
477 
489 
517 
503 
452 



452 
473 
503 
488 
550 
660 
005 
470 
460 
465 
481 
471 
476 
493 
478 
486 
450 
486 
4G8 
480 
474 
477 
486 
477 
482 
504 
500 
502 
504 
487 
496 
480 
481 
480 
483 
485 
484 
472 
475 
474 
480 
480 
i:J0 



517 
3 
515 
519 
511 
310 
510 



484 
485 
484 
466 
473 
470 
500 
500 
500 
480 
483 
482 
478 
479 
478 
471 
475 
473 
474 
475 
474 
482 
485 
484 
463 
470 
66 
75 
470 
472 
478 



485.8 



524 



524 
510 
500 
505 
495 
193 
494 



478 
401 
485 
473 
449 
443 
446 
462 
645 
554 
500 
605 
552 
505 
445 
475 
496 
486 
491 
433 
463 
448 
484 
477 
480 
488 
489 
488 
490 
498 
494 
460 
448 
454 
469 
470 
470 
480 
483 
482 
484 
486 
485 
480 
481 
480 



480 
4f0 
480 
480 
481 
480 
482 
482 
482 
500 
501 
500 
472 
475 
474 
480 
478 
479 
478 
481 
480 
465 
408 
486 
452 
407 
460 
500 
485 
492 



484.8 



2* 



482 
485 
484 
462 
473 
08 
490 
490 
493 
4-4 
485 
484 
492 
491 
492 
470 
177 
474 
481 
482 
482 
476 
461 
468 
430 
443 
436 
501 
497 
499 
520 



462 
479 
479 
479 
496 
500 
498 
495 
478 
486 
521 
470 
496 
560 
563 
5G2 
478 
468 
473 
483 
488 
486 
479 
481 
480 
470 
478 
474 
473 
463 
468 
440 
453 
446 
484 
480 
482 
478 
480 
479 
483 
483 
483 
483 
483 
483 



484.7 



525 



41, 



518 



525 
05 
506 
50G 
514 
519 
516 



518 
509 
508 
508 
508 
527 
518 



484 
485 
484 
169 
466 
468 
484 
485 
484 
485 
482 
484 
476 
470 
473 
485 
484 
484 
480 
481 
480 
461 
480 
470 
448 
439 
444c 
486 
475 
480c 
473 



520 

473 

474 

474 

502 

499 

500 

460 

468 

464 

454 

437 

4466 

569 

575 

572 

442 

472 

457 

468 

492 

480 

486 

490 

488 

491 

493 

492 

485 

489 

487 

509 

502 

506 

478 

480 

479 

487 

488 

4886 

478 

478 

478 

484 

485 

484 



487.0 



524 



485 

485 

485 

481 

482 

4S2 

474 

473 

474 

480 

488 

484 

470 

467 

468 

498 

476 

487 

487 

480 

484 

482 

4S5 

484 

459 

454 

456c 

495 

494 

494c 

497 



473 

483 



486 
494 



419 

445 
432 
517 
499 

5085 

447 

458 

452 

466 

471 

468 

497 

500 

498 

481 

478 

480 

487 

485 

486 

484 

490 

487 

479 

480 

480 

484 

484 

484 

490 

492 

491 

474 

477 

4766 

485 

485 

485 



481.3 



524 
510 

11 
510 
515 

12 
514 

(t) 



522 

512 
511 
520 
526 
523 
487 
494 
490 
486 
484 
485 
483 
482 
482 
486 
485 
480 
482 
485 
484 
475 
474 
474 
486 
485 
486 
483 
481 
4S2 
46i 
468 
466 
470 
474 
4726 
507 
516 
5126 
446 



497c 
493 
487 
490 
495 
504 
500 
426 
414 
420 
461 
456 
4586 
381 
379 
380 
94 
92 
493 
482 
487 
484 
491 
491 
491 
476 
474 
475 
489 
492 
490 
496 
502 
499 
460 
465 
462 
490 
488 
489 
472 
479 
4766 
486 
488 
487 



530 



525 



530 

497 

510 

504 

511 

508 

5106 

495 

491 

493 

488 

489 

488 

481 

484 

482 

494 

490 

492 

518 

525 

522 

485 

487 

486c 

485 

484 

484 

480 

485 

482 

498 

498 

49« 

418 

440 

429d 

495 

483 

4896 

480 



478 

472 

475a 

494 

494 

4946 

361 

332 

346 

723 

697 

710a 

362 

389 

376 

497 

499 

498 

481 

48S 

484 

481 

477 

479 

490 

496 

493 

488 

484 

486 

501 

505 

503 

493 

493 

493 

478 

481 

480 

486 

4S8 

4876 

478 

479 

47S5 



479. 9 486. 1 



480c 

491 

490 

4005 

470 

568 

5196 

419 

448 

434 

502 

500 

501 

424 

442 

4336 

490 

497 

494 



488 

527 

495 

511 

490 

486 

488 

491 

491 

491 

466 

470 

4685 

483 

473 

478 

482 

483 

4826 

487 

484 

4866 

483 

483 

483d 



486.5 



9 h 



519 



525 
512 
511 
512 
511 
517 
146 
486 
485 
486 
475 
478 
4706 
496 
492 
404 
470 
480 
475 
481 
483 
482 
488 
495 
492c 
483 
483 
483 
475 
475 
475 
411 
400 
406 
463 
455 
459d 
458 
473 
460d 
444 



519 

522 

517 

5205 

518 

516 

5176 

486 

487 

486 

487 

488 

488 

481 

483 

482 

508 

498 

503 

483 

;i 

483 

487 

475 

48 Id 

482 

482 

482 

487 

475 

481 

462 

467 

464c 

360 

310 

335e 

456 

462 

459c 

490 



444 

455 

455 

4556 

488 

498 

493« 

467 

461 

464 

462 

463 

402 

416 

409 

4125 

4S5 

76 

70 
494 
478 
486 
500 
490 
495 
476 
485 
480 
469 
475 
4725 
328 
388 
358c 
465 
466 
466 
477 
480c 
478 
491 
492 
492 
491 
489 
490d 

471.4 



559 



559 

516 

522 

519a 

510 

511 

510<- 

488 

4826 

485 

492 

480 

489 

485 

485 

485 

475 

478 

476c 

509 

489 

4996 

476 

481 

478a" 

480 

479 

480 

479 

483 

480 

456 

446 

451 d 

481 

543 

512d 

464 

466 

4626 

412 



490d 

522 

520 

521 d 

452 

476 

4646 

371 

382 

370 

457 

462 

460a 

!90 

180 

ISO- 



_? 



u 



493 

490 

492 

494 

493 

493 

477 

485 

474 

475 

474 

430 

464 

447c 

495 

512 

5046 

457 

478 

46Sa 

513 

509 

•Slid 

491 

487 

489 

452 

456 

454d 



466.2 



JO 1 ' 



11" 



475 518 



532 



475 518 



485 

482 

481 

515 

510 

5126 

405 

491 

493 

489 

487 

488 

485 

479 

482 

435 

441 

438 

474 

468 

471 

496 

499 

498c 



50V! 

515 

534 

520 

518 

519 

480 

488 

487 

480 

481 

4806 

491 

402 

492 

480 

478 

479 

482 

486 

484 

483 

455 

4096 



478 485 
475 486 
4766 i486 



472 
480 
476 
513 
28 
520c 
428 
400 
414c 
514 
505 
510c 
503 



4126 

432 

441 

430d 

454 

468 

4616 

639 

530 

584 

486 

504 

495 

761 

800 

780c 

487 

491 

489a 

494 

488 

491 

432 

428 

430 

504 

520 

512 

492 

486 

4896 

475 

480 

478a 

478 

478 

4786 

468 

413 

440a 

489 

491 

490 

473 

463 

4086 

493.4 



503« 

375 

302 

36S6 

362 

324 



3436 3156 



486 

191 

488 

498 

490 

4946 

481) 

465 

472(2 

427 

450 

4386 

438 



532 
519 

i20 

i20 
510 
514 
512c 
497 
489 
493 
485 
482 
484 
486 
480 
4836 
456 
455 
456 
500 
496 
498 
501 
504 

026 
481 
480 
480 
482 
480 
481 
520 

05 
5126 
484 
478 
481a 
494 
491 
492a 
556 



438c 

419 

405 

412d 

320 

310 



380 

342 

361 

478 

480 

479 

250 

215 

232c 

491 

493 

492 

444 

447 

446 

450 

476 

463 

435 

437 

436 

482 

465 

474 

490 

497 

494 

441 

429 

4355 

428 

406 

4176 

468 

473 

4706 

505 

496 

500d 



725 

710 

718 

358 

371 

364 

512 

423 

468e 

485 

484 

484 

470 

406 

468 

453 

425 

439 

461 

461 

461 

442 

438 

440 c 

489 

485 

487 

445 

442 

4445 

474 

482c 

478 

487 

482 

484 c 

490 

493 

4926 



454. 3 474. 2 



13 h 



537 



5566 
510 
512 
5116 
332 
336 
334 
.22 
488 
505c 
540 
515 
542 
645 
478 
562a 
482 
479 
480 
500 
498 
499 
500 
486 
493 
492 
490 
491 
500 
529 
514c 
498 
495 
496 
516 
517 
516 
467 
473 
470a 
486 
490 
488a 
493 
490 
492d 



14" 



534 



537 
511 
506 
508 
537 
542 
5406 
490 
489 
490 
490 
488 
489 
495 
492 
494 
490 
492 
491 
438 
472 
455 
509 
470 
490 
506 
509 
5086 
487 
484 
480 
11 
515 
5136 
410 
402 
406 
520 
515 
518a 
4936 



15" 



16" 



591 



534 

518 

522 

520 

512 

501 

506 

485 

487 

486 

492 

495 

494 

490 

487 

488 

500 

492 

496 

503 

495 

499a 

533 

510 

522 

481 

483 

482a 

496 

490 

493 

402 

533 

5126 

542 

571 

55Cd 

583 

608 

5906 

502 



4936 
440 
457 
448c 
411 
35 
373 
520 
523 
522a 
123 
204 
164a 
373 
369 
371c 
410 
451 
430 
489 
488 
488 
497 
495 
496 
480 
469 
474 
491 
496 
494a 
512 
515 
514 
495 
496 
496 
490 
487 
488 
495 
498 
4066 
467 
469 
468a 



502 
510 
10 
5106 
500 
472 
48Ga 
479 
522 
500a 
300 
2-54 
277a 
408 
472 
440c 
481 
487 
484 
492 
494 
493 
522 
562 
542 
505 
494 
500 
519 
527 
523 
415 
423 
419 
498 
493 
496 
487 
491 
489a 
502 
498 
500 
481 
483 
482a 



511* 



591 

20 

19 
520 

05 
503 
504 
501 
500 
500 
491 
403 
492 
489 
4 SO 
400 
489 
400 
490 
500 
499 

006 

48 
530 
542 
486 
487 
486 
496 
501 
498 
557 

45 
5516 
520 
555c 
538 
473 
462 
4686 
485 



n" 



u 

525 

18 
522 

18 
514 
516 
497 
498 
498 
483 
487 
485 
510 
508 
509 
495 
508 
502c 
496 
493 
494 
525 
525 
525 
488 
485 
4S6 
495 
4S)7 
496 
622 
517 
5706 
526 
525 
526c 
515 
498 
5066 
476 



lS h 



523 



535 



485a 

518 

519 

5186 

640 

650 

645a 

500 

523 

512a 

443 

526 

484 

605 

613 

609c 

521 

526 

524 

500 

499 

500 

450 

451 

450 

492 

499 

496 

590 

586 

588 

537 

532 

534 

536 

528 

532 

497 

496 

496a 

490 

491 

490a 

519 

511 

515a 



523 
520 
527 
524 
518 
519 
518 
491 
490 
490 
488 
487 
488 
514 
515 
514 
507 
518 
512 
511 
518 
514 
620 
8 
599 
491 
492 
492 
513 
511 
512 
581 
573 
577a 
700 
810 
755c 
572 
580 
576a 
492 



495. 1 470. 6 493. 5 517. 6,504. 538. 9 



476a 

508 

500 

504 a 

G03 

514 

501a 

515 

493 

504 

481 

574 

528 

421 

430 

426a 

390 

399 

394a 

497 

494 

496 

518 

518 

518 

551 

554 

552 

542 

508 

525 

537 

519 

528 

519 

522 

520 

508 

1508 

1 508a 

1400 

;490 

490 

466 

464 

14656 

t 



535 
514 
519 
516 

524 
530 
527 
498 
492 
495 
495 
490 
492 
509 
517 
513 
552 
510 

46 
506 
509 
508 
550 
692 
621 
490 
488 
489 
492 

02 
497 
500 
514 
507 
585 
510 
562 
500 
492 
496 
523 



4926 

502 

510 

506 

693 

680 

680c 

490 

523 

5066 

540 

497 

518 

503 

352 

428 

820+ ? 

820-h? 

820+?e 

493 

497 

495 

540 

530 

535 

522 

529 

526 

537 

542 

5406 

540 

491 

51 G 

506 

510 

508 

495 

499 

497a 

489 

489 

489 

511 

511 

511 



I'.)" 



531 



531 
519 
508 
514 
519 
525 
.22 
493 
490 
4S4 
508 
511 
510 
480 
488 
484 
500 
493 
496 
500 
502 
501 
575 
550 
562 
485 
482 
484 
490 
494 
492 
463 
450 
456 
460 
469 
464 
565 
589 
577 
500 



523 

493 
500 
496 
510 
492 
501 
574 
562 
568 
484 
508 
496 
514 
519 
510 
610 
505 
55S 
490 
495 
492 
531 
522 
520 
504 
509 
506 
572 
553 
562 
.02 
496 
499 
487 
519 
503 
499 
501 
500 
485 
•488 
4Sfi 
493 
501 
497 



517.8 



20" 



500 



500 
520 
22 
521 
520 
515 
51 S 
401 
495 
493 
470 
460 
468 
484 
480 
482 
492 
480 
486 
503 
409 
501 
535 
524 
530 
483 
484 
484 
499 
501 
500 
466 
444 
455 
540 
507 
524 
492 
443 
468 
493 



500 
499 
489 
494 
03 
644 
604 
572 
634 
603 
502 
4S9 
500 
566 
574 
570 
646 
717 
682 
484 
476 
480 
473 
467 
470 
492 
501 
496 
490 
519 
504 
500 
511 
106 
62 
468 
465 
500 
493 
496 
486 
490 
4;-8 
500 
502 
501 



21" 



22" 



502 



502 
509 
513 
511 
523 
510 
516 
1400 
188 
4S9 
i486 
479 
482 
485 
478 
482 
170 
4S5 
478 
482 
485 
484 
470 
483 
476 
485 
482 
484 
502 
515 
508 
472 
402 
467 
545 
510 
528 
452 
492 
472 
482 



493 
493 
499 
496 
755 
630 
092 
432 
402 
417 
500 
503 
502 
483 
475 
479 
508 
499 
504 
501 
499 
500 
484 
489 
486 
484 
480 
482 
522 
534 
528 
490 
499 
494 
435 
488 
492 
480 
482 
481 
487 
489 



485 
486 



514. 9 498. 3 



23 h 



498 
511 
510 
510 
t 



484 
482 
483 
486 
476 
481 
500 
493 
496 
485 
474 
•480 
470 
473 
472 
474 
478 
476 
470 
479 
474 
468 
470 
469 
462 
465 
464 
545 
552 
548 
456 
553 
504 
489 



482 
492 
510 
501 
390 
523 
450 
570 
582 
576 
479 
484 
482 
468 
449 
458 
455 
400 
458 
480 
483 
482 
470 
472 
471 
496 
504 
500 
450 
461 
456 
508 
450 
47.9 
476 
479 
478 
479 
478 
478 
486 
485 
486 
508 
490 
499 



487.4 



489 
443 
446 
444 
450 
443 
446 
557 
566 
566 
470 
503 
486 
486 
493 
490 
500 
490 
495 
465 
463 
464 
468 
405 
466 
464 
460 
462 
468 
450 
459 
483 
480 
482 
475 
478 
476 
483 
484 
484 
486 
487 
486 
446 
465 
45G 

483.0 



* Both scales made to read 500 at 4 1 ' 52 m p. m. by readjustment of instrument. Correction to each reading November 1, 1 ' to 17", inclu- 
sive, — 10.0 i Ivcadjusting instrument, npw determination of scale value. N. B. — November 20 at 9" magnet oil' scale below 180 divisions; 
again November 21 at 18" oft' scale above 820, the intended extensions to the scale not having been made. Monthly mean, 4S9.8 



470 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broolce declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, December, 1882. 



Date. 


0" 


1" 


2" 


3 h 


4 h 


5 b 


6 b 


71, 


8'" 


i» h 


10" 


n h 


Noon. 


13 h 


14L 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


19 h 


20'' 


21" 


221 


23"> 


Dec. 1....J 

Mean 


475 
403 
409 


469 


484 


482 


483 


487 


474 


476 


490 


488 


483 


486 


481 


510 


487 


492 


455 


474 


490 


514 


500 


495 


498 


502 


469 


484 


4826 


483c 


487a 


474e 


476c 


490a 


488a 


483 


486 


481 


510<2 


487c 


4926 


455a 


474 


490 


514 


500 


495 


498 


502 


Dec. 2...| 


507 


456 


487 


493 


481 


491 4S0 


497 


476 


486 


474 


485 


480 


485 


482 


491 


499 


516 


482 


512 


490 


472 


484 


492 




467 


485 


492 


485 


485 


489 


497 


493 


487 


380 


493 


474 


484 


486 


495 


497 


519 


497 


508 


495 


480 


486 


489 


Mean 


507 


402 


486 


4956 


483 


488 


4846 


4976 


4846 


4S66 


477c 


489a 


4776 


484c 


484c 


4936 


4936 


518 


490 


510 


492 


476 


485 


490 


Dec. 3... \ 


493 


481 


483 


481 


486 


488 


488 


495 


491 


468 


486 


487 


484 


486 


488 


505 


495 


497 


511 


529 


515 


499 


472 


479 


4S8 


483 


480 


477 


486 


485 


487 


496 


490 


406 


482 


490 


483 


487 


486 


515 


498 


497 


516 540 


492 


509 


479 


473 


Mean 


490 


482 


482 


479 


486 


486 


488 


496 


490 


467 


484a 


4886 


484 c 


4866 


4876 


5106 4966 


4976 


514a '534 


504 


504 


476 


476 


Dec. 4...J 


474 


493 


485 


485 


492 


493 


484 


481 


485 


448 


478 


505 


525 


444 


485 


500 572 


493 


512 480 


570 


533 


502 


4C3 


472 


494 


487 


486 


490 


496 


488 


480 


485 


415 


482 


441 


542 


452 


487 


499 1574 


491 


503 489 


565 


549 


500 


470 


Mean 


473 


494 


486 


4866 


4916 


4946 


4886 


4S06 


485c 


432(2 


480a" 


473c 


534c 


448a 


4866 


500a [573 
487 492 


4926 


508a 484c 


568 


541 


501 


166 


Dec. 5...J 


483 


483 


487 


486 


489 


487 


489 


484 


494 


495 


488 


483 


477 


504 458 


491 


493 497 


491 


489 


487 


472 


482 


481 


482 


480 


489 


486 1487 


477 


496 


497 


487 


481 


475 


506 453 


487 


493 


487 


491 


494 


492 


188 


486 


483 


Mean 


482 


482 


484 


483 


489 


486 


488 


480a 


4956 


4966 


4886 


482a 


4706 


5056 


456c 


487a 


492 


489 


492 


496a 


492 


488 


486 


478 


Dec. 6...£ 


492 


478 


483 


486 


489 


487 


490 


892 


492 


500 


514 


484 


482 


487 


500 


491 


495 


492 


501 


500 


522 


489 


480 


484 


490 


480 


484 


887 ' 


487 


486 


489 


490 


4S6 


491 


508 


485 


484 


486 


492 


493 


493 


493 


498 


495 


503 


488 


476 


483 


Mean 


491 


479 


484 


486 


488 


486 


490 


4915 


4896 


496c 


5116 


4846 


4836 


486c 496a 


492 


494 


492 


500 


498 


512 


483 


478 


484 


Dec. 7... i 


481 


485 


490 


487 


882 


484 


491 


487 


487 


492 


488 


486 


486 


492 


491 


499 


492 


515 


515 


504 


484 |502 


484 


480 


483 


480 


481 


483 


484 


485 


492 


488 


489 


488 


4S9 


489 


485 


490 


492 


495 


495 


514 


515 |508 


487 509 


479 


186 


Mean 


484 


482 


486 


485 


483 


484 


492 


488 


488 


490 


488 


4886 


486 


491c 


492c 


4976 


494a 


5146 


5156 5u0a 


483 J50G 


482 


483 


Dec. 8...J 


483 


486 


484 


487 


487 


483 


488 


487 


484 


481 


478 


483 


485 


470 


505 


494 


491 


489 


489 


490 


491 ;489 


490 


489 


480 


487 


478 


496 


487 


485 


482 


487 


485 


491 


486 482 


485 


474 


£07 


493 


491 


489 


489 


492 


490 J4S9 


490 


493 


Mean 


482 


486 


481 


492 


487 


484 


485 


487 


484 


486a 


482c ;4826 


485c 


472c 


5066 


494c 


491a 


489 


489 


491 


490 !489 


490 


491 


Dec. 9-.- £ 


483 


488 


486 


486 


489 


482 


487 


430 


483 


502 


490 490 


489 


480 


499 


506 


500 


535 


590 


518 


485 [489 


509 


473 


486 


487 


486 


484 


488 


482 


486 


389 


486 


500 


493 485 


484 


473 


500 


505 


505 


541 


499 


486 


488 472 


499 


479 


Mean 


484 


488 


486 


485 


488 


482 


486c 


410(2 


484 c 


501a 


4926 488a 


4866 


476c 


5005 


506 


502a 


538 


500a 


5026 


4S6a 480 


504 


476 


Dec. 10... j 


461 


475 


488 


490 


478 


484 


484 


489 


483 


486 


490 493 


486 


494 


487 


490 


488 


493 


491 


490 


492 491 


488 


493 


467 


467 


481 


484 


483 


483 


484 


491 


487 


486 


487 


496 


488 


497 


492 


493 


489 


497 


491 


490 


489 490 


489 


491 


Mean 


464 


471 


484 


4876 


4806 


484a 


4846 


4906 


485c 


4866 


4886 


4946 


487a 


496a" 


490c 


4926 


4886 


495a 


491 


490 


490 490 


488 


492 


Dec. 11... i 


493 


4S6 


483 


490 


484 


482 


491 


472 


498 


478 


594 


500 


491 


498 


494 


495 


501 


515 


552 


450 


553 522 


472 


480 


483 


483 


482 


486 


484 


487 


487 


471 


492 


479 


010 


508 


484 


479 


195 


492 


503 


516 


566 


490 


528 450 


497 


476 


Mean 


488 


484 


482 


488 


484 


484 


489 


472 


495c 


478c 


602(2 


504 


488 


488 


494 


494 


502a 


516 


559 


4706 


540a i486 


484 


478 


Dec. 12 ..£ 


478 


485 


495 


487 


477 


489 


494 


500 


496 


489 


488 


481 


369 


528 


487 


493 


512 


548 


535 


485 


467 482 


515 


486 


496 


487 


500 


491 


482 


490 


496 


494 


493 


482 


487 


478 


233 


532 


490 


494 


515 


542 


552 


492 


470 


484 


470 


488 


Mean 


487 


486- 


498 


489c 


480c 


4906 


4956 


497c 


494 c 


4866 


4886 


480(2 


3266 


5306 


488c 


494 


5146 


5456 


5286 488a 


408 


483 


492 


487 


Dec. 13... £ 


480 


490 


481 


484 


487 


488 


4S6 


493 


484 


492 


484 


485 


459 


435 


503 


509 


488 


491 


509 1500 


493 


480 


492 


482 


483 


485 


481 


485 


488 


484 


482 


493 


481 


492 


483 


491 


466 


487 


509 


508 


487 


490 


511 407 


496 


488 


490 


483 


Mean — 


482 


488 


481 


484 


488 


486 


884 


493 


482 


492 


484 


488 


4626 


461 


506a 


508a 


4886 


490 


510 498a 


494 


484 


491 


482 


Dec. 14... | 


482 


480 


485 


490 


488 


488 


489 


487 


489 


489 


491 


484 


487 


442 


492 


504 


486 


490 


490 498 


494 489 


494 


190 


490 


482 


485 


490 


488 


488 


488 


491 


488 


492 


490 480 


491 


460 


492 


515 


48g 


487 


490 '494 


495 '483 


499 


486 


Mean 


486 


481 


485 


490 


488 


488 


483 


489 


4886 


4906 


490c 4826 


489c 451c 


4926 


5106 


4S66 


4?8a 


490a 1496 


494 486 


496 


488 


Dec. 15... i 
Mean 


494 
483 
488 


483 


484 


500 


485 


488 


488 


486 


484 


487 


483 479 


468 


489 


493 


499 


493 


497 


504 500 

1 


510 019 

i 


495 


468 


483 


484 


500 


485 


488 


488 


486a 


484 


4876 


483c 479a 


468a 


489 


493 


499 


4936 


497a 


504a 500a 


510 519 


495 


468 


Dec. 16... £ 


485 


476 


556 


474 


493 


472 


476 


458 


500 


400 


374 543 


517 


538 


430 


447 


492 


492 


539 1498 


518 .527 


475 


46G 




490 


549 


482 


496 


475 


512 


446 


480 


410 


337 '485 


528 


533 


425 


453 


496 


491 


539 1495 


532 520 


425 


498 


Mean 


485 


483 


552 


4785 


4946 


4746 


4946 


452c 


490d 


405c 


356a' 514c 


522c 


536(2 


4286 


450c 


494c 


4926 


5396 4966 


525a 524 


450 


482 


Dec. 17... [ 


491 


473 


476 


475 


488 


486 


483 


481 


491 


491 


483 


483 


491 


500 


487 


494 


497 


494 


492 490 


493 496 


490 


491 


497 


475 


473 


483 


486 


488 


479 


490 


485 


491 


490 


477 


491 


506 


490 


492 


497 


495 


492 487 


490 496 


492 


496 


Mean 


494 


474 


474 


479 


487 


487 


481 


486 


488 


4916 


4866 


480a 


491 


503 


4886 


493a 


497a 


494a 


492 J488 


492 !496 


491 


494 


Dec. 18... £ 


490 


475 


484 


484 


481 


484 


478 


493 


492 


495 


495 


492 


486 


494 


486 


493 1490 


486 


492 J484 


489 500 


498 


493 


491 


475 


488 


482 


481 


479 


484 


496 


490 


489 


486 


490 


485 


490 


486 


489 491 


487 


494 1488 


493 ,499 


511 


510 


Mean 


490 


475 


486 


483 


481 


4826 


4816 


494 


491a 


492 


490 


491 


486 


492a 


486 


491 


490 


4S6 


493 I486 


491 1500 


504 


502 


Dec. 19... [ 


492 


476 


467 


486 


481 


471 


479 


596 


450 


330 


482 


477 


508 


503 


497 


494 


498 


493 


487 


510 


490 ,494 


500 


487 


500 


472 


472 


476 


484 


467 


479 


600 


458 


292 


502 


478 


505 


505 


495 


496 


496 


489 


484 


506 


492 500 


493 


490 


Mean 


496 


474 


470 


481 


482c 


469a 


479 


598c 


4546 


311c 


492c 


478a 


506 


504 


496 


495 


497a 


491 


486 


508 


4916 |497 


499 


488 


Dec. 20.. . | 


492 


484 


489 


485 


481 


481 


489 


475 


473 


481 


485 


478 


482 


491 


595 


575 


481 


610 


461 


580 


5G2 402 


510 


485 


482 


485 


486 


485 


483 


482 


486 


473 


476 


574 


486 


481 


484 


500 


814 


621 


470 


661 


462 


570 


545 420 


505 


485 


Mean 


487 


484 


488 


485 


482 


4825 


488 


4746 


4746 


528(2 


486c 


4806 


483a 


497 


704a 


598a 


476a 


636 


462 


5755 


554a 411a 


508 


485 


Dec. 21... | 


510 


500 


486 


476 


451 


479 


472 


478 


465 


030 


446 


504 


530 


475 


522 


507 


452 


501 


513 


590 


552 


472 


409 


499 


514 


483 


484 


471 


457 


477 


484 


479 


490 


659 


435 


531 


506 


480 


513 


510 


458 


500 


515 


585 


633 


503 


450 


485 


Mean . . . 


512 


492 


485 


474 


454 


478 


478 


478c 


478a' 


0446 


440a 


518c 


5186 


478 


518a 


508a 


455 


500 


514a 


5886 5926 


4S8a 


400 


492 


Dec. 22... J 


485 


473 


482 


487 


486 


478 


476 


500 


495 


482 


485 


220 


507 


550 


451 


501 


507 


502 


508 


530 493 


512 


466 


481 


484 


470 


486 


486 


481 


480 


475 


490 


498 


530 


488 


254 


508 


549 


453 


508 


505 


490 


520 


502 472 


529 


460 


486 


Mean 


484 


472 


484 


486 


484 


479 a 


476a 


4956 


496c 


506c 


4866 


237a 


5086 


5506 


452a 


504 


506 


496a 


514a 


516 482 


5:'0 


463 


484 


Dec. 23 ...i 


495 


490 


478 


490 


487 


495 


482 


479 


568 


491 


454 


477 


305 


502 


490 


495 


510 


539 


496 


508 476 


490 


462 


494 


492 


490 


877 


486 


486 


493 


483 


476 


562 


495 


474 


461 


25« 


500 


501 


495 


504 


539 


493 


504 482 


484 


470 


485 


Mean 


494 


490 


478 


488 


486 


494 


482 


478 


565c 


493c 


4646 


469a 


282 


501 


496 


495 


507a 


539 


494a 


5066 479a 


487 


466 


490 


Dec. 21... 5 


485 


489 


489 


487 


485 


490 


487 


489 


496 


483 


565 


411 


540 


490 519 


480 


541 


441 


471 


502 480 


499 


483 


493 


482 


490 


489 


488 


4S6 


491 


483 


491 


495 


476 


538 392 


541 


486 520 


483 


498 


435 


408 


500 474 


508 


490 


488 


Mean 


484 


190 


489 


488 


486 


490 


485 


4906 


4966 


4806 5526 


4026 


540 


488 [520a 


482 


520 


438a 


470 


501 477 


504 


486 


490 


Dec. 25... J 


483 


482 


486 


488 


485 


468 


485 


482 


498 


409 1510 


520 


442 


585 [482 


492 


507 


503 


502 


496 485 


480 


482 


485 


482 


483 


486 


488 


481 


475 


489 


480 


486 


471 516 


525 


451 


586 


480 


492 


508 


500 


500 


501 480 


483 


480 


481 


Mean 


482 


482 


486 


488 


483 


472 


487 


481 


492c 


470 


513 


522 


446 


586 


481 


492 


508 


502 


501 


498 [482 


482 


481 


483 


Dec. 20... 5 


485 


489 


486 


487 


487 


487 


495 


488 


489 


488 


484 


465 


490 


489 


4S4 


508 


520 


525 


490 


492 1491 


489 


476 


478 


4S8 


490 


486 


488 


486 


487 


489 


487 


489 


488 


495 


475 


496 


491 


482 


512 


522 


532 


492 


492 495 


480 


478 


480 


Mean 


486 


490 


486 


488 


486 


487 


492 


488 


489 


488 


490 


470 


493 


490 


483 


510 


521 


528 


491 


492 493 


484 


477 


479 


Dec. 27.'.. | 


506 


483 


474 


482 


486 


483 


480 


480 


463 


501 


493 


482 


493 


490 


497 


497 


492 


492 


489 


490 491 


480 


476 


4.-9 


483 


483 


472 


482 


482 


485 


479 


486 


470 


505 


488 


487 


489 


487 


495 


497 


490 


490 


487 


484 '490 


481 


479 


484 


Mean 


494 


483 


473 


482 


484a 


484a 


480a 


4836 


466C 


503d 


490d 


4846 


4916 


488a 


496a 


497a 


491 


491 


4S8 


487 


490 


480 


478 


486 


Dec. 28... £ 


480 


480 


472 


477 


486 


465 


477 


452 


475 


516 


500 


491 


475 


515 


520 


502 


489 


488 


437 


490 


481 


4S6 


482 


487 


478 


468 


463 


477 


484 


474 


485 


461 


455 


512 


500 


488 


478 


486 


508 


493 


490 


4S9 


486 


488 


483 


489 


486 


490 


Mean 


479 


474 


468 


477 


4856 


4706 


4816 


4566 


465C 


5146 


500a 


490a 


4766 


5006 514a 


498a 


490a 


488 


436 


489 


482 


438 


484 


488 


Dec. 29 .A 


488 


480 


482 


472 


478 


464 


474 


471 


466 


504 


466 


489 


341 


495 


610 


471 


560 


516 


556 


570 


534 


480 


482 


465 


485 


486 


482 


471 


482 


473 


465 


480 


471 


506 


473 


490 


343 


497 


635 


517 


550 


521 


547 559 


541 


478 


485 


478 


Mean 


486 


483 


482 


472 


480 


468 


470 


476 


468C 


505c 


4706 


490 


342 


4966 


622c 


4946 


55J6 


51S6 


5526 5646 


538a 


479 


484 


472 


Dec. 30... 5 


498 


485 


457 


479 


480 


483 


479 


488 


493 


490 


490 


470 


525 


456 


410 


500 


430 


511 


432 523 


580 


478 


466 


470 


565 


488 


478 


472 


485 


482 


491 


4 a 4 


498 


486 


489 


467 


545 


459 


450 


497 


484 


510 


433 


522 


532 


492 


469 


490 


Mean 


532 


4S6 


468 


476 


4826 


482c 


4856 


486C 


4966 


4886 


4905 


468c 


535c 


4586 


430(2 498c 


482a 


510 


432 


5226 


5506 


485a 


408 


480 


Dec. 31... £ 


478 


408 


460 


485 


474 


484 


492 


492 


496 


479 


482 


485 


487 


557 


524 J497 


493 


493 


505 


552 


496 


502 


477 


475 


485 


489 


470 


484 


482 


483 


491 


489 


494 


474 


479 


492 


489 


574 


503 '494 


492 


495 


504 


539 


500 


509 


480 


493 


Mean 


482 


278 


465 
484.1 


484 
484.5 


478a 
483.8 


184a 
483.2 


492a 
4S4.9 


4906 
485. 1 


495c 
487.7 


476c 
485.6 


4806 
487.3 


48S6 


4886 


566a 


514a 496 


492a 


494 


504a 


5466 


498a 


506 


478 


484 


Means. .. 


487.9 


481.5 


476.4 


474. 8 497. 

1 


499.5 


499. 


498.3 


504.4 


499. 9 507. 7 

1 


504.8 


491.3 


481.6 


484.5 



Monthly moan. 489.9 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 471 

Hourly readings of the Broolce declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaslca, January, 18S3. 



Date. 




0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5 h 


0" 


7" 


8" 


» h 


10 h 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


1«" 


17" 


IS" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23" 


Jan. 1. .. 


{ 


490 


461 


481 


476 


475 


480 


492 


481 


407 


491 


487 


402 


423 


516 


480 


474 


528 


509 


494 


492 


503 


490 


476 


487 


452 


468 


480 


477 


475 


484 


491 


482 


470 


495 


486 


405 


448 


510 


479 


493 


514 


499 


482 


488 


515 


481 


471 


474 


Mean. 




471 


464 


480 


476 


475a 


482a 


492 


482a 


4726 


493c 


486c 


404 c 


43C6 


5136 


4S2c 


484c 


421a 


'04a 


488a 


490 


509 


480 


474 


480 


Jan. 2... 


"{ 


470 
480 
478 


482 


481 


480 


488 


485 


489 


488 


48G 


485 


480 


484 


485 


440 


402 


526 


515 


484 


512 


513 


536 


519 


485 


408 


Mean . 


482 


461 


480 


4S86 


4856 


489 


4886 


480 


485 


48i'6 


4846 


485 


440a 


402 


526 


515 


484 


512 


513 


536 


519 


485 


408 


Jan. 3... 


■{ 


470 


485 


483 


487 


484 


481 


485 


485 


480 


470 


460 


491 


488 


452 


491 


528 


4S2 


487 


492 


490 


486 


482 


493 


485 




485 


4S2 


485 


486 


482 


486 


485 


488 


476 


401 


495 


487 


402 


480 


524 


482 


485 


491 


488 


486 


488 


491 


485 


Mean . 




470 


485 


482 


480 


485 


482 


486 


485 


484 


4736 


4006 


4936 


488a 


457c 


488 


526 


482 


466a 


492 


489 


486 


485 


492 


485 


Jan. 4... 


"f 


489 


489 


484 


485 


486 


487 


480 


484 


490 


489 


484 


473 


486 


495 


481 


486 


489 


488 


498 


484 


491 


489 


490 


482 


482 


485 


482 


485 


487 


487 


485 


485 


483 


490 


487 


470 


480 


500 


480 


485 


488 


487 


496 


486 


489 


490 


487 


482 


Mean . 




486 


487 


483 


485 


486 


487 


480 


484 


486 


4906 


486a 


4746 


4806 


5C0a 


484a 


486 


488 


488 


497 


4-5 


490 


490 


488 


482 


Jan. 5... 


■IE 


484 


495 


481 


481 


475 


478 


475 


481 


487 


401) 


503 


493 


492 


480 


485 


484 


192 


490 


493 


490 


500 


530 


497 


476 


485 


490 


481 


481 


473 


480 


478 


471 


492 


4:"9 


■198 


485 


493 


4 S3 


488 


480 


490 


489 


492 


492 


493 


523 


480 


475 


Mean . 




484 


496 


481 


481 


474 


479 


476a 


4766 


4906 


1006 


5006 


489a 


492 


482 


480 


482 


491 


490 


492 


491 


496 


520 


492 


476 


Jan. 6... 


"•'{ 


489 


480 


402 


435 


472 


489 


484 


484 


409 


470 


429 


188 


492 


470 


543 


498 


565 


487 


525 


526 


572 


520 


480 


470 


480 


483 


461 


429 


470 


492 


486 


484 


472 


457 


430 


215 


490 


479 


522 


4::5 


500 


497 


532 


517 


559 


490 


477 


406 


Mean . 




484 


482 


402 


432 


4716 


490 


485 


484 


470a 


4G4c 


432 


.02 


494 


478 


5326 


46C6 


5026 


492a 


5286 


5226 


500a 


505 


478 


468 


Jan. 7... 


■\ 


470 


485 


480 


481 


481. 


480 


487 


477 


457 


494 


487 


508 


352 


442 


510 


500 


533 


080 


550 


482 


582 


580 


407 


494 


409 


487 


489 


484 


479 


481 


474 


483 


458 


491 


484 


495 


347 


448 


512 


506 


521 


673 


558 


478 


575 


572 


482 


478 


Mean . 




472 


486 


484 


482 


480 


480 


4806 


480c 


458a 


4926 


4806 


502c 


350a 


445 


511a 


503 


5286 


6766' 


554 


480 


578 


579 


474 


486 


Jan. 8... 


"i 


482 


478 


482 


480 


480 


482 


473 


485 


478 


492 


488 


T06 


480 


454 


528 


495 


473 


506 


503 


532 


480 


470 


453 


470 


407 


478 


481 


478 


478 


480 


454 


497 


478 


483 


490 


510 


482 


400 


524 


488 


472 


510 


506 520 


507 


450 


470 


464 


Mean . 




474 


478 


482 


479 


4796 


481 


464c 


491c 


478c 


4886 


189a 


5086 


481a 


400a 


526 


496 


472 


509 


504 


526 


494 


400 


402 


4G7 


Jan. 9... 


■{ 


474 


475 


481 


481 


484 


481 


475 


487 


493 


478 


491 


405 


479 


405 


502 


515 


490 


499 


498 


562 


477 


4G9 


483 


180 


480 


480 


481 


481 


4S0 


489 


473 


49.) 


494 


478 


485 


470 


474 


414 


501 


516 


494 


500 


501 


553 


490 


408 


481 


485 


Mean . 




477 


478 


481 


481 


482a 


485 


471a 


4886 


4946 


478a 


488a 


468. 


470a 


410 


5026 


516c 


4926 


5006 


5006 


5586 


484a 


4G8 


482 


460 


Jan. 10.. 


■i 


483 


489 


492 


482 


483 


483 


488' 


482 


488 


488 


500 


490 


482 


185 


486 


487 


486 


500 


490 


489 


492 


492 


482 


480 


482 


492 


494 


480 


484 


485 


490 


480 


490 


486 


500 


487 


484 


487 


487 


487 


488 


500 


491 


490 


491 


494 


484 


478 


Mean - 




482 


490 


493 


481 


184 


484a 


489 


481a 


4896 


487 


500 


488 


4836 


4806 


486 


487 


487 


•'00 


490a 


490a 


492 


493 


483 


479 


Jan. 11.. 


■\ 


400 


407 


480 


472 


479 


477 


490 


491 


485 


482 


483 


485 


480 


488 


488 


487 


488 


488 


490 


486 


480 


487 


490 


482 


400 


400 


480 


408 


473 


483 


491 


491 


484 


483 


481 


487 


485 


487 


480 


188 


488 


487 


400 


486 


488 


489 


483 


480 


Moan . 




403 


400 


480 


470 


476rt 


4806 


490a 


49la 


484a 


482a 


482a 


1866 


480a 


4866 


187 


488 


488 


468 


490 


486 


487 


488 


480 


484 


Jan. 12.. 


I 


4 SO 


488 


4S4 


488 


485 


486 


489 


487 


488 


493 


484 


185 


494 


457 


192 


488 


487 


495 


504 


510 


490 


483 


479 


484 


4t"6 


488 


487 


1S8 


484 


485 


485 


482 


491 


489 


488 


486 


489 


453 


492 


487 


490 


490 


506 


512 


492 


484 


478 


479 


i Mean - 




480 


488 


486 


488 


484 


486 


487 


4846 


4906 


491 a 


486a 


486 


4926 


4556 


492a 


488 


488a 


496a 


5056 


5116 


491 


484 


478 


482 


Jan. 13.. 


"i 


479 


485 


483 


485 


484 


484 


485 


486 


491 


485 


492 


488 


489 


492 


487 


514 


529 


500 


500 


483 


484 


489 


488 


487 


179 


485 


483 


484 


484 


483 


485 


184 


495 


489 


494 


484 


488 


488 


489 


517 


511 


498 


504 


485 


483 


488 


487 


480 


Mean . 




479 


485 


483 


484 


484 


484 


485 


485 


493 


487 


493 


486 


488 


490 


4886 


5166 


520c 


4996 


5026 


484 


484 


468 


488 


48G 


Jan. 14.. 


"\ 


485 


480 


470 


483 


480 


485 


486 


487 


479 


487 


484 


483 


485 


491 


492 


485 


498 


497 


504 


513 


502 


499 


493 


471 


485 


480 


478 


481 


480 


485 


48G 


487 


482 


484 


483 


480 


484 


490 


490 


503 


498 


496 


505 


519 


498 


497 


490 


472 


Mean . 




485 


480 


477 


482 


486 


485 


480 


487 


4806 


486c 


484c 


4826 


4846 


4906 


491a 


4916 


4986 


496a 


5046 


5106 


500 


198 


492 


472 


Jan. 15.. 


1 


470 
470 
470 


482 


480 


482 


480 


484 


481 


490 


487 


486 


484 


486 


480 


495 


046 


490 


499 


523 


490 


512 


501 


484 


488 


470 


Mean . 


482 


480 


482 


480 


484 


481 


490 


487 


480 


484 


4806 


4806 


495c 


0466 


490a 


4996 


523a 


4906 


512 


501 


484 


488 


470 


Jan. 10. . 


s 


484 


474 


483 


477 


488 


485 


492 


491 


492 


492 


487 


489 


488 


492 


502 


487 


503 


506 


474 


491 


493 


480 


487 


490 


■\ 




482 


478 


478 


493 


481 


485 


496 


482 


484 


491 


485. 


ISO 


494 


195 


485 


498 


507 


478 


490 


491 


480 


489 


488 


Mean . 




484 


478 


480 


478 


490 


483 


488 


494 


487a 


488c 


489 


4876 


489a 


4936 


498a 


480a 


500 


506 


470 


490 


492 


480 


488 


489 


Jan. 17 . . 


"i 


483 


481 


471 


485 


480 


481 


484 


487 


409 


185 


422 


450 


498 


502 


514 


494 


525 


509 


478 


482 


488 


510 


470 


478 


485 


482 


473 


485 


476 


482 


483 


487 


474 


497 


395 


490 


520 


504 


511 


490 


527 


008 


473 


484 


479 


493 


480 


479 


Mean . 




484 


482 


472 


485 


478 


482 


484 


487 


472 


491 


408 


473 


509 


503 


512 


492c 


526a 


588a 


470a 


483 


484 


502 


478 


478 


Jan. 18 .. 


"f 


472 


475 


478 


490 


482 


481 


474 


4»8 


481 


410 


475 


490 


481 


500 


516 


492 


496 


493 


495 


534 


555 


478 


470 


490 ' 


460 


476 


472 


489 


481 


477 


475 


489 


487 


431 


464 


513 


457 


501 


518 492 


494 


495 


506 


535 


515 


483 


474 


490 


Mean . 




460 


470 


475 


490 


482 


479 


4746 


4886 


4846 


420d 


470a 


5026 


4696 


500 a 


517 


492a 


495a 


4916 


5006 


534a 


535 


480 


475 


490 


Jan. 19.. 


■"{ 


465 


472 


481 


481 


487 


486 


488 


487 


483 


481 


496 


481 


485 


505 


490 


494 


503 


507 


507 


478 


469 


491 


494 


490 


471 


483 


478 


482 


485 


488 


480 


487 


480 


484 


491 


490 


486 


494 


482 


493 


51)2 


510 


510 


476 


490 


490 


491 


492 


Mean . 




40S 


478 


480 


482 


486 


487 


487 


487 


484 


4S2c 


494 a 


480 


480 


5006 


486a 


494 a 


502a 


5086 


5086 


4776 


490 


490 


492 


491 


Jan. 20. . 


i 


493 


490 


493 


492 


489 


483 


480 


493 


491 


474 


482 


543 


305 


438 


502 


501 


537 


577 


506 


525 


490 


480 


478 


475 


494 


491 


492 


490 


487 


485 


480 


492 


500 


400 


470 


485 


387 


440 


500 


502 


551 


588 


490 


507 


498 


490 


476 


478 


Mean . 




494 


490 


492 


491 


488 


484 


480 


492 


490a 


4676 


479c 


5146 


3406 


439a 


5016 


502a 


5446 


5S26 


4986 


500a 


494 


488 


477 


47G 


Jan. 21.. 


c 


477 


478 


475 


472 


484 


478 


480 


486 


485 


474 


489 


504 


495 


448 


457 


500 


510 


523 


499 


505 


406 


405 


486 


471 


' I 


478 


477 


477 


481 


487 


481 


480 


480 


482 


475 


5C6 


520 


485 


459 


464 


492 


511 


524 


503 


519 


470 


401 


475 


4 GO 


Mean . 





478 


478 


470 


476 


486 


480a 


483c 


4836 


4816 


474c 


498c 


5126 


4906 


4!4c 


460a 


499a 


510 


524 a 


501 


512 


408 


403 


480 


468 


Jan. 22.. 


■{ 


468 


470 


477 


484 


481 


483 


484 


483 


485 


484 


483 


480 


523 


387 


500 • 


483 


485 


490 


491 


488 


491 


480 


490 


474 


476 


475 


480 


483 


486 


485 


484 


483 


484 


484 


484 


478 


572 


380 


510 


481 


482 


491 


491 


490 


492 


481 


488 


472 


Mean . 




472 


470 


478 


484 


484 


484 


484 


483 


484 


484 


484 


479 


548c 


3846 


505a 


482 


484a 


490 


491 


489 


492 


460 


489 


473 


Jan.- 23.. 


'■{ 


469 


473 


479 


481 


482 


482 


482 


485 


183 


483 


482 


485 


458 


504 


528 


480 


499 


503 


481 


482 


483 


492 


-198 


484 


470 


475 


478 


484 


483 


483 


482 


485 


481 


483 


483 


483 


470 


487 


530 


480 


498 


504 


484 


484 


482 


493 


497 


500 


Mean . 




470 


474 


478 


482 


482 


482 


482 


485 


482 


483 


482 


484 


404 


496 


529 


480 


498 


504 


482 


483 


482 


492 


498 


492 


Jan. 24.. 


■{ 


482 


480 


488 


483 


484 


486 


484 


485 


483 


484 


482 


490 


485 


489 


495 


497 


501 


534 


515 


540 


530 


473 


493 


465 


488 


481 


480 


483 


484 


484 


485 


487 


484 


485 


483 


485 


480 


492 


494 


491 


491 


534 


518 


550 


480 


4G2 


510 


450 


Mean . 




485 


480 


484 


483 


484 


485 


484 


480 


484 


184 


482 


488 


480 


490 


494 


494a 


496 


534 


510 


545a 


505 


4G8 


502 


458 


Jan. 25.. 


-"{ 


474 


494 


482 


472 


490 


476 


489 


484 


485 


498 


489 


480 


035 


480 


501 


499 


548 


521 


486 


575 


080 


430 


519 


450 


409 


492 


470 


480 


492 


474 


487 


482 


487 


493 


487 


472 


070 


486 


494 


511 


525 


517 


483 


502 


749 


500 


534 


4G2 


Mean . 




472 


493 


479 


476 


491 


475 


488 


483 


480 


4906 


488 


470 


052c 


483a 


4986 


505a 


530a 


519 


484a 


5086 


714 


405 


520 


459 


Jan. 20. . 


"{■ 


401 


470 


472 


485 


478 


464 


472 


491 


474 


474 


4G6 


530 


455 


494 


482 


490 


507 


480 


526 


504 


514 


660 


432 


450 


454 


402 


471 


480 


472 


446 


470 


492 


478 


481 


409 


537 


400 


498 


505 


527 


495 


481 


541 


510 


520 


575 


4S9 


448 


Mean . 




458 


409 


472 


482 


475a 


455c 


471c 


4926 


4706 


4736 


408c 


5316 


4586 


496a 


4946 


506c 


501c 


484 


534a 


507a 


520 


618 


460 


449 


Jan. 27.. 


"( 


445 


464 


472 


470 


481 


490 


491 


487 


490 


482 


500 


484 


404 


492 


485 


494 


516 


558 


468 


527 


502 


493 


490 


478 


435 


461 


466 


474 


482 


487 


192 


480 


481 


484 


495 


482 


397 


498 


491 


491 


443 


561 


474 


516 


510 


500 


482 


490 


Mean . 




440 


462 


469 


475 


482a 


4886 


492a 


4806 


4886 


4836 


■198a' 


4R3c 


400a 


4956 


4886 


4926 


480c 


5606 


471a 


522 


500 


496 


486 


484 


Jan. 28.. 


-"{ 


431 


478 


478 


470 


487 


482 


467 


470 


490 


495 


491 


491 


489 


492 


490 


487 


486 


491 


494 


529 


526 


484 


472 


48G 


450 


483 


460 


482 


491 


480 


463 


480 


495 


496 


484 


48* 


48G 


493 


487 


489 


484 


493 


491 


523 


522 


493 


470 


472 


Mean . 




440 


480 


409 


476 


489a 


4816 


465c 


475c 


492c 


496c 


4886 


4906 


-!88a 


492a 


488 


488 


485 


4926 


492a 


526 


524 


488 


474 


479 


Jan. 29 . 


-"{ 


475 


479 


477 


471 


477 


493 


189 


484 


480 


494 


500 


488 


485 


481 


491 


500 


506 


500 


500 


507 


504 


488 


482 


475 


472 


409 


479 


173 


478 


492 


489 


490 


492 


190 


492 


494 


480 


483 


491 


514 


507 


498 


500 


499 


507 


493 


486 


475 


Mean . 


.. 


474 


474 


478 


472 


178a, 


492 


489 


4876 


4896 


4926 


490c 


491a 


480 


4826 


4916 


5076 


50 1 6 


499 


5006 


503 


500 


490 


484 


475 


Jan. 30.. 


■{ 


474 


480 


475 


181 


481 


481 


488 


485 


490 


183 


484 


505 


407 


485 


495 


498 


489 


518 


473 


490 


497 


493 


480 


486 


475 


470 


480 


481 


481 


481 


486 


480 


483 


187 


485 


510 


470 


480 


499 


494 


489 


510 


478 


488 


495 


496 


489 


482 


Mean . 




474 


178 


478 


481 


481 


481a 


487a 


4-0a 


486a 


485 


484c 


508c 


468c 


4866 


497a 


4966 


489c 


517c 


470a 


489a 


490 


494 


188 


484 


Jan. 31.. 


j 


466 


108 


476 


400 


479 


479 


181 


475 


587 


193 


433 


182 


550 


500 


498 496 


498 


528 


510 


502 


550 


492 


191 


472 


468 


470 


480 


489 


479 


480 


483 


483 


508 


495 


413 


185 


014 


500 


501 


495 


466 


530 


520 


511 


543 


489 


496 


473 


Mean . 




467 


409 


478 
479.1 


190 


479 
182.2 


180 
482.3 


482 


479c 


5780" 
180.9 


491 d 


423c?. 
479.0 


484c 
478.4 


582a' 
481.4 


5036 


500a 


490a 
495.7 


497a 
502.6 


529 
514.9 


518 
499.1 


506 


540 


490 
494.7 


494 


472 


Means 


474. 2 


479. (, 


479.7 


483. 1 


485. 5 


181.9 


477.1 


498.7 


500.2 


511.1 


484.9 


477.0 



Monthly mean, 488.1 



472 



EXPEDITION TO POKT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, TJglaa/mie, Alaska, February, 1883. 



Date. 




0" 


V 


gli 


3" 


4" 


5' 1 


6* 


7 L 


8> !*'< 

1 


10 1 ' 


11>> jf 0(m ! Jgl, 

! 


14h 


15 h 16" 


17 h IS 1 ' 


IS* 


20* 


21» 


22* 


'-"»'• 


Feb.l... 


( 

■ \ 


488 

465 


475 
475 


474 
474 


488 

488 


479 

479 


470 


468 


485 


i 
483 4S6 483 

! 1.... 


482 470 470 


486 


483 


499 
4996 


1 
498 1534 
1 


795 


459 


589 


652 


699 


Mean . 


.. 48G 


470 


168 


485 


483 ,486 


483. ,48 a 470c I470d 


486c 


483a 


4986 1534;, 


7956 


459 


589 


652 


699 


Feb. 2... 


( 408 


438 


491 


-187 


448 


494 


472 


493 


491 461 


490 i532 '475 '270 


494 


531 |489 


512 525 


519 


464 


489 


419 


453 


' i ! - 


402 


479 


520 


442 


491 


403 


492 


433 '463 


481 [418 477 :295 


489 


544 I486 


517 


515 


513 


496 


490 


593 


4' 6 ' 


Mean . 


. - . 468 


450 


485 


504 


445 


492 


408 


492a 


4S7a 462 


486c 4756 4706 282c 


492a 


538c 1488a 


5146 


5-0 a 


516 


480 


490 


5C6 


400 


Teb. 3 .. 


( 4G4 
■ \ 460 


495 


47S 


483 


4S0 


406 


470 


452 


5J6 500 


470 1538 527 438 


725 


4C6 |476 


514 


533 


622 


495 


500 


463 


415 


498 


479 


487 


482 


401 


467 


448 


515 484 


466 i5i0 


542 432 


004 . 


481 471 


519 


520 


444 


602 


449 


450 


453 ■ 


Mean . 


. . . 402 


490 


-178 


485 


484 


480 


472 


450c 


520c :492a 408c |539c 


5346 435c 


664 a 


4746 4746 


5106 


520 


533 


548 


474 


450 


4:..l 


Feb. 4... 


( 476 


481 


493 


471 


477 


477 


483 


179 


464 490 541 [438 
406 447 5,5 !452 


444 500 


440 


572 ;506 


460 


550 


602 


425 


488 


4'3 


459 


' I 473 


492 


482 


460 


481 


475 


484 


480 


438 420 


452 


487 507 


454 


553 


591 


450 


472 


449 


467 


Mean. 


... 474 


480 


4*8 


406 


479 


47G 


484a 


480a 


4056 '468a 538a |4456 


4416 469c 


440a 


">3C6 !50C6 


4576 554 


590 


438 


4S0 


446 


•IC3 


Feb. 5... 


( 479 
' \ 482 


482 


488 


470 


485 


485 


500 


1.".8 


466 476 |465 J450 |4G2 i498 


495 


494 1509 


506 540 


476 


486 


487 


4CS 


47"> 


407 


479 


4CC 


482 


483 


500 


474 


482 475 


473 414 155 '502 


493 


495 509 


507 


535 


493 


469 


485 


493 


476 


Mean . 


...480 


474 


484 


■168 


484 


484(1 


500 


406 


484 ,476 


409 432 


458 500 


494 


494 509 


506 


533 


484 


488 


486 


430 


470 


Fcb.6... 


< 474 
) 480 


469 


480 


481 


403 


479 


491 


472 


4S9 ,489 


483 J494 


484 402 


494 


482 494 


566 


662 


509 


463 


042 


403 


410 


469 


486 


480 


477 


476 


490 


478 


482 486 482 J495 


485 405 


503 


483 


493 


571 


692 


494 


400 


552 


459 


489 ' 


Mean . 


- - . '480 


469 


483 


480 


470 


478 


430c 


475c 


486 488 482 494 


484 ,404 


498c 


482c 


494c 


508c 


6716 


502 


462 


597 


461 


484 


Feb. 7... 


(480 
• X 1480 
...480 


490 


476 


483 


47S 


481 


485 


480 


4S9 ,491 478 485 


488 495 


484 


•190 


484 


485 


489 


492 


506 


499 


481 


485 


476 


480 


481 


475 


485 


485 


481 


493 485 484 J487 


488 494 


484 


488 


485 


486 


189 


494 


507 


500 


463 


486 


Mean . 


483 


478 


482 


476 


483 


485a 


480 


401 .488 J481 486 


488 1494 


484 


489 


484 


486 


489 


493 


506 


500 


462 


488 


Feb. 8... 


(476 
X 478 


467 


482 


481 


179 


479 


479 


486 


487 4S9 480 575 472 1487 


492 


500 


491 


486 


5(8 


496 


498 


500 


484 


481 


467 


480 


481 


479 


480 


478 


487 


482 481 '478 ;570 409 483 


491 500 


492 


487 


507 


495 


499 


496 


485 


479 


Mean . 




477 


467 


481 


41-1 


419 


480 


478 


486 


484 


4856 ,4796 J5726 


47Cc 4856 


492a 500c 


492c 


4866 


508 


496 


498 


4C8 


484 


480 


Feb. 9... 


"{ 


478 


480 


481 


476 


481 


485 


477 


481 


484 


491 1484 


482 


483 478 


484 J4S4 


4S4 


493 


493 


509 


r>36 


£33 


498 


474 


478 


481 


478 


479 


482 


485 


478 


482 


485 


490 484 


482 


487 476 


484 ,487 


463 


493 


495 


510 


539 


520 


490 


470 


Mean . 




478 


480 


4S0 


478 


483 


485 


478 


482 


484 


490 484 


482 


485 477 


484 Use 


484 


493 


494 


510 


538 


520 


494 


472 


Feb. 10.. 


"{ 


477 


472 


478 


460 


486 


485 


189 


482 


481 


4 87 479 


471 1488 480 


490 T492 


503 


488 1-191 


499 


496 


490 


492 


484 


478 


472 


478 


474 


474 


471 


193 


479 


480 


180 479 472 |484 4S5 


493 [490 


510 


491 


492 


495 


493 


485 


490 


478 


Mean . 


...478 


472 


478 


470 


480 


478 


191 


480 


480 


484 479 472 i486 482 


49:6 491a 


500a 


4906 


492 


497 


494 


488 


491 


481 


Feb. 11.. 


( \m 

■ X 485 


490 


185 


486 


482 


483 


483 


483 


490 


488 487 400 1465 ,489 


•187 493 530 


497 


506 


487 


483 


488 


4fG 


481 


491 


486 


480 


483 


483 


183 


483 


485 


483 486 |459 442 491 


487 I-496 5:3 


498 


505 


483 


471 


490 


4U5 


482 ' 


Mean . 


-- ,489 


490 


486 


486 


482 


483 


483 


483a 


4866 


4866 ! 48C6 4606 4546 ,4906 


487a 4946 15266 


4986 


51,6 


485 


477 


489 


48J 


482 


Feb. 12.. 


(482 
' ( 482 


4S2 
484 


483 
482 


485 
485 


483 
482 


484 
483 


483 
183 


485 
484 


493 
485 


482 481 1479 (438 ,501 

483 482 479 |442 ,498 


48S ,522 
492 1517 


499 
505 


486 
486 


491 
491 


491 
491 


189 

489 


484 
483 


482 

4,-2 


483 
487 


Mean - 


. . . 482 


483 


482 


485 


482 


484 


483 


484 


489 


482 482 U79 J440 500 


490 520 


502 


466 


491 


491 


489 


484 


462 


485 


Feb. 13 . 


( 481 
■ X 480 


482 


483 


483 


483 


483 


483 


483 


4f3 


483 4S5 1485 J4S2 485 


487 4» 5 


498 


497 


494 


492 


4C3 


485 


498 


487 . 


482 


484 


483 


483 


483 


483 


481 


483 


484 


484 1488 483 480 


486 485 


5;0 


497 


497 


490 


492 


486 


434 


482 


Mean . 


...480 


482 


484 


483 


483 


483 


483 


482 


483 


484 


484 486 


482 480 


486 485a 


499a 


497 


4~96 


491 


492 


486 


490 


484 


Feb. 14. . 


( 478 
■ X 478 


479 


480 


482 


481 


479 


181 


486 


457 


402 


481 1496 


475 -491 


518 1525 


535 


507 


489 


501 


452 


4S9 


500 


495 


481 


481 


481 


481 


483 


482 


485 


459 


4G6 404 1495 


479 1488 


513 |488 545 


4S3 


488 


485 


473 


512 


490 


491 ' 


Mean . 


---478 


480 


480 


482 


481 


481 


4S2 


486 


458 


404 1 472c [4966 


4716 490a 


51Ga 506 540 


500 


488 


493 


462 


500 


495 


493 


Fob. 15.. 


( '475 
■ X 470 
. . - 472 


482 
482" 


483 


480 


495 


487 


486 


484 


479 


482 


484 479 


482 i490 




490 487 487 




485 


489 


488 


4E9 


465 


483 


478 


Mean . 


483 


480 


495 


487 


186 


484 


479 


482 


484 1479 


482 490 


490a 487 487 


485 


489 


488 


489 


485 


-183 


478 


Feb. 16-. 


-li 487 .. 


479 


481 


479 


472 


486 


487 


484 


478 


488 


485 |485 532 '487 


484 495 531 


486 


469 


499 


485 


467 


462 


483 


485 


482 


483 


471 


48G 


488 


483 


485 


486 491 479 


510 482 


482 500 j533 


483 


472 


493 


491 


4S4 


487 


483 


Mean . 


- . . 487 


482 


482 


481 


472 


486 


488 


484 


4S26 


487a 4886 482a 


521c 4846 


483a 498 


532a 484a 


470 


496 


488 


486 


484 


483 


Feb. 17.. 


( 478 
X 478 


482 


482 


483 


482 


483 


182 


480 


409 


464 |489. ,498 


485 484 


541 473 


487 


570 


540 


496 


484 


501 


460 


478 


482 


482 


-182 


482 


484 


483 


480 


473 


463 493 ,501 


489 485 


540 476 


489 


573 


515 


486 


487 


504 


472 


470 


Mean . 


...,478 


482 


482 


482 


482 


484 


482 


480 


471 


404c 491c 500a 487 484 


540 ,474 


488 


572 


542 


491 


486 


502 


479 


477 


Feb. 18.. 


(462 
' X 461 


412 


478 


496 


481 


484 


481 


485 


486 486 1481 1478 482 i486 


485 '485 469 


503 477 


490 


489 


517 


477 


470 


475 


478 


496 


481 


482 


479 


481 


485 481 478 ,484 


482 483 


485 1485 1489 


503 479 


48S 


490 


510 


479 


475 


Mean . 


...462 


474 


478 


495 


481 


483 


480 


483 


486 481 480 481 


482 ,484 


485 485 489 


503a 1478 


489 


490 


514 


478 


472 


Feb. 19.. 


(470 

• X .407 


480 


478 


475 


473 


478 


472 


487 


489 486 


487 i486 


481 485 


486 486 489 


486 4S6 


489 


488 


489 


468 


480 


481 


479 


475 


471 


470 


472 


484 


489 487 


485 485 


482 483 


487 487 489 


485 485 


488 


486 


489 


487 


489 


Mean . 


- - - 468 


4S0 


478 


475 


472 


474 


472 


486 


489 486 


486 I486 


482 ,484 


486 486 1469 


486 486 


488 


487 


489 


488 


488 


Feb. 20.. 


(488 
■{ 480 


484 


481 


478 


480 


480 


475 


4-3 


473 467 


461 '464 


495 |684 


546 


450 490 


515 4-9 


490 


486 


488 


495 


482 


483 


481 


476 


480 


481 


476 


483 


475 1468 


459 1472 


491 712 


554 


450 490 


516 |4S9 


494 


489 


485 


SCO 


485 


Mean . 


. . . '487 


484 


4S1 


477 


480 


480 


476 


483 


474 ,468 


460 ;468 493 |6ii8 


550a 


4536 490 


516 489 


492 


488 


4S6 


498 


484 


Feb. 21.. 


(481 
■ I 483 


483 


482 


4S4 


483 


484 


484 


484 


487 481 


474 478 


483 485 


529 


494 


503 


497 484 


494 


490 


506 


493 


494 


480 


480 


483 


483 


483 


4S4 


4S3 


484 484 


480 482 


48G J483 


538 


491 


515 


495 484 


497 


492 


511 


488 


500 


Mean . 


- . . 482 


482 


481 


484 


483 


484 


484 


484 


486 482 


477 480 


484 ;484 


534 


492 


509 


496 |484 


496 


491 


508 


490 


497 


Feb. 22. . 


( 499 
■} 495 


462 


450 


494 


472 


454 


485 • 


468 


499 


490 


409 650 453 J486 


555 


529 


661 


800 430 


462 


503 


485 


490 


507 


453 


439 


498 


470 


450 


476 


471 


479 


478 


470 1503 437 489 


550 


5! 8 


581 


710 547 


479 


477 


512 


500 


503 


Mean . 


- - . 497 


458 


444 


496 


471 


452 


480a 


470b 


48S6 


4846 


470a 5706 445a 488 


552a 


5246 


6216 


755c J488 


470 


490 


498 


495 


505 


Feb. 23.. 


( 453 


486 


471 


462 


508 


480 


4-4 


403 


614 


507 


610 414 1494 491 


544 


472 


509 


517 531 


470 


511 


518 


478 


488 


■ X 453 


498 


456 


468 


504 


480 


476 


441 


547 


601 


408 418 1491 487 


535 


401 


507 


508 515 


475 


510 


515 


485 


486 


Mean . 


.-453 


492 


464 


465 


506 


480 


480a 


422c 


580d 


584c 


509c 416a ,492 489 


540c 466 


508 


512 523 


472 


510 


516 


482 


487 


Feb. 24.. 


-\fe 


740 


483 


470 


473 


475 


476 


513 


485 494 


478 1560 ]505 ;4S7 


494 482 


557 


445 515 


463 


585 


582 


">73 


44G 


474 


482 


474 


476 


471 


485 


503 


481 482 


475 !082 518 483 


495 1495 


498 


428 479 


469 


530 


578 


530 


550 


Mean . 




408 


472 


482 


472 


474 


473 


4806 


508c 


4836 


488 


4766 !571c 5126 4S5a 


494a 488a 528e 


436a '497 


466 


558 


580 


552 


498 


Feb. 25.. 


"{ 


405 


408 


458 


440 


484 


462 


474 


472 


490 


360 


490 355 472 476 


436 1494 1483 


490 507 


486 


475 


492 


484 


481 


402 


467 


501 


446 


475 


460 


480 


467 


483 


368 


499 372 1451 459 


414 494 482 


493 487 


4S2 


493 


488 


489 


482 


Mean . 




464 


468 


480 


443 


480 


401 


477a 


4706 


486d 


3646 


494c 


364c 462c 468a 


4256 '494a 482 


492 J497 


4S4 


484 


490 


480 


482 


Feb. 26.. 


1 


472 


472 


477 


477 


479 


478 


484 


471 


473 


474 


500 


490 489 


476 


564 '465 


509 


498 


541 


602 


522 


509 


480 


474 


471 


471 


483 


477 


472 


485 


481 


475 


470 


484 


497 


492 ,489 


470 


575 460 


502 


494 


534 


582 


539 


517 


482 


477 


Mean . 




472 


472 


480 


477 


47G 


482 


482c 


473d 


472d 


479d 


498a 


491a '489 


473c 


570a 462 


506 


496 


538 


592 


530 


513 


4S1 


470 


Feb. 27.. 


-I 


467 


470 


488 


478 


476 


479 


479 


467 


500 


460 


452 


485 375 


470 


494 486 


507 


523 


610 


570 


584 


519 


460 


478 


470 


490 


492 


469 


478 


476 


476 


485 


490 


470 


439 


482 '391 


482 


492 486 


544 


515 


629 


533 


515 


530 


•165 


485 


Mean . 




468 


480 


490 


474 


477 


478 


478 


476a 


495c 


465c 


440c 


4816 383a 


4706 


4936 4866 


5266 


519 


620 


552 


550 


524 


462 


482 


Feb. 28.. 


'{ 


485 


431 


485 


495 


467 


471 


473 


472 


543 


434 


564 


468 1479 


410 


556 499 


559 


622 


442 


520 


459 


493 


443 


468 


482 


433 


463 


493 


479 


473 


464 


478 


541 


428 


566 


463 482 


398 


568 494 


566 


648 491 


537 


489 


450 


491 


456 


Mean. 




484 


432 


474 
479.3 


494 
479.8 


473 

478.9 


472 
479.0 


468 


475 


542d 


431 


565c 


466a !480 


404 


562 ]496 


562 


635 466 


528 


474 


472 


467 
491.1 


462 


Means 


476.2 


476.0 


481.4 


478.2 


489. 1 478. 485. 6J483. 7 476. 4 476. 6 


507. 7 491. 6 


507.9 


513.6 


513. 6,513. 8 


494.5 


505.4 


487.8 



Monthly mean, 489.4 



ALASKA. 



473 



Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, March, 1883. 



Date. 


h 


1' 


2* 


3" 


4b 


5" 


•a* 


7" 


S" 


9" 


10" 11* 


Soon. 13 h 


14'' 15 1 ' 


It" 


17" 


IS" 


IB" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


2S" 


Mar. 1 . . 


■{ 


470 

475 


490 480 


468 


465 


473 


457 


467 


477 


491 


581 445 


1 
448 ( 250 


i 
179 513 500 
| 


589 


480 


546 


652 


505 


492 


490 


Mean . 


. . . 472 


. .... 
490 j480 


408 


465 473 


457a 


407c 


477 


4916 


581 d 445a [448c !25Cc 


479a 5136 000a 


589 


480 


540 


652 


505 


492 


490 


Mar. 2 . . 


( 447 


484 -472 


500 


104 477 


459 


497 


491 


482 [401 525 1570 514 472 430 450 


568 


519 


515 


480 


520 


488 


528 


487 4G3 


524 


465 483 


479 


498 


486 


499 3S8 521 402 496 408 [432 [451 


572 


525 


500 


472 


479 


G02 


486 


Mean . 


.. 447" 


486 [4G8 


515 


404 480 


4016 


496d 


488(2 


4!,Cd ,400c 523d 51C6 505a ,440a 4316 454a 


570a 


522 


510 


47G' 


500 


545 


507 


Mar. 3 . . 


C [476 
' \ ]4U5 


480 485 


404 


476 1481 


509 


495 


450 


515 440 493 ,479 478 510 529 496 


514 


453 


510 


489 


499 


483 


509 


488 480 


460 


480 '4C0 


541 


491 


456 


430 452 501 481 477 !502 525 497 


514 


500 


528 


483 


509 


480 


498 


Mean . 


.. 470 


484 1480 


462 


478 474 


525d 


493c 


453c 


472c 448c 5C0c 4M)a 4786 501a 5276 490a 


514 


480 


519 


486 


504 


482 


504 


Mar. 4 .. 


C 408 
' \ 474 


486 J463 


476 


492 473 


489 


380 


475 


473 [487 [450 j487 [422 1494 4f;G ,503 


495 


509 


511 


499 


500 


499 


474 


489 U80 


474 


494 


478 


492 


490 


474 


474 [492 481 485 432 5C0 ! 490 JF08 


489 


505 


503 


501 


500 


497 


473 


Mean . 




471 


488 472 


475 


493 


470 


400a 


4366 


474c 


474c 4E0c 4086 486a 427c 4976 4966 ,5C6a 


492 


507 


507 


500 


500 


498 


474 


Mr.r. 5 .. 


V 


470 


476 


482 


408 


473 


458 


471 


478 


482 


449 491 491 [400 1479 479 470 522 


492 


512 


488 


479 


482 


481 


485 


( 


478 


477 


4«2 


404 


473 


404 


474 


476 


476 


468 400 1498 [374 490 480 475 1510 


490 


509 


484 


482 


487 


480 


484 


Mean - 




477 


476 


482 


400 


473 


461 


472ci 


477c 


4796 


458c 4906 494c 14176 484a 480a 470 519 


491 


510 


486 


480 


484 


484 


484 


Mar. 6 . . 


( 


480 


475 


479 


483 


473 [479 


484 


478 


177 


477 1482 480 483 [518 UG8 ;497 515 


527 


489 


522 


542 


532 


470 


483 


■\ 480 


479 


484 


482 


470 477 


484 


478 


482 


484 480 484 502 (435 465 496 ,522 


530 


491 


511 


530 


550 


4G2 


480 


M( an . 


...480 


477 


482 


482 


474 478 


484 


478 


480 


480a 14846 4b7a 492 [4706 460a 496* 518 


528 


490 


516 


53G 


541 


406 


482 


Mar. 7 . - 


C 490 
• ) 493 


472 


470 


471 


486 


479 


402 


476 


474 


453 487 4^6 455 471 482 508 463 


503 


574 


489 


470 


481 


488 


462 


475 406 


409 


488 


480 


4C4 


481 


472 


457 497 494 405 472 (500 510 |453 


504 


554 


484 


473 


476 


480 


460 


Mean . 


... 492 


474 468 


470 


487 


480 463a 


4786 


4736 


455,- 492d 490(2 40 6 472a 4906 


5086 |458a 


504 


504 


480 


472 


478 


487 


461 


Mar. 8 . . 


{ 


482 


477 491 


465 


484 


468 409 


483 


473 461 1455 [500 487 [465 481 


570 501 


506 


487 


506 


540 


547 


515 


459 


485 


470 4S0 


409 


482 


406 1465 


478 


484 ;330 451 485 490 ,483 [478 


573 515 


512 


485 


501 


530 


520 


511 


480 


Mean. 




484 


470 


490 


407 


483 


407 |4«76 


480c 


4786 390d 453d 492c 488a 4746 480a 


572a 1508 


509 


486 


504 


535 


534 


513 


470 


Mar. 9 . . 


■J 


4U0 


473 


475 


433 


462 


4E0 


490 


483 490 1495 !474 |4C4 4C8 1455 J485 


481 497 


509 


502 


562 


499 


471 


473 


482 


404 


472 


470 


423 


4)3 


498 


494 


485 '489 -491 480 ;468 '403 452 i486 


487 493 


503 


519 


002 


493 


47G 


475 


483 


Mean . 




402 


472 


470 


428 


458 


497 


495 


484a 4906 4936 4806 4006 4GGd 454a 480a 


4-4 495 


500 


510 


582 


496 


474 


474 


482 


Mar. 10 - 


t 


487. 


474 


483 


475 


474 


470 


474- 


484 482 479 498 479 ;410 472 '498 J507 496 


504 


510 


464 


511 


490 


491 


480 


■ S 


484 


475 


482 


477 


476 


476 


474 


483 470 ,478 503 475 393 475 496 ,508 492 


504 


510 


459 


516 


485 


496 


479 


Mean - 




480 


474 


482 


476 


475 


476 


474 


484 '4706 4786 5G0c 4776 402e [474a 4976 '5086 494 


504 


510 


462 


514 


488 


494 


480 


Mar. 11 . 


■{ 


479 


468 479 


476 


480 481 


485 


481 ,491 487 481 J492 ,486 520 1521 1494 498 


5CO 


495 


493 


4G0 


491 


496 


495 


476 


468 478 


470 


480 |481 1485 


4i-0 495 1491 479 488 ,482 517 


508 495 499 


503 


493 


495 


488 


490 


489 


496 


Moan . 




478 


468 


478 


476 


480 


481 


485 


484 493a 489a 4806 4806 484a 518c 


514a ,4946 498 


506 


494 


494 


489 


490 


498 


496 


Mar. 12 . 


■{ 


4S5 


480 


480 


481 


476 


480 


483 


483 [483 481 482 |487 485 488 


494 |533 525 


474 


478 


521 


492 


490 


482 


467 


493 


481 


481 


481 


476 


480 


483 


484 480 |4.73 478 ,490 ;487 487 
484 482 '477 480 4886 486a 488 


495 534 547 


465 


482 


530 


490 


500 


471 


468 


Mean . 




489 


480 


480 


4S1 


476 


480 


483 


494 5346 536 


470 


480 


526 


491 


495 


476 


468 


Mar. 13 . 


I 


485 


475 


484 


477 


471 


462 


429 


386 ! 427 ]434 467 432 475 1498 


490 471 496 


495 


487 


491 


486 


485 


484 


487 


500 


476 


484 


479 


475 404 


436 


365 '436 ! 432 .459 |386 1480 495 


403 470 4S7 


495 


483 


494 


490 


488 


480 


486 


Mean . 




492 


476 


484 


178 


473 


463 


432 


376d '4326 .4336 4636 ,409c 4786 4SGa 


476d 47Ca 492 


495 


485 


492 


488 


486 


482 


486 


Mar. 14 . 


-[ 


487 


486 


485 


482 


480 


480 


470 


482 464 ,651 464 485 ,643 45S 


479 [500 469 


495 


504 


514 


479 


486 


178 


472 


482 


492 


482 


482 


482 


479 


471 


478 453 '558 175 479 [C91 437 


477 497 489 


492 


500 


509 


471 


483 


482 


472 


Mean . 




484 


4S9 


484 


482 


481 


480 


470 


480 4026 ;e:046 4706 14826 607c 448a 478a [498a 489 


494 


5U2 


512 


475 


484 


480 


472 


Mar. 15 . 


■I 


474 

477 
476 


480 
480 


479 
479' 


481 
48L 


482 
482" 


477 
477 ' 


481 


480 47 3 [406 480 J527 [470 495 


492 [491 510 


500 


492 


490 


490 


491 


484 


484 


Mean . 


481 


480 473 460 480 ;527c [470d 


4956 


4926 491 510 


500 


492 
497 


496 


490 


491 


484 


484 


Mar. 16 . 


■{ 


480 


485 1 181 


483 


481 


482 


481 


470 509 [483 [495 4S5 483 


488 


484 491 492 


502 


499 


490 


485 


486 


487 




485 [482 


482 


483 


482 


479 


472 514 1484 491 484 482 


488 


185 490 495 


500 


491 


494 


480 


482 


485 


469 


Mean . 




486" 


485 482 


482 


482 ;482 


480 


4716 512c 4846 494 ,484 4S2 


488 484 490a 491 


5 ul 


494 


496 


488 


4S4 


480 


488 


Mar. 17 . 


"{ 


48 L 


48U |479 


479 


4:5 481 


484 


474 4S9 1490 1491 472 [494 


490 '495 [490 486 


487 


500 


494 


495 


500 


515 


47G 


479 


48L 1479 


479 


473 483 


483 


476 483 480 479 481 493 


488 ,406 486 1465 


487 


502 


498 


480 . 


490 


510 


475 


Mean . 


...'480 


480 479 


479 


474 482 


484 


475 486 488a 485c 4766 4946 


489a [496 |488a [486 


487 


501 


496 


492 


498 


512 


476 


Mar. 18 . 


( 477 


484 474 


476 


483 419 


483 


482 478 4^ 492 481 487 


480 


530 507 486 


493 


482 


497 


494 


500 


486 . 


481 


) 475 


482 474 


478 


482 479 


481 


4S3 [485 |488 1477 :483 485 


485 


526 [500 485 


494 


490 


494 


492 


499 


480 


480 


Mean . 


. 470 


4S3 474 


477 


482 479 


482 


482 [482 488 [484 482a 480 


4826 


528c 5t4a 486 


494 


48G 


496 


493 


500 


483 


480 


Mar. 19 . 


( 478 
• > 479 


480 481 


483 


482 481 


482 


485 473 491 486 488 4f3 


490 


490 


484 495 


483 


503 


499 


491 


485 


489 


490 


479 480 


483 


482 481 


482 


482 478 481 i486 487 481 


491 


488 


484 


480 


488 


504 


494 


495 


490 
488 


490 


488 


Mean . 


...478 


480 480 


4S3 


482 [481 


482 


484 476 486 [480 [4886 4826 


490 


489 


484 


492 


486 


504 


496 


493 


490 


489 


Mar. 20 . 


C 479 
• \ 480 


479 478 


481 


409 1484 


484 


484 i486 485 481 485 [486 


489 485 


488 ■ 


491 


494 


492 


493 


496 


494 


490 


484 


479 480 


481 


472 483 


4S0 


484 487 ,487 ,490 [496 [485 


492 |4>-9 


400 


490 


492 


494 


495 


495 


495 


491 


482 


Mean . 


...480 


479 479 


481 


470 [484 


485 


484 


486 486 4S0 


490 [488 


490 487 


489 


490 


493 


493 


494 


496 


494 


490 


483 


Mar. 21 . 


C 486 
■ ) 486 


476 480 


4 " 


474 475 


465 


401 


447 470 1407 


465 j502 


440 485 


507 502 


525 


502 


530 


602 


520 


502 


493 


474 ;480 




474 470 


468 


407 


440 [445 441 


470 1500 


445 486 


517 504 


540 


505 


523 


570 


511 


523 


485 


Mean . 


480 


475 480 


472 


474 472 


400 


4046 


4446 458c [4546 


468 501 


4426 [486 


5126 503 


532 


504 


520 


580 


516 


512 


489 


Mar. 22 - 


5 474 

- [ 481 


450 486' 


458 


475 


478 


490 


484 


435 ,393 448 


414 [510 


420 486 511 


503 


503 


514 


550 


533 


499 


467 


459 


461 


499 


464 


465 


474 


488 


483 


431 434 441 


427 [515 


422 480 516 


506 


498 


490 


554 


511 


493 


474 


459 


Mean - 


. . 478 


458 


492 


461 


470 


476 


489 


484 


433 414 444 


420 [512 


424 483 


514 


504 


500 


502 


552 


522 


496 


470 


459 


Mar. 23 . 


{ 


491 


464 


469 


484 


474 


470 


450 


495 


497 471 498 


482 478 


482 467 


470 


485 


477 


527 


511 


499 


481 


476 


452 


469 


409 


468 


486 


472 


471 


455 


526 


503 474 507 484 [479 


482 |500 


473 


487 


4S3 


520 


522 


504 


495 


480 


457 


Mean . 




490 


400 


468 


485 


473 470 


456 


5106 500c 472 


502 483 478 


482 4846 472 


486 


480 


526 


516 


502 


493 


478 


454 


Mar. 24 . 


"i« 


475 475 


462 


470 


474 


406 


475 499 


485 


494 


488 


485 


480 481 480 


491 


487 


498 


495 


493 


495 


490 


494 


475 478 


464 


469 


466 


472 


477 


490 


485 


497 


485 


486 


485 |482 479 


489 


496 


501 


499 


488 


491 


493 


493 


Mean . 




480 


475 470 


463 


470 


470 


469 


470 


494c 


4856 


496 


486 


486 


486 482 480 


490 


492 


500 


497 


490 


493 


492 


494 


Mar. 25 . 


■I 


480 


464 470 


472 


465 


4o0 


472 


407 


481 


470 


486 


490 


479 


484 480 486 511 


505 


527 


526 


505 


486 


503 


480 


478 


465 472 


409 


462 


481 


477 


458 


481 


478 


485 


488 


479 


483 1477 481 510 


507 


5L8 


522 


511 


493 


488 


478 


Mean . 




479 


404 471 


470 


464 


480 


474 


402 


481 


477 


486 


489 479 


484 


478 [481 510 


500 


528 


524 


508 


494 


500 


480 


Mar. 26 . 


"$ 


479 


480 475 


473 


405 


466 


480 


465 


480 


461 


461 


459 [432 


473 


475 522 '483 


480 


513 


495 


544 


505 , 


500 


466 


I * f 


480 475 


474 


465 


468 480 


466 


527 


457 


456 


452 427 


470 


481 530 486 


486 


515 


490 


549 


500 


602 


485 


Mean . 




480 


480 475 


174 


465 


407 '480 


4666 


504d 


459c 


458a 45G6 [430 


472 


478 ,526 481 


486 


514 


492 


546 


502 


581 


466 


Mar. 27 . 


"i 


492 


509 479 


452 


475 


454 464 


475 


432 


434 


504 422 394 


490 


524 467 487 


533 


547 


G50 


500 


505 1532 


458 


500 


503 476 


456 


470 


478 482 


477 


440 


429 


553 408 416 


487 


528 [463 485 


510 


551 


644 


591 


517 


519 


459 


Mean . 




490 


■Ji-Mj 


478 


454 


472 


466 |473 


476 


436a 


432c 


558c 4156 [405d 


488 


520 465 466 


522 


549 


047 


570 


511 1 


526 


458 


Mar. 28 . 


1 


5::2 


450 


468 


166 


423 


474 '444 


453 


450 


358 


400 [446 267 


402 


461 [500 550 


478 


529 


510 


485 


475 


512 


458 


455 


442 


470 


470 


439 


462 446 


443 


400 


373 


489 [455 318 


405 


496 511 541 


488 


533 


480 


493 


483 


503 


450 


Mean . 




494 


446 


469 


468 


431 


468 


445 


448 


455d 


363c 


474c 4506 |292a |464 


478 


506 546 


483 


531 


495 


489 


479 


508 


454 


Mar. 29 . 


"i 


449 


478 


480 


464 


447 


448 


406 


465 


478 


403 


499 


490 [532 [468 


480 


546 488 


543 


554 


548 


461 


465 


402 


463 


462 


480 


478 


471 


451 


463 


471 


458 


484 


463 


534 


493 


521 525 


4S3 


500 481 


544 


539 


533 


468 


502 


452 


475 


Mean . 




456 


479 479 


468 


449 


456 


468 


462 


481 


463 


510c 


492a 


520 49G6 


4S2a 


553 484 


544 


546 


540 


4G4 


484 


457 


4G9 


Mar. 30 . 


"i 


473 


481 488 


452 


470 


481 


481 


480 


474 


483 


519 


490 


493 438 


488 


480 492 


495 


480 


488 


480 


492 


480 


477 


■\ 4( 


470 1490 


458 


469 


481 


482 


480 


478 


487 


515 


498 


500 412 


484 


491 489 


510 


482 


482 


478 


495 


478 


476 


Mean . 




468 


478 489 


455 


470 


481 


482 


480 


476 


485 


517 


494 


496 4256 


486 


4S6 490 


502 


484 


485 


479 


494 


479 


476 
468 


Mar. 31 . 


; 


472 


473 472 


467 


464 


485 480 


474 


478 


460 


465 


492 


410 455 


494 


492 502 


537 


510 


519 


492 


485 


483 


475 


471 473 


467 


402 


480 474 


472 


478 


406 


465 


489 


448 451 


485 


495 491 


527 


508 


519 


494 


463 


485 


470 


Mean . 




474 | 

478.7 

1 


472 472 


467 


463 J482 1477 


473 


478 


406 


465 


490 
477.5 


429 453 


490 494 496 


532 
500. 8 


509 
505. 9 


519 


493 


484 484 
495. 0493. 6 


469 


Means 


4 7. 3478. 5 

1 


472.5| 


472. (,475. 5|475. 5 


471. 5 475. 3J469. 8 


483.8 


474.3 


467.5 


487.5 


498. 3 


497.0 


513. 2 


500.4 


478.8 



H. Ex. 44- 



-00 



Monthly mean, 484.7 



474 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, April, 1883. 



Date. 


h 


P 


*l 


1 


4- 


5 l 


C' 


7' 8" 


9' 


10 h 


IP 


Noon. 


13" 


14 s 


15* 


16" 


17" 


IS* 


19" 


20 h 


2P 


22 h 


<iW 


Apr. l-{ 
Mean 


466 
462 
464 


467 


439 


405 


459 


4G0 


470 


470 


478 


4G0 


482 


473 


478 


482 


476 


485 


481 


495 


515 


501 


483 


500 


465 


475 


407 


439 


405 


459 


400 


470 


470 


478 


400 


482 


473 


478 


482 


476 


485 


481 


495 


515 


301 


483 


500 


465 


475 


Apr. 2..£ 


470 


473 


471 


477 


406 


479 


482 


488 


480 


462 


474 


485 


485 


446 


500 


480 


495 


509 


613 


483 


488 


491 


493 


474 




476 


474 


476 


464 


483 


484 


477 


408 


465 


4C8 


492 


490 


471 


507 


491 


497 


507 


508 


485 


489 


484 


495 


478 


Mean 


470 


474 


472 


476 


465 


48L 


483 


482 


174(1 


404!) 


471!) 


488a 


4886 


4586 


504 


486 


4C6 


508 


600 


484 


488 


4S8 


494 


476 


Apr. 3..£ 


477 


473 


468 


472 


474 


475 


408 


4G5 


450 


4G6 


345 


470 


423 


650 


505 


437 


531 


539 


512 


505 


460 


485 


504 


520 


472 


470 


469 


471 


473 


475 


469 


403 


430 


447 


•297 


452 


432 


691 


470 


445 


520 


025 


498 


500 


442 


480 


500 


524 


Mean 


474 


472 


468 


472 


474 


475 


4G8 


404 


430a 


4066 


3216 


4616 


4-86 


670a 488 


441 


526 


5S2 


505 


500 


451 


482 


502 


522 


Apr. 4..| 


525 


452 


513 


469 


472 


456 


476 


476 


418 


474 


445 


475 


482 


435 :508 


510 


526 


528 


483 


552 


483 


480 


465 


495 


544 


430 


509 


401 


464 


457 


478 


472 


432 


448 


425 


4."6 


498 


424 J502 


504 


501 


523 


498 


604 


519 


519 


469 


463 


Mean 


534 


441 


511 


465 


468 


456 


477 


474 


425a 


4G16 


4356 


4GG6 


4906 


430a 505 


507 


514 


526 


490 


578 


501 


500 


467 


479 


Apr. 5.-5 


450 


477 


472 


474 


470 


472 


478 


470 


480 


459 


498 


448 


489 


485 514 


512 


486 


486 


496 


4S3 


533 


514 


480 


462 


447 


487 


470 


475 


405 


4S1 


483 • 


481 


485 


4G0~ 


423 


457 


48G 


4S5 479 


508 


4S2 


488 


494 


492 


534 


494 


486 


459 


Mean 


448 


482 


471 


474 


468 


470 


480 


478 


482 


4 CO 


4606 


452 


488 


485 496 


510 


484 


487 


495 


488 


534 


504 


483 


400 


Apr. G . . | 


470 


467 


464 


4i:4 


465 


457 


4G8 


471 


480 


489 


563 


490 


485 


472 482 


495 


486 


493 


500 


500 


498 


492 


479 


479 


467 


403 


466 


400 


401 


452 


475 


474 


472 


490 


529 


485 


484 


468 487 


483 


489 


41)5 


504 


506 


495 


491 


479 


479 


Moan 


468 


465 


405 


462 


403 


454 


472 


472 


470 


490 


546 


488 


484 


470 1484 


489 


488 


494 


502 


503 


490 


492 


479 


479 


Apr. 7..{ 


476 


473 


469 


472 


475 


476 


481 


484 


483 


482 


483 


482 


473 


486 483 


490 


490 


489 


410 


490 


493 


488 


486 


484 


474 


471 


470 


471 


472 


477 


479 


479 


490 


4S9 


478 


489 


488 


481 J487 


484 


484 


488 


490 


492 


493 


491 


487 


486 


Mean.-. 


475 


472 


470 


472 


474 


476 


480 


482 


486 


486 


480 


48G 


480 


484 485 


487 


487 


488 


490 


491 


493 


490 


486 


485 


c 


400 


478 


408 


4G4 1465 


463 


4G8 


478 


476 


484 


478 


475 


479 


495 485 


488 


544 


492 


527 


520 


511 


490 


482 


485 


Apr. 8.." 492 


481 


468 


4G4 465 


4G6 


472 


472 


482 


482 


478: 


462 


470 


500 488 


491 


540 


486 


548 


525 


512 


492 


479 


484 


Mean..-. 491 


480 


468 


464 |4G5 


464 


470 


475 


479 


483 


478c 


4086 


478a 


498 ! 486 


490 


542 


489 


538 


522 


512 


491 


480 


484 


Apr. 9-.{i«° 


465 


470 


■166 474 


473 


475 


474 


478 


477 


458 


485 


502 


4S9 


533 


485 


480 


500 


493 


499 


480 


489 


492 


476 


404 


469 


466 


473 


474 


474 


475 


481 


478 


455 


470 


496 


493 


515 


486 


479 


501 


496 


490 


484 


490 


491 


476 


Mean.--|406 


464 


470 


466 


474 


474 


474 


474 


480 


478 


45G6 


4786 


499a 


491 


524 


486 


480 


500 


494 


498 


482 


490 


492 


476 


a m J*78 
Apr. 10.-^ ;478 


474 


471 


471 


409 


475 


475 


476 


479 


477 


479 


482 


481 


434 


477 


486 


492 


481 


496 


493 


488 


493 


487 


476 


474 


475 


471 


469 


474 


474 


475 


479 


478 


479 


481 


479 


428 


474 


486 


494 


479 


496 


492 


488 


491 


495 


468 


Mean .... |478 


474 


473 


471 


4G9 


474 


474 


476 


479 


478 


479 


482 


480 


431 


476 


486 


493 


480 


490 


492 


488 


492 


491 


472 


Apr. 11 -{^f 


471 


465 


461 


478 


466 


454 


480 


477 


455 


470 


504 


4?8 


486 


480 


476 


489 


493 


501 


496 


502 


488 


486 


484 


471 


465 


4G0 


474 


465 


455 


479 


492 


471 


403 


507 


482 


483 


476 


482 


488 


491 


500 


499 


500 


489 


485 


483 


Mean J474 


471 


465 


4 GO 


476 


4C6 


454 


480 


484 


4G3 


466 


506 


485 


484 


478 


479 


488 


492 


500 


498 


501 


488 


486 


484 


a no 5*82 
Apr. 12- "i^ 


476 


472 


475 


470 


479 


476 


480 


483 


477 


472 


458 


405 


455 


495 


507 


484 


494 


519 


522 


491 


490 


482 


470 


474 


472 


474 


470 


478 


475 


481 


487 


479 


£82 


465 


384 


481 


490 


499 


484 


494 


520 


521 


493 


489 


490 


470 


Mean.--.j482 


475 


472 


474 


470 


478 


476 


480 


485 


478 


477 


462 


394 


468 


492 


503 


484 


494 


520 


522 


492 


490 


486 


470 


a 1 q 5 480 

Apr. 13-- 1 47g 


472 


472 


472 


473 


474 


4i6 


475 


467 


475 


468 


464 


405 


472 


504 


509 


497 


496 


491 


570 


487 


473 


482 


478 


471 


471 


473 


472 


474 


476 


475 


467 


476 


469 


470 


475 


479 


495 


510 


494 


496 


491 


592 


472 


471 


486 


478 


Mean — :479 


472 


472 


472 


472 


474 


476 


475 


467 


476 


408(2 


4676 


470 


476 


500 


512 


496 


496 


491 


581 


480 


472 


484 


478 


a 1 . 5 '408 
Apr. 14 - J 470 


466 


469 


463 


470 


470 


472 


478 


476 


484 


471 


472 


477 


476 


479 


488 


185 


496 


483 


490 


489 


486 


482 


481 


467 


468 


461 


470 


470 


472 


477 


481 


480 


472 


469 


478 


488 


4S1 


482 


487 


496 


493 


488 


487 


484 


486 


481 


Mean '469 


466 


468 


462 


470 


470 


472 


478 


478 


482 


472 


470 


478 


4S2 


480 


485 


4S6 


496 


493 


489 


488 


485 


484 


481 


a i- S 473 
Apr. 15- j, 475 


473 


472 


473 


474 


473 


472 


479 


478 


474 


471 


470 


497 


478 


472 


490 


495 


524 


492 


490 


482 


486 


478 


489 


Mean 474 


473 


472 


473 


474 


473 


472 


479 


478 


474 


471 


470 


497 


478 


472 


490 


495 


524 


492 


490 


4S2 


486 


478 


489 


. , 1r ( 480 


475 


471 


461 


461 


402 


474 


471 


467 


4G6 


479 


4C8 


541 


485 


496 


501 


499 


499 


492 


496 


504 


499 


471 


472 


Apr. 16 — < 




473 


470 


460 460 


463 


473 


478 


475 


473 


478 


462 


545 


484 


475 


498 


494 


501 


494 


490 


511 


501 


475 


472 


Mean — 


480 


474 


470 


460 


460 


462 


474 


474 


471 


470 


478 


465 


543 


484 


486 


500 


496 


500 


493 


493 


508 


500 


473 


472* 


Apr. 17- { 


474 


474 


474 


477 


462 


461 


470 


473 


4C8 


481 


481 


478 


476 


475 


492 


493 


487 


498 


495 


499 


496 


492 


484 


481 


472 


474 


474 


478 


401 


461 


468 


473 


470 


489 


490 


472 


473 


484 


480 


477 


491 


498 


494 


497 


490 


488 


487 


484 


Mean---. 


473 


474 


474 


478 


462 


461 


469 


473 


469 


485 


486 


475 


474 


4S0 


489 


485 


489 


498 


494 


498 


493 


490 


486 


482 


Apr. 18- | 


475 


470 


469 


468 


471 


475 


474 


475 


488 


407 


471 


467 


470 


471 


467 


503 


507 


541 


522 


526 


489 


492 


498 


493 


475 


470 


409 


409 


469 


475 


474 


473 


479 


405 


454 


469 


463 


475 


456 


497 


522 


528 


522 


529 


483 


491 


500 


5U4 


Mean 


475 


470 


409 


408 


470 


475 


474 


474 


484 


460 


462 


468 


466 


473 


462 


500 


514 


534 


522 


528 


486 


492 


499 


498 


Apr. 19.. [ 


460 


472 


472 


454 


441 


474 


467 


415 


424 


438 


457 


455 


518 


438 


481 


476 


478 


494 


484 


577 


542 


541 


547 


494 


468 


470 


468 


454 


443 


474 


463 


410 


426 


435 


456 


462 


503 


431 


488 


478 


491 


489 


488 


576 


537 


567 


022 


492 


Mean — 


464 


471 


470 


454 


442 


474 


405 


412 


425 


430 


456 


458 


510 


434 


484 


477 


484 


492 


480 


576 


'40 


554 


584 


493 


Apr. 20- | 


492 


498 


450 


452 


468 


470 


451 


459 


455 


448 


516 


485 


485 


492 


538 


409 


504 


531 


589 


5:8 


450 


498 


4G0 


459 


498 


490 


457 


476 


470 


459 


462 


454 


462 


450 


488 


465 


484 


495 


529 


467 


510 


540 


500 


580 


443 


504 


403 


459 


Mean 


4f5 


494 


454 


464 469 


4G4 


456 


456 


458 


449 


502 


475 


484 


494 


534 


468 


507 


536 


574 


554 


446 


501 


462 


459 


Apr. 21- | 


478 


483 


474 


472 


470 


471 


477 


474 


47G 


479 


470 


480 


482 


4G4 478 


484 


488 


486 


477 


488 


490 


489 


480 


481 


476 


483 


475 


471 


471 


470 


478 


474 


477 


470 


472 


485 


479 


471 


476 


483 


486 


487 


491 


486 


491 


487 


482 


481 


Mean 


477 


483 


474 


472 


470 


470 


478 


474 


476 


478 


471 


482 


480 


4C8 


477 


484 


487 


48'6 


484 


487 
492 


490 


488 


481 


481 


Apr. 22 -£ 


480 


4G5 


480 


471 


478 


479 


476 


479 


474 


481 


476 


476 


475 


481 


482 


480 


481 


477 


•508 


487 


498 


499 


479 


480 


466 


470 


470 


478 


479 


476 


478 


479 


477 


486 


480 


476 


478 


483 


478 


482 


474 


501 


490 


488 


496 


498 


479 


Mean 


480 


466 


475 


470 


478 


479 


476 


478 


476 


479 


481 


478 


470 


480 


482 


482 


482 


476 


504 


491 


488 


497 


498 


479 


Apr. 23 -.. 1 


475 


484 


408 


472* 


467 


470 


474 


476 


475 


481 


478 


478 


473 


474 


478 


488 


502 


486 


493 


487 


488 


511 


484 


484 


477 


484 


408 


472 


469 


470 


474 


475 


484 


481 


478 


470 


405 


483 


482 


492 


501 


489 


493 


488 


486 


509 


483 


487 


Mean .... 1476 


484 


468 


472 


468 


470 


474 


476 


480 


481 


478 


474 


469 


478 


480 


490 


502 


488 


493 


488 


487 


510 


484 


486 


Apr. 24 ..{;«* 


473 


471 


4G9 


4G8 


409 


471 


472 


474 


476 


473 


476 


478 


470 475 


481 


492 


577 


449 


550 


601 


503 


650 


490 


474 


471 


469 


408 


469 


471 


473 


476 


474 


483 


483 


476 


492 


471 


475 


495 


570 


427 


561 


580 


530 


655 


476 


1 Mean 474 


474 


471 


409 


4G8 


469 


471 


472 


475 


475 


47*8 


480 


477 


481 


473 


478 


494 


574 


438 


556 


590 


546 


652 


483 


Apr. 25 ..{H 


485 


496 


440 482 


444 


418 


488 


456 


467 


457 


438 


409 


402 


458 


407 


479 


471 


522 


462 


480 


484 


513 


492 


481 


500 


428 


481 


454 


424 


481 


450 


472 


458 


444 


40G 


435 


491 


467 


483 


473 


522 


511 


492 


478 


482 


491 


Mean 


474 


483 


498 


434 


482 


419 


421 


484 


453 


470 


458 


441 


408 


418 


474 


4G7 


481 


472 


522 


486 


486 


481 


498 


492 


Apr. 26- £ 


435 


464 


470 


4G2 


454 


454 


525 


463 


471 


497 


498 


479 


483 


467 


490 


472 


497 


492 


517 


553 


562 


478 


470 


478 


450 


463 


467 


462 


448 


446 


503 


463 


476 


428 


477 


4S1 


470 


474 


477 


481 


496 


496 


523 


502 


523 


476 


461 


482 


Moan 


442 


464 


468 


4G2 


451 


450 


514 


463 


474 


402 


488 


480 


470 


470 


484 


476 


496 


494 


520 


528 


542 


477 


4C6 


480 


Apr. 27 . . $ 


400 


478 


460 


4G9 458 


450 


483 


48G 


490 


480 


483 


465 


510 


495 


497 


506 


493 


487 


522 


515 


492 


527 


507 


492 


468 


503 


458 


463 460 


456 


479 


477 


498 


498 


498 


469 


443 


498 


502 


489 


479 


489 


532 


509 


491 


486 


506 


490 


Mean 


404 


490 


459 


466 


459 


453 


481 


482 


494 


492 


490 


467 


476 


496 


500 


498 


486 


188 


527 


512 


492 


500 


506 


491 


Apr. 28.. | 


483 


482 


482 


469 


4G0 


408 


459 


542 


503 


475 


480 


465 


485 


481 


488 


495 


501 


509 


509 


519 


505 


477 


473 


474 


476 


499 


490 


471 


459 


467 


461 


531 


496 


470 


484 


470 


492 


476 


494 


493 


498 


509 


511 


517 


507 


474 


473 


476 


Mean 


480 


486 


480 


470 


4G0 


468 


460 


536 


500 


47G 


432 


468 


4S8 


478 


491 


494 


500 


509 


510 


518 


506 


476 


473 


475 


Apr. 29- | 


479 


471 


470 


469 


469 


472 


473 


475 


469 


466 


471 


489 


4S7 


471 


488 


403 


503 


516 


504 


504 


531 


482 


468 


472 


480 


470 


470 


466 


470 


471 


473 


473 


470 


4G0 


468 


472 


474 


4G9 


493 


470 


493 


512 


510 


567 


533 


483 


466 


473 


Mean . . . 


480 


470 


470 


468 


470 


472 


473 


474 


470 


4G3 


470 


480 


480 


470 


490 


4C6 


498 


514 


507 


506 


532 


482 


467 


472 


Apr. 30 . . £ 


404 


461 


476 


485 


462 


460 


466 


400 


476 


470 


468 


463 


472 


501 


480 


470 


484 


498 


■01 


554 


539 


534 


486 


418 


J 65 


465 


474 


479 


460 


463 


4G9 


462 


480 


479 


471 


456 


477 


471 


470 


402 


485 


513 


506 


582 


585 


508 


498 


418 


Moan 


464 


463 


475 


482 


40 1 


462 


468 


4G1 


478 


478 


470 


400 


474 
476. G 


486 


478 


466 


484 
494.7 


506 
503. 9 


504 
500.8 


568 
514.4 


562 
500.6 


521 

495.7 


492 
492. 6 


418 


Moans . . 


474.8 


473.1 


471. 2 


407. 2'407. 


4G7. 6!471. 7 

1 


474.3 


472.8 


471. 6 


470.4 


472.3 


479.2 


487.7 


4S5. 8 


479.0 



Monthly mean, 482.: 



' Observation taken 9 m lale. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



475 



Ilottrly readings of the Broolce declinometer, Uglaanlie, Alaska, May, 1SS3. 



Date. 


0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


6 h 


G" 


7" 


S' 


0" 


10" 


11" 


1 
Noon. 

I 


13 11 


14" i 15" 


10" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23" 


Hay 1.. 


■{ 


450 
■158 
457 


406 


170 


404 


152 


465 


452 


452 


442 


182 


153 


475 


459 


459 


475 '480 


477 


492 


558 

1 


521 


523 


488 


192 


472 


Mean . 


466 


470 


404 


152 


465 


452 


452 


442 


482 


453 


475 


459 


459 


475 |480 


477 


402 


55 P. 


521 


523 


488 


492 


472 


May 2 . . 


■{ 


403 


404 


475 


400 


142 


463 


470 


401 


407 


140 


440 


140 


457 


412 


470 523 


170 


195 


503 ' 


431 


528 


520 


482 


408 




407 


470 


401 


468 


409 


409 


468 


402 


430 


432 


448 


449 


397 


502 !503 


472 


498 [506 


193 


539 


548 


478 


4E0 


Mean . 




463" 


4G0 


472 


460 


455 


400 


472 


464, 

473 


404 


435 


436 


417 


453 


1:0 1489 '513 


471 


490 1504 


192 


534 


519 


480 


101 




"i 


475 


m 


472 


107 


468 


4G2 


4G8 


479 


471 


471 


452 


1-8 


529 


405 ;187 


188 


491 500 


500 


501 


491 


184 


478 


May 3 -•- 


470 


408 


471 


460 


408 


4G7 


460 


470 


482 


4G3 


466 


464 


471 


507 


480 i480 


490 


403 !504 


501 


480 


192 


481 


479 


Mean . 




470 


471 


472 


400 


408 


404 


408 


472 


480 


407 


468 


458 


480 


518 


472 484 


489 


494 502 


500 


I'.il 


192 


482 


478 




"i 


476 


400 


470 


470 


400 


408 


470 


477 


180 


104 


475 


438 


407 


4G0 495 j487 


491 


493 509 


514 


508 


4S2 


179 


108 


May 4 .. 


475 


405 


471 


471 


154 


409 


•472 


478 


483 


470 


171 


450 


405 


4G8 !480 


484 


191 


500 509 


510 


509 


480 


478 


400 


Mean . 




476 


400 


470 


470 


457 


408 


471 


478 


182 


407 


473 


144 


406 


104 1488 


186 


491 


139 529 


515 


508 


481 


478 


407 


May 5 . . 


'-\ 


408 


474 


467 


471 


458 


4G9 


473 


459 


483 


480 


478 


479 


475 


(70 484 


505 


491 


196 531 


513 


562 


474 


409 


4G1 


471 


474 


4G6 


409 


459 


407 


472 


400 


483 


479 


478 


478 


475 


474 '485 


198 


497 


196 


531 


501 


507 


471 


475 


403 


Mean . 




470 


474 


406 


470 


458 


408 


472 


400 


483 


480 


478 


478 


475 


175 !4?4 


502 


194 


496 


531 


5C7 


504 


472 


472 


404 


May G . . 


'■] 


460 


405 


468 


470 


402 


451 


45G 


472 


480 


454 


474 


472 


400 


465 474 


479 


495 


189 


193 


512 


486 


472 


180 


440 


450 


401 


406 


470 


403 


450 


457 


470 


474 


453 


178 


108 


457 


483 


490 


472 


498 


487 


199 


513 


489 


470 


433 


440 


Mean . 




455 


403 


467 


470 


402 


450 


456 


471 


177 


454 


476 


470 


458 


464 


485 


476 


490 


488 


496 


512 


488 


474 


490 


440 


May 7 . . 


"i 


460 


453 


456 


463 


4G8 


453 


470 


473 


412 


470 


475 


441 


482 


499 


408 


474 


474 


193 


484 


5J5 


490 


191 


101 


401 


458 


451 


458 


409 


466 


455 


469 


475 


414 


473 


483 


438 


491 


454 


173 


173 


475 


483 


483 


522 


487 


490 


408 


402 


Mean . 




459 


452 


457 


400 


467 


454 


470 


474 


413 


472 


179 


440 


48C 


476 


470 


474 


471 


488 


484 


524 


488 


490 


4C6 


402 


May 8 . . 


'{ 


406 


401 


458 


466 


467 


470 


472 


403 


472 


471 


469 


409 


443 


4S1 


466 


485 


493 


493 


470 


182 


500 


497 


490 


478 


463 


402 


460 


466 


466 


470 


474 


4C4 


472 !473 


4G5 


472 


450 


478 


4C9 


482 


495 


4S9 


476 


486 


503 


499 


483 


477 


Mean . 




464 


402 


459 


4C6 


466 


470 


473 


404 


472 472 


407 


470 


416 


480 


468 


484 


490 


491 


476 


184 


502 


498 


48G 


478 


May 9 - . 


"i 


440 


455 


408 


404 


404 


465 


4G9 


470 


470 472 


467 


405 


444 


475 


470 


480 


494 


480 


507 


506 


493 


474 


4G7 


475 


437 


453 


460 


160 


405 


4G5 


407 


470 


470 475 


468 


408 


4 42 


407 


468 


479 


497 


481 


509 


500 


490 


472 


469 


474 


Mean . 




442 


454 


404 


402 


464 


405 


408 


470 


470 1474 


468 


406 


443 


471 


469 


480 


496 


480 


508 


503 


192 


473 


468 


474 


May 10 . 


< 


470 


400 


468 


167 


460 


473 


108 


472 


472 i470 


473 


4G6 


470 


174 


480 


478 


483 


489 


499 


500 


500 


487 


402 


474 


■\ 


475 


470 


409 


407 


439 


470 


4GG 


473 


470 1473 


173 


468 


465 


472 


477 


477 


484 


487 


500 


499 


498 


478 


400 


475 


Mean . 




472 


408 


408 


107 


460 


472 


407 


472 


474 


472 


473 


467 


468 


473 


478 


478 


184 


488 


5U0 


500 


499 


482 


4G1 


474 


May 11 - 


"{ 


401 


J 07 


471 


467 


458 


4G2 


407 


408 


408 


471 


470 


455 


457 


453 


475 


470 


183 


496 


487 


180 


482 


479 


480 


473 


460 


400 


471 


470 


460 


4G2 


408 


408 


470 


431 


472 


156 


461 


4G5 


470 


472 


481 


495 


489 


478 


482 


480 


479 


474 


Mean . 




400 


458 


471 


468 


459 


462 


408 


468 


409 


476 


471 


456 


159 


459 


472 


471 


4«2 


196 


188 


179 


482 


480 


480 


474 


May 12 . 


"i 


474 


454 


462 


456 


459 


465 


407 


452 


467 


409 


475 


458 


470 


474 


470 


478 


480 


496 


496 


486 


476 


479 


481 


4G2 


474 


400 


461 


455 


461 


461 


465 


455 


468 


470 


472 


45G 


407 


474 


474 


482 


481 


495 


495 


186 


475 


480 


480 


404 


Mean . 




474 


157 


402 


456 


400 


463 


466 


454 


468 


470 


474 


157 


468 


474 


472 


480 


480 


496 


496 


186 


470 


480 


480 


463 


May 13 - 


■{ 


404 


401 


468 


464 


470 


463 


470 


469 


470 


477 


464 


174 


472 


478 


4G5 


4CG 


478 


504 


S22 


199 


482 


488 


476 


467 


401 


468 


409 


466 


470 


466 


470 


468 


407 


478 


465 


470 


475 


180 


459 


4 


480 


503 


510 


497 


484 


191 


#77 


468 


Mean . 




402 


164 


468 


485 


470 


464 


470 


468 


468 


478 


464 


472 


474 


479 


462 


463 


479 


504 


531 


498 


483 


190 


476 


468 


May 14 . 


V 


466 


400 


473 


456 


451 


443 


443 


161 


475 


477 


455 


441 


480 


481 


490 


483 


493 


490 


196 


186 


470 


476 


470 


463 


■\ 


406 


402 


474 


458 


451 


41S 


432 


4S4 


180 


473 


456 


455 


481 


475 


494 


487 


492 


490 


497 


185 


468 


178 


409 


465 


Mean . 




466 


461 


474 


457 


451 


444 


438 


472 


478 


475 


456 


448 


480 


478 


192 


485 


492 


190 


496 


486 


469 


477 


470 


464 


May 15 . 


'■{ 


462 
461 
462 


463 


403 




466 


466 


465 


470 


467 


467 


483 


465 


451 


459 


482 


481 


481 


498 


495 


514 


509 


488 


461 


466 


470 


Mean . 


463 


403 


466 


466 


465 


470 


467 


467 |483 


465 


451 


459 


482 


481 


481 


498 


495 


514 


509 


488 


161 


466 


470 


May 16 . 


"{ 


467 


468 


407 


470 


459 


407 


406 


455 


435 ,475 


418 


405 


478 


550 


450 


495 


516 


514 


503 


491 


470 


466 


472 


468 




400 


465 


471 


467 


404 


405 


451 


432 474 


420 


408 


482 


565 


451 


500 


502 


517 


494 


498 


471 


468 


470 


468 


"Mean . 




467 


467 


466 


470 


463 


400 


460 


453 


434 474 


419 


400 


480 


558 


450 


498 


509 


516 


498 


494 


470 


467 


471 


468 


May 17 - 


-i 


470 


409 


468 


474 


470 


409 


470 


474 


468 452 


459 


461 


476 


490 


485 


490 


480 


529 


190 


510 


514 


451 


467 


465 


470 


472 


465 


474 


471 


468 


470 


476 


470 453 


458 


472 


471 


488 


491 


490 


470 


531 


195 


514 


515 


157 


468 


465 


Mean . 




470 


470 


466 


474 


470 


468 


470 


475 


469 452 


458 


466 


474 


489 


488 


493 


478 


530 


192 


512 


514 


454 


168 


465 


May 18 . 


'■{ 


480 


491 


456 


401 


4G9 


472 


475 


405 


472 472 


176 


405 


462 


448 


4G2 


472 


470 


502 


197 


484 


478 


478 


477 


167 


481 


490 


452 


407 


468 


475 


477 


462 


474 472 


471 


464 


464 


455 


4G4 


470 


479 


502 


494 


480 


479 


476 


475 


464 


Mean . 




480 


490 


454 


404 


463 


474 


476 


464 


473 472 


474 


464 


463 


452 


463 


471 


478 


502 


196 


482 


478 


477 


47G 


466 


May 19 . 


'-{ 


472 


493 


466 


408 


472 


473 


458 


461 


480 480 


473 


450 


454 


486 


195 


476 


408 


491 


516 


529 


470 


459 


473 


484 


472 


496 


467 


409 


472 


474 


460 


486 


486 483 


460 


412 


469 


472 


499 


472 


474 


493 


525 


518 


463 


457 


471 


488 


Mean . 




472 


494 


166 


408 


472 


•174 


459 


474 


486 1482 


400 


446 


462 


479 


497 


474 


171 


492 


520 


524 


466 


458 


472 


486 


May 20 . 


'■'{ 


472 


483 


469 


402 


469 


470 


471 


484 


475 477 


477 


480 


467 


406 


488 


482 


487 


516 


516 


590 


650 


518 


476 


458 


472 


478 


470 


402 


473 


476 


474 


484 


478 484 


476 


473 


471 


459 


500 


485 


489 


516 


516 


542 


675 


525 


180 


455 


Mean . 




472 


480 


470 


402 


471 


4-76 


472 


484 


476 470 


476 


476 


469 


462 


494 


484 


488 


516 


516 


566 


662 


522 


478 


456 


May 21 . 


■\ 


478 


507 


500 


451 


444 


495 


415 


41G 


378 525 


438 


450 


381 


465 


483 


480 


59G 


557 


530 


494 


507 


552 


579 


460 


481 


507 


511 


453 


435 


491 


412 


433 


395 194 


414 


443 


430 


409 


478 


491 


610 


524 


517 


499 


500 


533 


616 


457 


Mean . 




480 


507 


506 


452 


440 


493 


414 


424 


386 510 


426 


446 


406 


467 


480 


486 


603 


540 


524 


496 


504 


542 


598 


458 


May 22 . 


■i 


467 


540 


463 


407 


405 


410 


486 


454 


466 422 


485 


450 


475 


462 


551 


489 


488 


506 


523 


532 


471 


501 


470 


493 


479 


554 


458 


468 


464 


424 


492 


436 


472 435 


486 


402 


463 


454 


546 


494 


500 


503 


519 


527 


475 


497 


4G8 


494 


Mean . 




473 


547 


460 


408 


464 


417 


489 


445 


469 428 


486 


426 


469 


458 


548 


492 


494 


504 


521 


530 


473 


499 


4G9 


494 


May 23 . 


■\ 


455 


492 


453 


472 


472 


451 


456 


441 


445 453 


417 


472 


483 


495 


469 


478 


490 


522 


485 


479 


483 


182 


471 


475 


455 


498 


439 


402 


471 


448 


458 


451 


450 '471 


410 


467 


485 


496 


473 


474 


485 


520 


489 


480 


481 


483 


472 


475 


Mean . 




455 


495 


446 


407 


472 


450 


457 


446 


448 '462 


414 


470 


484 


496 


471 


476 


488 


521 


487 


480 


482 


482 


472 


475 


May 24 . 


1 


483 


409 


461 


405 


466 


408 


475 


472 


468 '465 


468 


459 


450 


465 


475 


484 


497 


506 


556 


542 


497 


482 


4G8 


464 


481 


461 


402 


405 


466 


407 


475 


470 


476 1171 


474 


458 


455 


472 


504 


490 


507 


499 


527 


534 


499 


480 


470 


463 


Mean . 




482 


460 


462 


405 


466 


468 


475 


471 


472 468 


471 


458 


452 


468 


199 


487 


502 


502 


542 


538 


498 


484 


469 


464 


May 25 . 


•'{ 


461 


457 


452 


455 


460 


466 


468 


477 


482 [480 


472 


481 


402 


466 


183 


499 


500 


490 


495 


502 


504 


479 


482 


474 


4G1 


459 


454 


455 


459 


467 


471 


405 


490 


173 


472 


453 


460 


467 


481 


497 


494 


490 


494 


501 


502 


478 


484 


470 


Mean . 




461 


458 


453 


455 


400 


4GG 


470 


471 


480 


476 


472 


407 


401 


466 


482 


198 


497 


490 


494 


502 


503 


478 


483 


472 


May 26 . 


-"{ 


456 


452 


478 


454 


450 


458 - 


473 


474 


150 


478 


462 


459 


464 


439 


486 


506 


510 


528 


514 


536 


544 


459 


464 


470 


400 


452 


481 


454 


451 


451 


472 


478 


444 


473 


456 


403 


448 


446 


484 


500 


511 


532 510 


552 


547 


464 


465 


472 


Mean . 




458 


452 


480 


454 


450 


456 


472 


476 


447 


476 


459 


461 


456 


412 


485 


503 


514 


530 


512 


544 


540 


4C2 


464 


471 


May 27 . 


-i 


454 


404 


477 


407 


403 


468 


458 


480 


475 


467 


487 


432 


471 


443 


496 


475 


484 


491 


491 


481 


488 


508 


501 


160 


453 


462 


479 


470 


404 


466 


456 


477 


485 


448 


417 


453 


478 


435 


480 


480 


482 


491 


490 


484 


490 


502 


498 


405 


Mean. 




454 


403 


478 


468 


464 


407 


457 


478 


480 


458 


452 


442 


474 


439 


488 


478 


483 


491 


490 


482 


■^89 


505 


500 


462 


May 28 . 


"i 


468 


400 


406 


459 


461 


4G0 


470 


469 


450 


470 


463 


458 


455 


474 


407 


481 


409 


640 


567 


470 


479 


468 


490 


472 


X 


403 


451 


402 


458 


461 


458 


470 


473 


453 


4G0 


460 


463 


487 


482 


475 


481 


471 


566 


570 


473 


478 


463 


487 


4G8 


Mean. 




466 


456 


464 


458 


461 


459 


470 


471 


454 


468 


462 


460 


471 


478 


471 


481 


470 


603 


568 


472 


478 


467 


488 


470 


May 29 . 


'■'{ 


448 


461 


471 


459 


470 


430 


402 


463 


108 


460 


391 


475 


470 


463 


454 


481 


490 


493 


487 


496 


482 


481 


490 


480 


448 


462 


470 


400 


404 


483 


4G2 


454 


406 


465 


476 


478 


473 


459 


407 


486 


510 


494 


488 


493 


484 


482 


491 


480 


Mean . 




448 


462 


470 


400 


407 


482 


402 


458 


467 


462 


434 


476 


472 


461 


400 


484 


503 


494 


488 


494 


483 


482 


490 


480 


May 30 . 


"i 


460 


468 


4G8 


406 


472 


462 


478 


481 


473 


465 


479 


461 


478 


446 


475 


490 


493 


512 


514 


500 


485 


482 


489 


465 


400 


470 


408 


466 


470 


460 


477 


480 


473 


466 


483 


462 


481 


453 


479 


493 


488 


501 


516 


506 


487 


483 


486 


459 


Moan . 




460 


469 


408 


466 


471 


461 


478 


480 


473 


466 


481 


402 


480 


450 


477 


492 


4O0 


506 J515 


503 


486 


482 


488 


462 


May 31 . 


"i 


453 


472 


461 


463 


402 


467 


441 


407 


486 


477 


478 


466 


384 


162 


462 


498 


503 


515 527 


499 


504 


476 


469 


469 


453 


472 


460 


403 


402 


4( : 8 


430 


473 


480 


475 


476 


461 


410 


455 


465 


498 |507 


509 !527 


500 


502 


474 


473 


468 


Mean . 




453 
465.0 


472 
470.7 


400 
400. 8 


463 

464.1 


402 
462.5 


468 
404.0 


436 


470 
408.0 


483 


476 


477 


464 


397 


158 


464 


498 505 


512 


|527 

509. 1 

1 


500 


503 


475 


471 


468 


Means . . 


464.6 


461.8 


469.6 


462.2 


459.6 


462.7 


470.8 


479. 5 


484. 9 AQ) f 


501.6 


504.4 


500. t 


483. 6 


480.8 


468. 9 






i 





Monthly mean, 476.0 



476 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broolce declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, June, 1883. 



Date. 


0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4' 


5" 


G b 


71 


8>> 


W 


10" 


n b 


Noon. 


13 b 


H" 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


ia>> 


20 1 ' 


21 k 


22" 


23" 


June 1 . 


\ 


466 
468 
467 


460 


465 


459 


459 


459 


473 


485 


485 


474 


464 


447 


446 


462 


483 


476 


517 


519 


499 


527 


555 


525 


473 


465 


Mean - 


460 


465 


459 


459 


459 


473 


485 


485 


474 


464 


447 


446 


462 


483 


476 


517 


519 


499 


527 


555 


525 


473 


465 


Juno 2 . 


■\ 


459 


461 


461 


460 


460 


443 


454 


458 


472 


398 


497 


423 


455 


436 


469 


437 


432 


513 


540 


501 


589 


460 


546 


519 




462 


457 


461 


465 


445 


446 


466 


483 


408 


498 


441 


454 


442 


482 


430 


433 


500 


547 


564 


580 


437 


554 


513 


Mean - 


...1459 


462 


459 


460 


462 


444 


450 


462- 


478 


403 


498 


432 


454 


439 


470 
473 


434 


432 


506 


540 


562 


584 


448 


550 


516 


June 3 . 


C 487 


439 


469 


455 


450 


466 


401 


473 


413 


428 


424 


472 


482 


461 


482 


467 


552 


510 


487 


492 


488 


505 


437 


\ 


507 


458 


470 


460 


449 


467 


401 


475 


411 


422 


405 


467 


475 


466 


479 


4S1 


405 


547 


501 


483 


503 


490 


492 


442 


Mean. 




497 


448 


470 


458 


450 


466 


461 


474 


412 


425 


414 


470 


478 


464 


476 


482 


400 


550 


500 


485 


498 


489 


498 


440 


June 4 . 


■{ 


458 


468 


465 


457 


474 


459 


470 


474 


474 


470 


409 


465 


471 


454 


450 


481 


503 


495 


480 


491 


498 


494 


473 


473 


460 


470 


465 


460 


409 


401 


470 


472 


489 


479 


475 


462 


467 


469 


453 


481 


507 


497 


481 


488 


499 


488 


471 


474 


Mean . 




462 


469 


465 


458 


472 


460 


470 


473 


482 


474 


472 


464 


469 


462 


452 


481 


505 


496 


480 


4G0 


498 


491 


472 


474 


Juno 5 . 


■\ 


463 


464 


463 


470 


463 


470 


471 


470 


474 


470 


481 


488 


462 


472 


471 


484 


483 


485 


493 


480 


485 


486 


468 


463 


465 


465 


403 


472 


466 


473 


471 


480 


474 


474 


473 


476 


468 


466 


480 


480 


483 


485 


493 


487 


484 


485 


406 


468 


Mean. 




464 


464 


463 


471 


464 


472 


471 


475 


474 


472 


477 


482 


465 


469 


476 


485 


4S3 


485 


493 


486 


484 


486 


467 


466 


June 6 . 


"{ 


462 


460 


460 


456 


451 


474 


464 


476 


450 


462 


312 


479 


411 


433 


450 


470 


543 


490 


593 


536 


584 


578 


464 


458 


460 


467 


463 


454 


458 


475 


470 


481 


461 


407 


270 


473 


417 


437 


456 


488 


529 


497 


615 


539 


572 


512 


469 


470 


Mean. 




461 


464 


462 


455 


454 


474 


407 


478 


458 


464 


291 


476 


414 


435 


453 


479 


536 


494 


604 


538 


578 


515 


466 


464 


Juno 7 . 


\ 


463 


474 


470 


468 


464 


452 


400 


475 


418 


476 


485 


488 


464 


482 


470 


407 


487 


495 


510 


498 


512 


476 


479 


472 


459 


478 


465 


466 


465 


448 


462 


463 


466 


478 


468 


475 


467 


476 


477 


404 


489 


41)6 


528 


499 


508 


474 


480 


471 


Mean. 




461 


476 


468 


467 


464 


450 


401 


469 


442 


477 


476 


482 


460 


479 


474 


466 


488 


496 


517 


498 


510 


475 


480 


472 


Juno 8 . 


-{ 


460 


451 


471 


457 


460 


467 


454 


462 


462 


474 


461 


456 


449 


488 


490 


489 


509 


557 


530 


543 


508 


488 


457 


468 


462 


454 


469 


458 


460 


465 


458 


470 


474 


470 


460 


458 


453 


517 


484 


486 


514 


503 


531 


539 


490 


486 


459 


471 


Mean . 




461 


452 


470 


458 


400 


466 


450 


4G6 


468 


472 


460 


457 


451 


502 


487 


488 


512 


500 


534 


541 


502 


487 


458 


470 


June 9 . 


"{ 


464 


468 


448 


453 


463 


443 


402 


460 


457 


423 


411 


454 


447 


402 


480 


450 


493 


506 


529 


530 


519 


482 


488 


465 


461 


468 


449 


455 


466 


440 


468 


400 


462 


424 


417 


451 


452 


467 


524 


478 


495 


501 


524 


522 


521 


483 


489 


465 


Mean . 




462 


468 


448 


454 


464 


442 


465 


400 


460 


424 


414 


452 


450 


464 


502 


467 


49-1 


504 


520 


526 


520 


482 


488 


465 


June 10 . 


"{ 


447 


475 


462 


461 


468 


467 


470 


476 


473 


474 


469 


466 


482 


471 


454 


484 


473 


513 


517 


504 


488 


492 


485 


491 


445 


473 


464 


461 


468 


468 


470 


481 


471 


470 


466 


463 


481 


466 


459 


475 


470 


514 


525 


502 


481 


4S8 


482 


490 


Mean . 




446 


474 


463 


461 


468 


468 


470 


478 


472 


472 


468 


464 


482 


468 


450 


480 


472 


514 


521 


503 


484 


490 


484 


490 


June 11 . 


•{ 


441 


458 


459 


456 


458 


457 


450 


408 


492 


465 


454 


483 


468 


482 


480 


475 


491 


517 


505 


484 


477 


474 


472 


473 


460 


463 


460 


456 


459 


458 


453 


409 


483 


460 


457 


492 


464 


487 


482 


471 


490 


519 


501 


481 


478 


472 


470 


470 


Mean . 




450 


460 


460 


456 


458 


458 


454 


408 


4SS 


462 


456 


488 


466 


484 


4S4 


473 


490 


518 


503 


482 


478 


473 


471 


472 


June 12 . 


•I 


476 


467 


460 


463 


463 


468 


473 


462 


475 


478 


459 


474 


472 


450 


443 


492 


494 


511 


474 


478 


492 


483 


482 


460 


476 


466 


460 


465 


462 


468 


478 


461 


475 


477 


455 


475 


481 


446 


435 


492 


494 


511 


474 


479 


490 


484 


481 


459 


Mean . 




476 


466 


460 


464 


462 


468 


476 


462 


475 


478 


457 


474 


476 


448 


439 


492 


494 


511 


474 


478 


491 


484 


482 


460 


June 13 . 


■"{ 


461 


460 


465 


467 


473 


468 


455 


450 


493 


481 


471 


472 


467 


479 ' 


466 


479 


481 


478 


490 


484 


488 


489 


459 


465 


461 


461 


465 


468 


473 


408 


457 


453 


495 


483 


477 


469 


468 


482 


465 


479 


481 


476 


486 


483 


487 „ 


492 


462 


465 


Mean . 




461 


460 


465 


468 


473 


468 


456 


452 


494 


482 


474 


470 


408 


480 


4C6 


479 


481 


477 


488 


484 


488 


490 


460 


465 


June 14 . 


"{ 


492 


472 


466 


468 


468 


472 


472 


477 


450 


448 


486 


475 


468 


477 


471 


456 


489 


503 


485 


499 


501 


482 


466 


471 


489 


477 


467 


471 


465 


407 


471 


473 


446 


445 


487 


476 


466 


492 


473 


456 


489 


496 


487 


496 


505 


480 


466 


472 


Mean . 




490 


474 


466 


470 


466 


470 


472 


475 


448 


446 


486 


476 


467 


484 


472 


456 


489 


500 


486 


498 


503 


481 


466 


472 


June 15 . 


-"( 


466 
470 
468 


458 


472 


471 


472 


468 


470 


476 


474 


477 


474 


475 


475 


476 


474 


483 


483 


485 


494 


510 


51C 


495 


471 


470 


Mean . 


458 


472 


471 


472 


468 


470 


476 


474 


477 


474 


475 


475 


476 


474 


483 


483 


485 


494 


510 


516 


495 


471 


470 


June 10 . 


"{ 


471 


478 


466 


465 


462 


470 


472 


'179' 


476 


481 


469 


475 


476 


474 


408 


474 


483 


484 


488 


516 


528 


482 


478 


479 




489 


465 


465 


467 


4G8 


470 


486 


475 


475 


477 


473 


468 


472 


466 


475 


484 


485 


492 


512 


523 


484 


482 


476 


Mean. 




471 


479 


466 


465 


464 


409 


471 


482 


476 


478 


473 


474 


472 


473 


467 


474 


484 


484 


490 


514 


526 


483' 


480 . 


4TS 


June 17 . 


■I 


453 


468 


509 


471 


470 


4G5 


473 


416 


442 


438 


463 


444 


410 


491 


489 


478 


503 


529 


530 


498 


501 


499 


478 


442 


452 


467 


501 


473 


470 


459 


476 


370 


432 


437 


463 


443 


394 


496 


491 


478 


506 


528 


531 


495 


493 


484 


482 


438 


Mean . 




452 


468 


505 


472 


473 


402 


474 


393 


437 


438 


463 


444 


402 


494 


490 


478 


504 


528 


530 


496 


497 


492 


480 


440 


Juno 18 . 


■I 


510 


533 


426 


495 


407 


464 


448 


504 


417 


412 


326 


513 


482 


429 


497 


491 


457 


495 


579 


468 


501 


522 


471 


453 


511 


464 


441 


501 


420 


465 


440 


497 


417 


410 


336 


493 


458 


448 


499 


486 


476 


503 


571 


476 


509 


516 


467 


469 


Mean . 




510 


498 


434 


498 


414 


4G4 


444 


500 


417 


411 


331 


503 


470 


438 


498 


488 


466 


499 


575 


472 


505 


519 


469 


401 


June 19 . 


■\ 


437 


471 


470 


459 


479 


461 


448 


455 


465 


472 


490 


668 


434 


477 


496 


499 


468 


517 


497 


502 


496 


488 


491 


478 


441 


472 


468 


405 


473 


467 


449 


462 


463 


470 


489 


612 


420 


483 


498 


493 


470 


526 


498 


499 


492 


493 


489 


482 


Mean . 




439 


472 


469 


462 


476 


464 


448 


458 


464 


471 


490 


640 


427 


480 


497 


496 


469 


522 


498 


500 


494 


490 


490 


480 


June 20 . 


"V 


402 


408 


465 


449 


472 


472 


480 


509 


504 


478 


470 


432 


465 


467 


467 


480 


488 


499 


562 


499 


494 


492 


498 


476 


■\ 


463 


467 


469 


450 


474 


470 


485 


497 


506 


479 


467 


430 


472 


471 


474 
470 


482 


496 


499 


559 


482 


490 


484 


492 


475 


Mean . 




462 


468 


467 


450 


473 


471 


482 


503 


505 


478 


468 


434 


468 


469 


481 


492 


499 


560 


490 


492 


488 


495 


476 


June 21 . 


■i 


471 


469 


470 


448 


460 


463 


459 


466 


472 


469 


471 


460 


464 


466 


474 


481 


485 


492 


497 


499 


493 


496 


471 


468 


470 


468 


472 


446 


460 


462 


476 


453 


471 


469 


470 


474 


473 


468 


467 


482 


485 


492 


498 


500 


494 


488 


468 


46S 


Mean . 




470 


408 


471 


447 


400 


462 


408 


400 


472 


469 


470 


467 


468 


467 


470 


482 


485 


492 


498 


500 


494 


492 


470 


46S 


June 22 . 


■i 


464 


460 


461 


464 


467 


409 


471 


470 


482 


474 


470 


455 


472 


471 


485 


491 


481 


514 


556 


533 


496 


414 


471 


488 


470 


460 


460 


465 


467 


469 


474 


403 


477 


472 


471 


462 


460 


466 


488 


488 


492 


533 


528 


490 


503 


421 


511 


473 


Mean . 




467 


4<S0 


460 


464 


467 


469 


472 


406 


480 


473 


470 


45S 


466 


468 


486 


490 


486 


524 


542 


512 


500 


418 


491 


480 


June 23 . 


■"{ 


505 


550 


439 


430 


472 


482 


467 


504 


500 


490 


441 


354 


446 


487 


490 


476 


464 


519 


507 


501 


529 


544 


488 


459 


488 


473 


437 


462 


47G 


481 


445 


502 


478 


483 


436 


379 


468 


542 


488 


486 


475 


520 


513 


509 


523 


533 


486 


450 


Mean . 




496 


512 


438 


446 


474 


482 


456 


503 


489 


486 


438 


366 


457 


514 


489 


481 


470 


520 


510 


505 


526 


538 


487 


454 


June 24 . 


-{ 


469 


476 


461 


454 


459 


460 


464 


452 


481 


470 


467 


456 


452 


464 


464 


478 


505 


485 


515 


496 


510 


485 


492 


456 


469 


472 


464 


454 


456 


464 


465 


447 


480 


473 


469 


463 


445 


464 


461 


474 


497 


485 


519 


494 


514 


484 


493 


456 


Mean. 




469 


474 


462 


454 


458 


462 


464 


450 


480 


472 


4G8 


460 


448 


464 


462 


476 


501 


485 


517 


495 


512 


484 


492 


456 


June 25 . 


-{ 


464 


464 


457 


445 


474 


466 


464 


478 


472 


474 


472 


465 


471 


453 


460 


481 


475 


531 


530 


516 


540 


4S2 


489 


462 


463 


465 


456 


446 


472 


467 


462 


478 


472 


470 


470 


467 


470 


458 


463 


481 


473 


532 


521 


486 


557 


479 


492 


461 


Mean. 




464 


464 


456 


446 


473 


460 


463 


478 


472 


472 


471 


466 


470 


456 


462 


481 


474 


532 


526 


501 


552 


4S0 


490 


462 


June 26 . 


"i 


487 


465 


459 


457 


457 


465 


468 


468 


400 


420 


146 


467 


400 


469 


488 


479 


470 


548 


521 


502 


509 


505 


470 


452 


492 


469 


457 


455 


458 


465 


469 


470 


457 


461 


450 


463 


405 


482 


489 


477 


473 


579 


573 


499 


503 


503 


478 


451 


Mean. 




490 


167 


458 


456 


458 


465 


468 


409 


458 


440 


448 


465 


402 


476 


488 


478 


472 


564 


547 


500 


506 


504 


474 


452 


June 27 . 


■i 


435 


458 


460 


461 


464 


467 


441 


489 


444 


42S 


622 


401 


473 


466 


472 


456 


514 


501 


498 


509 


572 


583 


510 


460 


457 


460 


463 


459 


463 


462 


438 


488 


442 


433 


513 


390 


418 


473 


480 


457 


530 


492 


497 


506 


593 


010 


504 


460 


Mean. 




446 


459 


462 


460 


464 


464 


440 


488 


443 


430 


568 


396 


446 


470 


476 


456 


522 


496 


498 


508 


582 


596 


507 


460 


Juno 28 . 


1 


469 


503 


485 


470 


4G2 


43S 


481 


492 


479 


459 


477 


447 


422 


467 


441 


474 


487 


473 


514 


498 


502 


501 


484 


479 


458 


502 


482 


469 


451 


470 


480 


489 


481 


461 


484 


454 


428 


464 


453 


476 


492 


476 


510 


495 


504 


493 


485 


477 


Mean . 




464 


502 


484 


470 


456 


454 


480 


490 


480 


460 


480 


450 


425 


466 


447 


475 


490 


474 


512 


496 


503 


497 


484 


478 


June 29 . 


■i 


474 


468 


469 


467 


463 


450 


475 


472 


464 


454 


454 


408 


472 


472 


474 


466 


475 


497 


510 


504 


525 


507 


480 


459 


477 


473 


469 


472 


464 


452 


470 


474 


467 


464 


456 


426 


473 


476 


472 


466 


47S 


494 


511 


507 


523 


502 


477 


459 


Mean . 




476 


470 


461 


470 


464 


454 


476 


473 


466 


459 


455 


417 


472 


474 


473 


466 


476 


496 


510 


506 


524 


504 


478 


459 


June 30. 


"i 


455 


484 


465 


461 


463 


468 


440 


401 


421 


461 


474 


399 


473 


397 


434 


506 


495 


515 


558 


453 


483 


508 


51S 


489 


456 


486 


461 


460 


463 


470 


443 


484 


426 


411 


458 


402 


494 


393 


428 


569 


494 


503 


561 


463 


'470 


490 


487 


506 


Mean. 




456 


485 


463 


400 


463 


409 


442 


472 


424 


436 


466 


400 


484 


395 431 


538 
478.7 


494 
'487. 6 


509 

508. 
1 


560 
518. 1 


458 
,502. 


480 
512. 7 


499 


502 

4S2.5 


498 


Meana . . 


467.2 


470.0 


464.0 


401.7 


462. 8 


463.7 


464.0 


471.3 


465.8 


459.2 


458.0 


401.6 


456.8 


467.3 


472.5 


493.2 


46S. 8 

1 



Monthly mean, 475.7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



477 



Hourly readings of the BrooJce declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, July, 1883. 



Date. 


0" 


1" 


2" 


3» 


4" 


5' 


6 k 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10 b 


11" 


Noon. 


13' 


14b 


15 h 


lO* 


17 h 


18" 


m 


20 h 


21 h 


22" 


23* 


July l-{ 

Mean... 


482 
480 
481 


483 


481 


476 


469 


474 


449 


469 


386 


437 


473 


436 


493 


432 


454 


443 


494 


463 


583 


531 


576 


509 


473 


492 


483 


481 


476 


469 


474 


449 


469 


386 


437 


473 


436 


493 


432 


454 


443 


494 


463 


583 


531 


576 


509 


473 


492 


July 2..^ 


543 


481 


476 


439 


449 


446 


424 


472 


470 


499 


483 


456 


507 


465 


472 


479 


486 


489 


497 


486 


509 


482 


478 


464 




469 


469 


413 


449 


408 


422 


466 


455 


500 


476 


458 


534 


467 


471 


479 


491 


490 


496 


490 


508 


483 


478 


467 


Mean 


543 


475 


472 


426 


449 


427 


423 


469 


462 


600 


480 


457 


520 


466 


472 


479 


488 


490 


496 


488 


508 


482 


478 


466 


July 3 ..[ 


463 


462 


466 


472 


460 


460 


468 


474 


472 


453 


448 


446 


435 


436 


469 


530 


481 


506 


520 


538 


490 


493 


468 


453 


466 


464 


461 ■ 


476 


465 


461 


467 


478 


472 


456 


450 


442 


439 


432 


468 


535 


477 


505 


523 


532 


487 


496 


471 


456 


Mean 


464 


463 


464 


474 


462 


460 


468 


476 


472 


454 


449 


444 


437 


434 


468 


532 


479 


506 


522 


535 


488 


494 


470 


454 


July 4..| 


462 


454 


459 


447 


463 


479 


445 


464 


474 


477 


455 


471 


449 


423 


477 


480 


488 


509 


507 


495 


486 


473 


454 


486 


462 


455 


460 


442 


458 


479 


454 


466 


482 


469 


460 


467 


448 


441 


466 


478 


492 


509 


507 


490 


488 


477 


458 


486 


Mean 


462 


454 


460 


444 


460 


479 


450 


465 


478 


473 


458 


469 


448 


432 


472 


479 


490 


509 


507 


492 


487 


475 


456 


486 


July 5..^ 


461 


468 


465 


449 


470 


471 


441 


469 


440 


425 


491 


474 


461 


460 


440 


444 


483 


490 


550 


549 


566 


476 


482 


453 


459 


467 


464 


448 


471 


473 


440 


474 


447 


423 


489 


463 


462 


463 


438 


453 


485 


494 


528 


546 


554 


473 


480 


457 


Mean 


460 


468 


464 


448 


470 


472 


440 


472 


444 


424 


490 


468 


462 


462 


439 


448 


484 


492 


539 


548 


560 


474 


481 


455 


July 6..^ 


463 


466 


469 


450 


454 


452 


457 


470 


472 


471 


472 


464 


478 


473 


475 


475 


490 


490 


486 


503 


503 


487 


473 


404 


468 


466 


469 


455 


451 


466 


450 


478 


461 


472 


464 


459 


480 


472 


477 


476 


492 


490 


487 


504 


503 


486 


472 


464 


Mean . . . 


466 


466 


469 


452 


452 


459 


454 


474 


466 


472 


468 


462 


479 


472 


476 


476 


491 


490 


486 


504 


503 


486 


472 


464 


July 7..J 


458 


479 


469 


461 


470 


431 


463 


449 


445 


489 


455 


468 


456 


479 


490 


484 


473 


479 


514 


550 


607 


472 


469 


459 


457 


478 


458 


464 


469 


437 


462 


455 


449 


488 


464 


471 


460 


483 


495 


484 


471 


481 


468 


563 


622 


468 


470 


453 


Mean 


458 


478 


464 


462 


470 


434 


462 


452 


447 


488 


460 


470 


458 


481 


492 


484 


472 


480 


491 


55G 


614 


470 


470 


4?6 


July 8..^ 


461 


462 


449 


462 


462 


466 


443 


398 


401 


412 


473 


456 


465 


534 


388 


455 


381 


610 


509 


483 


474 


557 


452 


482 


459 


455 


453 


463 


460 


466 


443 


390 


410 


416 


461 


465 


468 


563 


405 


465 


440 


626 


505 


497 


457 


546 


458 


474 


Mean 


460 


458 


451 


462 


461 


466 


443 


394 


4u6 


414 


467 


460 


466 


548 


396 


460 


410 


618 


507 


490 


466 


552 


455 


478 


July 9..| 


461 


447 


481 


456 


460 


468 


465 


470 


470 


474 


472 


454 


467 


468 


477 


480 


495 


487 


492 


493 


489 


488 


468 


474 


463 


443 


476 


456 


461 


467 


463 


468 


471 


467 


465 


450 


463 


469 


477 


479 


492 


491 


495 


496 


487 


490 


463 


469 


Mean 


462 


445 


478 


456 


460 


468 


464 


469 


470 


470 


468 


452 


465 


468 


477 


480 


494 


489 


494 


494 


488 


489 


466 


472 


July 10.. £ 


463 


447 


483 


445 


444 


467 


464 


448 


390 


438 


459 


470 


503 


488 


453 


486 


472 


478 


512 


494 


500 


454 


463 


465 


463 


450 


485 


469 


460 


460 


470 


451 


389 


483 


467 


487 


496 


487 


451 


485 


475 


478 


521 


491 


488 


452 


458 


467 


Mean 


463 


448 


484 


457 


452 


464 


467 


450 


390 


460 


463 


478 


500 


488 


452 


486 


474 


478 


516 


492 


494 


453 


460 


466 


July 11- j 


480 


485 


490 


444 


448 


459 


470 


464 


466 


439 


436 


493 


468 


469 


485 


485 


470 


492 


499 


486 


512 


473 


458 


460 


476 


485 


493 


448 


450 


456 


469 


461 


467 


444 


433 


480 


467 


462 


486 


484 


474 


488 


505 


481 


499 


475 


459 


469 


Mean 


478 


485 


492 


446 


449 


458 


470 


462 


466 


442 


434 


486 


468 


466 


486 


484 


472 


490 


502 


484 


506 


474 


458 


464 


July 12.. | 


578 


532 


473 


464 


438 


432 


508 


453 


453 


473 


480 


487 


464 


477 


442 


461 


483 


485 


485 


478 


476 


475 


478 


467 


570 


509 


484 


465 


434 


429 


511 


468 


463 


464 


477 


490 


458 


475 


440 


461 


482 


486 


485 


477 


475 


477 


479 


463 


Mean 


574 


520 


478 


464 


436 


430 


510 


460 


458 


468 


478 


488 


461 


476 


441 


461 


482 


486 


485 


478 


476 


476 


478 


465 


July 13- J 


458 


464 


469 


469 


476 


472 


475 


409 


442 


427 


470 


438 


462 


471 


470 


481 


466 


511 


533 


510 


501 


488 


476 


485 


455 


463 


469 


470 


468 


468 


474 


463 


443 


421 


499 


447 


454 


473 


477 


489 


457 


509 


525 


513 


496 


490 


477 


488 


Mean 


456 


464 


469 


470 


472 


470 


474 


466 


442 


424 


484 


442 


458 


472 


474 


485 


462 


510 


529 


512 


498 


489 


476 


486 


July 14.. | 


472 


478 


500 


461 


467 


470 


467 


471 


472 


468 


438 


461 


452 


492 


488 


485 


606 


542 


509 


493 


468 


486 


465 


464 


472 


478 


485 


467 


467 


469 


467 


473 


473 


472 


429 


410 


444 


503 


458 


462 


584 


546 


498 


487 


471 


488 


463 


466 


Mean 


472 


478 


492 


464 


467 


470 


467 


472 


472 


470 


434 


436 


448 


498 


473 


474 


595 


544 


504 


490 


470 


487 


464 


465 


July 15. | 

Mean 


465 
467 
466 


465 


467 


470. 


469 


469 


469 


475 


466 


483 


475 


475 


473 


474 


478 


465 


451 


509 


433 


560 


478 


496 


468 


527 


465 


467 


470 


469 


469 


469 


475 


466 


483 


475 


475 


473 


474 


478 


465 


451 


509 


433 


560 


478 


496 


468 


527 


July 16.. £ 


452 


436 


457 


464 


470 


407 


460 


485 


4S0 


473 


476 


460 


431 


460 


468 


480 


530 


520 


493 


652 


529 


472 


468 


471 




435 


455 


458 


468 


415 


472 


475 


472 


478 


474 


465 


410 


459 


472 


479 


521 


519 


505 


657 


567 


463 


473 


479 


Mean 


452" 


436 


456 


461 


469 


411 


466 


480 


476 


476 


475 


462 


420 


460 


470 


480 


526 


520 


499 


654 


548 


468 


470 


475 


July 17.. | 


457 


461 


472 


449 


455 


477 


464 


487 


451 


470 


469 


484 


427 


477 


476 


478 


503 


489 


490 


490 


482 


478 


477 


467 


455 


461 


473 


453 


454 


475 


468 


493 


457 


475 


460 


476 


432 


475 


475 


486 


499 


489 


492 


488 


481 


480 


476 


466 


Mean 


456 


461 


472 


451 


454 


476 


466 


490 


454 


472 


464 


480 


430 


476 


476 


482 


501 


489 


491 


489 


482 


479 


476 


466 


July 18.. i 


456 


473 


466 


459 


461 


463 


475 


471 


457 


463 


472 


394 


434 


412 


480 


510 


483 


512 


508 


549 


682 


470 


465 


441 


449 


468 


465 


461 


460 


462 


473 


472 


454 


466 


471 


402 


446 


415 


468 


509 


483 


511 


513 


552 


619 


463 


448 


440 


Mean 


452 


470 


466 


460 


460 


462 


474 


472 


456 


464 


472 


398 


440 


414 


474 


510 


483 


512 


510 


550 


650 


466 


456 


440 


July 19.. J 


448 


441 


452 


535 


489 


473 


471 


469 


466 


473 


440 


449 


420 


495 


438 


480 


493 


501 


499 


529 


498 


502 


498 


4S8 


459 


449 


460 


529 


482 


481 


470 


472 


475 


471 


444 


456 


424 


476 


442 


478 


496 


496 


502 


532 


499 


509 


494 


483 


Mean 


454 


445 


456 


532 


486 


477 


470 


470 


470 


472 


442 


452 


422 


486 


440 


479 


494 


498 


500 


530 


498 


506 


496 


486 


July 20.. [ 


496 


452 


460 


462 


450 


460 


465 


473 


475 


473 


490 


476 


461 


472 


474 


481 


495 


495 


502 


493 


496 


488 


478 


4S8 


480 


454 


463 


460 


446 


455 


466 


474 


475 


469 


490 


471 


466 


468 


477 


478 


499 


497 


502 


495 


498 


489 


480 


483 


Mean — 


488 


453 


462 


461 


448 


458 


466 


474 


475 


471 


490 


474 


464 


470 


476 


480 


497 


496 


502 


494 


497 


488 


479 


486 


July 21- | 


469 


455 


462 


457 


464 


472 


470 


469 


460 


466 


470 


475 


472 


471 


472 


4S0 


488 


491 


491 


493 


498 


484 


472 


463 


471 


452 


462 


460 


465 


469 


469 


473 


458 


464 


470 


475 


473 


472 


473 


481 


489 


491 


491 


492 


496 


4S3 


473 


406 


Mean 


470 


454 


462 


458 


404 


470 


470 


471 


459 


465 


470 


475 


472 


472 


472 


480 


488 


491 


491 


492 


497 


484 


472 


464 


July 22- i 


459 


462 


461 


461 


460 


474 


470 


470 


472 


470 


467 


469 


476 


476 


482 


477 


483 


486 


491 


494 


488 


489 


476 


476 


460 


463 


460 


462 


462 


470 


467 


471 


471 


467 


469 


469 


477 


477 


482 


478 


484 


487 


491 


496 


490 


488 


478 


471 


Mean 


460 


462 


460 


462 


461 


472 


468 


470 


472 


468 


468 


469 


476 


476 


482 


478 


484 


486 


491 


495 


489 


488 


477 


478 


July 23.. i 


468 


459 


454 


458 


458 


461 


465 


477 


409 


475 


470 


468 


457 


477 


473 


477 


482 


488 


493 


498 


502 


483 


480 


467 


460 


460 


456 


459 


457 


463 


464 


475 


470 


475 


467 


472 


460 


476 


474 


477 


482 


488 


493 


489 


500 


484 


479 


480 


Mean 


464 


460 


455 


458 


458 


462 


464 


476 


470 


475 


468 


470 


458 


476 


474 


477 


482 


488 


493 


498 


501 


484 


480 


474 


July 24.. J 


469 


459 


454 


462 


450 


446 


448 


447 


470 


449 


441 


439 


455 


468 


463 


491 


505 


459 


662 


530 


488 


467 


466 


481 


465 


454 


450 


460 


4.49 


446 


451 


435 


468 


449 


441 


428 


460 


475 


406 


479- 


514 


468 


621 


518 


485 


470 


409 


479 


Mean 


467 


456 


452 


461 


450 


446 


450 


441 


469 


449 


441 


434 


458 


472 


464 


485 


510 


464 


642 


524 


486 


468 


468 


480 


July 25.. | 


471 


455 


454 


462 


453 


457 


471 


476 


478 


491 


464 


474 


470 


442 


479 


470 


494 


504 


507 


486 


475 


478 


476 


466 


464 


461 


447 


468 


447 


458 


408 


476 


480 


483 


464 


466 


445 


460 


485 


467 


495 


504 


506 


489 


473 


480 


474 


471 


Mean 


468 


458 


450 


465 


450 


458 


470 


476 


479 


487 


464 


470 


458 


451 


482 


468 


494 


504 


506 


488 


474 


479 


475 


468 


July 26.. | 


467 


471 


461 


461 


461 


459 


466 


457 


489 


473 


476 


407 


463 


450 


479 


481 


515 


568 


553 


548 


554 


468 


426 


454 


465 


472 


463 


462 


461 


460 


466 


459 


491 


480 


472 


469 


456 


452 


463 


471 


518 


545 


534 


575 


552 


477 


433 


456 


Mean 


466 


472 


462 


462 


461 


460 


466 


458 


490 


476 


474 


468 


460 


451 


471 


476 


516 


556 


544 


562 


553 


472 


430 


455 


July 27.. i 


485 


459 


454 


452 


467 


460 


437 


452 


453 


460 


492 


464 


464 


469 


454 


470 


463 


508 


506 


509 


478 


477 


471 


468 


481 


461 


454 


453 


463 


457 


438 


454 


464 


454 


510 


455 


473 


471 


450 


473 


448 


521 


509 


507 


477 


478 


471 


468 


Mean . . . 


483 


400 


454 


452 


465 


458 


438 


453 


458 


457 


501 


460 


468 


470 


452 


472 


456 


514 


508 


508 


478 


478 


471 


468 


July 28.. J 


166 


462 


464 


466 


467 


471 


471 


475 


474 


470 


473 


479 


466 


468 


473 


480 


480 


502 


490 


486 


478 


473 


470 


469 


465 


461 


463 


466 


467 


470 


472 


472 


473 


478 


477 


471 


472 


472 


471 


478 


481 


502 


491 


485 


477 


475 


409 


468 


Mean 


166 


462 


464 


406 


467 


470 


472 


474 


474 


474 


475 


475 


469 


470 


472 


479 


480 


502 


490 


486 


478 


474 


470 


468 


July 29.. | 


4-"8 


4G8 


470 


468 


473 


473 


478 


409 


469 


471 


467 


481 


476 


474 


478 


478 


494 


486 


493 


490 


496 


491 


462 


463 


168 


468' 


471 


468 


473 


471 


469 


469 


4G8 


472 


470 


470 


475 


475 


4*0 


480 


493 


489 


494 


494 


496 


490 


458 


456 


Meau 


468 


468 


470 


468 


473 


472 


474 


469 


468 


472 


468 


476 


476 


474 


479 


479 


494 


488 


494 


492 


496 


490 


460 


460 


July 30- | 


465 


402 


458 


484 


434 


464 


403 


344 


250 


483 


515 


4G2 


470 


491 


332 


481 


477 


5:9 


511 


545 


652 


523 


498 


485 


465 


450 


462 


497 


414 


464 


399 


358 


257 


479 


515 


458 


489 


445 


351 


5 1 2 


473 


520 


492 


536 


659 


509 


494 


484 


Mean 


465 


451 


460 


490 


424 


464 


401 


351 


254 


481 


515 


460 


480 


408 


342 


496 


475 


520 


502 


540 


656 


516 


496 


484 


July 31.. < 


448 


491 525 


490 


442 


422 


411 


472 


443 


412 


422 


445 


447 


397 


479 


460 


131 


552 


534 


612 


502 


470 


450 


497 


464 


489 512 


495 


435 


414 


434 


467 


404 


(35 


404 


450 


433 


424 


482 


455 


465 


575 


487 


603 


544 


463 


448 


506 


Mean 


45C 

471.0 


490 518 


492 


438 


418 
459.2 


422 
459.6 


470 


424 
450.7 


424 
463.3 


413 

467.1 


448 
461.1 


440 

462.2 


410 


480 


458 

477. S 


448 
486 I 


-.64 


510 


008 


553 
514. r 


466 


449 

469.4 


502 


Moans ... 


464.8 


467.9 


463.5 


458. 9 


461.9 


460.6 


463. 1 


504 7 


508. ( 


518.2 


484. 3 


472.5 



Monthly nuaa, 474.0 



478 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke declinometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, August, 1883. 



Date. 


Ob 


fb 


2" 


W 


4 h 


5" 


0" 


7" 


8" 


l>b 


10 u 


H>> 


Noon 


13b 


l 4 b 


15" 


16" 


W» 


lS h 


19 h 


20^ 


2jb 


22* 


33* 


Ang.l- 


i 


506" 
492 
499 


472 


470 


466 


440 


441 


420 


509 


498 


406 


411 


484 


384 


450 


444 


478 


473 


518 


532 


546 


463 


532 


502 


428 . 


Mean . 


472 


470 


466 


440 


141 


420 


o09 


498 


406 


411 


484 




450 


444 


478 


473 


518 


532 


546 


463 


532 


502 


428 


Aug. 2 . . 


"{ 


171 


448 


431 


473 


444 


454 


■i54 


590 


442 


475 


434 


470 


432 


449 


498 


477 


487 


494 


494 


482 


486 


488 


464 


461 




405 


432 


464 


453 


459 


441 


628 


426 


479 


449 


463 


442 


425 


487 


473 


477 


495 


492 


472 


4?8 


486 


463 


461 


Mean 




471 


156 


432 


468 


448 


456 


448 


009 


434 


477 


442 


466 


437 


437 


492 


475 


482 


494 


493 


477 


487 


487 


464 


461 


Aug. 3 - 


I 


453 


405 


465 


459 


41-3 


465 


464 


475 


475 


406 


467 


454 


467 


472 


474 


484 


486 


504 


498 


492 


486 


491 


482 


473 


454 


468 


466 


459 


479 


465 


405 


473 


478 


478 


471 


455 


469 


467 


472 


502 


491 


502 


499 ■ 


491 


487 


484 


482 


473 


Mean 




454 


466 


406 


159 


481 


465 


404 


474 


476 


472 


469 


454 


468 


470 


473 


493 


41-8 


503 


498 


132 


486 


488 


482 


473 


Aug. 4 . 


"i 


458 


449 


462 


465 


465 


472 


473 


467 


170 


-1S2 


464 


473 


401 


462 


468 


480 


492 


487 


4f3 


484 


151 


492 


467 


478 


458 


449 


464 


164 


464 


471 


474 


476 


468 


476 


467 


470 


463 


466 


476 


476 


490 


488 


483 


487 


490 


4r8 


468 


482 


Mean 




458 


449 


463 


104 


464 


472 


474 


472 


469 


479 


466 


472 


462 


464 


472 


478 


49] 


488 


483 


480 


490 


490 


468 


480 


Aug. 5 . 


■\ 


463 


471 


466 


465 


469 


468 


466 


472 


470 


464 


472 


472 


481 


463 


469 


478 


488 


469 


504 


514 


544 


502 


461 


475 


464 


468 


468 


465 


469 


468 


467 


472 


470 


465 


4(5 


475 


487 


460 


474 


474 


483 


474 


495 


498 


543 


485 


460 


476 


Mean 




464. 


470 


467 


465 


469 


4S8 


466 


472 


470 


464 


468 


474 


484 


462 


472 


476 


486 


472 


500 


506 


544 


494 


460 


476 


Aug. 6 . 


'■{ 


458 


460 


456 


457 


446 


447 


439 


173 


403 


425 


457 


389 


445 


462 


484 


523 


490 


507 


516 


550 


717 


541 


534 


495 


489 


460 


456 


404 


451 


438 


433 


472 


414 


438 


451 


386 


436 


471 


480 


517 


504 


532 


532 


542 


623 


524 


549 


472 


Mean 




474 


400 


456 


400 


448 


442 


436 


472 


408 


432 


454 


388 


440 


466 


482 


520 


500 


520 


524 


546 


670 


532 


542 


484 


Aug. 7 . 


■{ 


402 


131 


462 


403 


453 


462 


445 


174 


479 


468 


470 


470 


472 


464 


469 


474 


476 


487 


511 


499 


473 


495 


469 


467 


405 


431 


465 


465 


455 


459 


412 


472 


479 


465 


472 


41,9 


473 


465 


470 


473 


481 


490 


504 


498 


473 


495 


468 


456 


Mean 




404 


431 


464 


464 


454 


460 


444 


473 


479 


466 


471 


470 


472 


464 


470 


474 


478 


488 


508 


498 


473 


495 


468 


462 


Aug. 8.. 


"i 


471 


464 


477 


447 


467 


459 


445 


462 


4S7 


464 


474 


469 


4f0 


480 


481 


4V8 


474 


497 


478 


489 


482 


468 


460 


470 


467 


405 


473 


464 


4C7 


459 


444 


457 


489 


458 


473 


4*9 


480 


481 


482 


433 


474 


491 


478 


493 


481 


167 


400 


469 


Mean . 




469 


464 


475 


456 


467 


459 


444 


460 


488 


461 


474 


469 


480 


480 


482 


430 


474 


494 


478 


491 


482 


408 


400 


470 


Aug. 9 . . 


"i 


469 


461 


463 


461 


468 


473 


472 


470 


471 


463 


469 


475 


466 


473 


465 


473 


41-6 


492 


485 


482 


477 


473 


471 


476 


464 


462 


464 


464 


470 


474 


471 


471 


182 


470 


470 


475 


468 


470 


476 


481 


485 


491 


485 


480 


477 


474 


471 


477 


Mean. 




466 


462 


404 


462 


469 


474 


472 


470 


476 


466 


470 


475 


467 


472 


470 


477 


486 


492 


485 


481 


477 


474 


471. 


476 


Aug. 10 . 


■i 


471 


470 


4G4 


466 


471 


467 


468 


408 


470 


464 


472 


463 


471 


482 


486 


484 


478 


489 


484 


497 


482 


480 


470 


459 


468 


470 


464 


466 


471 


468 


465 


470 


462 


465 


476 


470 


479 


472 


484 


482 


482 


481 


486 


496 


482 


480 


469 


460 


Mean . 




470 


470 


464 


446 


471 


4i 8 


466 


409 


466 


464 


474 


466 


475 


477 


4b'5 


483 


480 


485 


485 


496 


482 


480 


470 


460 


Aug. 11 . 


"i 


465 


480 


476 


473 


467 


444 


448 


423 


506 


492 


480 


481 


368 


435 


466 


481 


509 


492 


516 


490 


466 


474 


465 


464 


462 


475 


479 


471 


464 


445 


442 


422 


562 


489 


474 


485 


391 


445 


464 


180 


502 


488 


517 


496 


464 


474 


462 


471 


Mean . 




404 


478 


478 


472 


466 


444 


445 


422 


534 


490 


477 


483 


376 


440 


465 


480 


500 


490 


516 


493 


465 


474 


464 


468 


Aug. 12 . 


-\ 


470 


435 


455 


464 


459 


465 


474 


474 


476 


472 


469 


460 


471 


406 


469 


477 


476 


508 


513 


542 


499 


478 


470 


402 


409 


456 


401 


463 


458 


465 


471 


474 


476 


473 


468 


466 


474 


467. 


468 


476 


477 


511 


514 


515 


499 


468 


470 


403 


Mean . 




470 


456 


458 


404 


458 


465 


472 


471 


476 


472 


468 


466 


472 


466 


468 


476 


476 


510 


514 


528 


499 


473 


470 


462 


Aug. 13 . 


'-] 


470 


472 


465 


465 


463 


408 


467 


470 


471 


479 


474 


470 


466 


478 


477 


483 


502 


568 


518 


504 


499 


490 


469 


485 


468 


473 


462 


464 


466 


466 


468 


470 


470 


476 


470 


474 


470 


485 


480 


483 


496 


509 


518 


507 


505 


492 


461 


484 


Mean . 




469 


472 


464 


404 


464 


467 


468 


470 


470 


478 


472 


472 


468 


482 


478 


483 


499 


508 


518 


5(0 


502 


491 


465 


484 


Aug. 14 . 


■{ 


464 


465 


405 


469 


468 


455 


471 


456 


451 


452 


442 


469 


467 


487 


478 


475 


488 


504 


516 


488 


488 


493 


465 


128 


446 


465 


464 


469 


469 


452 


472 


46H 


466 


459 


440 


468 


466 


482 


477 


476 


483 


504 


518 


489 


493 


4 [8 


462 


420 


Mean. 




455 


465 


464 


469 


468 


454 


472 


458 


45S 


456 


441 


468 


466 


484 


478 


476 


486 


504 


517 


488 


490 


490 


464 


424 


Aug. 15 . 


"i 


500 

540 
505 


477 


464 


403 


464 


462 


468 


470 


408 


462 


465 


477 


475 


470 


483 


486 


491 


497 


491 


480 


472 


466 


465 


466 


Mean . 


477 


464 


463 


464 


462 


468 


470 


408 


462 


465 


477 


475 


470 


483 


486 


491 


497 


491 


480 


472 


466 


465 


466 


Aug. 16 . 


•"{ 


468 


470 


470 


467 


469 


465 


470 


473 


474 


479 


465 


473 


474 


469 


479 


484 


485 


485 


485 


480 


479 


481 


471 


470 




469 


471 


469 


469 


465 


472 


473 


474 


474 


474 


476 


475 


485 


479 


482 


485 


490 


481 


475 


479 


479 


469 


472 


Mean . 




468 


470 


470 


468 


469 


465 


471 


473 


474 


476 


470 


474 


474 


477 


479 


483 


485 


488 


484 


478 


479 


480 


470 


471 


Aug. 17 . 


■i 


463 


401 


465 


461 


468 


467 


473 


474 


476 


474 


475 


473 


474 


474 


474 


477 


483 


497 


502 


497 


491 


480 


472 


467 


462 


461 


466 


464 


468 


468 


473 


474 


478 


476 


475 


472 


474 


472 


477 


485 


486 


496 


500 


499 


491 


480 


474 


461 


Mean . 




402 


461 


466 


462 


468 


468 


473 


474 


477 


475 


475 


472 


474 


473 


476 


481 


484 


496 


501 


498 


491 


480 


473 


464 


Aug. 18 . 


-"{ 


404 


408 


463 


461 


404 


466 


479 


469 


453 


432 


448 


400 


495 


465 


467 


441 


495 


492 


512 


525 


556 


510 


486 


475 


462 


408 


463 


464 


465 


465 


476 


472 


458 


446 


440 


418 


476 


455 


470 


442 


502 


545 


516 


521 


601 


512 


484 


479 


Mean. 




463 


468 


463 


462 


404 


466 


478 


470 


456 


439 


444 


409 


486 


460 


468 


442 


498 


518 


514 


523 


578 


511 


485 


477 


Aug. 19 . 


•{ 


4 07 


459 


453 


473 


459 


450 


489 


475 


467 


470 


475 


474 


464 


458 


476 


484 


482 


482 


479 


482 


483 


478 


481 


465 


468 


401 


460 


472 


460 


447 


486 


473 


465 


466 


476 


474 


465 


459 


476 


485 


480 


482 


480 


482 


482 


477 


487 


472 


Mean . 




468 


460 


456 


472 


400 


448 


488 


474 


466 


468 


476 


474 


464 


458 


476 


484 


481 


482 


480 


482 


482 


478 


484 


468 


Aug. 20 . 


"( 


405 


454 


464 


460 


465 


481 


472 


470 


467 


476 


441 


460 


482 


470 


479 


488 


488 


488 


483 


477 


490 


485 


472 


477 


462 


402 


4C6 


462 


463 


475 


473 


409 


465 


477 


428 


459 


495 


469 


482 


490 


487 


487 


481 


475 


492 


485 


472 


475 


Mean . 




464 


458 


465 


401 


464 


478 


472 


470 


466 


476 


434 


400 


488 


470 


4 SO 


489 


488 


488 


482 


476 


491 


485 


472 


476 


Aug. 21 . 


"i 


468 


459 


403 


472 


409 


465 


473 


473 


475 


467 


477 


448 


469 


472 


404 


477 


494 


490 


504 


505 


479 


493 


472 


475 


468 


462 


4G5 


470 


469 


464 


472 


471 


474 


469 


470 


457 


472 


474 


405 


479 


497 


488 


505 


501 


479 


494 


474 


475 


Mean . 




468 


460 


464 


471 


469 


464 


472 


472 


474 


468 


474 


452 


470 


473 


464 


478 


496 


489 


504 


503 


479 


494 


473 


475 


Aug. 22 . 


"i 


478 


155 


447 


464 


465 


467 


475 


473 


465 


468 


450 


492 


434 


471 


528 


491 


484 


489 


521 


499 


480 


491 


488 


487 


478 


^55 


449 


406 


464 


408 


474 


474 


465 


469 


455 


494 


443 


456 


522 


492 


481 


489 


514 


496 


478 


496 


488- 


494 


Mean . 




478 


455 


448 


465 


464 


468 


474 


474 


465 


468 


456 


493 


438 


404 


525 


492 


482 


489 


518 


498 


479 


494 


488 


490 


Aug. 23 . 




443 


469 


460 


454 


453 


465 


463 


495 


486 


478 


466 


459 


374 


470 


483 


470 


478 


483 


510 


538 


507 


494 


494 


450 


135 


472 


460 


462 


455 


466 


461 


500 


481 


476 


463 


459 


328 


474 


482 


406 


485 


481 


512 


531 


501 


500 


492 


454 


Mean . 




439 


470 


460 


458 


454 


466 


402 


498 


484 


477 


464 


459 


351 


472 


482 


463 


482 


482 


511 


534 


504 


497 


493 


452 


Aug. 24 . 


■i 


451 


404 


443 


451 


452 


456 


466 


481 


471 


475 


474 


318 


443 


432 


473 


470 


504 


489 


487 


499 


486 


481 


404 


468 


452 


464 


442 


452 


452 


459 


465 


483 


469 


476 


487 


445 


451 


429 


409 


470 


500 


488 


481 


498 


487 


482 


464 


470 


Mean . 




452 


464 


442 


452 


452 


458 


466 


482 


470 


476 


480 


3S2 


447 


430 


471 


470 


502 


488 


484 


498 


486 


482 


464 


409 


Aug. 25 . 


'■] 


450 


409 


404 


463 


471 


464 


467 


463 


467 


476 


467 


479 


460 


457 


180 


476 


469 


502 


494 


489 


482 


483 


470 


466 


448 


409 


465 


463 


471 


462 


464 


457 


468 


471 


465 


472 


461 


461 


475 


477 


470 


502 


490 


488 


482 


481 


470 


468 


Mean . 




449 


469 


4C4 


463 


471 


463 


466 


460 


4C8 


474 


466 


476 


460 


459 


178 


476 


470 


502 


492 


488 


4S2 


482 


470 


467 


Aug. 26 . 


1 


464 


106 


406 


468 


470 


469 


467 


469 


471 


472 


402 


454 


473 


474 


490 


479 


481 


493 


492 


486 


476 


476 


472 


469 


464 


406 


400 


468 


470 


469 


467 


470 


466 


468 


161 


456 


473 


476 


490 


476 


480 


492 


493 


484 


476 


476 


472 


469 


Mean . 




464 


466 


466 


468 


470 


469 


467 


470 


408 


470 


462 


455 


473 


475 


190 


478 


480 


492 


492 


485 


476 


476 


472 


469 


Aug. 27 - 


l 


166 


465 


487 


168 


4G6 


470 


471 


473 


473 


472 


169 


472 


472 


474 


172 


469 


477 


488 


496 


497 


481 


479 


481 




406 


406 


467 


468 


409 


470 


471 


473 


472 


474 


176 


472 


470 


476 


170 


467 


476 


489 


490 


497 


481 


480 


479 




Mean . 




166 


4C6 
403. 5 


467 

462. 2 

I 


4C8 
164.2 


468 


470 
462. 2 


471 


473 


472 


473 


172 


172 


471 


475 


171 


468 


476 


488 


49G 


497 


481 


480 


480 




Means . . 


164.2 

1 


463.1 


463.7 


476.4 


470.7 


466.1 


462.8 


461.6 450.4 


465.6 


176.8 


477.6 


485.9 


495.0 


500. 


499.0 


495.9 


487.9 


475.5 


467.4 



Monthly mean, 473. 5 



SOLAE-DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE DECLINATION 

Observed at TJglaamie, Alaska. 

(Disturbances included. ) 

20 18 16 14 12 10 ' 8 6 L 2 B 4 6 8 10* 12 14 16 18 20' 22 24 26 28 W 



$ 


























I 


































b 


Wi 


sp 




















































Ea 


JO 


i 




"-•v 






















































^ 
































































§ 








































































u 




















































B 

m 
vr 
















































































^ 


































































^ 






























































































Ml 












































cr, 


-^ 


































































*"**> 


























































.) 


./ 










m 


















































S- 




















































^T" 






— 
















Moon 
















































































ps" 


-^ 






















































f 




























































f 














































37 














/ 


I-.. 


























































o 




























































,s 


f 


























































\ 




1 




























































\ 


V 


























' 






































^ 










~ 


















































k 


























































s j 


f-Y 
























































-<-• 




s-h- 














































Md'm 








-■ 


K 















































































































./■'.^ZZ CMr^e*^—-*— 'mean, vf T?*e j/eaij Sept, 1882. to Aug., 2883. 

JBrakerir n- — — Ttwxav of 6" r/umths, sun, in, rtaj'th, decbnutioru 

2)oti£cL p*fv--" , ""*, tt ..- ,r -inearL of 6 nwrvlta^ sun, in, sqlU/l <£ec£hatia& 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



479 



Recapitulation of monthly mean values {inclusive of disturbances) of hourly readings of the Broole 

declinometer at TJglaamie, Alaska, 18S2-'83. 



Gottingen civil time 


Oh 


li> 


2l> 


3b 


41. 


51> 


6i> 


7>> 


81' 


<Jh 


10K 


Hi. 




12 h 53.6° 
























TJglaamie civil time 


Noon+53.6 m 


131-53.6"' 


14 h 53.6° 


15 1 ' 53.6° 


le^.e™ 


17''53.6<" 


18>'53.6° 


\9> 53.6° 


20 h 53.6° 


21>'53.6» 


22 h 53.6° 


23 l >53.6°' 


3882. 


























Sept'r epoch, the (21st) 


491.7 


492.3 


495.9 


493.8 


491.7 


492. 8. 


490.4 


496.0 


495.9 


487.0 


474.7 


492.8 


October 


492.1 


490.5 


495.1 


488.7 


493.4 


488.5 


490.2 


491.5 


488.4 


486.8 


482.8 


475. S 


November 


485.8 


484.8 


484.7 


487.0 


481.3 


479.9 


480.1 


480.5 


471.4 


406.2 


493. 4 


454. 3 


December 


487.9 


481.5 


484.1 


484.5 


483.8 


483.2 


484.9 


485.1 


487.7 


485.6 


487.3 


476.4 


1883. 


























January 


474.2 


479.6 


479.1 


479.7 


482.2 


482.3 


483.1 


485.5 


486.9 


481.9 


479.6 


478.4 


February 


476.2 


476.0 


479.3 


479.8 


478.9 


479.0 


481.4 


478.2 


489.1 


478.0 


485.6 


483.7 


March 


478.7 


477.3 


478.5 


472.5 


472.0 


475.5 


475.5 


471.5 


475.3 


409.8 


483.8 


477 5 


A.piil 


474.8 


473.1 


471.2 


407.2 


407.0 


407.6 


471.7 


474. 3 


472.8 


471.6 


470 4 


472. 3 


May 


465. 


470. 7 


4C6.8 


464.1 


402. 5 


464.0 


404.6 


460.0 


464.8 


409.6 


462.2 


459.6 


June 


467.2 


470.0 


404.0 


461.7 


462.8 


403. 7 


464.0 


471.3 


465.8 


459. 2 


45S. 


401. 


July 


471.0 


464. 8 


407.9 


463.5 


458.9 


459.2 


459. 6 


461.9 


450.7 


403.3 


467.1 


461.1 


August epoch, the (14th) 


404.2 


463.5 


462.2 


404. 2 


403.1 


462.2 


463.7 


476.4 


470.7 


466.1 


462. 8 


401.6 


April to Sept., inclusive. 


472.3 


472.4 


471.3 


469.1 


467.7 


468.2 


tf09. 


474.3 


470.1 


469.5 


465. 9 


468.2 


Oct. to March, inclusive . 


482.5 


481.6 


483.5 


482.0 


481.9 


481.4 


483. 5 


483.1 


483.1 


478.1 


485. 4 


474.4 


Year 


477.4 


477.0 


477.4 


475.6 


474.8 


474.8 


476.3 


478.7 


476.0 


473.8 


475.6 


471.3 



Gottingen civil time - 


Noon. 


13* 


j 4 b 


IS 1 


18* 


17" 


18* 


19* 


20 b 


21" 


22 b 


23" 


Mean. 


TJglaamie civil time . . 


h 53.6™ 


1*53.6" 


2*53.6" 


3* 53.6° 


4* 53.6° 


5*53.6° 


6" 53.6° 


7 b 53.6° 


8*53.6" 


9 h 53.6° 


10*53.6™ 


111' 53.6° 


1882. 




























September 


492.0 


499.5 


500.0 


507. 2 


509.2 


506.9 


518.3 


512.4 


506.5 


502.4 


497.9 


492.9 


497.5 


October 


474.7 


495.0 


512.5 


500.7 


508.5 


508.9 


510.7 


527.3 


512. 5 


501. 4 


492. 5 


485.8 


495.6 


November 


474.2 


495.1 


470.6 


493.5 


517.6 


504. 


538.9 


517.8 


514.9 


498.3 


487.4 


483.0 


489.8 


December 


474.8 


497,0 


499.5 


499.0 


498.3 


504.4 


499.9 


507.7 


504.8 


491.8 


481. 6 


484.5 


489.9 


1883. 
January 


481.4 


477.1 


498.7 


495.7 


502.6 


514.9 


499.1 


506.2 


511.1 


494.7 


484.9 


477.0 


488.1 


February 


476.4 


470.6 


507.7 


491.6 


507. 9 


513.6 


513.6 


513.8 


494.5 


505.4 


491.1 


487.0 


489.4 


March 


474.3 


407.5 


487.5 


498.3 


497.0 


506.8 


505.9 


513.2 


500.4 


495.6 


493.6 


478.8 


484.7 


April 


476.6 


479.2 


487.7 


485. 8 


494.7 


503.9 


506.8 


514.4 


500.6 


495.7 


492.6 


479.0 


482. 1 


May 


4G2. 7 


470.8 


479.5 


484.9 


492.6 


504.6 


509.1 


504.4 


500.8 


483.6 


480.8 


468.9 


476.0 


June 


456.8 


467.3 


472.5 


478.7 


487.6 


508.0 


518.1 


502.0 


512.7 


493.2 


4S2. 5 


468.8 


475.7 


July 


462.2 


466.6 


403.1 


477.9 


486.0 


504.7 


508.6 


518.2 


514.5 


484.3 


469.4 


472.5 


474.0 


August 


456.4 


465.6 


476.8 


477.6 


485.9 


495.0 


500.0 


499.0 


495.9 


487.9 


475.5 


467.4 


473.5 


Apr.to Sept., inclusive 


467.8 


474.8 


479.9 


485.4 


492.7 


503.8 


510.2 


508.4 


505. 2 


491.2 


483.1 


474.9 


479.8 


Oct. to Mar., inclusive 


476.0 


484.7 


496.1 


490.5 


505.3 


508.8 


511.4 


514.3 


507.4 


497.9 


4S9. 


482. 8 


489.6 


Tear 


471.9 


479. 8 


488.0 


490.9 


499.0 


506.3 


510.8 


511.4 


506.3 


494.6 


486.1 


478.8 


484.7 



SOLAR DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE DECLINATION, INCLUSIVE OF DISTURBANCES. 

The daily variation of the magnetic declination is found by subtracting each hourly mean from 
the respective daily mean, and is given in the following table for the whole year, as well as for the 
half years, i. e», with sun in north declination and sun in south declination : 



Gottingen 
civil time. 



9 
10 
11* 



TJglaamie civil 
time. 



Noon 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 



+ 53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 
53.6 



April to 
September, 

© north 
declination. 



+ 7.5 
+ 7.4 
+ 8.5 
+ 10.7 
+ 12.1 
+ 11.6 
+10.8 
+ 5.5 
+ 9.7 
+10.3 
+13.9 
+11.6 



October to 
March, 
south 

declination, 



+ 7.1 
+ 8.0 
+ 6.1 
+ 7.6 
+ 7.7 
+ 8.2 
+ 6.1 
+ 6.5 
+ 6.5 
+11.5 
+ 4.2 
+ 15.2 



Tear. 



+ 7.3 
+ 7.7 
+ 7.3 
+ 9.1 
+ 9.9 
+ 9.9 
+ 8.4 
+ 6.0 
+ 8.1 
+ 10.9 
+ 9.1 
+13.4 







April to 


October to 




Gottingen 


TJglaamie civil 


September, 


March, 


Year. 


civil time. 


time. 


north 


south 






declination. 


declination. 




Noon. 


Midnight + 53. 6 


+12.0 


+ 13.6 


+12. 8 


13 


1 53. 


+ 5.0 


+ 4.9 


+ 4.9 


14 


2 53.6 


- 0.1 


-6.5 


-3.3 


15 


3 53.6 


-5.6 


- 6.9 


- 6.2 


16 


4 53.6 


-12. 9 


-15.7 


-14.3 


17 


5 53.0 


-24. 


—19.2 


-21.0 


18 


6 53. 6 


-30.4 


-21.8 


-20.1 


19 


7 53.6 


-28.6 


-24.7 


-20.7 


20 


8 53.6 


-25.4 


-17.8 


-21. 6 


21 


9 53.6 


-11.4 


-8.3 


- 9.9 


22 


10 53.0 


-3.3 


+ 0.6 


- 1.4 


23* 


11 53. 6 


+ 4.9 


+ 6.8 


+ 5.9 



Apparent diurnal range, 6 months, sun north of equator, 44'. 3 
Apparent diurnal range, 6 mouths, sun south of equator, 39'. 9 
Apparent diurual range, year, 40'. 1 



480 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



The most pronounced feature of the diurnal variation is the morning extreme easterly deflection 
between 7 and 8 a. m. This is in perfect accord with the times of eastern elongation at stations in 
lower latitudes: thus at Sitka,* 8 h a. m.; at Madison, Wis., 8|; at Toronto, 7|; at Philadelphia, 
7£; and at Key West, 8£. The afternoon westerly deflection, however, appears to be delayed when 
compared with stations to the south of Uglaamie. We have a maximum about 5 p. m., and a 
second and greater maximum about midnight, undoubtedly produced by disturbances, as shown 
in the accompanying diagram. At Sitka the westerly elongation occurs about 3£ p. m. ; at Madison, 
1£ j at Toronto, Of p. m. ; at Philadelphia, 1 J ; and at Key West, If. At Sitka there is no trace 
of the irregular western deflections recorded at Uglaamie between 8 h p. m. and about 2 h a. m., as 
shown by the table in the foot-note. If we now refer to the observations made at Point Barrow 
during 1852, 1853, and 1854 (Phil. Trans., vol. 147, 1857), we find 8 a. m. to be distinctly the hour 
of the maximum of the easterly disturbances, which thus re-enforce the regular solar-diurnal varia- 
tion about this time and produce the great easterly deviation exhibited by the diagram. On the 
other hand, the westerly disturbances reach their maximum between the hours 11 p. m. midnight 
and 1 a. m., when they obliterate the regular solar-diurnal variation. Retaining the disturbances, 
the eastern maximum deflection is recorded between 7 and 8 a. m.; excluding the larger ones, it 
occurs near 7 a. m ; the western maximum, disturbances included, is recorded at 5 p. m. (with a 
second maximum between 10 and 11 p. m.), but excluding the larger ones, the elongation reverts 
to 1 p. m. 

It is also a noteworthy fact that the diurnal variations seem to depend little on the season, 
the deviations from the annual course for the half year with sun north of the equator, and for the 
half year with sun south of the equator, being small. 

SEPARATION OF THE LARGER MAGNETIC VARIATIONS, OR SO-CALLED DISTURBANCES, AND 

THEIR DISCUSSION. 

In the present state of our knowledge there appears to be no other means of recognizing so- 
called disturbances in a series of observations except by their magnitude ; that is, for any one 
observation or reading taken at random it is impossible to say how much of the measured quantity 
is due to the regular daily variation, and how much to other variations following different laws. 
Having formed preliminarily for any one month hourly average or normal values, and compared each 
observation at any hour with the normal value at that hour, the series of differences so obtained 
will disclose the amount of the so-called disturbances ; and a certain limiting value requires to be 
found which shall separate the apparently regular values from the supposed disturbed values ; 
i. e., those following different laws from the others. 

In the discussion of that large body of magnetic material which had accumulated mainly 
through the support of the British Government about the middle of the present century. General 
Sir Edward Sabine was guided in his selection of a limiting value simply by practical considerations 
or by experience, and the eminent success which he had fully justified his method ; yet when a 



*It is much to be regretted that the magnetic observations taken at Sitka, Alaska, between 1848 and 1864, have 
never been fully discussed. As it appeared to me highly desirable to compare the diurnal variation of the declina- 
tion at Uglaamie with that of Sitka, I have made a combination of the hourly readings from the broken and irreg- 
ular series extending from 1848 to 1862. (The material for this combination had been collected by Mr. M. Baker, of 
the Coast and Geodetic Survey, in March, 1882. ) 

Diurnal variation (inclusive of disturbances) of the declination observed at Sitka, Alaska, from ten years of observations. 
[A + sign indicates deflection of north end of needle to the west; a — sign the opposite direction.] 





, 


b 


/ 


b 


, 


b 


, 


b 


, 


Midnight. 


+ 0.6 


5 


— 2.9 


10 


— 3.0 


15 


+ 4.C 


20 


+ 1.4 


1 


— 0.2 


G 


— 4.2 


11 


— 0.6 


16 


+ 4.G 


21 


+ 0.8 


2 


— 1.0 


7 


— 5.3 


Noon. 


+ 2.1 


17 


+ 3.8 


22 


+ 0.4 


3 


— 1.4 


8 


— 0.0 


13 


+ 3.2 


18 


+ 3.2 


23 


+ 0.6 


4 


— 2.0 


9 


— 5.3 


14 


+ 4.2 


19 


+ 2.4 


Midnight. 


+ 0.6 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKBOW, ALASKA. 481 

number of simultaneous observations made at different stations, as in the ease of the present polar 
researches, require strict intercomparability of results, a more definite proceeding appears desirable. 

I had made use of Peirce's criterion for the rejection of doubtful observations,* or, here more 
appropriately expressed, for the separation of observations deviating largely in amount by reason 
of their following different laws from those to which the ordinary observations are subject; and in 
using the criterion in such a case it was put forward oidy with a view of securing some definite 
rule uniformly applicable. 

The criterion was first employed by me in the discussion of Dr. Kane's magnetic observations 
of 1853, 1854, 1855, at Van Eensselaer Harbor, North Greenland ;t afterwards for Dr. Bache's 
magnetic observations of 1840 to 1845 at Philadelphia, | and for the United States Coast Survey 
magnetic series of 1860 to 18G6 at Key West, Florida. § In these applications, where no great pre- 
cision is required, its method of application may be much simplified. Thus the mean deviation or 
the mean difference of any hourly value from its hourly normal may be found, without the trouble 

of forming squares, by the simple expression of e = 1.25^—1 , and the limiting value given by the 

criterion will be = u e, the value of h being a tabular value for the case jx = 1, is readily had 
from Chauvenet's Table X. The limit so found will be the widest one that may be employed, but 
in special applications it may require contraction, for the reason that the number of the largest 
disturbances is found to be insufficient for their successful discussion. Instead of using Peirce's 
criterion, we can, however, arrive at an equally satisfactory fixation of a limit by means of the ex- 
pressions of either the probable or the mean error of an observation. || We may define the widest 
limit as that deviation or difference from the mean which exceeds 3.5 times the probable variability 

3 5 
or probable deviation of an observation. This limit corresponds to ^ , or to 2.36 times the mean 

1.483 

deviation (as already used in connection with the criterion). Thus 2.\- times the mean deviation 

would be a superior limit, whereas Dr. Lloyd (1S74) adopts for the discussion of the disturbances 

a limit of L] times the average departure of a reading from its normal. By taking this lower limit 

we necessarily include a number of disturbances of lesser magnitude ; but should the limit be drawn 

still closer there is danger of confusing the results with values following different laws from those 

which govern the larger disturbances. It would be most desirable to investigate the disturbances 

by a series of graduated limits and falling between these extremes. A limit somewhere between 

2 and 1£ times the mean deviation will probably be found most satisfactory. To find the mean 

deviation £= \ 95 — — - say from an hourly series of observations extending over one year, the diur- 
n — I 

nal as well as the annual variations of the disturbances must be taken into account; and it will 
suffice to deduce 24 numerical values for e, using for the first month the hours and 12, for the 
second month the hours 1 and 13, for the third the hours 2 and 14, etc., and finally to take the 
average (j) from the 24 individual values so obtained. 

Discussing the hourly variations of the declination recorded in the second year at Uglaamie, 
where the horizontal component H = 1.936 English units ( =0.8927 Gaussian units, or 0.08927 dynes) 
for October, 1882, the value of e equals 18'.4 nearly ; hence limit by Peirce's criterion = 44', and the 
same limit for 2£ times s ; for twice e the limit is 37', and for 1 J e it is 28', which limits separate, re- 
spectively, 1 disturbed observation in 17 observations, 1 in 12, and 1 in 8. General Sabine's limit in 
the discussion of Captain Maguire's observations of 1852, 1853, and 1854 was 22'. 87, andthe number 

"United States Coast Survey Eeport for 1854, pp. 131 to 138; Gould's Astronomical Journal, No. 83, Cambridge., 
Mass., April 24, 1855. It is now most readily accessible in Cliauvenet's Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy, 
Vol. II (first edition, Philadelphia, 1863). 

t Smithsonian Contribution to Knowledge, Vol. X, 1858. 

t United States Coast Survey Eeport for 1859, Appendix No. 22. 

$ United States Coast Survey Eeport for 1874, Appendix No. 9. 

|| Here, of course, the differences of the tabular hourly readings from their respective hourly normals do not, iu 
any sense, represent errors, every one being as correct as any other; they are variations governed by unknown laws, 
probably of much complexity. The application of the formulse of the method of least squares to such phenomena 
is more or less precarious ; the pure observing error may be regarded as insignificant. 
H. Ex. 44 01 



482 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

of disturbances separated was between £ and £ of the whole number; but it should be remarked 
here that at that time we were approaching an epoch of a sun-spot minimum, whereas at present 
we have just passed through a sun-spot maximum, during which the disturbances are greater. 

It has been noticed that a limit adopted for a station in low magnetic latitude will not serve 
to deduce a limit for a station in high magnetic latitude when having regard only to the supposition 
that the limits are inversely proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal components of their 
respective magnetic intensities ; the disturbances appear to increase in greater ratio as we approach 
the magnetic polar regions.* 

The further discussion of the differential observations must be deferred until a decision has 
been reached by the fourth international polar conference (which is to meet shortly at Vienna) 
respecting the limit of recognition of disturbances. [April 5, 1884.] 

THE BIFILAE MAGNETOMETER. 

The length of 1 division of the scale is 1 millimeter, the radius mirror to scale is 1.719 meter, 
hence angular value of 1 division of scale = 1'. 

(1) Adjustment and determination of scale value, September 11, 1882, l h p. m. 

With plane of detorsion in the magnetic meridian the torsion circle read 51° 42'. It was then 
turned with the suspended weight 90°, and read 324° 42', in which position the fixed as well as the 
movable mirrors were made to read 500 on the scale. The torsion weight was then removed and 
the magnet inserted and the torsion circle turned to read 24S° 35'. The movable mirror was next 
brought to read 500, by means of the screw regulating the distance between the two suspension 
threads. The angle s=324° 42'— 248° 35' = 76° 07' was calculated to answer the desired value of 
one division of the scale to represent a variation of the horizontal force of .001 cos. 6, expressed 
in metric units (millimeter, milligramme, s). By inadvertence a mistake was made by the observers 
in their calculation (in the value of H), so that the scale value neither for the horizontal nor for 
the vertical force corresponds to the value proposed by the President of the Polar Commission. 
This was not discovered by them until near the close of the observations, when they judged it best to 
adhere to the old value. The magnetometers were thus given a sensitiveness fully double of what 
was intended they should have. The consequence was that many of the largest disturbances in 
the horizontal and vertical components failed to be registered, the deflections falling beyond the 
range of the instruments. 

We have the scale value 1c in parts of the horizontal force=cot. z times 1' = . 00007190, and 
multiplying by R, or 1.939, the scale value becomes .0001394 English units. 

(2) September 18, 1882, 2 b a. m. to 3 b 15 m a. m., Gottingen time, readjusted bifilar instrument. 
Plane of detorsion read 60° 41' ; turned torsion circle to 330° 41', and movable mirror made to 

read 50; magnet inserted and torsion circle turned to 254° 34'; movable mirror brought to read 50 
by means of the adjusting screw. The angle z equals 76° 07' ; hence fc, or the scale value, remains 
as above. The apparent change in the plane of the detorsion of 5° 59' is due to shifting of the 
instrument. 

(3) November 6, 1882, 10 11 p.m., to November 7, 2 h 31 ,n a. m. Gottingen time; readjusted in- 
strument. 

With plane of detorsion in meridian torsion circle reads 52° 46'; adjusted movable mirror to 
50, when torsion circle reads 322° 46'; suspended magnet and made torsion circle read 247° 12'; 
brought movable mirror to 50 by means of adjusting screw, z =75° 34' ; hence h =. 00007487 parts 
of the horizontal force, and multiplying by H the scale value becomes . 0001452 English units. 

(4) February 27, 1883, 3 U 05 m a. m. to 6 L 55 m a. m. Gottingen time, readjusted instrument. 
Plane of detorsion in magnetic meridian, torsion circle reads 52° 35'; movable and fixed 

mirrors adjusted to 50, with torsion circle 322° 35' ; suspended magnef and turned circle to 247° 
14' and brought movable mirror again to 50 by means of the adjusting screw, z = 75° 21'; hence 
Jc = . 00007604 parts of the horizontal force, and the scale value .0001474 English units. 

* Thus with the Key West (H = 6.74) limit of 2'. 6 the Ugiaamie limit would be 9' about, With the Philadelphia 
(H = 4.17) limit of 3.6 the Ugiaamie limit would be 8', about. With the Torouto fH = 3.53) limit of 5.0 the Ugiaamie 
limit would be 9', about. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 483 

(5) February 28, 1883, l h 13 m a. m. to 3" 37 m a. ra. Gottingen time, readjusted instrument. 
Plane of detorsion in magnetic meridian 40° 22'; turned to 310° 22', with fixed and movable 

mirrors at 50 ; suspended magnet and turned to 235° 01', with movable mirror at 50, by meaus 
of the screw, 2=75° 21'; hence scale value as in preceding case. 

(6) At 6 p. m., March 23, Gottingen time, the suspended mirror touched fixed mirror owing to 
stretching of threads; raised suspension at h 45 ,n p. m. 

(7) At 6 h 45 m a. m., March 25, Gottingen time, suspension further shortened; again at 7 h 10 m 

p. in., same day. 

(8) At 3 h a. in., April 21, Gottingen time, fixed mirror read 486; changed to 500 before taking 

the 3 a. m. observations. 

Increasing scale readings denote increase of horizontal force. 



484 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



HOURLY I1EADIXGS OF THE BROOKE B1FILAR MAGNETOMETER, AT UGLAAM1E, ALASKA, TOGETHER 

[Uncorrected for temperature. The hourly readings are placed opposite a brace in first column and the corresponding temperature immedi 
passed off the scale at the negative end it is indicated by ( — 40 — ?), -when beyond the positive end by (1040+0- In taking the monthly 
on! side the scale. A parallel dash ( || ) in the table indicates time of readjustment of instrument or change in value of one division. 
18 2 h . It is found as follows : mean of days less 1 hour September 12 to 18, inclusive, 827.0 ; mean of days less 4 hours September 18 to 



Value of one division of scale 



Between September 11. 1862, and Kovrmbr r 6, 1S82 

Between November 7, 1882, and February 27, 1883 

Between February 27, 1883, to close of seiics 

The average scale reading 419 corresponds approximately to bor 
izontal intensity 



Hourly readings of the Broolce bifilar magnet 

tOne division of scale = . 0000719 



Date. 



Sept. 12 t 

Temperature 

Sept. 13 $ 

Temperature 

Sept. 14 £ 

Temperature 

Sept. 15 J 

Temperature 

Sept. 16 J 

Temperature 

Sept, 17 £ 

Temperature 

Sept. 18 j 

Temperature 

Sept. 19 j 

Ti mperature 

Sept. 20 | 

Temperature 

Sept.21 5 

Temperature 

Sept. 22 | 

Temperature 

Sept. 23 $ 

Temperature 

Sept. 21 ^ 

Temperature 

Sept. 23 ^ 

Temperature 

Sept. 26 | 

Temperature 

Sept. 27 | 

Temperature 

Sept. 28 | 

Temperature 

Sept. 29 5 

Temperature 

Sept. 30 £ 

Temperature 



Mean temperature . 
Slean readings 



(800+?) 
(800 4-!) 

38 

(800 + ?) 

(800+ ?) 

30 

834 

827 

40 

808 



51 
894 
910 

40 
895 
963 

30.5 
422 
423 

38.5 
503 
502 

35 
562 
558 

32.5 
522 
523 

32.5 
541 
539 

31.5 
510 
503 

33.5 
551 
551 

31.5 
592 
590 

32.5 
565 
568 

34 
583 
582 

37 
551 
558 

38.5 
550 
550 

37.5 



36.4 
537.1 



602 

621 

46 

794 

(800+ ?) 

38 
(800 + ?) 
(800 + ?) 

36 
807 



39 

888 
885 

48 
938 
935 

40.5 
940 
945 

37 
434 
428 

37.5 
516 
515 

35 
573 
574 

33 
527 
524 

32.5 
542 
542 

32 
504 
504 

34.5 
563 
565 

31.5 
618 
613 

33.5 
565 
563 

34.5 
587 
574 

37.5 
556 
555 

39 
549 
548 

37.5 



37.0 
532.0 



2 i 



731 
754 
46.5 
754 

702 

39 

(800+ ?) 

(800+ 

36 

812 



39 

885 
870 

47 
928 
928 

40 



489 
492 

39 
532 
528 

35. 5 
542 
547 

33 
522 
524 

32.5 
557 
558 

32.5 
512 
'508 

34.5 
581 
602 

31.5 
585 
588 

33.5 
630 
622 

35 
570 
570 

38 
560 
559 

39 
550 
552 

37.5 



37.2 
536. 1 



3" 



752 

752 
45 

781 
(800 + ?) 

39 

(800+0 

(800 + ?) 

36 

838 



38 
900 
885 

46 
933 
920 

40 



480 
483 

41 
506 
499 

35 
546 
548 

33 
532 
514 

32.5 
542 
544 

33 
560 
565 

34 
561 
591 

32 
569 
568 

33 
650 
648 

36 
583 
587 

38 
558 
559 

39 
554 
556 

38 



37.1 
542.0 



752 

44 

(800+?) 

(800+ ?) 

40 

920 

940 

37 

818 



38.5 
895 
893 

45 
980 
990 

40 
509 
510 

45 
515 
518 

40 
539 
560 

35 
526 
546 

33 
524 
518 

32 
552 
535 

33 
572 
556 

33 
668 
702 

31 
625 
626 

35 
680 
670 

35.5 
589 
588 

38 
572 
570 

40 
561 
538 

38.5 



37.6 
563. 5 



752 
751 

42 
809 
820 

39 
838 
818 

36 
853 



36.5 
920 
950 

42 
(10404 ? 
(1040+?) 

39 
516 
530 

40 
494 
501 

39 
508 
520 

35 
520 
529 

32.5 
513 
525 

31 
532 
510 

32 
544 
556 

33 
606 
687 

31 
596 
590 

33 
662 
637 

35 
585 
581 

38.5 
565 
564 

39 
556 
556 

38 



36.4 
558.8 



830 
850 

41 
816 
838 

38.! 
870 
885 

36 
892 



39.5 
9C0 

"E 

(1040 + ?) 
(1040 + ?) 

36 
510 
540 

39 
490 
492 

38 
514 
518 

34 
508 
526 

32 
528 
5.6 

31 
506 
564 

32 
555 
536 

32 
651 
625 

30 
622 
626 

33 
524 
481 

35 

' 582 

579 

39 
568 
539 

38 
570 
570 

38 



35.9 
503.0 



(800 + ?) 

803 

40 

(800 + ?) 

(800+ ?) 

36.5 

830 

833 

36 

844 



42 
932 
930 

39 
(1040 +0 
(1040 + ?) 

35 
542 
541 

38 
407 
476 

37 
545 
544 

31 
526 
516 

32 
508 
638 

30 
503 
533 

30 
553 
564 

31 
456 
480 

30 
430 
442 

33 
576 
568 

34 
604 
603 

38 
571 
568 

38.5 
575 
568 

38 



(800+ 

(800+ 

37. 



844 

36 

670 



42 
910 
9.13 

38 
965 
918 

34.5 
544 
545 

37 
452 
477 

36 
543 
533 

34 
558 
546 

31 
535 
542 

30 
544 
547 

29 
555 
545 

31 
405 
467 

29.5 
542 
561 

31.5 
558 
577 

33 
598 
593 

37 
594 
571 

37.5 
598 
591 

37 



9' 



lO* 



(8004 1) 

(800+.') 

36.5 

(800+.') 

815 

30 

903 

905 

36 

763 



48.5 
931 
938 

37 
(1040+;) 
(1040 + ?) 

34 
549 
550 

36 
480 
476 

35 
518 
503 

33.5 
503 
527 

31 
556 
561 

30 
561 
535 

29 
550 
568 

30.5 
524 
510 

29 
292 
205 

31 
538 
556 

33 
558 
544 

37 
548 
507 • 

37 
596 
574 

36 



(800 + ?) 
(800+ ?) 

30 
747 
776 

30 
835 
751 

35. 5 
930 



44 
964 
952 

36 
(1040+.') 
(1040 + ?) 

33 
554 
552 

35.5 
469 
477 

35 
482 
455 

33 
420 
430 

31 
501 
486 

30 
564 
533 

28.5 
557 
559 

30 
378 
381 

29 
325 
278 

30 
404 
401 

32.5 
565 
574 

36 
394 
411 

36 
510 
567 

35 



35.4 
538.9 



34.7 
518.8 



34. 
529. 



33.8 
501.8 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



485 



WITH THE CORRESPONDING TEMPERATURE (FAHR.), FROM SEPTEMBER 12, 1882, TO AUGUST 27, 1883. 

ately below them. Increasing scale numbers denote increasing horizontal force. Extreme scale divisions, — 40 and 1040 j when the magnet 
means of the hourly leadings, disturbances included, the respective extreme values were substituted in the place of the unknown position 
To reduce readings of biiilar to an approximately uniform series subtract 318 divisions from each reading from September 12 to September 
23, inclusive, 509.6; difference, 318 divisions. The bottom line of means of readings includes the correction of — 318 divisions.[ 



English units. iGaussian units. 


-British Asso- 
ciation units or 
dynes. 


.000139 ; .OO00C43 
. 000145 . 0000CG9 
. 000147 . OO00G80 


. 00000643 
. 00000669 
. 00000680 


1. 939 0. 8940 


0. 08940 



ometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, September, 1882. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



ll h 


Noon. 


13 b 


14k 


15* 


16 b 


17* 


IS" 


l'J" 


20'> 


21" 


22 h 


23" 


Date. 


(800+?) 


(800+?) 


(800 + ?) 


(800+?) 


(800+?) 


(800+?) 


(800+?) 


(800+?) 


820 


(800+?) 


721 


720 


715 


}12 


(800+?) 
35 


(800+?) 
35 


(800 + ?) 
34.8 


(800 + ?) 
34.5 


(800+?) 
34 


(800+2) 
34 


(800+ ?) 
33.5 


(800+?) 
33.3 


818 


(800+?) 
34 




714 


718 


33.5 


36.5 


36.5 


37 


732 


810 


815 


720 


735 


673 


703 


475 


476' 


484 


755 


769 


(800+ ?) 


},. 


805 


792 


753 


732 


752 


574 


701 


476 


475 


486 


752 


774 


(800+ '.) 


36 


37 


37 


36.3 


36 


36.1 


35.6 


35.2 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


36 




818 


792 


750 


832 


765 


745 


535 


776 


848 


756 


645 


517 


834 


1" 


835 


594 


773 


845 


732 


721 


544 


774 


825 


755 


660 


519 


829 


35.4 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.8 


35.9 


36 


36 


36.5 


37.5 


38.5 


40 




84C 


716 


700 


745 - 


713 


768 


790 


832 


792 


850 


834 


824 


860 


}» 


45 


46 


45.2 


45.1 


45 


45 


41 


43.5 


42 


45 


46 


48 


47 


950 


945 


955 


9G3 


954 


930 


930 


928 


910 


922 


943 


909 


924 


}.. 


910 


944 


970 


968 


950 


925 


934 


931 


905 


930 


945 


906 


922 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


35.3 


35.2 


35 


35 


36 


36.5 


30.5 


38 


39 




965 


950 


972 


845 


888 


953 


923 


822 


853 


962 


955 


941 


915 


<17 


978 


960 


958 


854 


868 


960 


917 


791 


861 


955 


953 


940 


930 


S 17 


33.2 


34 


34 


34 


34 


34 


35 


35 


35. 5 


35.5 


35. 5 


36 


36 




556 


553 


554 


554 


555 


555 


555 


557 


558 


711 


397 


405 


413 


}« 


553 


553 


553 


553 


555 


555 


555 


558 


. 559 


717 


402 


386 


410 


35. 5 


36 


36.2 


36.2 


36 


36 


36 


36 


35.5 


37 


39 


38.5 


38. 5 




502 


498 


590 


486 


444 


498 


461 


444 


428 


401 


472 


467 


498 


},. 


485 


486 


489 


488 


465 


505 


467 


450 


436 


409 


492 


464 


497 


35 


35 


35.2 


35 


34 


35 


36 


35 


35 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35. 5 




549 


496 


472 


509 


501 


507 


494 


535 


514 


476 


475 


472 


467 


(20 


510 


525 


479 


510 


492 


493 


492 


477 


515 


488 


470 


473 


454 


33 


32,8 


32.5 


32.2 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 




478 


540 


528 


522 


52R 


509 


518 


504 


517 


509 


515 


518 


528 


fa 


546 


538 


525 


527 


519 


504 


522 


500 


516 


512 


517 


516 


524 


31.2 


31.5 


31.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32.5 




538 


530 


534 


455 


530 


485 


531 


518 


503 


509 


522 


549 


538 


I tjt) 


545 


527 


532 


480 


525 


487 


512 


517 


505 


514 


520 


539 


543 


s* 


.30.2 


30.5 


31 


31 


31 


31 


30. 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


31 




528 


553 


539 


390 


325 


435 


453 


399 


422 


462 


529 


"525 


560 


£23 


541 


551 


552 


436 


395 


386 


481 


396 


419 


459 


518 


523 


567 


29 


29.5 


29.5 


29.8 


29 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


HO. 5 


31.5 




565 


562 


566 


555 


585 


561 


527 


558 


555 


552 


544 


541 


543 


I" 


544 


5GS 


57U 


565 


541 


570 


518 


555 


556 


548 


545 


544 


535 


30 


30 


30.2 


30.1 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


30 


31 




432 


465 


575 


570 


321 


522 


278 


378 


509 


516 


465 


522 


568 


( 05 


438 


44G 


585 


564 


293 


505 


295 


417 


501 


514, 


433 


508 


570 


/ -3 


29.2 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


31.5 




475 


450 


492 


536 


518 


535 


543 


541 


559 


550 


539 


542 


564 


>26 


464 


485 


495 


527 


496 


537 


541 


544 


532 


551 


535 


541 


570 


29.8 


29 


28.8 


29 


28 


29 


30 


30 


29 


29.5 


31 


32 


33. 5 




605 


514 


352 


382 


500 


513 


570 


530 


541 


559 


539 


551 


565 


U7 


655 


528 


297 


417 


501 


518 


503 


525 


542 


570 


542 


557 


568 


32.6 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


34.5 


34.5 


35.5 


30 




543 


542 


470 


514 


526 


501 


481 


466 


496 


530 


549 


557 


503 


* 28 


561 


540 


467 


509 


531 


495 


478 


465 


502 


529 


546 


556 


562 


36.2 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36.5 


36.5 


36.5 


37.5 


38. 5 




485 


279 


505 


453 


485 


530 


461 


499 


521 


548 


551 


559 


551 


j 29 


498 


425 


484 


430 


500 


527 


452 


496 


523 


546 


550 


555 


541 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 




475 


498 


535 


526 


515 


460 


479 


508 


544 


551 


504 


562 


555 


Izo 


470 


512 


547 


519 


528 


462 


478 


515 


542 


552 


570 


560 


563 


35 


34.8 


34.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34 


35 


35 


35 


35.5 


36.5 


36 
35.8 




33.8 


34.1 


34.0 


34.0 


33.7 


33.9 


33.8 


33.9 


33.9 


34.4 


34.9 


35.3 




526.6 


504.4 


508.4 


500.4 


487.4 


498.9 


480.4 


481.1 


496.9 


513.6 


509.5 


500.9 


529.1 





Monthly means: Temperature, 35°.l; readings 519.1 



486 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Broolce bifilar magnet 



[One division of scale = .0000719 



Date. 



0* 



Oct.l } 

Temperature 

Oct.2 £ 

Temperature 

Oct,3 | 

Temperature 

Oct, 4 £ 

Temperature 

Oct.5 £ 

Temperature 

Oct.fi $ 

Temperature 

Oct. 7 | 

Temperature 

Oct.8 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 9 i 

Temperature 

Oct. 10 J 

Temperature 

Oct.ll £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 12 5 

Temperature 

Oct. 13 J 

Temperature 

Oct. 14 J 

Temperature 

Oct. 15 5 

Temperature 

Oct. IS £ 

Temperature 

Oct, 17 | 

Temperature 

Oct, 18 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 19 *.$ 

Temperature 

Oct. 20 5 

Temperature - 

Oct, 21 $ 

Temperature 

Oct, 22 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 23 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 2+ £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 25 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 26 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 27 £ 

Temperature 

Oct.2S £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 29 £ 

Temperature 

Oct. 30 £ 

Temperature 

Oct, 31 £ 

Temperature 

Mean temperature .. 
Mean readings 



533 

557 

36 

595 



46.5 
551 
512 

41.5 
556 
563 

34.5 
542 
534 

31.5 
582 
578 

30 
555 
547 

28 
537 
518 

27 
520 
522 

26 
532 
515 

24.5 
570 
581 

25 
495 
485 

19.5 
488 
489 

18.5 
472 
470 

16 
468 
472 

17 
498 



27.5 
422 
453 

16 
474 
463 

11 
458 
4C4 

15 
470 
472 

14 
484 
483 

15 
487 
488 

13 
532 
530 

11.5 
431 
429 
8 
425 
422 

10.5 
424 
430 

12 
438 
436 
8 
444 
440 
3 
392 
442 

6.5 
400 
394 

0.5 
372 
.'175 

15.5 



578 



38 
584 
582 

45 
482 
526 

42 
497 
521 

34 
515 
512 

31 
550 
572 

30 
535 
532 

28 
524 
520 

27.5 
540 
586 

27.5 
527 
530 

24.5 
532 
510 

25 
550 
546 

19.5 
492 
488 

20.5 
450 
460 

17 
493 



20.5 
4C2 
458 

26 
592 
600 

17.5 
492 
498 

17.5 
472 
474 

15 
492 
494 

14.5 
488 
487 

16 
490 
488 

14 
551 
550 

12 
427 
425 

8.5 
424 
419 

10.5 
418 
419 

12.5 
436 
444 

8.5 

442 

438 

4 

372 

432 

7 

411 

410 

1 

410 

405 

18 



1 9. 
489. 2 



20.4 
494. 



2 i, 



594 



40 
587 
588 

45.5 
572 
583 

43 
493 
507 

33 
529 
550 

31 
583 
601 

30 
528 
535 

28.5 
531 
531 

27.5 
585 
564 

27 
522 
522 

26 
515 
500 

24 
522 
520 

19.5 
502 
507 

21 
455 
455 

19.5 
533 



23 

456 
490 

25 
483 
500 

18.5 
4S2 
490 

17.5 
463 
463 

15 
493 
493 

15.5 
485 
485 

16 
488 
490 

14.5 
422 
443 

12 
430 
427 

9.5 
428 
419 

11 
402 
364 

13 
440 
461 

9.5 
380 
367 
4 
438 
420 

7.5 
385 
387 
2 
432 
427 

18.5 



20. 9 
490.0 



601 



39.5 
598 
597 

45 
568 
564 

43 
510 
500 

32.5 
5C0 
554 ' 

32 
709 
718 

30 
514 
512 

28 
533 
535 

28 
551 
550 

29 
564 
557 

25.5 
555 
571 

24 
532 
537 

20 
470 
475 

22.5 
475 
467 

19 
542 



24 
422 
435 

24 
486 
475 

18 
480 
486 

13 
460 
463 

15 
496 
496 

35.5 
482 
482 

16 
481 
484 

14 
500 
518 

10 
416 
414 
9 
415 
424 ' 

11 
367 
364 

13 
436 
434 

9.5 

445 

422 

4 

415 

424 

8 

396 

433 

3 

449 

442 

19 



20. R 
498. 5 



•!'■ 



592 



40.5 
573 
574 

45 
6S8 
665 

45 
475 
498 

33 
561 
538 

34 
475 
451 

30 
526 
533 

28 
526 
532 

28 
528 
536 

28 
526 
541 

25.5 
567 
554 

23 
531 
533 

21 
463 
458 

21 
455 
449 

18 
544 



26 
375 
452 

22 
523 
562 

20 
465 
455 

13.5 
473 
470 

15 
504 
506 

15.5 
490 
491 

16.5 
489 
488 

15 
540 
526 

10 
510 
492 

9.5 
426 
445 

12 
457 
501 

13.5 
456 
460 

9.5 
536 
542 
2 
436 
439 

7.5 
424 
416 
4 
432 
416 

19.5 



565 



38 

578 
567 

43 
531 
573 

43 
578 
598 

32 
573 
588 

32 
358 
339 

29.5 
560 
531 

28 
544 
510 

28 
519 
529 

27.5 
560 
516 

25 
486 
505 

22 
546 
548 

21 
436 
430 

20 
455 
503 

18 
544 



23. 5 
450 
364 

20 
546 
524 

19.5 
474 
451 

14 
465 
464 

15 
500 
499 

15 
484 
486 

16 
504 
504 

14 
490 
506 

10 
376 
372 
9 
429 
444 

12 
439 
462 

12.5 
447 
452 

10 
374 
402 
1 
430 
441 

379 
361 
4 
423 
428 
19.5 



21.0 
504. 



20. 3 
485. 8 



6' 



600 



39.5 
620 
626 

44 
554 
573 

41 
588 
C03 

32 
614 
592 

31.5 
404 
398 

29 
505 
539 

28 
552 
557 

30 
539 
526 

26.5 
528 
545 

25 
556 
548 

23 
476 
480 

20 
452 
476 

18.5 
423 
434 

17 
489 



26 

530 
468 

17.5 
452 
454 

19 
479 
486 

13.5 
474 
480 

15 
4S8 
490 

15 
475 
480 

15.5 
504 
510 

14 
454 
489 
9 
385 
403 
9 
426 
394 

11 
456 
492 

12 

484 

471 

9 

353 

372 



390 

398 

7 

428 

422 

4 

416 

424 

19.5 



20. 

4, si). 



602 



40 
580 
578 

43 
452 
494 

39 
555 
559 

32 
555 
565 

30.5 
397 
409 

29 
530 
520 

27.5 
533 
534 

28.5 
49:3 
506 

25.5 
531 
555 

24 
466 
477 

21 
309 
327 

19 
459 
460 

17 
455 
440 

15.5 
456 



25.5 
449 
405 

17 
418 
415 

18 
522 
530 

13.5 
476 
485 

14.5 
482 
481 

15.5 
480 
480 

15 
550 
538 

13. 5 
396 
440 
8.5 

80 
102 
9.5 

83 

63 

10.5 
382 
308 

11.5 
348 
392 
8 
220 
240 
—1 
400 
401 

5. 5 
305 
409 
5 
410 
41.3 

20 



S h 



605 



41.5 
559 
542 

41 
480 
408 

38 
554 
525 

31 
513 
470 

30 
347 
327 

28 
497 
5»3 

2G. 5 
496 
535 

26.5 
490 
460 

24 
495 
525 

22. 5 
480 
494 

20 
5!8 
4S2 

17 
495 
530 

16 
412 
457 

14.5 
628 



500 
455 

14.5 
4G8 
440 

15 
465 
475 

12 
511 
497 

14 
474 
472 

14 
500 
4.39 

14 
508 
532 

13 
3S5 
41S 

5.5 
390 
378 
9 
309 
367 

10 
307 
429 

11 
3.34 
311 

6 5 
430 
451 

2 

460 
460 

4.5 
402 
391 
4 
400 
428 

19.5 



9* 



C06 



41 
587 
626 

40.5 
484 
490 

37 
475 
452 

30 
536 
577 

28.5 
230 
305 

27 
503 
530 

26 
538 
515 

25.5 
487 
476 

23 
532 
512 

21.5 
442 
495 

19 
501 
488 

16 
485 
478 

15 
405 
472 

13 
329 



530 
413 

13 

90 

89 

14 
398 
4S6 

11.5 
485 
472 

13.5 
484 
464 

13 
442 
482 

13 
535 
.317 

12.5 
420 
380 
4 
303 
310 
8.5 
(—40-?) 
318 

9.5 
428 
450 

1 0. 5 
291 
380 

5.5 
413 
399 
2 ■" 

297 ' 
320 

3.5 
3S1 
3.39 

4 
420 
422 
19.5 



19.4 
438. 4 



18.3 | 17.5 
408. 6 424. 6 



10'' 



615 



42 
549 
575 

40 
497 
500 

36 
396 
428 

30 
564 
593 

28 
250 
227 

27 
534 
522 

25 5 
537 
.314 

25 
508 
449 

23 
502 
497 

21 
485 
518 

18 
477 
432 

15 
505 
518 

14 
428 
430 

12.5 
283 



26 

260 
215 
12 
363 
407 

12.5 
449 
43S 
11 
473 
48S 
13 
461 
4C8 
13 
4S6 
481 
12.5 
508 
512 
12 
180 
(—40—?) 
3. 5 
261 
243 
8 
(-40-?) 
(-40—?) 
0.5 
417 
440 
10 
338 
410 

4.5 
372 
380 
—2. 5 
(-40-?) 
( — 40—?) 
2. 5 
302 
267 
■ 5 
410 
400 
19 



17.0 
390. 9 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



487 



omcter at Uglaatm'c, Alaska, October, 1S82. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



ll h 


Noon. 


13"' 


14* 


15 h 


10'' 


l 7 h 


18 h 


lit'' 


20 h 


2(h 


22 h 


23 h 


Date. 


551 


621 


C02 


610 


C15 


515 


580 


600 


018 


619 


625 


600 


617 


1 1 


42 


43 


43 


44 


45 


45 


44 


45 


46 


47 


46.5 


46.5 


48 




235 


243 


754 


T45 


312 


460 


549 


264 


322 


310 


500 


615 


354 


I 2 


185 


357 


780 


550 


298 


440 


546 


237 


382 


410 


472 


461 


402 


40 


41 


41 


41 


40 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40.5 


41 


41.5 




495 


461 


469 


534 


430 


410 


338 


498 


499 


485 


495 


501 


503 


I 3 


470 


487 


448 


527 


450 


412 


351 


515 


522 


508 


.486 


490 


505 


30 


35.5 


35 


35 


34 


35 


35 


34 


32 


32.5 


32. 5 


33 


33 




551 


320 


443 


470 


470 


501 


278 


262 


(^10—?) 


352 


455 


482 


590 


\ * 


498 


182 


421 


462 


439 


504 


221 


282 


(-40—?) 


374 


449 


500 


570 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


31 


32 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 




548 


530 


475 


482 


540 


500 


395 


545 


360 


142 


315 


372 


725 


\ 5 


563 


510 


481 


465 


511 


491 


383 


550 


289 


157 


332 


379 


750 


28 


27 


27.5 


27.5 


27 


27 


28 


28 


28 


28.5 


29 


29.5 


29.5 




385 


190 


510 


(—40-?) 


422 


485 


480 


400 


542 


509 


600 


572 


503 


\ 6 


440 


203 


475 


(—40—?) 


455 


502 


424 


415 


553 


535 


570 


564 


555 


27 


27.5 


27.5 


27.5 


27 


28 


29 


29 


28.5 


28.5 


28 


28 


28 




492 


512 


495 


471 


445 


473 


518 


468 


475 


510 


485 


516 


507 


I 7 


518 


526 


510 


483 


471 


476 


482 


454 


403 


518 


479 


504 


496 


25.5 


26 


26 


26 


26 


26 


26 


27 


26.5 


26.5 


26.5 


27 


27 




520 


515 


506 


496 


450 


485 


473 


468 


489 


430 


442 


512 


520 


\ 8 


523 


. 485 


487 


490 


479 


489 


469 


475 


493 


465 


437 


517 


518 


25 


24.5 


24 


24 


23 


24 


24 


24 


23.5 


23.5 


24 


24 


25 




486 


460 


474 


490 


465 


425 


459 


504 


511 


445 


339 


310 


503 


I 9 


495 


473 


485 


497 


481 


440 


457 


505 


516 


419 


400 


302 


535 


23 


23 


23 


22.5 


22 


22 


23 


23 


23 


23 


23 


24 


24 




450 


210 


470 


482 


440 


491 


430 


388 


250 


62 


183 


470 


511 


|io 


460 


173 


490 


468 


490 


480 


450 


340 


182 


53 


344 


407 


530 


20.5 


21 


21 


20.5 


20 


21 


21 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


20 


21 




435 


442 


434 


428 


412 


311 


509 


403 


9? 


352 


420 


488 


500 


}» 


460 


485 


450 


452 


387 


315 


530 


384 


120 


401 


432 


492 


500 


38 


18 


18 


17 


17 


18 


18 


18 


17.5 


17.5 


18.5 


19 


19.5 




435 


510 


486 


468 


465 


418 


391 


460 


462 


479 


462 


480 


478 


] 12 


405 


518 


490 


495 


475 


427 


382 


496 


458 


445 


471 


477 


476 


15 ' 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15.5 


15 


15 


14 


14 


14 


15 


16 




472 


478 


480 


475 


460 


422 


370 


427 


439 


465 


462 


474* 


484 


V* 


485 


481 


469 


482 


456 


408 


371 


422 


459 


409 


472 


408 


478 


14 


14 


14 


14 


13.5 


14 


13.5 


13.5 


13 


12.5 


12 


12 


14.5 




489 


250 


345 


435 


301 


390 


261 


80 


135 


150 


480 


479 


480 


\u 


465 


205 


353 


442 


315 


379 


239 


73 


125 


1 


482 


470 


468 


12 


12 


12 


11.5 


11 


11 


11 


11.5 


13 


12.5 


13 


14 


17 




350 


267 


255 


359 


401 


363 


260 


419 


458 


464 


483 


479 


471 


\ 15 


26 


25.5 


26 


26 


25 


26.5 


27 


26.5 


26 


24.5 


25 


26 


27.5 




240 


375 


493 


490 


460 


410 


411 


392 


190 


320 


470 


399 


415 


|l6 


225 


325 


479 


498 


476 


411 


440 


381 


263 


310 


452 


364 


420 


12 


12 


13 


14 


14.5 


14.5 


14 


14.5 


14.5 


13.5 


13.5 


14 


15 




430 


485 


522 


405 


379 


404 


471 


482 


410 


415 


430 


422 


462 


J IT 


463 


472 


518 


400 


380 


413 


522 . 


458 


412 


420 


419 


453 


465 


12 


11.5 


1L 


11 


11 


11.5 


11.5 


11.5 


11.5 


11 


11 


10 


11 




85 


407 


468 


425 


407 


451 


464 


471 


452 


459 


428 


450 


462 


Sl8 


185 


465 


460 


428 


413 


460 


465 


460 


450 


456 


445 


443 


462 


11.5 


12 


12 


12.5 


12.5 


13 


13.5 


14 


14 


14.5 


14 


14.5 


15 




450 


482 


465 


400 


453 


439 


330 


432 


470 


463 


469 


467 


473 


1 10 


475 


487 


4b8 


367 


442 


437 


334 


450 


475 


480 


472 


471 


467 


13 


13 


13. 5 


13 


13 


13.5 


14 


14.5 


14 


14 


14 


13.5 


14 




482 


483 


480 


460 


460 


459 


471 


468 


466 


459 


472 


479 


478 


?20 


465 


485 


483 


472 


422 


465 


400 


472 


465 


461 


482 


480 


480 


13 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


14 


14 


14.5 


14 


14 




465 


480 


450 


402 


465 


478 


434 


460 


452 


467 


480 


482 


481 


In 


400 ' 


484 


485 


440 


448 


464 


421 


460 


469 


485 


479 


480 


480 


12.5 


12.5 


12 


11.5 


11 


10.5 


10 


10.5 


11 


11 


11 


11 


11 




402 


325 


40.3 


484 


481 


458 


241 


350 


304 


120 


185 


312 


372 


1 22 


473 


215 


482 


479 


484 


440 


250 


405 


289 


182 


169 


270 


375 


11.5 


12 


12.5 


12.5 


12.5 


12.5 


12.5 


12 


12 


12 


11.5 


11.5 


11.5 




290 


400 


382 


428 


386 


391 


361 


411 


439 


422 


420 


421 


431 


J 23 


382 


426 


390 


433 


377 


411 


363 


403 


433 


415 


429 


425 


430 


3.5 


3.5 


4.5 


5 


5.5 


5 


5.5 


5.5 


6 


6.5 


6.5 


7 


7 




410 


458 


260 


75 


92 


405 


401 


420 


365 


389 


415 


409 


425 


\ U 


440 


392 


249 


122 


93 


448 


403 


408 


360 


395 


419 


412 


430 


8 


9 


9 


9 


9 


10 


11.5 


12 


11.5 


12 


12 


12 


10.5 




305 


455 


448 


459 


409 


378 


362 


410 


349 


362 


380 


392 


440 


?25 


332 


463 


440 


472 


416 


386 


365 


428 


372 


370 


400 


409 


442 


9.5 


9.5 


10 


10 


10 


10.5 


10.5 


11.5 


11.5 


11 


11 


11 


11 




430 


425 


302 


435 


382 


278 


- 359 


240 


305 


340 


372 


382 


432 


[26 


385 


410 


255 


405 


345 


295 


350 


226 


345 


369 


380 


393 


428 


10 


9.5 


9 


8.5 


8.5 


8.5 


8 


8.5 


8.5 


7.5 


7.5 


7.5 


7.5 




420 


405 


378 


410 


355 


430 


436 


235 


320 


401 


3S4 


345 


435 


} 27 


372 


427 


398 


400 


366 


432 


439 


239 


339 


399 


395 


350 


440 


4.5 


4 


4 


4 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3 


3.5 


3 


2.5 


2 


2.5 




380 


384 


310 


25 


190 


269 


329 


285 


82 


202 


63 


350 


364 


?28 


372 


386 


349 


54 


222 


193 


349 


253 


120 


110 


89 


302 


367 


. 2 


—0.5 





1 


2 


2.5 


3 


3 


5 


5 


5 


5 


5.5 




(-40-?) 


250 


448 


332 


334 


382 . 


260 


185 


82 


301 


385 


390 


386 


J 29 


(—40-?) 


240 


427 


278 


374 


400 


247 


86 


95 


349 


355 


335 


394 


2.5 


1.5 


0.5 


—0.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


2 


—2.5 


—2 


—1 




350 


55 


235 


272 


285 


343 


280 


362 


292 


372 


390 


383 


399 


?30 


363 


284 


218 


243 


273 


328 


318 


370 


254 


375 


400 


372 


400 


5. 5 


7 


8 


9 


9 


8.5 


7 


7.5 


6 


6.5 


7.5 


9 


12 




405 


453 


435 


371 


360 


410 


402 


377 


259 


326 


400 


410 


405 


J 31 


432 


480 


375 


355 


398 


404 


400 


380 


384 


392 


391 


309 


414 


19 


19 


20 


20 


19.5 


19 


18.5 


19 


19 


19.5 


20.5 


20.5 


20.5 




17.0 


17.2 


17.3 


17.3 


17.1 


17.4 


17.5 


17.6 


17.5 


17.4 


17.5 


17.7 


18.4 




404.9 


401.1 


412.1 


405. 9 


406.1 


420.3 


396.4 


390.5 


354.4 


377.5 


419.5 


441.5 


474.8 





Monthly means: Temperature, 18°.4; readings, 437.8 



488 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet 

[One division of scale = .0000719 to November C, after this date 



Bate. 



Nov. 1 J 



Temperature .. 
Nov. 2 | 

Temperatn re 

Nov.3 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 4 i 

Temperature 

Nov. 5 < 

Temperature 

Nov. 6 $ 

Temperature 

Nov. 7 £ 

Temperature 

Nov. 8 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 9 S 

Temperature 

Nov. 10 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 11 i 

Temperature 

Nov. 12 i 

Temperature * 

Nov.13 £ 

Temperature 

Nov. 14 £ 

Temperature 

Nov. 15.. £ 

Temperature 

Nov. 16 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 17 j 

Temperature 

Nov. 18 $ 

Temperature 

Nov. 19 i 

Temperature .- 

Nov. 20 5 

Temperature 

Nov. 21 5 

Temperature 

Nov 22 5 

Temperature 

Nov.23 5 

Temperature 

Nov. 24 5 

Temperature 

Nov. 25 $ 

Temperature 

Nov. 26 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 27 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 28 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 29 | 

Temperature 

Nov. 30 | 

Temperature 



Mean temperature. . . 
Mean readings 



0" 



395 
400 
20.5 
398 



22.5 
381 . 
377 

7.5 
395 
402 
10 
391 
395 

5 
392 
382 

5 



540 
483 

3.5 
540 
520 

7.5 
548 
554 
17.5 
473 
470 
24 
585 
768 

9.5 
620 
619 
—5 
579 
603 
—10.5 
388 
322 
—10.5 
539 

""o*5 
571 

530 
—7.5 

-40—?) 



(- 
(—40 


382 
183 

1.5 
420 
426 


344 
384 

5.5 
442 
478 

6.5 
447 
450 

11.5 
462 
484 

3.5 
503 
498 
—3.5 
588 
563 
—3 
561 
621 
—6.5 
503 
500 
—2.5 
493 
493 
—1.5 
494 
488 
—1.5 



3.8 

459.1 



408 



24 
398 
430 

18.5 
380 
393 

7.5 
374 
364 

11.5 
395 
398 
5 
351 
358 



573 
509 

3.5 
493 
483 

8 
453 
468 
18 
409 
470 
23.5 
636 
587 

8.5 
628 
620 
—4 
550 
54S 
—10.5 
600 



—10 
418 
550 

2 

473 

507 

—6.5 

358 

226 


795 
538 

1.5 
268 
367 

0.5 
488 
495 

6 
472 
510 

6.5 
463 
519 
11 
463 
467 

4 
483 
488 
—4 
558 
573 
—2.5 
532 
550 
—5.5 
535 
528 
—1.5 
482 
486 
—1 
493 
489 
—0.5 



3.9 

418. 8 



429 



503 
526 
16 
392 
384 

7.5 
384 
370 
14 
403 
406 

5.5 
407 
405 

5 



482 
500 

3.5 
525 
525 

8.5 
486 
500 
"19 
405 
470 
23 
660 
673 

8.5 
583 
590 
—4 
570 
568 
—10 
633 



—7.5 

476 

466 

—3.5 

593 

600 

— 5. 5 

98 
114 

0.5 
563 
584 

1.5 
-40—?) 
-40—?) 

0.5 
523 
540 

6.5 
437 
470 

7 
457 
443 
10 
496 
503 

4 
592 
663 
—4.5 
555 
710 
—2.5 



—5 
537 
540 
— 1. 
485 
480 
—1 
480 
476 




a* 



432 



26 
441 
342 

14 
401 
389 

6.5 
392 
395 

15 
382 
384 

4.5 
431 
439 

4.5 
523 
445 

11 
525 
533 
3 
524 
524 

8.5 
564 
542 

20 
470 
473 

22 
659 
672 
8 
609 
594 
—5 
573 
576 
—10 
740 



-1) 



—9.5 
491 
503 
—4 
521 
566 
—4.5 
104 
82 

1 
683 
749 

1.5 
02 
(—40- 

0.5 
548 
469 

6.5 
554 
450 

7 
461 
470 
10 
435 
436 

3 
536 
478 
—5 
541 
525 
—3 
577 
567 
—5 
508 
510 
—1 . 
498 
503 
—0.5 
489 
481 

0.5 



4.1 
477.0 



4.2 

480.1 



475 



26 

387 
405 

15 
422 
378 
7 
408 
407 

15. 5 
396 
403 
6 
466 
425 

4.5 
492 
497 

10 
533 
540 
5 
558 
564 

10 
499 
494 

21 
485 
497 

22 
652 
670 
7 
642 
661 
—6 
693 
700 
—11 
782 



—7 

520 

548 

—4.5 

555 

550 

—4 

148 

192 

1 
589 
574 

1.5 
289 
293 

1 
539 
515 

7.5 
473 
477 

7 
465 
470 
ll 
463 
468 

3 
541 
569 
—5 
621 
580 
—3 
579 
546 
—4.5 
522 
525 
—0.5 
53.5 
536 
—0.5 
496 
495 

1.5 



4.0 

508. 



430 



27 
361 
378 
15 
401 
397 

6.5 
450 
407 
15.5 
394 
397 

5.5 
425 
431 

4.5 
480 
510 

8 
530 
528 

4.5 
542 
558 

9.5 
564 
495 
22 
460 
481 
20.5 
690 
662 

5.5 
430 
443 
—6.5 
571 
575 
—10.5 
990 



—7.5 
526 
553 
—5 
498 
546 
—4 
-40—?) 
156 

I 
523 
397 

1.5 
300 
322 

1 
449 
459 

6 
448 
449 

7 
410 
403 
11 
506 
519 

1.5 
569 
58S 
—4 
535 
503 
—3 
573 
581 
—4 
508 
503 
—1 
572 
561 

1 
501 
499 

1.5 



4.3 
485.3 



6' 



452 



27.5 
378 
376 
14.5 
430 
446 

6 
423 
419 
14 
402 
391 

5.5 
412 
407 

5 
487 
495 

8.5 
561 
564 

4 
526 
530 

9.5 
498 
496 
23 
488 
502 
20 
763 
737 

4.5 
347 
356 
—6 
584 
608 
—10.5 
818 



—5.5 

476 

551 

—6 

476 

576 

—3.5 

348 

415 

1.5 
(—40—?) 
(—40-?) 

2 
(—40— ?) 
(-40-?) 

2.5 
455 
456 

5 
463 
480 

8 
449 
451 
10 
503 
539 

1 
576 
583 
—1.5 
531 
540 
—2.5 
498 
491 
—4 
544 
535 
— I 
537 
528 

1 
523 
533 



438 



27 
385 
365 

13 
400 
428 

5 
368 
398 
12 
415 
380 

4.5 
398 
418 

4 
470 
494 

7 
433 
426 

3 
551 
546 

8.5 
493 
479 
23.5 
492 
488 
18.5 
603 
593 

3 
298 
363 
—7.5 
598 
604 
—12 
640 



—6.5 
525 

528 

—7 

567 

528 

—4.5 

401 

250 

0.5 
495 
515 

0.5 
(-40-?) 
(-40-?) 

2 
405 
421 

4.5 
373 
345 

7.5 
348 
423 

9 
4§2 
518 


524 
478 
-1 
493 
506 
—3.5 
549 
520 
— 5 
526 
536 
—2.5 
517 
537 
—0.5 
521 
529 

1 



460 



28.5 
390 
375 
11 
397 
399 

4 
354 
389 
10 
421 
415 

3.5 
391 
402 

3.5 
520 
528 

5.5 
492 
479 

1.5 
450 
452 

7 
478 
476 
24 
522 
488 
16.5 
590 
740 

2 
463 
467 
—9.5 
557 
416 
—13 
460 



(— 



— :>. ti 

610 

582 

— S. 5 

564 

541 

362 ' 
264 


342 
369 
—0. 5 
40—?) 
>0 

0.5 
544 
526 

2.5 
344 
392 

406 
476 
8 
513 
492 
—0.5 
484 
479 
—1 
599 
483 
—4.5 
458 
451 

4 OS 
477 
—3.5 
456 
4S7 
—1.5 
409 
573 




9» 



469 



29.5 
360 
398 
10 
355 
383 

3. 5 
409 
358 

8.5 
420 
400 

3 
355 
418 

3 
456 
472 

5 
521 
502 

1 
589 
527 

6.5 
478 
476 
24 
526 
512 
15.5 
450 
492 

(-10-?) 

350 

—10. 5 

472 

540 

—14 

(1040+?) 



—9 
501 
501 
—9 
550 
540 
—6 
269 
153 

15 
217 
—1 

(-40-?) 


444 
429 

2.5 
315 
314 

7 
280 
312 _ 

7. 5 
440 
458 
—1 
536 
538 
—1.5 
541 
488 
—0 
595 
561 

13C 

135 
—4. 5 
539 
528 
— 2. 5 
401 
4S0 
—0. 5 



10 h 



290 



29.5 

408 
360 

9.5 
309 
387 

3 
370 
428 

7 
385 
421 

2.5 
411 
385 

2.5 
415 
410 

4.5 
308 
2S5 

1 
457 
472 

6 
474 
474 
24.5 
504 
528 

14.5 
580 
640 



85 

-40—?) 

—11.5 

•151 

479 

—14. 5 

063 



—7 

60S 

688 

—9. 5 

541 

478 

—0 
(-40—!) 
(-4i'-0 

—1 

420 

314 

o 

(—40—!) 
(-40—?) 

—1 

402 

442 
1.5 

340 

306 
8 

472 

403 
7 

304 

322 

—1 

555 

555 

o 

485 

476 

—7 

372 

436 

—5 

551 

488 

— 5 

470 

483 

—3 

477 

473 

—0. 5 



4.5 i 
407. 8 



452. (I 



1.9 

418.3 



1.5 

402.2 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



489 



ometer at Uglaa/mie, Alaska., November, 18S2. 

. 000740; average for month .0000743 part of the horizontal force.! 



11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14b 


15 h 


16 h 


IT 1 ' 


18 l 


19 h 


20 h 


21* 


22* 


23 h 


Date. 


479 


440 


405 


411 


10 


120 


392 


376 


292 


320 


406 


398 


399 


I 1 


29.5 


29.5 


29 


28 


26 


25.5 


30 


28.5 


29 


27.5 


26 


25 


23.5 




350 


95 


363 


400 


375 


368 


345 


388 


402 


352 


305 


399 


400 


\ 2 


328 


110 


360 


412 


373 


366 


373 


369 


399 


390 


350 


355 


395 


9.5 


10 


10 


30.5 


11 


11 


11.5 


12 


11.5 


9 


8.5 


7 


7 




398 


405 


390 


360 


180 


397 


386 


399 


335 


390 


382 


369 


400 


\ 3 


3G0 


395 


355 


371 


185 


415 


398 


399 


365 


425 


401 


392 


385 


3 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3.5 


3 


2.5 


2 


7 




425 


386 


368 


362 


370 


365 


366 


394 


399 


388 


392 


389 


389 


I 4 


382 


389 


343 


378 


368 


384 


367 


382 


395 


390 


384 


393 


3S7 


7 


0.5 


6.5 


6 


5.5 


5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 




432 


418 


351 


380 


309 


388 


386 


399 


394 


362 


244 


250 


350 


) _ 


380 


415 


404 


389 


369 


379 


387 


397 


399 


354 


223 


272 


373 


i ° 


2 5 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2.5 


3 


3.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 




415 


390 


410 


400 


416 


398 


340 


315 


299 


402 


382 


410 




\ ° 


382 


394 


375 


394 


370 


382 


349 


293 


255 


409 


400 


395 




2. 5 


2 


1.5 


1.5 


1.5 


2 


1.5 


2 


2.5 


2 


1.5 


1.5 






305 


506 


544 


501 


268 


423 


(—40—?) 


430 


315 


462 


514 


522 


430 


I 7 


S47 


509 


554 


498 


249 


399 


185 


358 


370 


520 


440 


465 


470 


4 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4 


3. 5 


3.0 


3.5 




350 


415 


44 1 


75 


369 


447 


413 


371 


382 


445 


405 


470 


509 


\ 8 


382 


416 


449 


123 


371 


450 


408 


354 


378 


440 


412 


476 


503 


0.5 


1.5 


2 


2.5 


3.5 


4 


4.5 


5 


0.5 


6.5 


6.5 


6.5 


7.5 




400 


408 


425 


220 


120 


323 


250 


(-40-?) 


10 


42 


273 


500 


510 


\ ° 


335 


372 


408 


278 


241 


320 


237 


50 


(-40—?) 


110 


305 


488 


515 


5. 5 


6 


6.5 


7 


7.5 


8.5 


10 


10.5 


12 


13.5 


15.5 


16 


17.5 




432 


474 


470 


396 


489 


432 


452 


440 


470 


477 


474 


467 


449 


ho 


439 


473 


405 


392 


481 


420 


454 


445 


459 


475 


473 


472 


444 


24. 5 


25.5 


26 


26 


20.5 


26.5 


26.5 


27 


27 


26.5 


26 


25. 5 


24. 5 




587 


539 


550 


558 


561 


481 


519 


425 


508 


512 


521 


353 


554 


'11 


574 


530 


556 


567 


559 


475 


512 


405 


499 


530 


508 


382 


559 


14.5 


14 


14 


14 


13.5 


13 


12.5 


12 


11.5 


11.5 


11 


10.5 


10 




305 


563 


591 


314 


404 


340 


65 


35 


544 


300 


620 


009 


673 


|l2 


332 


528 


035 


370 


395 


505 


(-40-?) 


231 


623 


402 


639 


703 


640 


—I 


—2 


—3 


—4 


—4. 5 


— 5 


—6 


— 5 


■ — 5. 5 


—6 


— 5. 5 


—5.5 


— 5 




350 


326 


212 


105 


258 


250 


455 


(-40-?) 


40 


280 


502 


280 


130 


1 13 


495 


Soo 


237 


156 


110 


120 


440 


(-40-?) 


120 


532 


520 


340 


108 


—12 


—12 


—12. 5 


—12 


—11.5 


—12. 5 


— 12.5 


—11 


—12 


— 12 


—12 


—11 


—11 




74 


418 


405 


479 


240 


100 


382 


3C0 


178 


30 


92 


310 


430 


hi 


(-40-?) 


345 


413 


478 


115 


175 


405 


29S 


199 


(-40-?) 


99 


235 


500 


— 10 


— 15 


— 15. 5 


—10 


—16.5 


—16.5 


—10.5 


—16 


—16 


— 1 5. 5 


—15 


-12.5 


—11.5 




470 


490 


321 


453 


420 


482 


443 


270 


296 


421 


473 


483 


510 


[15 


—7 


—5.5 


—6.5 


—6 


— 5. 5 


— 5 


—I 


—3. 5 


—2.5 


—2 


-1 


—0.5 







485 


508 


622 


4!8 


409 


507 


415 


482 


472 


463 


480 


479 


530 


Jig 


537 


590 


626 


435 


408 


505 


461 


463 


487 


492 


495 


452 


552 


• — 11 


—10. 5 


— 9. 5 


—9 


—9 


—9 


—9 


■ — 7 


—9 


—9 


—9 


—8.0 


—7. 5 




488 


225 


310 


229 


110 


(-40-?) 


100 


(-40-?) 


74 


202 


(—40-?) 


662 


450 


'17 


275 


65 


283 


492 


165 




120 


(—40—?) 


288 


10 


5 


119 


493 


— «. 5 


4.5 




—4 


—3. 5 


—4 


—4 


2 


—3 


—2.5 


—1.5 


—1 


—0. 5 




55 


(-40—?) 


351)' 


390 


353 


398 


438 


283 


29 


63 


522 


365 


139 


\ I8 


14 


(-40—?) 


334 


399 


190 


340 


518 


200 


(—40—?) 


03 


488 


192 


135 


— 1 


0. 5 





—1 


—1 


—£.5 


' 


1 


1 








0.5 


0. 5 




315 


390 


15 


(—40—?) 


170 


391 


571 


422 


402 


444 


525 


578 


600 


|l9 


27C 


425 


03 


(-40-?) 


240 


220 


293 


433 


360 


410 


489 


623 


275 


— 2 


— 2 


_2 


o 


2 


2 


2 


—1 





0.5 


0.5 


0.5 


0.5 




(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


(-10-') 


35 


508 


335 


7l'0 


(-40-?) 


192 


120 


152 


413 


382 


f 20 


(—40—?) 


65 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


538 


281 


701 


05 


210 


202 


110 


442 


356 


—0.5 


—1 


—1 


—1.5 


—I 


—1 


-1 





1 


2 


3 


4 


4.5 




405 


450 


351 


313 


424 


248 


(—40— ?) 


(-40-?) 


40 


(-40-?) 


372 


532 


256 


I 21 


440 


452 


379 


232 


410 


241 


(— 19— '.) 


(-40-?) 


120 


(_40— ?) 


388 


519 


380 


1 


1.5 


1 


1.5 


1.5 


2 


2.5 


3 


4 


5 


5.5 


6 







491 


442 


412 


418 


393 


355 


350 


398 


306 


432 


332 


429 


470 


( 90 


498 


447 


411 


418 


392 


373 


379 


407 


397 


438 


339 


417 


437 




9 


10.5 


11.5 


11.5 


11.5 


12 


12 


12.5 


12 


12 


12 


11.5 


11.5 




(-40-?) 


295 


174 


98 


20 


253 


268 


220 


202 


425 


312 


442 


470 


^23 


(— 4C-?) 


352 


253 


218 


(—40-?) 


283 


2S4 


222 


220 


447 


320 


444 


450 


G 


0.5 


6.5 


6.5 


6 


6 


5. 5 


5. 5 


5.5 


5.5 


5.5 


5 


4.5 




538 


463 


365 


230 


354 


402 


241 


324 


402 


386 


445 


420 


437 


| 24: 


502 


488 


368 


152 


378 


359 


259 


324 


415 


375 


419 


352 


450 


—0. 5 


0.5 


0.5 


1 


1 


0.5 


0.5 





—1 


—1.5 


—1.5 


-1.5 


—3 




570 


414 


05 


350 


314 


(-40—.') 


253 


80 


342 


234 


300 


482 


492 


[25 


550 


422 


(-40-?) 


288 


318 


110 


432 


30 


373 


250 


205 


532 


513 


— 2. 5 


—3 


—3. 5 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—3 


-4 


—4 


— 3. 5 


—3 


—3. 5 




40 '. 


539 


470 


458 


502 


272 


291 


220 


472 


412 


359 


382 


590 


]-26 


410 


520 


504 


394 


484 


307 


329 


393 


440 


408 


409 


342 


612 


—7.5 


—7.5 


—8 


—8 


—8 


—8 


—8 


—8 


—8.5 


—8 


—8 


— 7 


—6.5 




214 


507 


428 


467 


467 


304 


264 


339 


311 


512 


430 


515 


505 


?27 


405 


012 


429 


464 


480 


301 


268 


350 


282 


51G 


446 


535 


449 


— 5 


— 5 


—4. 5 


—4. 5 


—3.5 


—4 


—4.5 


—3.5 


—4 


--t 


—3.5 


—3 


—3 




485 


357 


408 


390 


459 


489 


422 


460 


429 


458 


492 


499 


490 


? 28 


459 


398 


390 


384 


438 


490 


420 


443 


434 


470 


501 


490 


490 


-5 


—5 


—5 


—4.5 


—5 


—4.5 


—4. 5 


—3.5 


—3 


—2.5 


— 2 





—1.5 




505 


485 


446 


490 


457 


481 


501 


490 


496 


498 


484 


480 


474 


J 29 


520 


510 


451 


482 


405 


481 


502 


499 


493 


492 


486 


482 


477 


—3 


—3.5 


—3.5 


—4 


—4 


—3.5 


—3.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—2 


, 


—1.5 




502 


502 


452 


438 


470 


450 


545 


445 


462 


465 


470 


440 


435 


?30 


545 


497 


459 


436 


456 


458 


553 


433 


439 


442 


488 


469 


380 


—0.5 


—0.5 


—0. 5 


-0.5 


—0. 5 








1 


1 


1.5 


3 


2.5 


2 




1.3 


1.0 


1.5 


1.5 


1.5 


3.5 


1.7 


2.3 


2.3 


2. 3 


2.5 


2.6 


2.9 




372. 7 


396. 3 


308.7 


340. 7 


335.9 


335. 5 


349.4 


284.6 


322. 7 


342. 4 


388.3 


431. 2 


439.7 





H. Ex. 44- 



-02 



Monthly means : Temperature, 2°. 7; readings, 40S.1 



490 



EXPEDITION" TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broole bifilar magnet 



[One division of scale = .0000749 



Date. 



2 b 



3" 



41, 



6" 



»» 



10 b 



Temperature 

Dec. 25 

Temperature 

Dec.2C 

Temperature 

Dec. 27 



Dec.l \ 

Temperature 

Dec. 2 I 

Temperature 

Dec.3 [ 

Temperature 

Dec. 4 \ 

Temperature 

Dec. 5 I 

Temperature 

Dec.6 £ 

Temperature 

Dec.7 J 

Temperature 

Dec.8 [ 

Temperature 

Dec.9 £ 

Temperature 

Dec. 10 £ 

Temperature 

Dec.ll \ 

Temperature 

Dec. 1.2 ^ 

Temperature 

Dec.l?. I 

Temperature 

Dec. 14 £ 

Temperature 

Dec. 15. I 

Temperature 

Dec. 16 $ 

Temperature 

Dec.17 £ 

Temperature 

Dec. 18 | 

Temperature 

Dec,19 $ 

'J'emperatnre 

Dec. 20 £ 

Temperature 



Dec.21 

Temperature 

Dec. 22 

Temperature 

Dec. 23. 

Temperature 

Dec. 24 



I 

Temperature 

Dec. 28 I 

Temperature 

Dec. 29 i 

Temperature 

Dec. 30 | 

Temperature 

Dec. 31 i 

Temperature 



MO 

552 

2 

320 



500 



14 
482 
484 

501 
503 
—1 
465 
518 
—4 
528 
538 
—5.5 
502 
498 

0.5 
520 
511 
—3.5 
508 
507 
—5 
524 
5-'0 
—9. 5 
527 
523 
—9.5 
535 
546 
—6 
520 
507 
—12.5 
496 
487 
—6.5 
503 
503 
—9.5 
426 



3.5 

478 

498 

—9.5 

492 

494 

—9.5 

486 

490 
—14 

511 

525 
—15.5 

433 

490 
—15 

531 

534 
—11 

520 

500 
—14.5 

528 

523 
—16.5 

490 

493 
—20.5 

483 

456 
—11 

389 

460 

402 

453 
—12. 5 

4>3 

452 

—9.5 

443 

452 

—8.5 

453 

413 
—14.5 



Mean temperature. .. 
Mean read : u scs 



—7.8 
487.9 



4.5 
446 
400 
11.5 
492 
489 


480 
480 
—1.5 
511 
523 
—4 
530 
523 
—5.5 
485 
491 

1.5 
520 
493 
—5 
504 
500 
—5 
573 
640 
—9.5 
534 
532 
—8.5 
567 
600 
—7 
523 
532 
—13 
493 
494 
—6 
507 



—4 

400 

403 


507 

523 

—9.5 

527 

530 

—9.5 

596 

583 
—14 

503 

504 
—15. 5 

396 

425 

542 

548 
—10.5 

510 

500 
—14.5 

523 

522 
—16.5 

492 

495 
—21 

463 

456 
—10 

448 

415 

510 

498 

—11.5 

457 
448 
—8 
450 
410 
—8. 5 
540 
520 
—13. 5 



482 



521 



485 



503 



518 



500.7 



6.5 

463 
530 
10.5 
492 
510 

0.5 
508 
514 
—1.5 
506 
505 
—3.5 
548 
540 
—5.5 
487 
4P5 

3 
563 
540 
—6 
501 
500 

522 
543 
—9.5 
530 
532 
—8.5 
595 
628 
—7.5 
548 
539 
—13 
494 
490 
—6 
503 



—1 

570 

540 

—1.5 

548 

542 

—8.5 

523 

515 

—9 

548 

591 
—14 

507 

505 
— 15. 5 

438 

440 
—12.5 

538 

523 
—10.5 

564 

570 
—13.5 

503 

500 
—16 

468 

483 
—21 

460 

458 

—9.5 

402 

465 

—6 

4S1 

514 
—11 

461 

453 

—5 

523 

535 

—8.5 

520 

490 
—13 



—7.1 
513.3 



G.5 

475 
449 

9.5 
470 
476 

1 
584 
567 
—1 
523 
537 
—4 
524 
519 
—5 
490 
495 

3.5 
514 
502 
—6.5 
509 
507 
—4.5 
526 
538 
—9.5 
537 
531 
—8 
534 
552 
—8 
531 
525 
—12.5 
502 
506 
—6 
504 




659 
738 

2. 

524 
525 
—8 
503 



595 

602 
—14.5 

531 

534 
—15.5 

450 

447 
—12 

530 

524 
—10.5 

521 

528 
—13 

532 

533 
—16 

501 

496 
—21.5 

451 

448 

—9. 5 

449 

451 

—6 

504 

511 
—11.5 

436 

449 

-3 

488 

502 



400 
—13 



9 

466 
439 

8.5 
495 
491 

2 
502 
526 
—1 
511 
514 
—4 
515 
516 
—4.5 
521 
524 

3.5 
524 
525 
—5.5 
520 
509 
—3 
553 
554 
—9 
531 
531 
—7 
569 
590 
—7.5 
529 
522 
—12 
502 
500 
■ — 5 
510 



7 
458 
464 

7.5 
511 
519 

2.5 
537 
524 
—2 
523 
519 
—3 
517 
516 
—4.5 
504 
502 

3.5 
485 
512 
—6.5 
530 
530 
—3 
541 
549 
—9 
552 
553 
—7 
587 



534 
536 
—12 
492 
486 
—6 
449 



8.5 
465 
454 

6 
523 
520 

2.5 
537 
555 
—3 
505 
512 
—3 
511 
514 
—5 
491 
486 

3.5 
499 
529 
—7.5 
544 
559 
—4 
547 
561 
—9.5 
535 
523 
—7 
562 
556 
—8 
541 
530 
—12.5 
491 
498 
—6.5 
490 



500 
468 

5 
518 
508 

2 
545 
562 
—3.5 
488 
538 
—4 
530 
501 
—6 
.470 
468 

3 
520 
524 
—8 
500 
505 
—4.5 
546 
540 
—9.5 
584 
564 

501 
539 
—9 
525 
522 
— 11. 5 
494 
487 
—6.5 
496 



0.5 

848 

819 

—4 

543 

554 

—7.5 

531 

538 

—7 

544. 

531 
—14 

554 

558 
—15.5 

554 

552 
-10 

511 

523 
—10.5 

536 

522 
—13 

519 

517 
—15 

498 

499 
—20.5 

454 

450 

—8.5 

464 

471 

—5.5 

500 

504 
—11.5 

488 

483 


475 

504 

—9 

529 

516 
—11. 5 



1.5 

709 

721 

— 5 

530 

524 

—7 

533 

542 

—7.5 

496 

492 
—14 

553 

554 
—14.5 

409 

408 
—10 

536 

538 
—11. 5 

551 

542 
—13 

553 

524 
—15 

486 

496 
—21.5 

453 

452 

—8 

463 

459 

—5.5 

572 

569 
—11 

572 

596 
1.5 

510 

512 

—9.5 

489 

486 
—11 



3 

784 

748 

—0.5 

530 

571 

—7.5 

530 

518 

—8 

476 

474 
—14 

582 

584 
—15 

371 

379 
—10 

565 

539 
—12 

536 

512 
—13 

510 

529 
—15. 5 

492 

500 
—21.5 

468 

434 

—6.5 

493 

497 

—5.5 

554 

550 

—9.5 

549 

561 
3.5 

475 

528 
—11. 5 

482 

470 
—10. 5 



635 
600 



538 
547 



491 
—8.. 
314 
435 

-14 
570 
580 

—15 
454 
435 

—10 
551 
557 

—13 
454 
500 

549 
538 

—16 
514 
520 

—21 
460 
430 
—6. 
480 
463 
—5. 
596 
529 
—8. 
530 
523 
5 
500 
495 

—12 
4C2 
490 

—10 



483 



459 



9.5 
481 
480 

3 
485 
485 

1.5 
571 
518 
—4 
518 
536 
—5 
531 
555 

468 

475 
2 

540 

536 

—8.5 

680 

696 

—6 

585 

586 
—11 

561 

571 

— 7 

576 

602 
—10 

552 

554 
—12. 5 

468 

480 

—7.5 

502 



9 
455 
418 

2 
519 
518 

1.5 
418 
510 
—4 
528 
530 
—6 
478 
483 
—7.5 
463 
480 

1 
480 
544 
—9 
545 
540 

5G0 

571 
—11.5 

529 

522 

—7 

569 

589 
—11 

520 

517 
—12. 5 

480 

525 

—8.5 

482 



4 

400 

514 

—9 

512 

530 

—8.5 

500 

500 
—10 

434 

410 
-14. 5 

520 

530 

— 1G 

(-40-?) 

(-40-?) 

—11 

380 

361 
—14.5 

498 

—14 
503 
529 

—18 
499 
487 

22 

430 
425 
—8.5 
501 
498 
—7.5 
530 
609 
-9 
414 
413 
4 
514 
500 

— 14 
467 
487 

—11.5 



3.5 

474 

500 
—10 

518 

504 

—9.5 

485 

499 
—11 

452 

528 
—15. 5 

445 

(—40-?) 

—16.5 

(—40-?) 

(-40-?) 

—12 

135 

165 
—15. 5 

509 

543 
—15 

530 

523 
—18 

512 

498 
22 

454 

450 

—9 

480 

458 

—8. 5 

525 

485 
—10 

356 

360 
5 

565 

530 
—15 5 

477 

490 
—12 



471 



10 

504 



488 
1.5 

349 

472 

—5.5 

525 

546 

—7 

570 

553 

—7.5 

498 

478 
0.5 

499 

537 

—9.5 

513 

524 

—8 

562 

558 
—12 

100 

125 

—7 

568 

542 
—12 

539 

538 
—12 

518 

521 

—9.5 

480 



3.5 

333 

374 
—10 

482 

500 ' 
—10 

485 

499 
—12 

394 

458 
—16 

504 

500 
—17 

358 

358 
—12.5 

175 

255 
—16 

559 

572 
—15. 5 

277 

345 
—19.5 

448 

353 
—22 

423 

423 

—9.5 

460 

482 

—9 

508 

485 
—10.5 

498 

483 
5 

457 

4!'3 
-16 5 

508 

491 
—12 



—7.0 
514. 8 



—6.4 
525.1 



—6. 5 
522. 2 



—6.6 
520. 9 



-6.8 
D15.0 



—7.9 

50 >. 8 



_8. 5 I 

477.7 ! 



—8.9 

459. 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



491 



ometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, Deecmber, 1SS2. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



11» 


Noon. 


13 h 


14h 


15 h 


lfib 


17' 


18" 


191- 


20 h 


2 |b 


22 1 ' 


23 1 ' 


Date. 


452 


418 


260 


310 


386 


270 


465 


455 


339 


368 


390 


3G4 


356 


\ 1 


10.5 


11 


10 


11.5 


12.5 


13.5 


14 


14.5 


14 


14 


16 


15.5 


14.5 




5' '5 


470 


473 


447 


457 


417 


307 


510 


434 


467 


479 


492 


483 


\ 2 


471 


500 


494 


456 


482 


450 


323 


453 


445 


450 


485 


500 


460 


1 


0.5 








—0.5 


—1 


—1.5 


0.5 





—0.5 


—0.5 





0.5 




420 


428 


467 


470 


474 


435 


425 


342 


350 


410 


450 


579 


493 


\ S 


441 


437 


403 


482 


343 


428 


440 


312 


330 


501 


438 


555 


492 


1. 5 


o 


2 


1 


0.5 


0.5 











—0.5 


—0.5 


—0.5 


—1 




5 


328 


437 


418 


340 


175 


418 


€4 


503 


210 


252 


334 


600 


\ 4 


(—40—?) 


274 


445 . 


459 


388 


114 


415 


3 


509 


265 


282 


350 


.3.30 


—6 


— G 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6 


—6 


—6 


—5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—5. 5 


— 5 




520 


400 


458 


517 


504 


502 


498 • 


501 


500 


492 


512 


507 


505 


\ 5 


545 


495 


490 


528 


505 


525 


512 


506 


502 


488 


504 


515 


510 


—7 




—7 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—7 


—6.5 


—5.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6 


—0 


—5. 5 




565 


533 


492 


509 


475 


498 


500 


451 


402 


403 


508 


515 


503 


\ G 


550 


533 


495 


504 


479 


497 


498 


467 


475 


417 


476 


519 


502 




—7 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—5.5 


—4.5 


—2 


—1.5 


—2 


—1 





0.5 




480 * 


494 


521 


478 


451 


430 


380 


227 


320 


499 


430 


480 


496 


\ 7 


484 


493 


519 


470 


443 


434 


389 


217 


372 


483 


448 


*92 


521 


(i. 5 





—0.5 


—0.5 


—1 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—1 


—1.5 


—2 


—2.5 


—3 


—3.5 




53K 


521 


472 


485 


516 


511 


523 


520 


508 


511 


512 


511 


508 


\ 8 


520 


517 


470 


4G4 


510 


512 


522 


520 


512 


510 


512 


510 


490 


— !). 5 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9.5 


-8.5 


—8.5 


—7 


—7 


—6.5 


—.3. 5 


—5.5 


K " 




525 


532 


472 


502 


448 


455 


362 


430 


110 


496 


480 


410 


593 


\ ° 


514 


528 


487 


496 


469 


454 


325 


438 


345 


479 


500 


4.30 


. 563 


—8. 5 


—8.5 


—9 


—9 


—9.5 


—9.5 


-9 


—7 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—9 


—9 




542 


538 


540 


510 


492 


525 


512 


520 


519 


512 


521 


525 


508 


lie 


554 


539 


532 


531 


486 


527 


527 


518 


519 


518 


520 


523 


523 


—12 


—12 


12 


—12 


—11.5 


—11 


—11 


-10 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 




470 


519 


335 


516 


512 


491 


430 


225 


555 


260 


250 


400 


524 


\u 


480 


521 


382 


515 


520 


481 


432 


165 


454 


282 


420 


429 


552 


—0.5 


—0 


—0 


—5 


—i 


—3.5 


—4 


—3 


—3 


—3 


—3.5 


—4 


— 5 




52.3 


484 


400 


510 


517 


455 


243 


175 


482 


521 


502 


473 


505 


?12 


408 


307 


41S 


514 


504 


453 


310 


200 


494 


520 


519 


517 


509 


—12 


—12 


—12. 5 


—12. .3 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12. 5 


—12 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 




515 


453 


538 


412 


388 


473 


491 


419 


467 


• 472 


499 


494 


500 


J 13 


512 


537 


450 


395 


411 


482 


500 


422 


465 


477 


495 


499 


497 


—12 


—11.5 


—10.5 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9 


—7 


—7.5 


—7 


— 7 


—7 


—6.5 




488 


493 


428 


480 


307 


498 


521 


507 


488 


489 


501 


482 


491 


\u 


536 


472 


393 


490 


279 


502 


526 


508 


490 


499 


503 


479 


494 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 




4.30 


499 


440 


468 


445 


473 


441 


412 


360 


314 


306 


180 


398 


| lo 


3.5 


4 


4.5 


5 


4 


5 


4.5 


5 


4.5 


4.5 


4 


5 


4 




262 


289 


388 


554 


499 


500 


503 


376 


500 


402 


309 


458 


544 


s 1G 


320 


202 


410 


567 


532 


481 


520 


373 


508 


342 


315 


109 


463 


—10 


—11 


—11 


-11.5 


—11.5 


—11 


—11 


—9 


—9.5 


—9 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 




4-4 


485 


505 


415 


481 


490 


491 


480 


482 


488 


499 


514 


486 


ii7 


480 


479 


496 


430 


490 


477 


490 


480 


493 


494 


" 494 


490 


507 


—10.5 


—10. 5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—8 


—9 


-9 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 




400 


521 


470 


502 


502 


517 


520 


499 


510 


522 


500 


466 


458 


|l8 


534 


520 


498 


514 


520 


511 


512 


496 


512 


493 


501 


482 


450 


—12. 5 


—12 


—12. 5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—11.5 


—12 


—12 


—12.5 


—13 


—12 5 




528 


479 


482 


501 


505 


479 


495 


511 


400 


503 


490 


496 


522 


1 19 


533 


476 


483 


516 


497 


481 


511 


519 


482 


479 


496 


489 


490 


—16 


—16.5 


—16 


—16 


—15.5 


—15 


—15 


—12 


—13 


—13.5 


—14 


—14 


—15.5 




503 


508 


307 


(-40—?) 


(—40—?! 


291 


20 


570 


322 


10 


552 


550 


400 


?20 


458 


506 


293 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


362 


(-40-?) 


575 


350 


(—40—?) 


495 


592 


350 


—17 


—16.5 


—10 


— ;g 


—16 


—16 


—16 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—15 




396 


293 


488 


250 


145 


514 


481 


390 


210 


372 


22 


480 


495 


[ 21 


315 


209 


502 


317 


160 


504 


479 


412 


190 


50 


340 


522 


546 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—13 


—13 


—13.5 


—13 


—13 


—11 


—11 


—11 


—11. 5 


—11. 5 


—12 




467 


445 


SCO 


372 


450 


459 


413 


362 


379 


422 


403 


470 


4S4 


522 


258 


437 


360 


391 


497 


470 


450 


340 


409 


508 


339 


462 


503 


—10.5 


-16 


—16.5 


—16 


—16.5 


—16.5 


—16 


—15 


—15 


—15 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14.5 




443 


371 


332 


4.34 


400 


457 


205 


394 


400 


532 


444 


550 


500 


^23 


512 


414 


379 


462 


473 


473 


206 


387 


412 


509 


472 


544 


520 


—16 


—16 


—16 


—16.5 


—16 


—15.5 


—15.5 


—15 


—15 


—15.5 


—16 


—17 


—16. 5 




504 


395 


476 


350 


123 


(-40-?) 


350 


430 


403 


482 


412 


480 


482 


I 24 


47.3 


393 


454 


334 


110 


10 


359 


447 


420 


492 


450 


449 


484 


—20 


—20 


—20. 5 


—20.5 


—20.5 


—21 


—20.5 


—20 


—20 


—20 


—20 


—20.5 


—20.5 




453 


528 


25 


432 


478 


409 


348 


410 


412 


440 


434 


452 


470 


?25 


437 


452 


37 


438 


480 


400 


357 


415 


421 


437 


435 


453 


468 


—21.5 


—20. 5 


—19.5 


—19 


—18 


—16.5 


—15.5 


—13.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12 


—12 




478 


447 


423 


358 


200 


278 


258 


435 


429 


430 


409 


433 


453 


1 26 


494 


469 


428 


371 


190 


268 


272 


439 


408 


399 


383 


422 


430 


—0 


—8.5 


—8.5 


— S.5 


—8.5 


—8 


— 7 


—5 


—5.5 


—6 


—6 


—6.5 


—0 




450 


465 


464 


434 


420 


436 


445 


457 


445 


459 


465 


468 


451 


J27 


470 


448 


453 


446 


426 


451 


454 


461 


443 


480 


449 


470 


434 


—9.5 


—9.5 


-10 


—10.5 


—11 


—12 


—12 


—11.5 


—13 


—13.5 


—14 


—14 


—13. 5 




400 


390 


(—40—?) 


349 


410 


425 


432 


480 


431 


465 


452 


453 


452 


1 28 


404 


397 


(—40—?) 


365 


441 


439 


446 


467 


447 


462 


446 


446 


449 


—10.5 


—11 


' —11. 5 


—12 


—13 


—13.5 


—14 


—13 


—14 


—14 


—14 


—14 


—11.5 




340 


220 


322 


(-40-?) 


215 


200 


140 


220 


45 


192 


300 


510 


411 


?29 


346 


245 


320 


(-40-') 


112 


250 


88 


228 


110 


172 


339 


474 


385 


G 


7 


5 


3.5 


2 





-1 


—1.5 


—3.5 


—5 


—6.5 


—7 


—8 




493 


432 


475 


240 


140 


491 


400 


291 


344 


50 


234 


508 


538 


J30 


483 


440 


4.11 


72 


220 


469 


401 


289 


299 


110 


255 


488 


487 


—17 


—17. 5 


—18 


—18.5 


—18 


—18 


—17 


—16 


—16 


—15.5 


—15.5 


—15.5 


—15.5 




4:;i 


420 


85 


289 


3S1 


383 


446 


375 


180 


266 


339 


365 


383 


}31 


4.30 


414 


42 


342 


371 


414 


437 


362 


210 


280 


322 


340 


356 


—12 


—11.5 


—11. 5 


—11 


—11 


—10 


—9.5 


—8 


— 7 


—7.5 


—7.5 


— 7. 5 


—8 




—0. 


—8.9 


—9.0 


—9.0 


—9. 


—8.8 


—8.7 


7.5 


1 —7.9 


—8.0 


-8.1 


—8.1 


—8.2 




407. C 


446.5 


337. 2 


403. 5 


389. 5 


417.9 


402.7 


398!8 


427.0 


398.5 


422.0 


459.8 


479.8 





Monthly means: Temperature, — 8°.0; readings, 400.1 



492 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet 

[One division of scale=. 0000749 



Date. 



Jan. 1 $ 

Temperature 

Jan. 2 | 

Temperature 

Jan. 3 $ 

Temperature 

Jan. 4 £ 

Temperature 

Jan. 5 5 

Temperature 

Jan. C | 

Temperature 

Jan. 7 Jt< 

Temperature 

Jan. 8 j 

Temperature 

Jan. 9 | 

Temperature 

Jan. 10 j 

Temperature 

Jan. 11 £ 

Temperature 

Jan. 12 i 

Temperature 

Jan. 13 < 

Temperature 

Jan. 14 | 

Temperature 

Jan. 15 £ 

Temperature 

Jan. 16... | 

Temperature 

Jan. 17 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 18 $ 

Temperature 

Jan. 19 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 20 | 

Temperature 

Jan. 21 £ 

Temperature 

Jan. 22 i 

Temperature 

Jan. 23 | 

Temperature 

Jan. 24 i 

Temperature 

Jan. 25 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 20 J 

Temperature 

Jan. 27 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 28 J 

Temperature 

Jan. 29 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 30 5 

Temperature 

Jan. 31 J 

Temperature- 

Mean temperature . . . 
Mean readings , 



h 


l h 


2* 


3" 


4" 


5 h 


«» 


7" 


8 h 


9' 


10 k 


3C0 


408 


456 


451 


476 


503 


452 


459 


484 


462 


398 


400 


411 


461 


491 


488 


491 


443 


458 


500 


474 


394 


—8 


—7 


-6.5 


—6 


—5 


—5 


—5 


—5 


— 5 


—6.5 


—7 


440 


438 


429 


422 


439 


461 


416 


415 


4-:s 


415 


441 


435 
—3.5 






















—0.5 


2.5 


2 


2.5 


2.5 


3 


4 


2.5 


5 


7. 5 


377 


368 


369 


349 


386 


377 


350 


375 


377 


356 


376 




356 
13.5 


366 
12 


369 
10 


382 
8 


384 
9 


308 
8 


374 
8 


319 
6.5 


368 
5 


386 
4.5 


14 


398 


386 


388 


31-6 


389 


387 


389 


388 


360 


388 


375 


409 


388 


388 


379 


389 


387 


384 


388 


. 38S 


376 


377 


4.5 


5 


5 


5 


6 


5 


5 


5 


4 


2.5 


2 


384 


395 


398 


392 


' 408 


426 


443 


475 


517 


494 


357 


390 


394 


388 


389 


407 


422 


451 


488 


494 


507 


434 


5 


5 


5.5 


5.5 


5 


4.5 


4.5 


5 


3 


2 


1 


418 


399 


423 


621 


464 


428 


422 


468 


445 


462 


349 


420 


3S4 


425 


704 


482 


433 


428 


458 


437 


401 


336 


1.0 


1.5 


2.5 


3 


3.5 


3.5 


3 


2.5 


1 


0.5 





478 


434 


443 


426 


443 


471 


506 


505 


506 


514 


420 


481 


440 


438 


449 


458 


463 


503 


458 


534 


545 


416 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—3 


—4 


—3.5 


—3.5 


—3 


—4.5 


— 5 


—0 


478 


426 


450 


440 


478 


477 


385 


411 


414 


521 


445 


480 


403 


438 


459 


464 


473 


551 


430 


374 


537 


412 


—4 


—3.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


2 


—2.5 


—4 


—5 


-0.5 


440 


438 


428 


417 


452 


453 


490 


484 


476 


49S 


400 


426 


432 


427 


428 


450 


454 


496 


471 


478 


477 


396 


—2.5 


—1.5 


—1 


—1.5 


—2.5 


. 2 


—2.5 


-3 


-4.5 


— 5. 5 


—6 


428 


440 


442 


456 


454 


460 


454 


457 


451 


424 


447 


432 


444 


453 


454 


458 


450 


447 


461 


444 


462 


452 


—6.5 


—7 


—8 


—8.5 


—8 


—8 


—8 


— 7 


—8.5 


—9.5 


—0.5 


432 


449 


500 


491 


496 


501 


452 


421 


446 


447 


455 


437 


436 


473 


485 


508 


482 


456 


422 


444 


457 


465 


—6 


—6 


—6 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—8 


—8.5 


—9 


445 


449 


457 


453 


458 


463 


463 


405 


472 


433 


463 


450 


454 


453 


457 


457 


462 


469 


479 


472 


462 


488 


—10 


—11 


—11 


—11.5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—11 


—13 


—12. 5 


—14 


—14.5 


472 


460 


407 


470 


469 


475 


472 


466 


450 


467 


459> 


468 


464 


466 


470 


466 


473 


472 


472 


465 


440 


459 


—15 


—15. 5 


—15.5 


—15. 5 


—15 


—15 


-15.5 


—15.5 


—17 


—IS 


—18.5 


465 


405 


461 


480 


484 


472 


475 


463 


470 


444 


438 


405 


464 


463 


478 


483 


475 


474 


460 


476 


458 


443 


—16.5 


—16 


—16 


—15 


-15 


—14. 5 


—14.5 


—15 


—16. 5 


—17.5 


— 17. 5 


470 


467 


470 


462 


465 


464 


456 


428 


454 


460 


461 


465 
-12. 5 






















—9.5 


-6 


s 


—7.5 


—7 


—6 


—7.5 


—6 


—6 


-7.5 


441 


447 


484 


448 


450 


449 


475 


450 


443 


4A0 


485 




423 
—9.5 


488 
—10.5 


468 
—13 


452 
—13.5 


452 
—14 


431 
—15.5 


452 
— 15. 5 


488 
—17 


499 

—18 


465 
— IS. 5 


—7 


449 


447 


439 


439 


463 


448 


488 


508 


520 


458 


218 


448 


440 


437 


434 


446 


452 


491 


508 


522 


440 


25'J 


—3.5 


, 2 





2 


2.5 


2.5 


2.5 


3.5 


2 


1.5 


1 


404 


453 


395 


404 


419 


451 


465 


402 


447 


345 


431 


405 


443 


396 


418 


444 


443 


468 


413 


433 


320 


420 


C 


6.5 


6.5 


7 


7 


6 


5 


4.5 


3 


1.5 


0.6 


488 


448 


450 


438 


426 


432 


437 


438 


455 


423 


420 


490 


417 


447 


438 


424 


428 


441 


434 


427 


404 


399 


—2.5 


—2. 5 


—1.5 


—2 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—3 


—2.5 


—4.5 


—5. 5 


—6 


432 


440 


443 


446 


452 


456 


446 


447 


460 


552 


5 5 


432 


442 


444 


451 


460 


456 


444 


450 


435 


565 


515 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


-10 


—10 


—10 


—11 


—12 


12.5 


432 


423 


446 


509 


479 


502 


449 


499 


500 


375 


376 


425 


425 


450 


502 


490 


503 


43.1 


510 


503 


396 


343 


—10 


—9 


—7.5 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—7.5 


—6.5 


—6 


—8 


—9 


—9.5 


432 


443 


454 


432 


434 


440 


430 


417 


426 


4!S 


420 


442 


449 


436 


446 


412 


434 


427 


420 


422 


423 


■125 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—3.5 


—3 


—2 


—2 


— 3 


— 3. 5 


—4 


424 


418 


409 


416 


413 


426 


431 


421 


419 


423 


40!) 


401 


407 


399 


414 


417 


429 


430 


425 


421 


425 


408 


2.5 


3 


3 


2.5 


4 


4.5 


5 


5.5 


4 


4 


3.5 


417 


420 


411 


420 


423 


428 


429 


423 


438 


428 


421 


410 


421 


401 


421 


427 


410 


431 


426 


429 


424 


431 


8 


10 


10 


11.5 


12.5 


13.5 


14.5 


16 


14.5 


14 


13.5 


403 


400 


400 


405 


430 


469 


428 


430 


433 


459 


438 


410 


380 


420 


454 


448 


455 


427 


438 


468 


449 


439 


3 


2.5 


2 


—0.5 








0.5 


0.5 


—1 


—2 


2 


400 


460 


480 


475 


520 


543 


468 


466 


425 


476 


374 


453 


500 


479 


461 


498 


571 


476 


456 


408 


457 


413 


-fi 


—6 


—6 


-6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6.5 


-S 


—9 


—9.5 


473 


401 


473 


478 


518 


512 


468 


467 


407 


426 


241 


450 


385 


465 


504 


502 


504 


*470 


478 


412 


470 


285 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—11 


—10.5 


—11 


—11 


—11. 5 


—13 


—13. 5 


—1-1. 5 


500 


453 


486 


582 


560 


525 


561 


600 


536 


463 


445 


443 


452 


510 


530 


552 


511 


569 


570 


536 


474 


453 


—15 

455 


—14.5 
449 


—14 
440 


—13.5 
511 


—13 

520 


—13 
466 


—13.5 
456 


—13-. 5 

458 


—15 
439 


—15.5 

423 


—16 
424 


480 


449 


451 


511 


534 


472 


458 


456 


460 


447 


446 


—15 


—14.5 


—14 


—14.5 


-13.5 


—13 


—12.5 


—14 


—15 


—15.5 


—16.5 


454 


448 


462 


467 


487 


471 


458 


462 


464 


420 


422 


458 


460 


448 


464 


497 


476 


462 


468 


463 


461 


439 


—15 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—15 


—15 


—15 


— 15. 5 


—15.5 


—17 


—IS 


—18.5 


440 


453 


460 


403 


498 


496 


497 


536 


302 


508 


459 


448 


447 


457 


410 


506 


503 


497 


516 


431 


499 


526 


—IS. 5 


—18 


—18. 5 


—19 


— 18 


—17.5 


—17 


—17 


—18 


—18.5 


—18. 5 


—5. 3 


—4.8 


—4. 5 


—4.7 


—4. 5 


—4.4 


—4.4 


| —4.4 


-5.7 


—6 4 


-6.9 


438.1 


431.5 


441.6 


455. 


461.1 


461.4 


454. 4 


454.6 


449. 5 


449.4 

1 


417.7 

i 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



493 



ometcr at Uylaamie, Alaska, January 18S3. 

part of the horizontal force. 1 



11" 


Soon. 


' IS 1 ' 


14h 


- 12" 


10" 


17" 


IS" 


lit" 


20" 


21" 


2-" ' 


23" 


Dato. 


254 


540 


409 


(-40-?) 


327 


301 


407 


428 


423 


335 


382 


450 


455 


] 1 


245 


5'jG 


415 


(-40-?) 


322 


380 


447 


442 


429 


304 


393 


429 


474 


—7 


— 0. 5 


-7 


—7 


—7.5 


—6 


—5.5 


—4 


—3.5 


—4 


— 4 


—3.5 


—3.5 




4150 


409 


337 


359 


151 


203 


301 


272 


131 


77 


218 


308 


384 ' 


\ 2 


8 


9 


9 


9.5 


9 


10 


11 


11.5 


12 


12 


12 


12.5 


16.5 




415 


370 


334 


213 


53 


364 


363 


381 


372 


369 


363 


378 


3S4 


\ 3 


392 


377 


302 


234 


89 


365 


377 


382 


375 


372 


370 


382 


389 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4.5 


4.5 


5. 5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


4.5 




412 


3G8 


222 


386 


394 


387 


399 


355 


394 


393 


390 


388 


394 


> i 


371 


367 


178 


370 


396 


396 


389 


359 


392 


394 


336 


386 


393 


2 


2.5 


3 


3.5 


3 


3. 5 


3.5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


4.5 


4.5 




450 


412 


3S4 


410 


411 


402 


391 


385 


402 


382 


299 


338 


301 


\ 5 


43G 


417 


414 


421 


411 


404 


394 


388 


405 


401 


309 


352 


309 


-0.5 


—0.5 


—0.5 


—0.5 


-1 


—0.5 


—0.5 








—0.5 








0.5 




275 


289 


325 


78 


(-40-?) 


120 


336 


325 


334 


100 


325 


344 


470 


\ G 


314 


38C 


304 


13 


(-40— ?) 


138 


329 


316 


355 


209 


379 


395 


484 


—0. 5 


—0.5 


—1 


—1 


—1 


—1 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—2.5 


—3 


— t 


—4 




34 


185 


424 


381 


375 


65 


(-40-?) 


241 


262 


(-40-?) 


80 


402 


403 


\ 7 


120 


229 


455 


362 _ 


375 


122 


(-40-?) 


193 


315 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


404 


412 


— fi. 7 


—7.5 


—8 


— 7. 5 


—7.5 


— 7 


—6.5 


— 5. 5 


— 5. 5 


—5.5 


— 5 


—4.5 


—4 




285 


232 


348 


165 


309 


456 


338 


366 


290 


400 


440 


460 


441 


\ 8 


283 


239 


320 


137 


305 


461 


348 


332 


275 


272 


399 


443 


433 


— G. 5 


—0.5 


—6.5 


—6 


-6 


— 5 


— 5 


— 3.-» 


—3.5 


—3.5 


—3.5 


—3 


—2. 5 




461 


516 


475 


389 


424 


306 


333 


300 


7 


368 


442 


440 


424 


\ ° 


450 


518 


505 


400 


.416 


361 


334 


319 


(-40-?) 


382 


448 


441 


4C0 


— G. 5 


—0.5 


—6 


—5.5 


— 5. 5 


—5.5 


—6 


— 5 


—0 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—7 


-7 




410 


4:0 


436 


439 


423 


431 


374 


415 


412 


398 


402 


3:3 


376 


ho 


430 


453 


438 


440 


426 


426 


3-1 


417 


410 


403 


405 


375 


380 


—9. 5 


—9 


—9 


—8.5 


—8 


—7.5 


—6.5 


■ — 5 


— 5. 5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—6 


—0 




426 


450 


. 442 


446 


414 


442 


438 


432 


442 


439 


448 


427 


448 


jll 


4C8 


450 


446 


452 


438 


•442 


440 


433 


443 


430 


443 


439 


446 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9 


—8 


—8.5 


—9 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 




470 


467 


495 


470 


472 


462 


433 


384 


216 


375 


432 


473 


476 


1 12 


472 


445 


454 


4G3 


471 


465 


431 


380 


222 


382 


440 


475 


446 


—15 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14 


—14 


—14 


—14 


12.5 


—13 


—13. 5 


—14 


—14.5 


—15. 5 




447 


473 


470 


472 


434 


300 


299 


435 


478 


479 


470 


469 


466 


'l3 


440 


472 


472 


473 


419 


335 


319 


415 


476 


478 


473 


407 


465 


—19 


—18.5 


-18.5 


—18 


—18.5 


-18 


—18 


—16 


—16.5 


—16.5 


—16.5 


—16.5 


—16.5 




516 


465 


470 


464 


453 


429 


431 


424 


29G 


269 


385 


442 


469 


,14 
) 


509 


4(58 


472 


4"0 


403 


420 


430 


414 


274 


288 


392 


450 


462 


—17.5 


—17.5 


—17.5 


—17 


—17 


—16.5 


—16.5 


■ — 15. 5 


— 15 


—15 


—14.5 


—14.5 


—14 




459 


510 


232 


61 


450 


400 


367 


203 


299 


375 


424 


431 


465 


|lo 


7 


—7 


—0.5 


—0 


—7 


— G. 5 


— G. 5 


— 5. 5 


7 


—7 


— 7 


—7 


7. 5 




483 


434 


315 


232 


405 


368 


355 


450 


430 


440 


454 


452 


448 


he 


474 


411 


370 


259 


395 


391 


359 


444 


441 


448 


461 


450 


455 


—18.5 


—18 


—17.5 


—10.5 


—16.5 


—15 


—14. 5 


—12 


—11.5 


—10 


—8.5 


—7.5 


— 5. 5 




52 


454 


302 


2G8 


2G0 


250 


(-40-?) 


393 


439 


400 


3G2 


417 


385 


]l7 


10 


417 


314 


323 


248 


258 


(-40-?) 


411 


423 


445 


383 


394 


386 


1 


3 


5 


6.5 


■ 7 


7 


8 


8.5 


7.5 


7.5 


6.5 


6 


6 




332 


311 


385 


360 


318 


378 


378 


388 


170 


229 


427 


413 


459 


) 18 


245 


379 


380 


358 


313 


384 


372 


311 


165 


293 


402 


420 


441 





—1 


—1 


—1.5 


— 2 


2 


2 


—1.5 


2 


—2 


—2 


-2.5 


o_ -j 




373 


395 


1G0 


270 


320 


308 


260 


235 


421 


429 


427 


414 


419 


|io 


4C8 


388 


267 


322 


332 


307 


251 


220 


432 


434 


438 


419 


427 


— 7 


—7 


— 7. 5 


—8 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—8 


—8 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—9 


—9. 5 




472 


468 


492 


351 


353 


210 


104 


190 


271 


228 


391 


454 


44S 


1 23 


518 


449 


500 


362 


3C.S 


211 


(—40-?) 


226 


280 


243 


400 


459 


458 


—14 


—13.5 


—13.5 


—13 


—13 


—13 


—13 


—12 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—11. 5 


—11.5 


—10.5 




4G5 


382 


23 


260 


215 


200 


290 


314 


298 


484 


439 


443 


438 


?21 


480 


251 


127 


334 


210 


179 


265 


316 


329 


477 


448 


455 


440 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9 


—8.5 


—8 


— 7. 5 


— 5. 5 


—5.5 


— 5 


— 5 


—4.5 


—3.5 




409 


142 


346 


241 


445 


433 


416 


408 


392 


387 


302 


300 


391 


> 22 


427 


78 


304 


251 


441 


440 


404 


391 


374 


384 


376 


289 


390 




— i 


—3.5 


—3 


—2.5 


2 


—1.5 


—1.5 





—1 


—0.5 


—0.5 





1 




381 


344 


290 


269 


315 


352 


297 


390 


429 


416 


405 


399 


408 


J23 


37G 


335 


349 


280 


314 


345 


2o6 


396 


422 


418 


409 


400 


401 


3.5 


4.5 


5 


5.5 


5.5 


5.5 


6 


8 


7.5 


7.5 


8 


8 


8 




432 


40G 


357 


381 


409 


330 


243 


205 


180 


5 


352 


242 


322 


1 24 


380 


402 


350 


380 


392 


364 


2G1 


213 


139 


122 


367 


263 


335 


13.5 


12.5 


11 


9.5 


9 


8 


7.5 


7.5 


7 


6.5 


5 


4 


3.5 




385 


(-40-?) 


288 


370 


425 


108 


168 


353 


132 


(—40—?) 


250 


142 


450 


I 25 


410 


(-40-?) 


320 


388 


400 


225 


173 


380 


210 


(—40-?) 


179 


110 


319 


—3 


—3.5 


—4 


—4 


—4.5 


— 5 


—4.5 


—5 


p, 5 


—6 


—6 


—6 


-6 




15 


363 


352 


359 


80 


387 


454 


280 


395 


233 


(—10-?) 


2C0 


315 


? 26 


112 


352 


364 


390 





439 


471 


"237 


359 


209 


3 


310 


320 


—9.5 


—10 


-10.5 


—11 


—11.5 


—10.5 


—10 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—10 


—10.5 


-10 




350 


564 


467 


471 


238 


205 


145 


501 


302 


383 


403 


390 


475 


i.-i- 


526 


• 558 


441 


460 


237 


70 


160 


483 


323 


355 


395 • 


409 


503 


5" 


—15 


—15 


—15.5 


—15.5 


—16 


—15.5 


-15.5 


—15 


—15 


— 15. 5 


-15.5 


— 15. 5 


—15 




41G 


459 


440 


435 


457 


462 


461 


422 


267 


250 


432 


443 


443 


J 2S 


477 


464 


439 


438 


463 


465 


445 


430 


295 


279 


442 


450 


453 


—16.5 


—16.5 


-16 


—16 


—16 


—15.5 


— 15. 5 


—15 


-^14.5 


—15. 5 


—15.5 


—16 


—10 




428 


465 


419 


450 


280 


386 


419 


41G 


418 


403 


388 


445 


456 


| 29 


440 


462 


430 


452 


266 


370 


413 


411 


425 


i-\ 


392 


449 


478 


—10.5 


—16 


—16 


—15. 5 


—16 


15.5 


—15 


—14.5 


—14. 5 


—14.5 


—14.3 


—15 


—15 




410 


524 


484 


456 


450 


460 


500 


493 


483 


4G8 


406 


462 


451 


? 30 


382 


522 


481 


4G7 


41 j 


459 


498 


492 


493 


474 


461 


465 


454- 


—18.5 


—19 


—19 


—19.5 


—10 


—19.5 


—19.5 


—18.5 


—19.5 


—19 


—19 


—18.5 


—18.5 




312 


G5 


430 


4G1 


443 


427 


339 


345 


380 


348 


399 


419 


475 


J31 


260 


112 


451 


■r.o 


438 


436 


338 


345 


375 


309 


409 


429 


471 


—18.5 


—18.5 


—18 5 


—18.5 


—18.5 


—17. 5 


— 10. 5 


— 15. 5 


—15. 5 


—15 


— 14 


—12.5 


—10. 5 
—5. 4 




—7.3 


—7.1 


—7.1 


—0 9 


—7.0 


—6.6 


— G. 4 


—5 4 


—5. 6 


—5. 7 


5 7 


—5 8 




372.1 


383.3 


370.8 


336. 4 


335.1 


339.8 


319.8 


356.9 


328.5 


319.0 


3u5. 7 


4C0.4 


4.5. 7 





Monthly means: Temperature. — 5°.8: reauin;*", SStS.' 



494 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW. ALASKA.. 



Hourly readings of the Broole bifilar magnet 

[One division of scalo .0000749 to February 27, l b ; for 



Date. 



Feb. 1 

Temperature 

Feb. 2 

Temperature 

Feb. 3 

Temperature 

Feb.4 

Temperature 

Feb.5 

Temperature 

Feb.C 

Temperature 

Feb.7 

Temperature 

Feb.8 

Temperature 

Feb. 9 

Temperature 

Feb. 10 

Temperature 

Feb. 11 

Temperature 

Feb. 12 

Temperature 

Feb.13 

Temperature 

Feb. 14 

Temperatine 

Feb. 15 

Temperature 

Feb. 10 

Temperature 

Feb.17 

Temperature 

Feb. 18 

Temperature 

Feb.19 

Temperature 

Feb. 20 

Temperature 

Feb. 21 

Temperature 

Feb. 22 

Temperature 

Feb. 23 

Temperature 

Feb. 24 

Temperature. 

Feb. 25 

Temporature 

Feb. 26 

Temperature 

Feb. 27 

Temperature 

Feb. 28 

Temperature 



Mean temperature. . 
Moan readings 



475 
478 
—9.5 
482 



6 
373 
334 

0.5 
508 
525 

13 
344 
307 

13 
444 
423 

21 
283 
320 

12.5 
353 
346 

19 
358 
358 

10 
407 
407 

27.5 
414 
430 
—2.5 
433 
432 
—4 
413 
415 
5 
407 
405 

3. 5 

407 

420 

2 

304 



9 
495 
492 
—3.5 
438 
445 

2.0 
474 
477 

8 
453 
457 
12 
475 
482 

2.5 
340 
304 

1 
605 
592 
—5.5 
503 
499 
— 7. 5 
570 
596 
—10.5 
528 
529 
—11 
536 
549 
—13.5 



3.7 
441.0 



2 h 



477 



—1 
500 
488 
4 
508 
493 
0. 
528 
523 

14 
432 
417 

13 
404 
416 

22 
315 
320 

12 
387 
379 

19 
353 
356 

10 
411 
413 

27 
420 
419 
—2. 
4.9 
428 
—3 
411 
409 
6 
407 
399 
3. 
426 



4 
356 
368 

8 
491 
489 
—2.5 
484 
477 

2.5 
404 
460 
10 
456 
452 
13 
472 
4S0 

3 
410 
415 

1.5 
428 
388 
—5 
500 
508 
—7.5 
500 
638 
—9.5 
538 
532 
—9.5 



436 



1 
437 
446 
4 
475 
473 

0.5 
410 
467 

14.5 
433 
479 

13.5 
406 
396 

22.5 
333 
328 

11.5 
350 
354 

18.5 
358 
302 

10 
404 
404 

25 
445 
444 
—3 
428 
424 
—4 
407 
406 
8 
406 
403 
4 
443 



447 



1 
504 
515 

2.5 
456 
434 
2 
535 
479 

15 
470 
452 

13 
396 
3S8 

23 
339 
349 

12 
302 
361 

19 
306 
370 

10.5 
390 
372 

22 
420 
430 
—3 
429 
431 
—4 
404 
402 

8.5 

400 

400 

5 

432 



41 



473 



3.5 

548 
554 
3 
439 
447 
4 
485 
493 

15 
456 
462 

14 
496 
504 

24 
331 
357 

11 
390 
398 

19.5 
373 
373 

12 
397 
359 

20.5 
429 
427 

2 

432 
434 
—4 
406 
407 

10 
405 
405 

3.5 
418 



(!'• 



502 



3.5 

439 
471 

2.5 
420 
538 
6 
494 
496 

17.5 
462 
408 

15 
467 
473 

20 
351 
364 

10.5 
382 
384 

19.5 
390 
378 

12.5 
3:8 
370 

18 
428 
428 
—2 
432 
432 
—4 
407 
409 

12 
412 
416 

3.5 
419 



9.5 
440 
408 



— 2. t> 

502 

492 

2.5 
464 
402 

11.5 
453 
443 
14.5 
470 
478 

3 
522 
535 

2 
498 
515 
-5 
472 
480 
—7.5 
608 
700 
—8.5 
530 
514 
—9.5 



fi. 
408 
398 

6 
488 
488 
-2. 
472 
470 

2 
470' 
471 
11. 
454 
456 
15 
471 
473 

3 
426 
462 

2 
540 
512 
—5 
560 
564 
— 0. 
450 
424 
—9 
534- 
534 
—9 



8 
449 
435 

6 
487 ' 
487 
_2 
488 
488 

3 
504 
506 
12.5 
4!8 
418 
14 
478 
479 

3 
543 
534 

3 
474 
498 
—4.5 
562 
556 
—6 
326 
367 
—8 
533 
541 
—8.5 



5S2 
585 
3.5 



8.5 

485 
489 

6 
488 
487 
—1 
489 
481 

3 
578 
583 
13 
430 
450 
15 
470 
472 

3 
620 
606 

3.5 
533 
521 
—5 
546 
556 
—6 
486 
477 
—9 
532 
540 
—8.5 



660 

024 

1 



5.1 
443.6 



5. 5 

434.5 



5.4 

445. 2 



5.9 
459. 



6.1 
473.0 



442 



3 

515 
509 
2 
508 
454 

6.5 
456 
408 

18 
446 
438 

16 
436 
438 

26.5 
376 
382 

10 
309 
373 

18.5 
395 
393 

13 
462 
438 

16.5 
429 
429 
—1.5 
433 
433 
—4 
404 
404 

12.5 
424 
425 

4.5 
433 



11 
459 
445 

5 
491 
489 
—1 
487 
491 

2 
549 
534 
12 
338 
557 
15 
474 
475 

3.5 
574 
572 

3.5 
594 
610 
—6 
554 
550 
—6 
414 
414 
—9.5 
565 
577 
—8.5 



700 

7i4 

1 



6.1 
475.3 



428 



5 

397 
436 
1 
376 
376 
8 
480 
478 

19 
416 
436 

17 
490 
483 

27 
302 
367 

10 
347 
344 

17.5 
409 
403 

13.5 
484 
471 

16 
439 
437 
_2 
436 
432 
—3 
388 
394 

13 
402 
409 

4.5 
407 



434 



0.5 
411 
452 
—0.5 
—10 

65 

7 

430 

475 

17 
409 
474 

15.5 
427 
436 

26 
357 
357 
9 
324 
300 

14.5 
372 
370 

12 
384 
320 

13 
433 * 
432 
—3 
400 
368 
— 5 
388 
387 

11.5 
423 
423 

3.5 
430 



9 
423 
446 

4 
495 
498 


474 
4S3 

2 
468 
470 

11.5 
435 
423 
13 
471 
472 

3 
538 
572 

3 
530 
519 
— C 
501 
514 
—6.5 
315 
363 
—9.5 
626 
611 
—9.5 



432 
417 
0.5 



6.0 

440.0 



13 
483 

493 

2 
517 
519 
—1 
472 
484 

0.5 
452 
453 
11 
510 
489 
12 
508 
483 

2 
540 
542 

1.5 

45 

96 

—8 

540 

554 

— S 

338 

338 

—11.5 

490 

468 

—11.5 

455 



-40—?) 

-40—?) 

— 1 



3:i7 



9" 



422 



9 

410 
411 
—1 
339 
351 
6 
(^(0-?) 
207 

15.5 
433 
413 

15.5 
409 
424 

25.5 
303 
3-51 
8 
332 
330 

12.5 
372 
376 

12 
399 
399 

11 
427 
450 
—4 
432 
442 
— 5 
377 
373 

11 
329 
354 

2.5 
404 



13.5 
412 
454 

0.5 
573 
586 
—1 
463 
477 


440 
441 
11 
392 
397 
11 
494 
480 

1 
467 
441 

0.5 
225 
146 
—9.5 
500 
4G9 
—9.5 
379 
3"1 
—12.5 
522 
572 
—13 
487 
422 
—4 
330 
544 



3.7 
399.3 



lO* 



445 



8.5 
127 
236 
—1 
377 
393 

6.5 
405 
325 

15.5 
420 
395 

15.5 
417 
418 
25 
325 
335 

7 
287 
300 
11 
372 
373 
12.5 
409 
334 

9 
454 
473 
— 5 
448 
446 
—5 
369 
372 

9.5 
337 
364 

2 
403 



15 
515 

505 

—1 

530 

524 

—1.5 

490 

484 

—0.5 

453 

427 
10 

210 

129 
10 

480 

500 


451 

469 


3S7 

357 
—11 

488 

534 
—10.5 

123 

65 

—13.5 

548 

487 
—14 
-41'—?) 
-40—?) 

—6 

333 

362 

—2.5 



3.1 
375. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 



495 



omctcr at Uglaamie, Alaska., February, 1883. 

remainder of the month .0000700 part of the horizontal force] 



m 


Noon. 


IS" 


ll 1 ' 


is* 


1«>> 


IT 1 ' 


IS 1 ' 


m 


20'' 


2ib 


22 1 ' 


2V 


Unto. 


420 


411 


312 


393 


431 


357 


373 


233 


(—40—?) 


352 


(—40-?) 


(-40-?) 


(-40-.') 


| 1 


a 5 





8.5 


8 


8 


7.5 


7 


7 


0.5 


7 


7 


7 


7 




2:s 


238 


4 


243 


00 


378 


392 


282 


340 


310 


220 


352 


340 


X 


GO 


245 


108 


221 


20 


414 


379 


311 


278 


192 


211 


(-40-?) 


412 


I ™ 


—1.5 


—1.5 


—2 


—2 


—2 


2 


2 


—0.5 


—1 


—1 


-0.5 


-0. 5 


0.5 




320 


260 


172 


(—40-?) 


295 


389 


404 


112 


(-40-?) 


203 


252 


434 


542 


I 3 


318 


295 


364 


(—i0—1) 


278 


387 


389 


178 


183 


—25 


4D3 


402 


490 


CO 


6.5 


6.5 


6.5 


6 


0.5 


6 


7 


0.5 


7 


9 


11 


12 




359 


355 


369 


350 


15 


75 


447 


29 


(-40-?) 


75 


233 


411 


3S3 


I 4 


324 


40S 


461 


268 


210 


10 


480 


124 


(-40-?) 


119 


255 


399 


375 


14.5 


15 


15 


15 


15 


14 


14 


14 


13.5 


13.5 


13.5 


13 


13.5 




258 


455 


347 


402 


368 


204 


299 


(—40—?) 


302 


423 


407 


332 


308 


) 


386 


439 


355 


403 


367 


271 


304 


(-40-?) 


193 


399 


417 


359 


310 


c 


15 


15.5 


16 


16.5 


17 


17.5 


17.5 


19 


19 


19 


20 


20.5 


21 




382 


372 


240 


286 


369 


320 


(—40-?) 


(—40—?) 


42 


309 


—30 


410 


305 


\ G 


375 


366 


393 


278 


369 


311 


(-40-?) 


(-40—?) 


29 


352 


119 


392 


208 


25 


25 


25 


25 


25 


23.5 


22.5 


21 


19 


17.5 


16 


14. 5 


14 




332 


355 


324 


377 


350 


303 


357 


338 


320 


228 


298 


333 


344 


] 7 


330 


323 


341 


376 


351 


361 


350 


336 


314 


215 


290 


329 


351 


7 


7.5 


8 


8.5 


9 


10 


10.5 


12 


13 


14.5 


17 


18 


19.5 




102 


403 


315 


258- 


190 


292 


305 


200 


209 


304 


310 


348 


304 


\ 8 


97 


394 


351 


280 


152 


296 


317 


212 


253 


312 


317 


350 


300 


10 


9.5 


9 


9 


8.5 


8.5 


9 


9 


8 


8 


8.5 


9 


10 




374 


334 


386 


361 


395 


393 


302 


304 


287 


182 


240 


352 


403 


\ 9 


370 


304 


385 


372 


391 


392 


3G4 


359 


283 


171 


202 


357 


411 


12.5 


14 


16.5 


18 


19 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26.5 


27 


27.5 




400 


397 


304 


330 


397 


350 


418 


392 


352 


404 


442 


433 


430 


1 10 


422 


379 


315 


390 


354 


363 


418 


390 


344 


414 


410 


450 


400 


7 


6.5 


5 


3.5 


3 


2 


0.5 


1 


— 0.5 


—1 


—1.5 


—2 


—2.5 




515 


430 


414 


436 


• 408 


187 


297 


350 


406 


442 


433 


426 


4S0 


? 11 


4GS 


443 


420 


438 


411 


184 


308 


352 


412 


433 


436 


432 


428 


—5. 5 


-5 


—5.5 


— 5 


—4.5 


—4 


—4 


—3 


—3 


—4 


-4 


—4.5 


—4 




430 


393 


365 


382 


290 


245 


389 


373 


409 


421 


419 


418 


411 


1 12 


422 


408 


396 


382 


287 


243 


392 


383 


414 


419 


419 


417 


403 


— 5 


—4 


—4 


-3 


—3 


2 


—1 


0.5 


3.5 


1.5 


3 


4 


4 




380 


385 


380 


379 


378 


296 


333 


365 


389 


388 


399 


379 


395 


1 13 


400 


386 


379 


379 


375 


291 


328 


355 


393 


389 


399 


382 


394 


S. 5 


8 


7.5 


6.5 


6 


5.5 


5. 5 





5 


5.5 


5 


5 


4 




305 


403 


406 


368 


00 


170 


365 


422 


260 


479 


350 


372 


390 


1 14 


SOU 


382 


409 


362 


140 


140 


408 


424 


280 


442 


308 


400 


492 


2 


2 


0.5 





—1 


-1 


—1 





—0.5 





1 


1.5 


2 




382 


331 


370 


321 


365 


308 


360 


356 


375 


302 


379 


388 


37G 


? 15 


14 


13 


13 


13 


12 


12 


11 


9.5 


9.5 


9 


9.5 


10 


10 




502 


300 


328 


463 


426 


140 


440 


518 


489 


483 


478 


501 


498 


? 1G 


405 


33G 


380 


449 


443 


183 


456 


510 


480 


495 


483 


489 


496 


—1.5 


—1.5 


2 


—2 


—3 


—3 


—3 


—2.5 


—3.5 


—4.5 


—4.5 


—4 


—3.5 




525 


500 


483 


152 


494 


474 


(—40-?) 


(-40-?) 


377 


478 


409 


429 


411 


|l7 


508 


498 


486 


110 


492 


409 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


372 


473 


401 


412 


384 


2 


—2 


—1.5 


—1 


—0.5 


1 


1.5 


3 


2 


2 


1.5 


1.5 


1.5 




474 


491 


494 


4S0 


495 


492 


431 


487 


478 


4S1 


382 


475 


493 « 


1 18 


405 


490 


498 


490 


480 


479 


411 


482 


473 


479 


388 


470 


488 


—1 


—0.5 


—0.5 





0.5 


1.5 


2 


4 


4 


5 





7 


8 




446 


432 


435 


439 


437 


430 


429 


442 


447 


449 


446 


433 


447 


J 19 


447 


428 


434 


440 


434 


427 


428 


444 


448 


452 


447 


444 


446 


10 


9.5 


9 


8.5 


S 


8 


9 


10 


10 


9.5 


10 


10 


11 




400 


394 


(—40—?) 


75 


387 


396 


385 


445 


455 


488 


459 


455 


474 


J28 


420 


366 


(-40—?) 


12 


375 


407 


377 


447 


450 


431 


489 


440 


465 





8.5 


8 


G.5 


6 


5 


4.5 


5 


4 


3 


2.5 


2.5 


2.5 




470 


465 


480 


300 


442 


353 


400 


506 


473 


486 


400 


278 


383 


I 21 


402 


475 


490 


312 


430 


346 


405 


504 


473 


482 


392 


260 


297 


—1 


2 


—2.5 


-2.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—1 


—1.5 


— 1 


—1 


—1 







64 


408 


479 


245 


273 


(—40— ?) 


(-40-?) 


100 


530 


90 


223 


333 


374 


J .22 


235 


466 


440 


229 


296 


50 


05 


(-40-?) 


551 


102 


200 


357 


411 


2 


-2 


—2.5 


—3.5 


—4.5 


—4.5 


—5.5 


-5 


—0 


—7 


—7 


—7 


—G.5 




554 


501 


478 


430 


235 


377 


417 


414 


540 


467 


432 


516 


502 


?23 


510 


504 


494 


441 


251 


338 


452 


456 


537 


473 


416 


506 


497 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—12 


—12 


—11.5 


—11. 5 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—8.5 




(-40-?) 


482 


545 


432 


418 


282 


108 


358 


542 


211 


190 


(-40—?) 


400 


1 2& 


(—40—0 


499 


540 


475 


407 


100 


105 


437 


514 


329 


211 


—23 


370 


—11 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—12 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12 


—12 


—12 


—11.5 


—11.5 


—12 


—11.5 




235 


248 


402 


495 


519 


542 


519 


435 


530 


536 


500 


422 


522 


? 25 


321 


334 


426 


448 


520 


543 


504 


530 


527 


496 


518 


509 


521 


—13.5 


—14 


—14.5 


-14.5 


—14.5 


—14 


—14 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—12.5 


—13 


—12.5 


—11.5 




551 


528 


483 


356 


490 


407 


489 


370 


(-40-?) 


342 


430 


502 


511 


J26 


515 


530 


250 


135 


508 


433 


476 


409 


30 


313 


400 


500 


517 


—14. 5 


—14. 5 


-15 


—15.5 


—10 


—16 


—16 


—15.5 


—10 


—17 


—17 


-17 


—15.5 




(—40-?) 


(—40-?) 


(-40-?) 


429 


(_40—?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


(—40-?) 


(—40-?) 


(—40—?) 






1 27 


(-40—?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40— ?) 


406 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40— ?) 


(—40— ?) 






—6.5 


■ — 7 
500 


—8 
(-40—?) 


-8.5 
(-40-?) 


-9 
313 


—9 
255 


—9.5 

(—40— ?) 


—9 
380 


—9.5 

458 


—9.5 

445 


—9.5 

442 








405 


440 


409 


} 28 


504 


494 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


366 


210 


(—40-?) 


220 


443 


442 


440 


441 


500 


—3.5 


—3 


—2.5 


2 


—1.5 


—0.5 





2 


2 


2 


2 


2,5 


4 
4.0 




2.5 


2. 5 


2.3 


2.2 


2.0 


2.2 


2.2 


3.0 


2.6 


2.5 


2.8 


3.5 




305. 9 


38R 2 


337.0 


31S. 9 


349.8 


299.3 


305.4 


289.8 


312.7 


344.1 


330. 


302. G 


401.9 





Monthly means : Temperature, 3°. 7 ; readings, 383.1 



496 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broole hijilar magnet- 

[One division of seale=.O0UO7G0 



Date. 



Temperature . 
Mar. 26 

Temperature . 
Mar. 27 

Temperature . 
Mar-. 28 

Temperature . 
Mar. 29 

Temperature . 
Mar. 30 

Temperature 
Mar. 31 

Temperature 



Mar. 1 

Temperature 

Mar.2 

Temperature 

Mar. 3 

Temperature 

Mar. 4 

Temperature 

Mar. 5 

Temperature 

Mar. 6 

Temperature 

Mar. 7 

Temperature 

Mar. 8 

Temperature 

Mar. 

Temperature 

Mar. 10...- 

Temperature 

Mar. 11 

Temperature 

Mar. 12 

Temperature 

Mar. 13 

Temperature 

Mar. 14 

Temperature 

Mar. 15 

Tempera*, ure 

Mar. 10 

Temperature 

Mar. 17 \ 

Temperature 

Mar. 18 j 

Temperatures 

Mar. 19 | 

Temperature 

Mar.20 { 

Temperature 

Mar.21 j 

Temperatures 

Mar. 22 j 

Temperature : 

Mar.23 \ 

Temperature 

Mar.24 £ 

Temperature 

Mar. 25 J 



Meau temperature . . 
Mean reaeliugs 



1 ' 



573 
583 

5. 5 
642 

""X" 

483 

557 

—8.5 

508 

543 

—0.5 

514 

516 

— 5 

470 

470 
2 

437 

428 

— 5. 5 

485 

480 

-7.5 

380 

423 
—11 

408 

4G8 
—15.5 

490 

500 
—18.5 

458 

457 
— 13 

451 

462 

—3 

473 

475 

—5 

472 

457 

—5.5 

435 



433 

435 

—0.5 

428 

432 

0.5 
439 
446 
1 
453 
447 
—1.5 
438 
443 
—0.5 
440 
440 

0.5 
500 
488 

521 
509 

6.5 
500 
503 

15 
325 
327 

26.5 
250 
214 

23 
450 
510 

27.5 
502 
494 

10 
405 
438 

28 
418 
409 

23.5 



2.0 

462. 5 



480 



528 
540 

3 
518 
583 
—8 
COO 
598 
—5 
493 
476 
—4 
493 
513 

3 
453 
450 
—4 
500 
498 
—0 
452 
462 

— 11 
475 
473 

—13.5 
465 
472 

- 15. 5 
459 
457 

—10.5 
435 
452 
— I 
465 
463 
—3.5 
435 



—4 
422 
418 

2 

429 
429 


429 
432 

1 
440 
445 

1 
440 
440 

1 
445 
445 

1 
442 
440 

2 
456 
446 

6 
492 
496 

7.5 
511 
523 

15. 5 

336 

334 

27 

354 

380 

23 

398 

438 

26.5 

405 

402 

18 
403 
419 

29.5 
425 
432 

25 



2* 



515 



9 

648 

750 
2.5 

558 

554 

—8 

601 

559 

—4 

525 

506 

—3 

483 

504 
3 

480 

520 

—3 

485 

473 

—5.5 

513 

562 
— 11.5 

468 

469 
—12.5 

475 

473 
—12.5 

445 

446 

—9.5 

435 

445 

—0.5 

436 

433 

—2.5 

451 



—1 

430 

431 

—0.5 

427 

424 

0.5 
425 
431 

1 
435 
437 

2 
437 
437 

2 
451 
448 

2 
583 



444 
445 
7 
493 
486 
8 
564 
568 

16.5 
361 
361 

26.5 
442 
445 

22.5 
454 
526 

26.5 
442 
460 

19 
522 
494 

29.5 
426 
426 



626 



12 
540 
694 

578 



542 

556 

— 3. 5 

572 

591 

—2.5 

474 

492 
1.5 

528 

528 

—3 

534 

522 

— 5 

760 

848 
—11.5 

478 

488 
—13 

477 

473 
—11 

448 

446 

—9 

458 

448 

—0.5 

433 

435 

—2.5 

450 



3.5 

458.3 



• 4.2 

481.8 



3 
430 
431 
—1.5 
442 
448 

0.5 
460 
450 

2 
427 
427 

2.5 
438 
440 

2 
453 
461 

2 
596 
602 

490 
489 

7.5 
564 
554 

8.5 
613 
614 

16.5 
376 
374 

28 
503 
449 

24 
488 
558 

25 
592 
614 

18.5 
491 
519 

29.5 
388 
403 

25.5 



619 



6' 



528 



14 
767 
652 

2.5 
579 
554 
—6 
470 
472 
—1 
568 
582 
—0.5 
434 
500 

2.5 
480 
402 
_) 

474 
478 
—4 
618 
632 
—10. 5 
504 
512 
-11 
454 
450 
— S.5 
472 
468 
— 0.5 
499 
481 

0.5 
460 
438 


461 



4.6 
510.7 



430 
410 


480 
472 

2 
422 
430 

4.5 
436 
436 

5 
477 
471 

4 
458 
476 

2.5 
667 
651 

4 
554 
522 

8 
520 
521 

8.5 
640 
651 
18.5 
396 
386 



468 
543 

1.5 
640 
658 
—6 
578 
584 
—1 
624 
614 
—1 
489 
501 

o 

508 

484 

—3 

566 

538 

—3.5 

434 

429 
—10.5 

517 

516 
—11 

463 

453 

—9 

461 

467 

—7 

526 

541 
0.0 

437 

441 

— I 

453 



Jr. 



556 
433 

24 
590 
548 

24.5 
581 
569 

18.5 
489 
495 

29 
446 
472 

24.5 



5.9 
512. 1 



5 
451 
437 


456 
458 

2 
472 
474 

3.5 
439 
439 

5 
445 
446 

2.5 
478 
490 

3.5 
551 
623 

4 
504 
533 

9.5 
616 
592 

9 

649 

653 

19.5 

448 

442 

25 

587 

559 

25.5 

528 

570 

23 

430 

361 

20 

426 

430 

29 

454 

465 

24 



10 

510 

571 


352 

174 

—6.5 

590 

612 

—1.5 

616 

622 

— 1.5 

485 

485 
2 

497 

497 

—3.5 

470 

564 

—4.5 

669 

678 
—11 

506 

508 
—11-5 

464 

468 
—10 

464 

464 

t-8 

440 

442 

—1 

508 

504 

2 

480 . 



1G 1 ' 



480 



407 
454 
—1 
446 
455 

1 
460 
458 

2. 5 
454 
456 

4 
461 
469 
—0.5 
527 
553 

2.5 
412 
402 

4 
565 
544 

9 
635 
643 

9 
607 
671 
19 
415 
417 

24.5 

447 

403 

25 

389 

323 

21 

543 

537 

20 

324 

367 

29 

396 

380 



6 

469 

361 

—1.5 

625 

622 

—6.5 

599 

624 

—1 

458 

536 

— 1 5 

490 

484 
2 

575 

517 

—4.5 

594 

380 

— 5 

558 

563 
—11.5 

474 

474 
—12. 5 

431 

45S 
— :2 

466 

4C4 

—9 

355 

306 

—1.5 

493 

471 

—3 

484 



520 

530 

—1.5 

524 

503 

1 
451 
451 

1. 5 
459 
460 

3 
462 
473 

-o. r> 

427 
437 
1.5 

409 

407 

4 

413 

500 

9 

570 

577 

8 

494 

555 

18.5 
534 
516 

23 
404 
405 

25 
373 
385 

20 
468 
466 

20 
392 
406 

28 
443 
415 

21. 



4?9 



40 

170 

—3 

334 

339 

—8 

023 

502 
1 

404 

408 

—3 

439 

441 
(I 

4(78 

449 

—6 

410 

388 

— i 

448 

442 
— 13.1 

4 SO 

487 
—14 

485 

460 
—14 

467 

467 

—8 

315 

390 

—4 

515 

481 

450' 



5 I 



525 
365 
_:;. 3 
482 
407 
— 1 
450 
458 


437 
453 

1 
439 
434 
-2.5 
429 
452 
—9.5 
391 
370 

3.5 
401 
472 

8 
324 
308 

8 

482 

4S1 

19.5 

4 3 

ISO 

20 

486 

176 

25 

268 

220 

18 

525 

512 

20. 5 

43; 

4:5 

26 
414 
416 

20. 5 



3.'0 



8.5 
463 
509 

— 1 
221 
243 
—S.5 
44:: 
447 

575 
662 

— 4 5 

518 

520 

— 1.5 
453 

403 
— 1.5 

30 
230 
—8 
493 
40! 

— 15 
403 
515 

— 13.3 
491 



470 
465 
— S 
383 
372 
— 5 
388 
304 



1.5 
OhS 

573 

—4. 5 

400 

4.-3 

—1.5 

432 

400 

—I 

466 

4.37 

—1 

402 

490 

—4 

352 

341 



254 

307 

3 

5S9 

503 

7 

000 

618 

491 
501 

19.5 
295 
170 

18 
334 
332 

25 
484 
596 

17 
414 
408 

21 
4(0 
450 

24.5 
471 
474 

20 S 



9.5 
444 
420 

430 
527 

- 9. 5 
390 
389 

— 1 
438 
539 
— 5 
50J 
492 
— 2. 5 
375 
303 
—8. 5 
384 

90 

—9 

401 

425 
—10 

485 

330 
—17 

470 

452 
— 10 

408 

470 

—8. 5 

398 

369 

—6.5 

544 

491 

«-S. 5 

4-4 



1 
4C« 
494 
—5 
395 
410 
—3 
438 ' 
434 
—2.5 
4-16 
489 
— 2. 5 
513 
468 
— 5 
450 
486 
—3 

43.; 

413 

2 

510 

530 

504 
503 
7 
446 
444 

1 :i. 5 

33.3 
380 

16 

(-41-') 

(-49-?) 

25 

360 

1.31 

15 

i — 10— .') 

(-10-') 

20. 5 

260 

190 

.3 

431 

433 

2 1 



5.4 
510. 3 



4. ; 
489.1 



3.9 
41.9 



2.8 
419. I 



2 
439. 1 



1.0 
4i 0. 2 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 



497 



ometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, March, 1883. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



II' 1 


Noon. 


18*. 


14b 


15" 


10" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20 1 


21'' 


22" 


23" 


Date. 


440 


441 


332 


80 


422 


104 


40 


500 


116 


(-40-?) 

(-40-?) 

4.5 


120 


516 


578 


u 


10.5 


10 


10 


8.5 


8.5 


7.5 


7 


6 


5 


4 


3.5 


4 


230 


(-40-?) 


318 


(—40—?) 


250 


276 


(-40-?) 


377 


333 


367 


290 


499 


356 


I 3 


212 


325 


291 


(—40-?) 


245 


316 


(—40—?) 


358 


310 


520 


503 


439 


465 


—5.5 


—6.5 


—8 


—9.5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—11 


—10.5 


—11 


—10.5 


—10.5 


—10.5 


— 9. i 




557 


520 


475 


480 


337 


399 


318 


110 


336 


412 


389 


506 


525 


I 3 


525 


509 


482 


503 ■ 


346 


418 


367 


70 


186 


417 


360 


520 


.447 


—10 


10 


—10 


—10.5 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—9 


—9.5 


-10 


—10 


—9 


— 7. C 




470 


384 


423 


385 


415 


420 


240 


325 


319 


352 


410 


469 


487 


\* 


452 


. 437 


515 


378 


396 


388 


260 


343 


337 


350 


429 


482 


503 


2 


— 2.5 


—3.5 


—4.5 


—5 


—5 


—5 


—5 


—6 


—6.5 


-7 


—6.5 


—5.5 




430 


352 


438 


458 


409 


324 


441 


413 


489 


538 


487 


490 


473 


I 5 


394 


503 


405 


456 


420 


355 


447 


445 


492 


530 


492 


463 


476 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—6 


-6 


—0 


—5 


—3.5 


2 


—1.5 





1 


1.5 




518 


474 


410 


463 


385 


259 


297 


395 


359 


223 


160 


461 


491 


I 6 


470 


479 


344 


409 


390 


389 


270 


418 


419 


260 


132 


475 


493 


—3 


—3.5 


—4.5 


—5 


—6 


—6.5 


—6.5 


—6. 5 


—7.5 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—8 


—7 




350 


503 


534 


368 


234 


360 


347 


(-40-0 


90 


528 


517 


483 


512 


}' 


302 


528 


490 


394 


195 


341 


338 


(—40-0 


170 


523 


533 


485 


507 


—9.5 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—11 


—11 


—11 


—10. 5 


—11 


—11 


— 1L 


—10 


—8.5! 


235 


434 


258 


479 


(—40—?) 


205 


275 


455 


442 


357 


85 


120 


370 h 8 
410 ij ° 


124 


444 


207 


500 


(-40-?) 


160 


290 


469 


446 


300 


152 


143 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10.5 


— 10.5 


—10. 5 


—10.5 


—10 


—10.5 


—11 


—11 


—11 


—11 


450 


472 


410 


455 


520 


474 


342 


25 


(-40-?) 


290 


482 


501 


481 ! ( „ 

478 I J 


390 


479 


400 


510 


509 


486 


366 


12 


(—40-0 


300 


473 


500 


—16.5 


—17 


—17.5 


—18 


—18 


—18 


—18.5 


—17 


-17.5 


— 17.5 


—17.5 


—17.5 


— 16. 5] 


562 


485 


471 


370 


241 


378 


351 


350 


202 


262 


410 


442 


4SS hi) 
485 '5 10 


535 


540 


503 


398 


244 


392 


339 


350 


173 


207 


406 


450 


—18 


—18.5 


—19 


—19 


—19 


—18.5 


—19 


—18 


—18.5 


—18.5 


—18. 5 


—18.5 


— 18.5 


503 


452 


200 


82 


378 


336 


328 


434 


462 


479 


482 


475 


465 l U 
463 5 


442 


465 


224 


150 


377 


331 


329 


445 


464 


480 


484 


480 


—17 


—17.5 


—17.5 


— 18 


—18.5 


—18 


-18 


—17.5 


—17.5 


—17.5 


—17 


—10 


—16 


464 


465 


468 


459 


290 


226 


458 


470 


350 


490 


400 


406 


5T4 i} 12 


415 


469 


471 


468 


264 


196 


509 


441 


280 


478 


362 


429 


-9 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—9.5 


—9 


—8 


—8 


-7.5 


—7 


—6 


—1 


125 


265 


417 


(-40-?) 


420 


434 


315- 


433 


472 


485 


480 


477 


4/0 [ >. 


243 


302 


442 


(-40-?) 


455 


492 


309 


438 


455 


471 


483 


484 


—7.5 


7.5 


—7.5 


—8 


—8.5 


—9 


—8.5 


—8 


—8.5 


—8.5 


—8 


—7.5 


—0 ' 


357 


(—40—?) 


10 


270 


383 


454 


414 


361 


349 


483 


463 


507 


491 1 Jl4 

484 5 


379 


(-40-?) 


42 


264 


400 


460 


449 


382 


369 


514 


490 


510 


—9.5 


—10 


—10 


—10 


—10.5 


—11 


—11 


—10.5 


—11 


—10.5 


—10 


—9.5 


— 6. 5! 


249 


388 


412 


434 


455 


377 


381 


427 


412 


430 


453 


45 L 


438 


} U 


—0.5 


—1 


—2 


—2.5 


—3 


—3 


—4 


—3.5 


—3 


—3 


2 


— 1.5 





451 


466 


457 


462 


465 


338 


333 


227 


3S2 


481 


464 


435 


til I}" 


438 


405 


459 


470 


440 


332 


332 


193 


415 


490 


400 


462 


—5.5 


—6 


—6 


—6.5 


—6 


—6 


—5.5 


—5 


—5 


—4.5 


—3.5 


—3 


—0.5 


468 


429 


400 


417 


440 


455 


422 


379 


408 


453 


426 


386 


453 


}17 


425 


430 


435 


418 


388 


462 


418 


372 


402 


467 


438 


412 


449 


—3.5 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—4.5 


-^ 


—4 


—2.5 


—3 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—1 







490 


442 


475 


135 


305 


438 


439 


496 


441 


432 


399 


459 


450 




439 


470 


479 


54 


328 


454 


437 


457 


442 


437 


402 


453 


419 j 10 


—3.5 


-4.5 


—4.5 


-5.5 


—6 


—6 


—6.5 


—6 


—6 


—5.5 


— 5 


—3 


—1 1 


500 


336 


430 


357 


461 


450 


409 


370 


410 


450 


470 


472 


m !Ji9 

450 !5 


465 


339 


455 


368 


454 


454 


468 


352 


414 


448 


464 


475 


—3.5 


—4 


—5 


—5.5 


—6 


—6 


—6.5 


—6 


—6 


—5.5 


• — 5 


—4 


—2.5, 


373 


475 


455 


462 


467 


471 


456 


478 


474 


460 


467 


459 


JS $20 

4o6 


455 


471 


409 


466 


470 


476 


466 


470 


471 


462 


409 


467 


—6 


—6.5 


—7 


— 7 


—7 


—7 


—7.5 


—7 


—7 


—6.5 


—5 


—4 






460 


458 


379 


459 


323 


270 


248 


455 


322 


—20 


(—40—0 


264 


314 


\-n 


503 


456 


387 


462 


232 


256 


187 


455 


340 


00 


(—40—?) 


240 


312 


-^ 


—4.5 


—4.5 


—4.5 


—4,5 


—4 


—4 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 





—0.5 


1 1 


162 


356 


320 


375 


400 


384 


267 


2.16 


222 


104 


263 


452 


538 ! \ 99 

540 \V Z 


218 


375 


339 


403 


373 


360 


253 


378 


227 


203 


294 


457 


1.5 


1.5 


1.5 


2 


2 


2 


2.5 


3.5 


3 


3 


X5 


4.5 


5.5 


552 


515 


343 


(—40—?) 


230 


240 


240 


240 


243 


| 338 


472 


470 


SS I} 23 


514 


514 


343 


(—10-?) 


230 


240 


240 


240 


256 


376 


438 


452 


7 


6.5 


6 


5.5 


5.5 


5 


4 


4.5 


6 


5.5 


5 


5 


5.5 


510 


502 


502 


521 


513 


400 


424 


416 


462 


516 


507 


499 


482 i?24 
481 | J M 


552 


502 


501 


519 


511 


406 


373 


406 


400 


523 


511 


495 


6 


6 


6 


6 


6 


5.5 


6 


6.5 


8 


10 


11 


13 


14.5 


434 


422 


428 


349 


405 


446 


449 


451 


452 


1 202 


196 


292 


319 jU 5 

319 j- 


422 


410 


435 


361 


430 


446 


449 


451 


452 


196 


■182 


299 


19.5 


20 


20 


21 


21.5 


22 


22 


21 


21 


| 23 


24 


24.5 


27 | 


325 


376 


412 


451 


445 


418 


393 


311 


374 


195 


152 


(—40—?) 


140 !? 9R 
120 \\ 26 


315 


337 


385 


436 


270 


403 


395 


288 


398 


210 


161 


(—40— ?) 


15 


14.5 


14.5 


14.5 


14.5 


14 


14 


15 


15 


17 


18.5 


19.5 


21 


(—40-?) 


246 


378 


135 


254 


148 


274 


265 


(—40—?) 


20 


52 


188 


293 


| 27 


<— 40 — 


254 


383 


206 


284 


200 


263 


225 


(^0— ?) 


(-40—?) 


15 


145 


2:0 


24.5 


24.5 


24 


23.5 


23 


23 


22 


22.5 


23 


24 


25 


26.5 


27 




270 


71 


255 


268 


374 


160 


395 


180 


290 


105 


382 


305 


504 


^28 


322 


(-40-?) 


372 


382 


224 


88 


327 


155 


260 


92 


369 


350 


402 


13.5 


12 


10 


9.5 


8 


7 


6.5 


7.5 


8 


9 


10 


12.5 


14.5 




219 


178 


375 


300 


12 


300 


173 


105 


55 


382 


470 


450 


402 


?29 


264 


245 


147 


286 


59 


328 


181 


47 


95 


359 


230 


552 


456 


19.5 


20 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


19 


20 


21 


21 


22 


24 


26 




299 


258 


425 


221 


445 


376 


175 


382 


390 


461 


388 


383 


•119 


}30 


336 


262 


434 


293 


378 


391 


236 


392 


394 


442 


374 


395 


432 


21.5 


20.5 


20 


19 


17.5 


16.5 


15 


15 


15 


15.5 


17 


19 


20.5 




321 


216 


264 


356 


334 


229 


20 


180 


282 


362 


422 


482 


411 


}n 


315 


443 


298 


372 


375 


190 


78 


200 


283 


360 


400 


399 


402 


20 


19.5 


19 


18 


17 


16 


16 


16.5 


16.5 


17.5 


19.5 


20.5 


21 




0.3 


—0.1 


— 0. 5 


—0.9 


-1.2 


—1.4 


—1.5 


—0.9 


—0.9 


—0.6 


0.0 


0.9 I 


2.1 




375.2 


372.4 


383.2 


326.7 


346.9 


341.0 


313.5 


329.2 


318.0 


345.4 


357.4 


411.3 

1 


441.4 





H. Ex. 44- 



-63 



Monthly means : Temperature, 1°.5; readings, 409.5 



498 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet 



[One division of scale = .00007GO 



Date. 



Apr. J { 

Temperature 

Apr. 2 { 

Temperature 

Apr. 3 \ 

Temperature 

Apr. 4 \ 

Temperature 

Apr. 5 ] 

Temperature 

Apr. J 

Temperature 

Apr. 7 < 

Temperature 

Apr 8 ^ 

Temperature 

Apr. | 

Temperature 

Apr. 10 [ 

Temperature 

Apr. 11 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 12 I 

Temperature 

Apr. 13 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 14 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 15 < 

Temperature 

Apr. 16 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 17 < 

Temperature 

Apr. 18 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 19 \ 

Temperature 

Apr. 20 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 21 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 22 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 23 i 

Temperature 

Apr. 24 | 

Temperature 

Apr.25 5 

Temperature 

Apr. 26 £ 

Temperature 

Apr.27 \ 

Tcmperaturo 

Apr. 28 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 29 | 

Temperature 

Apr. 30 | 

Temperature 

Mean temperature. . . 
Mean readings. 



h 



422 
418 
21.5 
399 



13.5 

400 

376 

9 

-40?) 

-40?) 

6.5 

392 

397 

0.5 
358 
369 
13.5 
356 
358 

9.5 
361 
352 

356 
364 

5.5 
345 
344 

5.5 
344 
344 

9.5 
320 
322 

11 
376 
376 

16 
365 
307 

19 
367 
369 

18 
342 



24.5 
358 
349 
8 
352 
353 

9.5 
365 
369 

5 
343 
351 

11 
354 
359 

21.5 
328 
325 

2C 
346 
351 

21.5 
348 
317 

17 
370 
354 

20.5 
510 
476 

27 
418 
432 

24 
382 
396 

28 
365 
364 

28 
374 
375 



15. 5 

35.5. 5 



398 



20 
396 
387 

13.5 
382 
391 

10 
198 
211 
8 
432 
419 

6.5 
408 
421 

15. 5 
360 
356 

10 
359 
352 

8.5 
350 
356 

5.5 
346 
352 
6 
349 
350 

11 
315 
318 

12.5 
338 
336 

17.5 
373 
374 

20.5 
356 



2 h 



428 



20 
351 
318 

24 
333 
334 

10 
351 
352 

10 
373 
375 
7 
248 
253 

12.5 
318 
321 

22 
354 
353 

21 
320 
321 

21 
335 
336 

18 
250 
193 

20.5 
423 
442 

28 
471 
446 

25.5 
363 
363 

29 
362 
355 

29 
394 
39G 

27 



16.3 
353. 



20 
379 
377 

13.5 
399 
399 

jrt.5 

44^ 
423 

9.5 
340 
359 
8 
351 
353 

16.5 
352 
348 

12 
375 
373 

8.5 
369 
369 

5.5 
352 
345 

7.5 
395 
393 

12 
315 
313 

13.5 
356 
355 

17.5 
399 
389 

21.5 
354 



22.5 
418 
417 

23 
346 
344 
8 
353 
352 

11.5 
393 
403 

8.5 
353 
303 

14 
374 
372 

22.5 
342 
346 

20 
338 
340 

21.5 
328 
330 

19 
100 
183 

21.5 
420 
258 

28 
500 
500 

28.5 
382 
353 

31 
374 
379 

30 
368 
375 

27 



17.2 
364. 9 



406 



20.5 
390 
370 

12.5 
375 
373 

11.5 
409 
443 

9.5 
402 
398 
9 
464 
444 

16 
380 
367 

12 
376 
384 
9 
353 
368 
8 
"343 
343 

7.5 
451 
454 

11.5 
327 
337 

13.5 
354 
352 

18 
405 
419 

22 
347 



21 
452 
460 

21.5 
342 
348 
8 
360 
348 

11 
510 
522 

8.5 
725 
735 

14.5 
361 
379 

23.5 
348 
344 

19.5 



20.5 
344 
343 

18.5 
829 
897 

22.5 
409 
401 

28 
446 
478 

28 
389 
411 

31 
379 
390 

28.5 
414 
336 

26.5 



17.0 
418.7 



474 



22 

423 
423 

13.5 
379 
378 

9.5 
460 
488 

10 
416 
400 

10 
457 
465 

16.5 
332 
348 

13 
379 
384 

9.5 
350 
340 

9.5 
392 
390 
9 
383 
391 

13 
359 
360 

14.5 
367 
367 

18.5 
393 
396 

23.5 
354 



22.5 
444 
426 

21 
402 
412 

9.5 
356 
350 

12 
613 
614 

10.5 
667 
645 

16.5 
431 
430 

25 
346 
350 

19.5 
357 
353 

21.5 
350 
351 

19 
516 
508 

23 
452 
570 

29 
499 
557 

30 
443 
448 

32.5 
346 
338 

30.5 
404 
416 

27 



18.0 
422.5 



482 



20.5 
402 
399 

13 
370 
386 

9.5 
419 
481 
9 
397 
387 
9 
533 
553 

15 
370 
366 

11.5 
421 
421 
9 
356 
352 

9.5 
374 
372 
9 
391 
389 

12 
361 
361 

15 
374 
372 

18.5 
404 
402 

22.5 
368 



20.5 
450 
442 

20.5 
429 
447 

9.5 
361 
360 

11.5 
393 
397 

10.5 
321 
375 

17 
401 
393 

25 
373 
373 

19 
356 
360 

21.5 
357 
358 

18.5 
527 
471 

24 
556 
559 

29 
528 
529 

30 
410 
416 

32.5 
348 
349 

30.5 
439 
438 

26 



17.6 
410.4 



6* 



437 



22 

445 
454 

12 

475 

476 

9 

468 

484 

7 

393 

4U5 

8 

462 

449 

13.5 
3G0 
376 

10 
405 
386 

7.5 
370 
374 

8.5 
364 
366 

8.5 
4G9 
483 

12 
374 
392 

13.5 
374 
369 

17.5 
381 
381 

21 
382 



23 

407 
407 

19.5 
484 
499 

8.5 
381 
383 

11.5 
362 
384 

10 
576 
570 

16.5 
428 
410 

26 
358 
361 

18.5 
362 
362 

20.5 
365 
365 

18.5 
421 
411 

24.5 
406 
298 

28 
488 
524 

30 
466 
469 

32.5 
365 
3G5 

30 
434 
420 

24.5 



17.1 
416.9 



518 



590 



20.5 
501. 
428 

11 

518 

555 

7 

416 

408 

6 

402 

388 

7 

445 

436 

12 

379 

399 

7 

420 

381 

5 

391 

392 

7 

371 

378 ' 

8 
416 
417 

11 
448 
447 

13 
399 
411 

16.5 
396 
398 

20 
364 



20 

360 
372 

18.5 
418 
422 

7.5 
370 
395 

10 
407 
423 

9.5 
576 
551 

16 
413 
413 

25.5 
369 
370 

18 
349 
345 

19 
381 
381 

18 
399 
414 

22 
520 
508 

27.5 
514 
502 

28.5 
415 
412 

31.5 
378 
387 

27. 5 
477' 
466 

24 



15.8 
423. 6 



19.5 
505 
529 

8 
394 
456 

5 
279 
349 

4 
426 
480 

5.5 
422 
443 
11 
344 
368 

5 
366 
379 

3. 5 
384 
384 

5.5 
367 
367 

7.5 
439 
402 

9.5 
409 
388 
11.5 
486 
461 
15 
362 
364 

17.5 
381 



19.5 
354 
412 

16 

452 

473 

6 

358 

380 

7 

483 

450 

8 

378 

385 

15.5 
394 
404 

24.5 
372 
356 

16.5 
336 
340 

17 
384 
381 

17 
331 
337 

22 
405 
385 

26 
483 
435 

26 
429 
455 

29.5 
460 
456 

26 
448 
462 

22. 5 



14.2 
411.1 



8* 



579 



17 
320 
330 

6 
330 
394 

3.5 
110 
160 

3 
381 
378 

5 
418 
408 
10 
373 
4U7 

3.5 
423 
414 

1.5 
424 
420 

4 
373 
377 

359 
36) 
8 
411 
416 

10 
403 
397 

14 
370 
383 

15. 5 
415 



IG" 



19.5 
412 
3K9 

14 

408 

396 

4 

442 

443 

5 

303 

345 

7 

407 

364 

15 
360 
370 

24 
391 
432 

15 
382 
330 

15 
403 
392 

15.5 
222 
258 

21 

100 

(—40?) 

25 
420 
370 

24 
428 
439 

27 
427 
470 

24.5 
474 
447 

21 



12.8 
374.8 



447 



16.5 
580 
464 

5 
100 
155 

2 
444 
441 


6J 
GO 

4 
348 
341 

9 
374 
3<i7 

2 
348 
3UJ 


337 
386 

1.5 
376 
380 

G.5 
276 
180 

7 
36-S 
392 

IS. 5 
356 
319 
13 
4l9 
410 
14 
418 



19.5 
474 
406 

12 

373 

372 

2 

400 

346 

3 

143 

193 

6 

110 

25 

14.5 
374 
357 

23 
3G8 
381 

14 
356 
379 

13 
397 
413 

14.5 
268 
282 

20 
319 
340 

24 
391 
369 

22.5 
372 
418 

24 
400 
442 

23 
425 
414 

20 



11.5 
344.3 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



499 



mnetcr at Uglaamie, Alaska, April, 1883. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



n 1 ' 


Noon. 


13* 


14h 


15 b 


w 


K» 


18* 


19' 


20 h 


21* 


22* 


2Z b 


Date. 


340 


324 


93 


328 


398 


359 


330 


226 


367 


429 


371 


439 


391 


1 1 


15.5 


14.5 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9.5 


9 


9.5 


9.5 


11 


11 




345 


504 


427 


261 


310 


209 


224 


(-40?) 


333 


390 


362 


341 


354 


I 2 


378 


402 


240 


200 


247 


293 


270 


(—40?) 


336 


399 


308 


339 


308 


4 


2.5 


1 





—1 


—1.5 


—2 


1.5 





0.5 


3.5 


5 


7 




£5 


320 


(—40 ?) 


273 


504 


419 


(—40?) 


438 


(—40?) 


350 


351 


352 


313 


I 3 


122 


274 


(—40?) 


382 


432 


493 


(-40?) 


476 


(-40?) 


390 


340 


399 


206 





—1.5 


—2 


—3 


—4 


—5 


—5 


—4 


—3 


—1.5 


—0.0 


2.5 


4.5 




320 


3S1 


237 


301 


260 


190 


185 


120 


(-40 ?) 


180 


218 


369 


310 


I 4 


352 


204 


204 


289 


240 


210 


244 


122 


(-40?) 


132 


135 


362 


352 


—1 


—2 


—3 


—4 


—4.5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—5 


—4 


—3 


—1.5 





3.5 




130 


350 


370 


205 


(—40?) 


242 


320 


336 


356 


121 


202 


263 


316 


\ 5 


149 


321 


379 


304 


(—40?) 


236 


319 


343 


298 


108 


270 


250 


319 


3 


2.5 


2.5 


2 


2 


1.5 


2 


3 


3.5 


5 


6.5 


9 


10.5 




198 


30") 


321 


349 


132 


190 


258 


260 


313 


350 


334 


366 


347 


\ G 


220 


375 


375 


332 


153 


218 


260 


280 


298 


303 


334 


370 


349 


8 


6.5 


6 


5.5 


5 


4.5 


4.5 


5 


5 


5 


G 


7.5 


9 




38U 


389 


390 


359 


335 


363 


379 


380 


381 


382 


380 


372 


367 


\ 7 


428 


312 


357 


354 


108 


354 


382 


380 


384 


381 


383 


370 


302 


—0.5 


—1 


—1.5 


—2 


2 


-2.5 


—2 


—1 





1 


2 


3.5 


4.5 




305 


342 


225 


345 


238 


20 


160 


108 


202 


316 


330 


363 


326 


\ 8 


354 


374 


257 


336 


257 


00 


190 


00 


193 


302 


327 


372 


328 


—2 


—3.5 


—4.5 


—5.5 


-6 


—0 


—6 


—5 


—3.5 


—3 


— 1 


1 


3.5 




334 


298 


421 


(—40?) 


308 


373 


330 


326 


329 


396 


352 


331 


374 


} ° 


302 


304 


377 


(-10?) 


327 


387 


327 


315 


335 


387 


350 


338 


374 


1 


0.5 


—0.5 


—1.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—2.5 


—1.5 





3 


3.5 


4.5 


5. 5 




428 


389 


145 


360 


290 


353 


420 


350 


370 


381 


354 


322 


300 


[lO 


302 


400 


217 


395 


325 


332 


426 


349 


366 


380 


300 


334 


364 


5 


5 


5 


4.5 


3.5 


4 


4 


4 


K 





6.5 


7.5 


0.5 




125 


363 


336 


338 


346 


341 


356 


284 


352 


281 


311 


331 


324 


J 11 


134 


352 


348 


349 


354 


346 


371 


296 


350 


292 


324 


333 


330 





5 


4.5 


4=-5 


4 


4.5 


4.5 


5 


5.5 


6.5 


7 





10.5 




347 


374 


95 


232 


102 


357 


344 


290 


182 


310 


394 


388 


300 


[ 12 


438 


344 


• 226 


244 


217 


347 


333 


282 


100 


309 


388 


350 


3"8 


7 


5.5 


4.5 


4 


3.5 


4 


5 


6 


7 


9.5 


11 


13 5 


15 




3S3 


367 


302 


280 


295 


253 


319 


274 


(-40?) 


202 


388 


3fc3 


309 


) 


309 


330 


263 


371 


235 


253 


320 


277 


(-40?) 


207 


3S4 


389 


307 


/ 13 


11.5 


9.5 


8.5 


7.5 


6.5 


6 


6.5 


7.5 


8 


10 


12 


14.5 


17.5 




378 


402 


362 


395 


388 


318 


359 


378 


376 


388 


392 


381 •' 


364 


jl4 


403 


386 


392 


410 


382 


365 


346 


382 


386 


385 


390 


378 


365 


12.5 


10.5 


10 


8.5 


8 


8 


8 


8.5 


10 


11.5 


13 


15.5 


17 




392 


359 


377 


373 


334 


280 


(—40 ?) 


350 


377 


412 


387 


382 


345 


I 15 


18 


18 


18 


18 


17 


17 


17 


16.5 


17.5 


19 


21 


22 


25 




402 


89 


434 


332 


297 


3G6 


338 


389 


399 


315 


321 


377 


358 


ho 


383 


185 


447 


370 


340 


272 


410 


400 


415 


313 


325 


373 


367 


9.5 


9 


7 


5.5 


4 


3 


2.5 


3.5 


4 


4 


5 





6 




305 


364 


227 


350 


331 


357 


35G 


382 


303 


377 


380 


383 


300 


[l7 


357 


475 


198 


361 


328 


330 


308 


3S0 


304 


373 


3s6 


375 


304 


1 


—1 


—2.5 


—3.5 


—4 


—4 


—4 


—2 


—1 





2 


4.5 


7 




347 


332 


428 


310 


290 


347 


170 


179 


210 


329 


330 


318 


343 


| IS 


278 


284 


416 


382 


358 


253 


150 


140 


200 


332 


331 


321 


345 


1 


—1.5 


—3 


—4 


—5 


—5.5 


—5.5 


—4.5 


- 3.5 


—3.5 





3 


5. 5 




820 


7 


206 


304 


371 


122 


243 


290 


(—40?) 


118 


(-40?) 


(—40?, 


102 


I 10 


335 


38 


272 


288 


302 


89 


203 


280 


(—40?) 


150 


(—40?) 


(-40?) 


195 


4.5 


4 


3.5 


2.5 


3 


3 


3 


4.5 


4.5 





8 


9 


11 




250 


285 


380 


67 


335 


400 


259 


309 


(-40?) 


304 


305 


450 


409 


i20 


294 


272 


369 


95 


242 


413 


238 


380 


(-40?) 


369 


299 


435 


399 


14 


13 


13 


12 


12 


12.5 


13 


14 


15 


17 


18 


20 


21.5 




345 


138 


300 


341 


321 


373 


391 


372 


387 


370 


305 


353 


353 


[21 


370 


260 


254 


347 


328 


378 


388 


360 


392 


300 


300 


300 


354 


21 


20.5 


20 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


19 


18.5 


18.5 


18.5 


19 


20 




381 


327 


390 


342 


384 


390 


292 


235 


384 


416 


303 


334 


352 


[22 


325 


337 


398 


339 


373 


388 


280 


250 


392 


414 


308 


331 


350 


12.5 


11 


11 


10 


10 


10.5 


11 


12 


13.5 


15 


18.5 


19.5 


21 




430 


369 


418 


404 


401 


268 


307 


374 


394 


388 


337 


300 


300 


|23 


408 


394 


378 


367 


332 


274 


308 


375 


395 


394 


333 


307 


300 


11 


10 


9.5 


S 


7.5 


7.5 


7.5 


9 


10.5 


12 


13.5 


15 


17 




370 


395 


441 


445 


442 


479 


220 


400 


402 


(—40 ?) 


—25 


(-40 ?) 


—10 


\ 2 * 


389 


388 


400 


410 


459 


505 


244 


548 


359 





102 


(—40?) 


(-40 ?) 


12 


11.5 


11 


10 


10 


10.5 


11 


12.5 


14 


10 


18 


18 


20.5 




331 


195 


78 


120 


292 


360 


335 


270 


372 


340 


457 


270 


261 


^25 


348 


154 


208 


13 


272 


353 


327 


259 


201 


309 


450 


370 


209 


18 


17 


17 


17 


17 


17 


18 


19.5 


20 


21. 5 


23 


25 


27 




358 


378 


295 


364 


405 


355 


240 


40 


(-40?) 


(-40?) 


292 


331 


394 


^26 


370 


329 


312 


341 


381 


303 


239 


(-40?) 


150 


—30 


320 


410 


489 


23 


21.5 


20.5 


20 


19.5 


19.5 


19 


20 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 




370 


(-40?) 


286 


124 


90 


158 


297 


245 


260 


340 


219 


318 


427 


I 27 


204 ' 


35 


223 


169 


170 


271 


289 


209 


252 


344 


332 


319 


417 


21.5 


•20 


19 


18 


17.5 


17.5 


18 


19 


19 


21 


22 


27 


28 




375 


?"7 


286 


319 


283 


278 


285 


242 


209 


301 


380 


393 


378 


^28 


382 


280 


362 


258 


210 


251 


286 


245 


278 


300 


388 


395 


377 


23.5 


22 


21 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


20.5 


22 


23.5 


25 


20 5 


28 




411 


403 


338 


215 


270 


237 


292 


279 


299 


141 


327 


392 


372 


|29 


418 


380 


332 


257 


283 


245 


308 


274 


297 


159 


325 


395 


370 


21.5 


20 


19 


18 


17.5 


17.5 


17 


18 


18 


19 


22 


24 


25 




432 


390 


140 


295 


205 


215 


227 


117 


72 


-35 


3 


176 


375 


^30 


428 


402 


45 


369 


237 


247 


153 


105 


12 


(-40?) 


03 


189 


380 


18.5 


17.5 


10 


15 


15 


14.5 


14 


15 


15 


15. 5 


10.5 


19 


19 
14.5 




10.0 


8.9 


8.2 


7.3 


0.8 


6.0 


0.7 


7.0 


8.0 


9.5 


11.0 


12.8 




330.3 


311. , 


230. S 


291.9 


299.4 


303.9 


276.1 


274.6 


215.1 


289.0 


310.3 


329.4 


339.9 





Monthly ineam: T{ 'nporature, 12°. 1; readings, 341.5 



500 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the BrooJce oiftlar mar/net 

[One division of scale— 0000760 



Date. 



h 



3 b 



5» 



b> 



8* 



9" 



10 b 



Mayl \ 

Temperature 

May2 J 

Temperature 

May3 J 

Temperature 

May 4 J 

Temperature 

May5 | 

Temperature 

May6 \ 

Temperature 

May 7 ] 

Temperature 

May8 ^ 

Temperature 

May9 £ 

Temperature 

May 10 \ 

Temperature 

May 11 J 

Temperature 

May 12 $ 

Temperature 

May 13 ^ 

Temperature 

May 14 $ 

Temperature 

May 15 | 

Temperature 

May 16 5 

Temperature 

May 17 £ 

Temperature 

May 18 $ 

Temperature 

May 19 | 

Temperature 

May20 | 

Temperature 

May21 $ 

Temperature 

May22 ^ 

Temperature 

May23 j 

Temperature 

May24 J 

Temperature 

May 25 5 

Temperature 

May26 i 

Temperature 

May 27 j 

Temperature 

May28 ^ 

Temperature 

May 29 J 

Temperature 

May 30 $ 

Temperature 

May31 J 

Temperature 

Mean temperature... 
Mean readings 



394 

392 

19 

355 



340 



325 



356 



433 



474 



577 



488 



420 



500 



25 

383 
383 

16 
352 
370 

22 
343 
330 

21 
378 
382 

36 
351 
364 

31.5 
362 
362 

29.5 
353 
386 

38 
359 
352 

35 
360 
355 

40 
385 
385 

37 
372 
372 

37 
364 
368 

33.5 
377 
375 

43 
358 



42 
496 
494 

44 
413 
4!0 

35.5 
384 
385 

37 
400 
409 

39 
389 
376 

42 
501 
620 

42.5 
500 
482 

36 
404 
410 

39 
382 
390 

43 
389 
365 

50 
392 
403 

49 
487 
462 

48 
452 
458 

53 
396 
394 

41 
405 
410 

41 



20 
446 
446 

24 
408 
408 

16.5 
348 
350 

20.5 
352 
353 

21.5 
334 
340 

37.5 
381 
379 

30.5 
362 
366 

31 . 
356 
364 

39.5 
369 
360 

37.5 
356 
352 

40.5 
398 
394 

37.5 
371 
372 

37 
379 
378 

34 



40.5 
380 
377 

41.5 
400 
403 

43 
364 
366 

34.5 
354 
354 

38 
381 
408 

38 
408 
398 

43.5 
463 
468 

44 
466 
486 

37 
419 
420 

40 
458 
486 

43 
332 
324 

51 
382 
376 

50 
520 
558 

49 
384 
382 

54 
350 
352 

41 
453 
451 

42 



20 
623 
594 

24 
428 
428 

17 
354 
353 

20.5 
320 
334 

22.5 
352 
350 

39 
367 
367 

30 
378 
374 

32.5 
377 
363 

39.5 
357 
354 

39 
400 
417 

41.5 
387 
383 

38.5 
382 
384 

37 
389 
390 

34 
364 



19.5 
581 
563 

20.5 
397 
393 

17 
399 
386 

20 
361 
363 

22 
412 
424 

39 
402 
406 

29 
365 
373 

33.5 
358 
374 

38 
358 
356 

38.5 
410 
403 

40 
427 
418 

37.5 
386 
390 

35.5 
486 
494 

34 
364 



20 
554 
534 

20 
377 
386 

17.5 
502 
510 

20 
444 
441 

23.5 
351 
349 

38.5 
465 
462 

30 
391 
387 

33.5 
380 
396 

39 
421 
428 

39.5 
340 
404 

39.5 
467 
466 

36 
372 
387 

35.5 
580 
592 

34 
361 



19 

476 
480 

20 
442 
433 

17 
462 
454 

20 
404 
412 

22.5 
439 
449 

38 
546 
547 

29 
414 
420 

34 
380 
392 

37 
362 
382 

37 
406 
397 

40 
458 
471 

36 
412 
388 

36.5 
683 
661 

33 
400 



19.5 
355 
365 

18 
424 
415 

16.5 
400 
401 

19 
394 
404 

23 
474 
409 

38.5 
496 
468 

26.5 
397 
381 

34 
406 
400 

34.5 
382 
395 

35 
390 
384 

37.5 
479 
478 

36 
424 
418 

35 
740 
722 

32 
449 



18.5 
452 
422 

16 
453 
462 

16 
372 
373 

18 
438 
447 

22 
565 
555 

37 
472 
433 

25 
438 
435 

33 
377 
387 

34.5 
423 
402 

36 
416 
401 

35 
528 
536 

34 
414 
408 

35 
617 
601 

33 
432 



17 
540 
438 

14.5 
406 
430 

15.5 
335 
332 

17 
404 
412 

21.5 
552 
554 

36 
598 
580 

24.5 
396 
391 

32 
444 
418 

33 
390 
386 

34 
419 
414 

33.5 
479 
449 

33 
456 
443 

33 
493 ■ 
474 

32 
407 



16 

289 
276 

13 
419 
473 

14 
403 
407 

15.5 
397 
398 

21 
513 
529 

34.5 
483 
447 

23.5 
411 
410 

31 
466 
420 

32 
388 
415 

32.5 
395 
391 

33 
472 
462 

32 
429 
447 

32 
504 
474 

31 
350 



47.5 
368 
370 

40 
386 
369 

43.5 
556 
548 

35 
389 
391 

38.5 
408 
412 

37.5 
370 
362 

45 
456 
478 

45 
519 
522 

37 
381 
378 

41 
423 
423 

44 
324 
320 

51 
414 
433 

50 
626 
618 

50 
403 
400 

54.5 
352 
403 

40.5 
456 
453 

43 



42 
384 
382 

39 
381 
381 

42.5 
478 
446 

35 
390 
389 

38 
389 
391 

37 
564 
578 

44 
480 
462 

43.5 
418 
429 

36.5 
393 
392 

41 
438 
428 

44.5 
420 
392 

50 
420 
362 

49 
429 
465 

48.5 
446 
426 

53 
449 
457 

39.5 
412 
424 

41.5 



45.5 
470 
474 

39 
369 
375 

42 
362 
371 

35 
396 
400 

38 
381 
378 

37 
481 
507 

44 
554 
552 

43 
632 
634 

36.5 
433 
421 

41 
443 
446 

44 
488 
510 

48.5 
455 
431 

48 
440 
464 

45 
447 
459 

51.5 
496 
510 

40 
513 
530 

41 



46.5 
417 
413 

39.5 
400 
407 

41.5 
510 
506 

34 
424 
422 

36 
384 
390 

36.5 
144 
150 

46 
482 
704 

42 
699 
631 

37 
462 
461 

41 
430 
427 

43.5 
490 
520 

49 
466 
470 

47 
536 
542 

46 
420 
412 

50.5 
503 
517 

40 
557 
543 

40.5 



48 
443 
449 

38 
398 
390 

40 
422 
415 

33 
628 
640 

35 
610 
598 

37 
309 
311 

45 
420 
418 

39 
486 
474 

36 
470 
472 

39.5 
447 
440 

42.5 
453 
451 

48.5 
610 
596 

46 
436 
434 

44.5 
458 
476 

49 
428 
430 

40 
786 
768 

39 



47 
551 
560 

38 
400 
393 

39 
478 
491 

33 
689 
687 

34 
408 
411 

36 
467 
449 

42 
540 
575 

36.5 
610 
590 

35 
475 
486 

38.5 
550 
525 

41 
403 
431 

46 
429 
419 

44 
430 
449 

43 
521 
512 

46 
384 
384 

39 
485 
474 

38.5 



47 
566 
565 

36 
428 
413 

37. 
432 
429 

32 
529 
474 

33 
434 
380 

34 
368 
212 

41 
370 
335 

35 
555 
5S0 

32 
492 
466 

36 
437 
422 

40 
563 
515 

44 
399 
437 

41. 
536 
580 

42 
547 
576 

44 
412 
408 

39 
460 
459 

37 



44 
368 
371 

35 
540 
521 

36 
454 
443 

31 
435 
394 

31.5 
446 
411 

33 
(-40-?) 

50 

37 
457 
352 

33 
365 
340 

32 
590 
510 

34.5 
439' 
449 

39 
468 
500 

43 
440 
469 

39.5 
555 
521 

41 
536 
461 

42.5 
503 
496 

38 
538 
498 

37.5 



37.0 
396.8 



37.3 
391. 3 



38.0 
408.0 



37.0 
416.4 



37.0 
448.3 



36.6 
457.4 



35.6 
469.0 



34.5 
472.9 



33. 1 



31.9 
429.1 



437 



16 

444 
488 

11 
358 
306 

13 
433 
402 

14 
390 
392 

20.5 
413 
411 

33 ' 
415 
413 

23 
450 
436 

30 
435 
379 

30 
396 
405 

31.5 
451 
443 

32.5 
458 
444 

31 
494 
492 

31 
445 
458 

30 
470 



41.5 
499 
520 

34 
4&8 
429 

35 
419 
440 

30.5 
487 
462 

29.5 
406 
400 

31.5 
470 
449 

34 
325 
439 

32 
345 
435 

31.5 
480 
538 

33.5 
439 
4J0 

38 
404 
401 

41 
600 
200 

38.5 
502 
503 

39 
130 
163 

41 
521 
465 

33 
477 
446 

36 5 



30.7 
429.3 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



501 



ometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, May, 1883. 

j-avt of the horizontal force.] 



11* 


Noon. 


13" 


14 h 


15* 


1«» 


17" 


lS h 


m b 


20>> 


21b 


22'' 


23 h 


Date. 


362 


252 


280 


332 


328 


305 


283 


(-40-?) 


83 


192 


216 


237 


218 


} 1 


15 


14 


13 


12 


10 


11 


12.5 


14 


15.5 


18 


20 


22.5 


24 




364 


255 


(-40-?) 


5 


20 


308 


300 


223 


317 


231 


219 


320 


306 


\ 2 


379 


203 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


180 


320 


289 


226 


302 


223 


199 


339 


361 


9.5 


7.5 


6.5 


5.5 


5.5 


5.5 


6 


8 


9 


10.5 


12.5 


14 


10 




210 


364 


(—40—?) 


369 


352 


346 


359 


318 


350 


322 


340 


376 


343 


1 3 


125 


318 


(-40-?) 


289 


340 


341 


357 


310 


348 


331 


337 


373 


360 


11.5 


10 


8.5 


8 


7 


7.5 


9 


11 


12 


13 


14 


17.5 


22 




253 


371 


396 


287 


337 


312 


341 


263 


232 


248 


319 


347 


350 


I 4 


124 


392 


300 


314 


340 


311 


335 


249 


224 


222 


322 


340 


350 


13 


11.5 


11 


10 


10.5 


11 


12 


13.5 


14.5 


16.5 


17.5 


19.5 


21 




374 


380 


350 


225 


131 


246 


223 


198 


176 


(-40-?) 


230 


300 


310 


V K 


375 


379 


332 


231 


157 


215 


212 


181 


172 


(-40-?) 


236 


293 


312 


\ 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20.5 


21 


23 


25 


27 


28.5 


32 


35 




359 


343 


402 


79 


268 


364 


379 


334 


294 


358 


374 


296 


403 


\ 6 


344 


365 


408 


(-40-?) 


297 


363 


384 


303 


286 


352 


380 


294 


400 


32 


31 


31 


31 


32 


32 


32 


32.5 


32 


31.5 


31.5 


32 


32.5 




428 


205 


304 


427 


374 


377 


469 


333 


260 


402 


403 


388 


n 377 


| 7 


445 


236 


207 


445 


356 


380 


488 


328 


272 


405 


409 


392 


378 


22 


22 


21 


21 


21 


21.5 


22.5 


23.5 


24 


25 


26.5 


28 


29.5 




338 


375 


359 


340 


354 


382 


404 


345 


421 


342 


362 


247 


340 


I 8 


342 


355 


341 


32 Li 


385 


387 


401 


334 


417 


337 


348 


364 


343 


29 


27.5 


27 


26.5 


26 


26 


26 


27 


27 


29.5 


31.5 


34 


30.5 




423 


400 


338 


370 


345 


320 


378 


208 


287 


313 


382 


386 


361 


\ 9 


435 


412 


395 


362 


358 


320 


379 


260 


303 


318 


390 


•393 


358 


28.5 


28.5 


28 


27.5 


28 


28 


28 


28 


28 


29 


30 


32 


34 




394 


403 


354 


385 


352 


359 


373 


241 


259 


287 


327 


375 


339 


ho 


380 


415 


381 


397 


345 


3G8 


374 


240 


202 


296 


343 


380 


340 


30 


29 


28 


28 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


31.5 


34 


36.5 


39 


40 




480 


355 


368 


260 


368 


362 


378 


430 


421 


398 


382 


3G1 


380 


|n 


512 


349 


340 


296 


379 


365 


377 


428 


429 


396 


381 


364 


378 


32 


31.5 


31 


30.5 


31 


31 


32 


32. 5 


33.5 


35 


36 


36.5 


38 




427 


385 


402 


400 


384 


387 


378 


378 


396 


416 


357 


355 


381 


|l2 


433 


410 


406 


377 


374 


390 


374 


380 


395 


411 


354 


353 


380 


30 


29.5 


29.5 


29.5 


29 


29 


30 


29.5 


31 


33 


34.5 


36 


37 




442 


430 


435 


387 


322 


384 


253 


160 


290 


409 


376 


368 


367 


1 13 


494 


409 


408 


374 


370 


388 


240 


124 


293 


406 


370 


365 


362 


30 


29 


28.5 


27.5 


27.5 


28 


28 


29.5 


30 


30.5 


32 


33.5 


33.5 




389 


332 


430 


426 


295 


332 


431 


444 


447 


458 


412 


411 


393 


\ U 


376 


349 


418 


447 


313 


358 


430 


446 


443 


450 


406 


413 


3SS 


29 


2.9 


28.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


31 


33 


35 


37 


39 


42 




363 


365 


332 


357 


389 


273 


303 


140 


286 


348 


446 


400 


373 


1 15 


40 


38.5 


37.5 


37 


36 


36.5 


37 


37 


37.5 


39 


40.5 


42 


43.5 




426 


316 


372 


538 


446 


402 


246 


294 


438 


486 


420 


419 


408 


]l6 


442 


284 


165 


552 


456 


378 


276 


311 


405 


482 


422 


421 


413 


33 


33 


33 


32.5 


33 


33.5 


34 


35 


37 


39 


41 


42.5 


44.5 




402 


428 


394 


400 


. 425 


457 


297 


342 


278 


280 


432 


430 


413 


]l7 


378 


393 


400 


426 


422 


441 


306 


302 


238 


299 


421 


419 


408 


33.5 


33 


33 


32 


32 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


33 


34 


36 




472 


459 


378 


365' 


397 


368 


338 


409 


450 


448 


427 


392 


405 


]l8 


453 


446 


331 


377 


401 


364 


325 


419 


472 


446 


430 


373 


410 


29 


29 


28.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


31 


31.5 


33.5 


34 


36 


38 




545 


531 


385 


185 


235 


275 


278 


200 


52 


510 


504 


463 


404 


1 19 


526 


495 


424 


73 


250 


257 


289 


170 


68 


520 


511 


460 


393 


28 


26 


25 


24 


25 


26.5 


27.5 


30 


31.5 


32.5 


35 


36.5 


38 




439 


434 


430 


345 


458 


364 


320 


295 


-20 


(-40-?) 


142 


293 


399 


|20 


420 


412 


453 


386 


437 


337 


323 


300 


5 


(-40-?) 


110 


307 


390 


30 


28 


27 


26 


26 


28 


29.5 


31.5 


32.5 


35 


36 


38 


40 




414 


125 


142 


418 


(—40—?) 


20 


228 


278 


277 


357 


116 


(-40-?) 


346 


\ 21 


386 


(-40-?) 


220 


508 


(-40-?) 


(-40—?) 


274 


325 


179 


370 


156 


(-40-?) 


480 


31.5 


31 


29.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


32 


34 


36 


37 


39 


42 




250 


303 


244 


315 


310 


345 


330 


270 


205 


4^16 


334 


462 


382 


\ 22 


64 


291 


265 


378 


366 


315 


324 


241 


273 


462 


372 


451 


358 


30.5 


30 


29.5 


29 


29 


29.5 


30 


30.5 


31.5 


32 


33 


34 


35 




350 


379 


374 


412 


250 


337 


186 


343 


477 


461 


412 


413 


408 


|23 


378 


392 


375 


389 


301 


349 


200 


357 


476 


464 


414 


416 


408 


31 


30 


30 


29.5 


30 


30 


31 


32.5 


34 


34.5 


35 


37 


38 




392 


406 


341 


424 


318 


254 


187 


110 


211 


312 


332 


500 


403 


} 2i 


465 


374 


295 


246 


260 


208 


220 


146 


219 


366 


335 


482 


408 


32.5 


31.5 


31.5 


3d. 5 


31 


31.5 


32 


33 


35 


36.5 


38 


40 


42 




• 495 


478 


423 


369 


300 


150 


279 


350 


329 


288 


409 


348 


321 


J 25 


510 


469 


440 


385 


312 


125 


285 


358 


349 


290 


391 


341 


315 


37 


36.5 


36 


36 


37 


37 


38.5 


38.5 


40.5 


41.5 


43.5 


46 


48 




366 


147 


88 


290 


360 


256 


70 


212 


199 


66 


432 


432 


458 


$26 


330 


225 


34 


315 


321 


252 


70 


234 


170 


49 


428 


427 


450 


40 


39.5 


39 


39 


39 


39.5 


40 


40.5 


43 


43.5 


45.5 


47 


48 




285 


398 


316 


73 


323 


430 


425 


427 


382 


367 


275 


269 


420 


?27 


308 


414 


192 


15 


334 


455 


430 


430 


368 


377 


264 


277 


424 


38 


37 


36 


35 


35.5 


37 


37 


37.5 


39 


40 


42 


44.5 


46 




388 


395 


157 


296 


313 


178 


(-40-?) 


10 


414 


424 


457 


320 


463 


]28 


445 


216 


205 


259 


323 


130 


(—40—?) 


60 


426 


428 


452 


324 


467 


38 


37.5 


37 


3li 


36.5 


36.5 


39 


36.5 


41.5 


44 


47 


48.5 


51 




454 


375 


405 


302 


281 


210 


155 


341 


372 


428 


404 


358 


384 


1 29 


470 


398 


426 


275 


301 


178 


158 


354 


388 


423 


402 


356 


3S6 


39 


38 


37.5 


37 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


38.5 


39 


39 


40 


40.5 


41 




449 


367 


392 


443 


353 


314 


110 


209 


352 


430 


391 


339 


370 


J30 


450 


342 


428 


449 


284 


327 


120 


198 


348 


436 


386 


350 


378 


37. 5 


37 


36.5 


30 


36 


37 


37.5 


38 


39 


38.5 


39 


39 


41 




40!) 


260 


412 


348 


353 


325 


245 


224 


378 


332 


438 


419 


414 


?31 


445 


121 


424 


332 


348 


313 


243 


231 


374 


336 


432 


418 


425 


3C 


3G 


35 


3.5 


35 


35.5 


36 


37 


38 


39.5 


41.5 


42 


44.5 
37.3 




29. 5 


28. 8 


28.2 


27.0 


27.7 


28.2 


29.0 


20.8 


31.1 


32.4 


33.8 


35.5 




388.8 


341.8 


315.0 


319. 9 


317.6 


308.9 


289.3 


269.2 


300.7 


332.8 


357.0 


356.0 


379.5 





Monthly meanB: Temperature, 32°,8; rea(ling3, 377.0 



502 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARPvOW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet 

[One division of scale =.0000760 



Date. 



June 1 < 

Temperature 

June 2 5 

Temperature 

June 3 < 

Temperature 

June 4 5 

Temperature 

June 5. i 

Temperature 

June 6 5 

Temperature 

June 7 5 

Temperature 

Juno 8 < 

Temperature 

June 9 5 

Temperature 

Juno 10 J 

Temperature 

June 11 i 

Temperature 

June 12 ( 

Temperature 

June 13 \ 

Temperature 

June 14 < 

Temperature 

June 15 < 

Temperature 

June 1C J 

Temperature 

June 17 J 

Temperature 

June IS j 

Temperature 

June 10 | 

Temperature 

June 20 J 

Temperature 

June 21 £ 

Temperature 

June 22 | 

Temperature 

Juno 23 5 

Temperaturo 

June 24 i 

Temperature 

June 25 I 

Temperaturo 

Juno 20 > 

Temperature 

June 27 $ 

Temperature 

June 28 £ 

Temperature 

June 29 | 

Tomporatnre 

Juno 30 { 

Temperature 

Moan temperature. . 
Mean readings 



C 



407 
400 
45 
480 



55 
372 
30S 

44.5 
392 
274 

44 
373 
382 

44.5 
360 
384 

45.5 
327 
328 

52.5 
SCO 
353 

50 
382 
393 

40 
414 
417 

43 
330 
332 

53 
301 
358 

48.5 
403 
405 

45.5 
.332 
330 

48 
360 
370 

45 
320 



53 
323 
332 

51 
312 
327 

50 
368 
322 

46.5 
402 
400 

49 
372 
373 

50 
350 
348 

48.5 
411 
437 

45 
411 
400 

42 
402 
398 

44 
388 
378 

41.5 
395 
392 

42 
450 
456 

46.5 
287 
300 

58.5 
328 
331 

55. 5 



47.8 
372.1 



376 



44 
348 
348 

53.5 
523 
566 

47.5 
395 
403 

43 
366 
373 

46 
352 
343 

46 
362 
367 

52 
364 
363 

49 
400 
408 

46 
400 
402 

43.5 
288 
29 L 

54 
368 
368 

49 
419 
417 

46 
370 
303 

46.5 
353 



47.5 
334 
338 

52 
304 
363 

51 
500 
553 

52 
400 
41)0 

48 
419 
421 

49.5 
324 
3:i5 

53 
3S2 
385 

49.5 
480 
480 

45 
460 
453 

42.5 
392 
390 

44.5 
484 
453 

41 
418 
412 

42 
467 
472 

46 
321 
326 

58.5 
436 
438 

54.5 



2 h 



3 h 



383 



49 
432 
433 

52 
408 
478 

49 
411 
418 

43 
374 
378 

47 
349 
345 

48 
378 
378 

53 
442 
439 

48.5 
352 
356 

46 
432 
418 

44 
300 
303 

53. 5 
385 
3F6 

49 
3S8 
390 

46.5 
334 
3". 5 

49 
319 



51 
347 
346 

51 
354 
300 

50 
313 
328 

52.5 
406 
402 

48 
411 
414 

50.5 
587 
590 

53 
371 
304 

50.5 
484 
530 

46 
503 
506 

42 
385 
400 

45.5 
441 
453 

42.5 
418 
407 

42 
535 
587 

46.5 
362 
360 

58.5 
446 
462 

54 



48.1 
397.2 



48.7 
405. 8 



425 



51 
448 
456 

50.5 
461 
458 

48 
430 
410 

42 
356 
350 

47.5 
376 
468 

49 
388 
390 

53 
502 
484 

47.5 
404 
410 

40.5 
396 
396 

44.5 
439 
413 

53.5 
308 
364 

49.5 
374 
375 

46.5 
481 
470 

46.5 
335 



51. 5 
336 
346 

49.5 
440 
435 

49.5 
561 
558 

53 
442 
480 

47 
413 
416 

49.5 
460 
449 

51. 5 
354 
368 

50 
696 
740 

46 
608 
616 

42 
400 
456 

45.5 
447 
439 

44 
438 
426 

41.5 
596 
618 

46 
342 
354 

58.5 
470 
468 

54 



48.5 
444.3 



490 



51.5 
500 
528 

48 
524 
515 

48 
390 
373 

40.5 
381 
395 

48 
394 
446 

48 
436 
450 

52.5 
454 
40S 

46 
443 
445 

44.5 
339 
375 

44.5 
509 
510 

53.5 
379 
377 

49 
373 
361 

46.5 
474 
440 

44.5 
367 



431 



52.5 
380 
368 

48 
890 
856 

49 
571 
531 

53.5 
702 
660 

47 
460 
426 

49 
414 
412 

51 
371 
375 

49 
744 
702 

44.5 
452 
458 

42 
403 
373 

45.5 
406 
405 

44 
429 
419 

41.5 
549 
561 

46 
380 
374 

57.5 
446 
442 

54.5 



48.0 
467.3 



56. 5 
522 
542 

48 
432 
416 

47.5 
474 
478 

40.5 
389 
363 

47 
434 
426 

48.5 
445 
443 

51 
408 
470 

45.5 
619 
651 

44 
396 
398 

44 
516 
520 

53 
388 
398 

48 
465 
473 

46 
461 
445 

44.5 
333 



52 
384 
388 

47.5 
704 
740 

48.5 
400 
388 

52.5 
442 
445 

40.5 
531 
553 

47.5 
390 
394 

50 
387 
379 

48.5 
618 
692 

43.5 
518 
509 

42 
462 
458 

45.5 
432 
416 

44 
430 
422 

41 
678 
710 

45 
475 
453 

53 
439 
428 

51 



47.0 
470 



6'' 



l k 



430 



52 

gio 

058 

47 
401 
452 

47 
511 
484 

40 
3BG 
386 

46 
473 
472 

47 
402 
470 

5i.: 

569 
565 

44.i 
643 
632 

42.; 
397 
409 

43 
591 
587 

51. ! 
4C0 
421 

40 
042 
700 

44.i 
437 
441 

44 
332 



52 
412 
431 

46 
688 
712 

47.5 
620 
613 

52 
614 
550 

45. 5 
590 
578 

46.5 
573 
539 

48.5 
377 
429 

46.5 
601 
571 

42.5 
569 
568 

42 
448 
459 

44 5 
397 
398 

43.5 
090 
714 

41.5 
543 
521 

44 
413 
409 

56.5 
652 
624 

53 



40. 6 
518.5 



445 



535 
514 

45 
521 
380 

44. 
486 
514 

39 
397 
374 

41 
550 
569 

45 
595 
546 

49 
C88 
582 

42. 
625 
562 

41 
399 
389 

42 
582 
558 

49 
388 
440 

44 
671 
639 

42. 
584 
581 

43 
341 



51 
387 
401 

41.5 
800 
824 

46 
613 
510 

50 
607 
511 

44 
567 
6:2 

44 
491 
490 

40.5 
389 
409 

45 
286 
210 

41 
672 
608 

41 
404 
439 

43 
449 
444 

42.5 
502 
504 

40 
410 
458 

43 
402 
403 

55 
724 
710 

50.5 



44.8 
:03. 7 



S" 



339 



45.5 
629 
656 

43.5 
602 
557 

42.5 
5S5 
402 

37.5 
396 
399 

44 
506 
527 

44.5 
610 
575 

48 
480 
511 

42 
633 
580 

40.5 
416 
415 

41 
572 
510 

46.5 
412 
421 

43 
470 
457 

42.5 
569 
556 

42.5 
372 



379 



51 
401 
403 

44.5 
519 
449 

44 
346 
413 

48 
591 
5S0 

42 
580 
5.6 

44 
449 
459 

45 
374 
357 

42.5 
515 
610 

40 
514 
507 

41 
412 
413 

42 
580 
590 

41.5 
020 
629 

41 
468 
5DG 

43 
514 
513 

54. 5 
480 
490 

no 



43.9 

496. 4 



48 
592 
C20 

42 
428 
449 

41.5 
570 
544 

36.5 
410 
413 

42 
470 
490 

43 
549 
541 

40 
437 
431 

41 
343 
396 

39.5 
443 
417 

40 
518 
5. '2 

44 
445 
456 

42.5 
390 
402 

42 
545 
574 

41 
394 



10 1 ' 



49 
386 
399 

43 
447 
380 

43 
375 
300 

46.5 
515 
518 

41 
475 
543 

42 
410 
391 

43.5 
458 
446 

41.5 
489 
470 

39 
4 6 
477 

40.5 
442 
439 

41.5 
468 
523 
' 41.5 
488 
482 

41 
409 
487 

42 
563 
568 

52 
519 
518 

49 



430 



48 
278 
339 

41 
255 
421 

40 
542 
499 

35 
413 
419 

39 
240 
312 

41.5 
419 
419 

44 
474 
478 

40 
459 
498 

38 
460 
448 

39 
406 
435 

42.5 
509 
444 

41.5 
406 
4P1 

4'. 5 
5!) I 
41 

40 
406 



49 
370 
409 

42.5 
313 
341 

42 

07 
240 

40 
408 
509 

40 
480 
497 

41 
429 
446 

42 
461 
455 

41 
438 
421 

38.5 
488 
492 

40 
440 
428 

40.5 
586 
532 

41 
(—40?) 



•40.') 

40 
422 
442 

41.5 
4C0 
387 

50.5 
544 
408 

48 



42.8 
405.7 



41.8 
410.0 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



503 



ometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, June, 1883. 

part of the horizontal force.] 



11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14 h 


15 h 


J6 h 


17" 


18" 


19 h 


20" 


21 h 


22' 


23 1 ' 


Date. 


470 


333 


387 


.386 


359 


277 


228 


145 


27 


(-40?) 


89 


223 


233 


I 1 




45 


45 


45 


45 


44 


45 


40.5 


47.5 


50 


51 


53 


54 


35 




378 


500 


482 


(-40?) 


417 


437 


171 


178 


298 


—20 


403 


158 


248 


\ 2 




359 


440 


447 


(-40?) 


396 


398 


242 


234 


255 


5 


482 


130 


282 




40 


39 


38 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


37 


37.5 


38 


39 


40 


41.5 


43 






438 


439 


414 


432 


400 


416 


274 


246 


428 


300 


387 


302 


500 


\ :i 




410 


392 


423 


306 


423 


420 


271 


271 


452 


330 


381 


355 


478 




39 


38 


37 


36. 5 


36.5 


37 


38.5 


38.5 


39.5 


40.5 


41 


42 


43 






390 


382 


328 


341 " 


354 


276 


435 


462 


419 


339 


370 


391 


3P6 


\ * 




404 


432 


261 


365 


355 


282 


418 


459 


412 


341 


400 


392 


386 




33 


32.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


34 


35.5 


37 


39 


41 


42.5 






4>1 


414 


402 


415 


378 


400 


427 


409 


440 


439 


423 


492 


438 


I 5 




439 


425 


417 


400 


374 


386 


421 


411 


443 


442 


426 


495 


418 




37 


36.5 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


35 


35.5 


36.5 


39 


40 


41.5 


43 


45 






(-40?) 


488 


424 


395 


320 


20 


210 


(—40?) 


80 


—25 


239 


327 


332 


I 6 




(—40?) 


452 


510 


416 


5 


95 


212 


(-40?) 


42 


—17 


242 


320 


327 




39.5 


39 


38 


38.5 


38.5 


40.5 


41.5 


44 


45.5 


46 


47.5 


49 


51 






501 


407 


372 


345 


178 


208 


282 


300 


340 


294 


358 


363 


358 


I 7 




416 


474 


359 


330 


180 


284 


287 


282 


334 


297 


342 


372 


384 




43 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


43.5 


45 


40.5 


51 






418 


447 


175 


191 


209 


185 


92 


167 


132 


163 


326 


399 


368 


\ 8 




430 


422 


79 


264 


234 


157 


79 


205 


140 


203 


317 


390 


378 




39 


■ 38.5 


38 


37.5 


38 


38 


38.5 


39.5 


40.5 


41.5 


43 


44 


47 






405 


437 


398 


(-40?) 


296 


300 


280 


169 


55 


132 


417 


430 


403 


I 9 




436 


428 


409 


(-40?) 


248 


300 


294 


145 


62 


120 


401 


422 


404 




37.5 


37 


36.5 


3G 


35.5 


35.5 


35 5 


36 


36.5 


37 


39 


40.5 


42 5 






450 


409 


422 


360 


288 


270 


264 


264 


249 


388 


328 


309 


262 


[lO 




452 


398 


414 


386 


318 


264 


258 


251 


253 


389 


332 


317 


204 




38 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


38.5 


39.5 


40.5 


42 


44 


46 


48 


51 






354 


462 


414 


395 


477 


457 


379 


358 


452 


463 


438 


402 


400 


} U 




375 


460 


453 


414 


479 


460 ' 


362 


369 


454 


460 


439 


390 


398 




42 


41 


40 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


40.5 


42.5 


43.5 


44.5 


45 


46.5 


48 






431 


474 


498 


165 


270 


303 


362 


494 


473 


418 


412 


388 


442 


|l2 




452 


445 


482 


80 


305 


319 


365 


484 


408 


426 


410 


390 


4:6 




41 


40.5 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


40 


41 


41.5 


42 


43 


43.5 






364 


370 


372 


455 


427 


371 


436 


295 


452 


420 


349 


410 


413 






368 


340 


371 


480 


416 


371 


441 


318 


448 


427 


343 


406 


400 


C 13 




41 


40.5 


4.0 


40 


40 


40 


40.5 


41.5 


43 


44 


45 


46 


48 






461 


466 


417 


388 


371 


283 


275 


408 


279 


335 


375 


382 


388 


l\4 




458 


465 


362 


394 


361 


286 


276 


385 


326 


361 


378 


382 


388 




40 


40 


40 


40 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


40.5 


40.5 


42 


43.5 


44 






4!2 


389 


398 


401 


380 


370 


410 


395 


337 


238 


366 


353 


327 


Jl5 




48 


46.5 


46.5 


46.5 


46 


46.5 


46 


46.5 


47.5 


48 


49.5 


51 


52.5 




398 


451 


415 


403 


409 


396 


418 


368 


192 


200 


388 


352 


370 


\ iG 




391 


428 


412 


409 


409 


398 


416 


356 


203 


211 


383 


340 


320 




41.5 


41 


41 


40 


40.5 


40.5 


40.5 


41 


42.5 


43.5 


45.5 


48 


50 






470 


175 


345 


398 


487 


469 


60 


10 


305 


357 


330 


242 


388 


In 




450 


(-40?) 


253 


372 


479 


468 


38 


70 


312 


410 


362 


253 


407 




41 


39.5 


3-8 . 


38 


38 


38 


39 


39.5 


41 


43 


45 


46 


47.5 






303 


234 


421 


270 


392 


365 


170 


(-40?) 


210 


357 


352 


494 


342 


|l8 




331 


316 


375 


247 


393 


348 


184 


(—40?) 


262 


403 


363 


476 


325 




43.5 


42.5 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


40.5 


41 


41.5 


43 


44 


45 


46 






1-40?) 


418 


413 


454 


219 


364 


(—40?) 


38 


362 


417 


419 


352 


378 


^19 




(-40?) 


375 


391 


425 


253 


306 


(—40?) 


35 


384 


4.50 


415 


357 


366 




39.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


39 


41 


43 


45.5 


47.5 






418 


576 


421 


372 


394 


350 


265 


(-40?) 


323 


220 


282 


236 


351 


[20 




491 


525 


442 


4-21 


410 


347 


260 


(-40?) 


350 


242 


307 


244 


317 




40 


39 


38 


38 


37.5 


38.5 


39.0 


40.5 


41.5 


43 


44 


47.5 


49 






465 


462 


405 


430 


392 


407 


350 ' 


368 


334 


364 


352 


396 


382 


1 21 




4(5 


421 


452 


453 


425 


390 


350 


367 


328 


362 


357 


392 


385 




40 


40 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


38.5 


39 


41 


42.5 


44.5 


47.5 






467 


463 


418 


392 


333 


355 


140 


136 


—20 


399 


502 


342 


372 


[22 




481 


478 


402 


410 


345 


340 


145 


157 


67 


382 


494 


210 


4C4 




40 


39 


38 


■ 38 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


38.5 


39.5 


41 


42.5 


44.5 


45 






23 


442 


333 


312 


350 


232 


316 


419 


344 


299 


202 


398 


438 


^23 




95 


234 


137 


334 


340 


240 


310 


439 


322 


324 


230 


392 


477 




38 


38 


38.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


38.5 


39 


39 


4') 


40 


41 






451 


462 


450 


394 


346 


318 


317 


280 


402 


298 


452 


412 


429 


£24 




454 


512 


441 


404 


376 


308 


326 


251 


412 


319 


455 


396 


429 




40 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


39 


40 


42 


42.5 


42.5 






485 


444 


426 


402 


380 


379 


276 


332 


102 


174 


433 


412 


448 


^25 




463 


458 


417 


394 


403 


391 


258 


334 


96 


162 


444 


401 


446 




40. 5 


40 


39.5 


3d 


39 


38.5 


38 


38.5 


39 


40 


40.5 


41 


41 






430 


488 


361 


390 


390 


393 


93 


75 


420 


422 


355 


404 


397 


^26 




450 


498 


332 


403 


371 


370 


(-40?) 


40 


428 


303 


342 


387 


401 




41 


40 


40 


40 


39.5 


39 


39 


39.5 


39.5 


40.5 


41 


41 


41,5 






205 


316 


397 


(—40?) 


293 


243 


465 


357 


388 


10 


(-40?) 


298 


481 


J-27 




S72 


410 


407 


(—40?) 


309 


195 


497 


358 


405 


22 


(-40?) 


319 


439 




40 


40.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


42.5 


43 


43.5 


44.5 


45 






402 


256 


240 


409 


345 


272 


185 


203 


321 


290 


282 


299 


273 


^28 




417 


245 


269 


418 


344 


257 


184 


209 


324 


287 


332 


292 


280 




41.5 


- 41.5 


42 


42 


42.5 


43 


44 


47.5 


49 


51.5 


53.5 


55 


57 






477 


455 


424 


364 


397 


333 


124 


300 


398 


25-2 


335 


352 


368 


^29 




498 


449 


431 


378 


398 


291 


170 


301 


392 


259 


350 


357 


372 




49.5 


49.5 


49 


48 


48 


47.5 


47 


46.5 


47 


48 


49.5 


51 


53.5 






385 


468 


286 


330 


(-40?) 


333 


158 


520 


324 


442 


352 


319 


332 


[30 




361 


403 


278 


283 


(-40?) 


336 


188 


500 


. 350 


482 


396 


412 


330 




47 


46.5 


46 


45 


45.5 


45 


45 


44.5 


44 


45 


45 


47 


48.5 






40.9 


40.3 


39.8 


89.6 


39.4 


39.4 


39.8 


40.6 


41.6 


42.7 


44.0 


15. 4 


47.0 




381.5 


406.3 


380.6 


329.7 


337. 6 


325.9 


258.2 


253.8 


299.2 


284.3 


348.3 


353.6 


374.5 







Monthly means: Temperature. 43°. 7 ; readings, 387 1 



504 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet- 

[One division of scale = .0000760 



Date. 



Julyl \ 

Temperature 

July2 | 

Temperature 

July 3 £ 

Temperature 

July4 £ 

Temperature 

July5 \ 

Temperature 

July C ^ 

Temperature 

July7 | 

Temperature 

July8 5 

Temperature 

July'J { 

Temperature 

July 10 [ 

Temperature 

July 11 £ 

Temperature 

July 12 £ 

Temperature 

July 13 £ 

Temperature 

July 14 ^ 

Temperature 

July 15 i 

Temperature 

July 16 J 

Temperature 

July 17 £ 

Temperature 

July 18 £ 

Temperature 

July 19 | 

Temperature 

July20 ^ 

Temperature 

July 21 j 

Temperature 

July 22 | 

Temperature 

July 23 I 

Temperature 

July 24 £ 

Temperature 

July 25 J 

Temperature 

July 26 5 

Temperature 

July 27 5 

Temperature 

July 28 j 

Temperature 

July 29 f 

Temperature 

July 30 £ 

Temperature 

July31 | 

Temperature 

Mean temperature . . . 
Mean readings 



476 

487 

50 

307 



58.5 
416 
409 

43 
321 
317 

54.5 
369 
350 

50 
358 
360 

48.5 
417 
419 

46 
411 
413 

53 
431 
419 

48 
356 
349 

51.5 
352 
349 

45 
214 
201 

50 
376 
373 

45. 5 
400 
395 

46 
359 
353 

53 
378 



57.5 
463- 
447 

46 
385 
392 

51. 5 
446 
427 

57 
496 
538 

51 
428 
430 

43 
380 
381 

44.5 
389 
385 

44 
344 
341 

50 
359 
374 

50 
387 
386 

53.5 
307 
316 

52 
417 
421 

49 
391 
384 

49 
420 
428 

42 
528 
405 

42.5 



49.1 
388.3 



497 
422 

55. 5 
400 
307 

44 
372 
377 

55 
335 
342 

52 
340 
343 . 

49 
404 • 
419 

47.5 
388 
394 

52 
444 
450 

46.5 
386 
385 

51.5 
374 
365 

45.5 
498 
500 

51.5 
372 
373 

45 
427 
436 

47 
352 



53 

448 
412 

56 
455 
454 

46. 
386 
381 

51. 
450 
433 

57 
558 
564 

50 
448 
436 

43 
392 
400 

44 
392 
395 

44.. 
356 
357 

51 
493 
466 

51 
378 
383 

54 
490 
492 

52 
41S 
420 

49 
400 
400 

49 
465 
400 

42 
718 
683 

44 



49.5 
425.7 



690 



57 
374 
400 

53 
403 
405 

43.5 
450 
442 

55 
374 
368 ■ 

53 
433 
440 

48 
450 
455 

48.5 
405 
408 

52 
491 
472 

46.5 
348 
350 

51 
401 
368 

47.5 
522 
518 

51. 5 
376 
364 

45 
382 
393 

50 
325 



55 
480 
469 

53 
408 
507 

47.5 
410 
408 

51.5 
493 
446 

58 
544 
535 

52 
448 
455 

43 
403 
403 

44 
432 
468 

44.5 
386 
S87 

52 
441 
431 

51. 5 
393 
378 

56 
439 
427 

52.5 
419 
419 

49 
401 
397 

50 
458 
443 

42.5 
801 
873 

46 



3" 



58 
439 
401 

50 
430 
442 

45 
571 
585 

55 
G30 
567 

51. 5 
724 
696 

48 
396 
397 

49.5 
376 
372 

53 
409 
411 

47 
498 
4S2 

4S. 5 
614 
608 

46.5 
488 
497 

50.5 
369 
369 

45.5 
424 
380 

50.5 
343 



54.5 
438 
423 

53.5 
507 
496 

48 
408 
405 

51 
346 
365 

59 
538 
590 

49.5 
453 
448 

43.5 
421 
427 

43.5 
440 
432 

45 
429 
427 

51.5 
565 
586 

51 
458 
462 

54 
411 
410 

51 
421 
421 

48.5 
411 
422 

49 
692 
632 

41.5 
451 
446 

46.5 



50. 
447.0 



49.6 
473.3 



4 h 



453 



57. 5 
410 
500 

48 
446 
407 

44.5 
592 
512 

54.5 
474 
452 

50 
576 
595 

47 
334 
330 

50.5 
381 
379 

53.5 
375 
373 

46.5 
576 
556 

47.5 
445 
453 

47 
740 
672 

50.5 
337 
346 

45.5 
380 
399 

50.5 
310 



59 

484 
529 

51 
573 
576 

47.5 
444 
461 

50.5 
591 
571 



631 

48.5 
410 
404 

44 
449 
444 

43 
433 
440 

44.5 
510 
532 

49.5 
643 
706 

51 
397 
3S9 

54 
446 
431 

50.5 
427 
427 

48.5 
439 
430 

47.5 
583 
607 

41.5 
567 
579 

46.5 



49.4 
478.9 



696 



57 
494 
540 

47 
440 
466 

44.5 
420 
419 

53 
396 
376 

49 
003 
596 

46.5 
492 
498 

51 
383 
386 

53.5 
380 
394 

46.5 
890 
932 

46.5 
412 
415 

47 
478 
483 

50 
363 
388 

46 
350 
352 

50.5 
392 



54 
851 
843 

50 
513 
513 

47 
540 
551 

50 
437 
485 

60 
539 
530 

47.5 
437 
433 

43.5 
431 
434 

42 
454 
448 

44 
632 
630 

49 
0(9 
008 

51 
420 
446 

53.5 
637 
642 

51 
420 
422 

48 
443 
452 

40.5 
570 
521 

41.5 
461 
478 

45.5 



48.8 
505. 7 



« h 



7" 



621 



449 



57. 5 
504 
456 

46 
540 
516 

43.5 
578 
5S2 

51.5 
564 
574 ■ 

48 
599 
621 

45 
386 
392 

50 
614 
594 

54 
412 
426 

46.5 
472 
514 

45 
3C6 
373 

47 
437 
427 

49 
379 
3S5 

45.5 
405 
398 

49.5 
363 



56.5 
484 
489 

49 
571 
563 

46. 5 
506 
502 

49 
512 
492 

59.5 
522 
538 

47 
436 
467 

42.5 
461 
468 

41.5 
435 
456 

43 
671 
680 

48.5 
523 
523 

51 
421 
415 

52.5 
651 
64S 

50. 5 
439 
439 

47.5 
518 
506 

44 
804 
817 

41 
685 
605 

44 



48.1 
511.8 



54 

537 
502 

45 
497 
520 

43 
519 
529 

49 
603 
591 

46.5 
684 
632 

43.5 
487 
475 

49 
657 
623 

53 
391 
413 

45 
525 
515 

43 ■ 
337 
368 

45. 5 
561 
608 

47 
431 
446 

44 
445 
436 

48 
415 



51.5 
522 
549 

47 
504 
509 

45 
398 
407 

48 
417 
469 

57.5 
491 
475 

46.5 
432 
427 

42 
472 
466 

41 
510 
533 

42 
697 
680 

40 
578 
581 

48.5 
517 
570 

50.5 
5S5 
597 

48 
444 
459 

46 
514 
560 

4:; 
535 
553 

40 
418 
431 

43.5 



46. 5 
505.8 



81 



611 



56 
240 
295 

45 
449 
451 

43.5 
605 
588 

48 
564 
602 

46 
536 
561 

43.5 
560 
529 

«a 5 

456 
420 

5:i. 5 
424 
430 

45 
434 
464 

42.5 
464 
480 

45 
424 
360 

46 
550 
544 

44 
473 
478 

47.5 
458 



9» 



409 



10 h 



54. 5 
435 
465 

45 
556 
544 

43 
550 
5)0 

48 
452 
527 

45 
560 
551 

43 
391 
412 

47.5 
474 
450 

53 
440 
404 

44 
306 

65 

41.5 
520 
493 

47.5 
473 
473 

45 
419 
401 

44 
511 
490 

46 
440 



55 
530 
482 

46. 
530 
545 

44. 
488 
517 

46. 
458 
464 

50 
424 
444 

46 
497 
517 

41. 
446 
451 

40. 
558 
546 

42 
5D.5 
545 

43 
532 
519 

48 
545 
524 

48 
062 
620 

47., 
3:i9 
456 

44 
596 
5.-1 

41.. 
405 
428 

39 
190 
289 

42 



53.5 
498 
507 

45.5 
522 
502 

43.5 
568 
526 

45. 5 
415 
436 

54.5 
438 
491 

45 
535 
552 

41.5 
453 
445 

39.5- 
535 
536 

41.5 
GS7 
671 

41 
445 
458 

47.5 
427 
ssn 

46 
040 
593 

46 
418 
465 

43 
508 
615 

40.5 
510 
479 

39 
410 
393 

11.5 



160 



53.5 
395 
419 

44 
440 
446 

42 
503 
491 

46.5 
346 
333 

44 
479 
496 

42.5 
441 
454 

46.5 
220 
191 

52 
417 
463 

43 
385 
350 

40 
449 
447 

44 
507 
516 

44 
460 
481 

43 
608 
551 

45 
391 



53 

460 
515 

45 
478 
522 

42 
582 
625 

45 
439 
415 

53 
398 
451 

41 
4. U G 
497 

40 
415 
466 

39 
518 
53S 

41 
604 
590 

41 

5 4 

46 
462 
471 

45 
498 
482 

45 
4 "'.1 
476 

42 
- \; 

4. '5 

447 
508 

38 
160 
175 

40 



46. 
488. 7 



45.1 
482.6 



44.1 
445.1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAERUW, ALASKA. 



505 



ometer at JJglaMaie, Alaska, July, 1883. 

part of tho horizontal i'orce.] 



It" 


Noon. 


13" 


) 4 b 


15' 


16" 


17" 


18* 


ta 1 ' 


20 1 ' 


21" 


22" 


23" 


Date. 


376 


35 


279 


463 


389 


(-40-?) 


140 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


(—10-.') 


44 


241 


291 


1 1 


53 


52.5 


51 


50.5 


50 


50.5 


52 


53 


55 


56 


57.5 


5S.5 


59 




4G1 


265 


372 


403 


439 


404 


416 


410 


398 


328 


443 


457 


400 


} 2 


409 


158 


364 


412 


455 


377 


426 


414 


400 


342 


453 


450 


400 


43 


43 


42.5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41.5 


42 


43.5 


43 


44 




447 


359 


461 


403 


190 


248 


190 


226 


238 


337 


288 


287 


300 


5 3 


454 


445 


452 


411 


118 


251 


178 


231 


249 


322 


292 


280 


328 


42 


42 


42 


42 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


44 


45.5 


48 


50 


52 


54 




490 


454 


352 


374 


364 


336 


328 


326 


399 


410 


382 


410 


362 


I 4 


4£8 


459 


405 


385 


302 


334 


323 


323 


405 


406 


380 


406 


358 


46 


45.5 


44.5 


44 


44.5 


44.5 


44.5 


45.5 


45 


46.5 


47.5 


48 


49 




485 


46 o 


357 


372 


297 


330 


330 


345 


262 


103 


282 


259 


342 


\ 5 


498 


475 


300 


427 


279 


358 


344 


312 


264 


122 


274 


263 


3413 


43 


43 


43 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


43 


44 


45 


47.5 


50 


49 




415 


403 


392 


440 


427 


456 


481 


404 


352 


351 


426 


453 


431 


\ 6 


428 


349 


387 


441 


435 


458 


472 


397 


353 


354 


424 


457 


430 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


40.5 


41 


42.5 


42.5 


43 


44.5 


46 




435 


440 


412 


431 


504 


450 


355 


(-40-?) 


—15 


(—40—?) 


304 


409 


419 


} 7 


403 


438 


408 


417 


508 


450 


334 


(-40—?) 


—37 


(-40-?) 


309 


403 


445 


46 


45.5 


45 


45 


45.5 


45.5 


46 


47.5 


48 


49.5 


50. 5 


52.5 


53.5 




334 


470 


418 


304 


542 


229 


524 


461 


371 


344 


162 


478 


468 


\ 8 


400 


458 


382 


399 


470 


(— 4U— ?) 


414 


556 


405 


352 


244 


463 . 


482 


51 


50.5 


50 


48 


40 


45 


43.5 


44 


43.5 


43 


43.5 


44 


45 




429 


450 


423 


422 


435 


3S7 


429 


404 


397 


386 


367 


383 


354 


I 9 


406 


454 


425 


404 


438 


390 


422 


404 


3S2 


390 


365 


392 


332 


42.5 


43 


42 


42 


43.5 


44.5 


45.5 


46 


47.5 


48 


49 


49.5 


51.5 




(-40-?) 


404 


399 


560 


433 


469 


478 


403 


432 


423 


435 


402 


362 


1 10 


(-40-?) 


417 


389 


564 


473 


461 


476 


375 


440 


460 


429 


414 


370 


39.5 


39 


39 


39 


3S.5 


38.5 


38. 5 


39.5 


39.5 


40 


41 


42 


43.5 




463 


404 


395 


368 


410 


474 


417 


381 


370 


343 


413 


376 


303 


lu 


422 


412 


426 


3(56 


416 


449 


423 


348 


379 


408 


373 


364 


268 


43 


43 


43 


43 


43.5 


43.5 


44 


45 


46 


46.5 


47 


48 


50 




4.46 


460 


394 


251 


390 


420 


400 


438 


453 


438 


408 


373 


360 


|l2 


428 


467 


400 


309 


399 


384 


395 


429 


455 


437 


410 


368 


388 


43 


43 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41.5 


41.5 


42 


43 


44 


45.5 




511 


450 


439 


315 


300 


324 


231 


181 


290 


330 


344 


322 


378 


\n 


496 


472 


430 


344 


286 


321 


233 


196 


273 


352 


355 


323 


368 


42.5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


43 


44.5 


45 


45.5 




(-40-?) 


408 


322 


590 


436 


(—40—?) 


50 


304 


416 


492 


358 


370 


352 


]l4 


195 


392 


374 


412 


507 


130 


10 


391 


380 


475 


367 


362 


352 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


42 


44 


43.5 


43.5 


44,5 


45 


47 


49 


51.5 


52.5 




414 


411 


415 


397 


410 


430 


122 


(-40—?) 


(—40—?) 


309 


395 


362 


2^9 


1 15 


51 


53 


52.5 


52 


52 


52 


52 


51.5 


53 


53. 5 


54.5 


56 


56.5 




294 


172 


420 


406 


413 


309 


59 


175 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


435 


466 


495 


1 10 


238 


307 


448 


420 


421 


308 


55 


119 


(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


492 


452 


503 


44 


43.5 


43 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41.5 


42.5 


42.5 


43 


45 




533 


440 


442 


434 


417 


254 


340 


398 


385 


342 


354 


350 


356 


] 17 


484 


378 


445 


438 


403 


241 


320 


364 


396 


344 


350 


349 


354 


41 


41 


40 


39.5 


40 


40 


40 


41 


43 


46 


47.5 


49.5 


51. 5 




519 


562 


518 


168 


139 


237 


426 


289 


36 


(-40—?) 


5 


362 


403 


|l8 


354 


520 


432 


(-40-?) 


216 


2S8 


460 


259 


29 


(-40-?) 


42 


365 


375 


44 


44 


44 


44.5 


45.5 


46.5 


47.5 


50 


51.5 


53.5 


53.5 


53.5 


56 




432 


294' 


382 


435 


410 


400 


348 


413 


324 


358 


348 


280 


345 


I 19 


423 


305 


314 


397 


389 


387 


327 


417 


318 


366 


337 


275 


353 


51 


50 


49 


48 


48 


47 5 


47.5 


48.5 


49.5 


50.5 


51 


52 


52 




462 


465 


383 


329 


345 


292 


299 


266 


390 


413 


399 


419 


384 


ho 


467 


490 


350 


346 


360 


308 


314 


313 


387 


416 


403 


414 


388 


43 


43 


42. 5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41.5 


42 


42 


42.5 


43 




461 


475 


460 


431 


436 


420 


443 


443 


412 


382 


382 


364 


372 


\ 21 


474 


477 


450 


427 


435 


431 


414 


446 


410 


383 


376 


369 


372 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40.5 


40 


40.5 


41 


41.5 


43 


43.5 


44 


44.5 




458 


452 


451 


450 


464 


454 


455 


436 


428 


404 


392 


393 


382 


?22 


459 


456 


453 


453 


463 


458 


448 


438 


432 


400 


393 


390 


384 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39.5 


39 


39.5 


39.5 


40 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


42.5 




564 


492 


446 


461 


465 


467 


463 


443 


402 


375 


382 


359 


308 


J23 


527 


464 


454 


464 


468 


467 


462 


443 


399 


379 


380 


302 


357 


39.5 


39 


39 


38.5 


38.5 


39 


39.5 


41.5 


42 


44 


45 


47 


47 




547 


428 


439 


512 


4R4 


508 


210 • 


(-40—?) 


63 


402 


508 


429 


370 


1 24 


519 


37G 


433 


510 


496 


508 


237 


(—40-?) 


15 


419 


488 


423 


378 


40.5 


40 


39.5 


39 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


39.5 


40.5 


41.5 


44 


46.5 


48 




470 


304 


145 


393 


436 


400 


287 


267 


432 


468 


415 


385 


363 


J25 


487 


232 


94 


342 


446 


397 


262 


288 


444 


472 


404 


373 


370 


45 


44 


43.5 


43 


43.5 


43.5 


45 


46.5 


47 


47 


49 


51.5 


52 




524 


485 


514 


324 


341 


195 


109 


197 • 


69 


183 


393 


501 


371 


* 26 


565 


542 


459 


281 


351 


185 


162 


283 


52 


170 


400 


482 


352 


A", 


42. 5 


42 


41 


40.5 


40.5 


41 


42.5 


43.5 


46 


47.5 


49 5 


51 




495 


482 


438 


530 


330 


397 


220 


414 


424 


486 


438 


427 


415 


hi 


490 


515 


471 


524 


332 


3S8 


222 


394 


429 


487 


438 


424 


416 


43.5 


43 


42.5 


42 


42 5 


42.5 


43 


44.5 


45 


40 


47 


49 


49 




455 


457 


482 


481 


486 


451 


322 


410 


434 


449 


428 


409 


404 


ha 


490 


465 


503 


490 


481 


456 


330 


412 


439 


448 


426 


411 


402 


41 


41 


40 


40 


40 


41 


42 


43 


43.5 


44 


4G 


40.5 


47.5 




525 


479 


481 


446 


430 


427 


413 


430 


342 


358 


399 


470 


419 


^29 


538 


486 


477 


455 


440 


436 


394 


433 


303 


356 


403 


482 


431 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


38.5 


38 


39 


40 


40.5 


42 




530 


290 


(—40-?) 


343 


244 


432 


560 


103 


170 


232 


374 


399 


500 


J30' 


564 


187 


172 


248 


226 


503 


541 


223 


257 


262 


395 


332 


504 


37 


37 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


37 


3G.5 


37 


37 


38 


39 


40 


42 




260 


192 


380 


302 


480 


350 


195 


30 


(—40—?) 


103 


398 


452 


400 


f 31 


218 


135 


241 


334 


508 


264 


120 


40 


(—40—?) 


236 


402 


433 


386 


39 


38 


38 


37 


36.5 


36 


36.5 


37 


37 


38 


40 


42 


43.5 

48.4 




43.2 


43 


42.0 


42.2 


42.4 


42.3 


42.5 


43.3 


43.9 


45. 0- 


46.1 


47.4 




421.6 


395.7 


387.0 


396.4 


398.1 


341.7 


320.3 


289.1 


274.3 


308.0 


360.5 


380.0 


379.8 





H. Ex. 41- 



-64 



Monthly means: Temperature, 4o°.8 ; readings, 408.8 



506 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke bifilar magnet 



[To reduce readings approximately to a uniform series -subtract 187.0 divisions from all readings after August 7, 23 hours; this correction 

One division of seale=.00007GO 



Date. 



Aug. 1 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 2 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 3 I 

Temperature 

Aug- 4 \ 

Temperature 

Aug. 5 | 

Temperature 

Aug. 6 | 

Temperature 

Aug. 7 { 

Temperature ...'.• 

Aug. 8 \ 

Temperature 

Aug. 9 [ 

Temperature 

Aug. 10 $ 

T emperature 

Aug. 11 [ 

Temperature 

Aug. 12 S 

Temperature 

Aug. 13 \ 

Temperature 

Aug. 14 $ 

Temperature 

Aug. 15 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 16 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 17 | 

Temperature 

Aug. 18 | 

Temperature 

Aug. 19 $ 

Temperature 

Aug. 20 \ 

Temperature 

Aug. 21 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 22 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 23 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 24 $ 

Temperature 

Aug. 25 | 

Temperature 

Aug. 26 £ 

Temperature 

Aug. 27 | 

Temperature 

Mean temperature... 
Mean readings 



0" 



372 

380 

45 

448 



51.5 
400 
400 

52 
461 
452 

47 
465 
403 

45.5 
538 
520 

43 
534 
554 

42.5 
486 
511 

45 
580 
594 

60.5 
C44 
660 

63 
660 
659 

56 
720 
718 

55 
685 
CflO 

57.5 
653 
695 

49.5 
714 
708 

49 



62.5 
720 
716 

47.5 
710 
712 

48.5 
811 
819 

43 
684 
690 

43 
726 
725 

36 
719 
720 

37 
723 
752 

40 
094 
763 

44 
754 
756 

41 
731 
736 

39.5 
762 
761 

44.5 



356 



48 
448 
412 

49 
413 
407 

54 
493 
492 

47.5 
479 
476 

45.5 
510 
509 

43 
570 
528 

42.5 
492 
500 

45.5 
563 
560 

63.5 
643 
643 

64 
642 
650 

54.5 
700 
697 

55 
754 
753 

57 
700 
715 

49.5 
746 



52 
703 
700 

61.5 
712 
713 

48 
703 
703 

50 
763 
758 

43 
704 
689 

44.5 
733 
735 

37 
730 
730 

38 
743 
740 

40.5 
748 
749 

45 
735 
740 

40 
731 
728 

41 
760 
757 

44 



2 t 



323 



49.5 
485 
492 

48 
442 
439 

54 
495 
487 

47.5 
475 
477 

46 
561 
560 

44 
527 
520 

42 
618 
584 

48 
554 
550 

62 
664 
604 

5 J. 
640 
644 

54 
635 
693 

56 
682 
670 

55.5 
693 
702 

51 
770 



61.5 



54.5 
705 
703 

60 
700 
704 

48.5 
697 
700 

51.5 
794 
780 

43 
713 
709 

46 
678 
675 

36.5 
768 
760 

38 
828 
836 

40.5 
737 
737 

46 
768 
761 

40 
734 
734 

41 
755 
752 

44 



47.7 ! 
498.5 j 



48.3 
500.2 



48.6 
508.2 



4 i. 



420 



446 



49 

541 
546 

48 
541 
545 

53 
492 
501 

47.5 
486 
483 

45 
637 
621 

43 
495 
517 

43 
840 
910 

48.5 
6£0 
620 

62 
656 
656 

G3. 5 
749 
735 

53 
690 
697 

55.5 
695 
703 

54.5 
680 
679 

52 
741 



53 

701 
707 

60.5 
715 
713 

48 
685 
695 

52 
882 
886 

42.5 
748 
750 

46 
729 
728 

36.5 
718 
717 

37.5 
790 
799 

42 
786 
780 

46 
743 
739 

40.5 
738 
735 

41 
759 
761 

43.5 



48.4 
540.5 



51 
759 
769 

47.5 
589 
550 

53 
593 
600 

48 
474 
475 

44.5 
716 
708 

43 
521 
558 

43 
727 
719 

50.5 
619 
593 

62.5 
644 
640 

63 
737 
726 

53 
770 
715 

54 
6S6 
700 

53 
703 - 
702 

52.5 
701 



5" 



<>" 



G01 



56.5 
702 
702 

59.5 
694 
705 

47.5 
728 
736 

52 
800 
796 

41.5 
766 
748 

47.5 
742 
742 

36 
709 
713 

38.5 
784 
768 

42 
803 
800 

46 
745 
741 

40 
735 
733 

42 
745 
764 

43 



48.5 
550.2 



50 
776 
806 

47 
4S9 
495 

52 
490 
494 

48 
479 
481 

45 
681 
676 

43.5 
565 
547 

43 
562 
562 

52 
617 
609 

63.5 
646 
643 

63 
870 
876 

52.5 
731 
730 

53.5 
683 
686 

52.5 
780 
776 

51 
770 



C04 



52.5 
709 
700 

59.5 
709 
712 

47.5 
751 
748 

51.5 
961 
971 

42 
635 
730 

47.5 
769 
766 

36.5 
736 
724 

40 
742 
741 

41 
816 
826 

45 
770 
771 

40.5 
730 
729 

43 
764 
764 

43 



48.4 
560.8 



51 
612 
613 

46. 5 
471 
409 

51 
494 
503 

47 
516 
515 

45 
092 
710 

43.5 
667 
670 

43 
G42 
640 

52 

e:o 

641 
63 

637 
652 

61.5 
892 
870 

51 
694 
686 

53 
686 
686 

52 
701 
7J0 

50.5 
700 



435 



386 



55.5 
707 
701 

57.5 
707 
709 

47 
727 
739 

50.5 
742 
746 

41 
710 
708 

46.5 
758 
758 

36 
731 
736 

40 
830 
853 

41 

817 

.821 

45 
787 
782 

40.5 
749 
744 

43 
778 
779 

43 



48.0 
557.1 



50 

-40—?) 

295 

44.5 
435 
470 

49.5 
542 
559 

45. 5 
491 
508 

45 
025 
640 

43.5 
616 
614 

43 
689 
701 

51 
691 
686 

62 
710 
608 

58.5 
841 
807 

50 
680 
680 

54 
708 
6D5 

50 



770 
48. 
080 



8.5 



55 5 
705 
704 

58 
700 
714 

46 
724 
736 

49.5 
715 
713 

40.5 
800 
797 

45.5 
747 
743 

36.5 
735 
731 

40 
849 
901 

40.5 
782 
786 

44 
823 
830 

40 
743 
740 

43 
706 
755 

41 



47.2 
528. 1 



50.5 
565 
632 

44 
510 
487 

48 
503 
504 

44 
554 
5G2 

41 
586 
593 

42.5 
601 
604 

42 
C3i 
654 

50 
650 
678 

60 
652 
648 

56. 5 
557 
581 

50 
682 
683 

53 
700 
698 

50 
6D8 
731 

46.5 
722 



573 



54 
725 
729 

56.5 
722 
720 

45 
804 
802 

48.5 
752 
756 

40 
787 
790 

44 
766 
760 

36.5 
792 
705 

39 
822 
823 

40 
7S0 
782 

44 
823 
816 

39.5 

759 

43 
759 
761 

40 



46.3 
541.9 



49 
462 
527 

43 
544 
570 

46 
541 
514 

43 
565 
570 

43 
662 
675 

42 
587 
612 

41 
710 
692 

49 
620 
652 

58 
G67 
650 

54.5 
794 
805 

49 
717 
712 

53 
718 
712 

50 
720 
738 

45 
717 



10* 



52 
724 
693 

54.5 
726 
741 

44.5 
645 
610 

47 
755 
750 

39 
780 
789 

42 
778 
787 

36.5 
802 
805 

38 
760 
761 

40 
783 
785 

44 
759 
745 

39 
774 
771 

44.5 
754 
758 

39.5 



347 



48.5 
460 
411 

42 
455 
486 

45 
515 
512 

43 
583 
595 

42 
555 
537 

41 
560 
503 

41 
632 
612 

49 
638 
657 

57 
633 
621 

53 
716 
703 

48 
707 
700 

53 
727 
740 

49 
717 
695 

44.5 
715 



53 
742 
745 

54 
730 
733 

41 
702 
765 

16 
745 
728 

38 
794 
752 

41 
661 
680 

36 
755 
751 

37 
787 
797 

33.5 
639 
625 

43 
805 
812 

38 
782 
789 

45 
800 
606 

39 



45.4 
553.1 



44.8 
524.3 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



507 



omctcr at Uglaamie, Alaska, Avffvst, 1883. 



was found as follows: Mean of 7 days, August 1 to 7, inclusive, 466.9; mean, August 8 to 14, inclusive, 053.9; difference, 1S7 0. 
part of the horizontal force.] 



IP 


Noon. 


13 h 


14h 


15 b 


m 


17" 


18» 


18* 


20'' 


21 h 


221. 


23" 


Date. 


25 


570 


330 


494 


376 


513 


330 


249 


260 


502 


1C0 


159 


404 


J 1 


48 


48 


47 


48 


47 


47.5 


47 


47.5 


47 


47.5 


48.5 


49.5 


51 




408 


537 


551 


392 


382 


317 


440 


430 


458 


392 


344 


359 


365 


} 2 


41 5 


526 


504 


370 


407 


377 


441 


434 


452 


396 


342 


370 


373 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 


41. 5 


42.5 


44 


40 


48 


50.5 




567 


506 


480 


371 


468 


470 


463 


465 


463 


437 


423 


419 


436 


\ 3 


575 


489 


465 


392 


458 


474 


474 


470 


461 


435 


442 


417 


437 


44 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


42 


41 


41 


41.5 


42 


43.5 


45 


45.5 


46 




521 


539 


541 


485 


470 


495 


508 


521 


482 


451 


4'.2 


445 


446 


I 4 


5:::! 


548 


537 


472 


482 


491 


507 


512 


478 


450 


406 


468 


442 


42 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 


42 


42.5 


43 


44 


45.5 




5J5 


537 


542 


508 


512 


491 


572 


484 


285 


214 


286 


448 


443 


\ 5 


5"S 


534 


566 


491 


537 


501 


569 


501 


300 


234 


345 


447 


448 


41 


40.5 


40 


39.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40.5 


41 


42 


43 




44.S 


383 


549 


£94 


430 


409 


210 


332 


219 


(—40—?) 


175 


314 


451 


\ S 


4(i."» 


420 


518 


585 


435 


397 


120 


258 


188 


(—40—?) 


208 


318 


470 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40. 5 


. 41.5 


41.5 




525 


550 


568 


583 


160 


306 


430 


360 


401 


550 


426 


470 


506 


I 7 


530 


559 


556 


574 


125 


388 


401 


364 


461 


550 


415 


457 


533 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


39.5 


40 


40 


40.5 


43 


43.5 


44 


44 




e:o 


567 


579 


611 


352 


517 


519 


552 


554 


575 


563 


596 


590 


\ 8 


6.0 


564 


582 


609 


338 


5. '3 


538 


550 


550 


587 


569 


595 


582 


49 


49 


49 


.49 


49.5 


49.5 


49.5 


50.5 


52 


53.5 


54.5 


60 


59 




503 


694 


626 


612' 


613 


545 


571 


612 


611 


- 611 


615 


632 


628 


} 9 


590 


628 


614 


625 


575 


562 


• 577 


C10 


607 


613 


609 


630 


C34 


55 


53 


52 


51 


50.5 


51.5 


52 


53.5 


55 


56.5 


58.5 


61 


62 




72S 


685 


684 


693 


675 


680 


684 


647 


577 


632 


635 


658 


665 


|io 


C75 


706 


653 


687 


676 


696 


695 


621 


580 


630 


635 


6G2 


664 


02 


50.5 


49 


48.5 


48.5 


48 


47.5 


49.5 


51 


52 


53 


55 


56 




C77 


724 


705 


624 


661 


572 


652 


589 


618 


733 


698 


720 


734 


|ti 


630 


672 


701 


615 


665 


617 


634 


590 


601 


738 


702 


723 


728 


47.5 


48 


47.5 


47 


47 


40 5 


46.5 


47.5 


4?. 5 


48 


49 


50 


53 




725 


718 


712 


G91 


645 


668 


562 


347 


510 


601 


615 


610 


645 


|l2 


727 


723 


710 


695 


641 


673 


517 


407 


530 


601 


622 


611 


672 


52. 5 


52 


51.5 


51 


50.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49 


49 


50 


52 


54. 5 


56.5 




741) 


725 


675 


700 


701 


638 


598 


509 


605 


595 


574 


576 


547 


J 13 


734 


727 


688 


093 


690 


637 


603 


523 


617 


581 


548 


583 


560 


48.5 


48 


47.5 


47 


47 


46.5 


47 


47 


47 


47 


47.5 


48 


49.5 




685 


702 


718 


703 


703 


678 


605 


620 


685 


642 


596 


673 


703 


f 14 


-709 


710 


724 


707 


715 


691 


611 


594 


674 


625 


598 


674 


700 


44.5 


44.5 


44 


44 


43.5 


43 


42.5 


43 


43.5 


44 


47 


47 


47.5 




769 


749 


750 


731 


738 


725 


707 


699 


703 


688 


700 


702 


689 


1 15 


53 


53 


50 


50.0 


49.5 


50 


50 


r ; 


54 


56.5 


58 


58.5 


60 




733 


726 


721 


737 


720 


718 


787 


719 


720 


713 


698 


714 


720 


J 16 


725 


715 


715 


722 


725 


713 


723 


727 


720 


712 


703 


718 


716 


53 


52 


51 


51 


50.5 


50.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49 


49 


49 


43 




739 


735 


740 


735 


730 


738 


722 


746 


737 


720 


701 


724 


708 


|l7 


748 


739 


738 


742 


695 


750 


721 


732 


733 


720 


701 


719 


715 


41 


44 


44 


43.5 


43 


42 


41.5 


40.5 


40 


41 


42 


45 


47 




C95 


612 


628 


670 


721 


735 . 


557 


615 


674 


400 


442 


471 


606 


1 18 


761 


700 


637 


704 


730 


712 


466 


'654 


707 


395 


429 


460 


670 


45 


45 


44.5 


44 


44 


42.5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


43 


43 


43 




758 


744 


743 


728 


685 


749 


754 


751 


723 


717 


702 


807 


722 


[l9 


751 


752 


745 


731 


717 


758 


751 


750 


727 


724 


700 


806 


711 


38 


38 


37.5 


37 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


37 


37 


39 


40.5 


41.5 


42 




740 


703 


751 


715 


731 


705 


722 


752 


765 


723 


678 


742 


711 


1 20 


760 


720 


755 


705 


730 


720 


745 


763 


764 


709 


675 


744 


718 , 


40 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


36.5 


36.5 


36 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 




75 1) 


755 


747 


702 


735 


699 


719 


635 


680 


775 


735 


743 


703 


[21 


785 


762 


753 


752 


739 


693 


731 


637 


698 


775 


740 


743 


705 


36 


36 


35 


35.5 


35 


34.5 


34.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34.5 


35 


37 




719 


738 


736 


504 


710 


747 


742 


478 


651 


715 


738 


694 


674 


£22 


715 


747 


775 


538 


721 


760 


754 


461 


651 


726 


732 


700 


667 


30 


35.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34 


34 


34.5 


35 


35.5 


36.5 


38 


39 




775 


483 


665 


729 


777 


525 


738 


635 


502 


440 


623 


667 


742 


J 23 


T58 


615 


670 


720 


784 


519 


745 


620 


496 


444 


COO 


673 


740 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


40 


43 


41 


41 


42 


43 




538 


700 


705 


687 


715 


576 


690 


765 


726 


731 


734 


748 


740 


[24 


C62 


683 


691 


692 


701 


582 


682 


772 


735 


732 


728 


750 


724 


43 


43 


42.5 


43 


43 


43 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 




742 


765 


736 


642 


670 


720 


656 


696 


704 


734 


690 


727 


738 


^25 


787 


768 


730 


651 


681 


721 


643 


703 


723 


728 


693 


734 


734 


37.5 


37 


36 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


36.5 


37.5 


38 




700 


727 


703 


704 


710 


689 


676 


719 


736 


770 


759 


750 


750 


[26 


£57 


782 


098 


692 


691 


709 


681 


723 


746 


775 


758 


748 


750 


40 


47 


40.5 


46.5 


45.5 


45 


44 


41.5 


41.5 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


41 




704 


780 


742 


739 


722 


726 


728 


725 


733 


742 


730 


730 




|2T 


785 


768 


741 


742 


731 


726 


726 


726 


734 


741 


730 


731 




:;.) 


39 


38.5 


37.5 


37.5 


37 


37 


37.5 


38 


38.5 


39.5 


41 






44.3 


44.0 


43.3 


43.1 


42.9 


42.7 


42.5 


42.8 


43.1 


43.8 


44.7 


45.9 


4!.l 




006. 9 


519.5 


513.9 


496.2 


472. 8 


473.4 


461.2 


441.2 


450.4 


445.5 


435.6 


466.0 


4M.5 





Monthly means: Temperature, 45°.5; readings, 501.2 



508 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



The monthly means of the bifilar readings appear quite irregular, produced by large dis- 
turbances and by change in adjustment. The latter became necessary in consequence of 
the efi'ect of temperature and moisture on the suspension. During the winter the observatory 
became thickly coated with ice on its sides and roof, which during thawing weather kept the inte- 
rior atmosphere in a state of extreme moisture. The observed variations in the length of the 
suspension fibers and in the torsion of the two declination instruments may be thus accounted for, 
and the greater or less stiffness of the fibers was probably occasioned by moisture deposited upon 
it freezing and thawiug alternately. The effects on the readings of changes of temperature and 
gradual loss of magnetism* of the magnet or of such secular change are small compared with the 
above irregularities from other causes. It would seem desirable to use metallic suspension in the 
place of silk. 

The September mean (619.5) was corrected to 519.1 by application of a rough correction of 
—318 divisions to the readings of the first six days, found by comparison with the mean of the suc- 
ceeding six days. 

In August, 1883, the mean reading was higher (639.7) than at any other time, and it was evi- 
dent that the adjustment of the instrument had from some unknown cause been disturbed. One 
of the observers (Mr. Maxfield) states that when he took down the instrument on the 27th he found 
that the adjusting screw which holds the thread and determines the distance between the threads 
worked rather loosely in its bearings, whereas it was very tight when the instrument was first set 
up. It is difficult to fix upon a particular time when the rapid increase in the readings com- 
menced, but it was most probably between August 7 and 8, and lasted for two or three days before 
the instrument settled again to a fixed condition. A slow, progressive motion is apparent from 
the last two days of July. For our* present purpose the matter is of little importance, since we 
shall deal strictly in a differential way, only aiming at roughly comparable absolute readings. In 
order to reduce the monthly readings during August roughly to a uniform scale a correction of 
—187.0 divisions was applied. 

Recapitulation of monthly mean values (inclusive of disturbances and uncorrected for changes of tem- 
perature and variations in scale values) of the hourly readings of the Broohe hi filar magnetometer at 
Uglaamie, Alaska, 1882-83. 



Gottingen civil time 



0" 



2 i 



5» 



v> 



9" 



10" 



11" 



Uglaamie civil time. 



Noon+53'».6 



13"53™.0]14"53"'.6 15"53 m .6 16"53"\6 



1882. 

September 12 to 30 . 

October 

November 

December 



1883. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May , 

June 

July 

August 1 to 27, inclusive . 



537.1 
489.2 
459. 1 
487.9 

438.1 
441.0 
402. 5 
35.3. 5 
396. 8 
372. 1 
388.3 
498.5 



532.0 
494.0 
481.8 
500.7 

431.5 
443.6 
458.3 
353.0 
391.3 
397.2 
425.7 
500.2 



536.1 
490.0 
477.0 
513.3 

441.6 
434.5 
481.8 
3C4. 9 
408.0 
405.8 
447.0 
508.2 



542.0 
498.5 
480.1 
514.8 

455.0 
445.2 
510.7 
418.7 
416.4 
444.3 
473.3 
540.5 



17 1 '53°>.6 



18>'53°>.6|l9 l '53">.6 



20 L 53-.6 21"53°>.6 



563.5 

504.0 

, 508. 

525. 1 

401.1 
459. 
512. 1 
422. 5 
448.3 
467.3 
478.9 
550.2 



558.8 
485.8 
485.3 
522.2 

461.4 
473.0 
510.3 
410.4 
457.4 
470.6 
505. 7 
560.8 



563. 
489.0 
467.8 
520.9 

454.4 
475.3 
489.7 
416.9 
469.0 
518. 5 
511.8 
557.1 



538.9 
438. 4 
455. 5 
515.0 

454.6 
446.0 
481.9 
423. 6 
472.9 
50S. 7 
505.8 
528.1 



518.8 
408.6 
452.0 
500. S 

449.5 
397.4 
419.1 
411.1 
452.8 
496.4 
488.7 
541.9 



22"53°'.6 23"53°>.6 



529.5 
424. 6 
418.3 
477.7 

449.4 
399.3 
439.1 
374.8 
429. 1 
465.7 
482.6 
553.1 



501.8 
390.9 
402. 2 
459.1 

417.7 
375.0 
400.2 
344.3 
429.3 
410.0 
445.1 
524. 3 



526.6 

404.9 
372. 7 
467.6 

372.1 
365. 9 
375. 2 
336. 3 
388. S 
381.5 
4H.6 
506. 9 



Gi/ttingen civil time . 



Uglaamie civil time. 



18S2. 



September 

October 

November 

December 

1883. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Juno 

July 

August 



Noon. 



0"53<".6 



504.4 
401.1 
396. 3 
440.5 

383.3 
388. 2 
372.4 
311.0 
341.8 
400. 3 
395. 7 
519.5 



13" 



1"53">.6 



508.4 
442. 1 
368. 7 
397.2 

370.8 
337. 
383.2 
290. 8 
315. 
380. 6 
387.0 
513. 9 



11" 



2" 53°>.6 



500.4 
405.9 
340.7 
403.5 

336.4 
318.9 
326. 7 
294. 9 
319.9 
329.7 
396. 4 
496. 2 



15 1 ' 



3" 53"'. 6 



487.4 
400.1 
335.9 
389.5 

335. 1 
349 8 
346.9 
299.4 
317. 
337.6 
398.1 
472.8 



18" 



4"53"'.6 



498.9 
420.3 
335. 5 
417.9 

339.8 
299.3 
341.0 
303.9 
308. 9 
325. 9 
341.7 
473.4 



IT 1 ' 



is* i»» 



5"53™.G I 6"53°>.6 7"53'".6 



480.4 
390.4 
349.4 
402.7 

319.8 
305. 4 
313. 5 
276.1 
289. 3 
25S. 2 
320. 3 
461.2 



481. 1 
390.5 
284, 6 
398.8 

356. 9 
289. 8 
329. 2 
274.6 
269. 2 
253. 8 
289. 1 
441. 2 



496.9 
354.4 
322. 7 
427.0 

328.5 
312.7 
318.0 
245.1 

300.7 
299. 2 
274. 3 
450. 4 



20 1 ' 



21" 



22» 



53">.6 g^^e 10"53»'.G 



513.6 
377.5 
342. 4 
398.5 



509. 5 
419. 5 
388.3 
422. 6 



319.0 


305. 7 


344.1 


330. 


315.4 


357.4 


289.0 


310.3 


332. 8 


357.0 


284.3 


348.3 


308.0 


360. 5 


445. 5 


435.0 







500. 9 
441.5 
431.2 
459.8 

400. 4 
362. 
4!1.3 
329.4 
356. 
353. 
386. 
460.0 



23" 



11" 53>".0 



Mean. 



1 

529.1 


474. 8 


439.7 


479. 8 ! 


425.7 


401.9 


441.4 | 


339. 9 


379. 5 


374. 5 : 


379. 8 J 


484.8 





■519.1 
137. S 
108. 1 
160. 4 

398. 7 
383. 1 
4119.5 
341.5 
377.0 
367. 1 
408.8 
501.2 

419. 4 



* The 'Brooke magnets are now over thirty years old. They were used at "Washington in 1853. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



509 



Solar-diurnal variation of the horizontal force (inclusive of disturbances), expressed in scale divisions 

and uncorrected for changes in temperature. 



Gbttingen civil time. 



6" 



Uglaamie civil time. 



Noon +53°. 6 



13 h +53».6 



14H-53°>.6 



15 h +53 m .6 



le^+ss-.e 



17 h +53">.6 



18 h +53°.6 



19 h +53°\6 



1882. 

September 

October 

November 

December 

1883. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

April to September, inclusive 

October to March, inclusive . . 

Tear 



+18.0 
+ 51.0 
+51.0 
+27.5 



+39.4 
+ 57.9 
+ 53. 
+14.0 
+19.8 
— ]5. 
—20.5 
— 2.7 



+12.9 
+56.2 
+73.7 
+40.3 



+ 32.8 
+60.5 
+48.8 
+11.5 
+14.3 
+10.1 
+16.9 
— 1.0 



+17.0 
+ 52.2 
+68.9 
+52.9 



+42.9 
+51. 4 
+72.3 
+23. 4 
+31.0 
+38.7 
+ 38.2 
+ 7.0 



+ 22.9 
+ 60.7 
+ 72.0 
+ 54.4 



+ 56.3 
+ 62. 1 
+101.2 
+ 77.2 
+ 39.4 
+ 57.2 
+ 64.5 
+ 39.3 



+ 44.4 
+ 66.2 
+ 99.9 
+ 64.7 



+ 62.4 
+ 75. 9 
+102. 6 
+ 81.0 
+ 71.3 
+ 80.2 
+ 70.1 
+ 49.0 



+ 39.7 
+ 48.0 
+ 77.2 
+ 61.8 



+ 62.7 
+ 89.9 
+ 100.8 
+ 68.9 
+ 80.4 
+ K*. 5 
+ 96.9 
+ 59.6 



+ 2.3 



+10.8 



+22.6 



+ 50. 1 



+ 66.0 



+ 71.5 



+46.7 



+ 52.1 



+56. 8 



+ 67.8 



+78.0 



73.4 



+24.5 



+31.4 



+ 39.7 



+ 58.9 



+ 72.3 



+ 72.5 



+ 43.9 
+ 51.2 
+ 59.7 
+ 60.5 



+ 55.7 
+ 92.2 
+ 80.2 
+ 75.4 
+ 92.0 
+131.4 
+103. 
+ 55.9 



+ 19.8 
+ 0.6 

+ 47.4 
+ 54.0 



+ 55.9 
+ 62.9 
+ 72.4 
+ 82.1 
+ 95.9 
+ 121.6 
+ 97.0 
+ 26. 9 



+ 83.6 



+ 73.9 



+ 49.0 



+ 75.1 



61.4 



Gbttingen civil time. 


8'' 


i» b 


10" 


ll h 


Noon. 


13* 


14 h 


15 h 


TTglaanrie civil time. 


20 k +53 m .6 


21">+53"».6 


22 h +53 m .6 


23 k +53™.6 


0»+53 m .6 


l»+52" l .6 


2 h +53'".6 


9'» + 53">.G 


1882. 


— 0.3 
+ 30.8 
+ 43.9 
+ 40.4 

+ 50.8 
+ 14.3 
+ 9.6 
+- 69. 6 
+ 75.8 
+109. 3 
+ 79.9 
+ 40.7 


+10.4 
—13.2 
+10.2 
+17.3 

+50.7 
+ 16.2 
+29.6 
+33.3 
+52.1 
+78.6 
+73.8 
+ 51.9 


—17.3 
—46.9 

— 5.9 

— 1.3 

+19.0 

— 8.1 

— 9.3 
+ 2.8 
+52.3 
+22.9 
+36.3 
+23.1 


+ 7.5 
—32.9 
—35.4 

+ 7.2 

—26.6 
—17.2 
—34.3 

— 5.2 
+11.8 

— 5.6 

+12.8 

+ 5.7 


—14.7 
—36.7 
—11.8 
—13.9 

—15.4 
+ 5.1 
—37.1 
—30.5 
—35.2 
+19.2 
—13.1 
+18.3 


—10.7 
+ 4.3 
—39.4 

—03.2 

—27.9 
—46.1 
—26.3 
—50.7 
—62.0 
— 6.5 
—21.8 
+12.7 


—18.7 
—31.9 
—67.4 
— 5G.9 

—62.3 
—64.2 
—82.8 
^6.6 
—57.1 
—57.4 
—12. 4 
— 5.0 


31 7 




31.7 




72.2 




— 70.9 


1883. 


63 6 




—33.3 




62. e 




42.1 




59.4 




49.5 




— 10.7 




28.4 








+ 62.5 


+50.0 


+20.0 


+ 4.5 


— 9.3 


—23.2 


—32.9 


37 








+ 31.6 


+18.5 


— 8.8 


—23.2 


—18.3 


—33.1 


—60.9 


55.7 








+ 47. 1 


+34. 2 


+ 5.6 


— 9.4 


—13.8 


—28.1 


—46.9 


16 3 







Gottingen civil time. 


10" 


17" 


IS" 


19 h 


20" 


21* 


22" 


23" 


I: 

Scale value 

in parts 

of force, 

0.0000 


TJglaamie civil time. 


4 h +53».6 ' 


5"+53°.6 


6i+53»>.6 


7 h +53".6 


s^s- 1 ^ 


ohss-.g 


10 h +53».6 


ii*+53°>.6 


1882. 


—20.2 
—17.5 
—72.6 
—42.5 

—58.9 
—83.8 
—68.5 
—37.6 
—68.1 
—61.2 
—67.1 
—27.8 


— 38.7 

— 41.4 

— 58.7 

— 57.7 

— 78.9 

— 77.7 

— 96.0 

— 65.4 

— 87.7 
—128. 9 

— 88.5 

— 40.0 


— 38.0 

— 47.3 
—123. 5 

— 61.6 

— 41.8 

— 93.3 

— 80.3 

— 66.9 
—107. 8 
—133. 3 
—119.7 

— 60.0 


— 22.2 

— 83.4 

— 85.4 

— 33.4 

— 70. 2 

— 70.4 

— 91.5 

— 96.4 

— 76.3 

— 87.9 
—134. 5 

— 50.8 


— 5.5 

— 60.3 

— 65.7 

— 61.9 

— 79.7 

— 39.0 

— 64.1 

— 52.5 

— 44.2 
—102. 8 
—100. 8 

— 55.7 


— 9.6 
—18.3 
—19.8 
—37.8 

—33.0 
—52.5 
—52.1 
—31.2 
—20.0 
—38.8 
—48.3 
—65.6 


—18.2 
+ 3.7 
+23.1 
— 0.6 

+ 1.7 
—28.5 
+ 1.8 
—12.1 
—21.0 
—33.5 
—22.8 
—35.2 


+ 10.0 
+ 37.0 
+ 31.6 
+19.4 

+ 27.0 
+ 18.2 
+31.9 
— 1.6 
+ 2.5 
—12.6 
—29.0 
—16. 7 


719 




719 




743 




749 


1883. 


749 




749 




760 




760 




760 




700 




760 




760 






April to September, inclusive . 


—47.0 


— 74.9 


— 87.6 


— 78. 


— 60.2 


—35.6 


—23.8 


— 7.9 


753 


October to March, inclusive . . 


—57.3 


— 68.4 


— 74.6 


— 72.4 


— 61.8 


—35. 6 


+ 1.5 


+27.5 


746 




—52.2 


— 71. 


— 81.1 


— 75.2 


— 61.0 


—35.0 


—11.1 


+ 9.S 


750 







510 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Monthly mean values of the hourly readings of the thermometer attached to the Bifdar magnetometer and 

expressed in degrees of Fahrenheit's scale. 



Gottingen civil time . 



TTglaamie civil time. 



September. 

October 

November . 
December . 



18S2. 



18S3 



January . . 
February . 
March .... 

April 

Way 

Juno 

J uly 

August ... 



April to September, inclusive. 
October to Aiaich, inclusive... 
Year 



Noon+>3 ra .6. 



3G.4 

19.6 

3.8 

—7.8 



—5.3 
3.7 
2.6 
15.5 
37.0 
47.8 
49.1 
47.7 



38.9 

2.8 

20.8 



13>+53™G. 



37.0 

20.4 

3.9 

—7.5 



—4.8 
5.1 
3.5 
16.3 
37.3 
48.1 
49.5 
48.3 



39.4 

3.4 

21.4 



2 1, 



14''+53"'.6. • 15>+53™.G. 



37.2 
20.9 
4.1 ] 
—7.1 



—4.5 
5.5 
4.2 
17.2 
38.0 
48.7 
50 
48.6 



37.1 

20.8 

4.2 

—7.0 



—4.7 
5.4 
4.G 
17.0 
37.0 
48.5 
49.6 
48.4 



40.0 

3.8 

21.9 



39. 
3. 

21. 



JG'+53"\G. ! 17 t +53'".G. 



37.6 

21.0 

4 G 

—6.4 



—4.5 
5.9 
5.9 
18 
37.0 
48.0 
49.4 
48.5 



39.8 
4.4 
22.1 



33.4 

•JO. 3 

4.3 

— G. 5 



—4.4 
0.1 
5.4 
17.6 
36.6 
47.6 
48 8 
48.4 



18''+53».6. 



35.9 

20.0 

4.5 

—6.6 



-4.4 
G. 1 
4.7 
17.1 
35.6 
4G.6 
48.1 
48.0 



39.2 
4.2 
21.7 



38.6 

4.0 

21.3 



I* 



19"+53».G. 



35.4 

19.4 

3.5 

—6.8 



—4.4 
6.0 
3.9 
15.8 
34.5 
44.8 
4G. 5 
47.2 



37.4 
3.6 
20.5 





V 


9" 


10 h 


ll b 


Noon. 


13" 


M* 


15 1 " 








20 h +53™.6. 


21">+53™.6. 


22 1 +53*.6. 


23 h +53"".6. 


0*+53 m .6. 


lH-53 ,n .6. 


2"+53™.G. 


S h 4-53™. 6. 






1882. 


34.7 

18.3 

2.5 

—7.9 

—5.7 
4.5 
2.8 
14.2 
33.1 
43.9 
46.0 
46.3 


34.5 

17.5 

1.9 

—8.5 

—6.4 
3.7 
2.0 
12.8 
31.9 
42.8 
45.1 
45.4 


33.8 

17.0 

1.5 

—8.9 

—6.9 
3.1 
1.0 
11.5 
30.7 
41.8 
44.1 
44.8 


33.8 

17.0 

1.3 

—9.0 

—7.3 
2.5 
0.3 
10.0 
29.5 
40.9 
43.2 
44.3 


34.1 
17.2 
1.6 

—8.9 

—7.1 

2.5 

—0.1 

8.9 

2S.8 

40.3 

43.0 

44.0 


34.0 

17.3 

1.5 

—9.0 

—7.1 
2.3 
—0.5 
8.2 
28.2 
39.8 
42 G 
43.3 


34.0 

17.3 

1.5 

—9.0 

-6 9 
2.2 
—0.9 
7.3 
27.6 
39.6 
42.2 
43.1 


33 7 




17.1 




1.5 




—9.0 


1883. 


—7.0 




2.0 




—1.2 


May 


6.8 

27.7 




39 4 




42.4 




42.9 








36.4 

2.4 

19.4 


35.4 

1.7 

18.6 


34.4 
LI 

17.8 


33.6 
0.8 
17.2 


33.2 

0.9 

17.0 


32.7 

0.8 
16.7 


32.3 

0.7 
16.5 


32.2 




0.6 




16.4 









10" 


17* 


18" 


19 b 


20 h 


21 b 


22 b 


23' 






Monthly 




4»+53°>.6. 


5 b +53»6. 


6 b +53-.6. 


7 h +53">.6. 


8H-53-.6. 


9H-53-.6. 


10 k +53">.6. 


ll h +53">.6. 


mean. 






1882. 


33.9 

17.4 

1.5 

—8.8 

—6.6 

2.2 

—1.4 

6.6 

28.2 

39.4 

42.3 

42.7 


33.8 
17.5 

1.7 
—8.7 

—6.4 

2.2 

—1.5 

6.7 

29.0 

39.8 

42.5 

42.5 


33.9 
17.6 
2.3 

—7.5 

—5.4 

3.0 

—0.9 

7.6 

29.8 

40.6 

43.3 

42.8 


33.9 

17.5 

2.3 

—7.9 

—5.6 

2.6 

—0.9 

8.0 

31.1 

41.6 

43.9 

43.1 


34.4 

17.4 

2.3 

—8.0 

-5.7 

2.5 

—0.6 

9.5 

32.4 

42.7 

45.0 

43.8 


34.9 

17.5 

2.5 

—8.1 

—5.7 
2.8 
0.0 
11.0 
33.8 
44.0 
46.1 
44.7 


35.3 
17.7 
2.6 

—8.1 

—5.8 
3.5 
0.9 

12.8 
35.5 
45. 4 
47.4 
45.9 


35.8 

18.4 

2.9 

—8.2 

-5.4 
4.0 
2.1 
14.5 
37.3 
47.0 
48.4 
47.1 


+35. °1 




+18. 4 




+ 2. 7 




— 8. 


1883. 


— 5. 8 




+ 3. 7 




+ 1. 5 




+12. 1 




+32. 8 


June 


+43. 7 




+46. 8 




+45. 5 






April to September, inclusive . . . 
October to March, inclusive 


32.2 

0.7 

16.4 


32.4 

0.8 

16.6 


33.0 

1.5 

17.3 


33.6 

1.3 

17.5 


34.6 
1.3 

18.0 


35.8 

1.5 

18.6 


37.0 

1.8 

19.4 


38.4 
2.3 
20.3 


+35. 8 
+ 2. 1 
+19. 







TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT. 



There were no special observations made to ascertain the effect of changes of temperature on 
the magnetic moment of the bifilar magnet; the instrument was mechanically compensated as near 
as could be judged ; we have, therefore, to determine the outstanding effect by means of the 



SOLAR-DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC HORIZONTAL FORCE 

Observed at Uglaamie, Alaska. 

( Disturbances included. ) 

Uglaamie Civil Time. 



'00 100- 

eoo 

500 

400 
000 



I 20<> 



8 loo 

■I ° 

! ao ° 

e 

| aoo 

uoo 

400 

500 

600 

-00 100 










S 


i 


t .m ii 


\ 


"VI 


■vn ~wn 


t 3. XI NoonSttHV "XT-SSI ISKSSH XUL' Wt 333 3X03X111 Wnl 
































































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Fatt/ curves— — — means of Gut year, Stptj 33B2, So Jtotfi38Q3,-ia£S. 
Broken » .-*—• •— ■— to&HI/ of & Trwnths, saib-mJTwrifu iZccUitaxiuru. 
Tlottf .fi, -^ u a^-" •* nnp/m* iff 'A , Z&2Zt2iS 1 fjgn^ in / fffujft u rl*>r1inatf( gt- 



EXPEDITION TO POOT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



511 



ordinary hourly readings. During 1SS2, one lamp was continually burning in the observatory, 
but early next year three lamps were kept burning, the supply of oil in store being greater than was 
at first supposed. The annual average temperature in the observatory, as sliown by a Fahrenheit 
therm ometer inside the zinc cover of the bifilar, was + 19°.0 or —7°. 22 O. 

In consequence of the irregularities in the state of the instrument as shown by the monthly 
mean readings, the only available method for deducing the temperature coefficient q appeared to 
be that of selecting a number of consecutive and undisturbed days at times wheu the temperature 
was rapidly changing, and find for each case the apparent change of the daily means in scale 
divisions corresponding to a change of 1° in temperature. The following values were thus found: 



Date. 


Change of the 
daily rueaus. 


Conesponding 

cbango 
in temperature. 


Change for 
1° Fahrenheit. 


1882. 
October 30, 31 


d 

+ 55 
+ 2G 
+ 27 
—39 
+ 44 

+40 
+ 16 
+37 


o 
+13.4 

— 8.0 

— 7.3 
+11.0 
—10.3 

— 7.4 
+ 6.8 

— 8.3 


d 
+4.1 
-3.3 
— 3.7 
—3.5 
—4.3 

—5.3 

+2.4 
—4.5 




December 1, 2 




1883. 


March 11, 12 


July 19, 20 





It is proposed to adopt provisionally the mean value —2.2 ±0.8 which is equivalent to a 
decrease of 0.000185 part of the horizontal force for an increase of temperature of 1° Fah. or 
q = 0.000165 

In the following table the values in columns 3, 4, 5 are uncorrected for changes of temper- 
mature, the next three columns show the temperature differences for which corrections were required, 
and the last three columns give the diurnal variations thus corrected. The values are laid down on 
the accompanying diagram. 

Solar-diurnal variation of the horizontal force, inclusive of disturb ances, and expressed in parts of the 

force, at tlglaamie, 1882-'83. 






1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
Noon. 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 



a. 3 



Noon 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

0>>. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 



+ 53. 6 

+ 53. G 
+ 53. 6 
-1- 53. 6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+53. 6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+53. 6 
+ 53.6 
+53.6 
+ 53.6 
+ 53.6 
+53.6 



§■3 



+ .00017 
. 00081 
. 00170 
. 00377 
. 00497 
. 00538 
. 00630 
. 00556 
. 00471 
. 00376 
.00151 

+ . 00034 

— 00070 
. 00175 
. 00248 
. 00279 
. 00354 
. 00504 
. 006GO 
. 00587 
. 00453 
. 00268 
.00179 

— . 00059 



of 3 




Teniporature difference. 


Solar-diurnal variation. 


•3 S* 


OS 
















o 








5^3 c3 


S* 3 s 




O o 




t-35°.8 


t-2°.l 


e-i9°.o 


© o *-* 


6 g 3 


Whole 


Kg 


o 
si 


ON. 


OS. 


year. 


•" ° ^ 


j-fl 9 h 


year. 


'Jl 71 


£ 








gao-H 


£*o2 











o 











+. 00348 


+. 00184 


+3.1 


+ 0.7 


+ 1.8 


+ . 00069 


+. 00360 


+ .00214 


. 00389 


. 00236 


+3.0 


+ 1.3 


+2.4 


. 00140 


. 00410 


. 00276 


. 00424 


. 00298 


+4.2 


+1-7 


+ 2.9 


. 00239 


. 00452 


. 00346 


. 00506 


. 00442 


+3.8 


+ 1.8 


+2.8 


. 00440 


. 00536 


. 00488 


. 00586 


. 00542 


+4.0 


+2.3 


+3.1 


. 00563 


. 00624 


. 00593 


. 00548 


. 00544 


+ 3.4 


+2.1 


+2.7 


. 00594 


. 00563 


. 00589 


. 00497 


. 00563 


+ 2.8 


+1.9 


+2.3 


. 00670 


. 00528 


. 00001 


. 00366 


. 00461 


+1.6 


+1.5 


+ 1.5 


. 00582 


.00391 


. 00486 


. 00236 


.00353' 


+ 0.6 


+0.3 


+ 0.4 


. 0C481 


. 00241 


. 003G0 


+ .00138 


. 00257 


—0.4 


—0.4 


—0.4 


. 00369 


+ .00131 


. 00250 


— . 00065 


+. 0004! 


—1.4 


—1.0 


—1.2 


+ .00128 


— . 00081 


+ .00022 


. 00173 


— . 00071 


—2.2 


—1.3 


—1.8 


— . 00002 


. 00194 


— . 00101 


. 00136 


. 00103 


—2.6 


—1.2 


—2.0 


. 00113 


. 00156 


.00136 


. 00247 


. 00211 


—3.1 


—1.3 


—2.3 


. 00226 


. 002G8 


. 00249 


. 00454 


. 00352 


—3.5 


—1.4 


—2. 5 


. 00306 


. 00477 


. 00393 


.00416 


. 00347 


—3.6 


—1.5 


—2.6 


. 00338 


. 00441 


. 00390 


. 00427 


. 00391 


—3.6 


—1.4 


—2.6 


. 00413 


. 00450 


. 00434 


. 00510 


. 00537 


—3.4 


—1.3 


—2.4 


. 00620 


. 00531 


. 00577 


. 00557 


. 00608 


—2.8 


—0.6 


—1.7 


. 00706 


. 005G7 


. 00636 


. 00540 


. 00564 


—2.2 


—0.8 


—1.5 


. 00623 


. 00553 


. 00589 


. 00401 


. 00458 


—1.2 


—0.8 


—1.0 


. 00473 


. 00474 


. 00474 


— . 00266 


. 00267 


0.0 


—0.6 


—0.4 


. 00268 


— . 00276 


. 00274 


+.00011 


— . 00083 


+1.2 


—0.3 


+ 0.4 


.00159 


+. 00006 


— . 00076 


+. 00205 


+ . 00073 


+2.6 


+0.2 


+1.3 


— . 00016 


+ . 00208 


+. 00094 



At Uglaamie the daily maximum value of the horizontal force occurs between the hours 5 
and 7 p. m., and the daily minimum about 7 a. in.; there is also a very slight indication of a 
secondary disturbance in the regular progression between 3 and 5 a. m. corresponding to a second- 



512 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



ary maximum about 6 a. m. as exhibited at Toronto, and more strongly at Philadelphia at 5f a. 
m. where it constitutes the principal maximum, the secondary occurring at 4 p. m. The maximum 
at Toronto takes place between 4 and 5 p.. m. and the minimum about 10 a. m. 

The diurnal inequality in the whole deflecting force acting in the horizontal plane may bo 
exhibited graphically both in direction and magnitude as in the annexed diagram. 

The origin of the co-ordinates represents the normal declination and horizontal force, and any 
line drawn from it to any part of the curve will represent in direction and magnitude (according 
to scale of diagram) the deflecting force acting at the time as marked against that point. If for any 
time the angle y equals the westerly deflection of the horizontal needle the deflecting force produc- 
ing the same is H sin if, and when expressed in parts of the horizontal force simply sin y. A deflec- 



tion of y minutes corresponds to 



or 0.000291 y, parts nearly. The table of the solar-diur- 



3437. 7 

nal variation of the declination contains the values of y for every hour of the day, and the corre- 
sponding change in the force at right angles thereto is contained in the preceding table of the 
variations of the horizontal force ; these two components, the westerly and northerly, appear com- 
bined in the diagram. It will be seen that the disturbing forces act more energetically in a plane 
approaching closer to the true than to the magnetic meridian, and that the usual character of the 
representation is changed by their action, that half of the curve containing the hours 21 (9 p. m.) 
to 2Ja. m. being thrown far to the westward, forming a loop, and beyond the branch containing noon ; 
on the other hand, the great extension of the deflecting force between 7 and 8 a. m. is wholly due 
to the great activity of the easterly disturbances about these hours. This will become clear when 
the disturbances have been separated from the normal deflecting forces, and a diagram for the 
latter alone is presented. 



DIURNAL VARIATION IN THE WHOLE DEFLECTING FORCE ACTING IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE. 

[The intensity of the total horizontal deflecting force is expressed in parts of H and all its disturbances are included.] 



\ 
















1 






















w 


















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0080O 


ix 
















V 






















1 


i\ 




































640 
560 
480 






V 


w 


TT 


































\ 


3K5I 


P 


\ 






£ 




























< 


\ 


A 


^K 




1 
































Y 




























020 
•240 








: 


ZZ1 < 


>,«ss 






•a 




























KIHT 


/ 


k 


■ 




i 






























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080 
00 000 










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>n- 






























TS 


J 




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d'rrt 


,.-'"" 


^ 






s 


,-n 






























N 










N 


v 






























V 


x 








\ 


|S 






























i 


fv 


V 








\,X 
















400 


















TIT 


„ 






•* 


































v , 


$*s 


Sv 


V. 


IS 






560 


























\ 




s 


s 


s 


\ 






























\ 




■vi J 


V 


O 


vnt 


720 




























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o <g o «* 

-^ -? o <s 



Westerly deflecting ivrce. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



513 



THE VERTICAL, MAGNETOMETER. 

The length of 1 division of the scale is l mm , the radius, mirror to scale, is 1.719" 1 , hence angular 
value of 1 division of scale = 1'. In consequence of the great sensitiveness given to the instrument, 
which was nearly double what it was intended it should have a few of the largest disturbances 
were beyond the range of the instrument during November, and thus failed to be recorded. 

(1) Adjustment and determination of scale value September 9, 1882, noon. The knife-edg6 
was brought into the magnetic meridian on the leveled agate supports; the magnet was- balanced 
at ll h 22™ p. m., Gottingen time ; the fixed and movable mirrors were made to read 500. 

Observations for time of one oscillation of magnet and appendages. 



Magnet supported on knife-edge. 



L 2 


18.0 


3 


25.5 


3 


28.0 


3 


33.5 



10 oscillations were performed* in 
16 oscillations were performed in 
16 oscillations were performed in 
16 oscillations were performed in 



58 oscillations were performed in 12 45. 

Hence T— 13M90; and value of one division 
of the scale in parts of the vertical force 
(for log «f-=log 1') 



*.(,+») 



cot 0^=0.00008028 



and multiplying by V=12.786, value of one 
division of s'cale=6.001026 English units. 



Magnet suspended by threads. 



8 oscillations were performed* in 2 21. 5 
10 oscillations were performed in 2 56.9 
10 oscillations were performed in 2 56. 2 



28 oscillations were performed in 8 14.6 
Hence 2 , i=17".664 (uncorrected for torsion). 



Observations for torsion of thread. 



Torsion 
circle. 



15° 
285 
105 

15 



Scale 
extremes. 



488'' 

70S 
623 

480 



and 711' 1 
323 
754 
714 



Mean. 



Diff. 



600'' 
516 
690 
597 



84 J 

174 

93 

351 



Value of one division=l'; 351-*-4=87 
hence corrected time 



i<\J ■ 



2'i=17».664/\/ 1+^=17>.807 



• By Chronometer Bond 188. 



(2) Readjustment November 3, 10J h p. m. (Gottingen time), to November 4, 4tp a. m. (Gottingen 
time). Instrument releveled, fixed mirror made to read 500 ; also movable mirror adjusted to 
division 50, 5 h 20 m p. m. (local time). 



Magnet supported on knife-edge. 


Magnet suspended by threads. 


Xhe center of gravity was raised until 
time of one oscillation was found to he 
2=13».698 After a few minutes the op- 
eration was repeated with the following 
result : 

rn. s. 
10 oscillations were performed* in 2 07. 5 
8 oscillations were performed in 1 42. 


10 oscillations were perfo 
10 oscillations were perfo 

20 oscillations were perfo 
Hence Ti=17.840 (uncorrf 

Observations for tors] 


rn. s. 
rmed ■ in 2 57. 8 
rmed in 2 59. 


rmed in 5 56. 8 
cted for torsion). 

on of thread. 


18 oscillations were performed in 3 49. 5 

Hence T=12.750, mean T=13.224; and value 
of one division of the scale in parts of the 
vertical foree=0. 00008163, which is equal to 
0.001044 English units. 


Torsion 
circle. 


Scale 
extremes. 


Mean. 


Diff. 


164° 

74 

254' 

164 


596 d and 693' 1 
523 596 
755 773 
613 699 


644'' 
560 
764 
656 


84'' 
204 
108 


396 


396-i-4=99'.0; hence Ti=18'.002 



*By Chronometer Bond 188. 

(3) Balance magnetometer adjusted November 14, 1882 (7 p. m. Gottingen time), so as to 
oscillate in 9 S .06() and to read 500 at 10 h 05 m p. m. (Gottingen time). This value for T was derived 
from 20 oscillations ; no particulars are recorded. No observations of oscillations with magnet 
suspended. With T! = 18 s .002 and Trr^.OGO we have scale value in parts of the vertical force 
0,0001739, which is equal to 0.002223 English unit. 

(4) Readjustment of balance magnetometer March 4, 1S83. Instrument leveled, with supporting 
H. Ex. 44 05 



514 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



edge in magnetic prime vertical (7 a. m. Gottiugen time) ; magnet balanced by means of weights, and 
both mirrors brought to scale 50 (8 a. m. Gottingen time); magnet brought to oscillate in 11 8 .850 
by means of adjusting weight on upright stem (8J a. m. Gottingen time). 



JJl. S. 

10 oscillations were performed* in 1 58.5 

10 oscillations were performed in 1 58.5 

20 oscillations were performed in 3 57.0 

Hence T= 11*.850 With r 1 = 18».002 and T=ll'.850 we have valneof onedivision 
of scale in parts of the vertical force 0.0001017, which equals 0.001300 English unit. 



* By Chronometer Bond 188. 

(5) March 29, 1883, about 4 a. m. (Gottingen time) magnet removed, cleaned of slight frost 
that had collected on it, and replaced between 4 and 5 p. m. 

(G) April 15, 1883, magnet raised from support and lowered between 6 b 55 m and 7 h 00"' p. m. 
(Gottiugen time). 

(7) Beacljustment of the balance magnetometer April 27, 1883. Instrument leveled. Sup- 
porting edge in magnetic meridian for oscillations in horizontal plane 2 h 12 m a. m. (Gottingen 
time). Between 4 h 10 m and 5 h 40 !U a. m. adjusted fixed and movable mirrors to scale division 50. 



No. of 
oscillations. 


Time bv 
Bond 188. 


No. of 
oscillations. 


Time by 
Bond 188. 




6 

13 

19 


ft. m. s. 
1 1G 55. 

17 42.5 

18 37.0 

19 23.5 




6 

13 

19 


ft. m. s. 

2 27 03.5 
28 52. 
30 59.5 
32 47.5 



Time of one oscillation = 7". 810 Time of one oscillation=]8 s .105 



No. of 
oscillations. 


Time by 
Bond 188. 


Torsion 
circle. 


Scale 
extremes. 


Mean. 


Diff. 




6 

13 

19 


ft. m. s. 
G 38 29.0 

39 15.0 

40 02. 5 
40 41. 5 


Change 90° 
Change 180 
Change 90 


250 J andG90' 1 

15 735 

460 730 

235 675 


470 d 
375 
595 
455 


95 d 
220 
140 


455 



Time of one oscillation = 6».974 455 -s- 4 = 113'.8 : hence ri = 18'.295 



ITence scale value for the time preceding April 27, using T=7 8 .816, one division=0.0002413 
part of the vertical force, or 0.003086 English unit, and after April 27 using T=6 S .974, one divis- 
ion =0.0003031 part of the force, or 0.003876 English unit, 

(8) May 3, 18S3, magnet of balance magnetometer raised on support and lowered between 11 
and 12 p. m. (Gottiugen time). Found time of one oscillation in the vertical plane=8 s .750; hence with 
Tx=18 s .295, one division of the scale=0.0001926 part of the vertical force, or 0.002462 English 
unit. 

(9) May 21, 1883. At 3 a. m. Gottingen time magnet fell off support ; replaced and time of one 
oscillation determined 8 8 .700; hence one division of scale=0.0001948 part of the vertical force, or 
0.002490 English unit. 

Increasing scale readings denote increasing vertical force. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



515 



nOT'ULY HEADINGS OF THE BROOKE BALANCE MAGNETOMETER, TOGETHER WITH THE CORRES- 
PONDING TEMPERATURE (.FAH), FROM SEPTEMBER 12, 1882, TO AUGUST 27, 1883. 



Value of one division of scale. 


English 
units. 


Gaussian 
units. 


B. A. units, 
or dynes. 


Between September 9, 188', and November 3, 1882 


.00103 
. 00104 
. 00222 
.00130 
. 00309 
. Ou.388 
. 0024G 
.00249 


. 000473 
. 000481 
.00102 
. 00000 
.00142 
.00179 
.00114 
. 00115 


. 000047 
. 000048 
. 000102 
. O00OGO 
. 000142 
. 000179 
.000114 
. 000115 




Between November 14, 1882, and March 4, 1883 


Between March 4, 1883 and April 15, 1883 


Between April 15, 1883, and April 27, 1883 




Between May 3 1X83 and May 21 1883 






The average scale reading 523 corresponds approximately | 


5.898 


0. 5898 



[Tabular valnes uncorrected for changes of temperature. A parallel sign || indicates that the instrument was readjusted. Extreme scale 
divisions, and 800; when the magnet passed off the zero end it is indicated by (0 — ?); when off the opposite end by (800 + ?); the 
extremes are included in the monthly mean hourly values, Gottingen time. Increasing scale numbers denote increasing vertical force.] 

Hotirly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, at Uglaamie, Alaska, September, 1882. 

(Gottingen time.) 



Date. 


0" 


1<" 


2" 


3 h 


4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8 h 


9 k 


10" 


U" 


Noon. 


13 h 


14> 


15 h 


10" 


17" 


18 h 


19 k 


20 h 


21* 


22 u 


23 k 


Sept. 12.. | 




384 


388 


388 


362 


302 


386 


388 


395 


392 


397 


398 


400 


399 


401 


403 


402 


402 


401 


411 


398 


399 


397 


394 




384 


388 


389 


366 


364 


385 


388 


396 


393 


396 


397 


399 


399 


402 


404 


403 


403 


402 


412 


398 


398 


395 


394 


Temp . . . 




46 
396 


46 
397 


45.5 
397 


44.5 
394 


42.5 
391 


41 

394 


40 
393 


38 
371 


37 

385 


36 

397 


35 
392 


35 

400 


35 

406 


35 

407 


34 

404 


34 

419 


33.5 
411 


33.5 
420 


34 

409 


34 
394 


36.5 
395 


36.5 
395 


37 


Sept. 13..^ 


392 


395 


393 


397 


397 


396 


393 


391 


394 


393 


370 


385 


397 


392 


399 


407 


407 


405 


419 


410 


421 


408 


395 


394 


395 


394 


Temp .... 


38 


38 


39 


39 


40 


39 


38.5 


37 


37 


36 


36 


36 


37 


37 


36 


36 


36 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


36 


Sept. 14.. | 


399 


401 


407 


406 


404 


400 


402 


401 


403 


405 


400 


396 


404 


404 


408 


409 


414 


424 


410 


408 


406 


405 


407 


407 


398 


398 


404 


405 


405 


400 


403 


401 


4C4 


403 


398 


397 


40.3 


404 


409 


410 


414 


424 


410 


409 


406 


106 


407 


407 


Temp 


36 


36 


36 


36 


37 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36.5 


37 


39 


40 


Sept. 15.. £ 
Temp.... 


405 
404 
40 


405 


407 


407 


407 


407 


409 


400 


398 


388 


391 


393 


401 


398 


407 


406 


406 


403 


404 


404 


404 


402 


401 


399 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


39 


37 


39.5 


42 


42 


48.5 


44 


45 


46 


45 


45 


45 


45 


41 


43.5 


41.5 


45 


46 


48 


47 


Sept. 16.. £ 


399 


399 


399 


400 


401 


402 


403 


405 


407 


407 


409 


409 


410 


410 


410 


411 


413 


411 


411 


411 


412 


410 


109 


409 




399 


399 


400 


401 


402 


403 


405 


406 


407 


409 


409 


410 


411 


410 


411 


413 


412 


411 


411 


411 


410 


4(9 


410 


Temp.... 


51 


48 


47.5 


40.5 


45 


42 


41 


39 


38 


37 


36 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


35.5 


35 


35 


35 


36 


36 


36.5 


38 


39 


Sept. 17.. J 


409 


409 


409 


408 


409 


411 


411 


411 


407 


410 


413 


412 


414 


416 


414 


416 


414 


414 


415 


411 


412 


412 


412 


411 


409 


409 


409 


408 


410 


411 


411 


411 


407 


410 


413 


414 


414 


415 


414 


416 


414 


414 


415 


411 


412 


412 


412 


411 


Temp... 


40 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


39 


36 


35 


34 


34 


33 


33 


34 


34 


34 


34 


34 


35 


35 


35 


35 


35.5 


36 


36 


Sept. 18.. $ 


412 


412 


411 


408 


406 


407 


408 


409 


410 


411 


411 


412 


412 


412 


411 


412 


416 


418 


413 


411 


412 


409 


407 


408 


412 


412 


411 


408 


406 


408 


408 


409 


410 


411 


411 


412 


412 


412 


412 


413 


416 


418 


413 


411 


412 


408 


407 


407 


Temp .... 


36.5 37 


41.5 


46 


44.5 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36 


35 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


37 


39 


38.5 


38.5 


Sept. 19. J 


409 410 


410 


410 


410 


411 


411 


411 


411 


412 


412 


U2 


412 


413 


413 


418 


415 


414 


412 


411 


410 


409 


410 


413 


409 


410 


410 


410 


410 


411 


411 


411 


411 


412 


112 


412 


412 


413 


113 


418 


415 


414 


412 


411 


409 


409 


411 


414 


Temp 


38 


38 


39 


41 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36 


35 


., i 


35 


35 


35 


35 


34 


35 


36 


35 


35 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


Sept. 20.. J 


414 


414 


413 


414 


415 


414 


415 


410 


411 


410 


407 


410 


414 


414 


415 


416 


417 


416 


416 


417 


416 


417 


417 


418 


414 


414 


413 


414 


415 


414 


414 


411 


410 


411 


407 


410 


414 


414 


414 


416 


417 


416 


416 


417 


416 


417 


417 


419 


Temp 


35 


35 


35.5 


35 


35 


35 


34 


34 


34 


33.5 


33 


33 


33 


32.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


Sept. 21.. | 


423 


418 


413 


418 


417 


417 


417 


417 


418 


417 


406 


401 


410 


415 


417 


416 


418 


417 


417 


416 


416 


416 


415 


416 


422 


419 


418 


418 


417 


417 


418 


417 


418 


417 


407 


401 


410 


415 


417 


417 


418 


417 


417 


416 


416 


416 


416 


416 


Temp.... 


32.5 


33 


33 


33 


33 


32.5 


32 


32 


31 


31 


31 


31 


31.5 


31.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


33 


Sept. 22.. 5 


417 


417 


417 


417 


417 


418 


418 


418 


419 


416 


416 


412 


416 


4t9 


422 


420 


420 


419 


418 


418 


417 


418 


418 


418 


418 


417 


418 


417 


417 


418 


418 


418 


419 


416 


416 


412 


416 


420 


421 


420 


420 


419 


418 


418 


417 


418 


418 


418 


Temp 


33 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32 


31 


3.1 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


31 


31 


31 


31 


30 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


31 


Sept. 23.. 5 


418 


418 


418 


418 


418 


418 


419 


419 


420 


420 


421 


421 


420 


420 


420 


424 


435 


427 


420 


419 


413 


412 


414 


415 


418 


418 


418 


418 


418 


418 


419 


419 


420 


421 


420 


421 


420 


421 


420 


425 


434 


427 


420 


419 


413 


412 


414 


415 


Temp ... 


32 


32 


33 


33 


33 


32 


32 


30 


29 


29 


28.5 


29 


29.5 


29.5 


30 


29 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


32 


Sept. 24.. | 


415 


415 


416 


417 


418 


419 


418 


419 


419 


419 


419 


418 


419 


419 


419 


419 


419 


419 


417 


417 


416 


415 


415 


416 


416 


415 


417 


418 


418 


419 


418 


419 


419 


419 


419 


418 


419 


419 


419 


419 


419 


419 


417 


410 


416 


415 


415 


515 


Temp.... 


33. 5 


35 


35 


34 


33 


33 


32 


31 


31 | 30. 5 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


31 


30.5 


30 


31 


Sept, 25.. £ 


416 


416 


418 


421 


416 


405 


398 


402 


396 [400 


420 


428 


426 


426 


420 


431 


438 


463 


451 


428 


422 


417 


415 


U8 


416 


417 


418 


422 


415 


405 


398 


402 


396 400 


420 


429 


426 


426 


420 


430 


438 


463 


450 


427 


422 


417 


415 


417 


Temp.... 


31.5 


31. £ 


31.5 


32 


31 


31 


30 


30 


29.5 29 


29 


29 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30.5 


31 


32 


Sept. 26.. 5 


418 


418 


417 


420 


420 


421 


419 


411 


416 390 


398 


417 


434 


427 


423 


422 


421 


420 


421 


421 


422 


420 


419 


419 


418 


418 


416 


420 


420 


421 


419 


411 


416 403 


401 


417 


433 


427 


423 


421 


421 


420 


421 


421 


422 


419 


419 


419 


Temp... 


33 


34 


34 


33 


35 


33 


33 


33 


31. 5 1 31 


30 


30 


29 


29 


29 


28 


29 


30 


30 


29 


30 


31 


32 


33.5 


Sept. 27.. f 


418 


418 


418 


416 


414 


407 


409 


409 


405 


409 


404 


417 


414 


432 


427 


424 


424 


419 


418 


419 


419 


418 


417 


418 


418 


418 


418 


415 


414 


407 


409 


409 


405 


409 


404 


416 


415 


432 


427 


424 


424 


419 


418 


419 


419 


418 


417 


417 


Temp 


34 


35 


35 


36 


36 


35 


35 


34 


33 


33 


32.5 


32. E 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


33 


34.5 


35 


35.5 


36 


Sept. 28. . £ 


419 


418 


418 


417 


416 


416 


415 


415 


412 


408 


411 


412 


413 


416 


418 


419 


419 


418 


415 


414 


412 


413 


413 


413 


419 


418 


418 


417 


416 


416 


415 


415 


413 


409 


411 


411 


413 


416 


418 


419 


419 


418 


415 


415 


412 


413 


413 


413 


Temp... 


37 


38 


38 


3S 


38 


38.5 


39 


38 


37 


37 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36.5 


37 


37 


38 


38.5 


Sept. 29.. £ 


413 


414 


414 


413 


413 


413 


413 


414 


415 


412 


416 


419 


422 


418 


419 


416 


415 


415 


414 


413 


413 


412 


413 


413 


413 


414 


414 


413 


413 


413 


413 


414 


415 


412 


416 


419 


422 


417 


419 


416 


415 


415 


414 


413 


413 


412 


413 


413 


Temp .. 


38.5 


39 


39 


39 


40 


39 


38 


38.5 


37.5 


37 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 


37 


Sept. 30.. £ 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


413 


411 


410 


407 


419 


420 


423 


424 


423 


421 


416 


414 


416 


415 


414 


415 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


414 


413 


410 


410 


407 


419 


420 


423 


424 


423 


421 


416 


414 


416 


415 


414 


414 


Temp... 


37.5 
411.6 


38 

410. S 


38 

410.9 


38 


38.5 


38 


38 


38 


37 


36 


35 


35 


35 


34.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34 


35 
416.3 


35 


35 
412.1 


35.5 


36 


36 


Magnet'r 
Reduced 


411.1 


409.2 


408.2 


409.4 


408.7 


407. 6 406. 6 


408.3 


409.8 


413.7 


415.0 


415.5 


416.4 


418.3 


418.5 


414.3 


411.2 


410.9 


411.3 


517. 3 


516. C 


516.6 


516.8 


514.9 


513.9 


515.1 


514.4 


513. 3 512. 3 


514.0 


515.5 


519.4 


520.7 


521.2 


522, 1 


524. 


524.2 


522.0 


5.20. 


517.8 


516.9 


516.6 


517.0 


Temp... 


36.4 


37. C 


37.2 


37.1 


37.6 


36.4 


35.9 


35.4 


34. 71 34. 5 


33.8 


33.8 


34.1 


34.0 


34.0 


33.7 


33.9 


33.8 


33.9 


33.9 


34.4 


34.9 


35.3 


35.8 



To rednce readings to an approximately uniform series increase each reading by 40.7 + 65.0 = 105.7 divisions; it is found as follows: 
Mean of 10 days, September 24 to Octo!:or 3, inclusive, 414.1 ; mean of 10 days, October 4 to 13, inclusive, 454.8; difference, 40.7 Eor origin of 
number 65.0 see noto to next month. One division of scale =.0000803 part of the vertical force. Monthly moans: Temperature, 35°.l;m<ig- 
notometer, 411.9; red-iced mean, 517.6 



516 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer at Uglaaviie, Alaska, October, 1SS2. 



Date. | 0> 


1'' 


2 b »,, 


4"' 


5 h 


<>»■ 


7" 


S h 


H" 10" 




11" 


S« a. 
404 


13<" 

405 


| 4 h 


15'' 


16" 


17" 

405 


403 


tv 

403 


20 1 ' 

403 


21" 

402 


22" 23" 


oct.i-.fb 

Temp 1 36 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


413 


411 410 


409 408 


401 


406 4H7 


413 


402 401 


38 


40 


40 


41 


38 


39.5 


40 i 41.5 


41 1 42 


42 


43 


43 


44 45 


45 


44 


45 


46 


47 


40. 5 


46.5 48 


oct.2....{r 


402 


402 


402 


401 


401 


403 


395 395 


395 399 


418 


403 


411 411 423 


429 


423 


427 


434 


440 


430 


411 389 


402 


402 


402 


401 


4"2 


403 


396 395 


396 399 


420 


403 


411 411 426 


429 


422 


427 


434 


429 


42S 


404 390 


Temp.... 46. 5 


45 


46 


45 


45 


43 


44 


43 ! 41 


40. 5 40 


40 


41 


41 41 40 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40. 5 


41 42 


n . ,. < 400 
Oct. 3....| 3g8 


388 


400 


400 


3! 9 


391 


392 


399 402 


405 405 


406 


408 


108 407 413 


416 


418 


411 


409 


410 


412 


412 


395 


400 


400 


399 


391 


392 


39S 


402 


105 405 


406 


408 


40S 407 413 


417 


418 


412 


409 


410 


412 


412 


Temp.... 


42 


42 


43 


43 


45 


43 


41 


39 


38 


37 | 36 


36 


35. 5 


35 35 ' 34 


35 


35 


34 


32 


33 


33 


33 33 


Oct. 4....^ 


437 


430 


435 


435 


434 


441 


426 


430 


430 


424 443 


436 


407 


456 445 440 


453 


466 


457 


442 


443 


441 


436 442 


437 


430 


435 


435 


434 


441 


426 


430 


430 


422 444 


436 


4G7 


455 445 446 


453 


^06 


4ro 


440 


443 


441 


430 443 


Temp . . . 


34.5 


34 


33 


32. 5 


33 ■ 


32 


32 


32 


31 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 ' 30 30 


30 


31 


32 


30.5 


30.5 


30.5 


30. 5 30. 5 


Oct. 5....! 


440 


439 


440 


441 


439 


440 


436 


434 


433 


427 


434 


436 


438 


4 43 444 447 


444 


462 


400 


450 


492 


473 


470 452 


440 


439' 


440 


441 


439 


440 


436 


433 


433 


429 


435 


436 


439 


443 444 447 


444 


402 


400 


450 


491 


473 


409 157 


Temp 


31.5 


31 


31 


32 


34 


32 


31.5 


30.5 


30 


28.5 


28 


28 


-~< 


27.5 27.5 27 


27 


28 


28 


28 


28.5 


2-9 


29.5 30 


Oct. 6...-I 


452 


448 


447 


448 


435 


442 


431 


435 


443 


465 ]475 


467 


506 


497 '508 321 


496 


D( 


490 


460 


452 


450 


450 450 


454 


450 


447 


448 


435 


442 


430 


435 


442 


465 '476 


467 


505 


4S7 500 521 


496 


500 


490 


460 


451 


450 


450 450 


Temp . . 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


29. 5 


29 


29 


28 


27 | 27 


27 


27.5 


27. 5l 27. 5 27 


28 


29 


29 


28 


28 


28 


28 28 


Oct. Z— .i 


451 


451 


450 


449 


450 


452 


450 


450 


450 


451 1451 


451 


451 


451 453 454 


453 


452 


451 


451 


451 


450 


450 449 


451 


451 


450 


449 


450 


451 


450 


450 450 


151 450 


451 


451 


451 454 454 


453 


452 


451 


451 


451 


450 


449 450 


Temp... 


28 


28 


28.5 


28 


28 


28 


28 


27.5 27 


26 


26 


25. 5 


26 


26 26 . 26 


26 


26 


27 


26.5 


26.5 


27 


27 27 


Oct. 8....J 


448 


450 


450 


450 


450 


450 


450 


449 450 


451 


452 


453 


454 


455 455 455 


456 


457 


455 


455 


453 


453 


452 450 


4>8 


450 


450 


450 


450 


450 


450 


450 '4f0 


452 


452 


453 


454 


455 455 455 


456 


457 


455 


455 453 


452 


4.32 450 


Temp.... 


27 


28 


28 


28 


28 


28 


30 


28. 5 1 27 


26 


25 


25 


25 


24 


24 


23 


24 


24 


24 


24 


24 


24 


24 25 


Oct. 9.... 5 


450 


452 


452 


448 


450 


450 


451 


452 453 


455 


456 


456 


456 


437 


457 


458 


468 


459 


458 


456 


453 


452 


447 447 


450 


452 


452 


448 


45) 


450 


451 


452 453 


455 


456 


456 


457 


457 


457 


459 


468 


459 


458 


436 


453 


452 


445 447 


Temp 


26 


28 


27 


29.5 


28.5 


28 


26.5 


25. 5 24 


23 


23 


23 


23 


23 


22. 5 


22 


22 


23 


23 


23 


23 


23 


24 24 


Oct, 10... | 


448 


452 


451 


455 


452 


452 


452 


452 450 


451 


451 


474 


513 


482 


466 


461 


462 


463 


463 


4S3 


514 


459 


453 454 


448 


452 


451 


455 


452 


452 


*52 


452 [450 


451 


451 


474 


518 


482 


466 


461 


462 


462 


462 


483 


513 


462 


452 455 


Temp... 


25 


25 


26 


26 


25.5 


25 


25 


24 | 23 


22 


21 


20. 5 


21 


21 


20.5 20 


21 


21 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


20 21 


Oct. 11... J 


456 


453 


453 


455 


453 


453 


450 


446 454 


455 456 


459 


450 


452 


459 ,472 


481 


469 


458 


470 


404 


454 


453 457 


456 


453 


453 


457 


452 


453 


450 


447 454 


454 496 


459 


450 


452 


459 [472 


481 


469 


458 


409 


404 


453 


453 460 


Temp . . . 


25 


25 


24 


24 


23 


22 


23 


21 


20 


19 


18 


18 


18 


18 


17 1 17 


18 


18 


18 


17.5 


IS 


19 


19 19. 5 


Oct. 12...^ 


459 


458 


460 


459 


456 


455 


450 


449 


455 


458 


462 


446 


452 


458 459 ,461 


4C9 


465 


462 


459 


159 


459 


459 458 


460 


460 


460 


458 


456 


455 


451 


450 


450 


458 


461 


446 


452 


458 !459 461 


4C9 


465 


403 


459 


459 


459 


458 458 


Temp.... 


19.5 


20 


20 


20 


21 


21 


20 


19 


17 


16 


15 


15 


15 


15 15 15 


16 


15 


15 


14 


14 


14 


15 16.5 


Oct. 13... | 


458 


458 


454 


454 


452 


454 


453 


455 


455 


446 


455 


458 


#59 


459 460 !464 


4C8 


469 


400 


459 


459 


459 


438 460 


458 


458 


455 


454 


453 


454 


453 


455 


455 


446 


456 


458 


459 


459 460 .465 


468 


469 


461 


459 


459 


459 


458 400 


Temp 


19 


21 


21.5 


23 


21 


20 


18.5 


17.5 


10 


15 


14 


14 


14.5 


14.5 14 ! 14 


14 


14 


14 


13 


12.3 


12 


12 15 


Oct. 14... | 


460 
458 


455 

455 


454 
454 


454 

454 


454 
454 


454 
454 


454 
454 


457 
457 


457 
457 


456 
456 


458 

458 


459 
459 


459 
459 


401 405 467 
401 460 [467 


472 
471 


475 
476 


468 
468 


461 
460 


459 
459 


458 
458 


458 458 
438 458 


Temp 


16.5 


17.5 


20 


19 


18.5 


18 


17 


16 


15 


13.5 


v 


12 


12.5 


12.5 


12 1 11 


11.5 


11.5 


12 


13 


13 


13.5 


14.5 17 


Oct. 15... | 
Temp 


456 
454 
17.5 


457 


455 


450 


444 


443 


444 


440 


430 


437 


434 


454 


454 


445 


464 465 


469 


405 


456 


444 


445 


444 


443 444 


21 


23.5 


24.5 


26 


20 


26.5 


26 


26.5 


26.5 


26.5 


26.5 


26 


26.5 


25 26 


27 


27 


27 


26. 5 


25 


25. 3 


20. 5 28 


Oct. 16... J 


444 


444 


445 


445 


447 


449 


451 


452 


450 


449 


453 


451 


463 


455 455 453 


458 


456 


463 


473 


465 


455 


432 451 




444 


445 


445 


447 


449 


451 


451 


450 


448 


451 


451 


464 


455 455 454 


458 


457 


403 


471 


465 


451 


451 452 


Temp 


28 


26.5 


25.5 


24.5 


22.5 


20 


18 


17 


14.5 


13 


12 


12 


12 


13 14 15 


15 


14.5 


15 


15 


14 


14 


14.5 J 5 


Oct. 17... £ 


450 


451 


454 


451 


451 


439 


433 


435 


440 


458 [455 


453 


465 


470 472 473 


463 


460 


458 


455 


456 


455 


455 457 


450 


453 


454 


451 


451 


437 


433 


435 


441 


459 456 


453 


465 


470 472 473 


463 


460 


458 


454 456 


455 


434 456 


Temp 


16.5 


18 


19 


18.5 


20.5 


20 


19 


18 


15 


14 1 13 


12 


12 


11.5. 11.5 11 


12 


12 


12 


12 11 


11 


11 11.5 


Oct. 18...^ 


45S 


457 


458 


460 


456 


455 


455 


454 448 


453 451 


468 


451 


460 4C4 459 


455 


454 


454 


453 452 


452 


452 453 


458 


457 


458 


460 


456 


455 


455 


454 448 


453 451 


470 


452 


460 464 459 


455 


454 


454 


433 452 


452 


452 454 


Temp.... 


32 


18 


18 


13 


13 


14 


14 


13.5 12 


12 11 


12 


12 


12. 5 13 I 13 


13 


14 


14 


14.5 


15 


14 


15 15 


Oct. 19... 5 


452 


453 


452 


452 


452 


452 


452 


453 


454 


453 452 


453 


455 


457 461 455 


457 


402 


458 


454 


454 


434 


151 154 


452 


453 


452 


452 


452 


452 


452 


453 


454 


453 452 


453 


455 


457 [460 455 


457 


402 


458 


454 


454 


434 


4.31 4.34 


Temp.... 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15 


14 


14 ! 13 


13 


13 


14 13.5 13 


14 


14 


15 


14 14 


14 


14 14 


Oct. 20... i 


454 


452 


453 


452 


452 


452 


452 


452 452 


453 454 


455 


455 


454 454 ,457 


456 


454 


454 


453 453 


(53 


452 452 


452 


453 


453 


452 


452 


452 


452 


452 '453 


453 454 


455 


455 


454 454 457 


456 


454 


454 


453 453 


432 


452 452 


Temp 


14 


15 


16 


16 


16 


15 


15 


15.5! .14 


13 1 13 


13 


14 


14 j 14 14 


14 


14 


14 


14 14 


14.5 


14 14 


Oct. 21... | 


453 


452 


452 


452 


451 


451 


451 


451 1452 


453 '454 


455 


456 


458 '460 460 


460 


458 


459 


458 438 


458 


438 45S 


453 


453 


452 


452 


451 


451 


451 


452 452 


453 [455 


454 


456 


458 460 400 


459 


458 


459 


458 458 


458 


456 458 


Temp ... 


15 


10 


16 


16 


17 


16 


16 


15 i 14 


13 13 


13 


13 


12 1 12 11 


11 


10 


11 


11 


11 


11 


11 11 


Oct, 22... | 


457 


456 


456 


455 


455 


455 


455 


454 446 


448 1450 


455 


451 


409 476 468 


477 


501 


4G8 


409 


483 


472 


478 471 


457 


456 


456 


455 


455 


455 


455 


454 447 


448 |450 


455 


451 


469 '476 4G8 


477 


501 


468 


469 482 


471 


470 472 


Temp .. 


13 


14 


14.5 


14 


15 


14 


14 


14 | 13 


13 ! 12 


12 


12 


13 13 13 


13 


13 


12 


12 12 


12 


12 12 


Oct. 23 ..£ 


452 


457 


460 


457 


45S 


449 


448 


453 454 


450 !480 


468 


45S 


401 173 481 


471 


468 


403 


460 462 


461 


402 463 


458 


458 


461 


457 


457 


448 


449 


454 454 


451 475 


469 


438 


401 473 482 


470 


408 


402 


400 462 


461 


462 464 


Temp 


12 


12 


12 


10 


10 


10 


9 


8.5J 6 


4 4 


4 


4 


5 i 5 


5 


6 


6 


6.5 7 


, 


7 7 


Oct, 24... £ 


460 


400 


459 


459 


461 


443 


450 


413 1433 


450 '447 


451 


468 


524 1501 .482 


462 


400 


400 


450 452 


451 


451 453 


460 


460 


459 


459 


460 


443 


450 


413 433 


451 447 


451 


408 


519 502 485 


463 


460 


460 


456 452 


451 


to! 453 


Temp ... 


8 


9 


10 


9 


10 


9 


9 


10 1 9 


8.51 8 


8 


9 


u y o 


10 


12 


12 


12 12 


12 


12 11 


Oct. 25... J 


453 


451 


453 


433 


454 


453 


449 


422 447 


441 1469 


475 


481 


471 467 461 


402 


403 


!58 


457 455 


454 


453 452 


453 


451 


453 


453 


454 


453 


449 


423 


447 


447 468 


474 


482 


471 467 461 


462 


463 


457 


457 455 


454 


453 4.33 


Temp 


11 


11 


11 


11 


12 


12 


11 


11 


10.5 


10 10 


10 


10 


10 10 | 10 


11 


11 


12 


12 11 


11 


11 11.5 


Oct. 26... j 


450 


451 


454 


452 


453 


451 


448 


438 


443 


448 451 


453 


456 


462 460 464 


478 


469 


470 


462 457 


455 


435 460 


450 


452 


456 


454 


454 


451 


443 


437 


443 


449 ! 451 


453 


457 


463 460 464 


478 


469 


409 


462 157 


15.3 


453 460 


Temp .... 


12 


13 


13 


13 


14 


13 


12 


12 


11 


11 1 10 


10 


10 


9 9 9 


9 


- 


9 


9 8 


8 


8 8 


Oct. 27 ..| 


460 


461) 


401 


459 


458 


45.1 


454 


449 450 


440 '443 


462 


461 


465 1469 473 


472 


47 L 


479 


463 461 


459 


459 462 


460 


460 


461 


459 


458 


455 


454 


450 1450 


444 1445 


462 


464 


465 |470 472 


472 


471 


479 


463 461 


459 


400 4 62 


Temp 


8 


9 


10 


10 


10 


10 


9 


8 7 


6 5 


5 


4.5 


4. 5 : 4 4 


4 


4 


3.5 


4 3 


3 


2. 5 3 


Oct, 28 ..£ 


465 


464 


470 


459 


461 


452 


455 


436 [444 


451 1459 


461 


462 


489 520 503 


506 


486 


475 


457 477 


462 


407 467 


4C3 


464 


472 


459 


461 


452 


455 


436 '444 


451 '460 


461 


463 


488 524 503 


500 


496 


475 


4.7 481 


461 


467 465 


Temp.... 


3 


4 


4.5 


4 


2.5 


1 





-0.5- 2 


-2-2 


- 2 





0.5 1.5 2.5 


3 


3.5 


3.5 


5 5 


5 


5 6 


Oct. 29... | 


408 


460 


450 


451 


452 


446 


448 


450 447 


442 456 


429 


458 


458 467 468 


472 


472 


473 


479 464 


463 


470 470 


464 


457 


448 


451 


452 


44G 


448 


450 


447 


442 454 


432 


459 


458 U67 ,467 


472 


472 


475 


473 464 


463 


471 469 


Temp 


7 


7.5 


8 


8 


8 


7 


7 


6 


5 


4 3 


3 


2 


10-1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


-I - 2 


_ 


-2 —0. 5 


Oct. 30... £ 


465 


462 


463 


459 


458 


458 


451 


453 


455 


452 |444 


442 


451 


464 460 456 


458 


151 


451 


452 452 


452 


451 449 


464 


463 


462 


458 


458 


458 


451 


453 


455 


452 443 


442 


451 


464 405 450 


458 


451 


451 


452 432 


452 


451 448 


Temp 


1 


1.5 


2 


3 


4.5 


4.5 


4.5 


5 | 4. 5 


4.5 5 


6 


- 


8 19 9 


9 


7 


8 


7 


8 


9 12 


Oct, 31... J 


445 


443 


441 


440 


440 


439 


438 


438 437 


437 430 


435 


435 


410 !433 436 


437 


437 


436 


430 437 


436 


435 435 


445 


443 


441 


440 


440 


439 


438 


438 [437 


437 436 


435 


435 


440 [432 ,436 


437 


437 


436 


436 [437 


430 


435 435 


Temp.... 


16 


18 


19 


19 


20 


20 


20 


20 19.5 


19.5 19 


19 


19 


20 [20 ! 19.5 


19 


19 


19 


19 , 19.5 


20.5 


21 21 


Magnet'r 


448.8 


448. 2 


448.3 


447.4 


446. 4 


448. 8 


443. 4 


440. 7 442. 5 


444. 1 '448. 8 


449.7 


455. 1 


457. 9 40K. 460. 3 


461.0 


460.6 


450. 7 


4:33. 9 J 455. 8 


431.1 450. 1450.8 


Reduced. 


517.7 


517.1 


517. 2 


51G. 3 


515.3 


513.7 


512.3 


509.6 511.4 


513. 517. 7 


518.6 


524. 


520. y -.28. 9 529. 2 


529. 9 


529. 5 


525. 6 


522. 8 524. 7 


520.0 519.0 518.5 


Temp... 


19.6 


20.4 


20.9 


20.8 


21.0 


20.3 


20.0 


19.4 18.3 


17.5 17.0 


17.0 


17.2 


17.:: 17.3 17.1 


17.4 


17. 5 


17. G 


17.5 17.4 

1 


17.5 


17.7 18.4 



To reduce readings to an approximately uniform series increase each reading of the 1st, 2d, and 3d by 105.7, and all remaining readings 
by 05.0 divisions. Wo have mi an of 8 days. October 27 to November 3, inclusive. 451.3. and mean, of 8 liays. November 5 to 12, inclusive, 
516.3; difference. 65.0 line division of scale =. 0000803 part of the vertical force, llonlhly means: Temperature, 18°. 4; maguetometer, 
451.1 j reduced mean. 520.0 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKKOW, ALASKA. 



517 



Hourly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, November, 1882. 



Date. 







2 



«- 



8" 9" 



10 



11 



V, 



11 



15 10 



IT 



1* 



19^ 



20 21 22- 2V- 

i 



Nov. 1 

Temp 
Nov. 2 

Temp 
Nov. 3 

Temp 
Nov. 4 

Temp 
Nov. 5. 

Temp. 
Nov. 6. 

Temp. 
Nov. 7. 

Temp. 
Nov. 8. 

Temp. 
Nov. 9. 

Temp. 
Nov. 10. 

Temp. 
Nov. 11. 

Temp. 
Nov. 12. 

Temp. 
Nov. 13. 

Temp. 
Nov. 14. 

Temp. 
Nov. 15. 

Temp. 
Nov. 16. 

Temp. 
Nov. 17. 

Temp. 
Nov. 18. 

Temp 
Nov. 19 

Temp. 
Nov. 20. 

Temp. 
Nov. 21. 

Temp. 
Nov. 22. 

Temp. 
Nov. 23. 

Temp. 
Nov. 24. 

Temp. 
Nov. 25. 

Temp. 
Nov. 26. 

Temp. 
Nov. 27. 

Temp. 
Nov. 28. 

Temp. 
Nov. 29 

Temp 
Nov. 30 

Temp 



436 

435 
21 
432 



435 431 



431 430 



431 



430 



431 



430 426 424 422 



422 



130 



433 455 446 436 429 418 418 423 426 432 






23 

452 

453 

8 



24 

" 

435 

19 

451 

451 

8 



25 
438 
438 

1C 

453 

454 

8 



508 
509 

506 
506 
5 
499 
198 
10 
511 
51( 
4 
500 
500 



: ; 



458 

459 

I 18 

467, 

468 

24 

493 

500 

10 

511 

510 

-5 

( 536 

j 537 

..-10 

< 510 

i 511 

..-11 

500 



"(51 
{•51 



509 
510 

5. 
510 
511 

5 
494 
495 
10 
516 
515 

* 

500 
498 
8 
458 
457 

! is 

468 
468 
24 
502 
502 

f J 
507 
506 
-4 
532 
532 
-10 
519 



26 26 

440 442 

440 442 

14 15 

451 452 

451 451 



509 

509 

5 6 

510 

510 

5. 

493 

493 

12 

1511 

!512 

4 

500 

499 

9 

455 

454 

19 

'470 

469 

I 23 

500 

501 

9 

504 

504 

-4 

531 

530 

-10 

520 



508 508 
508 509 



5 

511 



6 

509 



511 509 
i 5 5 

488 490 

4S8 490 

11 I 10 

512 510 
512 509 

3 5 

498 494 

498 494 

9 lo 

453 453 

453 453 

20 21 

470 469 

470 469 

j 22 I 22 

491 491 

491 493 
7 

497 479 

-5 -6 

531 535 

531 534 

-10 -10. 

510 498 



27 
442 
442 

15 
450 
450 

. 490 
. 191 
. 15. 

507 

6 

5CG 
505 

5 
454 
494 

8 
508 
508 
I 5 

:490 

490 

10 
i458 
456 

22 
469 
470' 

- 
4C'4 
495 
6 
497 
495 

-5 

517 

518 

5-10 

503 



28 27. 

442 443 

442 443 

15 13 

449 452 

449 452 

6 5 

486 489 

486 489 

5 14 | 12 

507 506 

507 507 

6 5 

507 508 

506 508 
5 4 

496 494 

496 494 

9 7 

509 499 

509 500 

4.5 3 

489 489 

489 489 

10 9 

457 458 

457 457 

23 23. 

472 472 

472 472 

5 20 19 

491 495 

491 496 

5 3. 

505 520 

507 521 
-6 1-7. 

508 519 
: • 520 

10 -11. 

486 480 



■: 






i 

529 

529 

518 
520 


548 
546 

2 
525 
526 



:/. 
520 

6 
520 
52f 

7 

522 

523 
12 
518 
517 

4 
72 
519 

3 
529 

r 

3 



" y sis 

) 517 

■i 



; 



525 

-6 
522 
522 

-2 
< 520 
( 520 

-I 
518 
518 

-1 



-10 
503 
504 

-2 
528 
528 

-6 

515 

516 



524 

523 

2 

529 

531 

1 

529 

528 

G 

528 

529 

7 

526 

1526 

11 
517 
518 
4 
522 
522 

-4 
524 
525 

-2 
528 
522 

-5 
522 
523 

-1 
520 
520 

-1 

517 

517 





-7 

507 
507 

-3 
529 
530 

-5 
521 
521 
1 
523 
519 

518 

518 
1 
514 
514 
7 
525 
525 
I 7 
528 
528 

10 
518 
518 
4 
522 
524 
I -4 
521 
526 

-2 
520 
525 

-5 
521 
522 

-1 
520 
520 

518 

517 





-9 
508 

509 

-3.5 
528 
527 

-4 
513 
514 
1 
502 
490 
2 
531 



530 527 

: 1 1 

509 511 

509 511 

| 7 | 7. 

527 52G 

527 526 

7 7 

529 527 

529 527 

10 11 

516 515 

516 515 

I 3 3 

520 520 

520 521 

-5 -5 

519 517 

518 517 
-2.5 -2. 

524 523 

523 523 
-1 

519 518 
519 513 

-1 | 

519 517 

519 517 

I 1 

515 [515 

515 515 



-7 

51 1 
|511 

"5 

522 
512 
-4 
507 
509 

1 
502 
1498 

2 
524 
524 

1 
513 
513 
5 6. 
526 
526 

7 
527 
527 
I 11 
515 
515 

2 
519 
520 
-4 
516 
516 
-2. 
519 
520 
I -4 
517 
517 
1-0. 
518 
519 

1 
510 
510 

2 



28 
414 
444 

11 
471 
452 
4 
491 
401 

10 
508 

5 g 

4 
5 9 
509 

4 
4S3 
494 


499 
499 

2 
482 
482 

7 

457 

457 

24 

474 

474 

17 

509 

509 

5 2. 

531 

532 

5 -9 

517 

516 

5-13 

476 



5 30 30 

444 445 

444 445 

10 10 

452 452 

452 452 

4 3 

495 496 

495 496 

8.5 7 

509 511 

509 510 

3 3 

508 510 

;509 509 

I 3 3 

494 506 

494 506 

i 5 5 

499 500 

498 499 

1 1 

482 485 

481 486 

7 6 

457 457 

457 |457 

24 24. 

478 |480 

477 480 

10 15 

|483 502 

4:4 504 

5 1. 5 U 

! (?) (?) 

{'.) 690 

1-10 -11 

513 (515 

511 1515 

-14 

459 



30 29. 

443 473 

448 ,451 

! 10 10 

453 454 



4 
504 

51 I 

7 

714 

514 

2 

513 

513 

2 

474 495 

474 495 

4 5 

514 525 



3 
501 

" ; 

7 
511 
511 

3 

512 

512 

3 



514 

1 



-14 
434 



-6 

515 
515 

•7 

516 



-5 

511 
511 

-6 
519 
519 

-3 

527 480 

526 486 
12 1 
510 506 
506 500 
, 2 1 
544 513 
547 514 

3 2 

510 510 

510 517 
i 5. 5 5 

527 510 
527 517 

8 8 

526 521 

526 521 

10 9 

506 507 

506 508 

1 

514 509 

514 510 
-1.5 -1 

515 514 
515 513 

■2 -3 

521 521 

521 521 
-A. 

517 517 

517 517 

-1 -2 

517 518 

',17 518 

1 

517 510 

518 511 

2 1 



llasnet'r 505. 5 505. 8 504. 8 502. 5 500. O'SOO. 3 
Reduced . 512. 2 512. 5 511. 5 509. 2 507. 6 506. 3 
Temp....i 3.8 3.9j 4.1 4.21 4.6 4.3 



512 
512 

-8 
518 
518 

-5 
494 
492 

714 

521 
521 

1 
517 
517 

3 
507 
507 

7 
526 
526 

8 
506 
507 


511 
511 
-1 
501 
502 
-4 
514 
515 
-5 
511 
511 
-3 
517 
517 
-1 
511 
511 





-8.5 
510 
770 

-9 
513 
"47 

-0 
514 
517 

507 
510 

-1 

536 

T4 : J 



723 

523 

2 

526 

526 

7 

515 512 
514 512 
7.5 7 
510" 505 
510 50G 

-1 -1 
• - 504 
505 504 



516 490 

514 439 

6 

459 459 

459 459 

5 24.5 25. 

483 484 

433 4-4 

14.5 14 

525 559 

522 561 

-1 -2 

(?) 093 

-12 -12 
555 503 
552 570 
-15.5-15 
480 505 



20 
45.' 
450 
10 
440 
44- 

4 
490 
490 

7 
513 
513 

2 
512 
51 

2 

507 

5 
517 
518 

2 
522 
-. 

7 
463 
403 
- i 
485 
484 
14 
535 
583 
-3 
1694 
694 
-12 
534 
535 
-15 
526 



28 

440 
440 
U 
401 
401 

4 
502 
503 

6 
515 
515 

2 
514 
514 

2 
515 
515 

5 
527 
530 

3 
550 
.547 

7 

4*,6 

. 
4-4 
185 

14 
655 

j 

-3. 

(?) 

--- 
545 
744 
1-15. 
538 



26 25. 
- 

448 447 

11 11 

491 407 

492 467 
4 4 

505 504 

: " ' 

6 5 

514 515 

514 515 
2 2 

515 517 

516 517 
12 2. 

520 530 

519 536 

4. 5 4. 

525 522 

524 .721 

4 4 

530 514 

531 514 
8 9 

469 475 

409 475 

26.5 26. 

435 4-0 

486 486 

14 13 

(?) 585 

(?) 585 



5 30 29 
447, 145 
445 445 

12 12 
457 47.7 

57 

4 4 
506 508 
506 508 

5 5 
511 511 

511 512 
2 3 

517 72:; 

517 i523 
5 2 2 

550 529 

550 527 
5 4. 5 4 

513 504 

512 504 
5 

507 
506 
10. 5 



29.5 2- 
445 445 440 
445 445 440 

12 9 9 
4-V; 450 
450 457 

:; 



51 



457 
457 
3 
509 
509 

5 5 5 

511 509 504 
511 509 
3 4 
527 510 
527 515 



25 24 

447 450 

447 450 

7 7 

458 .... 

■458 .... 

2 
509 



504 



" 1 
507 



2. 5 2 



(?) 
-li 

557 

550 

5-16 



514 

514 

10 

468 400 

468 466 

5 26.5 27 

480 439 

486 489 

13 12 

(?) 572 

(.') 574 

-6 -5 

(?) 

(?) 

5-12 

16 



(?) 

11 

(?) 
15. 5 



529 514 

529 514 
4.5 4 

504 499 

503 499 494 

7 7 

402 +77 

490 477 

12 14 

466 460 

466 46G 4' 

27 26. 5 26 

436 4-7 

4-0 487 

12 12 11 

573 642 

57.5 730 002 

-5. 5 -6 -5 

630 009 



505 

505 

4 

495 



466 

465 

16 

400 



-1 
509 

510 
-6 
514 



_2 
516 

510 
-7 
512 



514 513 

-5 -5 

510 513 

511 5i0 
-4 -5 

518 517 

518 517 



507 506 
507 501 
; 



-6. 5 -5 

501 533 

501 534 
-10. 5 -10 

515 51S 

514 519 
-0 -4 

506 517 

505 517 

5 -1 

549 556 

548 556 

5 -2 -2 

574 575 

575 577 
i -0. 5 -1 
531 532 
531 532 

1 2 

522 528 

523 5-3 
9 11 

494 506 

495 508 
6 7 

!498 506 

498 507 

1 

510 515 
5C9 515 
i -2 -3 

524 527 
523 527 

-7 -7 

541 527 

541 520 

-5 -5 

511 522 

510 524 
-5 -5 

515 518 

516 518 
-3 -3 

512 512 

511 513 




-6 
524 
523 

-:• 

525 
525 

-4 
524 
524 

525 
524 

-2 
581 
-'■- 

-1 
536 
537 
1 
529 
529 

i: 

523 

525 

7 

.::! 

i 

522 
521 
-3 
528 
526 

-a 

523 
523 

-4 

526 

520 
-5 
522 

722 
-3 

71-, 

51'. 




12 -12 
"- 
"-- 

15 -15 
525 521 523 515 503 501 501 



625 
-12 

(?) 



635 

a 



-5. 5 -5 

525 526 

526 520 
9 -9 

533 513 
538 518 

-4 -4 
535 541 
535 540 

-0.5 -1 
561 572 



503 
-2 



574 
-2 



598 565 

|5S9 564 

-1 -1 

538 535 

538 534 
2 2 

522 518 

522 518 

5 12 12 

547 552 

548 553 
7 

.532 522 

534 522 

1 1 

518 537 

... . . 

I -4 -4 

540 538 

539 537 
-8 -8 

522 524 

522 524 

-4 -4 

532 529 

531 523 

-4 -5 

522 518 

522 518 

-4 -4 

521 517 

520 517 



-4. 
528 
528 

-8. 
579 
586 

-4 
548 
548 

553 
560 

-1. 
567 
567 

-1 
537 
537 
2 
517 
517 

12 
552 
551 
6 
526 
524 
1 
552 
552 

-4 
538 
538 

-8 
529 
529 

-4 
520 
519 

-4 
519 
519 

-3 

514 

513 





5 -4 
-.- 
528 
5 -9 
564 
564 

-4 
534 
533 

539 
a 
5 -1. 
" ■ 
569 

-". 
599 
588 
3 
516 
510 

12 
534 
534 

522 
522 
0. 
540 
546 

-4 
540 
540 

-8 
52 
528 

-4 
520 
520 

-4 
5' 9 
513 

-3 

517 

517 





-3 -2 

527 526 

527 526 

-7 -0 

557 563 

559 5G7 

-2 -3 

535 548 

536 547 
1.5 1. 

545 -534 

543 534 

5-1 

505 536 

5G6 '585 

5 1 

514 562 

514 56") 

3 4 

514 514 

514 514 

12.5 12 

525 510 

520 510 

G 6 

522 517 



521 

5 

562 



518 

-1 

740 



504 .543 

-3 -4 

528 524 

52t 52 

-7. 5 -- 

7.22 513 

521 514 

-3 -4 

520 519 

51! 

-3 -2. 

"17 517 

517 517 

-2 -2 

515 512 

515 512 

1 1 



526 520 

526 520 

-9 -9 

570 5"4 

555 557 

-2 -1 

534 523 

530 528 

5 i) 

526 526 

520 520 

! 1 

578 ' 

577 558 

, 2 3 

563 568 

566 567 

5 
515 516 

515 510 
12 12 

516 517 
510 517 

6 
510 515 
516 515 

-1 -1 

560 531 

560 530 

-4 -3 

,525 524 
525 

-- 



511 

' - 509 

5 5 

495 504 

494 500 

5 5 

514 510 

514 508 

2 8 
503 508 
509 5u9 

3 14 
498 500 
498 '500 

466 403 

466 465 

16.5 18 

465 403 

465 467 

25.5 25 

479 485 

479 485 

11 10 

713 525 

757 520 

1-5 -5 

562 573 

560 577 

-11 -11 

(?) 504 

(?) 503 

-12 -11 



.0 
5.0 530 
520 529 

-- -7 

V5C 520 

549 .522 

-1 

520 .547 

526 542 

1 1 

527 528 
523 527 

1 1 

531 .527 

529 527 

4 5 
549 548 
543 54S 



5 - 520 

518 520 
11.5 12 

517 523 

517 526 

5 5 
516 515 
516 518 



1 



-3 
524 



524 

,515 514 
515 514 



-3 
516 
516 



-4 
517 
516 

5 -2 -2 

517 510 

517 510 

-2 -2 

511 510 

510 510 



,524 524 

-3 -3 

|521 527 

520 526 

-7 -6 

518 522 

519 520 
3 -3 

517 520 

517 520 

-2 -1 

516 513 

516 518 

! -1 

.509 515 

|509 515 



500. 7 498. 1 498. 4 508. 4 508. 7 515. 2 517. 3 519. 7 533. 533. 2 54". 7 540. 4 534. 2 528. 4 529. 5 517. 0524. 511. 3 

507. 2 504. 6 504. 9 514. 9 515. 2 521. 7 524. 3,520. 2 540. 1 544. 7 547. 2 552. 9 540. 7 534. 9 536. 523. 5530. 5 515. 3 

4.5 3.5' 2. 5i 1.9 1.5! 1. 3| 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.9 



To reduce readings to an approximately uniform system increase the readings of November 1. 2, and 3 by 65.0 divisions, as explained in 
ncte to preceding month. Scale valne for the first 3 davs .0000303, for the next 11 days to ^November 14. 20 k .oOC0816, for remainder of month 
.0001739; average for month .0001307 part of the vertical force. Monthly means; Temperature, 2°.7; magnetometer, 516.2: reduced mean, 
522.7 



518 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readir 


gs o 


/ the Brook 


e balance magnetometer 


. Uglaamie, 


Alaska 


December, 


1882. 




Date. 


Oh 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8" 
516 


9" 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23* 


Dec.l.-..| 


513 

512 

2 


511 


514 


514 


515 


512 


513 


511 


519 


518 


521 


524 


526 


523 


533 


541 


532 


530 


532 


531 


532 


531 


! 532 


Temp.... 


5 


7 


7 


9 


7 


9 


8 


10 


9 


10 


11 


11.5 


10 


12 


13 


14 


14 


15 


14 




14 


16 


16 I 15 


Dec. 2.... 5 


532 


529 


522 


509 


509 


505 


5(j3 


502 


502 


504 


506 


509 


512 


511 


515 


514 


516 


517 


514 


512 


512 


511 


511 '513 




528 


521 


509 


508 


505 


503 


502 


502 


504 


507 


510 


512 


512 


516 


514 


516 


517 


514 


512 


512 


511 


511 |513 


Temp 


14 


12 


11 


10 


9 


8 


6 


5 


3 


2 


; 1 


1 


1 








-0.5 


-1 


-1 


0.5 











j 


Dec.3....£ 


513 


514 


513 


513 


512 


513 


53 2 


512 


511 


511 


!508 


511 


513 


513 


513 


517 


514 


514 


513 


512 


511 


510 


510 ! 512 


513 


514 


514 


513 


512 


513 


512 


512 


511 


511 


508 


512 


513 


513 


513 


517 


514 


514 


513 


512 


511 


510 


511 !512 


Temp 








1 


1 1 


2 


3 


3 


2 


2 


2 


2 


1 2 


2 


2 


1 


1 


1 

















-1 


Dec.4.... | 


513 


514 


514 


|516 


514 


513 


513 


514 


512 


505 


!502 


1524 


518 


528 


526 


544 


521 


540 


538 


525 


513 


512 


514 1513 


513 


[ 514 


515 


'516 


514 


513 


513 


514 


511 


507 


501 


519 


517 


529 


527 


544 


520 


539 


540 


524 


513 


512 


514 !520 


Temp 


-1 


-1 


-1 


1 - 1 


-1 


-1.5 


-2.5 


-3 


-4 


-4 


-5 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-5 1 -5 


Dec. 5...[ 


520 


519 


520 


!519 


519 


518 


518 


517 


516 


515 


517 


520 


521 


522 


525 


522 


522 


522 


521 


520 


519 


520 


519 '520 


520 


519 


520 


; 519 


5:9 


518 


518 


517 


516 


515 


517 


521 


521 


522 


526 


522 


522 


522 


521 


520 


519 


520 


519 522 


Temp .... 


-4 


-4 


-3 


! -* 


-4 


-3 


-3 


-4 


-5 


-6 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-1 


-6 


-6 


_7 


-0 


-5 


-0 


-0 


-6 


-C -5 


Dec. 6.... j 


523 


521 


522 


521 


520 


520 


520 


519 


518 


509 


511 


515 


520 


521 


522 


523 


522 


520 


520 


519 


518 


517 


516 519 


523 


521 


522 


521 


520 


520 


520 


519 


518 


508 


511 


516 


520 


522 


522 


523 


522 


520 


520 


519 


518 


517 


516 519 


Temp 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-4 


-4 


-5 


-6 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


_7 


-6 


-6 


-6 


_5 


-4 


-2 


-1 


_2 


-1 


1 


Dec, 7.... 5 


519 


521 


521 


;521 


523 


522 


523 


523 


514 


525 


526 


'528 


527 


522 


525 


530 


532 


532 


525 


520 


517 


515 


515 518 


519 


520 


522 


521 


523 


523 


523 


523 


514 


525 


526 


528 


527 


522 


525 


531 


532 


532 


525 


520 


517 


515 


515 1518 


Temp . . - 


1 


2 


3 


4 


4 


4 


3.5 


3 


2 


1 


1 


1 











-1 


-1 


-1 


-1 


-1 


-2 


-2 


-3 -3 


Dec.8... .5 


518 


518 


519 


519 


520 


520 


520 


520 


520 


522 


521 


523 


524 


517 


522 


524 


524 


523 


523 


522 


521 


521 


520 521 


518 


518 


520 


519 


520 


520 


521 


520 


521 


522 


521 


524 


524 


518 


522 


524 


524 


523 


523 


522 


521 


521 


520 '522 


Temp 


-3 


-5 


-6 


-6 


-5 


-6 


-7 


-8 


-8 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-9 


-9 


-8 


-8 


-7 


-7 


-6 


-5 


-5 -5 


Dec. 9... 5 


520 


522 


522 


521 


521 


521 


520 


503 


502 


514 


520 


521 


523 


523 


525 


526 


527 


532 


534 


520 


524 


522 


515 522 


522 


522 


522 


521 


521 


521 


520 


503 


501 


515 


519 


522 


523 


523 


525 


526 


527 


532 


534 519 


524 


522 


515 521 


Temp 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-4 


-3 


-3 


-4 


-4 


-6 


-7 


-8 


-8 


-8 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-7. .5 -8 


-8 


-8 


-9 -9 


Dec. 10... 5 


522 


525 


525 


524 


525 


524 


524 


523 


523 


522 


523 


526 


527 


532 


532 


528 


528 


526 


526 52.3 


524 


524 


525 525 


522 


525 


525 


524 


525 


524 


524 


523 


523 


522 


524 


526 


528 


532 


532 


528 


528 


526 


526 525 


524 


524 


525 


525 


Temp.. 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-10.5-11 


-12 


-12 


-11.5 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-10 -10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-9 


Dec. 11 ... | 


525 


525 


524 


524 


524 


526 


523 


519 


513 


515 


513 


503 


511 


521 


521 


521 


524 


530 


538 524 


510 


514 


514 


518 


525 


526 


524 


524 


524 


526 


523 


519 


514 


515 


507 


504 


511 


521 


522 


521 


524 


530 


538 524 


510 


514 


514 517 


Temp . 


-9 


-8 


-8 


-8 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-6 


-6 


-0 


-5 


-4 


-3 


-4 


-3 -3 


-3 


-3 


-4 -5 


Dec. 12... J 


5.0 


522 


520 


519 


521 


522 


521 


518 


518 


519 


520 


527 


522 


521 


525 


527 


532 


539 


539 532 


530 


528 


525 528 


520 


522 


521 


519 


521 


522 


521 


518 


518 


519 


520 


527 


522 


521 


526 


527 


532 


539 


53S 532 


529 


528 


524 528 


Temp 


-0 


-7 


-7 


-8 


-7 


-8 


-8 


-9 


-10 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12.5 


-12 


-12 -12 


-12 


-12 


-12 -12 


Dec. 13... | 


rc.) 


530 


531 


530 


530 


529 


529 


527 


524 


523 


524 


527 


522 


513 


532 


530 


527 


520 


524 524 


523 


523 


524 525 


529 


530 


531 


530 


530 


529 


529 


526 


524 


523 


525 


527 


522 


516 


533 


530 


527 


526 


524 524 


523 


523 


524 525 


Temp 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-10 


-10 


-9.5 


-9 


-9 


-7 -7 


-7 


-7 


-7 -6 


Dec. 14... | 


525 


525 


525 


525 


525 


525 


524 


522 


521 


521 


520 


521 


524 


528 


534 


538 


529 


526 


520 525 


524 


525 


524 524 


525 


525 


525 


525 


525 


524 


524 


522 


522 


521 


522 


521 


524 


529 


534 


537 


529 


526 


520 525 


524 


525 


524 ,524 


Temp . . . 


-0 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-5 


-6 


-0 


-6 


-7 


-8 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-9 1-10 


-10 


-9 


-9 i -9 


Dec. 15 .. $ 
Temp — 


524 
524 
-9 


523 


526 


528 


531 


534 


538 


538 


541 


543. 


543 


544 


542 


543 


544 


543 


542 


540 


541 


535 


531 


522 


516 514 
| 


-3.5 


-1 





1 


2 


3.5 


2 


4 


4 


4 


4 


4.5 


5 


5 


4 


5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


4 


5 ! 4 


Dec. 16... J 


514 


508 


513 


509 


484 


497 


505 


505 


497 


497 


522 


503 


522 


530 


534 


536 


531 


536 


539 


532 


523 


537 


532 |522 





508 


513 


511 


484 


498 


506 


505 


496 


496 


521 


500 


523 


529 


533 


537 


531 


536 


540 


532 


523 


537 


528 524 


Temp 


4 





-1 


-2 


-3.5 


-5 


-6 


-7 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10.5 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-9 


-9.5 


-9 


-9 


-9 -9 


Dec, 17... i 


524 


523 


524 


522 


523 


522 


521 


523 


521 


522 


522 


524 


528 


531 


531 


526 


525 


525 


524 


523 


523 


523 


523 523 


523 


523 


524 


522 


522 


523 


522 


523 


521 


522 


523 


524 


528 


531 


530 


526 


525 


525 


524 


523 


523 


523 


523 |524 


Temp.... 


-9 


-9 


-8 


-8 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-7 


-8 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-9.5 


-9 


-8 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-9 1 -9 


Dec. 18 .A 


524 


525 


525 


524 


525 


525 


523 


523 


524 


525 


526 


528 


527 


528 


528 


528 


52S 


528 


528 


527 


527 


527 


526 526 


524 


525 


525 


524 


525 


525 


524 


523 


524 


525 


527 


528 


528 


528 


528 


528 


528 


528 


528 


527 


527 


527 


526 520 


Temp 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-8 


-7 


-7 


-8 


-8 


-10 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-13 -12 


Dec. 19 . . $ 


526 


530 


528 


531 


523 


522 


523 


500 


508 


509 


510 


515 


523 


530 


532 


532 


533 


531 


530 


529 


528 


528 


52S 528 


526 


531 


530 


530 


523 


522 


523 


500 


508 


510 


512 


515 


523 


530 


532 


532 


533 


531 


530 


529 


528 


528 


528 ,529 


Temp . . . 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-15 


-14.5 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-14 ,-15 


Dec. 20... 1 


530 


531 


532 


532 


533 


532 


532 


532 


527 


531 


527 


520 


537 


551 


552 


559 


571 


558 


557 


550 


559 


546 


538 525 


530 


531 


532 


532 


533 


532 


531 


532 


527 


529 


527 


519 


537 


552 


545 


556 


570 


557 


557 


551 


500 


545 


538 528 


Temp.... 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-17 


-17 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15.5 


-15.5 


-15.5 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 -15 


Dec. 21. .A 


528 


525 


523 


521 


512 


516 


520 


520 


450 


498 


527 


548 


541 


539 


.342 


550 


543 


537 


531 


545 


537 


532 


523 '524 


528 


525 


523 


520 


512 


516 


521 


520 


451 


497 


526 


549 


538 


539 


542 


550 


543 


537 


531 


547 


534 


535 


521 524 


Temp.... 


-15. 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-10 


-10 


-9.5 


-10 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-li :-i2 


Dec. 22... J 


524 


526 


528 


526 


526 


525 


524 


526 


522 


518 


552 


518 


522 


546 


557 


550 


545 


538 


534 


527 


526 


527 


527 530 


524 


527 


528 


525 


526 


525 


523 


525 


522 


521 


552 


520 


521 


545 


558 


550 


544 


538 


533 


526 


529 


527 


527 531 


Temp.... 


-11 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-12 


-13 


-14 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-14. -5 


-14.5 


-14 


-14 -14 


Dec. 23 . . i 


530 


532 


533 


531 


531 


528 


530 


530 


526 


520 


521 


521 


550 


543 


535 


537 


538 


551 


538 


535 


533 


530 


531 532 


531 


532 


533 


531 


531 


528 


530 


530 


527 


520 


522 


521 


548. 


548 


535 


537 


539 


550 


537 


535 


533 


531 


531 532 


Temp 


-14 


-14 


-13 


-13 


-12.5 


-13 


-12.5 


-12 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-17 -16 


Dec. 24.. A 


532 


534 


534 


533 


532 


533 


532 


531 


529 


528 


534 


505 


5-'4 


528 


537 


556 


535 


553 


545 


535 


534 


534 


533 534 


532 


534 


533 


534 


532 


532 


532 


531 


529 


529 


535 


503 


525 


528 


537 


555 


537 


553 


546 


535 


534 


534 


533 534 


Temp . . 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15. 5 


-14.5 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-18 


-18 


-19 


-20 


-20 


-20 


-20 


-20 


-20. 5 


-20 


-19.5 


-20 


-20 


-20 


-20 -20 


Dec. 25. .. { 


534 


534 


534 


534 


535 


534 


534 


534 


530 


521 


517 


522 


534 


539 


539 


532 


534 


530 


525 


524 


523 


522 


522 525 


t 


534 


534 


534 


534 


535 


534 


534 


534 


530 


522 


516 


522 


533 


539 


538 


533 


534 


530 


525 


524 


523 


522 


522 526 


Temp.... 


-20 


-21 


-21 


-21 


-20 


-21 


-21 


-21 


-22 


-22 


-22 


-21 


-20 -19 


-19 


-18 


-16 


-15 


-13 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


Dec 'O 5 


525 


527 


527 


527 


527 


527 


528 


528 


528 


526 


523 


520 


521 


530 


533 


533 


533 


532 


534 


524 


524 


523 


522 


524 


■ uec -- u '--J 527 


528 


527 


527 


527 


527 


527 


528 


527 


526 


523 


521 


521 


530 


533 


534 


533 


532 


534 


524 


523 


523 


522 


524 


Temp.... -11 


-10 


-9 


-9 


-8.5 


-8 


-6.5 


-6 


-8 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-8 


-8 


-8 


-8, 


-8 


-7 


-5 


-5 


-6 


-6 


-6 


-6 


Dec 27.. .{If| 


524 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


523 


520 


513 


515 


514 


516 


516 


519 


521 


520 ' 


520 


520 


520 


521 


522 


522 


522 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


523 


521 


513 


515 


513 


516 


517 


518 


521 


520 i 


520 


520 


520 


521 


522 


522 


521 


Temp....; -7 


-7 


-6 


-C 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-5 


-7 


-8 


-9 


-9 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10.5 


-11. 5 1 


-11. 5 


-11 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-14 


-13 


Dec.28...{|j; 


524 


524 


522 


521 


515 


516 


510. 


508 


506 


509 


514 


520 


503 


526 


523 


523 


522 


523 


521 


522 


522 


322 


522 


524 


524 


522 


521 


516 


516 


510 


509 


506 


509 


514 


520 


502 


526 


523 


523 


522 


523 


521 


522 


522 


522 


522 


Temp 


-12 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-9 


-8 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-13 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-11 


Dec. 29... J 


522 


520 


521 


522 


523 


516 


524 


528 


521 


520 


510 


515 


536 


520 


508 


477 


501 


511 


510 


511 


504 


509 


508 


508 


521 


520 


520 


522 


523 


517 


524 


528 


521 


520 


510 


515 


536 


519 


508 


478 


501 


511 


511 


510 


505 


508 


508 


508 


Temp.... 


-9 | 


-8 


-5 


-3 





2 


4 


5 


4 


5 


5 


6 


7 


5 


4 


2 


I 


-1 


-1.5 


-3 


-5 


-6 


-7 


-8 


Dec 30 > 


513 


513 


516 


515 


516 


517 


518 


516 


520 


519 


521 


524 


525 


521 


533 


540 


528 ! 


528 


535 


542 ! 


526 


522 


521 


523 


1 I 


512 


512 


518 


514 


517 


516 


518 


517 


520 


519 


520 


524 


525 


521 


531 


541 


528 


528 


336 


542 : 


525 


523 


522 


523 


Temp 


-8 1 


-8 


-8 - 


-8.5 


-9 


-9.5 


-11 


-12 


-14 


-15 


-16.5 


-17 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-17 


-15.5-16 ! 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


Dec. 31... | 


524 | 


527 


514 


522 


523 


521 


521 


520 


519 


519 


517 


519 


527 


551 


533 


527 


525 


523 


521 


520 > 


521 


514 


515 


509 


324 1 


526 


514 


522 


524 


521 


521 


521 


510 


519 


517 


519 


526 


552 


532 


527 


525 


523 


521 


520 ; 


521 


513 


514 


.509 


Temp 


523. 0' 


-13 
523. 2' 


-13 


-13 


-11 
521. 5 1 


-10. 5 1 

i 

521.2 


-10 


-10 


-11 
516. 2 


-12 

517. 5 


-12 

320. 1 


-12 


-11 

525. 2 


-11 

527. 6 


-11 


-u ! 


-10 


-9 

530. i] 


-8 


-7 


-7 
v;:. 9 


-7 
323. 1 


-7 
521. 5 


-8 


Magnet' i' 


523.3 


522. 5 


521. 9519. 9 


520. 4 


529. 


530. 6 520. 4: 


529. 3 526. 1 


522.3 


Temp 


-7.8, 


-7.5| 


-7.1 
1 


-7.0 


-6.4 


-6.51 


-6. 0, -6. 8 ; 


-7. 9 -8. 5 

i 


-8.9 


-9. 


-8.9 


-9.0l 


-9.0 


-D. 


-8.8 


-8.7 


—7. 5 


-7.9 


-S. 


-8.1 


-8.1 


-8.2 



One division of scale = . 0001739 part of vertical force. Monthly means: JCeinperature, - S°.0; inasnetoroeti r, 523.7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



519 



Hourly readings of the Broolc 


? balance magnetometer 


at 


Wglaamie, Alaska, January 


1883. 




Date. 


0" 


1" 
512 


21 


3" 


4 h 


6* 


6" 


512 


8" 


9'' 


10 1 ' 


n" 


Noon.' 13" 


14'' 


15" 

532 


w 

516 


17'' 


18" 

513 


19'' 

512 


20'' 

509 


21" 

510 


22'' 


23" 


Jan. 1 — ( 


512 


513 


515 


515 


515 


513 


515 


509 


509 


495 


498 


506 


522 


513 


508 


511 


510 


512 


513 


516 


515 


515 


512 


512 


515 


509 


509 


495 


499 


505 


522 


532 


516 


513 


513 


512 


509 


510 


508 


511 


Tump 


- 8 


- 7 


- 6 


- 6 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


- 7 


-7 1-6 - 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 6 


- 5 


- 4 


-3 


- 4 


- 4 


- 3 


- 3 


«-.« »fK 


511 


510 


510 


509 


507 


505 


504 


504 


501 


500 


497 497 


490 


493 


499 


409 


495 


494 


497 


488 


481 


486 


488 


Temp . . 


- 3 


- 1 


3 


2.5 


3 


4 


3 


4 


3 


5 


8 


8 j 9 


9 


10 


9 


10 


11 


12 


12 


12 


12 


13 


17 


Jan. 3 — 5 


486 


487 


490 


490 


492 


494 


494 


494 


495 


4P3 


493 


493 1498 


498 


506 


512 


502 


499 


499 


498 


498 


499 


499 


5'jO 




487 


491 


490 


492 


494 


494 


494 


495 


493 


493 


493 '498 


498 


506 


512 


502 


499 


499 


498 


498 


459 


499 


501 


Temp 


14 


14 


12 


10 


8 


9 


8 


8 


7 


5 


5 


4 4 


4 


4 


4 


5 


5 


6 


5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


Jan.4....J 


501 


500 


500 


500 


499 


499 


499 


499 


499 


500 


500 


496 503 


509 


502 


500 


501 


501 


499 


499 


499 


498 


498 


198 


501 


500 


500 


500 


499 


499 


499 


499 


499 


500 


500 


497 503 


509 


501 


500 


501 


501 


459 


499 . 


499 


498 


498 


4C9 


Temp — 


5 


5 


5 


5 


6 


5 


5 


5 


4 


3 


2 


2 i 3 


3 


4 


3 


4 


4 


5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


5 


Jan. 5.... j 


500 


500 


501 


500 


501 


501 


500 


500 


495 


492 


491 


498 1503 


503 


504 


504 


506 


505 


505 


504 


503 


500 


499 


192 


500 


500 


501 


500 


501 


501 


501 


500 


495 


491 


490 


498 '503 


503 


504 


504 


.300 


505 


505 


504 


503 


501 


499 


493 


Temp . . . 


5 


5 


6 


6 


5 


5 


5 


5 


3 


2 


1 


- 0. 5 - 0. 5 


0-1 























1 


Jan. C — < 


495 


501 


503 


507 


498 


500 


500 


500 


500 


494 


502 


489 506 502 


517 541 


518 


512 


51 S 


509 


502 


499 


504 


505 


497 


502 


505 


507 


498 


500 


501 


500 


500 


491 


501 


489 


508 [ 501 


517 ,539 


518 


512 


518 


508 


502 


497 


505 


505 


Temp 


1 


2 


3 


3 


4 


4 


3 


3 


1 


1 








- 1 


-1-1 


-1 


- 1 


-1 


- 1 


- 2 


- 3 


- 4 


-4 


Jan. 7.... J 


509 


511 


511 


511 


510 


512 


510 


500 


501 


.302 


505 


492 


474 |507 


510 '511 


540 


525 


530 


534 520 


502 


510 


.3 ,9 


508 


511 


511 


511 


510 


511 


510 


500 


501 


503 


505 


494 


478 508 


510 ^512 


541 


525 


536 


537 522 


501 


510 


509 


Temp.... 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 3 


-3.5 


- 3 


- 3 


- 3 


- 4 


- 5 


- 6 


-6 


- 7 


- 8 


-7 - 7 


- 7 


- 6 


-5 


- 5 - 5 


- 5 


- 4 


- 4 


Jan. 8... -5 


508 


510 


511 


511 


509 


510 


505 


501 


502 


502 


504 


504 


517 


505 


519 


519 


516 


515 


513 


513 509 


506 


507 


507 


507 


509 


511 


512 


509 


509 


506 


501 


502 


502 


504 


504 


517 


504 


520 


519 


516 


515 


513 


512 1509 


505 


507 


507 


Temp.... 


- 4 


- 3 


- 2 


- 2 


- 1 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 4 


- 5 


- G 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


-6 


- 6 


- 5 


-5 


-3 


- 3 !- 3 


- 3 


- 3 


- 2 


Jan. S...A 


508 


510 


509 


509 


510 


510 


510 


511 


507 


505 


511 


505 


507 


513 


511 


519 


520 


523 


517 


519 514 


514 


514 


514 


508 


510 


509 


509 


510 


510 


510 


511 


507 


505 


511 


505 


507 


514 


511 


519 


526 


523 


517 


518 515 


514 


514 


514 


Temp 


- 2 


- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 2 


_ 2 


_ 2 


- 3 


- 4 


- 5 


-6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 5 


- 5 


-5 


- 6 


- 5 


-6 '- 


- 6 


- 7 


- 7 


Jan. 10... 1 


514 


510 


517 


517 


517 


518 


517 


516 


517 


517 


518 


518 


517 


517 


517 


517 


517 


510 


515 


513 ,513 


513 


511 


509 


514 


516 


518 


517 


517 


518 


517 


516 


517 


517 


518 


518 


517 517 


517 


517 


517 


516 


515 


512 1513 


513 


511 


509 


Temp 


- 6 


- 7 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 7 


- 8 


- 9 


-9.5 


- 9 


-9-9 


- 8 


- 8 


-7 


-6 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


- 


Jan. 11... $ 


510 


514 


518 


517 


517 


516 


514 


514 


513 


515 


516 


517 


518 ;518 


518 


518 


518 


518 


517 


517 


517 


517 


518 


518 


511 


513 


518 


517 


517 


516 


515 


514 


514 


515 


516 


517 


518 518 


518 


518 


518 


518 


517 


517 


517 


517 


518 


519 


Temp . . . 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 


- G 


- 6 


- 8 


-8.5 


-9 


- 9 


-10 l-io 


-10 


-10 


- 9 


- 9 


-8 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


Jan. 12... J 


519 


519 


520 


520 


520 


520 


520 


521 


521 


522 


522 


522 


521 523 


522 


522 


523 


.323 


523 


524 


521 


520 


521 


521 


519 


519 


519 


520 


520 


520 


520 


521 


521 


522 


521 


522 


521 


521 


522 


522 


523 


522 


524 


524 


521 


520 


521 


522 


Teinp 


-10 


-10.5 


-11 


-11 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-13 


-12 


-14 


-14 


-15 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-14 


-15 


Jan. 13 .A 


523 


523 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


525 


526 


527 


527 


527 


527 


528 


534 


533 


527 


526 


526 


526 


526 


526 


523 


523 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


527 . 


527 


527 


527 


528 


534 


533 


527 


526 


.320 


526 


526 


526 


Temp 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-17 


-18 


-18.5 


-19 


-18 


-18 


-IS 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-16 


-16 


-10 


-16 


-16 


-16 


Jan. 14... | 


526 


526 


526 


526 


525 


524 


524 


5l5 


525 


524 


523 


522 


524 


524 


526 


529 


527 


526 


52G 


526 


526 


525 


520 


522 


526 


526 


526 


526 


525 


525 


524 


5_"5 


525 


524 


523 


523 


525 


524 


526 


530 


527 


526 


526 


526 


326 


521 


520 


522 


Temp... 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-15 


-14 


-14 


-14. 5 


-10 


-17 


-17.5 


-17 


-17 


-17 


-17 -17 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-14 


-11 


-14 


Jan. 15... £ 
Temp 


522 
522 
-12 


521 


520 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


510 


513 


519 '518 


518 


518 


525 


517 


514 


507 


501 

- 7 


508 


- 9 


- 6 


- 8 


- 7 


- 7 


- 6 


- 7 


- 6 


-6 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 6 




-6-7 




-6 


- 6 


-5 


-6.5 




-0.5 


-6.5 


- 7 


Jan. 16... \ 


511 


515 


518 


520 


521 


521 


523 


523 


524 


523 


525 


525 


527 


528 


534 '531 


529 


526 


525 


522 


520 


519 


518 


516 


„... 


515 


518 


520 


522 


521 


522 


523 


524 


523 


525 


525 


527 


529 


534 531 


529 


526 


525 


522 


.320 


519 


518 


516 


Temp .... 




- 9 


-10 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-17 


-16 j-16 


-15 


-14 


-12 


-11 


-10 


- 8 


- 7 


- 5 


Jan. 17.. A 


515 


513 


513 


510 


508 


507 


508 


505 


498 


494 


480 


494 


502 


503 


516 509 


511 


520 


516 


501 


498 


499 


498 


498 


515 


513 


513 


510 


508 


508 


508 


504 


497 


494 


480 


495 


502 


503 


516 509 


511 


530 


516 


500 


198 


499 


498 


498 


Temp.... 


- 3 


- 2 





2 


3 


'3 


3 


3.5 


2 


2 


1 


1 


3 


5 


7 7 


7 


8 


9 


8 


8 


7 





G 


Jan. IS .. \ 


501 


502 


502 


501 


501 


503 


497 


497 


499 


502 


496 


497 


496 


506 


511 519 


510 


511 


512 


510 


308 


507 


506 


510 


501 


502 


502 


501 


502 


502 


497 


498 


499 


507 


498 


496 


496 


506 


511 519 


510 


511 


513 


510 


507 


507 


506 


510 


Temp .... 


6 


7 


7 


7 


7 


6 


5 


5 


3 


1.5 


0.5 





- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


-2 


-2 


- 2 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


Jan. 19... 5 


512 


511 


511 


512 


510 


511 


511 


510 


511 


511 


512 


513 


513 


510 


515 


516 


516 


518 


519 


514 


515 


516 


517 


518 


512 


511 


511 


512 


510 


511 


511 


510 


511 


511 


512 


513 


513 


510 


516 


516 


515 


517 


518 


514 


515 


516 


517 


518 


Temp . . . 


_ 9 


- 2 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 3 


-2.5 


-i 


- 5 


- 6 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


-8 '-8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- S 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


Jan. 20... 5 


518 


519 


519 


519 


519 


520 


519 


519 


519 


515 


512 


510 


507 


523 


522 523 


534 


536 


532 


526 


525 


521 


518 


518 


518 


519 


519 


519 


519 


519 


519 


519 


520 


515 


512 


508 


512 


523 


522 523 


534 


534 


533 


526 


525 


521 


517 


519 


Temp... 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-12 


-12.5 


-14 


-13 


-13 


-13 -13 


-13 


-13 


-12 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-10 


To ii 9 1 5 


519 


519 


520 


519 


516 


514 


511 


510 


509 


512 


492 


510 


506 


521 


524 '523 


520 


521 


519 


512 


510 


508 


509 


512 


■»*»•«---$ 51 


519 


520 


519 


516 


514 


511 


510 


508 


512 


492 


509 


504 1522 


525 523 


520 


521 


518 


513 


510 


508 


509 


512 


Temp .... 


-10 


- 9 


- 7 


- 8 


- 8 


- 7 


- 6 


- 6 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-9 - 9 


-9-8 


- 8 


- 7 


- 5 


-5 - 5 


- 5 


- 4 


- 3 


Jan. 22... 5 


512 


513 


514 


513 


512 


512 


512 


511 


511 


510 


510 


511 


508 


505 


516 512 


509 


509 


508 


507 506 


506 


502 


501 


512 


513 


513 


513 


513 


512 


511 


511 


511 


510 


510 


511 


510 


505 


517 512 


509 


509 


518 


507 506 


506 


506 


502 


Temp.... 


-4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


-3 


- 3 


-2 


- 2 


- 3 


- 3 


- 4 


- 4 


- 3 


- 3 


-2 - 2 


- 1 


- 1 





-1 i 








1' 


Jan. 23 ..\ 


503 


504 


504 


505 


504 


504 


504 


503 


502 


503 


501 


502 


498 


503 


510 514 


510 


507 


4S9 


498 498 


498 


498 


498 


503 


503 


504 


506 


504 


504 


503 


503 


502 


503 


501 


502 


499 


503 


510 514 


509 


507 


499 


198 '49S 


498 


498 


498 


Temp 


3 


3 


3 


2.5 


4 


5 


5 


6 


4 


4 


4 


4 


5 , 5 


6 


6 


6 


8 


7.5 8 


8 


8 


8 


Jan. 24... < 


498 


498 


497 


497 


496 


495 


493 


492 


491 


491 


490. 


491 


491 1493 


494 496 


499 


502 


511 


510 511 


500 


493 


495 


498 


498 


497 


497 


496 


494 


493 


492 


491 


491 


490 


491 


492 |494 


494 496 


499 


502 


511 


509 513 


500 


194 


495 


Temp.... 


8 


10 


10 


11.5 


13 


14 


15 


16 


15 


14 


13.5 


14 


13 11 


10 9 


S 


7. 5 


8 


7 i 7 


5 


4 


4 


Jan. 25 .. i 


495 


501 


504 


506 


505 


505 


506 


500 


506 


504 


505 


507 


51S ;522 


520 512 


520 


527 


516 


528 1530 


516 


508 


507 


496 


502 


504 


506 


505 


505 


506 


506 


506 


504 


505 


507 


516 522 


520 512 


520 


527 


517 


529 !527 


518 


505 


506 


Temp... 


3 


3 


2 











0.5 


1 


- 1 


-2 


- 2 


- 3 


-3 |-4 


-4 - 4 


- 5 


- 4 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


Jan. 21).. A 


511 


513 


515 


516 


516 


511 


505 


510 


513 


512 


515 


515 


523 '516 


530 559 


532 


526 


536 


533 


535 


530 


512 


510 


511 


513 


515 


516 


516 


510 


504 


510 


513 


512 


516 


517 


523 516 


531 559 


531 


526 


536 


533 


535 


527 


514 


510 


Temp 


- 6 


- 6 


- 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 ! -10 


-11 -11 


-10 


-9.5 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


Jan. 27 .. f 


518 


519 


517 


520 


520 


523 


520 


521 


521 


521 


523 


505 


506 519 


520 528 


543 


535 


531 


526 


526 


524 


522 


522 


518 


519 


518 


520 


520 


522 


520 


521 


521 


520 


523 


505 


506 519 


520 1527 


542 


535 


530 


527 


527 


524 


522 


523 


Temp..-. 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10.5 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-12. 5 


-13 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 -16 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


Jan. 28... i 


521 


524 


529 


527 


526 


522 


523 


520 


521 


522 


525 


525 


527 


529 


529 ;527 


526 


527 


525 


527 


526 


525 


523 


525 


522 


525 


529 


526 


526 


522 


523 


520 


521 


522 


525 


526 


527 


529 


529 !527 


526 


527 


525 


527 


520 


525 


523 


524 


Temp 


-15 


-14 


-14 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-13 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-16 1-16 


-15 


-15 


-14.5 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-15.5 


-16 


Jan. 29... i 


526 


526 


526 


528 


526 


525 


525 


525 


525 


525 


525 


526 


526 


522 


528 !526 


528 


528 


526 


524 


522 


521 


520 


521 


526 


520 


526 


528 


526 


525 


525 


525 


525 


526 


525 


526 


527 


522 


528 526 


528 


528 


526 


523 


522 


521 


520 


522 


Temp 


-15 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-13 


-13 


-12 


-13. 5 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15.5 


-15 !-16 


-15 


-15 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-15 


-15 


Jan. L0 .. | 


523 


525 


524 


525 


526 


527 


527 


527 


527 


527 


526 


525 


526 


523 


527 


520 


520 


523 


520 


529 


530 


529 


528 


527 


523 


525 


525 


525 


527 


527 


527 


327 


527 


528 


525 


525 


526 


523 


527 


520 


521 


523 


520 


529 


530 


529 


528 


528 


Temp 


-14.5 


-14 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-15 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-18 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-18 


-18 


Jan. 31 . . J 


527 


529 


527 


528 


529 


529 


529 


320 


517 


514 


510 


516 


319 


523 


527 532 


532 


536 


536 


529 


528 


523 


519 


520 


527 


528 


530 


529 


529 


529 


529 


ij6 


517 


514 


510 


517 


520 


523 


528 ;532 


532 


536 


537 


529 528 


523 


519 


520 


Temp 


-18 

511.5 


-18 


513.5 


-19 



513.6 


-18 
512.9 


-17 


-17 


-16.5 


-18 

510. 6 


-18 

509.8 


-18 

509. 1 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-18 -18 

1 


-17 


-16 


-15 


-15 


-15 

514.4 


-14 
511.5 


-12 


-10 


Magnet'r. 


512. 7 


•512. 7 


511.7 


311.0 


508.5 


510. 3 


513. 


517. 4 519. 9 


519.3 


518. 5 


517. 9 


516.2 


510.2 


510.6 


Temp.... 


-5.3 


-4.8 


-4.5 

1 


-4.7 


-4.5 


-4.4 


- 4.'. 


.4.4 


-5.7 


-6.4 


-6.9 


-7.3 


-7.1 


-7.1 


- 6.9- 7.0 


-6.0 


-6.4 


-5.4 


- 5. 6 - 5. 7 


-5.7 


-5.8 


-5.4 



One division of scale = .0001.39 pait of the verticil force. Monthly means: Temperature, — 5°. 8; maynetomeler, 513.2 



520 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, at Uglaamie, Alaska, February, 1883. 



Date. 


0" 


li, 


2* 


3" 


I 4" 


5 1 ' 


6* 


7 h 


8" 


9" 10" 


11'' 


iNoon. 
501 


13" 


14 1 ' 

500 


15" 

499 


16" 


17" 


m 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


1 23" 


Feb. 1...J 


522 
522 
- 9 


520 


516 


512 


511 


512 


508 


506 


506 


504 


501 


500 


499 


502 


501 


509 


522 


513 


508 


530 1494 


Temp .... 


- o.i> 


1 


1.5 


1 4 


3 


3 


5 


7 


9 


9 


9 


9 


9 


8 


8 


8 


7 


7 


7 


7 ! 7 


7 7 


Feb. 2...£ 


495 


506 


499 


488 


1497 


501 


504 


497 


499 


502 


503 


501 


502 


519 


528 


531 


529 


523 


529 


529 


517 ,498 


506 509 




505 


500 


489 


1496 


501 


504 


497 . 


499 


502 


503 


501 


502 


521 


528 


530 


529 


523 


529 


528 


517 498 


508 1510 


Temp 


6 


4 


4 


3 


1 3 


3 


2 


1 





- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


_ 2 


-2 


- 2 





- 1 


-1 


1 


Feb 3 £ 


511 


511 


508 


507 


1507 


500 


505 


497 


484 


487 


492 


505 


534 


496 


512 


521 


522 


511 


531 


515 


520 491 


495 495 


xeu. o...^ 512 


511 


508 


508 


508 


509 


504 


497 


485 


487 


492 


505 


533 


493 


514 


522 


522 


511 


532 


512 


507 496 


497 [496 


Temp...; 1 


1 


1 


2 


4 


6 


7 


8 


7 


6 


7 


6 


7 


7 


7 


6 


7 


6 


7 


6.5 


7 i 9 


11- 1 12 


Feb 4 I \ m 

J)6D. 4...^ 49g 


495 


492 


496 


! 495 


491 


488 


48S 


478 


459 


479 


472 


476 


504 


505 


509 


510 


504 


506 


508 


507 488 


487 485 


495 


*94 


495 490 


491 


489 


488 


478 


466 


478 


473 


478 


502 


505 


509 


510 


504 


506 


509 


507 487 


487 486 


Temp.... 13 


14 


15 


15 15. 5 


18 


18 


19 


17 


16 


15.5 


15 


15 


15 


15 


15 


14 


14 


14 


13.5 


13.5 13.5 


13 13 


Feb. 5 ...{ l Z 


489 


490 


493 1495 


491 


483 


4S1 


483 


484 


482 


463 


480 


478 


487 


490 


495 


497 


501 


496 


487 485 


483 480 


489 


490 


493 '495 


491 


482 


482 


483 


4S5 


482 


465 


479 


478 


487 


490 


495 


497 


502 


495 


486 485 


483 481 


Temp.... 13 


13 


14 


13 1 14 


15 


16 


17 


16 


15.5 


15.5 


15 


15.5 


16 


16.5 


17 


17.5 


17.5 


19 


19 


19 ' 20 


20. 5. 21 


Feb. 6..<$| 


482 


480 


481 482 


479 


478 


474 


472 


473 


475 


476 


476 


478 


476 


477 


480 


500 


499 


501 


486 1478 


486 486 


482 


480 


481 482 


478 


478 


475 


471 


473 


475 


476 


476 


478 


476 


478 


480 


501 


498 


502 


485 477 


486 4S6 


Temp....: 21 


22 


23 


23 24 


26 


26.5 


27 


26 


25. 5 


25 


25 


25 


25 


25 


25 


23.5 


22.5 


21 


19 


17. 5l 16 


14.5 14 


Feb. 7..J' 48 


491 


492 


493 493 


495 


496 


495 


495 


490 


496 


496 


196 


494 


497 


497 


497 


490 


494 


493 


489 |4S6 


484 483 




489 


490 


493 


493 '494 


495 


496 


495 


495 


496 


496 


496 


496 


494 


497 


497 


497 


496 


494 


493 


489 486 


484 483 


Temp.... 


13 


12 


12 


12 j 11 


11 


10 


10 


9 


8 


7 


7 


8 


8 


9 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14.5 17 


18 20 


Feb. 8... J 


482 


484 


485 


485 i486 


485 


484 


485 


487 


489 


488 


481 


488 


495 


503 


501 


501 


500 


500 


497 


495 [493 


493 494 


482 


484 


485 


485 |486 


485 


484 


485 


487 


489 


488 


481 


488 


496 


503 


501 


501 


500 


500 


497 


495 493 


493 493 


Temp 


19 


19 


18.5 


19 20 


20 


19 


18 


14.5 


12.5 


11 


10 


9.5 


9 


9 


8.5 


9 


9 


9 


8 


8 8.5 


9 ; 10 


Feb. £>...£ 


495 


49fi 


497 


497 ;496 


495 


494 


494 


493 


492 


492 


491 


488 


483 


488 


487 


485 


4-3 


481 


479 


479 478 


472 470 


495 


496 


497 


498 '496 


494 


494 


494 


494 


492 


492 


491 


4S3 


483 


488 


487 


485 


483 


481 


479 


479 476 


472 471. 5 


Temp 


10 


10 


10 


10.5 12 


13 


13 


14 


12 


12 


12.5 


13 


14 


17 


18 


19 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 26. 5 


27 27 


Feb. 10... j 


471 


473 


475 


477 481 


482 


4S6 


484 


486 


488 


490 


491 


493 


498 


502 


5C4 


507 


506 


505 


504 


504 506 


500 508 


471 


473 


475 


477 


481 


482 


486 


484 


486 


489 


489 


491 


493 


498 


503 


504 


507 


506 


506 


504 


505 506 


507 508 


Temp 


27.5 


27 


25 


22 


20.5 


18 


17 


16 


13 


11 


9 


7 


6.5 


5 


3.5 


3 


2 


0.5 


1 


-0.5 


-1 '-1 


-2 - 2 


Feb. 11 ... | 


509 


510 


510 


510 510 


510 


509 


510 


510 


509 


509 


506 


503 


512 


513 


514 


516 


517 


509 


509 


509 511 


512 512 


509 


510 


510 


510 1510 


510 


510 


510 


510 


509 


510 


506 


502 


512 


512 


515 


516 


517 


509 


509 


509 511 


512 512 


Temp 


- 2 


- 2 


- 3 


-3 |-2 


- 2 


- 1 


- 2 


- 3 


- 4 


- 5 


-5.5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


-4.5 


- 4 


-4 


- 3 


- 3 


-4 !- 4 


- 4. 5 - 4 


Feb. 12... 5 


512 


512 


512 


512 512 


512 


512 


512 


512 


512 


513 


512 


500 


510 


512 


511 


512 


509 


507 


507 


506 '506 


505 503 


512 


512 


512 


512 512 


512 


512 


512 


51-2 


512 


513 


512 


500 


511 


512 


511 


512 


509 


507 


507 


506 506 


505 5Q3 


Temp 


- 4 


- 3 


-4 


-4-4 


- 4 


- 4 


-3 


- 5 


- 5 


-5 


- 5 


- 4 


- 4 


- 3 


- 3 


- 2 


- 1 


1 


2 


2 1 3 


4 ! 4 


Feb. 13... £ 


503 


502 


501 


499 498 


496 


494 


493 


493 


493 


491 


495 


496 


497 


493 


502 


503 


502 


500 


499 


499 500 


500 500 


502 


502 


500 


499 '498 


496 


495 


493 


493 


493 


494 


495 


496 


497 


498 


502 


503 


502 


500 


499 


499 500 


500 501 


Temp 


5 


6 


8 


8.5 10 


12 


13 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9 


8 


7.5 


6.5 


6 


6 


6 


6 


5 


5.5: 5 


5 | 4 


Feb. 14 .. $ 


501 


501 


502 


502 


502 


503 


502 


502 


500 


499 


489 


498 


50 1 


507 


509 


518 


523 


520 


517 


517 


506 503 


501 502 


501 


501 


502 


502 


502 


503 


502 


502 


500 


499 


488 


498 


504 


508 


509 


519 


503 


520 


517 


517 


507 504 


501 501 


Temp.... 


4 


4 


4 


5 


4 


4 


4.5 


4.5 


3.5 


2. 5 


2 


2 


2 


1 





- 1 


- 1 


- 1 











1 


2 1 2 


Feb. 15... | 


503 

503 

2 


505 


503 


502 


503 


500 


500 


497 


493 


490 


490 


490 


492 


490 


490 


491 


492 


492 


493 


494 


495 


495 


495 495 


Temp 


4 


10 


7 


8 


9 


11 


9 


13 


14 


15 


14 


13 


13 


13 


12 


12 


11 


9.5 


9.5 


9 


9.5 


10 10 


Fob. 16...^ 


494 


494 


498 


499 


500 


500 


499 


500 


500 


500 


502 


504 


509 


510 


505 


511 


521 


514 


511 


510 


509 510 


510 511 




495 


498 


498 


500 


500 


499 


500 500 


501 


502 


504 


509 


511 


506 


511 


521 


513 


511 


510 


509 510 


510 511 


Temp 


9 


8 


8 


6 


6 


6 


5 


4 2 


0.5 


- 1 


-1.5 


-1.5 


-2 


-2 


-3 


- 3 


-3 


-2.5 


- 3 


-4-4 


-4 - 3 


Feb. 17. -. J 


512 


512 


511 


511 


510 


510 


509 


509 506 491 


497 


503 


506 


510 


524 


513 


512 


512 


508 


507 


501 500 


502 507 


512 


512 


511 


511 


510 


510 


509 


509 500 


490 


497 


503 


506 


510 


523 


513 


512 


512 


508 


507 


501 500 


501 507 


Temp 


- 3 


- 2 


- 2 


_ 2 


- 2 


- 1 


-1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 1 


- 1 





1 


2 


3 


2 


2 2 


2 : 2 


Feb. 18... | 


508 


507 


504 


506 


504 


504 


504 


505 505 


505 


506 


506 


507 


508 


507 


507 


508 


510 


507 


503 


501 1500 


499 496 


508 


507 


505 


506 


504 


503 


504 


505 505 


505 


506 


506 


507 


508 


507 


507 


508 


509 


507 


503 


501 1500 


499 '496 • 


Temp 


2 


3 


3 


3 


3 


3 


2 


2 1 





-0.5 


- 1 











1 


2 


2 


4 


4 


5 6 


7 8 


Feb. 19... £ 


497 


497 


496 


495 


496 


490 


487 


493 491 


493 


493 


494 


493 


495 


496 


496 


497 


497 


496 


495 


495 ! 496 


495 495 


497 


497 


496 


495 


496 


490 


487 


493 494 


493 


493 


494 


493 


495 


496 


496 


497 


497 


496 


495 


495 U96 


495 495 


Temp .... 


8 


10 


11.5 


12 


13 


13 


12 


11.5 11 


11 


10 


10 


10 


9 


9 


8 


8 


9 


10 


10 


9. 5 ; 10 


10 11 


Feb. 20... J 


494 


493 


492 


491 


491 


490 


485 


490 491 


490 


482 


483 


495 


511 


516 


520 


513 


507 


506 


499 


500 1501 


502 503 


494 


493 


491 


491 


491 


490 


490 


490 


491 


490 


481 


483 


495 


510 


517 


520 


513 


507 


506 


499 


501 501 


502 '503 


Temp 


12 


13 


15 


15 


14 


15 


15 


13 


12 


11 


10 


9 


9 


8 


7 


6 


5 


5 


5 


4 


3 


3 


2. 5 2. 5 


Feb. 21... 5 


504 


504 


503 


503 


504 


503 


503 


503 


504 


504 


504 


505 


505 


506 


517 


512 


515 


514 


509 


508 


508 


504 


503 510 


504 


504 


504 


504 


504 


503 


503 


503 


504 


504 


504 


505 


504 


507 


516 


512 


517 


514 


509 


508 


508 


504 


502 511 


Temp.... 


3 


3 


3 


3 


3.5 


3 


3.5 


3.5 


2 


1 





- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 1 


- 1 


-1 


- 1 


-1-0 


Feb. 22.. .J 


505 


511 


502 


510 


507 


501 


493 


502 


500 


497 


504 


510 


512 


523 


526 


529 


537 


541 


541 


548 


536 


537 


527 1526 


505 


512 


502 


511 


507 


500 


493 


503 


400 


497 


504 


506 


512 


524 


526 


529 


537 


542 


537 


547 


533 


536 


527 1526 


Temp.... 


1 


2 


2 


2 


3 


3.5 


3.5 


3 


1.5 


0.5 





- 2 


- 2 


- 2 


- 3 


- 4 


- 4 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


_ 7 


- 7 


-7 - 6 • 


Feb. 23.. J 


515 


509 


508 


511 


508 


514 


513 


500 


492 


514 


522 


509 


513 


521 


532 


516 


536 


539 


537 


526 


519 


516 


518 1517 


515 


508 


508 


511 


509 


514 


512 


502 


491 


514 


522 


510 


513 


521 


532 


546 


536 


538 


537 


526 


518 


516 


518 |516 


Temp 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 4 


- 5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 8 


- 9 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-11 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


- 9 


- 9 1- 8 


Feb. 24.. .J 


516 


518 


516 


517 


518 


517 


517 


512 


516 


518 


517 


5«6 


507 


515 


519 


530 


580 


555 


547 


537 


521 


543 


546 528 


516 


518 


516 


517 


518 


517 


517 


512 


517 


518 


518 


504 


507 


516 


520 


530 


579 


555 


547 


538 


520 


545 


547 :528 


Temp 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 8 


- 9 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-12 


-11 


-11 


-12 -11 


Feb. 25.. .i 


527 


526 


527 


505 


511 


497 


503 


513 


514 


522 


522 


520 


530 


532 


530 


529 


525 


525 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 524 


527 


526 


530 


505 


511 


498 


503 


513 


514 


522 


522 


521 


531 


531 


529 


528 


525 


525 


525 


524 


524 


524 


524 524 


Temp 


-10 


- 9 


- 8 


-8.5 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-11 


-12 


-13 


-13 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-13. 5-12 


-12 


-12 


-13 


-12 


-11 


Feb. 26... | 


523 


520 


520 


519 


518 


517 


516 


513 


513 


511 


518 


520 


522 


526 


538 


530 


529 


525 


534 


536 


531 


524 


520 


519 


521 


520 


519 


519 


518 


518 


515 


513 


514 


511 


518 


520 


522 


525 


538 


531 


529 


526 


534 


536 


530 


524 


520 


520 


Temp 


-11 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 9 


-11 


-13 


-14 


-14 


-14 


-15 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-16 


-15 


-16 


-17 


-17 


-17 


-15 


Feb. 27... J 


521 


522 


521 


518 


514 


511 


512 


510 


507 


507 


498 


508 


506 


511 


515 


523 


533 


533 


539 


554 


545 


532 


524 


506 


521 


523 


520 


516 


513 


510 


512 


510 


507 


508 


499 


509 


505 


511 


515 


522 


533 


533 


539 


552 


549 


533 


522 


508 


Temp 


-13 


- 9 


- 4 


-3 


-0.5 


- 1 


- 


-0.5 


- 2 


-4 


- 6 


- 6 


- 7 


- 8 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


- 9 


-8.5 


- 7 


Feb. 28... 5 


502 


522 


510 


514 


504 


499 


484 


188 


479 


500 


493 


508 


513 


536 


518 


530 


522 


551 


538 


529 


512 


505 


499 


502 


523 


521 


510 


500 


505 


498 


483 


488 


477 


500 


493 


508 


513 


534 


518 


530 


521 


551 


539 


527 


511 


504 


502 


502 


Temp 


-1.5 

503.2 


1 


2.5 


4 


4 


1 


1 


1 


- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


- 3 


- 3 


- 2 


- 2 


- 1 








2.5 


2 


2 
507.4 


2 

504. 3 


3 


4 


Hagnet'r. 


504.0 


502.8 


501.7 


502.0 


500.4 


498.9 


498.4 


490. 9 


497.0 


498.2 


498.3 


501.6 


505. 9 


509. 4 


511.7 


514.4 


513. ? 


513. 5 


512. 3 


504. 5 502. 3 


Temp 


3.7 


5.1 


5.5 


5.4 


5.9 


6.1 


6.1 


6.0 


4.5 


3.7 


3.1 


2.5 


2.5 


2.3 


2.2 


2.0 


2.2 


2. 2 3. 


2.6 


2.5 


2.8 


3. 5| 4. 



One division of scale = .0001739 part of the vertical force. Monthly means : Temperature, 3°. 7 ; magnetometer, 504.3 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAPKOW, ALASKA. 



521 



Hourly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, March, 1883. 



Date. 


1 ' 


Jh 


2" 


3" 


.{h 


5 1 ' 


0" 




7" 


8" 


<jb 


!0 h 


11* 


Noon. 


13" 


Hb 


15" 


16 b 


l 7 h 


IS" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23" 


Mar.l ..j f£ 


502 


501 


500 


498 


497 


487 


483 


496 


494 


495 


484 


494 


523 


509 


512 


530 


529 


515 


522 


522 499 


495 


501 


Temp 


6 


5 


9 


12 


14.5 


8 


10 


6 


7 


9 


10 




11 


10 


10 


9 


9 


8 


7 


6 


5 


5 | 4 


4 


4 


Mar. 2 . . \ 


503 


507 


5P6 


509 


505 


493 


493 


494 


467 


474 


484 


507 


534 


534 


546 


551 


543 


550 


548 


538 


526 518 


522 


518 





508 


507 


510 


504 


493 


494 


493 


473 


473 


480 


507 


533 


534 


545 


551 


543 


549 


547 


538 


526 '518 


524 


516 


Temp.... 


4 


3.5 


3 


3 


3 


2 





- 1 


- 2.5 


- 4 


-4.5 


-5 


-0 


- 8 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-10 


-11 


-10. 5-10. 5 


-10 


-9 


__ c 


520 


520 


522 


521 


514 


511 


504 


506 


504 


512 


517 


506 


514 


519 


524 


528 


536 


540 


537 


530 


520 J516 


514 


517 


Mar. 3... ^ 519 


521 


522 


521 


513 


511 j505 


506 


507 


511 


517 


506 


514 


519 


524 


528 


530 540 


537 


529 


520 516 


514 


515 


Temp....!- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 7 


-5.5 


- 5. 5 - 6 


- 6 


-8 


-8 


-9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 -10 


-9 


- 9 


-10 '-10 


- 9 


- 7 


Mo,. A 5 516 


517 


515 


513 


626 


020 ! 026 




(t) 


516 


509 


518 


5S4 


546 


548 


544 


547 550 


542 


538 


536 '538 


540 


542 


Mar. 4 ... i 
Temp 


516 
- 6 


517 
- 5 


515 

- 4 


513 
- 3 


626 
- 1 


627 026 
- 0. 5- 1 






516 
2.5 


509 
- 1 


518 
-2 


534 
- 2 


548 
-3 


548 
- 4 


544 
- 5 


547 550 
-5 - 5 


541 
-4.5 


537 
-5.5 


536 539 

- 6 !- 7 


540 
- 6 


543 




. . 


- 5 


Mar. 5 . . J 


543 


543 


540 


537 


528 


523 ,517 


5l'6" 


509 


513 


520 


534 


551 


547 


550 


550 


548 ,540 


544 


536 


529 521 


517 


511 


543 


543 


540 


537 


528 


523 517 


510 


5 


513 


520 


534 


549 


547 


551 


550 


548 546 


544 


536 


529 '519 


517 


511 


Temp.... 


- 5 


- 4 


- 3 


- 2 





- 0. 5- 1 


- 1 


- 3 


- 4 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


- 


-6 |-5 '-3 


_ 2 


- 1 ! 


1 


2 


Mar. 6 ... 5 


507 


506 


506 


506 


500 


508 [510 


511 


515 


522 


526 


529 


535 


534 


535 


544 


547 542 541 


539 


539 1533 


538 


510 


507 


505 


506 


507 


507 


508 510 


511 


515 


522 


526 


529 


534 


528 


535 


544 


547 542 '540 


540 


538 ;532 


538 


540 


Temp.... 
Mar. 7 ... i 

Temp .... 
Mar. 8...| 


2 


3 


3 


2 


3 


2 


2 


2 





- 1 


- 2 


- 3 


- 3 


-4 


- 5 


- 6 


-6 - 6 - 


- 7 


- 8 !- 8 


- 8 


- 7 


539 


540 


542 


538 


336 


535 


534 


517 


520 


525 


532 


535 


531 


535 


551 


549 


550 550 


547 


559 


552 


550 


550 


548 


539 


540 


542 


538 


530 


535 


534 


517 


526 


526 


532 


536 


532 


535 


552 


549 


550 


550 


546 


559 


551 


550 


550 


548 


- 5 


- 4 


- 3 


- 3 


- 2 


- 3 


- 3 


- 4 


-6 


- 7 


-8 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 


-10 -11 


-11 


-11 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-10 


-8 


548 


549 


548 


546 


545 


540 


523 


514 


517 


515 


525 


538 


550 


562 


501 


569 


577 


572 


555 


547 


544 


550 


557 


551 


548 


548 


548 


546 


545 


539 


523 


514 


518 


514 


520 


537 


550 


504 


560 


569 


576 


572 


555 


547 


544. 


550 


556 


552 


Temp 

Mar. 9 . . . S 

Temp 

Mar. 10 . . $ 

Temp .... 
Mar. 11.. | 

Temp . . . 
Mar. 12 . . ! 

Temp 

Mar. 13 -- 1 

Temp 

Mar. 14 . . i 

Temp.... 
Mar. 15.. £ 

Temp .... 
Mar. 16 . . i 

Temp.... 
Mar. 17 . . | 

Temp... 
Mar. 18 . . £ 

Temp 

Mar. 19 . . $ 

Temp 

Mar. 20 . . J 

Temp — 
Mar. 21 . . J 

Mar. 22 . . J 

Temp.... 
Mar. 23 ..J 

Temp.... 
Mar. 24 .. | 

Temp .... 
Mar. 25 . . J 

Temp .... 
Mar. 26 .. i 

Tnmil 


- 7 


- 6 


- 5 


- 5 


-4-3 


- 4 


- 5 


- 7 


- 8 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


552 


550 


551 


547 


545 !533 


540 


548 


549 


549 


552 


555 


559 


5S4 


561 


559 


560 


56G 


579 


572 


558 


501 


559 


560 


552 


550 


551 


518 


514 '532 


540 


548 


559 


550 


552 


556 


559 


584 


561 


559 


560 


566 


579 


569 


557 


561 


559 


560 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-11 


-10 -10 


-11 


-11 


-13 


-15 


-16 


-16 


-17 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-17 


-17 


-17. 5 


-17 


-17 


-16 


560 


500 


560 


5:9 


557 534 


552 


553 


554 


551 


549 


543 


548 


556 


556 


560 


568 


571 


570 


564 


560 


556 


557 


559 


560 


SCO 


560 


559 


557 [554 


553 


553 


554 


551 


549 


548 


551 


550 


556 


560 


509 


571 


570 


564 


559 


536 


557 


559 


-15 


-13 


-12 


-12. 5 


-10.5-10.5 


-11 


-12 


-14 


-15 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-19 


-19 


-19 


-18 . 


-18.5 


-18 


-38 


-18 -18 


-18 


-18 


559 


559 


559 


556 


553 550 


549 


550 


551 


552 


552 


551 


556 


576 


575 


572 


571 


507 


565 


559 


559 559 


559 


559 


559 


559 


539 


536 


553 549 


549 


549 


351 


552 


553 


551 


557 


576 


575 


572 


571 


567 


565 


559 


559 


559 


559 


559 


-18 


-15 


-12 


-10-5 


-8 !- 8. 5 -9. 5 


-11.5 


-13.5 


-15 


-16 


-17 


-17 


-17 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-18 


-17 


-17 


-17 


-17 


-16 


-16 


558 


558 


555 


552 


549 |545 |544 


544 


545 


546 


545 


545 


548 


548 


550 


539 


562 


556 


552 


544 


545 


544 


544 


545 


558 


556 


555 


552 


548 54=5 1544 


544 


545 


546 


546 


545 


548 


548 


550 


559 


562 


557 


552 


544 


545 


544 


542 


545 


13 


-10 


- 9 


-8.5 


-6 1-6. 5'- 7. 5 


-8.5 


- 8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 9 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


- 9 


- 9 


- 8 


-8 


- 7 


- 7 


- 6 


-4 


544 


543 


543 


542 


540 1539 529 


533 


523 


528' 


527 


539 


553 


556 


563 


576 


565 


560 


555 


550 


549 


548 


548 


548 


545 


543 


543 


542 


540 539 529 


534 


523 


528 


527 


540' 


554 


557 


562 


575 


564 


360 


355 


549 


549 


548 


548 


547 


- 3 


-1 








10-1 


- 1 


- 4 


- 5 


- 6 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 8 


-8.5 


- 9 


- 9 


- 8 


-8 


- 8 


- 8 


- 7 


-5.5 


547 


548 


547 


547 


547 1545 '544 


543 


538 


538 


527 


536 


550 


551 


572 


561 


555 


554 


554 


555 


553 


551 


549 


549 


547 


548 


547 


547 


547 ]545 i544 


543 


538 


537 


527 


536 


548 


550 


570 


561 


555 


554 


554 


555 


553 1551 


549 


549 


- 5 


- 3 


- 2 


- 2 


0. 5- 0. 5 - 2 


- 2.5 


- 5 


- 7 


- 8 


- 9 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-10 


-11 


-11 


-10 


-11 


-10 '-10 


-9.5 


-6 


548 


549 


517 


542 


524 


514 519 


526 


525 


521 


524 


520 


537 


542 


544 


540 


539 


541 


538 


537 


537 537 


538 


538 


548 


... 










































-5 


-3.5 


-1 


3 


8.5 


6 1 3.5 


2.5 


2.5 


•2 


0.5 





- 1 


- 2 


- 2 


-2.5 


- 3 


-3.5 


- 3 


-3 


-3 -1.5 


- 1 


0.5 


537 


537 


536 


536 


537 


536 536 


535 


529 


528 


535 


535 


536 


539 


539 


543 


547 


548 


552 


540 


538 ;538 


538 


537 


537 


536 


536 


537 


536 


536 


536 


529 


528 


535 


535 


537 


539 


539 


542 


547 


548 


552 


539 


538 1538 


538 


537 


2 i 2.5 





- 1 


0.5 





-0.5 


- 1 


-3 


- 4 


- 5 


- 5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 5 


- 5 


- 5 


- 4 !- 3 


- 3 





536 537 


537 


536 


537 


535 


533 


533 


532 


532 


528 


525 


534 


532 


544 


541 


537 


537 


537 


534 


534 ;534 


534 


534 


536 537 


537 


536 


536 


535 


533 


533 


532 


532 


528 


526 


534 


533 


544 


541 


537 


537 


537 


534 


534 '534 


534 


534 


1 0.5 


1 


1 


3 


2. 5 


1.5 


1 


- 1 


-1.5 


- 3 


- 3 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 2 


- 3 


-2-2 


-1 





o34 '534 


534 


535 


531 


530 


530 


528 


528 


529 


529 


531 


533 


535 


547 


545 


541 


538 


539 


537 


536 535 


536 


536 


534 534 


535 


535 


531 


530 


529 


528 


528 


529 


529 


531 


533 


535 


547 


544 


540 


538 


539 


537 


536 '535 


536 


536 


1 1.5 


1.5 


2.5 


5 


4 


3 


2 





- 1 


- 2 


- 3 


- 4 


- 4 


- 5 


- 5. 5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


-5 '-5 


-3 


- 1 


535 534 


533 


532 


529 


525 


525 


525 


527 


527 


528 


530 


523 


537 


536 


537 


537 


537 


537 


536 


536 536 


537 


537 


535 534 


533 


531 


529 


525 


524 


525 


527 


527 


528 


529 


523 


537 


536 


536 


537 


537 


537 


536 


536. 536 


537 


537 


1. 5 1. 5 


2.5 


3 


6 


5.5 


4.5 


3.5 


1 


- 1 


- 2 


-3 


- 4 


- 5 


-5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


- 6 


-5 '-5 


-4 


- 2 


537 


536 


535 


534 


533 


531 


.530 


530 


530 


531 


533 


534 


537 


537 


538 


539 


539 


539 


540 


540 


540 540 


539 


539 


537 


536 


535 


533 


533 


530 


530 


530 


530 


531 


533 


534 


536 


537 


538 


539 


539 


539 


540 


540 


540 540 


539 


539 





1.5 


2.5 


2.5 


4 


3 


1 





- 2 


- 4 


- 5 


- 6 


- 6 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


- 7 


-7 


-6 - 5 


-4 


- 2 


538 


537 


535 


533 


531 


530 


530 


519 


509 


509 


513 


524 


533 


542 


542 


542 


547 


548 


543 


538 


540 531 


526 


524 


538 


537 


535 


533 


531 


530 


530 


520 


509 


508 


512 


524 


533 


542 


542 


542 


547 


548 


543 


538 


539 532 


525 


524 





1.6 


2.5 


3 


3 


4 


3 


2 





- 2 


- 3 


-4 


- 4 


- 4 


-4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 4 


- 2 


- 2 


-2 





1.5 




529 


530 


516 


513 


507 


510 


512 


513 


507 


514 


53S 


539 


548 


540 


538 


540 


548 


549 


547 


528 ,516 


519 


521 


529 


529 


530 


516 


512 


509 


510 


512 


513 


508 


514 


538 


539 


549 


540 


538 


540 


518 


549 


547 


528 516 


519 


521 


1 


2 


2 


2 


4.5 


4 


4 


4 


4 


3 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


4 


3 


3 4 


5 


6 


521 


520 


520 


522 


518 


514 


498 


484 


479 


496 


504 


507 


507 


516 


530 


534 


531 


530 


528 


520 


518 517 


518 


521 


520 


521 


520 


522 


518 


515 


499 


487 


480 


496 


504 


507 507 


516 


536 


535 


531 


531 


528 


519 


518 517 


518 


521 


6.5 


6.5 


7.5 


8 


8 


10 


9 


9 


8 


7 


7 


7 ! 7 


6 


6 


6 


5 


4 


5 


6 


5.5 5 


5 


6 


520 


520 


519 


517 


514 


513 


513 


512 


499 


505 


509 


510 512 


514 


514 


515 


523 


520 


518 


514 


512 J508 


506 


501 


520 


520 


519 


517 


513 


512 


513 


512 


498 


505 


ou9 


510 512 


513 


514 


515 


523 


520 


517 


514 


511 ,508 


506 


501 


7 


8 


8.5 


9 


9 


9 


9 


8 


8 


7 


7 


6 6 


6 


6 


6 


6 


6 


7 


8 


10 | 11 


13 


15 


501 


498 


498 


496 


495 


489 


483 


486 


482 


475 


474 


471 475 


476 


477 


475 


490 


478 


470 


464 


402 ,455 


434 


457 


501 


499 


498 


496 


495 


489 


483 


486 


482 


475 


474 


471 


475 


476 


477 


475 


490 


478 


470 


464 


462 455 


454 


457 


15 


16 


17 


16.5 


19 


19.5 


19 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 


21 


21.5 


22 


22 


21 


21 


23 24 


24.5 


27 


456 


455 


454 
453 


445 


445 


445 


444 


440 


432 


438 


441 


446 


459 


467 


463 


468 


469 


469 


468 


467 


459 '459 


454 


442 


456 


455 


445 


445 445 


444 


440 


432 


438 


441 


446 


460 


467 


463 


468 


473 


469 


468 


467 


459 459 


454 


441 


26.5 


27 


26.5 


28 


27.5 


25 


25 


23 


20 


18 


16 


15 


15 


15 


15 


14.5 


14 


14 


15 


15 


17 | 18.5 


19.5 


21 


±emp : 436 

Mar. 27 .. <■ 435 

Temp,. h| 


427 


429 


427 


412 


418 


427 


431 


429 


429 


432 


443 


447 


460 


459 


466 


464 


472 


474 


474 


453 449 


458 


452 


426 


429 


427 


413 


421 


428 


430 


429 


429 


432 


442 


448 


459 


459 


466 


405 


471 


474 


474 


452 ,448 


459 


445 


23 


22.5 


24 


24 


25.5 


25 


25 


25 


25 


25 


24.5 


24.5 


24 


23.5 


23 


23.5 


22 


23 


23 


24 j 25 


26.5 


27 


429 


434 


434 


438 


435 


430 


438 


439 


447 


444 


446 


482 


475 


477 


488 


510 


511 


512 


506 


482 ;478 


469 


463 


Mar. 28 . . i 425 


430 


436 


435 


437 


434 


430 


438 


439 


447 


445 


446 


485 


475 


479 


488 


510 


510 


512 


506 


483 478 


408 


462 


Temp.. j 4 f 6 5 
Mar. 29 . . \ 456 


27 


26.5 


, 25 


24.5 23 


21 


20 


18 


17 


15 


13.5 


12 


10 


9.5 


8 


7 


7 


8 


8 


9 10 


12.5 


14.5 


433 


420 


405 


392 1425 


431 


432 


436 


438 


449 


455 


459 


453 


463 


469 


468 


460 


467 


451 


440 1435 


434 433 


433 


421 


J405 


392 ! 426 


431 


432 


437 


438 


448 


455 


461 


452 


463 


470 


408 


4C0 


467 


449 


440 !434 


432 |433 


Temp...\l 4 ^ 

Mar. 30 .. J ;432 

Temp.. I 4 || 


18 


19 


i is.; 


♦19 20 


20 


20 


21 


21 


21 


19.5 


20 


20 


19.5 


19 


19 


19 


20 


2L 


21 22 


24 26 


431 


431 


430 


430 


428 


431 


432 


433 


436 


433 


436 


442 


454 


454 


451 


451 


453 


451 


450 


449 447 


445 444 


431 


430 


430 


430 


428 


432 


432 


434 


436 


433 


436 


443 


454 


454 


451 


451 


453 


452 


450 


449 447 


445 ;444 


29.5 


29.5 


29.5 


29 


29 


29 


28 


26 


24 


23 


21.5 


20.5 


20 


19 


17.5 


16.5 


15 


15 


15 


15.5 


17 


19 | 21 


439 


439 


439 


439 


438 


439 


442 


443 


444 


442 


447 


449 


447 


448 


450 


456 


462 


458 


450 


450 


447 


444 443 


Mar. 31 . . | 
Temp 


442 


439 


439 


1439 


439 |438 


439 


442 


443 


444 


442 


447 


452 


447 


448 


450 


458 


462 


458 


455 


450 


447 


444 443 


24 


25 

514.4 


25.5 
513.7 


1 26 
511.4 


25 I 25 
511. 7 510. 1 


22. 5 


22 


20.5 


JL 


20 


20 


20 


19 


18 


17 


16 


16 


16.5 

528. 5 


16.5 


17.5 


20 


20.5 21 


Magnet'r .. 


515. C 


508.5 


503. 8 502. 4 


504.1 


506.0 


510.5518.3 


523. 9 


526.5 


528.2 530.8 


530. 4 


524. 6 


519. 5 


-516. 2 


516.0 515.0 


Reduced... 519.5 


518. 3 


517.6 


515. 3 


515.6 514.0 512.4 


507. 8 506. 4 


508.0 


509.9 


514. 4,522. 2 


527.8 


530.4 


532.1534.7 


534.3 


532. i 


528.5 


523. 4!520. 1 


519. 9 618. 9 


Temp 1 2.6 


3.5 


,4.2 


1 4.6 


5.9| 5.4 4.7 


3. 9, 2. 8 

1 


2.0 


1.0 


0. Sli 0. 1 


-0.5 


- 0.9 


-1.2J-1.4 


- 1.5 


j- O.S 


-0.9 


- 0. 6 0. 


0. 9| 2. 1 



To reduce readings to an approximately uniform series increase eacli reading between March. 29, 4", and close of the month by 40.0, 
divisions. It is found as follows: Mean of 10 days, March 19 to 28, inclusive, 499.4; mean 20 days, March 30 to April 8, inclusive, 459.4, 
diilerence, 40.0 Monthly means : Temperature, 1°.5; magnetometer, 516.3; reduced mean, 520.2 

* March 29, about 4 a. m. Gott. time, magnets cleaned of slight frost that had collected. 

t Scale value up to March 4. 8", . 0001739: after that date .0001017 ; average for month .0001087 part of the vert, force. 



H. Ex. 44- 



■GG 



522 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



Hourly readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer at Uglaamie, Alaska, April, 1883. 



Date, 



Ap. l| 

Tem.. 
Ap. 2^ 

Tem.. 
Ap. 3{ 

Tem.. 
Ap. i\ 

Tem.. 
Ap. 5^ 

Tem.. 
Ap. 0[ 

Tem . . 
Ap. 7{ 

Tem.. 
Ap. 8 1 

Tem . . 
Ap. 9{ 

Tem.. 
Ap.10 j 

Tern.. 
Ap.ll[ 

Tem.. 
Ap,12J 

Tem . . 
Ap.l3| 

Tem . . 
Ap.H? 

Tem.. 
Ap.lsJ 

Tem.. 
Ap.iof 

Tem.. 
Ap.17* 

Tem.. 
Ap.lSJ 

Tem.. 
Ap.19 £ 

Tem.. 
Ap.20^ 

Tem.. 
Ap.2l[ 

Tem . . 
Ap.22[ 

Tem . 
Ap..23^ 

Tem.. 
Ap.24^ 

Tem.. 
Ap.SuJ 

Tem.. 
Ap.26^ 

Tem . 
Ap.27{ 

Tem . . 
Ap.28$ 

Tem . . 
Ap.23^ 

Tom . 
Ap.30J 

Tem.. 

Magn'r 

Redu'd 
Tem . . 



444- 

444 

22 

450 



446 



20 20 
455 1454 
455 454 



.5 



448 



448 



14 

460 
4C0 

10 
4G2 
462 

8.5 
471 
470 
7 
456 
456 

16 
4U0 
460 

10 
464 
464 
9 
469 
469 

469 
469 

C. 5 
462 
462 

11.5 
459 
459 

13 
455 
454 

18 

!452 

1452 

5! 21 

1451 



8.5 



20 
449 
449 

24. 
169 
J 69 
5 10. 
469 
469 

10. 
473 
473 
7. 
463 
163 

13 
455 
455 

22 
455 
455 

21. 
453 
453 

21. 
459 
459 

18 
438 
438 

21 
149 
449 

28 



14 
459 
459 

12 
454 
454 

10 
408 
468 
9 
453 
453 

16. 
460 
460 

12 

463 

463 

9 

469 

469 

6 

468 

468 

8 

463 

463 

12. 
458 
458 

14 
454 
454 

18 
451 
451 

22 
452 



23 
443 

443 
23.5 



443 



443 



21 

455 
455 

13 
457 
457 

12 
458 
458 

10 
467 
467 

9.5 
454 
453 

16 
459 
459 

12 
463 
463 

9.5 
468 
468 
9 
468 
468 
8 
462 
462 

11 
458 
458 

14 
453 
453 

18 
449 
449 

22 
450 



22 
455 
455 

14 
457 
457 

10 
459 
459 

10. 
465 
465 

11 
453 
453 

16. 
459 
459 

13 
463 
463 

10 
468 
468 

10 
465 
465 
9 
461 
461 

12 
457 
457 

15 
452 
452 

18. 
44 8 
448 

24 
449 



21 

444 

444 

21. 



.5 



465. 4 

509. C 

15.5 



512 
512 

29 
528 
528 

29 
529 
529 

27 



469 469 

469 469 

8. 

466 

466 

12 

469 

469 

9 

460 

460 1461 

14.5 15 



468 
5| 12 

473 

474 
5| 9 

461 



455 
455 

23 
155 
455 

20.5 
453 
453 

22 
459 
4.39 

19 
442 
445 

22 
449 
449 

28 



518 
518 

31 
528 
528 

30 
527 
527 

27 



4C5. 2 464. 7 

509. 4 508. 9 

16. 3] 17.2 



454 
454 

24 
455 
454 

20 
453 
453 

21 
457 
457 

19 
423 
424 

23 
445 
445 

28 



519 
518 

31 
52S 
528 

29 
528 
527 

27 



46:!. 4 
507.6 
17.0 



23 

444 
■444 

21. 
469 
469 

10 
465 
465 

13 
4C6 
465 

11 
450 
456 

17 
454 
454 

25 
453 
453 

20 
453 
453 

22 
456 
456 

19. 
429 
429 

23 
443 
443 

29 



520 

520 

32. 

524 

31 

527 

527 

27 



443 



21 
455 

455 

13.5 
457 
458 

10 
459 
459 

10 
463 
463 

9.5 
453 
453 

15 
458 
458 

11.5 
462 
462 

9.5 
467 
467 

10 
464 
464 

9.5 
460 
460 

13 
456 
456 

15 
451 
451 

18.5 
447 
447 

23 
449 



20. 

445 
446 

21 
467 
468 

10 
464 
464 

12 
455 
455 

11 
417 
446 

17. 
453 
453 

25 
453 
453 

19 
452 
452 

22 
454 
454 

19 
440 
441 

24. 
442 
442 

29 



462. 51461. 6 
506. 71505. 8 
18.0! 17.6 



445 



22 

457 
457 

12 
458 
458 

9.5 
457 
457 
7. 
463 
463 
9 
452 
452 

14 
459 
459 

10 

462 

462 

8 

467 

467 

9 

463 

463 

9 

460 

460 

12. 
456 
456 

14 
451 
451 

18 
447 
447 

21 
449 



23. 
446 

446 

20 
467 
466 
9 
464 
464 

12 
454 
454 

10 
450 
450 

17 
453 
453 

26 
453 
453 

19 
451 
451 

21 
454 
454 

19 
432 
432 

25 
436 
434 

23 



440 



21 
457 
457 
11 
458 
458 

7 
454 
454 

6 
162 
462 

7 
454 
454 
12 
459 
459 

7 
463 
463 

5. 
467 
497 

7. 
462 
462 

8 

i54 

454 

11 
455 
455 

13 

451 
451 

17 
448 
448 

20 
148 



.5 



161.1 
305. 3 
17.1 



20 

447 
447 

19 
463 
463 
8 
463 
403 

10. 
450 
450 

10 
450 
450 

16 
453 
453 

25. 
453 
453 

18 
451 
451 

19. 
454 
455 

18 
436 
436 

22 
434 
434 

27 
504 
505 

28. 
517 
517 

31 
523 
524 

28 
529 
529 

24 



462. 2 

506.4 

15.8 



9' 



435 



440 



19.5 
456 
456 

8.5 
455 
455 

5.5 
458 
458 

4.5 
463 
409 

C 
453 
453 
11 
40() 
461 

5 
404 
464 

4 
467 
467 

6 
402 
462 

8 

455 

455 

10 

455 

4.55 

12 

450 

450 

15 

448 

44 8 

18 

448 



17 
456 
456 

6 
456 
456 

4 
454 
454 

3. 
462 
462 

5 
453 
453 
10 
461 
462 

3. 
4G4' 
464 

2 
468 
468 

4 
463 
463 

7 
450 
450 

8 

455 

455 

10 

450 

450 

14 

449 

449 

15. 

449 



20 
448 
449 

16 
465 
465 

6.5 
464 
464 

7.5 
451 
451 
8 
450 
450 

16 
453 
453 

25 
454 
454 

16.5 
451 
451 

17 
455 
455 

17 
438 
439 

22 
435 
435 

20 
511 
511 

20 
518 
518 

29 
525 
525 

26 
528 
528 

23 



462.7 

506. 9 

14.2 



16. 
454 
454 

5 
450 
450 

2 
458 
458 

0. 
463 
467 

4 
453 
453 

9 
402 
463 

2 
464 
464 



18 
468 

2 
463 
463 

7 
459 
459 

7 
455 
455 

9 
451 
451 
13 
450 
450 
14 
448 



20 
451 

451 

14 

466 

466 

4. 

465 

465 

5 

458 

458 

7. 

451 

452 

15 
453 
453 

24 
454 
434 

15 
452 
452 

15 
455 
455 

16 
410 
440 

21 
436 
438 

25 
516 
516 

24 
519 
519 

27 
524 
524 

25 
529 
529 

21 



463.2 
507.4 
12.8 



10* 



445 



20 
452 
452 

12 

468 

468 

2, 

466 

466 

3 

470 

470 



459 

459 

15 
452 
452 

23 
453 
453 

14 
455 
455 

13. 
456 
456 

15 
445 
446 

20 
436 
436 

24 
518 
518 

22. 
520 
520 

24 
525 
525 

23 
529 
529 

20 



456 



15. 

460 
460 

4 
456 
456 


458 
458 

- 1 
463 
463 

3 
454 
454 

8 
404 
463 


464 
464 

- 2 
408 
468 

1 
404 
464 



404 

6 

456 

450 

7 

450 

450 

12 
450 
450 

13 
448 



14.5 
460 
460 

3 
407 
408 

1 
402 
462 

- 2 
464 
40-i 

3 
458 
458 

6.5 
464 
464 

- 1 
467 
467 

- 3 
468 
408 

1 

464 

464 

5 

464 

404 

5 

457 

458 

6 

451 

451 

10 

451 

451 

11 

448 



18 
455 
455 

10 

471 

472 

1 

471 

471 

1 

408 

4 08 

5 

457 

457 

14 
453 
453 

21 
454 
454 

13 
457 
457 

11 
457 
4.37 

12 
419 
449 

18 
441 
441 

23 
521 
521 

21.5 
522 
522 

23. 5 
525 
525 

21.5 
528 
528 

19 



464. 8400. 5 
509. 0,510. 7 
11.5 10.0 



468 



13* 14* 15* 



462 459 



14 
461 
461 

1 
481 
481 

2 
465 
465 

- 3 
467 
467 

3 
459 
4.59 

6 
465 
465 

- 1 
469 
469 

- 4 
469 
469 



15 
405 

5 
465 
405 

5 
462 
462 

5 
453 
453 

9 
452 
452 
10 
448 



13 
472 
472 

482 
4S2 

468 
468 

- 4 
475 
475 

2 
401 
461 

6 
466 
466 

- 2 
470 
470 

- 5 
470 
470 

- 1 
405 
405 

5 
466 
466 

5 
466 
400 

4 
457 
457 

8 
452 
452 

9 
44S 



18 
463 
463 

7 
476 
476 
2 
479 
479 
- 3 
470 
470 
4 
460 
460 

13 
454 
454 

2(1 
462 
462 

11 
402 
402 

10 
1460 
460 

11 
454 
454 

17 
453 
453 
5 ! 20.5 
521 
521 

19 
530 
529 

21 
526 
526 

19 
530 
530 

16 



469.11471.6 
513. 3515. S 
I. 9, 8. 2 



18 
471 
471 
6 
479 
479 

- 3 
483 
483 

- 4 
471 
471 

3 
462 
462 

12 
454 
454 

20 
402 
462 

10 
463 
463 
8 
460 
400 

10 
468 
469 

17 
452 
452 

20 
526 
527 

18 
529 
529 

20 
529 
529 

18 
535 
535 

15 



461 460 



12 
475 
475 

- 1 
489 
489 

- 4 
477 
477 

- 4 
181 
481 

2 
465 
465 

5 
466 
466 

- 2 
471 
472 

- 6 
470 
470 
_ 2 
467 
467 

4 
466 
466 

4 
466 
466 

4 
458 
458 

7 
453 
453 

8 
449 



16' 



17'' 



11 
476 
476 
- 1 



5 
482 
482 

- 5 
483 
483 

2 
466 
400 

5 
407 
407 

- 2 
471 
471 

- 6 
470 
470 
_ 2 

468 
468 

4 
467 
467 

5 
466 
468 

4 
461 
461 

6.5 
454 
451 

8 
452 



17 

470 
470 
4 
480 
480 

- 4 
490 
489 

- 5 
475 
475 

3 
463 
403 

12 
454 
454 

19.5 
463 
463 

10 
400 
466 
8 
462 
102 

10 
405 
405 

17 
451 
451 

19.5 
512 
510 

17.5 
531 
531 

19.5 
532 
532 

17.5 
535 
535 

15 



10 
477 
477 

2 
498 
500 

5 
486 
486 

- 5 
478 
478 

2 
464 
404 

5 
467 
467 

- 2 
472 
472 

- 6 
470 
470 

- 2 
467 
467 

4 
466 
466 

5 
404 
464 

5 
460 
460 

454 

45i 

8 

453 



17 
472 
472 
3 
4S0 
480 

- 4 
487 
487 

- 5 
482 
4S2 

3 
464 
404 

13 
454 
454 

19 
464 
405 

11 
468 
468 
8 
462 
462 

11 
462 
463 

17 
450 
450 

19. 
517 
517 

17., 
531 
531 

19 
532 
532 

is- 

535 

535 

15 



18' 



19* 



459 457 458 



20" 



9.5 

481 
481 

- 1 
495 
495 

- 4 
485 
;48G 
I- 5 
j474 
1474 

I 3 
463 

1463 

5 

467 

467 

- 0.5 
472 
472 

i" 5 
]470 

470 

!- 1 

400 
J466 
I 4 
f 405 
;465 

5 
404 
104 

6 
460 



17 
471 
471 

4S0 
480 

- 4 
487 
487 

- 5 
486 
486 

3 
465 
465 

13 
454 
454 

19 
4G7 
467 

11 
467 
467 
8 
473 
473 

11 
462 
462 

18 
453 
453 

19 
520 
522 

18 
530 
530 

19 
531 
531 

17 
536 
536 

14 



17 
471 
472 
3. 
481 
481 

- 2 
484 
484 

- 4 
484 
484 

5 
466 
466 

14. 
455 
455 

19 
466 
466 

12 
467 
467 
9 
471 
472 

13 
462 

62 

20 
462 
462 

20 
52.3 
525 

19 
529 
529 

21 
530 
530 

18 
536 
536 

15 



473 
472 

500 
499 

- 3 
490 
490 

- 4 
470 
470 

4 
462 
462 

5 
407 
467 


471 
471 

- 3 
409 
469 


466 
466 

5 
465 
405 

6 
403 
403 

7 
462 
462 

8 

454 

454 

10 

454 



9.5 

468 

8 

0.5 
490 
489 

1.5 
482 
482 

- 3 
467 
467 

5 
462 
462 

5 
407 
467 

1 
47(1 
47(i 

- 3 
469 
409 

3 
466 
400 
6 
404 
464 
7 
402 
402 

10 
450 
439 

10 
453 
453 

11.5 
450 



18 
472 

471 

4 

479 

479 

1 

484 

4S4 

- 3 

485 

485 

5 

465 

465 

15 
455 
455 

18. 
463 
462 

14 
466 
466 

10. 
479 
478 

14 
457 
456 

20. 
'457 
456 
! 20 
523 
|523 

19 
529 
529 

22 
529 
529 

18 
532 
531 

15 



457 



21' 



457 457 



9.! 

466 
466 

3.! 
478 
478 


478 
478 

- 1.1 
464 
464 

7 
462 
462 

6 
466 
466 

2 
469 
469 

- 1 
469 
469 

4 
465 
465 
6. 
462 
462 
7 
460 
460 

11 
458 
458 

12 
453 
453 

13 
446 



•2l>- 



- 23 b 



19 21 
469 469 



11 
404 
404 

5 
478 
478 

2. 
477 
477 


463 
463 

9 
461 
461 

8 
466 
466 

4 
469 
469 

1 
469 



464 
404 
7. 
401 
401 

9.5 
459 
459 

14 
450 
456 

14. 
452 
452 

10 
442 



I 11 
462 

462 
I 7 
!477 
477 
5 5 
475 
475 
4 
463 
!463 

11 
461 
461 
9 
465 
465 
5 
469 
409 
4 
468 
468 
6 
463 
462 

10 
400 
159 

11 
457 
457 

15.5 
455 
455 

18 
452 
452 

17.5 
439 



Cor'o 
+ 

40. 
40.9 
41.8 
42.7 



469 


469 


4 


5 


479 


477 


479 


477 





2 


480 


479 


480 


479 


- 3 





476 


471 


477 


471 


6 


8 


4G3 


459 


403 


459 


17.5 


18 


455 


455 


455 


455 


18.5 


18.5 


461 


459 


461 


459 


15 


18.5 


465 


463 i 



464 463 

12 14 

476 |481 

476 481 



18 
452 
451 

23 

448 44S 
447 448 



22 
520 



523 520 



21 
528 

28 

23.5 
528 

28 

19 
532 
532 

10 



474. 1 475. 4 476. 3477. 4 477. 3 476. 4 474. 1 
518. 3 519. 6|520. 5 521. 6 521. 5 , 520. 6'51S. 3 
.31 6.8 6.61 6.7 7.6 8.0; 9.5 



22 

527 
527 

25 
528 
528 

22 
528 
528 

17 



22 
469 
468 
6 
475 
475 
4. 
478 
478 
3 
473 
473 
9 
458 
458 

20 
455 
455 

19 
456 
459 

20 
401 
461 

15 
465 
404 

IS. 
450 
449 

25 
449 
449 

23 
522 
521, 

27 
528 
528 

26.1 
529 
529 

24 
528 
528 

19 



25 

40S 
468 
6 
471 
474 

7.5 
475 
475 
6 
403 
466 

11.5 
460 
150 

21 
455 
455 

20.5 
456 
454 

21.5 
459 
459 

17 
448 
447 

21 
449 
449 

27 
450 
450 

24.5 
515 
515 

28 
528 
528 

28 
528 
528 

25 
531 
531 

19.5 



44.4 



45.3 



46.2 



48.0 



48.8 



49.7 



50.6 



51.5 



52.3 



53.2 



54.1 



55.0 



55.9 



56.8 



57.6 



58.5 



59.4 



60.3 



61.2 



62.1 



472. 3471. 1 469. 3 

516. 5 515. 3513. 5 

11. 12. 8 14. 5 



Scale, value of one division up to April 15, .0001017 ; between April 15 and 27, .0002413 ; after April 27, 6*, .0003031 ; average for month, .0001844 
part of the vert, force. To reduce readings to an approximate uniform series apply the corrections indicated in last column. "We have means 
of 10 days April 17 to 26, inclusive, 460.1 ; menu of 10 days, April 28 to May 7, inclusive, 522.2 ; difference, 02.1 Monthly means: Temperature, 
12.1°; magnetometer, 468.7; reduced mean, 512.9 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



523 





Hourly readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, 


Ugl 


aamie, Alaska, 


May, 1883. 






Date. 


0" 


1* 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


71, 


8* 


»" 


10" 


11" 


Noon 


13" 


u» 


15" 
534 


10" 


17" 
537 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23b 


May 1 .... £ 


530 
530 
19.5 


530 


530 


531 


531 


531 


531 


527 


524 


529 


529 


531 


533 


530 


532 


536 


537 


536 


531 


529 


528 


528 


Temp 


20 


20.5 


20 


20.5 


19.5 


20 


19 


17 


16.5 


16 


15. 5 


14. £ 


13 


12 


10 


11 


13 


14 


16 


18 


20 


23 


24 


Tl)|'„ TT o J 


528 


530 


530 


528 


530 


530 


531 


532 


530 


521 


529 


529 


533 


535 


542 


542 


542 


542 


540 


538 


536 


535 


535 


534 


May 2 { 


530 


530 


528 


531 


530 


531 


532 


530 


521 


529 


530 


533 


535 


542 


542 


542 


542 


540 


538 


536 


535 


535 


534 


Temp ... 


25.5 


24.5 


24.5 


21 


20.5 


20.5 


18.5 


16.5 


15 


13.5 


11.5 


10 


8 


7 


6 


C 


6 


6.5 


8 


9 


11 


13 


14 


10.5 


May3....| 


535 |534 


534 


534 


533 


534 533 


534 


531 


531 


531 


537 


536 


537 


537 


536 


537 


537 


536 


536 


535 


534 


533 


53311 


535 534 


534 


534 


534 


534 533 


534 


531 


531 


531 


537 


536 


537 


537 


536 


537 


537 


536 


530 


535 


534 


533 


533 


Temp.... 


16.5 17 


17.5 


17.5 


18 


18 


17 


16 


16 


14 


13 


12 


10 


9 


8 


7 


8 


9 


11 


12 


13 


14 


18 


22 || 


May 4 5 


545 |548 


550 


551 


563 


520 


523 


524 


524 


524 


524 


527 


530 


528 


529 


530 


530 


530 


529 


528 


522 


522 


522 


522 


545 548 


550 


551 


563 


520 


523 


524 


523 


525 


524 


528 


530 


528 


529 


530 


530 


530 


529 


528 


522 


522 


522 


522 


Temp.... 


22 1 21 


21 


20.5 


20.5 


20.5 


19.5 


18.5 


17 


16 


14 


13 


12 


11 


10 


11 


11 


12 


14 


14.5 


16.5 


17.5 


19.5 


21 


TVToT- K J 


522 522 


522 


521 


520 


520 


520 


520 


518 


519 


519 


520 


521 


524 


525 


530 


528 


526 


522 


523 


514 


508 


494 


494 


Ma, y 5 ~\ 55 


522 


521 


520 


520 


520 


521 


518 


519 


519 


520 


521 


524 


525 


529 


528 


526 


522 


522 


514 


508 


493 


494 


Temp.... 


21 22 


23 


23 


24 


23 


23 


22.5 


22 


21 


21 


20 


20 


20 


20 


20 


21 


21 


23 


25 


27 


28.5 


32 


35 


May 6 S 


496 1493 


490 


487 


485 


486 


485 


476 


476 


481 


482 


485 


489 


495 


514 


514 


509 


501 


506 


500 


489 


489 


488 


486 


496 493 


490 


487 


485 


486 


485 


476 


476 


482 


483 


484 


489 


495 


515 


514 


509 


502 


506 


500 


488 


489 


488 


486 


Temp.... 


36 38 


39 


39. 5j 39 


38 


38.5 


37 


36 


34.5 


33 


32 


31 


31 


31 


32 


32 


32 


32.5 


32 


31.5 


31.5 


32 


33 


May 7.... J 


490 492 


493 


493 |496 


497 


498 


491 


483 


487 


495 


501 


509 


511 


507 


509 


515 


515 


510 


503 


501 


501 


500 


498 


490 


492 


493 


494 496 


498 


497 


491 J483 


488 


495 


601 


509 


510 


507 


509 


515 


515 


510 


503 


501 


501 


500 


498 


Temp .... 


32 


31 


30 


29 30 


29 


27 


25 25 


24 


23 


22 


22 


21 


21 


21 


22 


22.5 


24 


24 


25 


.27 


28 


30 


May8... A 


499 


497 


502 


495 |495 


495 


495 


494 |494 


494 


494 


496 


502 


504 


504 


502 


505 


504 


503 


500 


496 


494 


498 


498 


499 


497 


502 


495 495 


496 


495 


494 494 


494 


494 


496 


502 


504 


504 


502 


505 


504 


503 


500 


496 


494 


500 


498 


Temp.... 


30 


31 


33 


34 1 34 


34 


34 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29 


27.5 


27 


26.5 


26 


26 


26 


27 


27 


29 


31 


34 


37 


May9...J 


500 


497 


497 


498 |489 


491 


492 


492 


494 


493 


495 


496 


494 !499 


500 


501 


502 


502 


505 


502 


499 


497 


497 


496 


501 


497 


496 


492 !489 


491 


492 


493 


494 


493 


495 


496 


494 1499 


500 


501 


502 


502 


505 


502 


499 


497 


497 


496 


Temp.... 


38 


40 


40 


39 39. 5 


37.5 


35 


35 


33 


32 


30 


28.5 


28. 5 1 28 


27.5 


28 


28 


28 


28 


28 


29 


30 


32 


34 


May 10... | 


495 


493 


492 


491 


492 


493 


494 


495 


497 


498 


499 


499 


500 1501 


501 


502 


502 


502 


500 


498 


495 


493 


492 


492 


494 


493 


492 


491 


491 


494 


494 


495 


497 


498 


499 


499 


500 501 


501 


503 


502 


502 


500 


498 


495 


493 


492 


492 


Temp 


35 


38 


39 


39 


39.5 


37 


35 


36 


34 


32.5 


31.5 


30 


29 1 28 


28 


28 


29 


29.5 


30 


31.5 


34 


36.5 


39 


40 


Mayll... j 


493 


493 


494 


494 


493 


492 


492 


494 


496 


496 


492 


491 


501 


502 


500 


500 


499 


498 


498 


497 


496 


497 


496 


495 


493 


493 


494 


494 


494 


492 


492 


494 


496 


495 


492 


491 


501 


502 


500 


500 


499 


498 


498 


497 


497 


497 


496 


495 


Temp.... 


40 


40.5 


41.5 


41 


40 


40.5 


38 


35.5 


34 


33 


32.5 


32 


31.5 


31 


30.5 


31 


31 


32 


32.5 


33.5 


35 


36 


36. 5 


38 


May 12... i 


496 


497 


497 


494 


495 


495 


49S 


495 


494 


496 


497 


496 


498 


500 


500 


501 


501 


500 


500 


498 


497 


496 


495 


495 


496 


497 |497 


493 


495 


494 


490 


496 


494 


496 


497 


496 


498 


500 


500 


501 


501 


500 


500 


498 


497 


496 


495 


495 


Temp 


37 


38 39 38 


36 


36 


36 


34 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29.5 


29.5 


29.5 


29 


29 


30 


29.5 


31 


33 


34.5| 36 


37 


May 13... £ 


495 


495 495 1495 


495 


495 497 


492 


493 


493 


493 


492 


492 


498 


503 


595 


503 


508 


503 


496 


495 


494 497 


497 


495 


495 '495 '495 


495 


496 


498 


492 


493 


493 


493 


492 


492 


498 


503 


505 


503 


508 


503 


496 


495 


494 497 


497 


Temp 


37 


37 ] 37 36 


36 


37 


35 


35 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29 


28.5 


27.5 


28 


28 


28 


30 


30 


30.5 


32 I 34 


3t 


May 14... 5 


497 


498 ;499 502 1500 


498 


492 


494 !500 


499 


498 


499 


500 


503 


505 


511 


507 


503 


501 


501 


499 


498 496 


493 


497 498 i499 |502 


500 


498 


491 


495 ,500 


499 


498 


499 


500 


503 


505 


511 


507 


503 


501 


501 


499 


ids 495 


493 


Temp.... 


34 


34.5 34.5 34 


34 


33 


32 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29 


29 


28.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


31 


33 


35 


37 39 


42 


May 15... i 


492 
492 
43 


486 


485 .487 


479 


479 


479 


472 


467 


456 


457 


456 


466 


481 


482 


487 


493 


497 


489 


488 


483 


478 476 


470 


Temp 


41 


47.5 42.5 


46 


47 


48 


47 


47 


44 


42 


49 


39 


37.5 


37 


36 


36. 5 


37 


37 


37.5 


39 


40. 5 42 


43.5 


May 16. ..J 


472 


475 


479 


480 1481 


481 


483 


480 


473 


470 


470 


476 


484 


494 


501 


494 


499 


501 


499 


487 


482 


478 1476 


472 





475 


478 


480 


481 


481 


4P3 


480 


473 


470 


471 


476 


483 


494 


501 


494 


499 


501 


499 


487 


482 


478 !470 


473 


Temp... 


42 


42 


40 


39 


39 


39.5 


38 


38 


36 


35 


34 


33 


33 


33 


32.5 


33 


33.5 


34 


35 


37 


39 


41 I 42. 5 


44.5 


May 17.. .$ 


473 


471 


471 


471 


472 


473 


475 


476 


478 


479 


478 


479 


482 


483 


486 


486 


487 


492 


490 


487 


485 


486 ,4S6 


486 


473 471 


471 


471 


472 


473 


475 


470 1478 


479 


478 


479 


482 


483 


48G 


486 


487 


492 


490 


487 


485 


486 486 


486 


Temp 


44 43 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


40 


39 | 37.5 


36 


35 


33.5 


33 


33 


32 


32 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


32.5 


33 


34 


36 


May 18... J 


486 J491 


489 


494 


494 


493 


494 


494 494 


494 


495 


495 


496 


498 


500 


498 


501 


499 


497 


496 


494 


493 


491 


489 


486 


491 


490 


492 


493 


493 


494 


494 


494 


495 


495 


495 


496 


499 


500 


497 


501 


499 


497 


496 


494 


493 


491 


489 


Temp.... 


35. 5 


34.5 


35 


35 


35 


34 


33 


33 


32 


31 


30.5 


29 


29 


28.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


31 


31.5 


33.9 


34 


36 


38 


May 19... i 


490 


489 


491 


485 


486 


489 


491 


482 


481 


491 


492 


492 


501 


507 


508 


512 


506 


506 


503 


504 


494 


491 


489 


497 


490 


489 


491 


487 


486 


489 


491 


481 


481 


491 


492 


491 


502 


507 


508 


512 


506 


505 


503 


504 


493 


491 


469 


488 


Temp 


37 


38 


38.5 


38 


38 


36 


35 


34 


33 


31 


29.5 


28 


26 


25 


24 


25 


26.5 


28 


30 


31.5 


32.5 


35 


36.5 


38 


May 20... £ 


487 


493 


489 


489 


489 


490 


490 


486 


488 


489 


490 


491 


494 


494 


496 


498 


498 


499 


496 


492 


497 


482 


479 


479 


488 


493 


490 


489 


489 


489 


487 


486 


488 


489 


489 


491 


494 


494 


496 


498 


498 


499 


495 


492 


497 


483 


479 


479 


Temp 


39 


38 


37.5 


37 


37 


36 


37 


36 


34 


33 


31 


30 


28 


27 


26 


26 


27.5 


29 


31.5 


32.5 


35 


35.5 


38 


40 


May21...£ 


480 


479 


471 


■- ■ II 


510 


512 


514 


515 


517 


521 


528 


533 


548 


550 


547 


600 


593 


567 


566 


560 


552 


548 


549 


548 


479 


479 


471 





509 


512 


514 


514 


516 


519 


528 


533 


548 


550 


547 


600 


592 


567 


566 


560 


552 


548 


550 


548 


Temp 


42 


43.5 


45 


---II 


45 


46.5 


46 


42.5 


40.5 


37 


34 


31.5 


31 


29.5 


28 


28.5 


29 


30 


32 


34 


35.5 


36.5 


39 


42 


May 22 . . £ 


545 


543 


537 


529 534 


536 


540 


544 


541 


550 


546 


551 


563 


550 


559 


567 


561 


559 


555 


553 


553 


552 


552 


551 


547 


543 


535 


529 535 


538 


540 


545 


541 


550 


546 


552 


563 


550 


559 


567 


561 


558 


555 


553 


553 


552 


552 


551 


Temp.... 


42.5 


44 


45 


44 43 


42.5 


39. 5 


37 


35 


33 


32 


30.5 


30 


29.5 


29 


29 


30 


30 


31 


32 


32 


33 


34 


35 


May23... $ 


553 551 


553 


550 ]550 


549 


545 


550 


544 


546 


550 


547 


550 


560 


560 


562 


560 


565 


559 


554 


552 


552 


551 


550 


553 |551 


553 


550 !550 


548 


545 


550 


544 


546 


550 


547 


550 


560 


560 


562 


559 


565 


559 


554 


552 


552 


551 


550 


Temp 


36 37 


37 


37 37 


37 


36 


35 


32 


32 


31.5 


31 


30 


30 


20.5 


30 


30 


31 


33 


34 


34.5 


35 


37 


38 


May 24... i 


550 !549 


550 


549 5 19 


549 


550 


550 


551 


550 


549 


547 


548 


553 


550 


558 


557 


558 


555 


549 


547 


544 


549 


548 


550 


549 


550 


549 1549 


549 


550 


550 


551 


550 


549 


547 


548 


553 


557 


558 


557 


558 


555 


549 


547 


547 


550 


548 


Temp.... 


39 


40 


41 


41 


41 


41 


39.5 


38 


36 


34 


33.5 


32.5 


31.5 


31.5 


30.5 


31 


31.6 


32 


33 


35 


36.5 


38 


40 


42 


May 25... 5 


548 


548 


.549 


548 


547 


547 


548 


548 


547 


548 


549 


547 


548 


553 


553 


555 


555 


552 


549 


547 


546 


545 


544 


543 


548 


548 


549 


548 


547 


547 


548 


548 


547 


548 


549 


547 


548 


553 


553 


555 


555 


552 


549 


547 


546 


545 


544 


543 


Temp.... 


43 


43 


44 


44.5 


44 


43.5 


42.5 


41 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36.5 


36 


36 


37 


37 


38.5 


38.5 


40.5 


41.5 


43.5 


46 


48 


May26...| 


543 


541 


541 


512 


543 


541 


540 


541 


539 


537 


537 


540 


546 


543 


548 


548 


549 


556 


549 


544 


542 


541 


541 


541 


543 


541 


541 


542 


543 


541 


540 


541 


539 


537 


536 


540 


545 


543 


548 


548 


549 


556 


549 


543 


542 


541 


541 


541 


Temp 


50 


51 


51 


50 


48.5 


49 


48.5 


46 


44 


43 


41 


40 


39.5 


39 


39 


39 


39.5 


40 


40.5 


43 


43.5 


45.5 


47 


48 


May 27... £ 


541 


541 


541 


542 543 


543 


543 


543 


545 


543 


540 


542 


545 


552 


552 


552 


548 


548 


548 


547 


546 


543 


540 


541 


541 


541 


541 


542 


543 


543 


543 


543 


545 


543 


537 


543 


545 


551 


552 


552 


548 


548 


548 


547 


546 


543 


540 


541 


Temp 


49 


50 


50 


49 


48 


47 


46 


44 


41.5 


39.5 


38.5 


38 


37 


36 


35 


35.5 


37 


37 


37.5 


39 


40 


42 


44.5 


46 


May 28.. i 


543 


542 


541 


541 


543 


543 


542 


541 


544 


539 


539 


542 


546 


553 


552 


551 


550 


547 


555 


548 


344 


544 


543 


543 


543 


542 


541 


541 


544 


543 


542 


541 


544 


539 


540 


542 


546 


553 


551 


551 


550 


546 


555 


548 


544 


544 


543 


542 


Temp.... 


48 


49 


50 


49 


45.5 


46 


45 


43 


42 


41 


39 


38 


37.5 


37 


36 


36.5 


36.5 


39 


36.5 


42 


44 


47 


48.5 


51 


May 29... 5 


541 


540 


541 


540 


532 


534 


534 


533 


533 


535 


541 


539 


541 


542 


546 


543 


547 


549 


545 


543 


544 


543 


543 


543 


541 


540 


541 


540 


532 


534 


535 


533 


533 


535 


543 


539 


541 


542 


546 


543 


547 


549 


545 


543 


544 


543 


543 


543 


Temp 


53 


^4 


54.5 


54 


52 


51 


49.5 


46 


44 


43 


41 


39 


38 


37.5 


37 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


38.5 


39 


39 


49 


40.5 


41 


May30... J 


543 


543 


543 


545 


545 


541 


541 


542 


541 


542 


539 


540 


540 


538 


540 


550 


548 


550 


544 


540 


340 


539 


538 


541 


543 


543 


544 


545 


545 


541 


541 


542 


541 


542 


539 


540 


540 


538 


546 


549 


548 


550 


544 


540 


540 


539 


538 


540 


Temp 


41 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


39 


39 


38 


38 


37.5 


37 


36.5 


36 


36 


37 


37.5 


38 


39 


38.5 


39 


39 


41 


May31...5 


540 


539 539 


540 


540 


540 


533 


532 


531 


531 


531 


540 


543 


543 


543 


547 


549 


546 


545 


542 


538 


537 


537 


536 


540 


539 539 


540 


540 


540 


533 


532 


531 


531 


537 


540 


543 


543 


543 


547 


549 


546 


545 


542 


538 


537 


537 


536 


Temp 


41 


42 


43 


42 


41 


41 
513. 5 


39.5 39 
513. 5 512. 5 


37 
511.8 


38 


37 


36 


36 


35 


35 
523.7 


35 


35.5 


36 


37 


38 


39.5 


41.5 


42 


44.5 


Magnet'r 


514.5 


514. 2 


514.0 


514. 8 


514.7 


512.4 


513.2 


514.8 


518.7 


521.3 


526.6 


526.3 


525.6 


523. 7 


520.5 


517. 5 1 


515.6 


514.8 


513.8 


Temp.... 


37.0 


37.3 


38.0 


37.0 


37.0 


36.6 


35.6 34.5 


33.1 


31.9 


30.7 


29.5 


28.8 


28.2 


27.6 


27.7 


28.21 


29.0 


29.8 


31.1 


32.4 


33.8 


35.5 


37.3 



ODe division of scale up to May 3, 23", .0003031 ; between May 4 and 21, .0001926 ; and after May 21, 3", .0001948 Average for month, .0002031 
part of the vertical force. Monthly means : Temperature, 32°. 8 ; magnetometer, 517.2 



52-i 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 





Hourly 


rea 


dings of the BrooTce balance magnetometer, 


TJgl 


%amie, Alaska, June, 1883. 






Date. 1 ' 


l h 


2 h 


3' 


4» 


5 h 


& 


71, 


S* 


9" 


10 b 


ll h 


Noon. 


13" 


14b 


15k 


16" 


l 7 h 


18" 


18* 


20 h 


21& 


22" 


1 
23» 


June 1... { 


536 
536 
45 


537 


534 


533 


533 


530 


530 


532 


535 


532 


531 


534 


534 


537 


532 


534 


538 


543 


540 


542 


531 


517 


518 


517 


Temp — 


44 


49 


51 


52 


52 


52 


48 


45.5 


48.5 


48 


45 


45 


45 


45 


44 


45 


46.5 


47.5 


50 


51 


53 


54 


55 


June 2... J 


519 523 


525 


529 


531 


530 


529 


515 


520 


522 


529 


531 


539 


538 


546 


551 


550 


562 


562 i559 


558 


544 


536 


537 


.... 1523 


525 


529 


531 


531 


529 


515 


521 


523 


528 


531 


539 


538 


547 


551 


550 


562 


561 ]559 


558 


544 


536 


537 


Temp 


55 


53.5 


52 


50.5 


48 


48 


47 


45 


43 


42 


41 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


37 


37.5 38 ' 


39 


40 


41.5 


43 


June 3 ... 5 


538 


538 


537 


537 


534 


533 


534 535 


533 


536 


550 


535 


537 


541 


540 


541 


543 


543 


551 


542 


539 


537 


537 


537 


538 


538 


537 


537 


534 


533 


534 535 


533 


536 


550 


535 


537 


541 


540 


541 


543 


543 


551 


542 


539 


537 


538 


537 


Temp.... 


44.5 


47.5 


49 


48 


48 


47.5 


47 


44 


42.5 


41.5 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


37, 


38 


38 


39.5 


40 


41 


42 


43 


June 4 ... 5 


537 


538 


538 


538 


539 


539 


539 


539 


539 


539 


539 


542 


542 


547 


547 


546 


546 


545 


544 


543 


541 


510 


538 


537 


537 ' 


538 


538 


538 


539 


539 


538 


540 


539 


539 


539 


542 


542 


547 


547 


546 


546 


545 


544 


543 


541 


5J9 


538 


537 


Temp 


44 


43 


43 


42 


40.5 


40.5 


40 


39 


37 


36.5 


35 


33 


32.5 


32 


32 


32 


32 


32 


34 


35.5 


37 


39 


41 


42.5 


June 5... < 


536 


535 


535 


535 


533 


534 


534 535 


535 


536 


537 


537 


538 


539 


540 


541 


541 


541 


540 


539 


538 


537 


535 


534 


536 


536 


535 


534 


533 


534 


534 !535 


535 


536 


537 


537 


538 


539 


540 


541 


541 


541 


540 


539 


538 


537 


535 


534 


Temp.... 


44.5 


46 


47 


47.5 


48 


47 


46 


44 


44 


42 


39 


37 


33.5 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


35 


35. 5 


36.5 


39 


40 


41.5 


43 


45 


June 6 . . 5 


533 


532 532 


530 


531 


532 


533 


534 


530 


531 


538 


544 


547 


539 


539 


541 


511 


511 


535 


539 


531 


530 


529 


527 


533 


532 [532 


531 


531 


532 


533 


534 


529 


531 


538 


544 


547 


540 


539 


540 


541 


540 


535 


539 


531 


530 


529 


527 


Temp.... 


45.5 


46 | 48 


49 


48 


48.5 47 


45 


44 


43 


41 


39.5 


39 


38 


38 


38.5 


40 


41 


43 


45 


45 


47 


48.5 


51 


June 7 ... J 


527 


526 527 


526 


527 


524 527 


524 


520 


523 


520 


528 


530 


533 


534 


538 


536 


534 


532 


530 


528 


528 


527 


527 


527 


526 527 


526 


527 


524 


527 


524 


521 


523 


526 


528 


530 


533 


535 


538 


536 


534 


532 


530 


528 


528 


527 


527 


Temp... 


52 


52 


53 


53 


53 


53.5 


52 


49 


48 


46 


44 


43 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


43.5 


45 


46.5 


50 


T Q *\ 


528 ' 


527 


527 


529 


531 


532 


532 


532 


532 


533 


532 


532 


532 


531 


536 . 


540 


542 


538 


540 


533 


527 


527 


528 


528 


June 8...} 52g 


527 


527 


529 


531 


532 


532 ' 


532 


533 


533 


532 


532 


532 


530 


536 


540 


542 


538 


541 


533 


527 


527 


528 


528 


Temp.... 


50 


49 


49 


48 


46 


46 


45 


43 


42 


41 


40 


39 


38.5 


38 


37.5 


38 


38 


39 


40 


40.5 


41.5 


43 


44 


47 


June 9... < 


528 


529 


529 


529 


530 


532 


527 


530 


529 


528 


525 


530 


530 


534 


543 


544 


513 


543 


544 


545 


537 


530 


531 


531 


528 


529 


529 


529 


530 


532 


527 


530 


529 


529 


526 


530 


530 


534 


544 


544 


513 


543 


544 


545 


537 


530 


531 


531 


Temp.... 


46 


46 


46 


46 


45 


44 


43 


41 


41 


40 


38 


37.5 


37 


36.5 


36 


36 


36 


36 


36 


37 


37 


39 


40.5 


43 


June 10..$ 


532 


531 


532 


533 


532 


531 


530 


531 


531 


532 


532 


532 


532 


534 


534 


533 


535 


533 


531 


530 


527 


526 


525 


523 


532 


531 


532 


533 


532 


531 


531 


531 


531 


532 


532 


532 


532 


534 


535 


534 


535 


533 


531 


530 


527 


526 


525 


522 


Temp 


43 


44 


44.5 


45 


45 


44.5 


43.5 


42.5 


41.5 


40.5 


39 


38 


37.5 


37.5 


37.5 


38 


39 


40 


41 


42 


44 


46 


48 


51 


June 11.. J 


522 


522 


522 


524 


523 


523 


520 


517 


516 


518 


518 


521 


522 


528 


529 


533 


535 


535 


534" 


529 


528 


527 


526 


525 


522 


522 


522 


524 


523 


523 


520 


517 


516 


518 


518 


521 


522 


528 


529 


533 


535 


535 


533 


529 


528 


527 


520 


525 


Temp.... 


53 


54 


54 


54 


54 


53.5 


52 


49.5 


47 


44 


42.5 


42 


41 


40 


39.5 


39.5 


39.5 


40.5 


42 


43.5 44.5 


45 


46.5 


48 


June 12.. J 


525 


524 


525 


525 


525 


526 


527 [528 


529 


529 


529 


529 


531 


533 


534 


537 


535 


533 


532 


532 


531 


530 


528 


528 


525 


524 


525 


525 


525 


526 


527 528 


529 


529 


529 


529 


531 


533 


534 


537 


535 


533 


532 


532 


531 


530 


528 


628 


Temp 


49 


49.5 49.5 


50 


49.5 


48.5 


46 I 44 


43 


43 


42 


41 


40.5 


39.5 


39.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


41.5 


42 


43 


44 


June 13.. J 


528 


528 !527 


526 


526 


528 


531 528 


528 


530 


531 


530 


530 


530 


532 


533 


534 


535 


533 


529 


528 


527 


526 


525 


528 


528 (527 


526 


526 


528 


531 528 


528 


531 


531 


530 


530 


530 


532 


533 


534 


535 


533 


529 


528 


527 


526 


526 


Temp.... 


46 


46 47 


47 


47 


46 


45 


42.5 


43 


42 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


42 


43 


44 


45 


46 


48 


June 14.. i 


525 


527 '527 


529 


532 


530 529 


529 528 


523 


529 


530 


532 


534 


535 


533 


536 


543 


537 534 


532 


530 


530 


530 


525 


527 527 


529 


532 


529 1529 


529 529 


523 


529 


530 


532 


534 


535 


533 


537 


543 


537 534 


532 


530 


530 


530 


Temp.... 


48 


47 49 


47 


45 


45 | 44 


43 ( 42.5 


41 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


39.5 


40 


40.5 


40.5 


42 


44 


44.5 


June 15.. 5 
Temp 


530 
530 
45 


528 


526 


526 


525 


525 ;524 


524 524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


525 


526 


527 


527 


530 


529 


528 


527 


525 
50 


525 
51 


523 


48 


51.5 


52 


53 


52 52. 5 


51.5 51.5 


49 


49 


48 


47 


47 


47 


46 


47 


46 


46.5 


48 


48 


53 


June 16.. J 


523 


523 525 


526 


527 


527 527 !528 529 


530 


530 


531 


532 


533 


534 


534 


534 


534 


534 


530 


526 


528 


527 


525 




523 1525 


526 


528 


528 527 ,528 529 


530 


530 


531 


532 


533 


534 


534 


534 


534 


534 


530 


526 


528 


527 


525 


Temp 


53~ 


52.5 


51.5 


50 


48 


47.5 46 


44.5 45 


43 


42.5 


41.5 


41 


41 


40 


40.5 


40.5 


41 


41 


42.5 


43.5 


45.5 


48 


50.5 


TllTIA 17 5 


526 


527 


526 


529 


520 


520 510 


515 515 


517 


521 


526 


532 


534 


535 


535 


537 


542 


546 


535 


531 


529 


525 


523 


June 17..^ K 


527 


526 529 


519 


520 510 


514 1515 


517 


521 


526 


532 


534 


535 


535 


538 


542 


546 


535 


531 


527 


525 


523 


Temp 


51 


51 


50.5 


50 


49 


49 ' 47.5 


46 1 44 


43 


42 


41 


39.5 


38 


38 


38 


38 


39 


39.5 


41 


43 


45 


46 


48 


June 18.. $ 


523 


515 


524 


520 


516 


521 517 


496 '502 


514 


536 


533 


547 


533 


533 


538 


548 


546 


544 


539 


530 


526 


528 


527 


523 


513 


523 


519 


516 


521 ! 516 


495 '503 


514 


539 


533 


548 


533 


533 


538 


548 


547 


544 


539 


530 


525 


528 


527 


Temp... | 50 


52 


53 


53 


54 


53 i 52 


50 1 48 


46.5 


46 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


40.5 


41 


41.5 


43 


44 


45 


46 


June 19 5 528 


530 


529 


529 


527 


528 529 


518 519 


526 


530 


530 


526 


533 


535 


540 


542 


544 


543 


535 


534 


531 


530 


531 


O U J 1A XiJ - . < 


529 


530 1529 


529 


526 


527 529 


517 519 


526 


530 


528 


526 


534 


535 


546 


542 


514 


543 


535 


535 


532 


530 


531 


Temp.... 


47 


48 j 48 


47.5 


47 


47 46 


44 ; 42 


41 


40 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


38 


38 


38 


39 


41 


43 


46 


48 


June 20.. J 


530 


528 529 


527 


529 


529 ;529 528 521 


529 


531 


531 


534 


533 


535 


537 


538 


543 


546 


534 


527 


520 


526 


527 


530 


528 J529 


527 


529 


529 528 528 521 


529 


531 


531 


534 


533 


535 


538 


538 


543 


547 


535 


527 


524 


526 


527 


' Temp.... 


49 


50 ! 51 


50 


49.5 


48 | 47 | 44. 5 44 


42 


41 


40 


39 


38 


38 


38 


38.5 


39 


40.5 


41.5 43 


44 


48 


49.5 


June 21.. 5 


527 


528 528 


525 


526 


527 1529 ! 524 528 


530 


531 


532 532 


534 


535 


536 


536 


536 


535 


533 532 


530 


530 


529 


527 


528 '528 


525 


526 


527 '529 !525 528 


530 


531 


532 


532 


534 


535 


536 


536 


535 


535 


533 : 532 


530 


530 


529 


Temp 


50.5 


53.5 53 


52 


52 


50. 5 49 1 47 ! 45. 5 


44 


42 


40 


40 


40 


39 


39 


38 


38 


39 


39 ! 41 


43 


45 


48 


•Tim a 99 ) 


530 


529 528 '528 


527 527 528 '529 530 


531 


530 


531 


532 


533 


534 


534 


537 


541 


534 


533 530 


529 


527 


529 


June 12,..^ 53() 


529 528 528 


527 ! 527 528 529 530 


531 


530 


531 


532 


533 


534 


534 


538 


541 


534 


539 530 


529 


527 


529 


Temp | 49 


50 | 51 


51 


49. 5 49 1 47 ! 45 ,43 


42 


41 


40 


39 


38 


38 


38 


38 


38 


39 


39.5 31 


43 


45 


45.5 


.Tirnn 93 5 ' 529 


531 


530 


528 


513 


513 518 


511 


515 


522 


528 


535 


531 


536 


542 


543 


539 


535 


533 


531 532 


531 


531 


532 


Juno .6..^ 52g 531 


530 


528 1513 


514 518 


510 


515 


522 


528 


536 


530 


536 


542 


543 


540 


535 


534 


532 


532 


531 


531 


532 


Temp 


45.5 


45.5 


46.5 


46 


45 


44 | 43 


41 


40 


39 


39 


38 


38 


38.5 


39 


39 


38 


38 


39 


39 


39 


40 


40 


41 


June 24.. \ 


531 


530 


532 


530 


530 


532 529 


531 


529 


531 


532 


531 


529 


533 


533 


533 


537 


540 


536 


534 


531 


530 


531 


531 


531 


530 


532 


530 


530 


532 529 531 


529 1531 


532 


531 


529 


533 


533 


533 


537 


540 


536 


534 


531 


530 


531 


531 


Temp.... 


42 


43 


42 


42 


42 


42 ! 42 


41 


41 41 


40 


40 


39 


39 


38 


38 


38 


38 


38 


39 


40 


42 


43 


43 


June 25.. \ 


530 531 


531 


531 


529 


530 530 


531 


530 |531 


531 


531 


531 


531 


532 


533 


539 


542 


546 


543 


537 


535 


532 


532 


530 ! 531 


531 


531 


528 


530 530 


531 


530 531 


531 


531 


531 


531 


532 


534 


539 


542 


546 


545 


536 


534 


532 


532 


Temp.... 


44.5 


45 


46 


46 


46 


46 i 45 


43 


42.5 


42 


41 


40. 5 


40 


40 


39 


39 


38.5 


38 


39 


39 


40 


41 


41 


41 


June 26.. £ 


532 


533 


534 


531 


531 


532 532 


532 


533 


530 


530 


527 


530 


532 


536 


535 


539 


543 


541 533 


530 


529 


531 


531 


532 


533 


534 


531 


531 


532 !532 


532 


533 


530 


529 


527 


530 


532 


536 


535 


539 


544 


540 |533 


530 


529 


531 


531 


Temp 


42 


41.5 


43 


44.5 


44.5 


44.5 44 


43 


42 


42 


41 


41 


40 


40 


40 


40 


39 


39 


39.5 40 


41 


41 


41 


42 


June 27.. \ 


532 


532 


532 


533 


533 


532 530 517 


527 


526 


521 


533 


540 


540 


547 


545 


545 


538 


541 1533 


539 


538 


532 


530 


532 


532 


532 


533 


533 


531 1530 1517 


527 


526 


522 


534 


539 


540 


548 


545 


545 


538 


541 [533 


538 


538 


531 


531 


Temp.... 


42 


42 


42 


42 


41.5 


41 41.5 


40 


41 


41 


40 


40 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41 


42 


43 43 


43 


44 


45 


45 


June 28.. J 


531 


529 


528 


521 


522 


525 522 


526 


528 


530 


529 


531 


542 


537 


531 


534 


535 


536 


528 J524 


523 


523 


521 


520 


529 !528 


528 


521 


522 


525 522 


526 


528 


530 


529 


531 


543 


537 


531 


534 


535 


536 


527 1524 


523 


523 


521 


520 


Temp... 


46. 5i 46 


47 


46.5 46.5 


45 44 


43 


43 


42 


42 


41.5 


42 


42 


42 


43 


43 


44 


47.5] 49 


51.5 


53.5 


55 


57 


June 29.. \ 


519 1520 


520 


518 


517 


517 


517 


516 


517 


517 


513 


514 


516 


520 


523 


525 


529 


532 


526 524 


521 


520 


518 


517 


520 520 


520 


518 


517 


517 


517 


516 


517 


517 


513 


514 


518 


520 


523 


525 


529 


532 


525 524 


521 


520 


518 


516 


Temp.... 


59 1 59 


59 


59 


58 


58.5 


57 


55.5 


55 


52 


50.5 


50 


49.5 


49 


48 


48 


47.5 


47 


46.5 47 


48V 


49.5 


51 


54 


June 30.. \ 


517 520 


520 


519 


520 


521 


522 


512 


513 


512 


526 


522 


530 


535 


537 


546 


543 


544 


543 


548 


53iT 


529 


528 


526 


517 520 


520 


519 


520 


522 


522 


512 


513 


512 


524 


523 


530 


535 


537 


546 


543 


544 


543 


546 


533 


529 


526 


528 


Temp 


56 1 55 
528. 4528. 3 


54 


54 


54.5 


54 


53 


50 


50 


49 


48 


47 


46.5 


46 


45 


45.5 


45 


45 


44.5 


44 


45 


45 
529.6 


47 
52S.5 


49 


Magnet'r 


528. 6528. 1 


527. 3 527. 8 527. 1 


524.9 


525. 5 


527.1 


529.7 


530.6 


532.8 


534. 535. 7 


537.6 


53S. 8 


539. 8 


538.7 


535.6 


531.9 


528.0 


Temp.... 


47. 8 48. 1 


48.7 48.5 


48.0 


47. 6 46. 6 


44.8 


43.9 


42.8 


41.8 


40.9 


40.3 


39.8 39.6 

1 


39.4 


39.4 


39.8 


40.6 


41.6 


42.7 


44.0 


45.4 


47.0 



(One division oi' scale .0001948 part of the vertical force. Monthly means: Temperature, 43°. 7 ; magnetometer, 531.0 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



525 



Hourly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, Uglaamie, Alaska, July, 18S3. 



Date. 


h 


l h 


2* 


3* 


4" 


5 b 


6" 


7 h 


8" 


9" 


10 h 


11" NoonJ 13" ' 14* 


15* 


16'' IT* 


lS h 19 b 


20* 


21* 22* 23* 


Jnly 1„{ 


525 
525 


519 


499 


500 


511 


1 

515 


502 


518 


517 


512 


509 


1 | 
520 ,538 536 538 


545 


547 557 


i 
558 503 554 


1 
543 534 534 


Temp 1 50 


55 57. 5 


58 


58 


57 


58 


54 


56 


55 


53.5 


53 1 53 1 51 51 


50 j 5i 1 52 


53 55 1 56 


>s vl d9 


T „,„ 9 <529 


518 519 


519 


515 


516 


525 


527 


528 


532 


539 


541 514 541 542 


544 ,545 |545 


545 '546 545 


548 547 545 


July 2.. J 51 , 


518 


519 


515 


518 


526 


527 


527 


532 


541 


541 544 541 542 


541 545 545 


545 546 '548 


548 549 545 


■ Temp 59 


56 


53 


50 


48 


47 


40 


45 


45 


45 


44 


43 43 ' 42.5 43 


42. 5 42 41. 5 


42 41.5 42 


43.5 43 44.5 


July Z..m 


548 


548 


548 


548 


549 


548 


548 


548 


549 


546 


542 543 544 548 


552 553 550 


548 543 542 


540 539 ;540 


547 


548 


548 


548 


549 


548 


518 


550 


549 


546 


543 543 514 548 


553 ! 553 1550 


547 543 '541 


540 539 541 


Temp.... 43.5 44 


44 


45 


44.5 


44.5 


44 


43 


44 


43 


42 


42 42 i 42 ; 42 


42. 5, 42 42. 5 


44 1 45.5 48 


50 52 | 54 


,„,„ . 5 541 542 


543 


540 


538 


539 


540 


539 


539 


539 


540 


540 543 543 548 


550 551 552 


550 548 546 


.346 510 543 


July 4..J| 541 


542 


543 


539 


539 


539 


540 


539 


539 


539 


540 


540 543 544 


548 


550 551 552 


550 548 540 


546 516 543 


Temp j 54. 5 


55 


55 


55 


55 


53 


51.5 


49 


48 


48 


40.5 


46 ! 45. 5 44. 5 


44 


44.5 44.5 44.5 


45. 5 45 


46.5 


47.5 48 49 


July 5.. {|*2 


542 


546 


544 


543 


544 


546 


544 


540 


541 


541 


542 516 548 


553 


556 555 560 


561 1562 


559 


548 543 544 


542 


546 


544 


543 


544 


546 


544 


540 


542 


541 


542 1546 548 


553 


556 555 '560 


561 562 


559 


548 543 1544 


Temp 50 


52 


53 


51.5 


50 


49 


48 


46 


46 


45 


44 


43 i 43 43 


42.5 


42.5 42 


42.5 


43 I 44 


45 


47.5 50 49 


T,.W fi f 546 


548 


548 


541 


514 


546 


547 


542 


547 


545 


546 


548 553 556 


553 ' 


555 


556 


556 


553 551 


549 


548 549 549 


J uly b . . < 


545 


548 


548 


541 '543 


546 


547 


543 


547 1545 


546 


549 1553 556 


553 


555 


556 


555 


553 '551 


549 


548 549 549 


Temp 


48.5 


49 


48 


48 47 


46.5 


45 


43.5 


43.5 43 


42.5 


42 41. 5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


40.5 


41 i 42.5 


42. 5 


43 ! 45 46 


July 7..{ 


549 


547 


547 


544 543 


542 


542 


543 


543 


542 


543 


544 545 


546 


547 


546 


546 


550 


555 550 


550 


545 541 541 


549 


547 


547 


544 


544 


542 !542 


543 


543 


542 


543 


544 '545 


546 


547 


546 


546 


550 


555 550 


549 


544 541 541 


Temp 


46 


48 


49 


50 


51 


51 50 


49 


49 


4S 


47 


46 1 45.5! 45 


45 


45.5 


45. 5 


46 


48 48 


49.5 


50.5 53 54 


July 8.-£ 


542 


541 


540 


541 


540 


540 542 


536 


532 


529 


535 


533 539 545 


553 


554 


568 


559 


558 553 


552 


553 550 548 


542 


541 


540 


541 


540 


540 542 J534 


532 


529 


535 


534 (540 545 


554 


554 


570 


559 


558 553 


552 


553 550 548 


Temp.... 


53 


52 


52 


53 


53.5 


53.5; 54 53 


53.5! 53 


52 


51 1 50.5! 50 


48 


46 


45 


43.5 


44 43.5 


43 


43.5 44 45 


July 9..{ 


549 


550 


550 


549 


548 


547 547 547 


548 1548 


519 


548 549 551 


552 


552 


552 


550 


550 |550 


549 


547 547 546 


549 


550 


549 


549 


549 


547 1547 547 


548 :548 


549 


548 '549 551 


552 


552 


551 


550 


550 550 


549 


547 547 545 


Temp.... 


46 


46.5 


40.5 


47 


46. 5 


46. 5 40. 5 : 45 


45 44 


43 


4?. 5 43 42 


42 


43 


44 


45 


46 47 


48 


49 49.5 51.5 


July 10 .A 


544 


543 


544 


546 


550 


547 540 548 


541 '535 


541 


553 1552 553 


553 


554 


555 


555 


556 554 


554 


553 552 551 


544 


543 


544 


516 


550 


546 


540 548 


542 ;533 


542 


553 ! 552 |553 


553 


555 


555 


555 


556 554 


554 


553 552 551 


Temp.... 


51.5 


51.5 


51 


49 


48 


47 


45.5 43 


43 1 42 


40 


39.5 39 39 


39 


39 


38.5 


38.5 


39.5' 39.5 


40 


41 | 42 44 


July 11 .A 


549 


550 


544 


540 


544 


546 


547 


547 


549 1548 


548 


549 547 548 


548 


550 


549 


549 


549 549 


548 


549 546 545 


550 


550 


544 


540 ;544 


545 


547 


548 


549 548 


548 


548 '547 548 


548 


550 


549 


549 


549 ;549 


549 549 !546 545 


Temp 


45.5 


47 


48 


47 47. 5 


47.5 47.5 


46 


45. 5 45 


44 


43 j 43 43 


43 


43.5 


43.5 


44 


45 ! 45. 5 


46 47 1 48 50 


T 1 ifl C 


547 


547 


537 


545 543 ; 531 538 


544 


540 542 


542 


546 548 '550 


550 


551 


551 


552 


552 553 


553 552 551 550 


Julyl2..^, 547 


547 


538 


545 543 |531 


538 


545 


540 542 


542 


546 '518 J550 


550 


551 


551 


552 


552 553 


553 552 551 550 


Temp 


50.5 


52 


52 


51 


51 50.5 


49.5 


47 


46 i 45 


44 


43 43 1 42. 5 


42 


42 


41 


41 


41.5 41.5 


42 43 , 44 46 


July 13.. $ 


550 


550 


550 


549 


549 549 


550 


551 


551 1547 


549 


551 553 |553 


558 


558 


560 


562 


558 556 


554 '552 548 548 


550 


550 


550 


550 


549 549 


550 


551 


550 1546 


548 


550 ! 553 |553 


558 


558 


561 


563 


558 555 


554 549 550 548 


Temp 


46 


45 


45 


45.5 


46 


46 


45.5 


44 


44 44 


43 


42.5 42.5 42.5 


42 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


43 ! 44.5 45 40 


July 14 .. i 


548 


548 


545 


546 


544 


545 


547 


549 


548 ! 548 


547 


554 


552 ,557 


558 


559 


562 


562 


560 


552 


548 548 ,547 546 


548 548 


544 


545 


544 


546 


547 


549 


548 548 


546 


554 


550 557 


557 


559 


562 


562 


561 


552 


548 548 547 546 


Temp 


46 47 


50 


51 


51 


51 


50 


48 


47.5 46 


45 


43.5 


42.5 42 


42 


44 


43.5 


43.5 


44.5 


45 


47 49 ■ 51.5 53 


July 15 . . { 
Temp... 


545 
545 
53 


546 


514 


543 


539 


544 


542 


545 


544 i542 


543 


545 


543 542 


543 


544 


546 


556 


563 


549 


543 539 539 535 


53 


55 


55 


59.5 


54 


57 ; 52 




55.5 54 


53 


51 


53 _53 


52 


52 


52 


52 


52 


53 


54 1 55 56 ' 56. 5 


July 16 .A 


545 544 


543 


542 


543 


541 


531 536 


540 543 


542 


547 


551 555 


553 


553 


555 


563 


563 


556 


561 550 1.549 550 


'544 542 


542 


543 


540 532 536 


540 


543 


542 


547 


552 555 


553 


553 


556 


563 


564 


555 


503 550 549 559 
42. 5 42. 5: 43 4» 


Temp.... 


58 1 56 53 


53.5 


51 


50 I 49 1 47 


46.5 


45.5 


45 


44 


43.5 43 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


42 


42 


41.5 


July 17 .A 


550 550 550 


550 


547 546 |549 548 


549 


518 


550 


550 


554 554 


555 


556 


559 


557 


554 


552 


550 550 |549 548 


550 550 !550 


550 


546 ,546 549 548 


550 


548 


551 


550 


554 554 


556 


556 


560- 


557 


554 


552 


550 550 i548 548 


Temp... 


46 46. 5| 47. 5 48 


47.5 47 1 46.5 45 


44.5 


43.5 


42 


41 


41 40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


43 


46 ! 47. 5: 49. 5 52 


July If, .A 


545 546 546 |545 


545 


547 545 545 


548 


547 


542 


543 


548 550 


553 


553 


555 


552 


552 


556 


568 :655 |543 543 


545 546 546 :545 


545 


547 546 546 


548 


547 


542 


543 


548 550 


553 


553 


555 


552 


551 


556 


564 554 544 543 


Temp 


52 52 52 1 51. 5 


51 


50.5 


49.5 48.5 


47 


46 


45 


44 


44 ! 44 


44.5 


45 


46.5 


47 


•49.5 


51 


53.5 53.5! 53.5 56 


July 19 .A 


543 542 


540 1521 


518 


533 


531 :535 


536 


537 


536 


546 


546 ,539 


546 


545 


548 


548 


547 


544 


543 542 ^540 540 


542 [543 


540 521 


517 


535 


532 536 


536 


537 


536 


546 


547 |540 


546 


545 


547 


548 


548 


544 


543' 543 ;540 541 


Temp 


57 1 57 


58 | 59.5 


61 


61 


60 ! 58 


56.5 


55 


53 


51 


50 


49 


48 


48 


47.5 


47.5 


48 


49 


50 51 1 52 52 


July 20.. i 


541 544 


543 ;545 


544 


545 


547 544 


546 


547 


546 


547 


550 


552 


557 


554 


556 


555 


553 


552 


552 ! 552 553 552 


543 544 


543 545 


544 


545 


547 546 


546 


548 


546 


547 


550 


552 


556 


554 


556 


555 


553 


552 


552 552 553 552 


Temp ... 


51 1 50 


52 1 50 


48.5 


48 


47 47 


46 


45 


44 


43 


43 


42.5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41.5 


41.5 


42 42 j 42. 5 43 


July 21 .A 


553 554 


555 553 


552 


552 


552 552 


552 


552 


553 


553 


553 


553 


553 


555 


556 


556 


555 


555 


554 552 552 550 


554 554 


555 552 |552 


552 


553 552 


552 


553 


553 


553 553 


553 


553 


556 


556 


556 


556 


555 


553 552 '552 550 


Temp.... 


43 


43 


43 


43.5' 44 


43.5 


43 42 


41.5 


41.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


40 


40.5 


41 


41.5 


43 ' 43. 5 44 1 45 


July 22 .. { 


551 


552 


553 


554 554 


554 


555 !554 


553 


554 


555 


555 


555 


555 


556 


556 


557 


558 


555 


554 


554 553 553 553 


552 


552 


553 


554 554 


555 


556 '554 


553 


555 


555 


555 


555 


555 


556 


556 


557 


557 


555 


554 


554 553 !553 553 


Temp ... 


45 


44 


44 


43.5 43 


42 


41.5 41 


40.5 


39.5 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39.5 


39 


39.5 


40 


40 


41 42 I 43 43 


July 23 -A 


552 


552 


552 


552 552 


552 


552 553 


553 


552 


552 


553 


553 


554 


555 


555 


555 


555 


555 


554 


552 551 !551 549 


552 


552 


552 


553 552 


552 . 


552 553 


553 


552 


552 


553 


553 


554 


555 


555 


555 


555 


555 


554 


552 551 551 549 


Temp... 


44 1 45 


45 


45.5 45 


44.5 


43 1 42 


42 


41.5 


41 


39.5 


39 


39 


38.5 


38.5 


39 


39.5 


41 


42 


43.5 45 i 47 ! 47.5 


t„i^o^ S 549 i549 
July 24 -J^ >r A % 


548 


546 548 


548 


545 ,545 


540 


542 


543 


547 


550 


552 


554 . 


557 


560 


568 


570 


567 


558 552 549 |547 


547 


546 548 


547 


546 545 


540 


542 


543 


547 


550 


552 


554 


557 


560 


509 


571 


567 


558 552 548 '547 


Temp.... 50.5 51.5 


52.5 


52 I 50 


49.5 


49 1 46 


43 


41 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


39 


40 


39 


39 


40 


40.5 


41. 5 44 ! 46. 5 48 


T , „- S '548 '549 
jBl y 25..}| 548 5i5 


547 


546 540 


544 


543 


544 


543 


544 


545 


546 


548 


546 


552 


554 


556 


556 


552 


549 


550 549 548 548 


547 


546 [540 


544 


543 


544 


543 


545 


545 


546 


548 


546 


551 


554 


556 


556 


552 


550 


550 549 547 |547 


Temp....| 50 \ 51.5 


52 


52 52 


51.5 


51.5 


49 


48.5 


48 


46 


45 


44 


43.5 


43 


43.5 


43.5 


45 


46 


46.5 


47 : 49 ! 51. 5 52. 5 


Tr.i„oc S 548 546 
July26-| 51g - 16 


544 


544 ! 544 


544 


544 


544 


544 


546 


548 


549 


550 


553 


556 


554 


558 


569 


572 


564 


557 552 550 547 


544 544 544 


544 


544 


514 


544 


546 


548 


549 


550 


553 


556 


554 


558 


570 


572 


564 557 552 549 547 


Temp i 53. 5 54 


56 


55 i 54. 5 


54 


53 


51 


48 


46 


45 


43 


42.5 


42 


41 


41 


40.5 


41 


42.5 


43. 5 46 47. 5 49. 5 51 


w-fSfl To 


549 


548 548 


549 


548 


541 


539 


535 


544 


547 


552 


553 


553 


558 


554 


558 


559 


554 553 551 549 548 


549 


549 549 


549 


547 


541 


538 


535 


544 


548 


552 


553 


553 


558 


554 


558 


558 


554 


553 550 548 548 


Temp....| 52.5 52.5 


53 


52 51 


51.5 


51 


48.5 


48 


46 


45 


43.5 


43 


42.5 


42 


43 


42.5 


43 


44 


45 


46 47 49 | 49 


Jiilv 28 5 i 549 549 


549 547 '548 


547 


547 


548 


549 


550 


551 


551 


552 


553 


554 


555 


558 


556 


554 


553 


552 551 550 550 


Jul) ^s..fl 54 9 546 549 1547 1543 


547 


547 


548 


549 


550 


551 


551 


552 


553 


554 


555 


558 


556 554 


552 


552 551 ;550 1550 


Temp.--.! 49 1 49.5 


49.5! 49 i 49 


48.5 


48 


46 


44 


43 


42 


41 


41 


40 


40 


40 


41 


42 j 43 


43.5 


44 '40 46 48 


*«^»--{SS Si 


548 548 '548 


549 


551 


551 


553 


553 


551 


554 


554 


555 


556 


556 


557 


556 555 


555 


553 552 -553 554 


547 547 548 


549 


551 


551 


553 


553 


552 


554 ,554 


555 


556 


557 557 5:6 555 


555 


553 552 j553 554 


Temp....| 49 \ 49.5 


50.5 


49.5 48 


47 


44 


43 


41.5 


40.5 


39.5 


39 38.5 


38 


38 


37.5 37.5| 37.5 38 


38 


39 i 40 40. 5! 42 


*»*•»-- {fig ill 


554 


545 533 


534 


532 


534 


543 


542 


548 


554 '562 


570 


575 


573 570 i570 569 


582 


573 580 1571 '567 


554 


544 533 


534 


532 


534 


543 


542 


548 


554 563 


571 


575 


572 571 ,570 569 


583 


572 582 573 565 


Temp . ... 42 42 


43 


42 ! 42 


41.5 


41 40 


39 


39 


38 


37 37 


38 


38 


37.5 37 37 | 37 


37 


38 | 39 40 1 42 


Tnlv 31 5 , 562 56 ° 
July 31 ..J 562 - 60 


546 541 539 


540 


543 543 


535 


536 


537 


547 557 


557 


561 


560 [565 568 576 


579 


564 ;558 554 '552 


544 541 539 


540 


543 543 


535 


535 


538 


547 557 


558 


561 


561 567 568 574 


581 


566 537 554 553 


Temp... 

Maguet'r. 


43 | 44. 5 


40. 5 47 | 47 


46 


44. 5 44 


42.5 


41.5 


40 


39 38 
546. 6 549. 5 


38 

550.5 


37 

552.7 


37 j 36 | 36. 5 37 


37 


38 40 42 44 


546. 5 545. 9 544. 1'542. 6 542. 542. 8 


542. 9 543. 5 


543. 2'542. 8 


544.0 


553. 7 553. 5 556. 8 550. 7 555. 552. 9 550. 2 518, 2 547. 1 


Temp.... 49.1 49.5; 50.0 49.6 49.4 48.8 


48. 1 46.5 


40. 45. 1 


44.1 


43. 2 43. 


42.6 


42.2 


42. 4i 42.3 42.5 43.3 43.9 45.0 46.1 47.4; 48.4 



One division of sole = . (.001)18 part of tue vertical foroe. Monthly means: Temperature, 43 J . 8; magnatotnetar, 543.2 



526 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Hourly readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, at Uglaamie, Alaska, August, 1883. 



Date. 


0' 


l b 


2" 


3' 


4b 


5' 


6' 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10' 


11' 


Noon. 


13' 


14" 


15' 


16' 

i 


17" 


18' 


19' 


20' 


21' 


22' 


23» 


Aug.l...£ 


550 
550 
45 


536 


530 


536 


534 


528 


530 


542 


548 


547 


546 


555 


551 


549 


549 


558 


557 


560 


560 


559 


553 


545 


546 


549 


Temp.... 


48.5 


50 


49.5 


51.5 


50.5 


51.5 


50.5 


51 


49 


49 


48 


48 


49 


48 


47 


47.5 


47 


48 


47 


48 


49 


50 


51 


Aug.2...{ 


548 


547 


548 


548 


546 


544 


535 


524 


534 


546 


550 


551 


546 


550 


548 


553 


555 


553 


552 


553 


550 


549 


549 


547 




547 


548 


547 


546 


544 


534 


528 


536 


546 


551 


551 


548 


549 


548 


554 


555 


552 


553 


553 


550 


549 


549 


547 


Temp.... 


52 


49 


48 


48 


48 


47 


47 


44.5 


44 


43 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 


41.5 


42.5 


44 


46 


48 


51 


Aug.3...| 


545 


545 


544 


546 


546 


544 


545 


545 


547 


548 


548 


547 


546 


549 


557 


554 


553 


554 


554 


553 


552 


552 


551 


552 


546 


544 


544 


546 


544 


544 


545 


546 


548 


548 


549 


547 


546 


549 


557 


554 


554 


554 


554 


553 


552 


552 


551 


550 


Temp.... 


52 


54 


54.5 


53.5 


53.5 


52.5 


51.5 


50 


48 


46 


45 


44 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


42 


41 


41 


41.5 


42 


43.5 


45 


46 


46.5 


Aug.4...£ 


550 


550 


549 


549 


551 


549 


549 


551 


550 


552 


551 


552 


552 


552 


553 


552 


553 


553 


554 


553 


553 


553 


552 


551 


550 


550 


549 


549 


550 


549 


549 


551 


551 


552 


551 


552 


552 


553 


553 


552 


553 


553 


554 


553 


553 


553 


552 


551 


Temp 


47 


48 


48 


48 


48 


48 


47.5 


46 


44 


43 


43 


42 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41 


42 


42 


42.5 


43 


44.5 


45.5 


Aug. 5 ... | 


551 


551 


551 


551 


550 


552 


552 


551 


551 


551 


550 


549 


550 


551 


555 


555 


561 


563 


562 


560 


551 


547 


549 


551 


551 


551 


551 


551 


550 


551 


552 


551 


552 


552 


549 


549 


550 


551 


554 


557 


561 


563 


562 


560 


551 


547 


549 


550 


Temp.... 


45.5 


45.5 


46 


45 


45 


45 


45 


45 


44 


43 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


39.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40.5 


41 


42 


43 


Aug.6...| 


553 


552 


552 


553 


551 


550 


549 


546 


544 


545 


547 


555 


558 


559 


558 


564 


561 


566 


567 


566 


562 


554 


556 


558 


553 


552 


553 


553 


552 


551 


549 


546 


544 


545 


548 


555 


558 


559 


558 


563 


561 


566 


567 


566 


561 


554 


556 


558 


Temp.... 


43 


43 


44 


43 • 


43 


43.5 


43.5 


43.5 


42.5 


42 


41 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


40.5 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


42 


42 


Aug. 7 ... | 


557 


556 


556 


555 


553 


553 


554 


551 


552 


553 


554 


554 


553 


557 


558 


500 


562 


559 


557 


556 


554 


553 


553 


554 


556 


556 


556 


555 


553 


553 


553 


551 


553 


554 


554 


554 


553 


557 


558 


560 


564 


559 


558 


556 


554 


553 


553 


554 


Temp 


43 


43 


42 


43 


43 


43 


43 


43 


42 


41 


41 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


40 


41 


43 


44 


44 


44 


Aug.8...| 


553 


553 


551 


549 


548 


547 


548 


546 


545 


546 


548 


548 


550 


549 


551 


554 


553 


549 


549 


547 


546 


544 


541 


541 


553 


553 


551 


549 


548 


547 


548 


546 


545 


546 


548 


548 


550 


549 


551 


555 


553 


550 


548 


547 


546 


544 


541 


542 


Temp.... 


45 


45.5 


48 


48.5 


51 


52 


52 


51 


50 


49 


49 


49 


49 


49 


49 


49.5 


49.5 


49.5 


50.5 


52 


53.5 


54.5 


60 


59 


Aug.9...^ 


540 


539 


540 


539 


538 


538 


536 


537 


536 


537 


538 


539 


542 


545 


548 


548 


546 


546 


543 


543 


542 


542 


539 


537 


540 


538 


540 


539 


538 


537 


535 


537 


537 


537 


538 


539 


542 


545 


547 


548 


545 


547 


544 


543 


543 


542 


538 


537 


Temp 


60.5 


63.5 


62 


62.5 


63 


64 


63.5 


62.5 


60 


58 


57 


55 


53 


52 


51 


50.5 


51.5 


52 


54 


55 


56.5 


59 


61 


62.5 


Aug. 10 . . \ 


537 


535 


535 


536 


536 


536 


535 


538 


539 


540 


542 


544 


544 


547 


547 


548 


548 


548 


547 


546 


546 


544 


543 


543 


537 


535 


536 


535 


536 


535 


536 


537 


539 


540 


542 


544 


544 


547 


547 


548 


547 


548 


547 


546 


546 


544 


543 


542 


Temp 


63.5 


C4.5 


65 


64 


63.5 


63.5 


62 


59 


57 


55 


53 


52 


50.5 


49 


48.5 


48.5 


48 


47.5 


49 


51 


52 


53 


55 


56 


Aug.ll..[ 


542 


543 


544 


547 


547 


550 


547 


538 


531 


540 


544 


548 


547 


550 


551 


553 


554 


555 


555 


553 


551 


550 


547 


.347 


542 


543 


544 


546 


545 


548 


547 


538 


532 


540 


544 


549 


547 


550 


551 


553 


554 


555 


556 


552 


550 


550 


547 


545 


Temp 


56 


54.5 


54 


53 


53 


52.5 


51 


50 


50 


49 


48 


47.5 


48 


47.5 


47 


47 


46.5 


46.5 


47.5 


47.5 


48 


49.5 


50 


53.5 


Aug. 12..£ 


543 


545 


545 


544 


544 


546 


544 


543 


544 


545 


545 


545 


544 


545 


546 


549 


549 


553 


552 


549 


543 


543 


543 


542 


542 


543 


544 


544 


543 


545 


544 


544 


544 


545 


545 


545 


544 


545 


546 


549 


549 


553 


553 


549 


542 


543 


543 


542 


Temp.... 


55.5 


55.5 


56.5 


56 


54 


53.5 


53 


54 


53 


53 


53 


52.5 


52 


51.5 


51 


50.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49 


49 


50 


52 


54.5 


57 


Aug.l3..£ 


543 


543 


543 


543 


544 


545 


545 


545 


547 


547 


547 


547 


548 


548 


549 


551 


554 


551 


549 


549 


547 


545 


546 


548 


543 


543 


543 


543 


545 


544 


545 


547 


547 


547 


547 


547 


548 


548 


549 


551 


554 


552 


549 


548 


547 


545 


546 


546 


Temp 


57.5 


57 


56.5 


54.5 


53 


52.5 


52 


50 


50 


50 


49 


48.5 


48 


47.5 


47 


47 


46.5 


47 


47 


47 


47 


47.5 


48 


49.5 


Aug. 14.. i 


549 


549 


546 


547 


547 


548 


548 


548 


545 


546 


543 


545 


548 


553 


553 


555 


557 


556 


553 


552 


550 


549 


547 


549 


549 


549 


547 


546 


547 


548 


548 


549 


545 


546 


543 


545 


548 


553 


553 


555 


557 


556 


552 


552 


550 


548 


547 


546 


Temp 


49.5 


49.5 


51 


52 


52.5 


51 


51 


49 


46.5 


45 


44.5 


45 


44.5 


44 


44 


44 


43 


43 


43 


44 . 


44 


47 


47 


47.5 


Aug. 15.. i 
Temp.... 


548 
547 
49 


546 


545 


544 


544 


546 


545 


544 


545 


546 


545 


545 


545 


549 


547 


549 


549 


548 


547 


543 


543 


542 


541 


539 


52.5 


55 


53.5 


56.5 


53 


56 


56 


54 


52 


53 


53 


53 


50 


51 


49.5 


50 


50 


52 


54 


57 


58 


59 


60 


Am.16..{ 
Temp 


537 


537 


536 


538 


539 


538 


540 


539 


540 


542 


543 


544 


544 


545 


546 


547 


548 


548 


548 


548 


548 


549 


549 


550 






536 


538 


539 


538 


540 


540 


540 


542 


543 


544 


544 


545 


546 


547 


548 


549 


549 


548 


548 


549 


549 


550 


62.5 


61.5 


60 


60.5 


60 


60 


58 


58 


57 


54.5 


54 


53 


52 


51 


51 


50.5 


50.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49.5 


49 


49 


49 


48 


Aug. 17.. 5 


550 


551 


552 


550 


550 


549 


549 


550 


550 


551 


552 


551 


553 


553 


554 


555 


556 


554 


554 


555 


556 


555 


553 


552 


550 


551 


552 


550 


550 


549 


549 


549 


551 


551 


552 


551 


553 


552 


554 


556 


555 


554 


554 


555 


556 


556 


553 


552 


Temp .... 


48 


48" 


48.5 


48 


47.5 


47.5 


47 


46 


45 


44.5 


44 


44 


44 


44 


43.5 


43 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


41 


42 


45 


47 


Aug. 18.. | 


552 


552 


550 


548 


547 


547 


547 


547 


548 


531 


544 


543 


550 


560 


564 


564 


562 


561 


571 


569 


564 


560 


556 


556 


552 


552 


550 


547 


548 


547 


547 


547 


548 


531 


544 


544 


550 


560 


564 


564 


562 


562 


571 


569 


564 


560 


557 


556 


Temp 


49 


50 


52 


53 


52.5 


52 


51 


50 


48.5 


47 


46 


45 


45 


44.5 


44 


44 


42.5 


42.5 


42.5 


42 


42.5 


43 


43 


43 


Aug. 19 . . i 


555 


555 


552 


549 


549 


555 


556 


556 


555 


557 


557 


558 


559 


559 


559 


560 


560 


560 


560 


558 


559 


558 


557 


556 


555 


555 


552 


549 


549 


555 


556 


556 


555 


557 


557 


558 


559 


559 


559 


561 


560 


560 


:ei 


558 


559 


558 


557 


556 


Temp.... 


43 


43 


43 


42.5 


41.5 


42 


41 


40.5 


40 


39 


38 


38 


38 


37.5 


37 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


37 


37 


39 


40.5 


42 


42 


Aug. 20.. i 


554 


553 


552 


553 


552 


550 


551 


553 


553 


552 


550 


556 


557 


559 


559 


559 


561 


560 


560 


560 


559 


559 


560 


560 


554 


553 


552 


553 


552 


552 


551 


553 


553 


552 


549 


556 


557 


559 


559 


559 


561 


560 


560 


560 


560 


560 


561 


560 


Temp.... 


43.5 


45 


46.5 


46.5 


48 


48 


47 


46 


44 


42 


41 


40 


39.5 


39 


38.5 


38 


38 


36 


36.5 


36 


35.5 


36 


36 


36 


Aug. 21 .A 


561 


560 


561 


561 


560 


560 


561 


560 


560 


559 


556 


557 


560 


561 


563 


565 


566 


564 


563 


562 


561 


560 


560 


561 


561 


559 


561 


560 


560 


560 


561 


560 


560 


559 


556 


557 


560 


561 


563 


565 


566 


564 


563 


563 


562 


560 


560 


561 


Temp.... 


36 


37 


36.5 


36.5 


36 


36.5 


36 


36.5 


36.5 


36.5 


36 


36 


36 


35 


35.5 


35 


34.5 


34.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34.5 


35 


37 


Aug. 22.. | 


560 


560 


561 


561 


559 


558 


557 


558 


558 


558 


556 


556 


555 


560 


564 


563 


563 


566 


566 


562 


560 


560 


560 


560 


560 


560 


561 


561 


559 


557 


557 


557 


558 


558 


556 


555 


555 


560 


564 


563 


563 


566 


566 


562 


560 


560 


560 


560 


Temp 


37 


38 


38 


37.5 39 


40 


40 


40 


39 


38 


37 


36 


35.5 


34.5 


34 


34 


34 


34 


35 


35 


35.5 


37 


38 


39 


Aug. 23:. 1 


560 


562 


562 


559 


558 


558 


558 


554 


556 


559 


557 


557 


559 


562 


560 


562 


566 


561 


557 


562 


558 


558 


555 


557 


560 


562 


562 


559 


559 


558 


558 


554 


556 


559 


557 


558 


560 


562 


560 


561 


567 


560 


557 . 


562 


5 "18 


557 


556 


557 


Temp.... 


40 


40.5 


41 


42 


42 


41 


41 


40.5 


40 


40 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


39 


40 


40 


41 


41 


42 


43 


Aug. 24.. 5 


557 


554 


554 


555 


554 


554 


537 


539 


538 


536 


527 


533 


537 


538 


537 


542 


545 


543 


542 


540 


540 


539 


541 


541 


557 


554 


554 


555 


554 


554 


538 


539 


538 


536 


528 


538 


536 


538 


537 


543 


546 


543 


542 


541 


540 


539 


542 


541 


Temp.... 


44 


45 


46 


46 


46 


45 


45 


44 


44 


44 


43 


43 


43 


42.5 


43 


43 


43 


42.5 


42 


41.5 


41 


41 


41 


41.5 


Aug. 25.. | 


542 


543 


543 


544 


543 


544 


544 


544 


543 


541 


542 


540 


543 


547 


548 


548 


548 


548 


548 


547 


546 


546 


346 


545 


542 [543 


543 


544 


543 


545 


545 


544 


543 


541 


542 


540 


543 


547 


548 


548 


548 


548 


548 


547 


546 


546 


346 


545 


Temp 


41 40 


40 


40.5 


40 


40.5 


40.5 


40 


39.5 


39 


38 


37.5 


37 


36 


36 


36 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


35.5 


37 


37.5 


38 


Aug. 26.. i 


545 


545 


545 


545 


544 


543 


544 


543 


544 


542 


541 


537 


538 


541 


540 


541 


542 


5)0 


540 


541 


543 


512 


5)2 


542 


546 


545 


545 


545 


544 


543 


544 


544 


544 


543 


541 


537 


538 


540 


541 


541 


542 


540 


540 


541 


543 


541 


543 


542 


Temp.... 


40 41 


41 


41 


42 


43 


43 


43 


43 


44.5 


45 


46 


47 


46.5 


46.5 


45.5 


45 


44 


41.5 


41.5 


41 


41.5 


42.5 


44 


Aug. 27.. £ 


542 542 


5)1 


543 


543 


543 


543 


545 


546 


546 


546 


545 


545 


547 


547 


547 


547 


548 


547 


540 


546 


547 


544 




542 541 


542 


543 


543 


543 


544 


544 


546 


546 


546 


545 


5)5 


547 


547 


547 


548 


548 


5)7 


546 


547 517 


544 




Temp .... 


44. 5 44 
549. 0I5I8. 1 


44 


43.5 

547.8 


43 


43 

547.2 


43 

546.3 


41 


40 


39.5 


39 


39 


39 

549.) 


38.5 


37.5 


37.5 
554.0 


37 


37 


38 


38 


38. 5 ( 39.5 
551. 2J549. S 


41 
549.1 




Magnet'r 


547.7 


547. 3 


546.0 


546. 4 


546.9 


547.1 


548.4 


551.2 


552.2 


554.8 


554. 41554. 


553.0 


549. 3 


Temp.... 47.7: 48.3 48.6 48.4 
_ 1 1 - , I 1 


48. 5 48.4 48.0 


47.2 


46.3 


45.4 


44.8 


44.3 


44 


43.3 43.) 


42.9 


42.7 


49 g 49 £ 

1 


43. 1 43. 81 44. 7 

i 1 


45.9 


47.1 



One division of scale = .0001948 part of the vertical force. Monthly means : Temperature, 45°. 5 ; magnetometer, 549.6 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



527 



Recapitulation of monthly mean values {inclusive of disturbances and uncorrected for changes of tem- 
perature and variations in -scale value) of the hourly readings of the balance magnetometer, at 
Uglaamie, Alaska, 1882-'83. 





0" 


l 1 ' 


2» 


3" 


4 h 


5" 


6' 


7" 








Noon + 53 m .6. 


ish-ss-'.o. 


14"+ 53".6. 


lsHss^.e. 


16H53-.6. 


17 h +53">.6. 


18b4-54°'.6. 


19"+53">.6. 




1882. 
September 12 to 30 


517.3 
517.7 
512.2 
523.0 

511.5 
503.2 
519.5 
509.6 
514.5 
528. 4 
546. 5 
549. 


516.0 
517.1 
512, 5 
523.2 

512.7 
504.0 
518.3 
509.4 
514.2 
528. 3 
545.9 
548.1 


516.6 
517.2 
511.5 
523.3 

513.5 
502.8 
517.6 
508.9 
514.0 
528.6 
544.1 
547.7 


516.8 
516.3 
509.2 
522.5 

513.6 
501.7 
515.3 
507.6 
514.8 
528.1 
542.6 
547.8 


514.9 
515.3 
507. 6 
521.5 

512.9 
502.0 
515. 6 
506.7 
514.7 
527.3 
542. 
547. 3 ' 


513.9 
513.7 
506.8 
521.2 

512. 7 
500.4 
514.0 
505.8 

513. 5 
527. 8 
542.8 
547.2 


515.1 
512. 3 
507.2 
521.9 

511.7 
498.9 
512.4 
505. 3 
513. 5 
527. 1 
542.9 
546.3 


514.4 


October 


509.6 




504.6 




519. 9 


1883. 


511.0 




498.4 




507.8 




506.4 




512.5 




524.9 


July 


543.5 




540. 







Giittingen civil time . 



Uglaamie civil time. 



September 12 to 30. 

October 

November 

December 



1882. 



1883. 

January 

February 

March .'. 

April 

May 

June... 

July 

August 1 to 27, inclusive. 



10" 



20"+53'".6. 21''-f-53».G. j 22"+53'°.6. 



513.3 
511.4 
504. 9 
516.2 



510.6 
496.9 
506.4 
500. 9 
511. 8 
525. 5 
543. 2 
546.4 



512.3 
513.0 
514.9 
517.5 



509.8 
497. 6 
508.0 
507. 4 
512.4 
527.1 
542.8 
546.9 



514.0 
517.7 
515.2 
520.1 



509.1 
498.2 
509. 9 
509.0 
513.2 
529.7 
544.0 
547.1 



11" 



23"+53"'.6. 



515.5 
518.6 
521.7 

520. 4 



508. 5 
498.3 
514.4 
510. 7 
514.8 
530.6 
546.6 
548.4 



Noon. 



h +53 m .6. 



519.4 
524.0 
524.3 
525.2 



510.3 
501.6 
522. 2 
513.3 
518.7 
532.8 
549.5 
549.1 



1! 



l'' + 53'".6. I 2" + 53» ! 



520.7 
526.8 
526. 2 
527.6 



513.0 
505.9 
527.8 
515. 8 
521.3 
534.0 
550.5 
551. 2 



521.2 
528.9 
540.1 
529.6 



517.4 
509.4 
530.4 
«18.3 
523.7 
535.7 
552. 7 
552.2 



15" 



3"4-53"'.0. 



522. 1 
529.2 
544.7 
530.0 



519. 9 
511.7 
532.1 
519.6 
526. 6 
537.6 
553.7 
554.0 



Gottingen civil time . 



TJglaainio civil time . 



1882. 

September 12 to 30 

October 

November 

"December 

1883. 

January 

February 

March .'. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 1 to 27, inclusive 



IS" 



4"+53'«.6. 



524.0 
529.9 
547.2 
529.4 



519.3 
514.4 
534.7 
520.5 
526. 3 
538.8 
555.5 
554.8 



5''+53 m .6. 



524. 2 
529. 5 
552.9 
530.4 



518.5 
513.8 
534.3 
521.6 
525. 6 
539. 8 
556. 8 
554.4 



IS" 



6"+53">.6. 



522.0 
525.6 
540.7 
529.3 



517.9 
513.5 
532.4 
521. 5 
523.7 
538.7 
556.7 
554.0 



19" 



7 h -(-53™.6. 



20" 



520.0 
522.8 
534.9 
526.1 



510.2 
512.3 
528.5 
520.6 
520.5 
535.6 
555.0 
553.0 



8"+53 m .6. 



517.8 
524.7 
536.0 
523.9 



514. 4 
507.4 
523.4 
518. 3 
517.5 
531.9 
552.9 
551.2 



21" 



9"+53».6. 



516.9 
520. 
523.5 
523.1 



511.5 
504.3 
520.1 
516.5 
515.6 
529.6 
550.2 
549.9 



22" 



10"+53».6. 



510.6 
519.0 
530.5 
521.5 



510.2 
504. 5 
519.9 
515.3 
514.8 
528. 5 
548.2 
549.1 



25" 



ll"+53"'.6. 



517.0 
518.5 
515. 8 
522.3 



510.6 
502. 3 
518.9 
513.5 
513.8 
528. 
547.1 
549. 3 



Mean. 



d. 
517.6 
520.0 
522.7 
523.7 



513.2 
50). 3 
520.2 
512.9 
517.2 
531.0 
548.2 
549.6 



528 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Solar diurnal variation of the vertical force (inclusive of disturbances). Expressed in scale divisions 
and. uncorrected for changes of temperature, 1 882-83. 



Gottingeu civil time . 



Uglaamie civil time Noon+53">.6. 



September . 

October 

November . 
December . 



1S82. 



1883. 



January .. 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August . . . 



April to September, inclusive. 
October to March, inclusive. . . 



Tear. 



13"+53'".6. 14 1 '+53 m .G. 



— 0.3 


— 1.6 


— 2.3 


— 2.9 


—10.5 


—10.2 


— 0.7 


— 0.5 


— 1.7 


— 0.5 


— 1.1 


— 0.3 


— 0.7 


— 1.9 


— 3.3 


— 3.5 


— 2.7 


— 3.0 


— 3.4 


— 3.3 


— 1.7 


— 2.3 


— 0.6 


— 1.5 



— 2.4 



-1.0 
- 2.8 
-11.2 
-0.4 



0.3 
1.5 
2.6 
4.0 
3.2 
2.4 
4.1 
1.9 



15"+53 m .G. I 16"+53">.6. \ 17"+53 m .G. 



— 0.8 

— 3.7 
—13.5 

— 1.2 



+ 0.4 

— 2.6 

— 4.9 

— 5.3 

— 2.4 

— 2.9 

— 5.6 

— 1.8 



-4.7 
-15.1 
-2.2 



0.3 
2.3 
4.6 
6.2 
2.5 
3.7 



— 2. ! — 2. 5 



2.8 



3.1 



4.0 



— 3.0 



-4.2 - 



2.6 



18" + 53°>.G. 19i. + 53»6. 



3.7 


2. 5 


6.3 


■ — 7. 7 


15.!) 


—15. 5 


2.5 


— 1.8 


■ 0.5 


— 1.5 


3.9 


— 5.4 


■ 6.2 


— 7.8 


• 7.1 


— 7.6 


■ 3.7 


— 3.7 


■ 3.2 


— 3.9 


• 5.4 


— 5.3 


2.4 


— 3.3 



4.2 i 



4.4 



— 5. 9 — 6. 6 



5.1 



-3.2 
-10 4 
-18.1 
-3.8 



-2.2 
-5.9 
-12.4 
-6.5 
-4.7 
-6.1 
-4.7 
- 3.6 



6.8 



Gottingen civil time . 



TJglaamie civil time 20«+53'".6. 



September . 

October 

November . 
December . 



1882. 



' 1883. 



January . . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

Juiio...... 

July 

August - . . 



April to September, inclusive. 
October to March, inclusive... 



Tear. 



— 4.3 

— 8.6 
—17.8 

— 7.5 



21 b +53'».6. 



-7.4 
-13.8 
-6.0 
-5.4 
-5.5 
-5.0 
-3.2 



4.9 



9.6 



5.3 
7.0 
7.8 
6.2 



-3.4 
-6.7 
-12.2 
-5.5 
-4.8 
-3.9 
-5.4 
-2.7 



10" 



11" 



Noon. 



22"+53°>.6. ■ 23 h + 53™.6. I 0"+53"\6. 



3.6 
2.3 
7.5 
3.6 



-4.1 
-6.1 
-10.3 
- 3.9 
-4.0 
-1.3 
-4.2 
-2.5 



4.6 



— 7.2 



3.2 



5.6 



4.4 



2.1 
1.4 
1.0 
3.3 



4.7 
6.0 
5.8 
2.2 
2.4 
0.4 
1.6 
1.2 



+ 1.8 
+ 4.0 
+ 1.6 
+ 1.5 



— 2.9 

— 2.7 

+ 2.0 
+ 0.4 
+ 1.5 
+ 1.8 
+ 1.3 

— 0.5 



+ 1.0 



13 



14" 



+ 3.1 
+ 6.8 
+ 3.5 
+ 3.9 



— 0.2 
+ 1.6 
+ 7.6 
+ 2.9 
+ 4.1 
+ 3.0 
+ 2.3 
+ 1.6 



2.8 



3.7 I 



+ 0.6 



+ 3. 



+ 3.6 
+ 8.9 
+17.4 
+ 5.9 



+ 4.2 
+ 5.1 
+10.2 
+ 5.4 
+ 6.5 
+ 4.7 
+ 4.5 
+ 2.6 



15" 



1"+53"'.G. i 2"+53'".6. 3'>+53>» 



.+ 4. 5 



+ 8.6 



2.7 



+ 0.8 



+ 3.4 



+ 6.6 



+ 4.5 
+ 9.2 
+22.0 
+ 6.9 



+ 6.7 
+ 7.4 
+ 11.9 
+ 6.7 
+ 9.4 
+ 6.6 
+ 5.5 
+ 4.4 



+ 6.2 



-10.7 



+ 8.4 





m 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21* 


22" 


23" 


k or scale 




value in 

parts 
of force 




4"+53™.6. 


5 h +53 M .6. 


6>>+53 m .6. 


7'+53«>.6. 


8"+53'».6. 


9 k +53°".6. 


io"+53°>.6. 


llk+SS""^. 




0.000 


1882. 


+ 6.4 
+ 9.9 
+24.5 
+ 5.7 

+ 6.1 

+10.1 
+14.5 
+ 7.6 
+ 9.1 
+ 7.8 
+ 7.3 
+ 5.2 


+ 6.6 
+ 9.5 
+30.2 
+ 6.7 

+ 5.3 
+ 9.5 
+14.1 
+ 8.7 
-t 8.4 
+ 8.8 
+ 8.6 
+ 4.8 


+ 4.4 
+ 5.6 
+18.0 
+ 5.6 

+ 4.7 
+ 9.2 
+12.2 
+ 8.6 
+ 6.5 
+ 7.7 
+ 8.5 
+ 4.4 


+ 2.4 
+ 2.8 
+12.2 

+ 2.4 

+ 3.0 
+ 8.0 
+ 8.3 
+ 7.7 
+ 3.3 
+ 4.6 
+ 6.8 
+ 3.4 


+ 0.2 
+ 4.7 
+13.3 
+ 0.2 

+ 1.2 
+ 3.1 
+ 3.2 
+ 5.4 
+ 0.3 
+ 0.9 
+ 4.7 
+ 1.6 


— 0.7 
0.0 

+ 0.8 

— 0.6 

— 1.7 
0.0 

— 0.1 
+ 3.6 

— 1.6 

— 1.4 
+ 2.0 
+ 0.3 


— 1.0 

— 1.0 
+ 7.8 

— 2.2 

— 3.0 
+ 0.2 

— 0.3 
+ 2.4 

— 2.4 

— 2.5 
0.0 

— 0.5 


— 0.6 

— 1.5 

— 6.9 
-1.4 

— 2.6 

— 2.0 

— 1.3 
+ 0.6 

— 3.4 

— 3.0 

— 1.1 

— 0.3 


0803 




0603 




1307 




1739 


1883. 


1739 




1739 




1087 




1844 




2031 




1948 




1948 




1948 






April to September, inclusive. 


+ 7.2 


+ 7.6 


+ 6.7 


+ 4.7 


+ 2.2 


+ 0.4 


— 0.7 


-1.3 


1754 


October to March, inclusiye . . 


+11.8 


+ 12.5 


+ 9.2 


+ 6.1 


+ 4.3 


-0.3 


+ 0.2 


-2.6 


1402 


Tear 


+ 9.5 


+10.1 


+ 8.0 


+ 5.4 


+ 3.2 


+ 0.1 


— 0.2 


— 1.9 


1578 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



529 



TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT. 

There were no special observations made to determine the effect of change of temperature on 
the magnetic moment of the balance magnet. The instrument was mechanically compensated as 
near as could be judged, and it only remains to determine the outstanding effect by means of the 
ordinary readings. There was no thermometer in the case of the balance magnetometer, but the 
same temperature record as was given for the bifiiar magnetometer answers, since the readings of 
the two thermometers — one with the unifilar, the other with the bifiiar — rarely differ more than 
half a degree and less than 0°.l Fahr., in the monthly means. Applying the same process as in 
the case of the bifiiar, we find — 



October 14-15.... 

October 30-31 

November 1-2 . . . 
November 10-11 . 
November 23-24 . 
December 1-2 ... 
December 14-15 . 
December 15-16 . 



18S2. 



January 1-2 . . . 
January 22-23 . 
Februa'iy 9-10 . 

March 1-2 

March 11-12... 
March 24-25... 
April 19-20.... 

Jnly 19-20 

August 7-8 



1883. 



Mean. 



Change. 



—11 

—17 

J- 14 

+17 

—10 

—10.5 

+9 

—16 



—13 

— 7 
+ 5 
+ 12 
—10 
—34 
—11 
+ 9 

— 7 



Change Consequent 
Corresponds change for 
to i 1° Fahr. 



+10.9 
+ 13.4 
—14. 2 ' 

— 8.0 

— 7.0 

— 7.3 
+ 11.0 
—10.3 



+ 12. 7 
+ 7.5 

— 7.4 
—12.7 
+ 6.8 
+ 12 2 
+ 8.3 

— 8.3 
+ 8.9 



—1.0 
— !.3 
—1.0 
—2.1 
+ 1.4 
+1-4 
+ 0.8 
+1.5 



—1.0 
—0.9 
—0.7 
—0.9 
—1.5 
—2.8 
—1.3 
—1.1 
—0.8 



—0.66 ±0.20 



It is proposed to adopt for the present value the value — d .7±0.2, which is equivalent to a 
decrease of 0. 7 x. 0001584 (0.7 time the average value for 1 division) or .000111 part of the vertical 
force for an increase of temperature of 1° Fahr. 

Solar-diurnal variation of the vertical force, inclusive of disturbances, and expressed in parts of the 

force; Uglaamie, 1832-'83. 



> 

'o 


civil 


3 o 


a ■- 
5 o 
"a 




Temperature differ eneo. 


Solar diurnal variation. 


- --' 


i 


,£3 0* 

Qch 

o o 

S 5 


^5- 

ACM 

o o 


<u 

o 


«-35°.8 


<-2°.l 


«-19°.0 


>-.S c 


§33 

£>2 =" 


Whole 


s 


o 


0N. 


©S. 


year. 


_ - _ 


-1- . 


year. 




b0 




* a 


£ 








Ct — <t-i O 


a n=" g 




O 


E= 


5ig 


33g 








&"°~ 


y oeu 




h 


h m 














o 











Noon +53. 6 


— . 00035 


— . 00039 


— . 00038 


+3.1 


+0.7 


+1.8 


— . 00001 


— . 00031 


— . 00018 


1 


13 +53. 6 


— . 00044 


— . 00038 


— . 00041 


+3.6 


+1.3 


+2.4 


— . 00004 


— . 00024 


■—. 00014 


2 


14 +53.6 


— . 00049 


— 00042 


— . 00046 


+4.2 


+1.7 


+2.9 


— . 00002 


— . 00023 


— . 00014 


3 


15 +53.6 


— . 00054 


— . 00059 


— . 00058 


+3.8 


+1.8 


+2.8 


— . 00012 


— . 00039 


— . 00027 


4 


15 +53. 6 


— . 00070 


— . 00069 


—.00069 


+4.0 


+2.3 


+3.1 


— . 00026 


— . 00043 


— . 00035 


5 


17 +53. 6 


— . 00074 


— . 00083 


— . 00080 


+3.4 


+2.1 


+2.7 


— . 00030 


— . 00060 


— . 00050 


6 


18 +53. 6 


— . 00077 


— . C0093 


— . 00087 


+2.8 


+1.9 


+2.3 


— . 00046 


— . 00072 


— . 00061 


7 


19 +53.6 


— . 00084 


— . 00123 


— . 00107 


+1.6 


+1.5 


+1.5 


— . 00066 


— . 00106 


— . 00090' 


8 


20 +53. 6 


— . 000S6 


— . 00135 


— . 00115 


+0.6 


+0.3 


+0.4 


— . 00O79 


— . 00132 


— . 00111 


9 


21 +53. 6 


— . 00081 


— . 00101 


— . 00093 


—0.4 


—0.4 


—0.4 


— . 00085 


—.00105 


— . 00097 


10 


22 +53. 


— . 0OUJ6 


— . 00079 


— . 00069 


—1.4 


—1.0 


—1.2 


— . 00072 


— . 00090 


— . 00082 


11 


23 +53. 6 


— . 00028 


— . 000-52 


— . 00043 


—2.2 


—1.3 


—1.8 


— . 00052 


— . 00066 


— . 00063 


Noon . 


+53. 6 


+. 00018 


+. 00008 


+. 00013 


-2.6 


—1.2 


—2.0 


— . 00011 


— . 00005 


— . 00009 


13 


1 +53.6 


+ .00049 


+. 00055 


+. 00054 


—3.1 


—1.3 


—2.3 


+ 00015 


+. 00041 


+ 00028 


14 


2 + 53. 6 


+. 00079 


+. 00121 


+. 00104 


—3.5 


—1.4 


—2.5 


+ 00040 


+.00105 


+ 00076 


15 


3 +33. 6 


+.00109 


+.00150 


+. 00133 


—3.6 


—1.5 


—2.6 


+. 00069 


+. 00133 


+. 00104 


16 


4 + 53. 6 


+. 00126 


+. 00105 


+ .00150 


—3.6 


—1.4 


—2.6 


+. 00086 


+. 00149 


+. 00121 


17 


5 4 53. 6 


+ .00133 


+ .00175 


+.00159 


—3.4 


—1.3 


—2.4 


+. 00095 


+. 00161 


+. 00132 


18 


6 +53. 6 


f. 00118 


+. 00129 


+. 00126 


—2.8 


—0.6 


—1.7 


+. 00087 


+.0UJ22 


+. 001O7 


19 


7 +53. 6 


+ .00082 


+. 00086 


+ . 00085 


—2.2 


—0.8 


—1.5 


+. 00058 


+ 00077 


+. 00068 


20 


8 +53.6 


+. 00039 


+ . 00000 


+. 00050 


—1.2 


—0.8 


—1.0 


+. 00026 


+. 00051 


+. (10039 


21 


9 +53. 6 


| +.00007 


— . 00004 


+ .00002 


0.0 


—0.6 


—0.4 


+ .00007 


— . 00011 


— . U0UU2 


22 


10 +53.6 


—.00012 


+. 00003 


— . 00003 


• +1-2 


—0.3 


+0.4 


+ 0000 I 


00000 


+. 00001 


23 


11 +53.6 


— . 00023 


— . 00030 


— . 00030 


+2.6 


+ 0.2 


+ 1.3 


+. 0001)0 


— . 00034 


— . OOOlfl 



H. Ex. 44- 



530 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



The numbers contaiued in the last three columns of this table were plotted on the accom- 
panying diagram, which shows the vertical force to be in excess of its average value in the (local) 
morning hours maximum about 6 a. in., and in deficiency in the (local) afternoon hours minimum 
about 9 p. m. Compared with the variation of the vertical force at more southern stations, there 
appears to be a complete inversion of the hours of greater and of less intensity, which may be due 
to the action of disturbances ; or, if regular, it may be somehow connected with the circumstance 
that Uglaamie is near the central zone of maximum auroral display, and a little to the north of it. 
We note the apparent greater range of the diurnal variation in the half year including the winter 
than in the other six months, which is also an anomalous phenomenon. 

The breakage of the magnetic and electric equilibrium in this auroral zone, resulting in an 
outburst of disturbances, probably occurs more frequently in this belt than outside of it, and pos- 
sibly sudden changes of temperature may be favorable circumstances of disruption. The belt of 
maximum auroral development seems to be subject to fluctuations in position, and in studying the 
supposed connection of auroras with terrestrial magnetism, attention should be directed to the di- 
rection in which the aurora appears at a station, i. e., at Uglaamie, whether to the south or to the 
north of'the zenith. 

The increased dip and total intensity in the Uglaamie morning hours, as contrasted with the 
diminished dip and intensity of the total force in the afternoon, is corroborated by the observations 
made in the first year by means of the dip circle and deflecting weight. 

SflESB. EICRNAI. AMttATICN - .of the MAGNETIC VERTTCAI, TCYRCE 
O'oseiTca at Ootflaccrmc, ,Haifca 

D 



» Oopla/xmuz 


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jXSZZ- eraree.^" , "TirHOTt. of) -the yon? Sipfy 7SB2 / mAmj;~t883/iaiSL 



Solar diurnal variations in the magnetic dip and in the total magnetic intensity. 

These variations are readily obtained from the variations in the horizontal and in the vertical 
components of the force; if F=. total force, .ffand 7 its horizontal and vertical components, then 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW. ALASKA. 



531 



from the fundamental relations H= Fcos 9 and V=. Fain 6 we find by differentiation and elimina- 

AF 
tion, the variation in the dip A 6 and the variation in the total force (in parts of the force) ~w? viz: 



J^sin^costf 



/J7 AH\ 



and 



AF 
F 



- =ms 2 



cos 2 6 






Solar -diurnal variations in- the magnetic dip and in the total magnetic intensity, inclusive of disturb- 
ances ; annual mean values 1882-'83. 



TJglaamie 
civil time. 


AH 
H 


AT 

r 


A0 


AF 
F 


Uglaaraie 
civil time. 


AH 
H 


AV 
V 


A9 


AF 
F 


h. 


m. 






, 




h. 


m. 






i 







53.6 


— . 06136 


— . 00009 


+0.65 


— . 00012 


Noo 


a-, 53.6 


+. 00214 


— . 00018 


—1.18 


— . 00013 


1 


53.6 


. 00249 


+ . 00028 


+ 1.41 


+. 00021 


13 


+53.6 


. 00276 


. 00014 


—1.48 


. 00008 


2 


53.6 


. 00393 


. 00076 


+ 2. 39 


+. 00065 


14 


+ 53.6 


. 00346 


. 00014 


—1.83 


. 00006 


3 


53.6 


. 00390 


. 00104 


+2.51 


+ .O0093 


15 


+53.6 


. 00488 


. 00027 


—2. 62 


. 00015 


4 


53.6 


. 00434 


.00121 


+2. 82 


+ .00108 


16 


+ 53.6 


. 00593 


. 00035 


—3.20 


. 00021 


5 


53.6 


. 00577 


. 00132 


+3.61 


+ .00116 


17 


+ 53.6 


.00589 


. 00050 


—3.25 


.00036 


6 


53.6 


. 00636 


. 00107 


+ 3.78 


+. 00091 


18 


+ 53. 6 


. 00601 


. 000G1 


—3.37 


. 00047 


7 


53.6 


. 00589 


. 00068 


+ 3.34 


+ . 00054 


19 


+ 53.6 


. 00486 


. 00090 


—2.93 


. 00077 


8 


53.6 


. 00474 


+ . 00039 


+ 2.61 


+ . 00027 


20 


+53.6 


. 00360 


. 00111 


—2. 40 


.00101 


9 


53.6 


. 00274 


— . 0^002 


+ 1. 38 


— . 00008 


21 


+53.6 


. 00250 


. 00097 


—1.77 


. 00089 


10 


53. C 


— . 00076 


-I-. 00*001 


+ 0.39 


— . 00C01 


22 


+ 53. 6 


+ . 00022 


. 00082 


—0.53 


. 00080 


11 


53.6 


+ . 00094 


— . 00016 


—0.56 


— . 00014 


23 


+ 53.6 


— . 00101 


— . 00063 


+0.19 


— . 00064 



In presenting the foregoing results of the three variation instruments I had two objects in 
view, viz, to be in a position to form a close estimate of the character and value of the whole series 
of observations preparatory to their full analysis and discussion, and, secondly, to give at once, 
but preliminarily, such leading results as could be deduced without waiting for the publication of 
the results of the conference for the uniform treatment of the magnetic work at the international 
Polar stations. What has been presented will, in general, enable the reader to form a judgment 
of the magnetic outfit of the KTglaainie station, and of the value of the work done. 

As has been already pointed out, there were no well-adapted magnetic variation instruments 
available in the first year; the range of the collimator scale was very limited, and the declinometer 
had frequently to be turned in azimuth in order to secure readings on days of disturbance; besides, 
the great changes in the torsion of the suspension renders it impossible to produce a uniform series 
with respect to a fixed direction. The record of the bifilar magnetometer has not yet been suffici- 
ently examined to form an opinion as to its value, and at present I am still waiting for notes bearing 
on the adjustment and scale value of the instrument.* There was then no vertical force magnetome- 
ter, but hourly observations were made with a dipping needle deflected by a constant weight; corre- 
sponding values for the true dip or deflections by the same needle were only made on two or three 
days each month, so that the value of this series, as a differential measure of the total force, may 
be regarded as small. It has, however, enabled me independently to verify the fact brought out 
by the balance magnetometer of the greater total intensity during the morning than in the after- 
noon hours. There is no record of the effect of temperature changes on the angle of deflection of 
the loaded needle. 

In the year 1881-'82 there were but few stations with which to compare results, and to publish 
the above-mentioned records in extenso would seem to me an expenditure of time and labor hardly 
to be recommended, and probably not warranted by the meager results the series may be capable 
of yielding. If this early record is to be published at all I would propose to set down the mean 
of the 10 readings (5 with scale extreme left and 5 with scale extreme right) for each instrument, 
viz, the declinometer and bifilar, and the mean of the 10 readings of the dipping needle (5 for south 
and 5 for north end) ; for each observing hour and during term days it would suffice to give only 
the mean of the two extreme scale readings. But on these and other points the result of the 
deliberations at Vienna may be awaited. 

I conclude this report with a table of frequency of the aurora as seen and recorded in connec- 
tion with the magnetic work at Uglaamie. 



*BTo further information could be obtained (May, 1885) 



532 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Table of frequency of the aurora as observed at Uglaamie, Alaska, beticeen October, 1881, and August, 1883. 

[The hours are local mean time hours at TJglaamie, and the numbers indicate the number of days in each month when auroras were seen at 
each of the hours indicated : Observations began October 17, 1881 ; end, August 27, 1883. Tbie presence or absence of an aurora was noted 
a few minutes before each full hour.] 



2 h 



o h 



4' 



6» 



7 b 



S» 



9» 



10' 



11' 



13' 



1! ! ' 



15' 



16' 



17» 



IS 1 ' 



19' 



20' 



21" 22' 



>■:'' 



September . 
Octobef — 
November . 
December . 



1881. 



1882. 



January ... 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November . 
December . 



January . 
February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August ... 



1883. 



Sums: October, 1881, 
to August, 1882; 10$ 
months 



Sums: .September, 1882, 
to August, 1883; 12 
months 



84 



79 



03 



53 



40 



16 12 



12 



no 



101 



75 



42 



28 



12 



8 



36 35 



CO 



10 
17 

17 
1 

| 

o ! o 
o I o 

5 7 
10 ' 9 
16 : 19 
25 ; 25 



77 94 



82 



113 



123 



21 
154 
207 



123 

165 

107 

21 









II 

175 
316 



282 

159 

177 

27 











798 



1241 



The total number of days when auroras were visible in the first 10~| months (1881-'S2), was 
145, hence the average duration, 5J hours nearly: total number of days when auroras were seen 
in the year ending August, 1883, was 169, hence the average duration, 7^ hours nearly. 

In the tabulation and preparation of the manuscript record for the printer I had the assistance 
of Sergeant J. E. Maxfield and Private G. W. Knopf, who performed their task with much zeal and 
commendable industry ; they have also prepared a complete duplicate of the records of the report. 



Part IV.— SEMI-MONTHLY TERM-DAY AND TERM-HOUR OBSERVATIONS. 



OBSERVATIONS OF THE VARIATION IN DECLINATION, IN HORIZONTAL AND IN VERTICAL FORCE. 
READINGS OF THE DECLINOMETER ON TERM DAYS AT UGLAAM1E, ALASKA, SEPTEMBER 15, 1882, 
TO AUGUST 15, 1883. 

[For scale values and other information see preceding part, III. G-ottingen time is employed.] 

Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, September 15, 1882. 





Oh 


It" 


2h 


3h 


4h 


5» 


Oh 


7b 


8' 


9b 


10>> 


lib 


Noon. 


13h 


14b 


15h 


16b 


17b 


18b 


19h 


20b 


21h 


22b 

543 
542 
539 
541 
529 
526 
527 
527 
532 
534 
532 
536 


23b 


0"n 

5 


524 
528 
529 
531 
534 
531 
530 
513 
520 
5!5 
524 
527 


525 
523 
524 
53C 
523 
527 
519 
520 
518 
510 
531 
513 


519 
523 
516 
520 
500 
511 
512 
519 
523 
524 
521 
511 


'526 
513 
523 
523 
525 
524 
528 
525 
522 
520 
518 
523 


521 

521 
522 
523 
523 
526 
527 
525 
527 
527 
522 
513 


517 
523 
528 
531 
532 
528 
525 
529 
532 
530 
529 
526 


522 
517 
519 
524 
524 
524 
526 
527 
522 
531 
534 
540 


537 
536 
531 
532 
535 
528 
528 
524 
522 
519 
535 
562 


563 

561 
533 
519 
504 
512 
522 
508 
506 
600 
590 
560 


578 
594 
597 
578 
534 
538 
560 
578 
579 
552 
541 
531 


510 

518 
519 
525 
515 
510 
496 
523 
510 
518 
532 
535 


538 
544 
559 
548 
532 
535 
533 
524 
516 
513 
517 
476 


531 

572 
538 
578 
574 
531 
567 
547 
515 
538 
542 
535 


529 
519 
511 
522 
549 
502 
529 
531 
525 
526 
512 
523 


547 
541 
543 
540 
550 
552 
545 
550 
560 
544 
550 
547 


550 
543 
546 
546 
545 
545 
543 
538 
546 
546 
551 
556 


551 

551 
548 
547 
548 
548 
544 
545 
548 
548 
544 
540 


541 

538 
530 
537 
539 
540 
540 
541 
540 
540 
542 

m 


542 
544 
542 
545 
542 
541 
541 
541 
543 
543 
539 
539 


541 
543 

544 
543 
543 
539 
539 
538 
537 

5;:u 

537 
537 


541 
541 
542 
539 
545 
539 
541 
544 
546 
547 
551 
547 


547 
543 
542 
543 
542 
544 
543 
543 
543 
544 
545 
544 


532 

526 


10 

15 


526 
524 


20 


524 


25 


528 


30 


528 


35 


531 


40 

45 


532 
532 


50 


532 


55 


534 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, October 1, 1882. 



533 



Oh jh 2 h 3 h 4 h 5 h 6 h 7" 



» h 10 h U h Noon. 13 h 14" 15 h 16 h 17 h 18 h 19" 



17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


1th 


22>> 


543 


522 


529 


532 


524 


524 


552 


528 


531 


527 


527 


524 


551 


530 


532 


527 


528 


523 


550 


531 


532 


527 


527 


522 


549 


531 


531 


527 


526 


521 


542 


532 


530 


527 


530 


523 


539 


531 


530 


528 


528 


523 


538 


530 


531 


528 


526 


524 


537 


530 


529 


536 


525 


523 


537 


529 


529 


52fi 


524 


524 


530 


529 


530 


529 


523 


526 


525 


531 


532 


526 


524 


525 



0"i 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



5U8 
500 
510 
51S 
514 
516 
515 
515 
514 
513 
514 
515 



516 

518 
516 
516 
517 
517 
518 
518 
518 
517 
518 
519 



520 
521 
519 
521 
521 
518 
518 
518 
516 
517 
518 
520 



519 
520 

520 
521 
520 
520 
520 
522 
521 
520 
520 
521 



522 
523 
520 
517 
514 
510 
521 
512 
510 
515 
517 
519 



519 
520 
520 
519 
518 
518 
510 
516 
518 
518 
518 
518 



522 
522 
515 
521 
518 
520 
520 
520 
521 
521 
522 
522 



521 
521 

521 
521 
521 
521 
520 
520 
520 
519 
518 
518 



519 

515 
515 
519 

516 
512 
517 
514 
511 
522 
592 
525 



514 
498 
490 

484 
518 
488 
513 
490 
498 
517 
538 
525 



523 

524 
531 
533 
523 
515 
522 
524 
527 
527 
525 
525 



531 
531 

529 
520 
535 
527 
525 
525 
527 
524 
529 
530 



523 

522 
532 
536 
538 
549 
557 
553 
548 
508 
541 
546 



546 
545 
538' 
541 
544 
543 
542 
541 
531) 
5:;:: 
540 
545 



527 
523 
521 
518 
518 
512 
515 
517 
516 
519 
518 
520 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, October 15, 1882. 



0m 

5 
10 
15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



512 


509 


510 


506 


500 


512 


528 


495 


580 


532 


469 


500 


518 


550 


529 


425 


523 


534 


500 


522 


500 


506 


500 


512 


507 


502 


508 


515 


522 


525 


500 


423 


516 


471 


495 


532 


451 


516 


505 


527 


572 


520 


530 


504 


498 


512 


510 


508 


507 


512 


519 


516 


528 


492 


460 


512 


522 


521 


533 


509 


555 


581 


536 


509 


529 


519 


506 


510 


511 


513 


500 


499 


515 


512 


523 


531 


493 


410 


493 


528 


488 


490 


499 


570 


555 


534 


510 


534 


505 


515 


512 


510 


520 


512 


511 


484 


510 


528 


532 


515 


505 


484 


514 


520 


515 


544 


570 


592 


543 


480 


539 


492 


514 


503 


511 


508 


512 


506 


520 


510 


535 


524 


578 


498 


480 


485 


450 


555 


510 


519 


587 


563 


522 


546 


500 


516 


509 


510 


510 


500 


510 


500 


510 


538 


521 


564 


476 


482 


482 


487 


545 


473 


552 


550 


508 


516 


525 


495 


517 


519 


513 


510 


510 


505 


485 


510 


540 


520 


562 


510 


493 


474 


496 


500 


482 


550 


533 


509 


502 


526 


490 


550 


515 


510 


510 


511 


511 


480 


505 


533 


514 


530 


550 


475 


496 


521 


530 


550 


572 


506 


512 


517 


519 


403 


520 


500 


511 


507 


510 


519 


482 


500 


535 


508 


493 


565 


465 


509 


453 


531 


553 


550 


522 


523 


538 


518 


499 


517 


510 


515 


510 


510 


520 


485 


501 


535 


505 


503 


532 


461 


481 


460 


530 


537 


581 


535 


579 


550 


511 


595 


516 


508 


509 


511 


510 


520 


488 


517 


535 


501 


483 


510 


525 


495 


484 


534 


503 


465 


552 


591 


490 


511 


501 


508 


504 


504 



518 
520 
519 
505 
499 
503 
500 
499 
492 
498 
502 
510 



Term-day readings of the Broolie declinometer, November 1, 1882. 



Om 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



501 


517 


524 


525 


518 


524 


522 


530 


525 


519 


559 


475 


518 


532 


537 


534 


591 


511 


523 


535 


531 


500 


502 


508 


510 


525 


525 


520 


523 


527 


520 


528 


517 


568 


511 


520 


532 


545 


535 


578 


513 


520 


542 


554 


506 


484 


517 


508 


523 


525 


521 


525 


522 


520 


527 


520 


552 


582 


532 


535 


543 


550 


569 


522 


528 


532 


508 


515 


498 


520 


515 


522 


526 


523 


523 


520 


520 


532 


522 


465 


577 


535 


540 


564 


608 


542 


538 


529 


549 


517 


519 


496 


513 


515 


522 


526 


526 


524 


520 


520 


526 


522 


483 


542 


513 


531 


570 


610 


526 


534 


530 


525 


522 


512 


497 


517 


518 


526 


522 


523 


525 


521 


518 


531 


518 


522 


481 


509 


533 


586 


570 


524 


530 


531 


539 


500 


505 


493 


519 


518 


524 


520 


518 


525 


526 


518 


522 


521 


445 


492 


525 


532 


500 


542 


529 


532 


519 


520 


499 


510 


492 


517 


522 


522 


522 


518 


525 


524 


520 


520 


517 


423 


502 


514 


532 


529 


544 


528 


524 


532 


542 


509 


500 


493 


517 


507 


525 


520 


518 


522 


527 


520 


518 


518 


432 


530 


508 


534 


540 


500 


527 


520 


533 


517 


510 


499 


498 


515 


509 


523 


520 


520 


522 


520 


525 


520 


526 


445 


537 


523 


542 


525 


472 




519 


538 


526 


510 


503 


498 


516 


520 


519 


520 


525 


528 


519 


525 


520 


519 


495 


531 


530 


538 


550 


548 




524 


558 


532 


510 


501 


405 


516 


518 


524 


523 


522 


520 


520 


523 


518 


521 


478 


495 


531 


540 


542 


588 


509 


525 


544 


518 


490 


500 


500 



498 
501 
500 
5CO 
499 
503 
504 
500 
505 
504 
502 
498 



Term-day readings of the Broolie declinometer, November 15, 1882. 



Om 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



503 


478 


462 


520 


473 


497 


446 


480 


444 


490 


412 


503 


438 


556 


493 


502 


485 


476 


492 


523 


500 


493 


482 


607 


485 


472 


527 


470 


450 


440 


486 


463 


450 


394 


502 


417 


526 


476 


467 


502 


472 


483 


532 


507 


479 


437 


595 


498 


449 


540 


505 


466 


489 


463 


450 


461 


440 


494 


458 


542 


500 


507 


484 


470 


512 


540 


506 


485 


489 


552 


495 


478 


480 


525 


446 


492 


444 


441 


325 


418 


498 


467 


514 


488 


504 


492 


482 


537 


530 


500 


492 


480 


569 


486 


515 


500 


511 


510 


507 


446 


419 


372 


440 


479 


436 


525 


510 


497 


486 


463 


533 


507. 


496 


488 


498 


450 


503 


510 


510 


509 


492 


497 


476 


351 


400 


465 


471 


495 


540 


517 


510 


494 


496 


542 


529 


494 


483 


497 


414 


556 


501 


532 


498 


500 


502 


490 


374 


478 


480 


486 


584 


433 


490 


501 


491 


502 


531 


533 


490 


482 


500 


435 


542 


501 


543 


476 


500 


482 


490 


367 


418 


459 


454 


482 


410 


492 


500 


491 


505 


516 


490 


490 


471 


480 


467 


602 


491 


467 


505 


420 


485 


485 


595 


435 


476 


380 


579 


415 


487 


487 


472 


497 


508 


494 


495 


483 


483 


450 


574 


548 


489 


504 


396 


491 


480 


548 


415 


465 


365 


512 


385 


492 


506 


466 


465 


498 


490 


490 


486 


493 


471 


543 


534 


518 


500 


405 


500 


449 


355 


384 


462 


395 


570 


461 


481 


505 


470 


476 


516 


492 


485 


492 


488 


437 


520 


527 


507 


522 


450 


470 


427 


342 


390 


475 


416 


559 


464 


500 


490 


491 


464 


523 


499 


486 


483 


456 



489 
494 
491 
497 
475 
470 
482 
465 
480 
462 
467 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, December 1, 1882. 



0' 
5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



469 


469 


484 


482 


483 


487 


474 


476 


490 


488 


483 


486 


481 


510 


487 


492 


455 


474 


490 


514 


500 


495 


498 


493 


478 


476 


478 


484 


473 


476 


477 


487 


487 


482 


488 


482 


517 


493 


500 


496 


475 


479 


500 


487 


502 


498 


464 


487 


477 


482 


480 


462 


481 


483 


483 


486 


485 


485 


490 


478 


509 


482 


571. 


479 


497 


490 


484 


504 


498 


498 


480 


486 


484 


485 


451 


490 


473 


486 


483 


486 


485 


492 


509 


464 


500 


566 


474 


491 


483 


483 


506 


503 


466 


488 


490 


491 


479 


453 


491 


489 


487 


486 


488 


484 


485 


533 


491 


507 


496 


492 


497 


482 


480 


515 


499 


481 


483 


495 


478 


487 


473 


498 


484 


500 


488 


492 


481 


482 


515 


495 


522 


471 


480 


503 


490 


489 


512 


488 


482 


475 


486 


483 


483 


483 


503 


487 


490 


487 


490 


486 


482 


501 


474 


520 


473 


478 


496 


500 


488 


504 


488 


475 


486 


478 


483 


485 


483 


502 


487 


494 


487 


491 


486 


459 


429 


480 


480 


476 


486 


492 


495 


493 


493 


485 


469 


478 


470 


484 


489 


474 


494 


485 


495 


487 


488 


485 


453 


470 


488 


531 


463 


491 


494 


492 


492 


488 


485 


484 


485 


473 


484 


491 


478 


488 


486 


496 


485 


488 


482 


472 


458 


508 


578 


463 


488 


494 


493 


493 


495 


485 


471 


483 


477 


493 


485 


476 


484 


480 


490 


482 


489 


479 


454 


455 


484 


525 


470 


492 


492 


510 


496 


500 


498 


470 


486 


476 


490 


486 


475 


467 


482 


491 


480 


484 


479 


542 


474 


489 


531 


462 


487 


503 


502 


495 


499 


496 



502 
514 
499 
501 
500 
5C8 
501 
482 
496 
500 
502 
503 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, December 15, 1882. 



0' 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



488 


483 


484 


500 


485 


488 


488 


486 


484 


487 


483 


479 


468, 


489 


493 


499 


493 


497 


5C4 


500 


510 


519 


495 


483 


483 


485 


484 


485 


485 


488 


490 


485 


488 


483 


477 


475 


487 


495 


497 


492 


488 


507 


500 


505 


520 


511 


483 


484 


484 


488 


484 


485 


484 


488 


487 


488 


484 


474 


484 


481 


496 


495 


494 


490 


509 


525 


514 


519 


488 


483 


484 


481 


488 


484 


482 


489 


488 


488 


488 


482 


473 


485 


481 


500 


498 


490 


497 


505 


524 


510 


517 


484 


483 


484 


483 


487 


483 


486 


488 


488 


490 


488 


485 


470 


484 


479 


495 


496 


490 


499 


507 


536 


502 


520 


467 


483 


484 


485 


487 


486 


486 


488 


488 


489 


488 


485 


467 


475 


484 


495 


494 


495 


502 


505 


518 


516 


527 


475 


483 


483 


483 


486 


4St 


486 


488 


488 


490 


487 


485 


469 


475 


487 


496 


493 


494 


496 


504 


508 


509 


503 


487 


483 


483 


486 


486 


484 


486 


488 


488 


491 


487 


485 


475 


479 


490 


487 


494 


497 


504 


502 


510 


519 


521 


491 


482 


484 


485 


486 


485 


487 


488 


488 


488 


486 


486 


480 


483 


491 


497 


495 


494 


500 


499 


500 


523 


536 


490 


483 


484 


486 


486 


486 


488 


487 


488 


488 


485 


486 


471 


484 


492 


498 


498 


492 


499 


498 


520 


523 


530 


501 


483 


483 


486 


486 


485 


488 


486 j 488 


483 


485 


484 


476 


475 


497 


501 


498 


494 


498 


505 


514 


521 


542 


488 


482 


483 


490 


485 


483 


488 


487 486 


486 


485 


485 


467 


486 


500 


496 


493 


488 


501 


501 


50G 


520 


510 


481 



468 
460 
4C5 
459 
456 
460 
452 
470 
472 
4P0 
465 
479 



534 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, January 2, 1883. 



0' 

5 

10 

15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



Qh 



478 
490 
470 
486 



482 
478 

47!) 
483 



474 | 4 S3 
4S2 ! 483 
493 j 483 
479 485 



470 
472 
481 
460 



<°:i 
493 
481 
48] 



2h 


3, 


481 


480 


480 


482 


477 


479 


432 


479 


483 


479 


485 


485 


4 SO 


472 


480 


48! 


4S1 


482 


478 


481 


4S2 482 


478 


488 



4b 



487 
487 
488 
486 
483 
488 
479 
484 
487 
487 
487 



5b 


6l> 


485 


489 


483 


486 


480 


489 


474 


487 


480 


488 


473 


488 


490 


485 


480 


490 


486 


487 


485 


585 


483 


486 


484 


488 



487 
491 



4S6 



480 
489 
4S8 
4SG 
486 



486 
486 
485 
487 
488 
488 
482 
477 
484 
488 
486 
486 



9h 


10b 

480 


lib 


Noon. 


13h 


14h 


15b 


16b 


485 


484 


485 


446 


425 


526 


515 


480 


484 


4S5 


484 


458 


411 


519 


513 


480 


482 


489 


484 


517 


427 


511 


515 


482 


486 


488 


487 


497 


462 


504 


500 


482 


487 


480 


485 


445 


485 


457 


503 


483 


488 


486 


485 


447 


493 


489 


491 


485 


484 


485 


487 


425 


491 


495 


490 


483 


479 


479 


481 


382 


512 


491 


490 


484 


476 


483 


489 


405 


518 


482 


487 


485 


482 


485 


435 


463 


512 


500 


494 


487 


482 


485 


442 


415 


525 


509 


486 


479 


487 


485 


450 


402 


544 


485 


488 



1-1. 



484 
480 
504 
498 
502 
504 
499 
493 
493 
502 
514 
509 



18b 



512 
519 
515 
515 
520 
523 
522 
5 9 
520 
520 
513 
517 



19h 



20" 



513 536 



500 
510 
529 
5!8 
494 
492 
499 



504 
504 
496 
491 
495 
500 
490 



509 • 515 
514 | 517 
028 I 538 
545- , 547 



21h 


22h 


519 


485 


499 


481 


500 


482 


493 


482 


500 


481 


502 


490 


493 


482 


480 


483 


480 


472 


482 


466 


470 


468 


486 


458 



23b 



468 

468 
472 
477 
479 
472 
482 
480 
484 
487 
482 
479 



Term- day readings of the Brooke declinometer ■, January 15, 1883. 



o 

5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



470 


482 


480 


488 


481 


4S0 ! 


485 


483 


480 


480 


478 


483 


474 


481 


482 


478 


4S4 


4S2 


47S 


4'9 


481 


482 


481 


4S9 


481 


481 


4-3 


478 


484 


480 


480 


486 


481 


482 


480 


482 



482 ' 480 
; 483 480 

4 SO j 482 
490 j 480 
4SG I 480 

483 481 
485 ! 482 
487 482 
487 ' 4S5 
482 ; 481 
482 482 
480 f 482 



484 


481 


490 


787 


486 


484 


486 


480 


495 


646 


490 


499 


523 


490 


512 


501 


484 


488 


485 


484 


490 


486 


484 


484 


486 


475 


484 


524 


498 


492 


522 


522 


529 


515 


496 


474 


486 


485 


485 


488 


484 


484 


489 


385 


510 


500 


491 


495 


524 


511 


534 


510 


490 


454 


485 


486 


485 


487 


485 


485 


488 


452 


492 


455 


491 


488 


521 


519 


520 


515 


491 


472 


483 


487 


485 


485 


485 


485 


484 


448 


473 


459 


490 


494 


520 


519 


535 


512 


486 


476 


480 


485 


485 


486 


486 


485 


488 


480 


539 


478 


509 


494 


5! 8 


519 


547 


514 


492 


471 


483 


486 


485 


485 


487 


487 


492 


451 


486 


490 


505 


495 


526 


528 


550 


513 


490 


465 


481 


494 


488 


485 


486 


488 


493 


462 


485 


500 


501 


494 


522 


512 


583 


501 


001 


469 


482 


479 


4S7 


486 


4S5 


489 


512 


470 


452 


489 


500 


499 


526 


505 


530 


484 


493 


476 


479 


485 


487 


486 


4S6 


487 


476 


480 


436 


491 


496 


510 


529 


499 


042 


487 


488 


475 


483 


485 


486 


485 


485 


485 


458 


464 


514 


497 


508 


523 


533 


495 


51 5 


495 


462 


472 


482 


485 


488 


485 


485 


485 


487 


472 


533 


496 


504 


525 


511 


499 


504 


489 


473 


468 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, February 1, 18S3. 



470 

452 
405 
472 
472 
480 
445 
405 
4S8 
4C0 
488 
484 



0m 

-5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



486 


475 


484 


480 


479 


482 | 


473 


481 


475 


479 


476 


482 


481 


482 


478 


481 


477 


478 


474 


478 


475 


478 


476 


470 



474 
473 
472 
471 
472 
473 
475 
481 
482 
485 
486 
490 



488 


479 


480 


481 


487 


479 


488 


485 


486 


495 


484 


480 


482 


481 


483 


478 


482 


472 


482 


470 


480 


460 


478 


469 



470 


488 


485 


483 


486 


483 


482 


470 


470 


486 


483 


499 


498 


534 


790 


459 


589 


652 


468 


488 


486 


488 


486 


■482 


481 


473 


433 


492 


486 


492 


499 


536 


610 


402 


503 


573 


408 


4S8 


486 


481 


485 


482 


473 


476 


398 


495 


489 


492 


502 


519 


094 


433 


513 


402 


483 


489 


483 


4S5 


485 


482 


469 


459 


445 


488 


495 


500 


511 


522 


662 


463 


670 


930 


486 


488 


486 


484 


484 


481 


473 


460 


476 


490 


488 


499 


529 


541 


603 


466 


679 


298 


4S6 


489 


485 


486 


484 


481 


485 


458 


476 


493 


488 


492 


523 


529 


534 


022 


540 


682 


487 


486 


486 


486 


486 


480 


478 


469 


490 


492 


493 


497 


522 


544 


042 


590 


022 


598 


489 


486 


486 


488 


488 


480 


483 


473 


480 


492 


497 


497 


023 


541 


471 


601 


006 


399 


489 


486 


486 


487 


487 


476 


490 


481: 


500 


486 


492 


496 


033 


083 


462 


609 


500 


469 


492 


486 


486 


486 


485 


476 


475 


487 


465 


480 


487 


498 


040 


021 


510 


098 


540 


546 


498 


485 


485 


488 


484 


475 


462 


483 


483 


487 


498 


490 


543 


564 


500 


609 


568 


441 


488 


485 


486 


485 


483 


481 


463 


479 


500 


483 


494 


497 


541 


752 


464 


650 


572 


629 



699 

403 
383 
379 
504 
420 
400 
4:2 
4--0 
409 
407 
413 



Term- day readings of the Brooke declinometer, February 15, 1883. 



0:n 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



472 


482 


483 


480 


495 


487 


486 


484 


479 


482 


484 


479 


482 


490 


490 


487 


487 


485 


489 


486 


489 


480 


483 


469 


481 


488 


478 


491 


482 


486 


485 


481 


482 


484 


477 


476 


486 


489 


490 


487 


482 


487 


488 


488 


482 


481 


467 


408 


479 


478 


492 


482 


486 


481 


478 


485 


484 


481 


450 


487 


486 


491 


484 


484 


4S0 


4*7 


488 


48 1 


482 


461 


474 


477 


467 


492 


484 


486 


478 


511 


485 


482 


482 


461 


474 


486 


488 


483 


486 


484 


487 


492 


481 


483 


470 


485 


482 


470 


490 


484 


488 


478 


512 


484 


482 


480 


483 


471 


485 


484 


486 


4 




490 


488 


479 


480 


472 


482 


432 


472 


488 


485 


486 


480 


512 


483 


481 


499 


488 


470 


488 


485 


465 


491 


480 


487 


486 


485 


482 


467 


485 


487 


482 


486 


485 


486 


481 


510 


480 


481 


482 


519 


480 


491 


487 


486 


490 


489 


488 


486 


4-^3 


482 


468 


486 


482 


482 


485 


483 


485 


482 


480 


482 


482 


480 


489 


496 


487 


486 


483 


497 


466 


480 


486 


485 


482 


473 


489 


472 


483 


484 


485 


485 


482 


480 


481 


4$4 


482 


472 


491 


485 


485 


483 


482 


483 


485 


4S5 


482 


482 


464 


486 


478 


483 


4 SO 


485 


487 


482 


478 


481 


484 


480 


467 


492 


487 


487 


487 


493 


484 


485 


484 


485 


481 


465 


486 


4S1 


490 


480 


486 


486 


482 


479 


479 


483 


479 


487 


488 


491 


488 


485 


492 


480 


490 


493 


480 


483 


477 


486 


476 


493 


485 


486 


483 


484 


482 


481 


481 


493 


488 


489 


490 


488 


484 


491 


488 


4S9 


494 


482 


482 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, March 1, 1883. 



478 
475 
478 
499 
501 
494 
492 
489 
483 
485 
489 
481 



On 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
30 
40 
40 
50 
55 



472 


490 


480 


468 


465 


473 


457 


467 


477 


491 


581 


445 


448 


250 


479 


513 


506 


589 


480 


546 


652 


500 


492 


473 


489 


479 


473 


478 


462 


453 


468 


485 


476 


539 


444 


555 


290 


529 


551 


495 


560 


400 


540 


552 


490 


500 


480 


437 


484 


403 


468 


463 


466 


468 


490 


480 


555 


400 


562 


288 


054 


566 


500 


552 


468 


559 


537 


442 


461 


448 


489 


486 


456 


406 


468 


466 


465 


489 


475 


502 


500 


395 


350 


546 


552 


520 


504 


488 


592 


5S5 


480 


456 


482 


488 


480 


479 


460 


482 


483 


460 


492 


474 


469 


458 


416 


405 


534 


544 


590 


500 


520 


OL5 


555 


498 


443 


487 


481 


472 


479 


469 


482 


506 


464 


492 


412 


485 


449 


475 


418 


508 


455 


578 


498 


534 


550 


584 


467 


502 


483 


481 


472 


472 


476 


479 


505 


464 


492 


452 


512 


485 


530 


413 


467 


410 


562 


480 


514 


730 


4SS 


402 


470 


487 


483 


474 


472 


470 


474 


457 


464 


487 


510 


468 


490 


591 


412 


487 


454 


529 


492 


522 


502 


406 


473 


45'6 


494 


483 


472 


473 


488 


460 


462 


464 


484 


491 


466 


439 


692 


437 


550 


479 


507 


511 


530 


670 


503 


502 


464 


470 


479 


473 


464 


4S7 


409 


443 


408 


482 


487 


,439 


447 


620 


476 


488 


497 


529 


470 


541 


595 


510 


433 


473 


482 


478 


477 


480 


489 


404 


460 


464 


498 


486 


400 


455 


225 


500 


482 


521 


454 


449 


578 


630 


601 


460 


463 


488 


478 


473 


478 


478 


408 


407 


461 


502 


506 


502 


413 


(200?) 


477 


496 


536 


495 


465 


592 


503 


519 


475 


484 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, March 15, 1883. 



On: 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
60 



476 


480 


479 


481 


482 


477 


481 


480 


473 


466 


480 


527 


470 


495 


492 


491 


510 


500 


492 


496 


490 


491 


484 


476 


480 


482 


473 


484 


479 


483 


478 


474 


4S6 


487 


020 


470 


486 


492 


486 


506 


492 


491 


490 


497 


488 


483 


475 


480 


481 


485 


489 


481 


484 


484 


472 


500 


488 


454 


479 


496 


488 


482 


499 


490 


490 


502 


491 


482 


484 


479 


480 


482 


475 


478 


478 


483 


487 


504 


496 


486 


479 


488 


496 


490 


475 


497 


499 


496 


499 


490 


482 


480 


476 


482 


480 


487 


480 


478 


488 


480 


493 


492 


485 


449 


497 


491 


480 


480 


4fl(i 


492 


497 


492 


492 


479 


484 


479 


482 


481 


479 


486 


461 


478 


485 


525 


498 


484 


400 


000 


487 


485 


484 


497 


489 


403 


491 


498 


4S4 


485 


479 


480 


481 


471 


483 


479 


482 


483 


484 


488 


480 


492 


498 


490 


484 


488 


496 


4S8 


487 


492 


492 


484 


486 


479 


482 


478 


470 


484 


475 


485 


481 


560 


488 


505 


488 


485 


497 


4S3 


469 


502 


490 


494 


492 


490 


487 


484 


477 


481 


479 


460 


484 


478 


487 


484 


438 


487 


505 


473 


479 


493 


484 


497 


499 


486 


504 


490 


490 


485 


485 


479 


482 


477 


464 


479 


470 


484 


477 


439 


480 


514 


484 


484 


497 


486 


500 


004 


4S7 


505 


482 


4S8 


483 


484 


483 


481 


478 


472 


479 


472 


488 


473 


488 


472 


012 


409 


486 


494 


490 


500 


500 


490 


502 


480 


480 


486 


482 


481 


■181 


479 


478 


482 


475 


491 


473 


407 


470 


488 


438 


484 


492 


489 


512 


501 


491 


502 


494 


490 


488 


481 



490 
470 
483 
500 
052 
4C0 
467 
465 
486 
477 
499 
480 



484 
482 
485 
485 
483 
480 
462 
486 
485 
488 
483 
484 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA 



535 



Term-day readings of the Broolce declinometer ; April 1, 1883. 





0>> 


lb 


2h 


3i> 


4h 


5h 


6b 


7b 


8h 


9h 


101' 


Uh 


Noon. 


13b 


14b 


15b 


16b 


17h 


18b 


19h 


20b 


21b 


22b 


23h 




4fi4 


467 


439 


465 


459 


460 


470 


470 


478 


460 


482 


473 


478 


482 


476 


485 


481 


495 


515 


501 


483 


500 


405 


475 


5 


463 


467 


475 


477 


459 


460 


473 


471 


488 


449 


479 


480 


495 


444 


475 


485 


498 


497 


514 


494 


486 


496 


467 


478 


10 


458 


470 


477 


448 


464 


408 


470 


474 


483 


451 


481 


480 


498 


460 


470 


493 


483 


500 


514 


498 


492 


492 


468 


476 


15 


455 


466 


473 


450 


462 


46R 


463 


480 


477 


454 


474 


487 


498 


455 


473 


498 


491 


491 


510 


486 


491 


489 


469 


475 


20 


460 


470 


467 


460 


468 


470 


478 


474 


450 


460 


480 


489 


402 


474 


469 


479 


499 


494 


502 


489 


489 


486 


469 


474 


25 


464 


471 


468 


460 


473 


469 


474 


483 


484 


480 


486 


481 


503 


470 


478 


478 


497 


507 


501 


490 


488 


488 


468 


477 


30 


468 


477 


467 


455 


473 


463 


479 


492 


483 


483 


488 


474 


498 


467 


485 


484 


501 


499 


499 


495 


488 


488 


470 


480 


35 


465 


481 


468 


456 


472 


462 


480 


495 


486 


483 


472 


477 


490 


512 


485 


473 


492 


505 


500 


492 


485 


480 


473 


478 


40 


466 


472 


470 


401 


468 


409 


477 


493 


462 


479 


407 


474 


485 


480 


483 


473 


499 


500 


496 


488 


484 


474 


473 


478 


45 


465 


477 


473 


464 


461 


470 


473 


482 


469 


482 


486 


479 


445 


491 


473 


481 


499 


499 


505 


486 


496 


470 


473 


479 


50 


465 


465 


473 


469 


462 


472 


475 


462 


450 


482 


485 


480 


482 


485 


479 


487 


485 


509 


508 


488 


501 


467 


477 


476 


55 


462 


463 


468 


470 


460 


474 


472 


473 


464 


463 


480 


481 


470 


484 


481 


476 


495 


510 


503 


494 


504 


464 


477 


473 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, April 15, 1883. 



o 

5 

10 

15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



474 


473 


472 


473 


474 


473 


472 


479 


478 


474 


471 


470 


497 


478 


472 


496 


495 


524 


492 


490 


482 


486 


478 


476 


473 


472 


473 


474 


473 


474 


473 


478 


475 


470 


479 


470 


478 


473 


510 


499 


591 


497 


494 


481 


486 


484 


478 


472 


473 


473 


473 


474 


473 


473 


481) 


473 


473 


482 


470 


470 


478 


527 


493 


577 


485 


499 


483 


487 


483 


475 


471 


473 


473 


472 


474 


474 


476 


478 


474 


470 


478 


472 


455 


474 


521 


498 


505 


491 


490 


488 


488 


483 


474 


473 


473 


473 


473 


475 


475 


474 


478 


475 


475 


475 


471 


463 


475 


517 


500 


510 


497 


493 


489 


487 


486 


474 


473 


473 


473 


475 


474 


475 


476 


478 


476 


472 


479 


464 


480 


475 


509 


504 


498 


493 


488 


484 


490 


492 


474 


473 


.472 


473 


475 


474 


477 


480 


475 


476 


471 


492 


468 


481 


476 


599 


527 


475 


489 


480 


489 


489 


495 


474 


473 


472 


473 


474 


475 


475 


480 


478 


476 


470 


510 


470 


478 


477 


498 


555 


486 


494 


482 


483 


487 


500 


474 


473 


471 


473 


472 


474 


476 


478 


475 


476 


470 


512 


472 


470 


473 


483 


521 


492 


492 


480 


485 


485 


501 


474 


472 


472 


473 


471 


475 


4*6 


478 


477 


475 


469 


501 


474 


470 


471 


489 


531 


500 


491 


481 


488 


480 


499 


473 


472 


471 


473 


474 


475 


472 


478 


478 


474 


468 


491 


474 


469 


476 


497 


508 


499 


503 


484 


489 


481 


494 


472 


472 


472 


474 


472 


475 


477 


478 


776 


474 


470 


463 


476 


475 


480 


492 


526 


487 


497 


486 


490 


483 


491 



489 
488 
489- 
486 
482 
483 
484 
483 
483 
480 
482 
481 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, May 1, 1883. 



0' 
5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



457 


466 


470 


464 


452 


465 


452 


452 


442 


482 


453 


475 


459 


459 


475 


480 


477 


492 


558 


521 


523. 


488 


492 


461 


467 


468 


405 


458 


467 


446 


456 


435 


467 


455 


476 


465 


466 


475 


488 


484 


503 


572 


513 


506 


495 


492 


463 


466 


465 


474 


459 


463 


443 


447 


441 


486 


487 


470 


480 


453 


476 


481 


485 


512 


543 


512 


532 


499 


500 


454 


471 


453 


406 


469 


456 


437 


447 


449 


468 


462 


471 


544 


449 


481 


479 


489 


511 


496 


505 


528 


492 


506 


460 


460 


462 


466 


471 


451 


450 


450 


445 


471 


450 


475 


529 


456 


472 


489 


493 


505 


542 


51.1 


503 


500 


498 


464 


462 


467 


404 


473 


449 


442 


407 


459 


473 


465 


464 


483 


460 


498 


483 


486 


509 


521 


519 


542 


502 


478 


462 


464 


473 


464 


472 


449 


454 


464 


453 


477 


464 


468 


444 


490 


481 


493 


497 


511 


530 


516 


528 


497 


481, 


464 


402 


473 


403 


409 


462 


453 


480 


471 


462 


469 


472 


484 


465 


485 


493 


502 


512 


513 


509 


514 


499 


493 


463 


455 


469 


464 


406 


463 


403 


487 


477 


469 


475 


465 


497 


475 


470 


488 


497 


525 


516 


539 


507 


497 


496 


464 


454 


468 


400 


457 


404 


464 


485 


475 


467 


476 


440 


509 


474 


476 


482 


496 


518 


509 


532 


485 


496 


477 


458 


409 


466 


455 


456 


461 


464 


470 


474 


453 


470 


520 


495 


492 


479 


486 


497 


516 


511 


493 


470 


499 


473 


464 


470 


467 


455 


456 


464 


459 


470 


472 


449 


462 


509 


450 


491 


479 


474 


494 


535 


518 


531 


482 


500 


401 



Term-day readings of the Broolce declinometer, May 15, 1883. 



472 
480 
475 
481 
472 
474 
487 
492 
484 
475 



0' 
5 
10 

15 

20 

25 
3(. 
35 
40 

45 

5(1 
55 



462 
462 
462 
462 
463 
460 
460 
462 
401 
400 
461 
463 



463 
465 
464 
464 
460 
402 
461 
463 
465 
462 
462 



463 


466 


466 


465 


470 


467 


467 


483 


465 


451 


459 


482 


481 


481 


498 


495 


514 


509 


488 


461 


466 


463 


465 


463 


468 


467 


467 


470 


521 


406 


457 


460 


447 


483 


485 


490 


498 


530 


516 


482 


463 


466 


462 


405 


460 


470 


468 


468 


465 


497 


463 


454 


471 


488 


482 


483 


498 


501 


523 


505 


481 


462 


467 


463 


465 


459 


470 


468 


465 


468 


458 


470 


451 


456 


467 


481 


484 


494 


504 


511 


500 


490 


563 


467 


463 


465 


458 


470 


463 


465 


465 


438 


484 


470 


459 


479 


479 


488 


502 


500 


508 


499 


487 


403 


467 


462 


467 


465 


470 


460 


465 


465 


459 


489 


427 


468 


477 


482 


493 


519 


499 


517 


495 


492 


462 


466 


463 


468 


467 


470 


455 


465 


403 


468 


487 


432 


461 


486 


483 


495 


519 


500 


533 


493 


491 


464 


467 


463 


473 


468 


408 


455. 


465 


407 


466 


476 


478 


459 


467 


479 


484 


509 


519 


530 


491 


491 


463 


468 


465 


463 


470 


463 


457 


465 


472 


487 


438 


477 


460 


477 


482 


490 


510 


514 


526 


486 


494 


464 


469 


466 


463 


455 


460 


459 


465 


473 


480 


454 


447 


452 


485 


479 


485 


501 


519 


530 


485 


481 


465 


469 


4 05 


465 


464 


462 


462 


466 


483 


469 


487 


452 


441 


480 


486 


487 


498 


524 


520 


485 


462 


466 


469 


467 


468 


463 


462 


467 


467 


485 


468 


458 


457 


466 


481 


480 


492 


497 


544 


515 


489 


462 


466 


470 



470 
469 
468 
467 
467 
468 
468 
468 
402 
466 
467 



Term- day readings of the Brooke declinometer, June 1, 1883. 



0m . 

5 . 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
25 



467 


460 


465 


459 


459 


459 


473 


485 


485 


474 


464 


447 


446 


462 


483 


476 


517 


519 


499 


527 


555 


525 


473 


46!) 


464 


460 


457 


456 


465 


474 


480 


486 


473 


461 


448 


441 


462 


478 


471 


508 


533 


486 


544 


520 


524 


473 


406 


407 


401 


454 


456 


4J1 


478 


486 


482 


473 


464 


452 


438 


469 


489 


472 


513 


531 


497 


552 


542 


526 


466 


464 


471 


458 


454 


464 


401 


462 


491 


479 


473 


468 


449 


446 


468 


495 


472 


485 


535 


484 


560 


521 


484 


465 


464 


470 


458 


450 


459 


401 


459 


490 


478 


473 


456 


451 


453 


467 


497 


472 


491 


505 


521 


564 


523 


479 


466 


477 


472 


466 


460 


407 


461 


473 


492 


477 


473 


469 


453 


458 


475 


489 


477 


512 


496 


530 


583 


528 


470 


470 


477 


475 


464 


458 


466 


469 


475 


478 


476 


471 


465 


451 


400 


478 


486 


473 


524 


500 


548 


579 


514 


467 


406 


478 


476 


460 


460 


461 


471 


469 


489 


476 


470 


462 


436 


440 


480 


482 


478 


529 


506 


544 


538 


515 


480 


477 


474 


462 


462 


460 


457 


473 


457 


486 


475 


469 


463 


429 


453 


475 


483 


480 


514 


520 


547 


540 


512 


485 


469 


472 


470 


453 


458 


455 


472 


466 


486 


475 


468 


454 


431 


456 


479 


486 


488 


492 


540 


549 


552 


504 


471 


459 


474 


472 


457 


452 


461 


472 


477 


484 


475 


466 


454 


448 


474 


482 


485 


506 


494 


549 


536 


563 


514 


473 


460 


470 


465 


461 


460 


464 


468 


484 


490 


475 


463 


451 


465 


463 


481 


480 


520 


506 


539 


524 


554 


528 


478 


466 



465 
463 
459 
456 
454 
451 
450 
453 
454 
455 
456 
458 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, June 15, 1883. 



0m 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



408 


458 


472 


471 


472 


468 


470 


476 


474 


477 


474 


475 


475 


476 


474 


483 


469 


459 


469 


473 


465 


467 


474 


475 


473 


477 


470 


472 


777 


475 


473 


484 


470 


459 


477 


467 


468 


409 


471 


475 


474 


475 


477 


473 


478 


476 


473 


483 


481 


459 


469 


463 


466 


471 


473 


470 


473 


476 


476 


473 


478 


476 


475 


483 


476 


457 


467 


465 


464 


471 


474 


476 


473 


476 


476 


472 


476 


478 


477 


483 


469 


461 


473 


469 


462 


470 


473 


475 


472 


475 


474 


472 


476 


477 


476 


481 


467 


462 


475 


469 


463 


470 


474 


475 


466 


474 


474 


472 


477 


473 


475 


478 


470 


467 


465 


470 


463 


470 


474 


475 


472 


475 


474 


473 


475 


473 


477 


479 


40V 


465 


460 


474 


463 


470 


474 


474 


473 


476 


474 


473 


477 


475 


481 


480 


470 


465 


465 


470 


463 


470 


474 


474 


474 


477 


475 


470 


478 


474 


479 


482 


461 


468 


469 


480 


403 


472 


475 


474 


472 


476 


475 


409 


477 


470 


478 


484 


458 


469 


471 


469 


468 


471 


475 


474 


473 


474 


475 


474 


477 


473 


485 


483 



483 


485 


494 


510 


516 


495 


471 


490 


482 | 494 


504 


514 


495 


472 


489 


485 | 496 


492 


517 


484 


473 


490 


490 


498 


494 


512 


472 


473 


483 


500 


495 


491 


496 


470 


474 


482 


501 


485 


483 


483 


468 


472 


484 


496 


484 


482 


486 


471 


474 


480 


488 


482 


483 


484 


470 


475 


486 


485 


485 


490 


484 


469 


473 


494 


487 


492 


490 


481 . 


469 


471 


486 


486 


500 


502 


491 


472 


409 


487 


492 508 


509 


487 


470 


473 



470 
468 
474 
470 
468 
467 
466 
464 
467 
469 
476 
472 



536 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, July 1, 1883. 





0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


C 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


V$» 


14" 


IS* 


IB" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23» 


Om 


481 


483 


481 


476 


469 


474 


449 


469 


386 


437 


473 


436 


493 


432 


454 


443 


494 


463 


583 


531 


576 


509 


473 


492 


5 


498 


507 


515 


476 


447 


466 


457 


471 


379 


429 


452 


467 


462 


416 


451 


436 


507 


463 


525 


547 


554 


499 


485 


485 


10 


494 


512 


496 


477 


472 


452 


484 


473 


394 


437 


461 


452 


479 


440 


449 


428 


502 


500 


570 


610 


607 


527 


483 


488 


15 


484 


523 


489 


484 


470 


443 


505 


477 


408 


437 


471 


478 


477 


454 


409 


489 


506 504 


558 


549 


506 


509 


472 


470 


20 


496 


485 


511 


497 


466 


420 


500 


481 


417 


430 


462 


469 


442 


428 


477 


488 


501 


503 


583 


563 


532 


529 


464 


458 


25 


483 


450 


506 


465 


467 


418 


494 


462 


419 


426 


487 


468 


438 


430 


489 


466 


503 


518 


700 


572 


602 


502 


469 


462 


30 


484 


494 


463 


463 


467 


457 


490 


457 


420 


421 


458 


482 


428 


425 


590 


470 


491 


562 


570 


515 


635 


483 


456 


473 


35 


469 


500 


496 


465 


485 


472 


494 


439 


422 


425 


453 


456 


399 


442 


584 


484 


463 


519 


538 


559 


509 


468 


454 


478 


40 


474 


498 


474 


472 


466 


446 


493 


427 


419 


417 


436 


435 


334 


450 


529 


564 


460 


527 


566 


630 


514 


467 


450 


496 


45 


464 


490 


434 


471 


457 


.449 


478 


410 


424 


431 


415 


427 


354 


468 


498 


482 


477 


542 


631 


655 


481 


473 


484 


502 


50 


484 


518 


447 


489 


463 


460 


469 


392 


422 


421 


434 


447 


418 


458 


432 


525 


481 


555 


592 


602 


482 


474 


506 


486 


55 


477 


460 


432 


481 


463 


448 


479 


389 


441 


464 


415 


447 


447 


450 


433 


528 


452 


549 


603 


600 


504 


489 


507 


522 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, July 15, 1883. 



0m 


466 


465 


467 


470 


469 


469 


469 


475 


466 


483 


475 


475 


473 


474 


478 


465 


451 


509 


433 


560 


478 


496 


468 


527 


5 


457 


464 


466 


471 


465 


471 


469 


471 


472 


474 


474 


479 


476 


475 


481 


466 


456 


539 


674 


414 


446 


496 


465 


536 


16 


467 


464 


465 


468 


466 


470 


473 


467 


475 


477 


476 


479 


475 


473 


478 


470 


476 


558 


682 


510 


423 


483 


462 


527 


15 


467 


471 


467 


467 


466 


468 


472 


467 


470 


474 


473 


475 


474 


468 


479 


468 


482 


523 


571 


582 


427 


467 


476 


512 


20 


467 


463 


467 


468 


467 


467 


472 


468 


474 


472 


470 


469 


476 


470 


478 


463 


476 


542 


544 


525 


436 


447 


500 


509 


25 


466 


460 


465 


465 


468 


463 


470 


466 


47(1 


471 


468 


468 


473 


475 


482 


454 


482 


535 


573 


559 


426 


444 


531 


514 


30 


465 


463 


465 


463 


469 


468 


467 


465 


466 


470 


479 


470 


476 


476 


477 


449 


495 


490 


648 


550 


454 


445 


522 


504 


35 


465 


447 


465 


464 


474 


467 


470 


467 


463 


471 


481 


471 


476. 


474 


484 


441 


495 


570 


712 


555 


471 


449 


513 


472 


40 


465 


460 


463 


465 


467 


468 


472 


460 


466 


477 


479 


471 


475 


478 


486 


459 


486 


482 


695 


499 


494 


452 


516 


460 


45 


463 


463 


464 


463 


467 


469 


475 


467 


471 


477 


475 


473 


473 


477 


485 


478 


510 


519 


670 


495 


499 


456 


512 


446 


50 


466 


465 


465 


464 


469 


468 


474 


459 


473 


473 


470 


471 


473 


476 


481 


473 


510 


548 


584 


450 


495 


460 


524 


424 


55 


465 


466 


466 


465 


469 


470 


467 


458 


474 


479 


474 


472 


475 


477 


478 


452 


511 


505 


824 


461 


497 


462 


511 


446 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, August 1, 1883. 



0™ 


499 


472 


470 


466 


440 


441 


420 


509 


498 


406 


411 


484 


384 


450 


444 


478 


473 


518 


532 


546 


463 


532 


502 


428 


5 


501 


460 


480 


471 


454 


467 


422 


503 


488 


377 


390 


338 


390 


479 


440 


475 


487 


531 


552 


539 


468 


534 


504 


443 


10 


506 


475 


465 


470 


451 


451 


466 


493 


480 


381 


394 


290 


380 


468 


441 


471 


485 


520 


539 


501 


474 


511 


490 


446 


15 


513 


478 


476 


454 


457 


437 


453 


506 


484 


380 


400 


288 


424 


457 


457 


463 


488 


519 


550 


482 


480 


502 


478 


458 


20 


533 


507 


468 


475 


461 


418 


452 


490 


477 


367 


381 


321 


476 


444 


473 


458 


493 


506 


515 


442 


471 


504 


507 


453 


25 


534 


481 


484 


476 


470 


437 


473 


502 


466 


360 


453 


449 


471 


402 


489 


461 


487 


474 


498 


480 


470 


506 


512 


449 


30 


539 


436 


482 


470 


482 


451 


470 


490 


456 


369 


550 


455 


440 


431 


514 


476 


495 


472 


488 


491 


475 


485 


496 


446 


35 


534 


466 


470 


464 


484 


395 


456 


481 


448 


380 


535 


440 


432 


446 


561 


473 


485 


488 


483 


478 


490 


475 


483 


455 


40 


533 


498 


488 


447 


457 


466 


505 


490 


450 


400 


527 


454 


414 


450 


562 


470 


491 


522 


484 


476 


519 


463 


469 


459 


45 


563 


450 


466 


450 


403 


440 


493 


492 


434 


383 


434 


439 


451 


455 


527 


455 


495 


556 


529 


471 


553 


504 


474 


468 


50 


500 


491 


438 


455 


397 


432 


504 


480 


426 


403 


432 


415 


449 


455 


510 


450 


494 


524 


562 


482 


572 


515 


440 


427 


55 


485 


481 


473 


447 


429 


470 


489 


497 


416 


446 


371 


444 


456 


458 


476 


452 


500 


518 


555 


474 


566 


5.19 


418 


434 



Term-day readings of the Brooke declinometer, August 15, 1883. 



0» 


505 


477 


464 


463 


464 


462 


468 


470 


468 


462 


465 


477 


475 


470 


483 


486 


491 


497 


491 


480 


472 


466 


465 


466 


5 


548 


468 


462 


464 


461 


461 


469 


475 


462 


462 


467 


473 


474 


476 


480 


486 


490 


499 


491. 


479 


465 


466 


467 


466 


10 


511 


464 


471 


456 


452 


468 


457 


474 


466 


463 


467 


467 


477 


471 


481 


484 


486 


498 


492 


482 


477 


469 


472 


468 


15 


407 


470 


465 


470 


450 


470 


454 


473 


469 


463 


466 


466 


477 


474 


482 


484 


491 


495 


491 


483 


476 


471 


468 


468 


20 


458 


443 


460 


470 


450 


475 


453 


470 


472 


464 


461 


478 


475 


473 


481 


483 


490 


488 


488 


481 


473 


469 


465 


468 


25 


451 


447 


464 


465 


451 


479 


461 


470 


475 


465 


455 


486 


473 


475 


485 


482 


493 


486 


488 


478 


471 


470 


466 


469 


30 


471 


465 


463 


469 


461 


472 


466 


468 


460 


465 


483 


474 


473 


473 


480 


478 


495 


486 


484 


478 


471 


466 


470 


468 


35 


448 


442 


468 


462 


460 


465 


464 


468 


470 


468 


438 


482 


464 


477 


477 


483 


495 


483 


486 


478 


469 


469 


465 


468 


40 


463 


456 


465 


465 


457 


465 


469 


467 


469 


468 


46 L 


477 


475 


479 


482 


482 


493 


486 


486 


476 


473 


467 


471 


468 


45 


468 


456 


458 


470 


464 


454 


466 


465 


463 


471 


465 


483 


482 


481 


486 


485 


492 


488 


483 


476 


477 


471 


467 


469 


50 


485 


444 


463 


465 


462 


464 


464 


468 


462 


470 


477 


477 


481 


482 


486 


490 


495 


489 


484 


475 


477 


470 


469 


470 


55 


479 


453 


457 


465 


470 


463 


467 


472 


463 


467 


471 


477 


480 


483 


487 


492 


495 


488 


485 


473 


472 


472 


469 


471 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



537 



READINGS OF THE BIFILAB MAGNETOMETER ON TERM-DAYS, UGLAAMIE, ALASKA, SEPTEMBER, 

1882, TO A VG UST, 1883. 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bijilar magnetometer, September 15, 1882. 

[Gottingen time is employed.] 





OH 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5>> 


6" 


Jh 


8" 


9" 


10" 


ll h 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


10 h 


17" 


18" 


lfi 1 ' 


20" 


21" 


22 h 


23* 


0» 


830 


807 


812 


838 


818 


853 


892 


844 


670 


763 


930 


840 


716 


700 


745 


713 


768 


790 


832 


792 


850 


834 


824 


860 


5 


815 


815 


828 


841 


815 


835 


905 


844 


768 


747 


875 


815 


620 


770 


747 


745 


758 


819 


828 


796 


850 


830 


828 


860 


10 


811 


805 


831 


834 


805 


830 


913 


855 


760 


695 


870 


842 


678 


750 


766 


755 


753 


814 


828 


792 


851 


838 


830 


862 


15 


812 


787 


850 


837 


795 


834 


913 


853 


845 


435 


945 


851 


625 


762 


775 


737 


759 


807 


824 


795 


855 


841 


835 


857 




812 


817 


R90 


815 


806 


848 


900 


833 


825 


781 


995 


837 


610 


090 


741 


736 


764 


808 


821 


799 


851 


840 


848 


859 


25 


819 


793 


862 


798 


793 


862 


878 


822 


810 


825 


882 


794 


733 


711 


702 


742 


737 


821 


822 


805 


850 


838 


849 


861 


30 


80+ 


812 


850 


792 


827 


852 


853 


822 


723 


860 


890 


682 


755 


733 


693 


711 


735 


822 


814 


812 


846 


836 


859 


864 


35 


81 (i 


800 


833 


802 


826- 


850 


803 


818 


778 


826 


875 


673 


762 


760 


696 


733 


720 


828 


812 


822 


835 


835 


805 


867 


40 


81 fi 


803 


838 


810 


827 


853 


781 


762 


6fil 


865 


843 


707 


794 


763 


680 


734 


748 


824 


806 


835 


838 


833 


859 


862 


45 


788 


704 


80!) 


828 


838 


850 


860 


700 


895 


839 


792 


633 


789 


739 


727 


742 


720 


827 


807 


843 


832 


830 


856 


864 


50 


802 


820 


817 


829 


850 


869 


855 


650 


874 


873 


805 


669 


727 


716 


731 


741 


796 


830 


805 


847 


825 


828 


855 


865 


55 


810 


841 


848 


832 


863 


871 


870 


752 


898 


850 


830 


629 


725 


753 


746 


756 


784 


833 


801 


852 


822 


826 


855 


866 



Term-day readings of the BrooJce bijilar magnetometer, October 1, 1882. 





0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


jh 


8" 


9' 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23" 


0™ 


555 


578 


594 


601 


592 


565 


600 


602 


605 


606 


615 


551 


621 


602 


610 


615 


515 


580 


600 


618 


619 


625 


600 


617 


5 


555 


578 


596 


598 


592 


568 


600 


603 


610 


610 


621 


540 


015 


581 


610 


615 


519 


583 


000 


616 


620 


622 


593 


611 


10 


554 


578 


594 


598 


585 


573 


598 


605 


611 


611 


616 


561 


603 


585 


612 


612 


530 


586 


593 


611 


620 


620 


598 


608 


15 


553 


580 


593 


596 


579 


578 


599 


604 


612 


612 


592 


566 


590 


611 


592 


580 


532 


587 


598 


610 


620 


621 


605 


610 


20 


554 


581 


595 


596 


553 


580 


600 


603 


610 


614 


599 


585 


580 


578 


600 


581 


532 


587 


001 


613 


619 


616 


610 


605 


25 


559 


585 


602 


598 


541 


585 


598 


603 


610 


616 


600 


569 


605 


598 


009 


573 


541 


595 


603 


615 


619 


615 


616 


611 


30 


568 


590 


602 


599 


550 


586 


597 


603 


596 


621 


605 


560 


600 


605 


604 


562 


547 


610 


611 


616 


618 


611 


614 


600 


35 


569 


594 


604 


599 


549 


588 


598 


602 


598 


623 


597 


569 


610 


613 


605 


563 


562 


604 


013 


620 


620 


612 


613 


588 


40 


571 


594 


610 


595 


553 


586 


598 


602 


600 


622 


562 


581 


619 


611 


610 


563 


571 


600 


616 


623 


620 


615 


614 


585 


45 


575 


594 


605 


594 


559 


592 


598 


605 


602 


622 


451 


580 


628 


613 


610 


504 


584 


598 


619 


622 


620 


613 


614 


582 


50 


576 


597 


602 


595 


560 


595 


601 


605 


603 


619 


550 


594 


620 


601 


615 


501 


569 


615 


618 


619 


619 


608 


612 


590 


55 


577 


594 


601 


590 


565 


600 


604 


605 


605 


617 


509 


600 


610 


604 


619 


515 


572 


609 


617 


618 


622 


609 


614 


593 



Term- day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, October 15, 1882. 



5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


«" 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


10" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 

479 


470 


493 


533 


542 


544 


544 


489 


456 


628 


329 


283 


350 


267 


255 


359 


401 


363 


260 


419 


458 


464 


483 


458 


500 


530 


542 


528 


548 


488 


451 


525 


367 


310 


347 


298 


369 


328 


300 


360 


123 


415 


429 


463 


480 


491 


457 


495 


558 


555 


526 


554 


477 


382 


502 


356 


285 


340 


270 


344 


232 


180 


304 


272 


378 


442 


458 


463 


498 


451 


502 


595 


563 


528 


548 


479 


423 


508 


373 


210 


271 


308 


331 


210 


190 


240 


302 


374 


450 


461 


462 


503 


440 


506 


568 


562 


531 


523 


485 


380 


450 


361 


327 


305 


337 


319 


180 


150 


102 


540 


366 


475 


449 


468 


497 


463 


513 


554 


547 


544 


500 


486 


352 


424 


363 


368 


273 


270 


351 


298 


172 


186 


330 


385 


465 


430 


470 


498 


466 


522 


560 


560 


557 


482 


501. 


382 


418 


363 


360 


475 


314 


376 


261 


157 


267 


410 


438 


482 


406 


452 


489 


478 


514 


540 


578 


562 


481 


512 


407 


340 


243 


383 


421 


251 


389 


245 


335 


242 


466 


434 


485 


407 


456 


502 


481 


512 


547 


574 


570 


472 


524 


523 


215 


355 


372 


446 


350 


297 


302 


385 


231 


459 


449 


479 


419 


466 


494 


495 


528 


551 


576 


563 


473 


529 


521 


80 


345 


287 


278 


365 


298 


250 


342 


41.8 


435 


444 


472 


418 


474 


487 


502 


532 


551 


573 


558 


500 


532 


545 


230 


280 


305 


120 


398 


324 


125 


316 


230 


370 


461 


474 


441 


475 


502 


496 


528 


565 


560 


550 


480 


511 


518 


290 


143 


275 


317 


282 


342 


332 


334 


45 


473 


475 


466 


464 


482 


491 



23" 



471 

475 
477 
449 
452 
445 
449 
460 
475 
482 
483 
493 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, November 1, 1882. 



0' 
5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 

40 
45 
50 
55 



398 
400 
401 
401 
400 
402 
412 
410 
405 
411 
415 
412 



408 
408 
411 
435 
435 
434 
430 
425 
443 
443 
433 
420 



429 
431 
430 

429 
432 
425 
432 
410 
425 
433 
426 
431 



H. Ex. 44- 



432 
424 
424 
423 
423 
428 
440 
438 
444 
423 
485 
476 

-68~ 



475 
459 
450 
454 
452 
455 
462 
462 
445 
434 
440 
434 



5" 



430 
462 
445 
440 
430 
423 
424 
430 
450 
456 
463 
455 



0" 



452 
415 
479 
450 
459 
455 
440 
435 
460 
452 
455 
449 



7" 



438 
443 

445 
445 
455 
403 
457 
445 
448 
445 
453 
402 



460 
450 
455 
459 
462 
405 
469 
465 
462 
455 
467 
472 



9" 



10" 



11" 



13" 



402 412 



M" 



411 

407 

352 

308 

95 

12 

70 

57 

(—40—?) 

5 

20 

(—40—?) 



15" 



10 
(—40—?) 
(—40—?) 
(—40-?) 
(— 40— r 
(—40—' 
(—40— ' 
(—40— 
(-40—?) 
180 
(-40—?) 

90 



16" 



120 
-40—?) 
170 
298 
314 
293 
315 
386 
402 
405 
396 
385 



17" 



18" 



19" 



20" 



21" 



406 

370 

360 

372 

359 

390 

402 

400 

407 

402 !396 

400 .391 

404 '390 






23" 



399 
392 
395 
397 
404 
407 
402 
400 
390 
393 
400 
394 



538 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, November 15. 1882. 



0' 

5 

10 

15 

2i) 

25 

30 
35 

4(1 
45 
50 

55 



0" 


I 1 ' 


2 i. 


355 


600 


633 


307 


620 


643 


285 


580 


646 


340 


550 


618 


301 


548 


625 


672 


550 


628 


665 


552 


550 


655 


600 


566 


653 


520 


605 


695 


580 


617 


665 


548 


600 


705 


650 


661 



3" 



740 
773 
765 
840 
770 
842 
830 
757 
883 
762 
703 
728 



782 
780 
830 
970 
791 
715 
823 
800 
855 
910 
1035 
1010 



090 818 
983 751 
942 ! 703 



903 


059 


942 


653 


900 


671 


909 


679 


920 


665 


924 


640 


993 


656 


821 


639 



640 
034 
672 
700 
714 
687 
674 
697 
CS8 
653 
600 
549 



460 
442 
428 
430 
490 
458 
180 
256 
21 
(— 40— ?) 
350 
447 



9" 



(800 + ?) 
695 
675 
457 
430 
648 
680 
825 
698 
832 
731 
750 



10" 



663 
748 
595 
522 
604 
521 
537 
610 
500 
563 
512 
478 



47C 
420 
410 
185 
494 
494 
530 
500 
491 
541 
505 
455 



490 
436 

401 
420 
395 
335 
108 
117 
250 
331 
293 
378 



13" 



321 
393 

415 
410 
355 
413 
456 
390 
432 
500 
277 
ISO 



IV 



453 
330 
529 
463 
4iri 
423 
486 
465 
434 
450 
408 
415 



15» 



4'20 
433 
455 

430 
4«4 
371 
414 
438 
470 
419 
109 
4.67 



id 1 ' 



17" 



in 

430 
335 
314 
350 
253 
430 |225 
434 315 
461 1327 
425 1444 
399 J350 
352 1356 



18" 



19" 20" 



290 

285 

J322 

319 

398 

312 

351 

447 

452 1490 

413 494 

398 479 

399 478 



21" 



22» 



483 
442 
498 
463 [490 
480 465 
489 1468 
499 (482 
502 504 
514 '510 

489 :490 

490 |498 
504 590 



23» 



510 
463 
452 
140 
474 
572 
450 
601 
499 
504 
473 
498 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, December 1, 1882. 



o 

5 

1(1 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 

4:. 

50 
55 



0" 


1" 


2" 


559 


500 


482 


481 


494 


471 


545 


533 


506 


465 


513 


456 


531 


518 


475 


531 


520 


486 


555 


574 


488 


539 


557 


539 


539 


500 


545 


502 


463 


574 


565 


482 


566 


504 


478 


554 1 



3" 



521 
489 

503 
484 
480 
500 
521 
521 



■<-" 



485 
501 
510 
478 
497 
490 
500 
492 

503 | 482 
497 I 489 

504 I 500 
490 I 521 



5" 



503 
503 
533 
553 
556 
549 
518 
522 
510 
507 
500 
490 



B* 



486 
459 
465 
465 
444 
440 
438 
441 
470 
476 
479 
516 



'c " 


8" 


9 1 ' 


10 h 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


518 


483 


459 


471 


452 


418 


260 


310 


546 


475 


461 


465 


450 


444 


280 


290 


518 


489 


460 


.461 


448 


452 


387 


215 


521 


481 


463 


466 


447 


450 


335 


247 


509 


473 


470 


457 


436 


449 


249 


337 


496 


468 


464 


449 


445 


451 


220 


346 


493 


455 


466 


447 


439 


435 


328 


368 


493 


453 


477 


446 


440 


443 


368 


382 


484 


453 


478 


447 


452 


265 


323 


283 


484 


446 


476 


451 


444 


305 


336 


331 


489 


453 


476 


454 


445 


456 


321 


393 


489 


456 


469 


457 


434 


. 55 


334 


384 



15" 


16 1 ' 


17" 


is" 


19" 


20" 


2li 


2" 


1 
386 ! 270 


465 


455 


339 


368 


390 


364 


362 1 253 


470 


463 


399 


404 


388 


351 


301 


1.48 


472 


438 


419 


413 


372 


359 


246 


204 


475 


446 


432 


419 


355 


354 


391 


352 


452 


427 


410 


418 


326 


354 1 


325 


401 


460 


406 


407 


401 


325 


397 


263 


405 


458 


416 


394 


415 


342 


394 


222 


434 


470 


436 


405 


400 


379 


400 


60 


465 


455 


415 


406 


401 


386 


418 


93 


461 


502 


414 


395 


401 


372 


422 


55 


459 


471 


376 ; 332 


389 


357 


378 


220 


485 


467 


364 , 360 

1 


389 


362 


383 



23 b 



356 
354 
380 
323 
330 
300 
362 
440 
426 
411 
362 
350 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, December 15, 1882. 



0" , i L , 2 1 ' 



__ 



0' 

5 

10 

15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



503 
500 
502 
501 
501 
503 
502 
505 
505 
506 
504 
504 



507 I 503 
510 ! 503 

508 I 511 

506 | 503 

507 1 497 
504 511 
502 502 
502 j 504 
510 I 509 

508 I 510 
508 509 
504 I 500 



3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


a* 


9" 


10" 


tv 


Noon. 


13" 


14h 


15 h 


6" 


w 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


504 


510 


499 


490 


496 


502 


482 


480 


450 


499 


440 


468 


445 


473 


441 


412 


360 


344 


306 


180 


508 


508 


494 


489 


476 


502 


484 


480 


424 


489 


456 


459 


446 


463 


454 


410 


359 


363 


297 


219 


514 


506 


497 


488 


485 


497 


482 


477 


450 


491 


472 


445 


458 


454 


456 


398 


215 


345 


288 


255 


5G8 


506 


495 


485 


483 


500 


482 


475 


474 


503 


473 


436 


455 


469 


447 


410 


299 


390 


281 


279 


506 


502 


490 


485 


481 


491 


482 


473 


487 


490 


468 


440 


448 


432 


420 


393 


292 


386 


240 


320 


506 


502 


483 


484 


488 


489 


482 


470 


487 


490 


489 


445 


456 


441 


417 


394 


294 


359 


144 


334 


498 


497 


483 


482 


488 


475 


483 


469 


502 


498 


490 


434 


468 


444 


432 


394 


302 


371 


170 


354 


498 


503 


483 


483 


488 


479 


481 


485 


481 


493 


474 


490 


467 


435 


412 


389 


339 


350 


159 


360 


496 


495 


490 


488 


488 


489 


4P0 


466 


507 


475 


462 


444 


466 


436 


435 


408 


350 


348 


112 


376 


496 


497 


499 


489 


480 


483 


476 


468 


493 


466 


465 


438 


452 


442 


437 


404 


302 


332 


125 


353 


495 


504 


499 


480 


492 


486 


483 


474. 


496 


436 


463 


431 


455 


441 


436 


374 


340 


330 


72 


367 


505 


500 


486 


487 


488 


475 


483 


468 


505 


438 


464 


437 


483 


456 


423 


360 


350 


322 


92 


396 



398 
421 
419 
462 
490 
478 
488 
464 
487 
455 
450 
442 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, January 2, 1883. 



0' 

5 

10 

15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



438 
446 
392 
457 
448 
417 
439 
427 
438 
4S2 
437 
434 



438 
434 
428 
428 
418 
420 
415 
420 
415 
414 
425 
418 



3" 



440 
4 'J4 
414 
421 
429 
429 
429 
421 
420 
428 



429 422 
433 432 



450 

439 
429 
439 
473 

412 
448 
429 
441 
439 



4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8" 


»" 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


16* 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 1 


439 


461 


416 


415 


428 


415 


441 


430 


409 


337 


359 


151 


203 


391 


272 


131 


77 


218 


398 


433 


455 


429 


443 


433 


421 


438 


430 


403 


326 


456 


220 


201 


392 


246 


105 


214 


279 


373 


418 


428 


438 


387 


424 


422 


425 


423 


404 


140 


358 


206 


262 


355 


250 


179 


254 


309 


378 


429 


426 


429 


403 


431 


422 


435 


422 


402 


353 


301 


213 


341 


357 


248 


160 


332 


323 


363 


417 


389 


441 


413 


423 


430 


436 


426 


399 


255 


316 


268 


331 


349 


234 


182 


329 


320 


354 


407 


418 


428 


405 


431 


425 


440 


425 


409 


398 


300 


257 


375 


347 


206 


210 


321 


307 


350 


412 


420 


426 


415 


418 


420 


438 


425 


363 


452 


273 


242 


371 


345 


189 


248 


320 


331 


342 


436 


440 


424 


415 


420 


426 


442 


427 


358 


417 


175 


292 


376 


360 


188 


282 


319 


352 


371 


439 


446 


431 


410 


426 


430 


444 


420 


305 


414 


104 


246 


359 


372 


183 


270 


316 


373 


354 


444 


435 


421 


414 


419 


429 


431 


427 


92 


278 


60 


228 


343 


335 


197 


249 


296 


380 


392 


430 


426 


420 


426 


409 


435 


431 


410 


295 


359 


106 


219 


376 


300 


179 


199 


272 


412 


379 


452 


443 


424 


422 


408 


438 


422 


412 


346 


447 


97 


222 


364 


306 


134 


65 


215 


344 


380 



23' 



384 
384 
370 
375 
372 
367 
350 
376 
365 
378 
373 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



53[> 



Term-day readings of the Broolce bifilar magnetometer, January 15, 1883. 



0' 

5 

ill 

15 

20 

25 

30 
35 

to 

45 
50 

55 



o h 


1" 


2b 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6* 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10 h 


11" 


Noon. 


13" 


14 h 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


468 


467 


470 


462 


465 


464 


456 


428 


454 


460 


461 


459 


540 


232 


61 


450 


400 


367 


203 


299 


375 


424 


431 


467 


463 


471 


460 


464 


465 


452 


440 


455 


453 


460 


457 


496 


287 


154 


437 


430 


368 


140 


275 


347 


441 


408 


462 


467 


473 


460 


459 


461 


452 


440 


454 


457 


462 


458 


473 


264 


235 


459 


424 


350 


164 


260 


312 


390 


428 


464 


468 


457 


468 


♦74 


450 


448 


446 


451 


459 


465 


466 


459 


338 


410 


454 


429 


344 


153 


257 


359 


382 


405 


470 


450 


455 


453 


479 


400 


446 


453 


456 


452 


461. 


473 


447 


325 


419 


420 


416 


338 


186 


206 


361 


410 


418 


467 


461 


458 


460 


473 


473 


450 


453 


460 


454 


463 


434 


426 


234 


375 


394 


419 


34.1 


226 


217 


343 


375 


416 


466 


466 


458 


458 


460 


465 


451 


454 


459 


452 


465 


438 


417 


341 


413 


383 


414 


311 


219 


229 


334 


388 


459 


461 


468 


407 


448 


461 


465 


447 


454 


459 


456 


470 


397 


390 


140 


400 


400 


413 


319 


243 


182 


374 


355 


410 


464 


460 


46a 


448 


450 


468 


420 


454 


454 


454 


465 


416 


388 


316 


420 


395 


394 


254 


289 


292 


402 


372 


434 


467 


455 


468 


457 


462 


481 


456 


453 


453 


459 


465 


444 


308 


316 


438 


401 


370 


180 


316 


289 


455 


378 


483 


464 


467 


463 


456 


469 


458 


446 


457 


455 


458 


462 


480 


283 


210 


430 


366 


355 


103 


330 


320 


423 


439 


455 


465 


468 


458 


453 


478 


434 


442 


453 


454 


462 


462 


461 


327 


110 


439 


358 


349 


185 


316 


373 


416 


472 


468 



23" 



465 
489 
447 
443 
455 
466 
521 
469 
449 
436 
442 
452 



Term-day readings of the Broolce bifilar magnetometer, February 1, 1883. 



n, 
5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



0" 



1" 2' 

I 



450419 
444413 
430l434 
435420 
430J443 



3" 



V 



.7' 



6" 



7» 



w 



.,,, 



1« ! < 



11' 



i:; 1 



14" 



16" 



UP 



17" 



233 

259 

296 

272 

250 

281 

242 

234 

144 

(—40—?) 

(-40—?) 

(—40—?) 



19" 



(—40—?) 

(—40—?) 

(-40-?) 

(-40—?) 

(—40-?) 

52 

3 

252 

275 

223 

265 

346 



20" 



352 

404 

467 

417 

432 

204 

64 

19 

40—?) 

40—?) 

40—?) 

40—?) 



Vjl, 



(-40-?) 

(-40-?) 

—20 

(-40-?) 

(-40-?) 

300 

215 

282 

234 

44 

(-40-?) 

(—40—?) 



22" 



(—40—?) 
(—40—?) 
(-40-?) 
(—40—?) 
(-40-?) 
(-40-?) 
(—40—?) 
(—40—?) 
(-40-?) 
(—40— ?) 
5 
(—40—1) 



23" 



(—40—?) 
30 
272 
320 
183 
271 
210 
311 
452 
510 
355 
500 



Term-day readings of the Broolce bifilar magnetometer, February 15, 1883. 



0' 
5 
10 

15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



414 

408 
407 
422 
427 
417 
415 
400 

as 5 
414 

411 

356 



426 
423 

4 44 
443 

415 
398 
397 

378 

408 
412 
431 
426 



2" 


3" 


4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10" 


11". 


Noon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


19" 


20" 


21" 


22" 


443 


432 


418 


419 


433 


407 


430 


404 


403 


382 


331 


370 


321 


365 


368 


360 


356 


375 


362 


379 


3S8 


426 


483 


422 


407 


419 


440 


415 


402 


402 


385 


320 


337 


355 


354 


370 


358 


364 


372 


368 


380 


386 


445 


478 


418 


422 


417 


418 


426 


396 


403 


379 


360 


350 


362 


347 


375 


361 


368 


373 


372 


377 


386 


456 


468 


417 


433 


413 


430 


424 


394 


396 


383 


349 


370 


361 


358 


371 


335 


379 


370 


366 


380 


383 


438 


463 


419 


422 


413 


428 


425 


395 


392 


372 


346 


360 


370 


368 


364 


344 


378 


366 


372 


380 


388 


436 


474 


421 


418 


413 


434 


418 


394 


394 


283 


340 


364 


358 


364 


368 


342 


374 


371 


383 


376 


385 


425 


473 


424 


418 


410 


439 


421 


402 


395 


327 


316 


351 


354 


356 


368 


333 


366 


368 


379 


362 


381 


436 


468 


424 


424 


415 


434 


418 


402 


391 


333 


308 


333 


362 


360 


373 


319 


367 


379 


375 


376 


381 


432 


459 


421 


428 


408 


435 


414 


400 


388 


344 


320 


343 


370 


364 


371 


349 


375 


377 


376 


374 


381 


433 


453 


417 


418 


409 


435 


416 


401 


386 


361 


326 


339 


363 


368 


362 


329 


378 


372 


373 


373 


379 


452 


428 


423 


422 


397 


434 


406 


405 


390 


332 


364 


350 


350 


361 


365 


322 


376 


360 


357 


383 


377 


450 


412 


429 


432 


423 


434 


419 


408 


389 


321 


375 


334 


354 


359 


364 


347 


372 


364 


358 


382 


380 



23" 



376 
3S0 
378 
363 
356 
358 
373 
362 
360 
365 
362 
360 



Term-day readings of the Broolce bifilar magnetometer, March 1, 1883. 



o ; 

5 
10 
15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
55 
50 
55 



0* 



578 

550 
537 
603 
460 
433 
403 
409 
428 
505 
602 
527 



480 
482 
525 
498 
190 
603 
625 
503 
520 
538 
527 
543 



2" 



515 
473 

483 

512 
543 

5GG 
558 
590 
588 
620 
675 
050 



626 
618 
597 
578 
569 
578 
596 
594 
631 
642 
646 
607 | 



4" 



5" 



553 617 
555| 64! 
564! 560 



6" 



7" 



S" 



580 460 
609i 453| 
509 434 
559 435 
650, 482 
5801 477 



9' 



10" 



402 442 
235J 440 
340l 440! 



441 

441 

441 

441 

441 

441 

441 

441 

- 441 

(—40— ?) 

(-40-?) 

250 



13" 


14" j 15" 


16" 


17" 


18" 


332 1 80; 422 


104 


40 


500 


402, 15, 373 


178 


60 


479 


376! 22 288 


213 


150 


466 


240, 75 387 


160 


210 


413 


190 134! 393 


(—40—?) 


340 


368 


193! 243; 610 


5 


420 


314 


150' 295! 440 


64 


490 


335 


132 375! 339 


179 


453 


342 


4 189, 224 


182 


41.0 


317 


CO 


4021 210 


—19 


520 


284 


135 


4311 190 


356 


591 


201 


143 


430, 80 


299 


509 


170 



19" 



20" 



(—40— 
(—40- 
(-40— 



110 

170 

10 

(—40—?) j< — 40- 

(—40—?) I (—40— 

-37: (-40-., 
(—40—?) I(— 40— ?) 
9 i 164 
(—40—?) 76 
(—40-?) I 98 
(— 40— ?> (— 40— ?) 
65 1 198 



21" 



22" 



120 516 
255 327 
370| 406 
380! 353| 518 



23" 



578 
533 
530 



540 455 
372! 610 
510! 540 



510 

489 
001 
572 
495 



540 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 
Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, March 15, 1883. 



2* 



3" 



4* 



8" 



9" 



10" 



II" 



13" 



14* 



15* 



16* 



17' 



18* 



19' 



20" 



21 b 



22* 



23" 



0' 

5 
10 

15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



464 
457 
452 
457 
432 
428 
442 
444 
438 
436 
436 
435 



435 
434 
441 
443 
433 
442 
43G 
433 
439 
438 
441 
439 



451 
448 
433 
430 
453 
462 
442 
447 
444 
449 
436 
449 



450 
450 
432 
460 
555 
500 
462 
489 
512 
519 
479 
469 



461 

438 
408 
456 
478 
446 
433 
430 
436 
446 
475 
478 



453 
472 
520 
465 
496 
540 
476 
517 
478 
430 
485 
447 



480 
429 
474 
484 
480 
470 
470 
471 
459 
481 
463 
454 



484 
498 
498 
492 
476 
475 
481 
496 
493 
516 
499 
473 



450 
464 
481 
294 
338 
350 
355 
604 
528 
400 
450 
485 



521 
496 
481 
460 
458 
480 
501 
492 
504 
524 
507 
500 



484 
491 
479 
462 
419 
426 
404 
397 
380 
342 
377 
270 



249 
220 
227 
270 
347 
397 
379 
(—40—?) 
370 
296 
313 
472 



388 
375 
371 
392 
395 
374 
458 
463 
446 
437 
430 
429 



412 
430 
383 
384 
394 
447 
368 
375 
391 
379 
431 
421 



434 
435 

438 
468 
466 
462 
460 
455 
442 
456 
446 
451 



455 
479 
469 
462 
464 
452 
440 
430 
392 
386 
377 
349 



377 
384 
386 
390 
391 
397 
415 
379 
413 
395 
361 
364 



3S1 
364 
402 
422 
428 
450 
440 
428 
442 
440 
437 
425 



427 
440 
442 
412 
417 
411 
409 
387 
350 
360 
377 
389 



412 
419 
401 

413 
433 
4-37 
442 
444 
442 
453 
439 
428 



438 
442 
436 
440 
443 
440 
437 
430 
430 
426 
432 
432 



Term-day readings of the Brooke Mfilar magnetometer, April 1, 1883. 



0m 
5 
10 

15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



O" 



420 

421 
415 
400 
394 
405 
382 
390 
394 
402 
400 
407 



3!!3 
415 
407 
401 
395 
401 
366 
387 
380 
399 
426 



2" 



428 
414 
417 
439 
435 
459 
454 
442 
433 
429 
419 
411 



3' 



406 

550 
500 
492 
498 
501 
514 
501 
480 
477 
440 
447 



4 h 



474 
499 
489 
474 
448 
423 
417 
421 
449 
482 
494 
495 



5" 



482 
472 
434 
440 
458 
468 
482 
472 
442 
444 
431 
438 



6' 



437 
449 
465 
470 
482 
440 
437 
442 
451 
468 
470 
485 



518 
520 
552 
562 
511 
519 
529 
504 
518 
570 
503 
559 



8" 



590 
507 
574 
614 
592 
552 
588 
572 
570 
543 
587 
571 



9" 



579 
570 
560 
528 
502 
474 
463 
476 
475 
454 
454 
431 



10" 



447 
408 
388 
421 
450 
403 
395 
396 
435 
385 
380 
337 



11" 



340 
395 
373 
360 
341 
340 
361 
338 
371 
230 
250 
240 



324 

320 

286 

302 

-40—?) 

-40—?) 

27 

145 

296 

132 

64 

81 



13* 



93 

220 
180 
279 

260 
255 
225 
313 
222 
271 
303 
309 



14* 



328 
314 
326 
285 
336 
300 
339 
333 
372 
359 
376 
364 



15* 



376 
392 

401 
362 
436 
396 
400 
384 
425 
370 
355 



ie* 



17' 



330 
348 
303 
332 
3119 
320 
263 
299 
279 
244 
258 
240 



18' 



226 

242 
244 
268 
302 
329 
326 
334 
330 
292 
327 
340 



19* 



367 
388 
394 
402 
4 01 
387 
400 
411 
427 
430 
432 
428 



20' 



21" 



22* 



23* 



391 
438 
383 
387 
382 
380 
373 
378 
386 
378 
393 
394 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, April 15, 1883. 



o 

5 

10 
15 
20 
25 

30 
35 

40 
45 
50 
55 



O" 



360 

365 
362 
363 
364 
362 
362 
359 
359 
358 



356 
353 
356 

358 
352 

353 
353 
353 
353 
356 
354 
334 



2* 



354 
350 
347 
350 
354 
355 
358 
356 
356 
353 
354 
350 



3" 



347 

348 
347 
347 
347 
347 
347 
347 
361 
360 
360 
356 



4" 



354 

354 
356 
358 
357 
357 
359 
366 
369 
368 
369 
373 



5" 



368 
369 
368 
369 
368 
376 
377 
373 
374 
371 
371 
375 



6* 



7" 



364 
381 
371 
376 

379 
378 
382 
376 
380 
380 
380 
376 



381 
382 
389 
391 
393 
396 
387 
394 
386 
396 
399 
401 



415 
414 
410 
402 
399 
396 
394 
386 
393 
401 
408 
413 



10" 



418 
417 
389 
412 
382 
366 
367 
379 
3S4 
387 
396 
393 



392 
379 
372 
374 
371 
349 
316 
300 
298 
317 
310 
338 



359 

458 
454 
404 
391 
400 
394 
391 
38S 
384 
385 



13* 



377 
351 
802 
400 
372 
361 
363 
373 
392 
397 
389 
381 



14* 



15'' 



16* 



280 

270 

277 

287 

241 

206 

01 

(—40—?) 

(_40_?) 

(-40-?) 

(-40-?) 

(—40—?) 



17* 



(-40—?) 

(—40—?) 

(—40-?) 

22 

120 

155 

223 

244 

252 

265 

291 

339 



18* 



:>.;> 



20' 



21* 



22* 23" 



338 
336 
347 
343 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, May 1, 1883. 





0* 


1* 


2* 


3* 


4* 


5* 


6* 


7* 


8* 


9* 


10* 


11* 


Noon. 


13* 


14* 


15* 


ltt* 


17* 


18* 


19* 


20* 


21* 


22* 


23* 


m 


393 


340 


325 


356 


433 


474 


577 


488 


420 


500 


437 


362 


252 


280 


332 


328 


305 


283 


(—40— ?) 


83 


192 


216 


237 


218 


5 


387 


353 


332 


358 


443 


452 


619 


467 


486 


483 


381 


383 


304 


291 


354 


340 


300 


267 


(—40—?) 


137 


91 


199 


240 


227 


10 


394 


328 


348 


366 


416 


446 


620 


442 


477 


467 


389 


374 


310 


322 


387 


322 


297 


217 


—44 


172 


42 


160 


216 


269 


15 


370 


349 


347 


364 


391 


461 


643 


439 


562 


456 


381 


363 


185 


372 


316 


326 


271 


198 


07 


154 


48 


202 


179 


260 


20 


374 


354 


316 


364 


389 


510 


628 


461 


504 


454 


334 


342 


207 


345 


380 


317 


262 


216 


08 


159 


— 30 


193 


171 


305 


25 


364 


352 


324 


374 


372 


560 


628 


358 


508 


454 


383 


348 


183 


280 


337 


309 


209 


192 


12 


150 


— 29 


187 


214 


342 


30 


366 


339 


333 


374 


373 


554 


600 


304 


506 


439 


357 


340 


295 


269 


339 


306 


238 


130 


—06 


160 


63 


182 


210 


344 


35 


368 


346 


342 


378 


382 


490 


590 


153 


483 


444 


362 


356 


274 


369 


315 


310 


228 


69 


11 


159 


132 


189 


194 


316 


40 


356 


346 


343 


400 


403 


495 


595 


321 


474 


422 


358 


200 


225 


300 


354 


308 


237 


42 


16 


112 


194 


194 


189 


30b 


45 


358 


341 


338 


385 


453 


528 


531 


374 


471 


415 


355 


158 


239 


354 


337 


309 


246 


23 


67 


90 


251 


229 


223 


268 


50 


338 


330 


355 


420 


472 


548 


521 


325 


460 


451 


349 


50 


198 


306 


3C0 


310 


248 





61 


162 


248 


240 1226 


282 


65 


352 


325 


358 


433 


473 


548 


512 


370 


479 


428 


356 


137 


351 


266 


334 


321 


269 


— 20 


74 


130 


268 


212 J236 


294 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



541 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, May 15, 1883. 





0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


lb 


5* 


0* 


7 h 


8" 


0* 


10* 


ll 1 


Noon. 


IS" 


14* 


15 h 


10'' 


17" 


IS* 


19* 


20* 


21* 


22* 


23* 


0">«. 


376 


368 


36+ 


364 


361 


400 


449 


432 


407 


350 


470 


363 


365 


332 


357 


389 


273 


303 


140 


286 


348 


446 


400 


373 


5 


37(i 


373 


366 


362 


394 


384 


434 


429 


407 


275 


440 


393 


335 


324 


346 


382 


311 


293 


138 


288 


356 


444 


393 


370 


10 


377 


367 


372 


358 


399 


371 


411 


424 


409 


436 


427 


364 


370 


297 


369 


366 


282 


290 


144 


319 


356 


435 


391 


372 


15 


376 


373 


373 


355 


417 


389 


411 


427 


405 


424 


435 


350 


374 


313 


376 


357 


302 


200 


158 


C€7 


341 


432 


391 


373 


20 


377 


369 


372 


351 


418 


380 


427 


427 


394 


392 


385 


405 


398 


307 


381 


349 


244 


265 


180 


328 


354 


429 


389 


363 


25 


380 


362 


37fi 


350 


408 


393 


437 


424 


404 


407 


405 


465 


381 


338 


385 


340 


225 


250 


168 


832 


853 


433 


389 


360 


30 


382 


870 


370 


345 


384 


410 


442 


429 


428 


415 


412 


424 


365 


355 


388 


331 


215 


230 


179 


333 


328 


428 


385 


365 


35 


378 


370 


370 


349 


374 


418 


456 


426 


432 


410 


403 


386 


346 


339 


382 


351" 


231 


199 


181 


334 


324 


419 


385 


362 


40 


377 


370 


368 


362 


360 


428 


467 


425 


440 


411 


410 


310 


322 


350 


394 


341 


136 


170 


211 


843 


312 


405 


385 


35M 


45 


380 


369 


367 


384 


397 


430 


456 


422 


423 


458 


415 


411 


354 


329 


391 


356 


266 


172 


206 


350 


404 


400 


381 


360 


50 


379 


363 


366. 


380 


407 


439 


443 


421 


405 


437 


331 


360 


358 


354 


367 


330 


280 


160 


234 


355 


445 


399 


376 


363 


55 


373 


368 


363 


361 


403 


452 


439 


415 


359 


428 


345 


378 


350 


352 


391 


252 


288 


132 


255 


352 


451 


402 


375 


357 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, June 1, 1883. 





0* 


1* 


2* 


3* 


4* 


5* 


0* 


7* 


8* 


9* 


10* 


11* 


Noon 


13* 


14* 


15* 


10* j 17* 


18* 


IS' 


20" 

(-40—?) 


21* 

89 


22* 


23* 


0"° 


404 


376 


383 


425 


490 


431 


430 


445 


359 


379 


430 


470 


333 


387 


386 


359 


1 
277 228 


145 


27 


223 


233 


5 


402 


384 


381 


437 


496 


417 


438 


440 


353 


391 


418 


466 


366 


405 


379 


363 :248 136 


128 


12 


(—40—?) 


120 


236 


232 


10 


395 


384 


379 


429 


481 


430 


481 


417 


369 


386 


410 


454 


384 


420 


372 '364 170 


132 


82 


—15 


(^0-?) 


117 


249 


260 


15 


385 


388 


897 


427 


493 


429 


528 


392 


366 


379 


425 


476 


389 


439 


305 364 


220 


128 


127 


—27 


—24 


160 


250 


263 


20 


410 


395 


403 


453 


500 


430 


513 


392 


369 


390 


402 


483 


384 


437 


364 |345 


196 


227 


86 


—35 


—12 


?90 


267 


257 


25 


419 


398 


369 


454 


464 


433 


548 


373 


374 


387 


425 


480 


275 


412 


342 ]345 


179 


240 


63 


(-40—?) 


56 


229 


220 


273 


30 


385 


410 


393 


447 


454 


438 


502 


378 


375 


384 


409 


470 


398 


426 


366 338 


130 


210 


32 


(—40-?) 


28 


245 


241 


474 


35 


373 


411 


399 


423 


447 


436 


491 


346 


377 


391 


410 


472 


318 


419 


381 


327 


172 


179 


14 


(—40—?) 


67 


209 


226 


483 


40 


370 


39fi 


400 


418 


462 


443 


500 


368 


371 


400 


436 


451 


274 


421 


382 


296 


235 


152 


— 08 


(—40-?) 


72 


212 


234 


477 


45 


348 


371 


421 


413 


460 


444 


480 


358 


376 


405 


455 


401 


255 


398 


370 


284 


292 


73 


— 17 


(—40-?) 


68 


214 


246 


479 


50 


364 


377 


427 


444 


440 


430 


484 


375 


382 


411 


452 


350 


296 


397 


370 


257 


281 


42 


— 09 


(—40—?) 


94 


228 


253 


482 


55 


365 


384 


424 


466 


431 


430 


460 


346 


386 


414 


461 


297 


311 


381 


366 


190 


L'51 


115 


20 


(-40-?) 


88 


216 


242 


480 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, June 15, 1883. 





O* 


1' 


2* 


3* 


4* 


5* 


0" 


7* 


8" 


9" 


10* 


11" 


Noon. 


13* 


14* 


15* 


16* 


17* 


18* 


19* 


20* 


21* 


22* 


23* 


0™ 


371 


353 


319 


335 


367 


333 


332 


341 


372 


394 


406 


412 


389 


398 


401 


380 


370 


410 


395 


337 


238 


366 


353 


327 


5 


374 


354 


330 


316 


351 


339 


333 


340 


364 


388 


384 


411 


386 


404 


404 


374 


373 


418 


390 


366 


264 


370 


353 


319 


10 


371 


354 


343 


342 


351 


327 


333 


342 


371 


388 


396 


411 


389 


404 


409 


371 


370 


414 


391 


389 


286 


379 


352 


337 


15 


357 


349 


336 


352 


362 


325 


331 


349 


365 


401 


402 


418 


386 


406 


403 


371 


870 


402 


386 


378 


301 


400 


351 


329 


20 


376 


350 


331 


341 


353 


321 


334 


346 


370 


398 


405 


416 


385 


406 


390 


371 


395 


384 


390 


362 


346 


390 


344 


332 


25 


376 


333 


312 


348 


354 


330 


396 


345 


346 


392 


410 


411 


385 


404 


396 


378 


398 


388 


388 


368 


356 


389 


350 


336 


30 


374 


332 


313 


349 


357 


328 


334 


342 


335 


399 


414 


411 


383 


400 


402 


384 


398 


398 


389 


362 


350 


384 


346 


330 


35 


370 


316 


311 


358 


361 


328 


334 


345 


370 


392 


411 


398 


381 


398 


394 


390 


405 


409 


384 


347 


319 


380 


337 


333 


40 


368 


328 


316 


366 


377 


335 


337 


353 


376 


394 


412 


404 


384 


398 


379 


392 


388 


412 


361 


302 


324 


376 


331 


348 


45 


357 


327 


316 


375 


372 


329 


341 


357 


380 


392 


412 


369 


390 


402 


384 


382 


366 


409 


344 


282 


333 


366 


335 


343 


50 


372 


316 


311 


373 


363 


327 


339 


362 


379 


403 


413 


390 


397 


415 


374 


383 


402 


403 


328 


261 


246 


362 


339 


340 


65 ........ 


360 


319 


336 


376 


351 


325 


338 


375 


382 


406 


409 


386 


400 


410 


375 


389 


384 


392 


327 


254 


340 


354 


321 


334 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, July 1, 1883. 





0* 


1* 


2* 


3* 


4* 


5* 


0* 


7* 


8' 


9* 


10* 


11* 


Noon 


13* 


14* 


15* 


16" 


■ 17* 


18* 


19" 


20* 


21* 


22" 


23* 


0"> .. 


482 


432 


690 


638 


553 


1 
696 621 


449 


611 


409 


160 


376 


35 


279 


463 


389 


(-40-?) 


140 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


44 


241 


291 


5 .. 


438442 
434437 


708 544 


521 


703 5901443J601 


407 


207 


291 


218 


346 


538 


401 


(_40_?) 


142 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


(-40-3) 


133 


229 


293 


10 .. 


750 500 


521 


683 500 443 587 


385 


143 


345 


284 


338 


551 


423 


(-40—?) 


99 


(-40-?) 


(—40— ?) 


(—40— ?) 


112 


263 


300 


15 .. 


400 384 


880:503 


572 


740 505 418 555 


398 


189 


323 


300 


349 


518 


287 


— 28 


53 


(—40—?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40-?) 


92 


282 


829 


20 .. 


352,406 


7041504 


525 


7031487 387 524 


385 


226 


396 


236 


420 


362 


402 


— 30 


62 


(-40—?) 


(-40—?) 


(-40—?) 


33 


317 


402 


25 .. 


395539 


7491584 


578 


704 4651406:507 


377 


296 


395 


450 


450 


308 


450 


— 60 


24 


(—40—?) 


(__40— ?) 


(-40-?) 


38 


316 


390 


30 .. 


397,403 


838792 560 


711505 40l|476 


399 360 


(_40-?) 


500 


468 


(—40-?) 


407 


02 


— 22 


(—40-?) 


(—40—?) 


(-40-?) 


132 


346 


370 


35 .. 


407;351 


79l|643591 


711439500 l 471 


3731 282 


476 


317 


405 


72 


380 


84 


00 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


202 


352 


398 


40 .. 


376225 


777(510 583 


6871450 518470 381 


245 


364 


342 


451 


160 


58 


90 


— 10 


(—40— ?) 


(—40—?) 


(—40-?) 


230 


351 


399 


45 .. 


374 482 


648503602 


583 473 563 469 375 


320 


70 


330 


440 


212 


(—40—?) 


79 


— 27 


(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


—38 


211 


270 


390 


50 .. 


370;371 


719 411 680 


523 475 600 442 ! 39.1 


256 


(_40— ?) 


210 


429 


374 


(—40—?) 


85 


— 35 


(—40—?) 


(_40— ?) 


18 


241 


275 


447 


65 .. 


388543 


720418679 


632 420 588 4101303 

1 1 1 1 


341 


(_40-?) 


168 


454 


402 


(—40—?) 


179 


(-40-?) 


(-40-?) 


(—40—?) 


16 


220 


268 


350 



542 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 
Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, July 15, 1883. 



0' 
5 

10 
15 

20 

25 
80 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



8" 


4 h 


5" 


343 
340 

340 


310 
320 
333 


392 
374 
375 



6* 



345 314 



363 

368 

371 

3i9| 378| 370 

379 

374 

3S3 
354 
366 
3S3 
390 
■1(13 



350 


380 


349 380 


350 


370 


362 


378 


368 


368 


364 


377 


367 


362 


362 


385 



8' 



9' 



to* 



m 



414 
431 
430 
433 
425 
430 
432 
427 
423 
411 
418 
418 



411 
412 
410 
422 
411 
403 
405 
412 
413 
418 
424 
414 



IS" 



415 
402 
417 
421 
413 
409 
401 
403 
391 
384 
410 
400 



14* 



397 
379 
305 
407 
410 
397 
410 
389 
383 
375 
378 
373 



15' 



410 
421 
413 
405 
406 
420 
432 
457 
468 
405 
397 
438 



16' 



122 
20 

— 15 
10 

— 27 

— 12 
33 

(—40—?) 
(—40—?) 
(—40—?) (—40 
(—40—?) | (-40 
(—40—?) (—40 



18" 



(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 
(—40- 



19" 



(-40-?) 
205 

— 55 
(-40-?) 

— 5 

— 27 
00 
48 

276 
223 
307 
358 



20* 



309 
344 
442 
426 
484 
496 
445 
442 
435 
405 
409 
421 



21" 



395 
320 
362 
412 
423 
452 
429 
J 30 
418 
430 
411 



22* 



302 
370 
366 
321 
214 
105 
188 
236 
250 
200 
263 
270 



23 b 



269 
'275 

277 
329 
230 
309 
304 
308 
324 
360 
4C3 
372 



Term day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, August 1, 1883. 



0' 
5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



0' 


1* 


376 


356 


410 


389 


358 


384 


393 


328 


337 


425 


206 


326 


287 


360 


187 


351 


179 


277 


146 


356 


281 


313 


310 


355 



2* 



3" 


4' 


5" 


6' 


7h 


S" 


420 


446 


601 


664 


435 


386 


427 


464 


570 


602 


450 


369 


418 


458 


570 


612 


495 


390 


455 


405 


603 


632 


465 


340 


473 


372 


692 


603 


447 


403 


483 


393 


655 


597 


410 


415 


478 


426 


654 


582 


400 


372 


482 


457 


734 


560 


432 


450 


483 


488 


712 


520 


420 


415 


465 


570 


642 


505 


418 


466 


460 


605 


700 


493 


438 


483 


465 


639 


650 


504 


420 


539 



573 

557 
512 
575 
552 

540 
492 
457 

451 
397 
375 

264 



10 1 ' 



347 
402 
423 
409 
310 
114 
(—40—? 

(—40—; 

(—40— ? 
145 
244 
132 



ll' 1 Noon. 



25 
393 
5 
ISO 
208 

60 
130 
193 
224 
284 
610 
664 



13" 



54G 
524 
524 
512 

534 
571 
594 
545 
503 
448 
459 
420 



£■1" 



494 
482 
487 
471 
470 
443 
325 
245 
331 
414 
318 
345 



3T6 

377 
433 

449 
4 47 
473 
530 

524 

524 
544 

558 
530 



w> 



513 

48-1 
459 
435 
411 
409 
406 
430 
436 
453 
409 
374 



17" 


IS" 


330 


249 


282 


225 


310 


190 


201 


234 


350 


255 


442 


346 


470 


370 



478 | 367 

408 j 332 

387 249 

301 ! 210 

329 I 208 



19* 



260 
288 
337 
371 
386 
383 
418 
, 444 
1 452 
443 
442 
466 



20" 


21* 


22* 


502 


190 


159 


507 


130 


189 


496 


209 


210 


490 


249 


132 


484 


283 


164 


485 


262 


204 


448 


340 


241 


370 


309 


238 


322 


280 


306 


176 


199 


272 


115 


202 


361 


95 


152 


415 



23* 



404- 

400 

390 

371 

374 

406 

412 

398 

384 

392 

464 

423 



Term-day readings of the Brooke bifilar magnetometer, August 15, 1883. 



0' 
5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



0* 


1* 


2* 


711 


746 


770 


663 


774 


763 


685 


778 


763 


726 


743 


750 


747 


761 


775 


756 


774 


757 


738 


752 


742 


746 


780 


736 


735 


7.9 


742 


750 


786 


746 


772 


781 


753 


754 


784 


728 



4" 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8" 


701 


770 


700 


686 


722 


742 


780 


742 


698 


700 


747 


756 


747 


700 


718 


775 


762 


751 


711 


717 


811 


730 


742 


709 


715 


804 


724 


744 


712 


695 


785 


726 


709 


712 


745 


7S2 


719 


728 


722 


734 


780 


732 


716 


715 


768 


758 


744 


710 


712 


725 


774 


737 


704 


698 


731 


769 


746 


715 


722 


724 



9* 

717 


10* 


ll* 


Noon. 


13* 


715 


769 


749 


> 
750 


723 


723 


739 


752 


765 


722 


723 


733 


755 


751 


715 


714 


741 


753 


746 


713 


732 


751 


742 


743 


729 


748 


748 


750 


734 


706 


685 


755 


751 


736 


724 


776 


774 


770 


734 


716 


783 


762 


744 


736 


707 


788 


758 


735 


733 


709 


769 


751 


739 


737 


708 


762 


744 


775 


731 



731 
738 
744 
737 
736 
726 
770 
732 
715 
736 
746 
743 



15* 


Iti* 


17* 


IS* 


19" 


20* 


21* 


22' 


738 


725 


707 


699 


703 


688 


700 


702 


721 


720 


703 


700 


705 


708 


068 


702 


722 


721 


712 


708 


696 


705 


708 


708 


732 


708 


730 


711 


692 


699 


704 


700 


737 


708 


733 


707 


688 


700 


703 


706 


741 


709 


737 


711 


697 


700 


704 


700 


743 


710 


734 


710 


098 


700 


706 


696 


739 


716 


717 


706 


697 


702 


700 


695 


739 


722 


708 


707 


700 


695 


704 


691 


732 


719 


707 


705 


698 


694 


706 


692 


728 


707 


703 


7C2 


095 


695 


692 


689 


728 


705 


700 


699 


693 


698 


683 


687 

I 



23* 



700 
702 
703 
702 
698 
696 
C93 
695 
696 
695 
693 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



543 



READINGS OF THE BALANCE MAGNETOMETER ON TERM-DAYS AT UGLAAMIE, ALASKA, SEPTEM- 
BER, 1882, TO AUGUST, 1883. 

Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, September 15, 1882. 

[Gottingen time is employed.] 





0" 


1" 


2" 


3" 


4» 


5" 


6" 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10 h 


H* 


Neon. 


13" 


14" 


15" 


16" 


17 h 


18 h 


19 h 


20» 


21" 


22' 


23" 


,n 


404 


405 


407 


407 


407 


407 


409 


400 


398 


388 


391 


393 


401 


398 


407 


406 


406 


403 


404 


404 


404 


402 


401 


399 


5 


403 


405 


406 


407 


406 


407 


409 


400 


404 


380 


390 


392 


395 


400 


406 


4117 


405 


404 


403 


404 


404 


402 


400 


399 


10 


404 


406 


407 


407 


406 


408 


408 


401 


395 


386 


391 


394 


394 


401 


406 


407 


405 


403 


403 


405 


404 


402 


400 


399 


15 


404 


400 


407 


407 


407 


409 


408 


401 


393 


365 


393 


394 


393 


403 


405 


407 


405 


404 


403 


405 


404 


402 


400 


399 


20 


404 


406 


406 


407 


407 


409 


406 


402 


392 


390 


390 


394 


392 


403 


405 


407 


405 


404 


403 


405 


404 


403 


400 


399 


25 


404 


406 


407 


407 


407 


409 


406 


402 


392 


392 


390 


396 


395 


402 


405 


407 


405 


404 


403 


405 


403 


402 


400 


399 


30 


404 


406 


406 


407 


407 


409 


403 


402 


392 


393 


392 


394 


396 


406 


406 


407 


405 


404 


403 


405 


403 


402 


400 


399 


35 


405 


406 


406 


407 


407 


409 


403 


402 


393 


390 


394 


394 


396 


409 


405 


407 


404 


404 


403 


404 


403 


401 


400 


399 


40 


405 


406 


406 


407 


408 


409 


402 


402 


390 


391 


394 


396 


394 


407 


404 


407 


405 


404 


403 


404 


403 


401 


400 


398 


45 


404 


406 


406 


407 


407 


409 


403 


400 


390 


389 


392 


396 


395 


404 


405 


407 


405 


404 


403 


404 


403 


401 


399 


398 


50 


405 


407 


406 


407 


407 


409 


402 


398 


391 


390 


395 


394 


395 


4u2 


405 


406 


405 


404 


403 


404 


402 


401 


399 


399 


55 


405 


407 


406 


407 


407 


409 


401 


400 


389 


392 


394 


397 


395 


407 


406 


406 


403 


403 


404 


404 


402 


400 


399 


399 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, October 1, 1882. 



0' 

5 

10 

15 
20 

25 
30 
35 

4(1 
45 
50 
55 



413 


414 


413 


412 


412* 


412 


413 


411 


410 


409 


408 


401 


404 


405 


406 


415 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


412 


412 


410 


410 


408 


402 


404 


404 


406 


414 


414 


412 


412 


411 


41.2 


412 


411 


410 


410 


408 


402 


404 


404 


407 


414 


414 


412 


412 


411 


413 


412 


411 


410 


410 


407 


402 


403 


404 


407 


414 


414 


412 


412 


411 


413 


412 


411 


410 


409 


407 


402 


402 


405 


407 


414 


414 


412 


412 


411 


413 


412 


411 


410 


409 


407 


400 


404 


40C 


407 


414 


414 


412 


412 


411 


413 


412 


411 


410 


409 


408 


401 


404 


406 


406 


414 


414 


412 


412 


412 


413 


412 


411 


410 


409 


408 


402 


405 


400 


406 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


413 


411 


411 


410 


409 


407 


403 


406 


406 


406 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


413 


411 


410 


410 


408 


405 


403 


405 


406 


406 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


413 


411 


410 


410 


408 


404 


403 


405 


406 


407 


414 


413 


412 


412 


412 


413 


411 


410 


410 


408 


403 


403 


405 


406 


407 



407 
407 
407 
407 
407 
407 
407 
408 
409 
410 
411 
413 



413 


405 


403 


403 


403 


402 


413 


405 


403 


403 


403 


402 


413 


404 


402 


403 


403 


402 


413 


404 


402 


403 


403 


402 


412 


404 ■ 


402 


403 


403 


402 


412 


404 


403 


403 


403 


402 


411 


404 


403 


403 


402 


402 


410 


404 


403 


403 


402 


402 


409 


403 


403 


403 


402 


402 


408 


403 


403 


403 


402 


402 


407 


403 


403 


403 


402 


402 


405 


403 


403 


403 


402 


402 



401 
401 

401 
401 
401 
401 
401 
401 
401 
401 
401 
401 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, October 15, 1882. 



o» 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



455 


457 


455 


450 


444 


443 


444 


440 


430 


437 


434 


457 


454 


455 


450 


443 


445 


444 


440 


424 


436 


438 


452 


455 


455 


450 


444 


447 


444 


440 


425 


4^5 


430 


457 


455 


455 


450 


444 


447 


444 


438 


426 


434 


435 


457 


455 


43! 


447 


445 


447 


444 


442 


433 


436 


436 


457 


455 


454 


451 


446 


446 


444 


441 


431 


439 


438 


45S 


455 


453 


448 


445 


442 


444 


441 


432 


439 


438 


458 


455 


453 


445 


445 


442 


444 


437 


434 


434 


441- 


457 


455 


453 


445 


445 


442 


444 


432 


429 


439 


443 


458 


455 


552 


446 


445 


442 


444 


427 


425 


436 


446 


458 


455 


452 


443 


444 


444 


444 


437 


432 


439 


446 


457 


455 


451 


444 


444 


444 


442 


428 


433 


436 


450 



45) 
458 
455 
454 
-155 
450 
452 
452 



455 456 

451 456 

457 455 

452 445 



445 


464 


465 


469 


465 


456 


444 


445 


444 


443 


458 


463 


468 


469 


466 


455 


444 


445 


444 


444 


464 


462 


456 


468 


466 


4E2 


444 


44 5 


444 


444 


464 


461 


457 


471 


469 


450 


445 


445 


443 


444 


1 466 


465 


455 


472 


472 


449 


446 


444 


443 


444 


464 


465 


456 


474 


470 


449 


446 


444 


443 


444 


464 


466 


461 


475 


465 


449 


446 


443 


443 


444 


463 


465 


466 


475 


464 


448 


446 


444 


443 


445 ! 


459 


465 


468 


474 


461 


447 


446 


443 


443 


444 | 


460 


458 


468 


473 


459 


440 


446 


443 


443 


444 1 


463 


455 


467 


469 


456 


446 


445 


443 


443 


444 1 


464 


460 


468 


466 


456 


446 


445 


443 


443 


444 



444 

444 
444 
414 
443 
443 
443 
443 
444 
i 444 
I 444 
444 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer , November 1, 1882. 



m . 

5 . 
10 . 
15 

20 . 
25 . 
30 . 
35 . 
40 . 
45 . 
50 , 
55 . 



436 


435 


431 


431 


430 


431 


430 


431 


430 


426 


424 


422 


422 


430 


433 


455 


446 


436 


429 


418 


418 


423 


426 


436 


435 


431 


430 


431 


430 


430 


430 


430 


425 


420 


427 


42<". 


430 


432 


457 


444 


434 


427 


420 


418 


422 


427 


436 


435 


431 


430 


431 


431 


431 


430 


431 


425 


415 


426 


424 


430 


432 


453 


444 


434 


427 


419 


418 


422 


428 


436 


435 


430 


430 


431 


431 


430 


430 


431 


425 


414 


428 


425 


430 


434 


450 


447 


434 


425 


419 


418 


423 


428 


435 


435 


430 


430 


431 


431 


431 


430 


431 


424 


420 


416 


425 


430 


436 


449 


447 


433 


424 


419 


418 


423 


428 


436 


434 


430 


430 


430 


431 


431 


430 


430 


424 


418 


416 


426 


430 


442 


455 


445 


433 


425 


419 


419 


423 


429 


436 


434 


430 


430 


431 


431 


431 


431 


429 


425 


417 


420 


426 


430 


451 


459 


444 


433 


423 


418 


419 


424 


430 


435 


432 


430 


430 


430 


431 


430 


430 


429 


425 


414 


424 


429 


430 


457 


455 


445 


432 


424 


418 


421 


424 


431 


435 


432 


431 


430 


430 


430 


431 


430 


427 


424 


424 


426 


429 


431 


452 


457 


445 


432 


422 


418 


422 


424 


431 


435 


432 


430 


430 


430 


430 


430 


430 


426 


425 


423 


421 


430 


431 


454 


455 


442 


431 


421 


418 


422 


425 


431 


435 


432 


430 


430 


430 


431 


431 


431 


426 


426 


425 


416 


431 


431 


453 


451 


439 


430 


420 


419 


421 


425 


431 


435 


432 


431 


430 


430 


430 


431 


431 


426 


427 


421 


420 


430 


432 


456 


447 


437 


429 


420 


418 


422 


425 


432 



432 
433 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, November 15, 1882. 



o 

5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
10 
45 
50 
55 



510 
512 
5111 
510 



515 518 

516 521 
510 , 522 

520 518 

521 • 520 
520 | 518 
519 , 518 
518 520 



520 
| 517 
| 517 
! 518 

520 
! 516 

514 

513 

; 5i6 

1 515 

; 512 

515 



516 


493 


515 


500 


514 


507 


510 


504 


510 


498 


510 


498 


509 


506 


506 


516 


502 


506 


504 


507 


503 


509 


500 


508 



503 


486 


480 


476 


484 


459 


486 


505 


526 


538 


525 


521 


523 


515 


503 


591 


501 


500 


495 


482 


480 


481 


458 


464 


487 


504 


528 


535 


524 


520 


523 


513 


502 


501 


499 


5U0 


496 


481 


476 


480 


462 


462 


489 


505 


528 


537 


527 


519 


520 


513 


502 


501 


500 


501 


494 


479 


476 


483 


463 


463 


492 


503 


526 


533 


524 


519 


519 


516 


500 


502 


500 


500 


502 


479 


478 


488 


464 


470 


492 


502 


527 


531 


522 


518 


518 


515 


499 


502 


500 


501 


500 


477 


482 


491 


455 


471 


494 


505 


534 


529 


523 


518 


520 


516 


500 


502 


500 


501 


499 


478 


482 


493 


463 


472 


498 


507 


534 


527 


523 


518 


519 


513 


500 


502 


500 


501 


498 


480 


482 


500 


453 


473 


492 


510 


534 


527 


523 


518 


521 


513 


498 


502 


499 


501 


490 


480 


478 


515 


454 


472 


490 


517 


537 


526 


522 


518 


521 


512 


499 


501 


500 


501 


488 


481 


474 


484 


454 


478 


497 


520 


538 


526 


522 


519 


520 


511 


500 


501 


501 


502 


494 


481 


472 


486 


455 


480 


500 


527 


535 


524 


521 


521 


520 


508 


500 


500 


501. 


501 


488 


478 


474 


491 


461 


484 


501 


525 


538 


525 


521 


521 


518 


505 


500 


501 


500 


502 



503 
501 
501 
501 
500 
500 
4C9 
501 
501 
500 
500 
500 



544 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 

Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, December 1, 1882. 



Ob 



11 



21 



3h 



4b 



51 



61 



71 



81 



9h 



IQb 



l(i 



131 



141 



151 



161 



17i> 



181 



191 



201 



2lb 



221 



231 



532 
532 
532 
532 
532 
532 
531 
531 
531 
532 
532 
532 



5 
10 
15 

20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



514 
512 
513 
513 
513 
513 
513 
514 
510 
515 
515 
514 



514 
516 
516 
516 
516 
516 
516 
516 
516 
515 
516 
515 



515 
514 
514 
513 
513 
513 
514 
511 
513 
514 
513 
513 



512 
514 
514 
516 
516 
516 
515 
515 
515 
515 
514 
514 



513 
510 
511 
511 
511 
511 
511 
511 
512 
513 
510 
510 



511 
513 
513 
513 
513 
512 
513 
515 
515 
515 
514 
516 



510 
517 

517 
517 
517 
517 
517 
517 
517 
517 
517 
517 



518 

518 
510 
519 
520 
520 
520 
521 
521 
521 
521 
521 



521 

521 
521 

521 
521 
521 
522 
522 
522 
522 
523 
523 



526 
525 
529 
528 
525 
520 
517 
517 
51C 
517 
520 
523 



523 
520 
527 
531 
533 
5:s2 

531 
533 
532 
534 
534 
532 



533 
533 
531 
534 
536 
536 
537 
538 
538 
536 
538 
542 



541 
537 
535 
534 
535 
537 
537 
536 
534 
533 
533 
532 



532 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 



530 
531 
532 
532 
533 
532 
532 
533 
533 
533 
532 
532 



532 
532 
532 

532 
532 
533 
533 
533 
532 
532 
532 
531 



531 
531 
532 
582 
532 
533 
533 
533 
532 
532 
532 
532 



531 
531 

531 
532 
531 
531 
532 
533 
533 
534 
532 
532 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, December 15, 1882. 



Om 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



524 


523 


526 


528 


531 


534 


538 


538 


541 


543 


543 


544 


542 


543 


544 


543 


542 


540 


541 


535 


531 


522 


516 


523 


525 


525 


52'J 


530 


535 


537 


540 


542 


543 


544 


545 


543 


543 


544 


543 


542 


540 


540 


534 


531 


522 


517 


523 


524 


525 


530 


531 


535 


538 


540 


542 


543 


544 


545 


543 


543 


544 


543 


541 


540 


540 


533 


530 


522 


515 


523 


524 


525 


530 


531 


535 


538 


539 


542 


543 


544 


544 


543 


543 


544 


542 


541 


540 


539 


531 


530 


522 


516 


523 


524 


526 


530 


531 


536 


538 


539 


543 


543 


544 


544 


541 


543 


544 


542 


541 


540 


539 


532 


528 


522 


517 


523 


524 


527 


530 


532 


536 


539 


539 


543 


543 


544 


543 


541 


544 


545 


542 


541 


540 


539 


531 


527 


521 


518 


523 


525 


527 


530 


532 


536 


538 


539 


543 


544 


544 


544 


542 


543 


545 


542 


541- 


540 


539 


531 


527 


520 


518 


523 


525 


527 


530 


532 


536 


538 


539 


543 


544 


544 


542 


542 


542 


545 


542 


541 


540 


538 


531 


526 


519 


517 


522 


525 


527 


530 


532 


537 


538 


540 


543 


544 


544 


540 


542 


542 


544 


542 


541 


540 


539 


531 


525 


518 


516 


523 


525 


527 


530 


532 


538 


538 


540 


543 


544 


544 


540 


541 


543 


543 


542 


541 


540 


538 


531 


524 


517 


515 


523 


525 


527 


531 


533 


538 


538 


540 


543 


544 


544 


540 


541 


544 


543 


542 


541 


540 


536 


531 


523 


515 


514 


522 


525 


527 


531 


533 


538 


538 


541 


543 


544 


544 


541 


543 


544 


543 


542 


541 


540 


536 


531 


522 


513 


515 



514 
514 
514 
514 
514 
514 
515 
515 
515 
515 
514 
5H 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer ; January 2, 1883. 



Om 


511 


511 


510 


510 


509 


507 


505 


504 


504 


501 


500 


497 


497 


490 


493 


499 


499 


495 


494 


497 


488 


481 


486 


488 


5 


512 


510 


510 


510 


507 


508 


505 


504 


503 


501 


500 


498 


496 


487 


494 


500 


498 


495 


495 


496 


486 


481 


485 


488 


10 


510 


510 


510 


510 


507 


506 


505 


504 


503 


501 


500 


497 


496 


475 


492 


499 


499 


494 


495 


495 


487 


482 


486 


488 


15 


513 


510 


510 


510 


507 


506 


505 


504 


503 


501 


500 


497 


496 


479 


493 


501 


499 


495 


496 


493 


489 


482 


485 


488 


20 


512 


510 


510 


510 


506 


506 


505 


504 


503 


501 


499 


496 


496 


476 


495 


503 


499 


495 


496 


492 


487 


482 


485 


487 


25 


512 


510 


510 


510 


506 


506 


505 


504 


502 


501 


499 


497 


496 


484 


494 


504 


498 


495 


496 


492 


487 


482 


486 


487 


30 


512 


510 


510 


510 


506 


507 


505 


504 


502 


501 


499 


496 


495 


480 


491 


499 


497 


494 


497 


492 


486 


482 


485 


487 


35 


511 


510 


510 


510 


507 


506 


505 


504 


502 


501 


499 


496 


495 


489 


492 


500 


496 


494 


498 


492 


486 


482 


486 


487 


40 


511 


510 


510 


510 


507 


506 


504 


504 


501 


501 


499 


497 


495 


487 


491 


499 


495 


494 


500 


492 


487 


483 


485 


487 


45 


511 


510 


510 


510 


507 


505 


504 


504 


501 


501 


498 


497 


485 


489 


495 


499 


496 


494 


500 


491 


485 


483 


486 


487 


50 


511 


510 


510 


509 


506 


506 


504 


504 


501 


501 


498 


496 


493 


488 


500 


498 


496 


494 


499, 


489 


483 


484 


487 


487 


55 


510 


510 


509 


509 


507 


506 


504 


504 


501 


500 


498 


497 


483 


493 


498 


497 


496 


494 


497 


488 


482 


485 


487 


487 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, January 15, 1883. 





522 


521 


520 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


510 


513 


519 


518 


518 


518 


525 


517 


514 


507 


504 


508 


5 


522 


522 


520 


518 


518 


517 


516 


516 


516 


515 


515 


515 


498 


516 


523 


517 


518 


518 


524 


516 


512 


508 


503 


508 


10 


522 


522 


519 


518 


518 


517 


516 


516 


516 


515 


515 


515 


498 


514 


526 


517 


518 


519 


521 


516 


510 


506 


503 


508 


15 


522 


521 


519 


518 


518 


517 


•516 


516 


516 


515 


515 


514 


505 


516 


528 


517 


518 


519 


521 


515 


512 


505 


504 


509 


20 


522 


521 


519 


518 


518 


517 


516 


516 


516 


515 


515 


514 


511 


516 


528 


517 


518 


520 


521 


516 


510 


504 


504 


509 


25 


522 


521 


519 


518 


518 


517 


516 


516 


515 


515 


515 


513 


510 


517 


525 


518 


51S 


522 


521 


517 


509 


504 


504 


509 


30 


522 


521 


518 


518 


518 


517 


516 


516 


515 


515 


515 


512 


507 


517 


524 


518 


518 


524 


520 


517 


508 


504 


505 


509 


35 


522 


521 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


511 


508 


512 


522 


518 


518 


525 


520 


517 


509 


503 


505 


510 


40 


522 


520 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


511 


511 


517 


519 


517 


518 


525 


520 


516 


509 


502 


506 


510 


45 


522 


521 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


506 


508 


519 


519 


517 


517 


526 


520 


515 


510 


502 


507 


511 


50 


522 


520 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


505 


507 


520 


518 


516 


517 


526 


519 


514 


508 


503 


507 


511 


55 


522 


520 


518 


518 


518 


517 


515 


516 


515 


515 


515 


5U6 


510 


518 


518 


517 


517 


526 


518 


514 


507 


504 


503 


511 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, February 1, 1883. 



0" 


522 


520 


516 


512 


511 


512 


508 


506 


506 


504 


501 


500 


501 


499 


500 


499 


502 


501 


509 


522 


513 


508 


530 


494 


5 


522 


519 


515 


512 


511 


511 


507 


507 


505 


503 


501 


499 


500 


497 


500 


499 


503 


501 


511 


523 


513 


513 


530 


502 


10 


522 


519 


516 


512 


511 


511 


507 


507 


505 


503 


501 


499 


499 


508 


500 


499 


502 


502 


512 


526 


513 


512 


530 


507 


15 


521 


518 


515 


512 


511. 


511 


507 


507 


505 


503 


501 


500 


499 


509 


500 


499 


502 


502 


512 


521 


511 


503 


521 


504 


20 


522 


518 


515 


513 


510 


511 


507 


507 


505 


503 


500 


500 


500 


505 


500 


500 


502 


502 


512 


517 


510 


510 


521 


498 


25 


521 


518 


515 


513 


509 


511 


506 


507 


505 


503 


500 


503 


501 


503 


499 


500 


502 


502 


512 


520 


50S 


515 


523 


493 


30 


521 


518 


514 


512 


510 


510 


500 


507 


505 


502 


500 


504 


501 


503 


499 


500 


502 


503 


512 


520 


505 


519 


519 


497 


35 


521 


517 


513 


512 


511 


510 


506 


506 


5U5 


502 


500 


502 


500 


502 


499 


501 


501 


504 


511 


522 


501 


522 


520 


498 


40 


521 


516 


512 


512 


510 


509 


500 


506 


505 


502 


500 


503 


499 


502 


499 


501 


501 


507 


511 


521 


498 


521 


523 


496 


45 


521 


516 


513 


512 


511 


509 


506 


506 


505 


502 


499 


503 


498 


500 


499 


502 


501 


507 


513 


518 


406 


519 


515 


491 


50 


520 


516 


512 


512 


511 


518 


500 


506 


505 


502 


499 


50! 


498 


502 


499 


502 


501 


507 


518 


516 


496 


5!>0 


510 


489 


55 


520 


516 


513 


511 


511 


508 


506 


500 


504 


502 


500 


502 


498 


502 


499 


502 


502 


508 


522 


514 


498 


528 


508 


494 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, February 15, 1883. 



545 





0" 


1" 


2" 


3* 


4» 


5» 


6 h 


7 h 


8" 


W 


10" 


11" 


Noon. 


13 h 


14 h 


15& 


16 h 


17" 


18* 


19 h 


20 h 


21 h 


22>> 


23* 




503 


505 


503 


502 


503 


500 


500 


497 


493 


490 


490 


490 


492 


490 


490 


491 


492 


492 


493 


494 


495 


495 


495 


495 


5 


503 


505 


502 


503 


501 


501 


409 


498 


492 


490 


490 


490 


492 


488 


491 


491 


492 


492 


493 


494 


495 


495 


495 


4U5 


10 


503 


505 


502 


503 


501 


501 


498 


498 


492 


490 


490 


491 


493 


490 


491 


491 


492 


492 


494 


495 


495 


495 


495 


495 


15 


504 


505 


502 


503 


501 


501 


498 


498 


492 


491 


490 


491 


492 


490 


491 


491 


492 


492 


494 


495 


495 


496 


495 


495 


20 


505 


505 


502 


503 


500 


501 


498 


498 


492 


491 


490 


491 


492 


489 


491 


491 


492 


492 


494 


495 


495 


496 


495 


494 


25 


504 


504 


502 


503 


500 


501 


498 


498 


492 


491 


490 


492 


490 


490 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


494 


495 


496 


495 


494 


30 


504 


504 


502 


501 


501 


501 


498 


498 


491 


491 


490 


493 


489 


490 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


494 


495 


495 


495 


494 


35 


504 


503 


502 


504 


501 


501 


498 


498 


491 


491 


490 


492 


484 


489 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


495 


495 


495 1 495 


494 


<n 


504 


503 


501 


504 


500 


501 


498 


498 


491 


491 


490 


492 


486 


490 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


495 


495 


495 1 495 


494 


45 


504 


503 


502 


504 


500 


501 


498 


49fi 


491 


491 


490 


493 


489 


490 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


495 


49G 


495 


495 


494 


50 


505 


503 


502 


503 


501 


500 


498 


494 


491 


491 


490 


492 


492 


490 


491 


492 


492 


492 


494 


495 


496 


495 


495 


404? 


55 


505 


503 


502 


503 


501 


500 


498 


494 


491 


491 


490 


492 


491 


489 


491 


492 


492 


493 


494 


495 


496 


495 


495 


494 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, March 1, 1883. 



0"> 


502 


502 


501 


500 


498 


497 


487 


483 


496 


494 


495 


484 


494 


523 


509 


512 


530 


529 


515 


522 


522 


499 


49,3 


501 


5 


502 


502 


501 


500 


497 


498 


487 


484 


495 


496 


488 


481 


491 


525 


509 


509 


533 


529 


513 


522 


516 


499 


493 


500 


10 


503 


502 


502 


498 


496 


498 


487 


484 


494 


497 


4S6 


486 


490 


522 


510 


509 


535 


531 


515 


523 


521 


501 


•191 


501 


15 


503 


502 


503 


498 


496 


499 


487 


48fi 


494 


497 


481 


485 


494 


523 


510 


511 


533 


530 


517 


526 


519 


501 


495 


!W1 


20 


502 


502 


502 


499 


496 


498 


487 


488 


494 


492 


484 


486 


496 


520 


512 


508 


529 


528 


515 


527 


516 


499 


490 


502 


25 


502 


502 


501 


499 


496 


495 


487 


490 


494 


494 


482 


486 


503 


518 


512 


508 


529 


528 


516 


528 


514 


499 


498 


500 


30 


503 


502 


502 


499 


496 


496 


487 


495 


494 


494 


477 


488 


4S8 


514 


513 


522 


530 


525 


515 


519 


514 


496 


497 


49J 


35 


503 


502 


502 


499 


496 


494 


478 


495 


494 


493 


481 


484 


480 


514 


516 


524 


533 


522 


517 


520 


513 


497 


497 


499 


40 


503 


502 


502 


499 


497 


490 


481 


495 


494 


490 


480 


484 


488 


513 


512 


524 


533 


520 


517 


495 


511 


499 


498 


501 


45 


502 


502 


503 


499 


496 


489 


484 


496 


494 


493 


483 


488 


493 


515 


511 


525 


532 


519 


517 


514 


506 


498 


499 1 


500 


50 


503 


502 


503 


501 


497 


491 


489 


496 


494 


495 


489 


493 


513 


513 


511 


526 


533 


518 


517 


517 


508 


498 


501 


503 


55 


503 


502 


502 


500 


497 


488 


484 


496 


493 


494 


485 


496 


530 


510 


512 


527 


534 


517 


519 


519 


498 


497 


502 

1 


502 



Term day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, March, 15, 1883. 



0' 

5 

10 

15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
41) 
45 
50 
55 



548 


549 


517 


542 


524 


514 


519 


52fi 


525 


521 


524 


520 


537 


542 


544 


540 


539 


541 


538 


537 


537 


537 


538 


548 


548 


546 


541 


523 


525 


518 


527 


525 


522 


526 


521 


543 


543 


544 


539 


540 


541 


539 


537 


537 


537 


537 


548 


548 


545 


541 


521 


525 


522 


527 


525 


522 


526 


523 


543 


544 


544 


539 


541 


541 


539 


537 


537 


537 


537 


548 


548 


545 


541 


521 


524 


523 


527 


523 


523 


526 


526 


543 


545 


543 


539 


541 


540 


538 


537 


537 


537 


537 


548 


547 


545 


543 


520 


524 


524 


526 


520 


523 


526 


524 


544 


544 


543 


539 


542 


540 


538 


537 


537 


537 


538 i 


548 


547 


545 


541 


519 


524 


525 


527 


521 


525 


527 


529 


545 


544 


543 


539 


543 


540 


538 


537 


537 


537 


538 


548 


547 


545 


539 


517 


524 


525 


527 


519 


525 


520 


529 


544 


542 


543 


539 


512 


539 


538 


537 


536 


537 


538 1 


549 


547 


545 


535 


516 


520 


526 


527 


525 


524 


525 


527 


542 


544 


542 


539 


542 


539 


■538 


537 


537 


537 


538 ! 


549 


547 


545 


535 


516 


517 


527 


527 


516 


524 


522 


524 


542 


544 


541 


539 


542 


539 


5.J7 


537 


537 


537 


538 | 


549 


547 


545 


532 


516 


516 


526 


527 


518 


524 


522 


529 


543 


544 


541 


539 


541 


539 


537 


537 


537 


538 


538 1 


549 


547 


544 


531 


517 


517 


526 


527 


520 


523 


521 


530 


543 


544 


540 


539 


541 


539 


£37 


537 


537 


538 


538 


549 


547 


541- 


529 


517 


516 


526 


525 


519 


524 


521 


536 


542 


544 


540 


539 


541 


538 


537 


537 


537 


538 


538 

! 



538 
538 
538 
538 
538 
537 
537 
537 
537 
537 
537 
537 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, April 1, 1883. 



o° 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



444 


446 


448 


448 


443 


443 


443 


445 


440 


435 


440 


445 


456 


468 


462 


459 


461 


460 


459 


457 


458 


457 


1 
457 ! 


445 


446 


448 


451 


444 


443 


443 


445 


440 


4? 5 


440 


446 


457 


468 


462 


458 


462 


460 


4C0 


450 


457 


457 


457 


445 


447 


448 


447 


444 


442 


443 


444 


438 


436 


440 


446 


457 


468 


462 


457 


462 


461 


460 


456 


458 


457 


457 1 


415 


446 


448 


448 


443 


442 


443 


443 


436 


437 


443 


446 


457 


4C6 


401 


456 


4(2 


4. r 9 


4(0 


456 


458 


457 


457 | 


445 


446 


448 


448 


443 


443 


443 


442 


434 


439 


443 


447 


449 


466 


461 


455 


462 


459 


460 


457 


458 


457 


457 


445 


447 


448 


447 


443 


443 


443 


443 


435 


439 


442 


447 


4C0 


464 


460 


4f.6 


462 


459 


460 


457 


457 


457 


457 


445 


448 


448 


447 


443 


443 


443 


444 


436 


439 


442 


447 


461 


464 


459 


456 


461 


459 


459 


457 


458 


457 


456 


445 


447 


448 


446 


413 


443 


443 


443 


435 


440 


442 


447 


4€4 


463 


459 


456 


461 


459 


458 


457 


457 


458 


457 


445 


447 


448 


446 


443 


442 


443 


443 


435 


440 


443 


449 


467 


464 


459 


457 


461 


4. c 9 


4. r 8 


457 


457 


458 


458 


445 


447 


448 


444 


443 


442 


443 


442 


435 


440 


444 


447 


464 


464 


459 


458 


461 


459 


458 


457 


457 


458 


457 


445 


447 


448 


443 


443 


443 


444 


441 


434 


440 


444 


451 


466 


463 


460 


458 


460 


459 


457 


457 


457 


458 


457 


445 


448 


448 


443 


443 


443 


444 


441 


435 


439 


443 


454 


467 


463 


459 


460 


460 


459 


457 


457 


458 


457 


457 



457 
457 
458 
456 
456 
45G 
456 
45G 
456 
458 
456 
456 



Term day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, April 15, 1S83. 



o» 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
65 



452 


451 


452 


450 ' 


449 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


449 


448 


449 


448 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


449 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


449 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


449 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


449 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


449 


44<! 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


448 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


448 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 


448 


449 


448 


448 


452 


452 


450 


450 


449 


449 


448 ! 448 


449 


448 


448 


451 


452 


450 


449 


449 


449 


448 i 448 
i 


449 


448 


448 



448 
44S 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 I 448 



448 
448 
448 
448 



418 
448 
448 
448 i 



448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
448 
44 3 



448 


449 


452 


453 


452 


454 


450 


44G 


442 


448 


449 


452 


452 


451 


454 


449 


446 


442 


448 


449 


452 


452 


451 


453 


449 


445 


442 


449 


459 


452 


452 


451 


453 


449 


445 


442 


449 


450 


452 


452 


451 


453 


448 


444 


442 


449 


450 


453 


452 


451 


453 


448 


444 


441 


449 


450 


453 


452 


451 


452 


448 


444 


441 


449 


451 


453 


452 


451 


452 


448 


444 


440 


449 


451 


453 


452 


451 


452 


447 


444 


440 


449 


451 


453 


452 


450 


451 


447 


443 


439 


449 


451 


453 


452 


450 


451 


447 


443 


439 


449 


452 


453 


452 


450 


450 


446 


443 


439 , 



439 
439 
438 
438 
438 
438 
438 
437 
437 
437 
437 
437 



H. Ex. 44- 



-G9 



546 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, May 1, 1883. 



0' 
5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
»45 
50 
55 



01. 



530 
529 
529 
529 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 



11. 



530 
530 
530 
530 
5:;u 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 
530 



2i. 



530 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 



531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
•531 
531 
531 



4b 



531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 



51. 



531 

532 
532 
532 
532 
532 
532 
532 
531 
532 
532 
532 



Hi. 



531 
531 

530 
530 
529 

528 
528 
528 
528 
527 
528 
527 



7* 



527 
527 
527 
527 
527 
527 
527 
527 
525 
520 
524 
524 



8b 



524 

526 
520 
526 

520 
520 
526 

527 

527 
527 
527 
528 



91. 



529 

529 
529 
529 

529 
52!) 
529 

529 
529 
529 
529 

529 



10h 



529 
529 
529 
529 
530 
539 
530 
530 
530 
530 
53 1 1 
530 



lib 



531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
531 
532 
532 
530 
530 
532 



Noon. 


13b 


14b 


15b 


16h 


17h 


18b 


19b 


20b 


21b 


22b 


533 


530 


532 


534 


536 


537 


537 


536 


531 


529 


528 


533 


530 


533 


534 


536 


537 


537 


536 


530 


529 


528 


533 


530 


533 


534 


536 


537 


537 


530 


530 


529 


528 


533 


531 


533 


534 


536 


537 


538 


535 


530 


529 


527 


533 


531 


533 


534 


536 


537 


540 


535- 


529 


520 


527 


530 


531 


533 


534 


536 


537 


539 


534 


528 


529 


527 


532 


530 


533 


534 


530 


537 


538 


534 


529 


529 


527 


532 


531 


533 


534 


536 


537 


538 


533 


529 


52P 


527 


530 


531 


533 


535 


536 


538 


538 


531 


529 


528 


527 


529 


532 


533 


535 


536 


538 


538 


531 


529 


529 


527 


529 


532 


534 


535 


536 


538 


537 


531 


529 


529 


527 


530 


532 


534 


535 


536 


538 


537 


532 


530 


528 


527 



23b 



528 
528 
528 
528 
527 
527 
527 
527 
527 
528 
528 
528 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, May 15, 18S3. 



ra 
5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



492 


486 


485 


487 


479 


1 
479 


487 


488 


485 


485 


479 


479 


487 


484 


485 


485 


480 


479 


487 


483 


486 


4S5 


480 


479 


487 


486 


486 


483 


480 


479 


483 


485 


487 


483 


479 


479 


483 


4 HO 


487 


483 


478 


479 


486 


486 


487 


483 


478 


479 


4S6 


4S5 


488 


483 


478 


479 


486 


485 


488 


482 


479 


479 


480 


485 


488 


482 


479 


479 


480 


485 


488 


480 


479 


479 



479 
477 
476 
475 
475 
475 
475 



473 
472 



472 
472 
472 
472 
472 
471 
470 



475 ' 469 
475 i 468 
474 



408 
-107 



467 


456 


457 


456 


466 


481 


482 


487 


493 


497 


489 


488 


483 


478 


! 

476 


466 


457 


456 


461 


465 


479 


482 


487 


496 


494 


490 


488 


482 


478 


475 


466 


454 


456 


457 


468 


479 


483 


487 


499 


493 


489 


488 


480 


477 


475 


466 


445 


458 


461 


472 


479 


483 


489 


499 


492 


490 


487 


480 


477 


475 


465 


444 


457 


461 


474 


480 


483 


489 


498 


491 


490 


486 


479 


477 


475 


465 


449 


458 


458 


476 


481 


483 


489 


496 


490 


489 


485 


478 


477 


475 


404 


452 


456 


468 


476 


481 


483 


489 


495 


491 


490 


484 


477 


477 


475 


464 


452 


455 


463 


477 


480 


484 


490 


495 


491 


487 


484 


477 


477 


473 


462 


454 


452 


459 


474 


481 


485 


491 


495 


491 


489 


484 


476 


477 


472 


460 


454 


453 


461 


478 


481 


486 


491 


497 


491 


489 


484 


477 


476 


471 


457 


454 


448 


462 


478 


481 


487 


491 


498 


490 


489 


4S4 


478 


475 


471 


455 


456 


450 


466 


479 


481 


487 


492 


497 


489 


490 


484 


478 


476 


470 



470 
470 
470 
470 
470 
470 
470 
470 
471 
472 
472 
472 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, June 1, 1883. 



m 

5 

10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



536 


537 


534 


533 


533 


530 


530 


532 


535 


532 


531 


534 


534 


537 


532 


534 


538 


543 


540 


542 


531 


517 


518 


536 


538 


534 


534 


533 


530 


531 


530 


535 


531 


531 


534 


534 


537 


532 


535 


538 


542 


543 


542 


531 


517 


518 


536 


538 


534 


534 


532 


530 


532 


532 


534 


531 


532 


534 


534 


537 


532 


536 


538 


542 


544 


541 


532 


517 


518 


536 


538 


534 


533 


532 


531 


531 


532 


534 


531 


533 


534 


534 


535 


532 


536 


541 


541 


544 


540 


529 


517 


518 


537 


537 


534 


534 


532 


531 


531 


532 


533 


531 


534 


534 


534 


534 


532 


536 


542 


541 


545 


540 


524 


519 


518 


538 


536 


534 


534 


532 


■531 


532 


532 


533 


532 


534 


533 


535 


534 


532 


536 


542 


541 


544 


538 


524 


519 


517 


537 


535 


534 


534 


531 


531 


532 


532 


533 


532 


535 


533 


541 


533 


533 


536 


541 


540 


543 


539 


523 


519 


517 


537 


534 


534 


534 


531 


531 


531 


533 


533 


532 


535 


532 


542 


533 


533 


537 


541 


540 


542 


538 


522 


519 


517 


537 


534 


534 


534 


531 


531 


532 


533 


532 


532 


535 


532 


538 


532 


533 


537 


541 


540 


542 


538 


521 


519 


517 


537 


534 


534 


534 


531 


530 


532 


533 


532 


531 


534 


533 


538 


532 


533 


537 


542 


540 


542 


535 


520 


518 


517 


537 


534 


534 


534 


531 


530 


532 


533 


532 


531 


534 


533 


538 


532 


533 


537 


542 


539 


542 


532 


517 


518 


517 


537 


534 


534 


534 


531 


530 


532 


534 


532 


531 


534 


534 


537 


532 


534 


537 


543 


539 


542 


532 


518 


518 


517 



517 
517 
518 
519 
519 
519 
519 
519 
519 
519 
519 
519 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, June 15, 1883. 



o™ 

5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



530 


528 


531 


528 


531 


528 


531 


528 


531 


528 


531 


52S 


531 


528 


530 


527 


530 


527 


530 


527 


529 


527 


529 


527 



526 


526 


525 


525 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


525 


525 


524 


522 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


527 


526 


525 


524 


524 


522 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


525 


524 


524 


522 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


525 


524 


524 


523 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


526 


524 


524 


523 


524 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


526 


524 


524 


523 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


526 


524 


524 


523 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


526 


524 


524 


523 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


526 


525 


524 


523 


523 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


525 


525 


524 


523 


524 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 


526 


525 


525 


524 


523 


524 


525 


524 


524 


524 


525 



526 


527 


527 


530 


529 


528 


527 


525 


525 


526 


527 


528 


530 


529 


528 


526 


525 


524 


526 


527 


528 


530 


529 


527 


526 


524 


525 


526 


526 


528 


530 


529 


527 


526 


525 


525 


526 


526 


528 


530 


529 


527 


525 


525 


524 


526 


526 


529 


530 


529 


528 


525 


525 


524 


526 


520 


529 


529 


529 


528 


525 


525 


524 


526 


526 


529 


530 


529 


528 


524 


525 


524 


526 


526 


529 


530 


529 


528 


524 


525 


524 


526 


526 


529 


529 


528 


528 


524 


525 


524 


526 


526 


529 


529 


528 


527 


524 


526 


523 


526 


527 


530 


529 


528 


527 


524 


526 


523 



523 
523 
523 
523 
523 
523 
523 
524 
525 
525 
524 
523 



Term-day readings of the Broolce balance magnetometer, July 1, 1883. 



0" 


525 


519 


499 


500 


511 


515 


502 


518 


517 


512 


509 


520 


538 


536 


538 


545 


547 


557 


558 


563 


554 


543 


534 


534 


5 ....:... 


524 


512 


500 


503 


516 


512 


502 


519 


517 


512 


508 


519 


539 


536 


537 


545 


558 


555 


560 


565 


554 


541 


534 


535 


10 


524 


511 


501 


506 


519 


511 


503 


520 


517 


514 


508 


521 


537 


535 


534 


544 


557 


555 


562 


564 


552 


538 


535 


536 


15 


523 


508 


501 


507 


519 


510 


506 


519 


516 


515 


508 


521 


537 


534 


535 


544 


557 


555 


564 


564 


549 


536 


535 


537 


20 


523 


507 


496 


507 


519 


507 


504 


520 


515 


515 


511 


524 


531 


535 


536 


543 


557 


555 


561 


565 


548 


536 


535 


539 


25 


523 


507 


491 


505 


518 


506 


506 


519 


515 


515 


513 


522 


534 


535 


534 


543 


556 


555 


560 


566 


547 


534 


536 


539 


30 


524 


503 


492 


507 


518 


506 


509 


518 


514 


516 


512 


522 


538 


536 


535 


543 


555 


554 


559 


566 


543 


535 


536 


538 


35 


522 


501. 


493 


507 


519 


504 


509 


520 


514 


516 


511 


527 


529 


536 


535 


542 


557 


555 


563 


563 


543 


536 


536 


538 


40 


520 


491 


495 


509 


518 


504 


512 


520 


514 


517 


513 


522 


531 


537 


538 


543 


558 


556 


563 


557 


545 


537 


535 


538 


45 


522 


497 


494 


509 


517 


502 


513 


520 


514 


518 


514 


530 


532 


537 


540 


538 


558 


556 


558 


557 


547 


536 


536 


537 


50 


521 


492 


498 


512 


517 


502 


516 


519 


513 


518 


516 


529 


533 


536 


543 


544 


557 


557 


559 


557 


547 


534 


535 


537 


55 


519 


495 


497 


512 


516 


501 


516 


518 


512 


516 


518 


529 


534 


537 


545 


546 


557 


557 


561 


554 


546 


533 


535 


533 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 547 

Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, July 15, 1883. 





0" 


1" 


2" 


8* 


4 h 


5" 


«" 


7" 


8" 


9" 


10 h 


11' 


Noon. 


13* 


14" 


15" 


16" 


IT" 


18" 


19 h 


20" 


21" 


22" 


23" 


0"' 


545 


546 


544 


543 


539 


544 


542 


545 


544 


542 


543 


545 


543 


542 


543 


544 


546 


556 


563 


549 


543 


539 


539 


535 


5 


540 


545 


543 


544 


539 


544 


542 


545 


543 


541 


543 


546 


543 


542 


542 


545 


546 


558 


567 


554 


541 


538 


538 


537 


10 


546 


544 


544 


543 


540 


544 


543 


545 


543 


542 


544 


545 


543 


542 


542 


545 


545 


558 


562 


557 


542 


539 


538 


537 


15 


,*>4C 


544 


544 


542 


541 


544 


542 


545 


542 


542 


544 


545 


543 


542 


543 


545 


547 


558 


559 


554 


542 


540 


538 


537 


20 


540 


544 


544 


542 


541 


543 


543 


545 


543 


542 


544 


544 


543 


542 


543 


545 


550 


559 


560 


551 


543 


541 


536 


538 


25 


547 


544 


544 


541 


542 


543 


544 


545 


543 


542 


544 


543 


543 


542 


543 


545 


550 


558 


559 


550 


542 


541 


537 


538 


30 


547 


544 


544 


541 


542 


543 


544 


545 


544 


542 


544 


544 


543 


543 


543 


546 


550 


558 


558 


550 


543 


541 


537 


538 


35 


540 


544 


543 


541 


543 


543 


544 


544 


544 


543 


544 


544 


543 


543 


542 


546 


550 


558 


555 


547 


541 


542 


536 


539 


40 


540 


543 


543 


541 


543 


543 


545 


544 


544 


543 


544 


544 


544 


543 


542 


547 


550 


561 


554 


547 


542 


542 


535 


539 


45 


540 


544 


543 


540 


542 


542 


545 


544 


544 


542 


544 


544 


544 


543 


544 


546 


553 


560 


555 


546 


540 


542 


536 


541 


50 


546 


543 


543 


540 


543 


542 


545 


544 


544 


542 


544 


544 


544 


543 


543 


545 


554 


560 


556 


545 


540 


541 


536 


542 


55 


546 


544 


541 


540 


543 


542 


545 


544 


544 


542 


544 


543 


543 


543 


543 


545 


555 


564 


556 


544 


541 


540 


535 


543 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, August 1, 1883. 



m 


550 


536 


530 


536 


534 


528 


530 


542 


548 


547 


546 


555 


551 


549 


549 


558 


557 


560 


560 


559 


553 


545 


546 


549 






536 


532 


534 


536 


530 


529 


543 


547 


547 


547 


557 


546 


547 


550 


558 


555 


559 


560 


559 


552 


544 


549 


550 


10 


540 


535 


532 


534 


536 


528 


534 


545 


548 


548 


548 


557 


547 


546 


551 


560 


555 


561 


560 


558 


551 


546 


549 


549 


15 


548 


532 


534 


534 


536 


528 


535 


545 


548 


448 


547 


564 


549 


546 


552 


559 


554 


562 


560 


559 


551 


547 


548 


548 


20 


545 


532 


535 


534 


536 


530 


534 


545 


548 


545 


547 


567 


549 


547 


552 


559 


554 


562 


560 


559 


550 


546 


551 


548 


25 


542 


532 


536 


534 


535 


530 


536 


545 


548 


546 


547 


562 


549 


548 


552 


560 


555 


563 


561 


558 


549 


5*6 


551 


547 


30 


541 


531 


536 


534 


535 


528 


536 


545 


547 


545 


553 


559 


551 


551 


551 


559 


555 


563 


562 


556 


549 


546 


549 


547 


35 


540 


530 


536 


534 


533 


528 


538 


546 


547 


546 


559 


559 


554 


549 


553 


558 


555 


562 


562 


555 


548 


546 


548 


548 


40 


539 


529 


536 


534 


532 


530 


539 


547 


548 


545 


562 


560 


554 


548 


553 


558 


556 


562 


562 


555 


547 


544 


549 


548 


45 


538 


530 


535 


534 


530 


527 


539 


548 


547 


544 


563 


559 


553 


547 


555 


557 


557 


561 


561 


554 


546 


546 


549 


548 


50 


537 


530 


536 


535 


528 


530 


541 


548 


547 


545 


563 


561 


550 


548 


555 


557 


557 


560 


561 


553 


544 


546 


550 


547 


55 


537 


530 


536 


535 


530 


530 


541 


558 


548 


545 


561 


557 


550 


547 


557 


557 


558 


561 


560 


553 


545 


545 


549 


549 



Term-day readings of the Brooke balance magnetometer, August 15, 1883. 



o 

5 

lo 

15 
2o 
25 
3» 
35 
4" 
45 
50 
55 



548 


546 


545 


544 


544 


546 


547 


547 


544 


545 


543 


548 


545 


544 


545 


544 


544 


547 


546 


545 


545 


545 


544 


547 


547 


544 


546, 


545 


546 


546 


547 


544 


546 


545 


546 


546 


547 


544 


544 


544 


547 


545 


545 


544 


546 


544 


546 


545 


547 


544 


546 


543 


546 


545 


547 


545 


546 


543 


546 


545 


547 


545 


547 


544 


547 


545 


544 


545 


544 


544 


547 


545 



544 


545 


546 


545 


545 


545 


549 


547 


549 


549 


548 


547 


543 


543 


542 


541 


544 


545 


546 


.-,45 


543 


545 


548 


547 


548 


548 


548 


547 


543 


543 


541 


540 


544 


545 


546 


545 


543 


546 


548 


547 


549 


548 


548 


546 


544 


543 


542 


540 


544 


545 


545 


544 


543 


544 


548 


547 


549 


549 


548 


544 


544 


542 


542 


540 


544 


546 


545 


545 


544 


544 


547 


547 


549 


548 


548 


546 


543 


542 


542 


541 


544 


545 


545 


545 


544 


545 


547 


548 


549 


548 


548 


545 


543 


542 


542 


539 


543 


547 


545 


546 


544 


546 


547 


547 


549 


549 


548 


546 


543 


542 


542 


539 


544 


547 


545 


546 


544 


546 


547 


549 


548 


549 


547 


544 


543 


541 


542 


541 


544 


547 


545 


547 


543 


546 


547 


549 


549 


549 


547 


545 


543 


542 


542 


539 


545 


546 


545 


546 


543 


547 


547 


550 


549 


549 


546 


545 


543 


540 


542 


540 


545 


546 


545 


545 


543 


547 


547 


550 


549 


549 


546 


544 


543 


541 


541 


539 


545 


546 


545 


545 


543 


547 


548 


549 


549 


549 


546 


544 


543 


541 


541 


539 



539 

539 

539- 

538 

538 

538 

539 

539 

538 

538 

537 

537 



548 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 



EEADINGS OF THE BEOOKE VARIATION INSTRUMENTS, TEE UNIFILAE, BIFILAB AND BALANCE 
MAGNETOMETERS ON TERM-HOURS, AT UGLAAMIE, ALASKA, SEPTEMBER, 1882, TO AUGUST, 1881*. 

Headings of the Broolce instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska. 

[Gbttingen time is employed.] 









September 15, 1882. 














October 1, 188' 


) Jt 








(Temperature at loe 


ginning, 45 


°; at 


end, 


45° F.) 


(Temperature 


at beginning, 45° ; at end, 


44° P 


) 

i 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 


















Time. 


















* 


0" 


20' 


40" 


s 


20" 


40' 


0» 


20' 


40» 


0» 


20» 


40' 


0» 


20' 


40' 


0« 


20» 


40' 


h. m. 
15 


550 


550 


549 


713 


715 


716 


406 


406 


406 


h. m. 
16 


546 


550 


552 


515 


510 


507 


413 


413 


413 


15 1 


548 


548 


546 


721 


730 


732 


406 


406 


400 


16 1 


554 


554 


553 


512 


510 


509 


413 


413 


413 


15 2 


546 


546 


545 


728 


724 


727 


406 


406 


400 


16 2 


552 


551 


554 


509 


509 


511 


413 


413 


413 


15 3 


5-14 


543 


542 


734 


742 


745 


407 


407 


407 


16 3 


549 


548 


548 


514 


514 


516 


4)3 


413 


413 


15 4 


543 


543 


543 


745 


744 


744 


407 


407 


407 


16 4 


547 


516 


545 


518 


520 


520 


413 


413 


413 


15 5 


543 


543 


543 


745 


745 


743 


407 


407 


407 


16 5 


545 


544 


543 


519 


517 


512 


413 


413 


413 


15 6 


543 


543 


543 


742 


744 


749 


407 


407 


407 


16 6 


542 


541 


540 


511 


514 


519 


413 


413 


413 


15 7 


544 


544 


544 


754 


755 


754 


407 


407 


4U7 


16 7 


541 


541 


541 


522 


522 


521 


413 


413 


413 


15 8 


543 


544 


544 


754 


755 


756 


407 


407 


407 


16 8 


541 


539 


538 


522 


522 


520 


413 


413 


4i3 


15 9 


545 


546 


546 


755 


754 


754 


407 


407 


407 


16 9 


538 


538 


538 


531 


531 


531 


413 


413 


4i3 


15 10 


546 


546 


546 


755 


754 


751 


407 


407 


407 


16 10 


538 


539 


539 


530 


530 


530 


413 


413 


413 


15 11 


546 


546 


545 


748 


747 


740 


407 


407 


407 


16 11 


541 


540 


539 


532 


534 


535 


413 


413 


413 


15 12 


545 


546 


540 


745 


744 


742 


407 


407 


407 


16 12 


540 


541 


541 


535 


533 


531 


413 


413 


413 


15 13 


546 


516 


546 


741 


740 


738 


407 


407 


407 


16 13 


541 


540 


541 


530 


530 


535 


413 


413 


413 


15 14 


546 


546 


546 


737 


730 


737 


407 


407 


407 


10 14 


541 


541 


540 


534 


533 


532 


413 


413 


413 


15 15 


546 


540 


546 


737 


737 


737 


407 


407 


407 


16 15 


541 


541 


541 


532 


532 


533 


413 


413 


413 


14 16 


546 


546 


546 


736 


735 


732 


407 


407 


407 


16 16 


541 


541 


541 


533 


534 


534 


413 


413 


413 


15 17 


546 


546 


546 


730 


730 


730 


407 


407 


407 


16 17 


541 


541 


541 


534 


533 


532 


413 


413 


413 


15 18 


546 


546 


546 


732 


733 


734 


407 


407 


407 


16 18 


541 


542 


542 


531 


532 


533 


413 


413 


413 


15 19 


545 


545 


545 


734 


735 


735 


407 


407 


407 


16 19 


542 


543 


543 


534 


534 


533 


413 


412 


412 


15 20 


545 


544 


544 


736 


737 


737 


407 


407 


407 


16 20 


544 


544 


543 


532 


533 


533 


412 


412 


412 


15 21 


544 


544 


544 


738 


737 


737 


407 


407 


407 


16 21 


543 


517 


548 


534 


531 


531 


412 


412 


412 


15 22 


545 


545 


546 


736 


737 


737 


407 


407 


407 


16 22 


546 


546 


546 


531 


530 


530 


412 


412 


412 


15 23 


546 


546 


547 


737 


739 


740 


407 


407 


407 


16 23 


547 


547 


546 


532 


536 


540 


412 


412 


412 


15 24 


546 


546 


546 


741 


741 


742 


407 


407 


407 


16 24 


544 


544 


544 


511 


539 


541 


412 


412 


412 


15 25 


545 


544 


543 


742 


739 


733 


407 


407 


406 


16 25 


543 


542 


542 


541 


541 


541 


412 


411 


411 


15 26 


542 


542 


543 


727 


720 


709 


406 


406 


406 


16 26 


541 


541 


541 


541 


544 


544 


411 


411 


411 


15 27 


546 


546 


547 


692 


675 


671 


406 


406 


406 


10 27 


541 


541 


541 


545 


545 


545 


411 


411 


411 


15 28 


547 


547 


547 


680 


691 


693 


406 


406 


406 


16 2S 


541 


542 


541 


545 


545 


544 


411 


411 


411 


15 29 


546 


546 


544 


691 


696 


704 


406 


406 


407 


16 29 


542 


541 


541 


543 


545 


546 


411 


411 


411 


15 30 


543 


542 


542 


711 


712 


711 


407 


407 


407 


16 30 


542 


542 


542 


547 


548 


551 


411 


411 


411 


15 31 


541 


541 


541 


713 


716 


721 


407 


407 


407 


16 31 


542 


542 


542 


551 


550 


550 


410 


410 


410 


15 32 


540 


540 


540 


724 


726 


727 


407 


407 


407 


16 32 


543 


542 


542 


552 


553 


553 


410 


410 


410 


15 33 


540 


539 


538 


726 


728 


731 


407 


407 


407 


16 33 


542 


541 


541 


556 


559 


559 


410 


410 


41(1 


15 34 


537 


537 


537 


734 


733 


731- 


407 


407 


407 


16 34 


541 


541 


541 


558 


500 


562 


410 


410 


410 


15 35 


538 


538 


539 


733 


734 


732 


407 


407 


407 


16 35 


541 


541 


539 


562 


560 


564 


410 


409 


4t9 


15 36 


540 


542 


542 


728 


728 


729 


407 


407 


407 


16 36 


539 


539 


538 


564 


564 


565 


409 


409 


409 


15 37 


541. 


541 


544 


728 


724 


726 


407 


407 


407 


16 37 


530 


537 


536 


569 


570 


570 


409 


409 


409 


15 38 


546 


546 


546 


731 


734 


734 


407 


407 


407 


16 38 


537 


538 


538 


570 


570 


571 


409 


409 


4"9 


15 39 


547 


547 


547 


735 


735 


734 


407 


407 


407 


16 39 


538 


539 


539 


571 


571 


571 


409 


409 


409 


15 40 


546 


546 


546 


734 


737 


741 


407 


407 


407 


16 40 


539 


539 


540 


571 


571 


571 


409 


409 


409 


15 41 


546 


546 


547 


743 


741 


738 


407 


407 


407 


16 41 


538 


539 


539 


576 


576 


571 


409 


409 


409 


15 42 


547 


547 


547 


738 


740 


742 


407 


407 


407 


16 42 


539 


536 


538 


573 


580 


581 


409 


409 


4C9 


15 43 


547 


547 


547 


742 


742 


743 


407 


407 


407 


16 43 


537 


537 


535 


580 


579 


582 


409 


409 


409 


15 44 


547 


546 


546 


743 


742 


740 


407 


407 


407 


16 44 


536 


534 


533 


579 


582 


5f6 


409 


408 


408 


15 45 


546 


546 


547 


742 


744 


746 


407 


407 


406 


16 45 


533 


533 


533 


584 


586 


5S6 


408 


408 


408 


15 46 


547 


548 


548 


743 


737 


731 


406 


406 


406 


16 46 


533 


534 


535 


586 


584 


586 


408 


408 


408 


15 47 


548 


548 


548 


730 


732 


736 


406 


406 


406 


16 47 


535 


536 


537 


585 


584 


581 


408 


408 


408 


15 48 


548 


548 


549 


741 


746 


741 


406 


406 


406 


16 48 


538 


537 


539 


577 


578 


576 


408 


408 


408 


15 49 


549 


550 


551 


731 


731 


739 


400 


406 


406 


16 49 


540 


541 


543 


572 


5G9 


569 


408 


408 


407 


15 50 


551 


552 


553 


741 


739 


742 


406 


406 


406 


16 50 


546 


547 


548 


5G9 


568 


568 


407 


407 


407 


15 51 


553 


553 


554 


745 


745 


739 


406 


406 


406 


16 51 


548 


549 


549 


5G9 


569 


568 


407 


407 


407 


15 52 


554 


554 


554 


738 


740 


745 


406 


406 


406 


16 52 


550 


550 


550 


569 


569 


569 


406 


406 


406 


15 53 


555 


555 


555 


745 


743 


743 


406 


406 


406 


16 53 


551 


551 


549 


566 


567 


567 


406 


406 


405 


15 54 


555 


555 


555 


747 


750 


754 


406 


406 


406 


16 54 


550 


549 


546 


569 


570 


571 


405 


405 


405 


15 55 


556 


556 


555 


756 


757 


756 


406 


406 


406 


16 55 


545 


545 


546 


572 


571 


570 


405 


405 


405 


15 56 


555 


554 


553 


757 


759 


700 


406 


406 


406 


16 56 


545 


545 


544 


570 


571 


571 


405 


405 


405 


15 57 


553 


552 


552 


762 


763 


763 


406 


406 


406 


16 57 


545 


544 


543 


571 


509 


571 


405 


405 


405 


15 58 


551 


551 


551 


764 


766 


767 


406 


406 


406 


16 58 


543 


541 


542 


572 


574 


575 


405 


405 


405 


15 59 


551 


551 


551 


768 


768 


767 


406 


406 


406 


16 59 


542 


543 


543 


577 


578 


579 


405 


405 


405 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Broolce instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



549 









October 15, 1882. 












November 1, 1882. 








(Temperature 


at beginning, 27° ; at end, 26°.8 P.) 


Temperature at beginning 


•,28°.8'; at end,-: 


9°.5 P.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balanco 
magnetometer. 


Time. 
















Time. 


















0" 


20» 


40 s 


0' 


20° 


40" 


0* 


20" 


40 s 


0° 


20° 


40 s 


0° 


20° 


40» 


0" 


20» 


40° 


h. m. 
17 


534 


523 


523 


260 


270 


262 


465 


465 


465 


h. m. 
18 


523 


520 


522 


376 


364 


362 


429 


428 


427 


17 1 


523 


523 


524 


270 


242 


255 


465 


465 


465 


18 1 


521 


521 


522 


358 


356 


375 


426 


426 


427 


17 2 


527 


530 


535 


235 


244 


180 


465 


465 


465 


18 2 


521 


520 


520 


374 


369 


373 


427 


427 


427 


17 3 


539 


543 


550 


210 


192 


205 


465 


465 


465 


18 3 


520 


520 


521 


380 


379 


369 


427 


427 


427 


17 4 


552 


559 


572 


175 


148 


120 


465 


4G5 


466 


18 4 


521 


521 


520 


372 


381 


379 


427 


427 


427 


17 5 


572 


566 


559 


123 


110 


132 


466 


466 


466 


18 5 


520 


520 


521 


384 


379 


379 


427 


427 


427 


17 6 


555 


552 


555 


145 


210 


190 


466 


466 


466 


18 6 


521 


520 


519 


381 


385 


395 


427 


427 


427 


17 7 


552 


552 


550 


200 


212 


222 


466 


466 


466 


18 7 


519 


518 


518 


394 


392 


392 


427 


427 


427 


17 8 


560 


555 


562 


215 


230 


245 


466 


466 


466 


18 8 


518 


518 


519 


393 


392 


394 


427 


427 


427 


17 9 


564 


566 


562 


262 


275 


265 


466 


466 


466 


18 9 


519 


519 


520 


391 


395 


398 


427 


427 


427 


17 10 


569 


568 


564 


272 


275 


280 


466 


466 


466 


18 10 


528 


534 


530 


308 


374 


3S2 


427 


426 


426 


17 11 


562 


562 


555 


266 


250 


265 


466 


467 


467 


18 11 


526 


523 


521 


390 


398 


397 


425 


425 


425 


17 12 


552 


552 


550 


240 


245 


255 


467 


467 


467 


18-12 


520. 


513 


519 


401 


419 


399 


425 


425 


425 


17 13 


548 


542 


540 


249 


263 


255 


467 


467 


467 


18 13 


518 


518 


522 


394 


394 


394 


425 


425 


425 


17 14 


539 


536 


532 


272 


273 


285 


467 


467 


467 


18 14 


524 


527 


528 


395 


383 


392 


425 


425 


425 


17 15 


510 


515 


520 


302 


345 


310 


469 


469 


469 


18 15 


529 


529 


528 


392 


390 


376 


425 


425 


425 


17 16 


519 


515 


508 


329 


342 


380 


469 


469 


469 


18 16 


527 


524 


523 


393 


399 


390 


425 


425 


425 


17 17 


501 


512 


510 


402 


399 


422 


469 


470 


470 


18 17 


520 


521 


519 


396 


393 


398 


424 


424 


424 


17 18 


505 


501 


499 


430 


442 


455 


470 


469 


469 


18 18 


519 


521 


523 


400 


402 


400 


424 


425 


425 


17 19 


500 


502 


402 


460 


462 


565 


465 


469 


472 


18 19 


524 


527 


528 


395 


399 


395 


425 


425 


425 


17 20 


480 


490 


500 


540 


502 


480 


472 


472 


472 


18 20 


530 


528 


525 


376 


365 


376 


424 


424 


424 


17 21 


549 


502 


500 


470 


469 


462 


472 


472 


472 


18 21 


524 


525 


527 


385 


384 


378 


424 


425 


425 


17 22 


502 


505 


510 


459 


458 


458 


470 


470 


470 


18 22 


525 


524 


525 


377 


376 


390 


425 


425 


425 


17 23 


511 


525 


530 


452 


440 


430 


470 


470 


470 


18 23 


524 


528 


530 


396 


392 


389 


425 


425 


425 


17 24 


535 


535 


530 


4)9 


400 


375 


470 


470 


470 


18 24 


534 


537 


532 


384 


390 


390 


425 


425 


425 


17 25 


522 


522 


526 


330 


190 


102 


470 


470 


469 


18 25 


531 


524 


527 


396 


410 


424 


425 


425 


425 


17 26 


529 


530 


532 


88 


110 


1-35 


469 


469 


468 


18 26 


515 


514 


517 


432 


438 


435 


425 


425 


425 


17 27 


529 


530 


532 


192 


225 


225 


468 


467 


467 


18 27 


520 


520 


520 


425 


412 


405 


425 


425 


425 


17 28 


529 


532 


528 


270 


300 


344 


467 


467 


467 


18 28 


519 


517 


514 


390 


390 


384 


424 


424 


424 


17 29 


525 


520 


522 


'392 


405 


400 


467 


467 


465 


18 29 


515 


518 


519 


382 


382 


375 


424 


423 


423 


17 30 


516 


515 


510 


410 


412 


413 


465 


465 


465 


18 30 


519 


520 


519 


376 


378 


385 


423 


423 


423 


17 31 


509 


510 


502 


425 


439 


440 


465 


465 


465 


18 31 


522 


524 


524 


388 


379 


376 


424 


424 


424 


17 32 


502 


502 


500 


439 


452 


465 


465 


465 


465 


18 32 


523 


522 


525 


379 


380 


383 


424 


424 


424 


17 33 


549 


595 


599 


470 


462 


469 


464 


464 


464 


18 33 


528 


527 


527 


376 


375 


375 


424 


424 


424 


17 34 


500 


510 


505 


472 


470 


469 


464 


464 


464 


18 34 


529 


530 


530 


380 


384 


380 


424 


424 


424 


17 35 


502 


503 


505 


466 


460 


472 


464 


464 


464 


18 35 


532 


532 


533 


376 


378 


385 


424 


424 


424 


17 36 


508 


512 


514 


470 


468 


464 


464 


463 


463 


18 36 


533 


534 


533 


383 


386 


389 


424 


424 


423 


17 37 


515 


518 


514 


465 


469 


472 


463 


463 


463 


18 37 


531 


530 


532 


390 


378 


376 


423 


423 


423 


17 38 


512 


510 


512 


465 


465 


464 


463 


463 


462 


18 38 


534 


535 


534 


380 


375 


3G6 


423 


423 


423 


17 39 


511 


513 


515 


462 


460 


460 


462 


462 


462 


18 39 


534 


533 


533 


364 


365 


366 


423 


423 


422 


17 40 


517 


517 


514 


459 


461 


465 


461 


461 


461 


18 40 


533 


529 


529 


358 


366 


367 


422 


422 


422 


17 41 


512 


511 


512 


465 


468 


470 


461 


460 


460 


18 41 


530 


530 


530 


374 


370 


354 


422 


422 


422 


17 42 


514 


515 


519 


467 


463 


462 


460 


460 


460 


18 42 


530 


534 


536 


346 


350 


352 


422 


422 


422 


17 43 


520 


518 


519 


458 


455 


458 


460 


460 


460 


18 43 


538 


540 


537 


349 


339 


354 


422 


422 


422 


17 44 


521 


525 


531 


454 


450 


444 


460 


460 


459 


18 44 


535 


533 


538 


"355 


349 


346 


422 


421 


421 


17 45 


538 


540 


542 


435 


425 


419 


459 


459 


459 


18 45 


538 


539 


540 


346 


340 


334 


421 


421 


421 


17 46 


545 


548 


550 


410 


406. 


400 


459 


459 


459 


18 46 


544 


544 


546 


320 


319 


324 


421 


421 


421 


17 47 


550 


555 


560 


385 


370 


365 


459 


459 


459 


18 47 


544 


543 


541 


325 


314 


310 


421 


421 


421 


17 48 


558 


554 


555 


370 


355 


340 


459 


458 


458 


18 48 


542 


544 


548 


315 


313 


294 


420 


420 


420 


17 49 


558 


555 


555 


360 


355 


366 


458 


457 


456 


18 49 


521 


554 


557 


280 


281 


282 


420 


420 


420 


17 50 


550 


549 


539 


370 


410 


420 


456 


455 


455 


18 50 


558 


559 


558 


274 


265 


276 


420 


420 


420 


17 51 


530 


520 


510 


375 


385 


405 


455 


455 


455 


18 51 


560 


555 


524 


290 


294 


295 


420 


420 


420 


17 52 


504 


500 


502 


424 


420 


430 


455 


455 


455 


18 52 


548 


545 


545 


302 


300 


296 


420 


420 


420 


17 53 


502 


500 


503 


440 


462 


459 


455 


455 


455 


18 53 


543 


544 


543 


285 


286 


281 


420 


420 


419 


17 54 


500 


499 


492 


455 


465 


479 


455 


455 


455 


18 54 


541 


542 


544 


275 


276 


294 


419 


419 


420 


17 55 


490 


489 


490 


473 


466 


472 


45G 


456 


456 


18 55 


544 


545 


549 


300 


298 


302 


420 


420 


421 


17 56 


492 


494 


495 


475 


470 


46S 


456 


456 


456 


18 56 


557 


563 


562 


.305 


304 


305 


421 


421 


421 


17 57 


496 


499 


500 


459 


453 


450 


456 


456 


457 


18 57 


557 


555 


554 


307 


298 


294 


421 


421 


421 


17 58 


500 


499 


495 


436 


432 


432 


457 


457 


457 


18 58 


544 


542 


542 


320 


325 


326 


421 


421 


421 


17 59 


494 


500 


499 


426 


419 


420 


457 


457 


457 


18 59 


542 


545 


538 


320 


305 


289 


420 


420 


420 



550 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



November 15, 1882. 








December 1, 1882. 






(Temperature at beginning, — 2°.2 ; at end, — 1°.5 F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 14°. 


; 16°. F.) 






Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Decliuometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 








Time. 
















z_ 


20" 


40» 


0' 


20 s 


40" 


0' 


20* 


40» 


0» 


20» 


40" 


0- 


20» 


40" 


0" 


20' 


40' 


h. m. 
19 


523 


527 


465 


296 


272 


291 


503 


501 


500 


h. m. 
20 


500 


500 


498 


368 


380 


384 


531 


530 


531 


19 1 


5L9 


520 


520 


320 


315 


305 


501 


501 


501 


20 1 


497 


495 


494 


396 


392 


392 


531 


530 


530 


19 2 


525 


522 


518 


310 


319 


320 


501 


501 


501 


20 2 


493 


492 


491 


393 


390 


396 


530 


530 


531 


19 3 


515 


514 


517 


312 


309 


313 


501 


501 


501 


20 3 


490 


488 


488 


396 


396 


397 


531 


5S1 


531 


19 4 


522 


524 


529 314 


312 


306 


501 


501 


502 


20 4 


488 


488 


488 


400 


4C0 


402 


531 


531 


531 


19 5 


532 


538 


542 


285 


270 


265 


502 


503 1 503 


20 5 


487 


487 


486 


404 


405 


406 


531 


531 


531 


19 6 


542 


544 


546 


252 


245 


240 


503 


503 j 503 


20 6 


485 


485 


485 


407 


408 


409 


532 


532 


532 


19 7 


544 


544 


543 


249 


245 


245 


503 


503 j 503 


20 7 


484 


485 


484 


410 


410 


411 


532 


532 


532 


19 8 


540 


539 


538 ! 260 


280 


299 


503 


502 1 502 


20 8 


484 


484 


484 


412 


413 


414 


532 


532 


532 


16 9 


542 


542 


544 1 311 


315 


322 


503 502 t 502 


20 9 


482 


484 


484 


414 


414 


413 


532 


532 


532 


19 10 


540 


539 


534 | 322 


320 


317 


502 502 i 502 


20 10 


484 


484 


484 


413 


412 


411 


532 


532 


532 


19 11 


528 


524 


522 309 


303 


300 


.300 499 ; 499 


20 11 


4S4 


484 


483 


411 


413 


413 


532 


532 


532 


19 12 


525 


529 


530 


288 


272 


270 


497 ! 500 


500 


20 12 


483 


483 


483 


414 


414 


416 


532 


532 


532 


19 13 


529 


532 


531 


281 


290 


292 


500 500 


500 


20 13 


483 


483 


483 


416 


417 


418 


532 


532 


532 


19 14 


533 


533 


534 


297 


309 


315 


500 | 500 


500 


20 14 


483 


483 


483 


419 


419 


419 


532 


532 


532 


19 15 


530 


526 


521 


319 


322 


339 


500 ! 500 


500 


20 15 


483 


482 


481 


419 


419 


420 


532 


532 


532 


19 16 


520 


517 


518 ! 352 


369 


371 


500 500 


500 


20 16 


481 


481 


480 


420 


420 


419 


532 


532 


532 


19 17 


516 


514 


512 | 368 


370 


383 


499 1 499 


499 


20 17 


480 


480 


480 


419 


419 


419 


532 


532 


532 


19 18 


511 


510 


508 ! 400 


396 


384 


499 499 


499 


20 18 


480 


480 


480 


418 


418 


418 


582 


532 


532 


19 19 


508 


508 


508 j 386 


399 


404 


499 499 


499 


20 19 


481 


481 


480 


418 


417 


417 


532 


532 


532 


19 20 


507 


507 


.506 398 


393 


392 


499 499 


499 


20 20 


480 


480 


481 


418 


418 


416 


532 


532 


532 


19 21 


507 


508 


510 390 


383 


309 


499 499 499 


20 21 


482 


482 


483 


416 


415 


414 


532 


532 


532 


19 22 


512 


513 


519 ! 355 


349 


343 


499 


499 


500 


20 22 


483 


484 


484 


414 


413 


411 


532 


532 


532 


19 23 


520 


522 


521 ! 331 


324 


329 


500 


500 


500 


20 23 


484 


485 


486 


409 


407 


405 


532 


532 


532 


19 24 


524 


528 


525 j 330 


322 


313 


500 


500 


500 


20 24 


487 


487 


4S8 


404 


403 


402 


532 


532 


533 


19 25 


529 


527 


529 1 312 


317 


321 


500 


500 


500 


20 25 


489 


490 


490 


401 


400 


400 


533 


533 


533 


19 26 


526 


526 


526 i 330 


342 


348 


500 


500 


500 


20 26 


492 


■193 


493 


401 


403 


404 


533 


533 


533 


19 27 


525 


526 


528 i 349 


342 


339 


500 


500 


500 


20 27 


493 


492 


491 


406 


409 


411 


533 


533 


533 


19 28 


530 


532 


534 | 339 


334 


327 


500< 


500 


500 


20 28 


490 


490 


489 


413 


414 


415 


533 


533 


533 


19 29 


534 


535 


534 j 322 


348 


359 


500 


500 


500 


20 29 


489 


489 


488 


417 


417 


416 


533 


533 


533 


19 30 


533 


532 


530 | 351 


339 


348 


500 


500 


500 


20 30 


488 


487 


487 


415 


414 


411 


533 


533 


533 


19 31 


529 


524 


520 371 


392 


399 


500 


500 


499 


20 31 


487 


488 


489 


408 


406 


406 


533 


533 


533 


19 32 


518 


514 


514 ! 411 


432 


425 


499 


499 


499 


20 32 


489 


490 


491 


404 


403 


401 


533 


533 


533 


19 33 


508 


503 


500 1 449 


444 


454 


499 


498 498 


20 33 


491 


491 


492 


401 


401 


399 


533 


533 


533 


19 34 


495 


495 


492 i 470 


466 


449 


498 


498 


498 


20 34 


492 


492 


493 


399 


399 


400 


533 


533 


533 


19 35 


490 


489 


488 ! 447 


450 


453 


498 


498 


498 


20 35 


493 


493 


493 


400 


400 


400 


533 


533 


533 


19 36 


490 


489 


491 1 459 


462 


458 


498 


498 


498 


20 36 


493 


492 


493 


401 


402 


403 


533 


533 


533 


19 37 


492 


496 


499 448 


439 


433 


498 


498 


499 


20 37 


492 


492 


492 


403 


404 


405 


532 


532 


532 


19 38 


502 


504 


506 I 408 


382 


376 


499 


499 


499 


20 38 


492 


491 


491 


405 


404 


403 


532 


532 


532 


19 39 504 


500 


498 i 392 


415 


433 


499 


499 


499 


20 39 


491 


491 


491 


404 


405 


403 


532 


532 


532 


19 40 494 


488 


486 1 452 


469 


483 


499 


499 


499 


20 40 


492 


492 


492 


401 


401 


401 


532 


532 


532 


19 41 ! 488 


491 


496 1 489 


482 


471 


499 


499 


499 


20 41 


493 


494 


494 


400 


399 


399 


532 


532 


532 


19 42 499 


504 


509 I 458 


432 


408 


500 


501 


501 


20 42 


494 


494 


494 


399 


399 


399 


532 


532 


532 


19 43 514 


513 


512 i 389 


385 


333 


502 


502 


502 


20 43 


494 


494 


491 


400 


400 


401 


532 


532 


532 


19 44 


500 


502 


495 


370 


309 


413 


502 


502 


500 


20 44 


494 


494 


494 


401 


400 


400 


532 


532 


532 


19 45 


490 


488 


482 


443 


463 


470 


500 


500 


500 


20 45 


493 


493 


.492 


401 


401 


400 


532 


532 


532 


19 46 


483 


485 


488 


463 


466 


460 


500 


500 


500 


20 46 


493 


493 


494 


399 


397 


396 


532 


532 


532 


19 47 


490 


492 


496 


443 


418 


402 


500 


500 


500 


20 47 


494 


494 


494 


393 


392 


392 


532 


532 


532 


19 48 


495 


496 


496 


400 


403 


394 


5l:0 


500 


500 


20 48 


495 


495 


495 


392 


390 


389 


532 


532 


532 


19 49 


496 


497 


493 


389 


388 


391 


500 


500 


500 


20 49 


496 


496 


496 


389 


390 


390 


532 


532 


532 


19 no 


492 


494 


495 


398 


401 


405 


500 


500 


500 


20 50 


496 


497 


498 


389 


389 


389 


532 


532 


532 


19 51 


496 


491 


489 


402 


408 


414 


500 


500 


500 


20 51 


497 


498 


498 


390 


391 


391 


532 


532 


532 


19 52 


486 


485 


486 


420 


419 


422 


499 


499 


499 


20 52 


498 


4S6 


495 


393 


395 


396 


532 


532 


532 


19 53 


488 


485 


4H7 


428 


433 


429 


499 


499 


499 


20 53 


494 


494 


494 


396 


397 


396 


532 


532 


532 


19 54 


489 


494 


493 


421 


414 


409 


500 


500 


500 


20 54 


493 


493 


494 


396 


394 


392 


532 


533 


532 


19 55 


499 


500 


503 


399 


387 


379 


500 


500 


501 


20 55 


495 


496 


497 


389 


386 


385 


532 


532 


532 


19 56 1 


502 


501 


500 


375 


378 


382 


501 


501 


501 


20 56 


498 


498 


498 


386 


386 


387 


532 


532 


532 


19 57 i 


500 


500 


502 


389 


399 


408 


501 


501 


501 


20 57 


498 


498 


497 


338 


389 


390 


532 


532 


532 


19 58 j 


502 


502 


500 


412 


415 


412 


501 


501 


501 


20 58 


492 


495 


495 


389 


390 


390 


532 


532 


532 


IS 59 


500 


499 


502 


410 


413 


415 


501 


501 


501 


20 59 


495 


495 


496 


391 


391 


391 


532 


532 


532 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



551 









December 15, 1882. 








January 2, 1883. 






(Tempeiature at beginning, 4°.2; at end, 5°.2 P.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 12°.8; at end, 


16°.8 F.) 




eclinom 


eter. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 














Time. 
















0» 


20- 


40' 


0' 


20» 


40« 


0- 


20" 


40» 


0" 


20 s 


40 s 


s 


20» 


40» 


0» 


20' 


40' 


h. <m. 
21 


519 


520 


523 


306 


305 


308 


522 


522 


522 


h. m. 
22 


485 


484 


486 


398 


388 


377 


486 


486 


486 


21 1 


522 


523 


521 


314 


320 


318 


522 


522 


522 


22 1 


488 


485 


485 


371 


366 


364 


485 


485 


485 


21 2 


520 


523 


521 


307 


305 


309 


522 


522 


522 


22 2 


483 


482 


480 


367 


378 


384 


485 


485 


485 


21 3 


524 


524 


523 


306 


300 


298 


522 


522 


522 


22 3 


480 1 481 


483 


379 


372 


366 


485 


485 


485 


21 4 


520 


519 


520 


306 


310 


302 


522 


522 


522 


22 4 


485 


484 


480 


369 


377 


375 


485 


485 


485 


21 5 


520 


518 


517 


297 


300 


304 


522 


521 


521 


22 5 


481 


481 


479 


373 


375 


377 


485 


485 


485 


21 6 


520 


516 


518 


299 


296 


303 


521 


521 


521 


22 6 


480 


479 


483 


379 


377 


371 


485 


485 


485 


21 7 


513 


517 


516 


314 


312 


307 


521 


521 


521 


22 7 


482 


483 


488 


369 


369 


360 


486 


485 


486 


21 8 


516 


518 


519 


302 


307 


311 


521 


521 


521 


22 8 


488 


487 


482 


356 


369 


390 


486 


486 


486 


21 9 


520 


•519 


520 


304 


292 


266 


522 


522 


522 


22 9 


485 


479 


484 


390 


372 


369 


486 


486 


486 


21 10 


519 


521 


522 


288 


285 


277 


522 


522 


522 


22 10 


482 


480 


482 


378 


378 


364 


486 


486 


4S6 


21 11 


522 


523 


520 


272 


281 


290 


522 


522 


522 


22 11 


480 


484 


484 


372 


367 


355. 


485 


485 


485 


21 12 


518 


518 


518 


281 


269 


272 


522 


522 


522 


22 12 


485 


485 


485 


355 


364 


366 


485 


486 


485 


21 13 


519 


520 


518 


2S9 


296 


283 


522 


522 


522 


22 13 


484 


483 


487 


357 


357 


368 


485 


485 


485 


21 14 


517 


516 


518 


271 


275 


282 


522 


522 


522 


22 14 


480 


485 


480 


373 


365 


362 


483 


486 


485 


21 15 


517 


518 


516 


281 


274 


261 


522 


522 


522 


22 15 


482 


480 


480 


363 


359 


355 


485 


485 


485 


21 16 


518 


519 


522 


252 


250 


256 


522 


522 


522 


22 16 


481 


481 


484 


351 


345 


344 


485 


486 


485 


21 17 


522 


523 


522 


252 


244 


240 


522 


522 


522 


22 17 


484 


486 


486 


350 


353 


356 


485 


485 


486 


21 18 


522 


522 


523 


244 249 


243 


522 


522 


522 


22 18 


483 


484 


481 


361 


362 


360 


486 


486 


486 


21 19 


520 


520 


520 


240 243 


245 


522 


522 


522 


22 19 


480 


483 


488 


356 


357 


358 


485 


485 


485 


21 20 


520 


516 


516 


240 | 232 


224 


522 


521 


521 


22 20 


481 


481 


486 


354 


348 


345 


485 


485 


485 


21 21 


512 


511 


510 


225 ' 222 


215 


521 


520 


520 


22 21 


483 


488 


489 


348 


346 


349 


485 


486 


486 


21 22 


512 


514 


520 


212 215 


208 


520 


520 


521 


22 22 


481 


489 


492 


351 


350 


347 


480 


486 


486 


21 23 


522 


520 


526 


198 180 


177 


521 


521 


521 


22 23 


490 


495 


490 


340 


338 


344 


486 


48U 


486 


21 24 


525 


529 


530 


177 ' 1G0 


152 ! 521 


521 


521 


22 24 


492 


497 


493 


352 


353 


350 


486 


486 


486 


21 25 


527 


532 


535 


144 136 


129 521 


521 


521 


22 25 


490 


491 


490 


350 


360 


366 


486 


486 


486 


21 26 


534 


528 


524 


122 ! 120 


129 


521 


521 


520 


22 26 


484 


482 


480 


370 


372 


372 


486 


486 


485 


21 27 


518 


524 


520 


141 152 


150 


520 


520 


520 


22 27 


481 


481 


482 


364 


360 


362 


485 


485 


485 


21 28 


518 


520 


512 


158 ! 165 


169 


520 


520 


520 


22 28 


481 


484 


479 


359 


340 


360 


485 


485 


485 


21 29 


514 


506 


502 


182 190 


174 


520 


520 


520 


22 29 


484 


479 


480 


369 


372 


363 


485 


485 


485 


21 30 


503 


500 


501 


170 1 179 


182 


520 


520 


520 


22 30 


482 


485 


477 


342 


339 


341 


485 


485 


485 


21 31 


502 


501 


504 


172 162 


160 520 


519 


519 


22 31 


486 


483 


483 


344 


354 


364 


486 


486 


486 


21 32 


508 


514 


510 


106 i 165 


157 ! 519 


519 


519 


22 32 


483 


486 


487 


353 


343 


353 


486 


486 


486 


21 33 


511 


513 


510 


•149 1 157 


164 


519 


519 


519 


22 33 


489 


488 


487 


359 


358 


353 


486 


486 


486 


21 34 


518 


514 


510 


173 166 


155 


519 


519 


519 


22 34 


489 


489 


488 


363 


379 


377 


486 


486 


486 


21 35 


521 


526 


520 


159 


170 


179 


519 520 


520 


22 35 


483 


489 


484 


371 


378 


385 


486 


486 


486 


21 3G 


518 


523 


522 


179 


170 


160 


520 > 519 


519 


22 36 


475 


475 


473 


380 


368 


362 


485 


485 


485 


21 37 


529 


522 


526 


145 


134 


136 


519 519 


519 


22 37 


471 


471 


474 


359 


961 


374 


485 


485 


485 


21 38 


527 


529 


534 


130 j 124 


108 


518 518 


518 


22 38 


472 


472 


475 


374 


352 


341 


485 


485 


485 


21 39 


537 


539 


540 


102 108 


110 


518 


518 


518 


22 39 


476 


476 


475 


348 


356 


358 


485 


485 


485 


21 40 


536 


541 


540 


112 1 107 


100 


518 


518 


518 


22 40 


472 


472 


472 


354 


364 


378 


485 


486 


486 


21 41 


539 


530 


532 


107 | 113 


121 


518 


518 


517 


22 41 


472 


468 


467 


374 


378 


384 


486 


486 


486 


21 42 


541 


532 


533 


115 102 


100 


517 


517 


517 


22 42 


466 


462 


468 


382 


373 


364 


486 


485 


486 


21 43 


530 


53') 


533 


101 107 


96 


517 517 


517 


22 43 


463 


463 


466 


38b 


375 


376 


486 


486 


486 


21 44 


532 


535 


529 


84 ! 88 


105 


517 517 


517 


22 44 


461 


464 


461 


363 


341 


379 


480 


486 


486 


21 45 


530 


525 


527 


126 j 132 


126 


517 517 


516 


22 45 


466 


4G8 


461 


392 


371 


340 


486 


486 


486 


21 46 


522 


528 


530 


129 137 


135 


516 | 516 


516 


22 46 


468 


468 


468 


344 


371 


380 


icfl 


486 


487 


21 47 


536 


533 


540 


123 132 


134 


516 1 516 


516 


22 47 


471 


469 


472 


371 


373 


385 


487 


4fc7 


487 


21 48 


537 


545 


537 • 


130 J 122 1 90 


516 j 515 


515 


22 48 


467 


465 


470 


394 


394 


385 


487 


487 


487 


21 49 


544 


539 


545 


94 72 88 


515 \ 515 


515 


22 49 


47G 


467 


407 


378 


380 


3S8 


487 


487 


487 


21 50 


542 


540 


542 


72 64 72 


515 | 515 


515 


22 50 


468 


468 


468 


379 


366 


379 


487 


487 


487 


21 51 


543 


532 


535 


80 70 ! 64 


515 j 515 


515 


22 51 


468 


468 


465 


394 


381 


370 


487 


487 


487 


21 52 


526 


540 


519 


71 


68 62 


515 514 


514 


22 52 


470 


468 


467 


385 


399 


386 


487 


487 


487 


21 53 


532 


523 


528 


55 


60 69 


514 514 


514 


22 53 


470 


468 


466 


370 


375 


391 


487 


487 


487 


21 54 


520 


519 


500 


80 


84 84 ! 514 ! 514 


513 


22 54 


467 


462 


461 


398 


390 


376 


487 


487 


487 


21 55 


510 


500 


508 


92 


100 


132 


513 i 513 


513 


22 55 


458 


464 


462 


380 


396 


398 


487 


487 


487 


21 56 


496 


500 


496 


155 


163 


179 


513 : 513 


514 


22 56 


473 


461 


464 


373 


360 


376 


487 


487 


487 


21 57 


492 


496 


489 


198 


189 


182 


515 515 


515 


22 57 


462 


465 ! 466 


375 


390 


370 


487 


488 


488 


21 58 


499 


490 


499 


179 


200 


182 


515 , 515 


515 


22 58 


468 


467 ; 467 


366 


375 


390 


488 


488 


4S8 


21 59 


490 


486 

1 


500 


164 


179 


192 


515 ! 515 


515 


22 59 


468 


469. 470 


385 


374 


374 


488 


488 


488 



552 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 





January 15, 1883. 












February 1, 1883. 


(Temperature at beginning, — 7°.2; at end, 


— 6°.8 F.) 


(Temperat 


ure at beginning 


,—9° 


2; at end,— 0°. 5 F.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifllar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 














Time. 
















0' 


20 s 


40 s 


s 


20 s 


40 s 


0» 


20' 


40 s 


0» 


20' 


40 s 


0» 


20' 


40 s 


0» 


20 s 


40' 


h. m. 
23 


470 


471 


474 


465 


467 


470 


508 


508 


508 


h.m. 



486 


486 


485 


476 


478 


481 


522 


522 


522 


23 1 


479 


475 


476 


460 


444 


449 


508 


508 


508 


1 


485 


484 


484 


485 


477 


480 


522 


522 


522 


23 2 


471 


470 


469 


472 


454 


483 


508 


508 


508 


2 


484 


484 


485 


481 


479 


477 


522 


522 


522 


23 3 


4G5 


462 


464 


487 


491 


476 


508 


508 


508 


3 


485 


485 


485 


481 


483 


484 


522 


522 


522 


23 4 


463 


459 


455 


402 


473 


490 


508 


503 


508 


4 


485 


485 


483 


485 


484 


482 


522 


522 


522 


23 5 


452 


454 


458 


489 


481 


479 


508 


508 


508 


5 


484 


483 


483 


480 


480 


482 


522 


522 522 


23 6 


460 


464 


467 


472 


451 


433 


508 


508 


508 


6 


482 


482 


481 


481 


479 


480 


522 


522 522 


23 7 


470 


471 


470 


437 


442 


440 


508 


508 


508 


7 


481 


479 


480 


478 


477 


477 


522 


522 522 


23 8 


471 


470 ! 471 


436 


439 


442 


508 


508 


508 


8 


478 


479 


478 


478 


478 


476 


522 


522 522 


23 9 


468 


468 j 466 


441 


440 


441 


508 


508 


508 


9 


478 


478 


478 


474 


477 


481 


522 


522 522 


23 10 


465 


465 i 466 


447 


450 


448 


508 


508 


508 


10 


479 


478 


478 


477 


473 


474 


522 


522 


522 


23 11 


4G6 


467 i 467 


447 


445 


444 


508 


508 


508 


11 


478 


477 


478 


478 


480 


478 


522 


522 


522 


23 12 


465 


465 465 446 


449 449 


508 


508 


508 


12 


477 


477 


476 


477 


480 


479 


522 


522 


522 


23 13 


466 


468 ! 468 


448 


443 


438 


508 


508 


508 


13 


475 


475 


475 


474 


472 


473 


522 


522 


522 


23 14 


470 


472 | 471 


433 


435 


440 


508 


509 


509 


14 


474 


474 


473 


475 


472 


470 


522 


521 


521 


23 15 


472 


471 


475 


443 


446 


445 


509 


509 


509 


15 


473 


473 


472 


471 


472 


470 


521 


521 1 521 


23 16 


474 


477 


476 


446 


447 


445 


509 


509 


509 


16 


472 


472 


472 


470 


472 


474 


521 


521 


521 


23 17 


477 


478 


477 


443 


445 


449 


509 


509 


509 


17 


471 


471 


471 


476 


474 


473 


521 


521 


521 


23 18 


477 


476 


475 


450 


450 


451 


509 


509 


509 


18 


471 


471 


472 


473 


471 


469 


521 


521 


521 


23 19 


476 


477 


475 


453 


451 


450 


509 


509 


509 


19 


472 


473 


473 


472 


477 


480 


521 


522 


522 


23 20 


472 


471 


471 


455 


461 


463 


509 


509 


509 


20 


475 


475 


476 


478 


474 


474 


522 


522 


522 


23 21 


472 


475 


476 


462 


459 


450 


509 


509 


509 


21 


475 


476 


475 


470 


477 


474 


522 


522 


522 


23 22 


478 


475 


479 


449 


453 


461 


509 


509 


509 


22 


475 


476 


476 


473 


476 


477 


522 


522 


522 


23 23 


483 


489 


486 


451 


430 


427 


509 


509 


509 


23 


475 


476 


475 


472 


468 


467 


522 


521 


521 


23 24 


486 


482 


484 


445 


465 


469 


509 


509 


509 


24 


475 


475 


475 


468 


469 


468 


521 


521 


521 


23 25 


480 


482 


476 


466 


473 


478 


509 


509 


509 


25 


476 


476 


477 


468 


469 


469 


521 


521 


521 


23 26 


478 


473 


472 


473 


461 


452 


509 


509 


509 


26 


477 


477 


477 


469 


468 


469 


521 


521 


521 


23 27 


470 


462 


453 


457 


473 


490 


509 


509 


509 


27 


477 


477 


477 


468 


466 


465 


521 


521 


521 


23 28 


450 


448 


442 


5] 5 


523 


530 


509 


509 


509 


28 


477 


478 


478 


467 


470 


470 


521 


521 


521 


23 29 


440 


435 


440 


535 


540 


532 


509 


509 


509 


29 


479 


479 


480 


469 


473 


482 


521 


521 


521 


23 30 


445 


452 


455 


521 


515 


511 


509 


509 


509 


30 


481 


481 


481 


484 


482 


481 


521 


521 


521 


23 31 


449 


440 


442 


505 


500 


490 


509 


510 


510 


31 


481 


479 


478 


483 


481 


478 


521 


521 


521 


23 32 


446 


450 


450 


487 


479 


471 


510 


5i0 


510 


32 


477 


477 


477 


479 


483 


485 


521 


521 


521 


23 33 


451 


455 


458 


469 


468 


467 


510 


510 


510 


33 


477 


477 


477 


485 


486 - 


486 


521 


521 


521 


23 34 


459 


461 


463 


465 


466 


468 


510 


510 


510 


34 


477 


477 


477 


487 


491 


493 


521 


521 


521 


23 35 


465 


467 


467 


469 


466 


462 


510 


510 


510 


35 


478 


477 


477 


491 


488 


489 


521 


521 


5zl 


23 36 


470 


473 


476 


459 


456 


448 


510 


510 


510 


36 


477 


476 


477 


489 


486 


483 


521 


521 


521 


23 37 


477 


478 


480 


442 


439 


440 


510 


510 


510 


37 


477 


477 


476 


482 


483 


484 


521 


521 


521 


23 38 


480 


481 


480 


437 


433 


436 


510 


510 


510 


38 


477 


476 


476 


484 


485 


485 


521 


521 


521 


23 39 


480 


481 


480 


439 


442 


444 


510 


510 


510 


39 


476 


477 


477 


484 


484 


484 


521 


521 


521 


• 23 40 


480 


481 


481 


449 


450 


450 


510 


510 


510 


40 


477 


476 


476 


484 


480 


477 


521 


521 


521 


23 41 


482 


481 


482 


450 


451 


450 


510 


510 


510 


41 


475 


474 


474 


480 


482 


481 


520 


520 520 


23 42 


481 


484 


489 


449 


443 


439 


510 


511 


511 


42 


473 


474 


473 


481 


483 


488 


520 


520 521 


23 43 


488 


490 


490 


438 


439 


436 


511 


511 


511 


43 


475 


474 


474 


489 


488 


487 


521 


521 521 


23 44 


491 


491 


490 


432 


430 


432 


511 


511 


511 


44 


474 


474 


474 


486 


485 


485 


521 


521 521 


23 45 


490 


491 


488 436 


439 


439 


511 


511 


511 


45 


474 


474 


474 


488 


488 


487 


521 


521 i 521 


23 46 


4yo 


491 


490 


440 


439 


439 


511 


511 


511 


46 


475 


476 


476 


484 


482 


481 


521 


521 521 


23 47 


489 


488 


487 


439 


441 


448 


511 


511 


511 


47 


476 


477 


476 


481 


483 


482 


521 


521 ; 521 


23 48 


489 


488 


489 


448 


410 


437 


511 


511 


511 


48 


475 


475 


475 


481 


481 


482 


521 


521 520 


23 49 


489 


488 


488 


438 


442 


445 


511 


511 


511 


49 


475 


475 


475 


481 


479 


479 


520 


520 


520 


23 50 


488 


488 


488 


442 


448 


442 


511 


511 


511 


50 


475 


475 


474 


482 


483 


478 


520 


520 


520 


23 51 


489 


490 


489 


441 


441 


442 


511 


511 


511 


51 


474 


474 


475 


477 


479 


478 


520 


520 


520 


23 52 


488 


487 


487 


444 


445 


445 


511 


511 


511 


52 


474 


475 


474 


473 


475 


483 


520 


520 


520 


23 53 


486 


486 


486 


448 


450 


450 


511 


511 


511 


53 


475 


475 


476 


487 


484 


481 


520 


520 


520 


23 54 


486 


485 


485 


451 


451 


450 


511 


511 


511 


54 


475 


476 


475 


482 


482 


479 


520 


520 


520 


23 55 


484 


482 


482 


452 


454 


451 


511 


511 


511 


55 


476 


476 


477 


475 


473 


473 


520 


520 


520 


23 56 


490 


486 


482 


449 


445 


449 


-511 


511 


511 


56 


477 


478 


477 


473 


471 


470 


520 


520 


520 


23 57 


483 


481 


481 


450 


450 


449 


511 


511 


511 


57 


476 


476 


476 


471 


473 


473 


520 


520 


520 


23 58 


482 


481 


481 


448 


448 


443 


511 


511 


511 


58 


476 


476 


476 


472 


472 


476 


520 


520 


520 


23 59 


482 


484 


483 


445 


449 


445 


511 


511 


511 


59 


477 


476 


477 


477 


476 


477 


520 


520 


520 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



553 



February 15, 1883. 


March 1, 1883. 






(Temperature at beginning, 4°.0; at end, 9°.8 F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 9°.2; at 


end, 12°.0 F.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


1 Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 

magnetometer. 


Time. 








Time. 












0» 


20* 


40" 


0» 


20* 


40 s 


0» 


20' 


40' 




0' 


20» 


40 s 


0" 


20- 


40' 


0» 


20' 


40 s 


h. m. 
1 


482 


481 


479 


426 


409 


404 


505 


505 


505 


h. m 
2 0' 


480 


479 


479 


515 


520 


518 


501 


501 


501 


1 1 


479 


480 


481 


406 


408 


411 


505 


505 


505 


2 1 I 482 


477 


482 


507 


498 


503 


501 


501 


501 


1 2 


481 


481 


481 


414 


422 


423 


505 


505 


505 


2 2 480 


480 


483 


513 


514 


503 


501 


501 


501 


1 3 


481 


481 


481 


424 


425 


425 


505 


505 


505 


2 3 | 480 


482 


483 


486 


473 


473 


501 


501 


501 


1 4 


481 


481 


481 


424 


424 


424 


505 


505 


505 


2 4 1 482 


481 


481 


481 


484 


478 


501 


501 


501 


1 5 


481 


481 


481 


423 


422 


422 


505 


505 


505 


2 5 j 479 


480 


479 


473 


480 


490 


501 


501 


501 


1 6 


481 


479 


478 


422 


411 


411 


505 


505 


505 


2 6 1 478 


477 


478 


492 


485 


480 


501 


501 


501 


1 7 


478 


477 


474 


412 


411 


421 


5 5 


505 


505 


2 7 ! 477 


473 


474 


486 


498 


510 


501 


501 


501 


1 8 


475 


476 


476 


424 


419 


416 


505 


505 


505 


2 8 476 


479 


478 


512 


503 


490 


502 


502 


502 


1 9 


476 


474 


470 


417 


428 


441 


505 


505 


505 


2 9 


478 


483 


483 


490 


497 


495 


502 


502 


502 


1 10 


408 


469 


465 


444 


445 


448 


505 


505 


505 


2 10 


484 


481 


483 


483 


4S2 


490 


502 


502 


502 


1 11 


472 


472 


478 


445 


430 


419 


505 


505 


505 


3 11 


482 


482 


483 


493 


485 


479 


502 


502 


502 


1 12 


479 


482 


485 j 408 


399 


389 


505 


505 


505 


2 12 


482 


483 


483 


478 


490 


508 


502 


502 


502 


1 13 


483 


486 


485 ! 391 


395 


395 


505 


505 


505 


2 13 


484 


486 


487 


523 


522 


510 


502 


503 


503 


1 14 


485 


479 


477 J 403 


423 


442 


505 


505 


505 


2 14 


487 


487 


486 


507 


513 


515 


503 


503 


503 


1 15 


474 


475 


471 


443 


443 


440 


505 


505 


505 


2 15 


486 


486 


485 


512 


512 


520 


503 


503 


503 


1 16 


475 


474 


475 


438 


440 


450 


505 


505 


505 


2 16 


486 


486 


486 


530 


535 


533 


503 


503 


503 


1 17 


476 


475 


475 


451 


450 


435 


505 


505 


505 


2 17 


485 


485 


486 


524 


521 


524 


503 


502 


502 


1 18 


474 


477 


475 


433 


432 


425 


505 


505 


505 


2 18 i 485 


485 


484 


530 


531 


525 


502 


502 


502 


1 19 


480 


478 


483 


423 


422 


416 


505 


505 


505 


2 19 j 483 


484 


481 


523 


530 


537 


502 


502 


502 


1 20 


485 


484 


480 


415 


416 


418 


5o5 


505 


505 


2 20 ! 480 


480 


480 


•543 


553 


558 


502 


502 


502 


1 21 


485 


480 


482 


418 


417 


420 


505 


505 


505 


2 21 1 478 


478 


476 


558 


556 


554 


502 


501 


501 


1 22 


482 


483 


482 


428 


428 


422 


505 


505 


505 


2 22 i 475 


474 


473 


552 


515 


542 


501 


501 


501 


1 23 


484 


484 


485 


424 


418 


40S 


505 


505 


505 


2 23 j 473 


472 


471 


545 


540 


527 


501 


501 


501 


1 24 


485 


484 


482 


403 


407 


404 


505 


505 


505 


2 24 469 


471 


470 


516 


521 


542 


501 


501 


501 


1 25 


482 


481 


482 


398 


399 


405 


504 


504 


504 


2 25 


472 


471 


468 


566 


553 


545 


501 


501 


501 


1 26 


484 


484 


485 


409 


409 


404 


504 


504 


504 


2 26 


466 


468 


470 


555 


580 


589 


501 


502 


502 


1 27 


486 


486 


486 


403 


403 


402 


504 


504 


504 


2 27 


469 


468 


469 


581 


574 


576 


502 


501 


502 


1 28 


486 


485 


485 


390 


397 


400 


504 


504 


504 


2 28 


471 


472 


473 


587 


583 


565 


502 


502 


502 


1 29 


485 


485 


485 


400 


396 


387 


504 


504 


504 


2 29 


474 


471 


473 


552 


552 


560 


502 


502 


502 


1 30 


485 


483 


485 


397 


393 


382 


504 


504 


504 


2 30 


472 


474 


470 


558 


547 


533 


502 


501 


501 


1 31 


486 


487 


485 


394 


387 


370 


504 


504 


503 


2 31 


473 


468 


475 


527 


528 


535 


501 


501 


501 


1 32 


485 


485 


482 


373 


392 


398 


503 


503 


503 


2 32 


469 


472 


467 


534 


533 


535 


501 


501 


501 


1 33 


484 


483 


488 


396 


395 


394 


503 


503 


504 


2 33 


476 


472 


468 


554 


580 


592 


501 


501 


502 


1 34 


488 


489 


4S9 


395 


391 


383 


504 


504 


504 


2 34 


467 


471 


472 


599 


601 


595 


502 


502 


502 


1 35 


486 


488 


484 


378 


382 


390 


503 


503 


503 


2 35 


474 


473 


474 


590 


592 


591 


502 


502 


502 


1 36 


483 


489 


485 


386 


386 


390 


503 


503 


503 


2 36 


473 


475 


474 


575 


5-47 


520 


502 


501 


501 


1 37 


488 


485 


487 


392 


390 


389 


503 


503 


503 


2 37 477 


478 


477 


515 


524 


534 


501 


501 


501 


1 38 


488 


489 


499 


393 


400 


387 


503 


503 


503 


2 38 477 


477 


478 


531 


525 


532 


501- 


501 


501 


1 39 


497 


498 


487 


385 


384 


390 


503 


503 


503 


2 39 ! 477 


475 


475 


548 


565 


580 


501 


501 


502 


1 40 


489 


488 


488 


408 


398 395 


503 


503 


503 


2 40 i 472 


470 


472 


588 


592 


598 


502 


502 


502 


1 41 


486 


487 


486 


385 


400 


406 


503 


503 


503 


2 41 


474 


471 


467 


600 


595 


596 


502 


502 


502 


142 


485 


485 


485 


404 


404 


405 


503 


503 


503 


2 42 


467 


463 


462 


601 


602 


498 


501 


501 


501 


1 43 


485 


485 


4S5 


411 


410 


408 


503 


503 


503 


2 43 


462 


463 


464 


601 


603 


603 


502 


502 


502 


1 44 


486 


486 


486 


409 


412 


412 


503 


503 


503 


2 44 


467 


470 


471 


606 


617 


626 


502 


503 


503 


1 45 


486 


485 


485 


412 


416 


421 


503 


503 


503 


2 45 


473 


475 


478 


626 


615 


599 


503 


503 


503 


1 46 


485 


485 


486 


421 


418 


419 


503 


503 


503 


2 46 


474 


479 


482 


593 


611 


630 


503 


503 


503 


1 47 


486 


487 


487 


424 


427 


423 


503 


503 


503 


2 47 


482 


478 


481 


632 


626 


623 


503 


503 


503 


1 48 


486 


487 


485 


420 


424 


427 


503 


503 


503 


2 48 


480 


479 


47S 


630 


636 


636 


503 


503 


503 


1 49 


486 


486 


486 


427 


428 


429 


503 


503 


503 


2 49 


480 


476 


479 


634 


641 


662 


503 


503 


503 


1 50 


486 


485 


485 


431 


434 


435 


503 


503 


503 


2 50 


477 


472 


472 


675 


675 


677 


503 


503 


503 


1 51 


485 


486 


486 


435 


435 


433 


503 


503 


503 


2 51 


473 


468 


472 


683 


679 


665 


503 


502 


502 


1 52 


485 


486 


486 


434 


436 


432 


503 


503 


503 


2 52 


472 


472 


469 


658 


645 


635 


502 


502 


502 


1 53 


487 


487 


485 


428 


428 


430 


503 


503 


503 


2 53 


472 


475 


470 


637 


644 


648 


502 


502 


502 


1 54 


488 


487 


486 


428 


424 


424 


503 


503 


503 


2 54 


471 


478 


476 


648 


649 


655 


502 


502 


502 


1 55 


486 


485 


485 


426 


424 


429 


503 


503 


503 


2 55 


473 


474 


473 


650 


631 


615 


502 


501 


501 


1 56 


487 


488 


488 


432 


428 


419 


503 


503 


503 


2 56 


478 


470 


475 


614 


620 


618 


501 


501 


501 


1 57 


490 


490 


488 


420 


424 


424 


503 


5C3 


503 


2 57 


472 


474 


473 


601 


589 


596 


501 


500 


500 


1 58 


488 


488 


488 


422 


422 


429 


503 


503 


503 


2 58 


468 


470 


468 


612 


620 


611 


500 


500 


500 


1 59 


486 


485 


482 


432 


434 


438 


503 


503 


503 


2 59 


471 


473 


468 


600 


60'3 


620 


500 


500 


500 



H. Ex. 44- 



-70 



554 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska. 



March 15, 1883. 


April 1 


1883. 






(Temper 


iture 
linorr 


at beginning, 2°. 8; at end, 8°.5F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 22°. 2 ; at end, 20°. 8 37.) 




Dec 


eter. 


Bifilai 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifllar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Timf. 








Time. 














0' 


20' 


40" 


0* 


20» 


40- 


0' 


20» 


40" 


0» 


■» 


40 s 


0' 


20" 


40' 


•©» 


20' 


40' 


h. m. 
3 


481 


483 


485 


450 


458 


461 


542 


542 


542 


h. m. 
4 


459 


457 


459 


474 


470 


468 


443 


443 


443 


3 1 


485 482 


483 


462 


464 


466 


542 


542 


542 


4 1 


460 


460 


459 


472 


478 


485 


443 


444 


444 


3 2 


480 


481 


480 


459 


456 


454 


542 


C4-J 


542 


4 2 


459 


459 


460 


489 


492 


496 


444 


444 


444 


3 3 


480 


479 


478 


456 


465 


470 


542 


542 


542 


4 3 


460 


459 


460 


501 


506 


507 


444 


444 


444 


3 4 


474 


475 


481 


464 


460 


446 


541 1 541 


541 


4 4 


459 


460 


459 


509 


509 


505 


444 


444 


444 


3 5 


473 


475 


476 


450 


478 


470 


541 


541 


541 


4 5 


459 


460 


461 


499 


498 


498 


444 


444 


444 


3 6 


475 


472 


472 


451 


438 


449 


541 


541 


540 


4 6 


461 


460 


460 


491 


486 


487 


444 


444 


444 


3 7 


472 1 470 


472 


462 


464 


450 j 541 


541 


541 


4 7 


458 


459 


458 


497 


509 


515 


444 


444 


444 


3 8 


471 478 


4?:. 448 


452 


468 i 541 


541 


541- 


4 8 


458 


457 


458 


516 


513 


507 


444 


444 


444 


3 9 


482 483 


485 | 470 


453 


432 


541 542 


541 


4 9 


459 


459 


461 


505 


504 


499 


444 


444 


444 


3 10 


485 481 


478 


432 


430 


428 


541 1 540 


540 


4 10 


464 


463 


464 


489 


482 


478 


444 


444 


444 


3 11 


477 


476 


475 


42S 


420 


418 


540 540 


540 


4 11 


463 


462 


462 


481 


488 


490 


444 


444 


444 


3 12 


475 


475 


474 


427 


433 


439 


540 ' 540 


540 


4 12 


461 


461 


461 


485 


482 


4S2 


444 


444 


444 


3 13 


476 


476 


476 


449 


450 


450 


540 541 


541 


4 13 


401 


462 


463 


483 


480 


473 i 443 


444 


444 


3 14 


476 


475 


475 


458 


460 


460 


541 


541 


541 


4 14 


464 


463 


403 


467 


464 


469 444 


443 


443 


3 15 


475 


475 


477 


460 


460 


458 


541 


540 


541 


4 15 


462 


462 


462 


474 


475 


470 443 


443 


444 


3 10 


478 


477 


478 


456 


450 


446 


541 


541 


541 


4 16 


464 


464 


404 


466 


466 


467 1 443 


443 


443 


3 17 1 475 


473 


469 


432 


424 


427 


541 


541 


541 


4 17 


465 


466 


467 


463 


455 


450 443 


443 


443 


3 18 J 464 


463 


461 


438 


450 


448 


541 


541 


541 


4 "18 


468 


467 


468 


449 


448 


447 


443 


443 


443 


3 IS 4CG 


468 


475 


475 


500 


540 


541 


542 


542 


4 19 


466 


467 


468 


446 


448 


449 


443 


443 


443 


3 20 487 


465 


482 


555 


520 


503 


543 


543 


542 


4 20 


468 


469 


470 


448 


447 


448 


443 


443 


443 


3 21 480 


477 


476 


470 


420 


400 


541 


540 


540 


4 21 


470 


470 


471 


448 


446 


443 


443 


443 


443 


3 22 


475 


475 


475 


403 


408 


417 


539 


539 


539 


4 22 


470 


471 


470 


440 


436 


431 


443 


443 


443 


3 23 


475 


475 


476 


423 


428 


435 


539 


539 


540 


4 23 


472 


472 


473 


424 


417 


413 


443 


443 


443 


3 24 


476 


475 


470 


440 


446 


452 


540 


540 


540 


4 24 


474 


474 


474 


412 


415 


420 


443 


443 


443 


3 25 


479 


478 475 


500 


502 


483 


541 


541 


540 


4 25 


473 


474 


473 


423 


426 


426 


443 


443 


443 


3 26 1 475 


477 


478 


460 


446 


448 


541 


540 


540 


4 26 


473 


472 


473 


427 


427 


429 


443 


443 


443 


3 27 ! 481 


479 


478 


453 


446 


432 


540 


540 


540 


4 27 


474 


475 


475 


428 


426 


421 


443 


443 


443 


3 28 1 476 


47G 


476 


432 


445 


460 


540 


540 


540 


4 28 


476 


475 


475 


416 


411 


409 


443 


443 


443 


3 29 ! 476 


473 


472 ' 400 


467 


452 


540 


539 


539 


4 29 


474 


473 


474 


412 


413 


415 


443 


443 


443 


3 30 1 471 


471 


471 1 462 


472 


476 


539 539 


539 


4 30 


473 


475 


474 


417 


418 


420 


443 


443 


443 


3 31 


470 


471 


472 474 


478 


484 


539 


540 


540 


4 31 


476 


476 


478 


420 


417 


413 


443 


443 


443 


3 32 


470 


471 470 ! 491 


498 


498 


540 


540 


540 


4 32 


477 


478 


477 


409 


407 


410 


443 


443 


443 


3 33 


471 


470 


469 493 


488 


488 


540 


540 


540 


4 33 


470 


475 


474 


414 


414 


414 


443 


443 


443 


3 34 


468 


470 


468 495 


499 


493 


540 


532 


535 


4 34 


474 


473 


473 


417 


421 


422 443 


443 


443 


3 35 


470 


468 


468 489 


491 


492 


535 


534 


534 


4 35 


472 


471 


470 


421 


420 


419 1 443 


443 


443 


3 36 


468 


46V 


465 492 


488 


494 


534 


534 


534 


4 36 


469 


470 


469 


422 


425 


427 1 443 


443 


443 


3 37 


464 


464 


465 I 506 


517 


522 


534 


534 


534 


4 37 


468 


469 


468 


428 


431 


436 : 443 


443 


443 


3 38 


464 465 


465 | 524 


525 


524 


534 


534 


535 


4 38 


468 


469 


468 


439 


443 


448 | 443 


443 


443 


3 39 


4C6 465 


464 523 


520 


515 


535 


534 


534 


4 39 


468 


469 


468 


450 


449 


448 


443 


443 


443 


3 40 


465 404 


466 


512 


507 


500 


535 


534 


532 


4 40 


468 


469 


469 


449 


451 


452 


443 


443 


443 


3 41 


466 1 467 


466 


495 


498 


500 


532 


532 


532 


4 41 


469 


468 


468 


448 


445 


446 


443 


443 


443 


3 42 


4G6 ' 467 466 


504 


506 


512 


532 


532 


532 


4 42 


467 


467 


465 


448 


449 


451 


443 


443 


443 


3 43 


465 ! 466 ! 466 


518 


521 


518 


532 


532 


532 


4 43 


465 


464 


463 


454 


459 


465 


443 


443 


443 


3 44 


465 


465 464 


511 


508 


512 


532 


532 


532 


4 44 


462 


463 


462 


472 


475 


479 


443 


443 


443 


3 45 


464 


466 ! 467 


519 


518 


514 


532 


532 


532 


4 45 


461 


461 


461 


482 


482 


480 


443 


443 


443 


3 46 469 


470 ! 471 


510 


511 


510 


532 


532 


532 


4 46 


461 


461 


461 


478 


479 


485 443 


443 


443 


3 47 ' 472 


472 ' 472 


506 


503 


503 


532 


532 


532 


4 47 


461 


462 


462 


492 


495 


493 ! 443 


443 


444 


3 48 | 472 


471 ! 471 


501 


498 


492 


532 


531 


531 


4 48 


462 


461 


461 


490 


490 


495 j 443 


443 


443 


3 49 i 471 


470 ! 472 485 


485 


480 


531 


531 


531 


4 49 


461 


461 


462 


500 


500 


498 i 443 


443 


443 


3 50 ! 472 


473 ' 474 479 


475 


475 


531 


530 


529 


4 50 


462 


463 


462 


494 


491 


494 443 


443 


443 


3 51 474 


475 475 


475 


475 


476 


529 


529 


529 


4 51 


464 


465 


465 


497 


495 


490 1 443 


443 


443 


3 52 


475 


475 


475 


476 


474 


472 


529 


529 


529 


4 52 


464 


463 


461 


484 


481 


479 j 443 


443 


443 


3 53 


476 


476 


476 


473 


475 


476 


529 


529 


529 


4 53 


459 


458 


457 


480 


484 


490 | 443 


443 


443 


3 54 


476 


477 


478 


474 


472 


470 


529 


529 


529 


4 54 


457 


458 


459 


495 


498 


499 443 


443 


443 


3 55 


478 


478 


478 


469 


466 


465 


529 


528 


528 


4 55 


460 


460 


460 


495 


492 


492 443 


443 


443 


3 56 


479 


479 


480 


465 


466 


464 


528 


528 


528 


4 56 


461 


460 


460 


493 


493 


490 443 


443 


443 


3 57 


480 


481 


479 


462 


458 


456 


526 


525 


525 


4 57 


459 


459 


459 


487 


487 


490 443 


443 


443 


3 58 


479 


481 


481 


454 


454 


457 


525 


525 


525 


4 58 


459 


460 


460 


494 


495 


491 i 443 


443 


443 


3 59 


481 


480 481 

i 


456 

1 


453 


455 


525 


525 


525 


4 59 


461 


460 


460 


486 


483 


482 1 443 

1 


443 


443 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Headings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska. 



555 





April IE 


, 1883 












May 1, 


1883. 








(Temperature at beginning, 20°.5; at end. 


23°.5 P.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 19°.8 ; at end, 


L9°.0 : 


P.) 

e 
eter. 




Dprlinometer Bifilar Balance 
uecunometer. magnetometer . magnetometer. 


Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balanc 

magnetom 


Time. 














Time. 






















0' 


20- 


40" 


0' 


20' 


40' j 0' 


20' 


40' 




0' 


20- 


40» 


«• 


20' 


40» 


0» 


20' 


40» 


h. m. 
5 U 


473 474 1 474 368 


371 


370 449 


449 


449 


h. m. 
6 


452 


452 


451 


577 


577 


574 


531 


531 


531 


5 1 


474 


474 ' 474 367 


366 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 1 451 


450 


451 


577 


580 


579 


531 


531 


531 


5 2 


474 


474 474 370 


368 


367 449 


449 


449 


6 2 449 


449 


449 


588 


592 


596 


531 


531 


531 


5 3 


474 


474 474 368 


369 


36!) 449 


449 


449 


6 3 448 


448 


447 


599 


601 


606 


531 


531 


531 


5 4 


474 


474 473 368 


368 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 4 , 447 


446 


446 


610 


012 


615 


531 


531 


531 


5 5 


473 


473 473 369 


369 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 5 i 446 


444 


443 


019 


625 


600 


531 


531 


531 


5 6 


473 


474 473 368 


368 


370 449 


449 


449 


6 6 ■ 442 


441 


441 i 631 


627 


623 


531 


531 


531 


5 7 


473 


473 473 371 


370 


369 449 


449 


449 


6 7 439 


439 


43S 623 


025 


625 


531 


530 


530 


5 8 


473 


473 473 369 


370 


370 ' 449 


449 


449 


6 8 440 


440 


440 i 623 


619 


615 


530 


530 


530 


5 9 


473 


473 473 370 


368 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 9 440 


440 


440 ' 612 


612 


616 


530 


530 


530 


5 10 


474 


474 474 ' 368 


369 


368 1 449 


449 


449 


6 10 443 


443 


443 I 620 


621 


623 530 


530 


530 


5 11 


474 


474 474 368 


369 


370 : 449 


449 


449 


6 11 440 


436 


435 632 


644 


650 530 


530 


530 


5 12 


474 


474 474 370 


368 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 12 435 


439 


440 644 


639 


■645 530 


530 


530 


5 13 


474 


474 ; 474 | 368 


368 


369 449 


449 


449 


6 13 439 


441 


444 I 648 


642 


613 | 530 


530 


530 


5 14 


474 


474 I 474 1 369 


369 


369 449 


449 


449 


6 14 443 


444 


440 ' 634 


042 


047 \ 530 


530 


530 


5 15 


474 


474 


474 I 369 


369 


369 449 


449 


449 


6 15 437 


437 


439 643 


031 


628 530 


530 


530 


5 10 


474 


474 


474 369 


369 


369 449 


449 


449 


6 16 439 


442 


445 ! 636 


644 


644 | 530 


530 


530 


5 17 


474 


474' 


475 1 369 


370 


370 j 449 


449 


449 


6 17 444 


448 


449 035 


629 


636 1 530 


530 


530 


5 18 


475 


475 


475 ! 36S 


368 


368 449 


449 


449 


6 18 449 


451 


450 646 


643 


620 530 


529 


529 


5 19 


475 


475 


475 


369 


369 


368 i 449 


449 


449 


6 19 451 


451 


450 611 


613 


024 529 


529 


529 


6 20 


475 


475 


475 


368 


368 


370 ! 449 


449 


449 


6 20 


450 


449 


450 ! 628 


626 


626 ! 529 


529 


529 


5 21 


475 


474 


474 


370 


371 


371 ! 449 


449 


449 


6 21 


450 


453 


452 632 


637 


635 


529 


529 


529 


5 22 


474 


474 


474 


371 


374 


375 449 


449 


449 


6 22 


454 


453 


451 628 


622 


620 


529 


529 


529 


5 23 


474 


474 


474 


374 


374 


375 449 


449 


449 


6 23 448 


446 


446 614 


611 


609 


529 


528 


528 


5 24 


474 


474 


474 


376 


376 


376 ! 449 


449 


449 


6 24 446 


444 


442 i 612 


615 


619 


528 


528 


528 


5 25 


474 


474 


474 


376 


376 


376 ' 449 


449 


449 


6 25 442 


441 


441 i 628 


635 


637 


528 


528 


528 


5 26 


474 


474 


474 


37G 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 26 444 


448 


452 630 


618 


602 


528 


528 


528 


5 27 


474 


474 


■474 


376 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 27 458 


458 


458 


595 


571 


566 


528 


528 


528 


5 28 


474 


474 


474 


37.1 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 28 454 


452 


452 


569 


580 


592 


528 


528 


528 


5 29 


474 


474 


474 


376 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 29 453 


448 


452 


602 


603 


601 


528 


528 


528 


5 30 


474 


474 


474 


377 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 30 454 


456 


456 


600 


601 


597 


528 


528 


538 


5 31 


474 


474 


474 


376 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 31 455 


454 


457 


598 


593 


597 


528 


528 


528 


5 32 


474 


474 


474 


376 


376 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 32 457 


459 


459 


594 


586 


582 


528 


528 


528 


5 33 


474 


474 


475 


376 


374 


374 


449 


449 


449 


6 33 457 


455 


453 


585 


593 


598 


528 


528 


528 


5 34 


475 


4.75 


475 


374 


374 


374 


449 


449 


449 


6 34 451 


450 


448 


596 


589 


586 


528 


528 


528 


5 35 


475 


475 


475 


373 


373 


373 


449 


449 


449 


6 35 453 


455 


459 


590 


592 


586 


528 


528 


528 


5 36 


475 


475 


475 


374 


374 


374 


449 


449 


449 


6 36 


458 


458 


454 


578 


573 


574 


528 


528 


528 


5 37 


475 


475 


475 


374 


374 


374 


449 


449 


449 


6 37 


451 


453 


458 


583 


592 


595 


528 


528 


528 


5 38 


474 


474 


474 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 38 


458 


463 


463 


591 


588 


590 


528 


528 


528 


5 39 


474 


474 


474 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 39 


469 


467 


466 


593 


591 


588 528 


528 


528 1 


5 40 


474 


474 


474 l 374 


373 


373 


449 


449 


449 


6 40 


463 


466 


465 


595 


606. 


602 528 


528 


528 ' 


5 41 


474 


474 


474 i 372 


371 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 41 


467 


468 


470 


583 


56S 


567 528 


528 


528 j 


5 42 


474 


475 


475 ] 371 


371 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 42 


469 


467 


467 


567 


559 


550 528 


528 


528 . 


5 43 


475 


475 


475 ' 371 


371 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 43 


467 


468 


466 


548 


553 


554 528 


528 


527 1 


5 44 


475 


475 


475 371 


371 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 44 


467 


467 


467 


548 


529 


533 527 


527 


527 


5 45 


475 


475 


475 ! 371 


371 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 45 


464 


462 


460 


531 


528 


526 i 527 


527 


527 


5 46 


475 


475 


475 370 


369 


369 


449 


449 


449 


6 46 


461 


459 


458 


527 


534 


544 i 527 


527 


527 


5 47 


475 


475 


474 


370 


370 


370 


449 


449 


449 


6 47 


457 


460 


462 


552 


554 


550 527 


527 


527 


5 48 


475 


475 


475 


370 


370 


371 


449 


449 


449 


6 48 


463 


464 


463 


544 


540 


539 528 


528 


528 


5 49 


475 


475 


475 


372 


372 


372 


449 


449 


449 


6 49 


461 


463 


463 


536 


529 


523 528 


528 


528 


5 50 


475 


475 


475 371 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 50 


464 


464 


465 


521 


525 


533 ! 528 


528 


528 


5 51 


475 


475 


475 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 51 


464 


466 


466 


527 


536 


532 528 


528' 


528 


5 52 


475 


475 475 


376 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 52 


463 


461 


461 


527 


524 


526 j 528 


528 


528 


5 53 


475 475 475 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 53 


461 


461 


460 


532 


533 


532 528 


528 


528 


5 54 


475 


475 


475 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 54 


459 


459 


458 


522 


510 


505 


528 


528 


5:8 


5 55 


475 


475 


475 


375 


375 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 55 


459 


457 


456 


512 


521 


518 


527 


527 


527 


5 56 


475 


475 


475 


375 


373 


373 


449 


449 


449 


6 56 


454 


453 


452 


507 


501 


507 


527 


527 


527 


5 57 


475 


475 


475 


373 


373 


373 


449 


449 


449 


6 57 


453 


451 


451 


516 


514 


504 


527 


527 


527 


5 58 


474 


474 


474 : 374 


375 


376 


449 


449 


449 


6 58 


450 


451 


452 


499 


500 


504 


527 


527 


527 


5 59 


474 


473 


473 1 376 
1 


377 


375 


449 


449 


449 


6 59 


451 


452 


451 


500 


491 


485 


527 


527 


527 



556 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 





May 15, 1883. 






June 1, 


1883. 




(Temperature at beginning, 47°.2 ; at end, 47°.2 F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 45°.5; at end, 


i8°.5 F.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifllar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifllar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 

magnetometer. 


Time. 


s 








Time. 
















20» 


40 s 


1_ 


20* 


40" 


s 


20» 


40 s 


s 


20» 


40' 


0» 


20 s 


40 s 


0» 


20 s 


40» 


h. in. 

7 


407 


468 


468 


432 


432 


429 


472 


472 


472 


h. in. 
8 


485 


488 


485 


339 


336 


340 


535 


535 


535 


7 1 


4GS 


468 


468 


427 


420 


42G 


472 


472 


472 


8 1 


488 


485 


488 


344 


347 


348 


535 


535 


535 


7 2 


46S 


408 


468 


424 


424 


424 


472 


472 


472 


8 2 


486 


487 


486 


350 


356 


356 


535 


535 


535 


7 3 


4GS 


468 


46S 


424 


425 


424 


472 


472 


472 


8 3 


488 


486 


487 


352 


350 


355 


535 


535 


535 


7 4 


467 


467 


467 


424 


426 


430 


472 


472 


472 


8 4 J 487 


487 


486 


300 


360 


355 


535 


535 


535 


7 5 


467 


468 


468 


429 


429 


428 


472 


472 


472 


8 5 i 486 


485 


485 


353 


350 


363 


535 


535 


535 


7 6 


408 


468 


468 


430 


431 


431 


472 


472 


472 


8 j 485 


485 


485 


365 


364 


361 


535 


535 


535 


7 7 


468 


468 


468 


430 


428 


428 


472 


473 


473 


8 7 ! 484 


484 


484 


360 


364 


367 


535 


535 


535 


7 8 


468 


468 


46S 


430 


429 


428 


473 


473 


473 


8 8 484 


484 


483 


368 


366 


366 


535 


535 


534 


7 


408 


468 


468 


427 


426 


426 


472 


472 


472 


8 9 483 


483 


483 


307 


369 


370 


534 


534 


534 


7 10 


468 


468 


468 


424 


422 


421 


472 


472 


472 


8 10 ! 482 


482 


482 


369 


368 369 j 534 


534 


534 


7 31 


46S 


468 


407 


422 


424 


425 


472 


472 


472 


8 11 482 


481 


482 


369 


369 1 308 ! 534 


534 


534 


7 12 


407 


467 


467 


424 


424 


423 


472 


472 


472 


8 12 


481 


481 


481 


368 


369 1 370 1 534 


534 


534 


7 13 


407 


467 


467 


423 


424 


426 


472 


472 


472 


8 13 


480 


480 


480 


309 


309 | 369 I 534 


534 


534 


7 14 


468 


467 


465 


424 


425 


425 


472 


472 


472 


8 14 


480 


479 


479 


369 


369 ; 367 ' 534 


534 


534 


7 15 


405 


405 


465 


427 


428 


429 


472 


472 


472 


8 15 


479 


479 


479 


366 


365 j 366 I 534 


534 ! 534 


7 1C 


465 


405 


465 


431 


431 


431 


472 


472 


472 


8 16 


479 


479 


479 


366 


365 ' 365 i 534 


534 , 533 


7 17 


465 


405 


465 


431 


429 


429 


472 


472 


472 


8 17 


479 


479 


479 


365 


365 1 365 533 


533 ! 533 


7 18 


405 


463 


465 


429 


429 


429 


472 


472 


472 


8 18 


479 


479 


479 


365 


365 ! 365 533 


533 ! 533 


7 19 


405 


465 


465 


429 


429 


428 


472 


472 


472 


8 19 


479 


478 


478 


365 


367 | 308 533 


533 533 


7 20 


405 


465 


465 


427 


426 


424 


472 


472 


472 


8 20 


478 


478 


478 


369 


370 1 370 


533 


533 ! 533 


7 21 


463 


465 


405 


425 


427 


427 


472 


471 


471 


8 21 


478 


478 


478 


370 


370 ! 370 


533 


533 533 


7 22 


465 


405 


405 


428 


426 


426 


471 


472 


472 


8 22 


478 


478 


478 


370 


370 1 369 


533 


533 533 


7 23 


465 


407 


467 


420 


426 


427 


471 


471 


472 


8 23 


478 


477 


478 


371 


371 


372 


533 


533 1 533 


7 24 


467 


465 


465 


427 


423 


424 


472 


471 


471 


8 24 


47S 


477 


477 


373 


374 


374 


533 


533 j 533 


7 25 


465 


465 


405 


424 


424 


426 


471 


471 


471 


8 25 


477 


477 


477 


374 


374 


375 


533 


533 j 533 


7 20 


465 


465 


405 


420 


426 


426 


471 


471 


471 


8 26 


477 


477 


477 


370 


375 


374 


533 


533 1 533 


7 27 


465 


465 


465 


426 


426 


426 


471 


471 


470 


8 27 


477 


477 


477 


373 


373 


373 


533 


533 1 533 


7 28 


465 


465 


465 


426 


428 


426 


470 


470 


470 


8 28 


477 


477 


476 


373 


373 


374 


533 


533 533 


7 29 


465 


465 


465 


426 


427 


428 


470 


470 


470 


8 29 


470 


476 


476 


374 


375 


375 


533 


533 , 533 


7 30 


465 


465 


465 


429 


428 


428 


470 


409 


469 


8 30 


476 


476 


476 


375 


375 


375 


533 


513 533 


7 31 


465 


465 


465 


428 


431 


431 


469 


469 


409 


8 31 


476 


476 


477 


375 


374 


372 


533 


533 : 533 


7 32 


465 


465 


465 


431 


431 


431 


469 


409 


409 


8 32 


477 


477 


477 


372 


372 


372 


533 


533 | 533 


7 33 


465 


465 


465 


431 


430 


430 


469 


469 


409 


8 33 


476 


477 


477 


373 


373 


373 


53; 


533 ! 533 


7 34 


465 


405 


405 


429 


429 


428 


469 


409 


469 


8 34 


477 


476 


476 


374 


374 1 376 


533 


533 ; 533 


7 35 


465 


465 


405 


426 


425 


425 


469 


469 


409 


8 35 


476 


476 


476 


377 


378 


379 


533 


533 '.532 


7 36 


405 


465 


465 


425 


425 


425 


469 


469 


469 


8 36 


476 


476 


476 


379 


378 


377 


532 


532 j 532 


7 87 


407 


465 


465 


425 


423 


423 


469 


469 


469 


8 37 


476 


476 


476 


376 


375 


374 


532 


532 532 


7 38 


405 


465 


465 


423 


424 


426 


469 


468 


468 


8 38 


476 


475 


475 


373 


371 


371 


532 


532 


532 


7 39 


465 


465 


465 


425 


424 


424 


468 


468 


468 


8 39 


475 


475 


475 


371 


371 


371 


532 


532 


532 


7 40 


465 


465 


465 


425 


425 


425 


468 


468 


468 


8 40 


475 


475 


475 


371 


372 


372 


532 


532 


532 


7 41 


465 


465 


405 


424 


423 


423 


468 


468 


468 


8 41 


475 


475 


475 


374 


374 


375 


532 


532 


532 


7 42 


465 


465 


467 


421 


423 


423 468 


468 


468 


8 42 


475 


476 


476 


375 


374 


376 


532 


532 


532 1 


7 43 


407 


407 


407 


420 


420 


421 1 468 


468 


468 


8 43 


476 


476 


476 


376 


377 


377 


532 


532 


532 


7 44 


467 


467 


467 


421 


421 


421 468 


468 


468 


8 44 


476 


476 


475 


378 


378 


377 


532 


532 


532 


7 45 


465 


465 


465 


422 


422 


423 408 


468 


468 


8 45 


475 


475 


475 


376 


377 


379 


532 


532 


532 


7 46 


467 


467 


467 


422 


422 


422 ! 468 


468 


468 


8 46 


475 


474 


474 


379 


379 


378 


532 


532 


532 


7 47 


467 


467 


467 


422 


222 


423 i 408 


468 


468 


8 47 


475 


475 


474 


379 


380 


3S0 


532 


532 


532 


7 48 


467 


467 


467 


424 


420 


420 | 40S 


4CR 


468 


8 48 


474 


474 


475 


379 


378 


379 


532 


532 


532 


7 49 


466 


466 


466 


420 


421 


421 ; 468 


40S 


468 


8 49 


474 


475 


475 


880 


382 


382 


•532 


532 


532 


7 50 


h 466 


466 


466 


421 


423 


423 ' 4CS 


408 


467 


8 50 


475 


475 


475 


382 


384 


385 


532 


532 


532 


7 51 


466 


466 


466 


423 


422 


421 ; 407 


467 


467 


8 51 


475 


474 


474 


386 


385 


385 


532 


532 


532 


7 52 


466 


466 


466 


422 


421 


421 ! 467 


407 


467 


8 52 


475 


475 


475 


385 


385 


387 


532 


532 


532 


7 53 


467 


467 


467 


420 


41.9 


418 ; 407 


467 


407 


8 53 


476 


475 


475 


388 


388 


386 


532 


532 


532 


7 54 


467 


467 


467 


418 


418 


417 ■ 467 


407 


407 


8 54 


475 


475 


475 


385 


385 


385 


532 


532 


532 


7 55 


467 


467 


467 


415 


413 


412 ! 407 


467 


407 


8 55 


475 


475 


475 


386 


383 


381 


532 


532 


532 


7 50 


467 


467 


407 


412 


413 


414 


467 


467 


467 


8 00 


■175 


475 


475 


381 


381 


382 


532 


532 


532 


7 57 


467 


467 


467 


414 


414 


414 


407 


407 


467 


8 57 


475 


474 


474 


381 


379 


378 


532 


532 


532 


7 58 


467 


467 


•467 


411 


411 


409 


467 


467 


467 


8 58 


474 


474 


474 


377 


376 


377 


532 


533 


532 


7 59 


467 


467 


407 


408 


408 


406 


467 


467 


467 


8 59 


474 


473 


473 


377 


377 


377 


532 


532 


532 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Readings of the Broolce instruments at Uglaamie, Alaska— Continued. 



557 









June 15 


1883 
















July 1, 1883. 










(Temperature at beg 


inning, 49°.0 j at end, 49°. 2 F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 53°.5; at end, 


53°.2 


F.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magiietometor. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 




















Time. 




















0» 


20» 


40 8 


0' 


20' 


40' 


0' 


20' 


40' 


0» 


20» 


40" 


0' 


20' 


40' 


0' 


20» 


40' 


h. m. 
9 


477 


477 


476 


394 


390 


386 


524 


524 


524 


h. m. 
10 


473 


469 


469 


160 


185 


182 


509 


509 


509 


9 1 


477 


476 


476 


383 


383 


386 


524 


524 


524 


10 1 


453 


441 


442 


188 


198 


245 


509 


509 


509 


9 2 


476 


476 


476 


389 


386 


380 


524 


524 


524 


10 2 


445 


445 


4S9 


264 


272 


282 


510 


510 


509 


9 3 


470 


476 


475 


380 


383 


387 


524 


524 


524 


10 3 


418 


417 


415 


279 


278 


305 


509 


509 


509 


9 4 


476 


476 


476 


387 


385 


385 


524 


'524 


524 


10 4 


432 


450 


447 


353 


369 


310 


510 


510 


509 


9 5 


477 


477 


477 


388 


390 


390 


524 


524 


524 


10 5 


452 


428 


420 


207 


128 


180 


508 


507 


506 


9 G 


477 


477 


476 


388 


387 


387 


524 


524 


524 


10 G 


416 


394 


405 


295 


328 


305 


507 


507 


509 


9 7 


476 


476 


476 


387 


386 


384 


524 


524 


524 


10 7 


418 


414 


433 


325 


382 


391 


510 


510 


509 


9 8 


476 


476 


475 


384 


384 


385 


524 


524 


524 


10 8 


438 


468 


447 


307 


175 


67 


508 


508 


500 


9 9 


475 


475 


475 


386 


386 


380 


524 


524 


524 


10 9 


465 


447 


468 


5 


110 


142 


506 


506 


507 


9 10 


475 


475 


474 


388 


390 


391 


524 


524 


524 


10 10 


461 


453 


462 


143 


147 


194 


508 


508 


509 


9 11 


474 


474 


474 


393 


394 


395 


524 


524 


524 


10 11 


460 


457 


466 


257 


249 


196 


509 


510 


510 


9 12 


474 


474 


474 


397 


399 


400 


524 


524 


524 


10 12 


458 


454 


467 


175 


204 


255 


510 


509 


509 


9 13 


474 


474 


475 


400 


401 


402 


524 


524 


524 


10 13 


466 


482 


482 


274 


218 


137 


509 


509 


508 


9 14 


475 


475 


476 


402 


402 


401 


524 


524 


524 


10 14 


483 


478 


474 


103 


140 


198 


508 


508 


508 


9 15 


476 


476 


476 


401 


400 


400 


524 


524 


524 


10 15 


471 


480 


466 


189 


141 


112 


508 


508 


508 


9 1G 


476 


477 


477 


400 


400 


400 


524 


524 


524 


10 16 


457 


454 


449 


154 


232 


301 


508 


509 


510 


9 17 


477 


477 


477 


393 


399 


400 


524 


524 


524 


10 17 


445 


452 


460 


295 


266 


262 


510 


510 


511 


9 18 


477 


477 


476 


400 


399 


399 


524 


524 


524 


10 18 


454 


459 


458 


271 


261 


255 


510 


511 


511 


9 19 


476 


476 


476 


398 


399 


399 


524 


524 


524 


10 19 


462 


465 


467 


257 


278 


270 


511 


511 


511 


9 20 


476 


476 


475 


398 


395 


395 


524 


524 


524 


10 20 


402 


459 


455 


226 


225 


275 


511 


511 


511 


9 21 


476 


476 


476 


306 


396 


395 


524 


524 


524 


10 21 


452 


454 


451 


327 


342 


320 


511 


512 


512 


9 22 


475 


476 


476 


394 


395 


396 


524 


524 


524 


10 22 


455 


460 


468 


304 


317 


336 


512 


512 


513 


9 23 


476 


476 


475 


396 


394 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 23 


478 


484 


487 


341 


325 


314 


513 


513 


514 


9 24 


475 


475 


475 


393 


393 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 24 


493 


492 


403 


315 


315 


307 


513 


513 


513 


9 25 


475 


475 


474 


392 


392 


392 


524 


524 


524 


10 25 


487 


486 


484 


296 


292 


293 


513 


512 


512 


9 26 


474 


474 


474 


302 


393 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 26 


483 


484 


479 


297 


300 


293 


512 


512 


511 


9 27 


474 


474 


474 


394 


394 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 27 


478 


473 


468 


294 


302 


302 


511 


511 


511 


9 28 


474 


474 


474 


395 


396 


398 


524 


524 


524 


10 28 


462 


459 


452 


292 


284 


304 


510 


510 


510 


9 29 


474 


474 


474 


398 


398 


398 


524 


524 


524 


10 29 


451 


448 


454 


347 


379 


390 


511 


512 


512 


9 30 


474 


474 


474 


399 


399 


399 


524 


524 


524 


10 30 


458 


457 


458 


360 


336 


318 


512 


512 


512 


9 31 


474 


474 


475 


398 


398 


397 


524 


524 


524 


10 31 


457 


460 


458 


322 


332 


317 


512 


512 


511 


9 32 


475 


475 


475 


396 


396 


396 


524 


524 


524 


10 32 


458 


468 


464 


282 


264 


276 


511 


511 


511 


9 33 


475 


474 


475 


396 


395 


395 


524 


524 


524 


10 33 


464 


455 


464 


293 


280 


245 


511 


511 


510 


9' 34 


475 


475 


475 


394 


394 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 34 


457 


455 


448 


220 


231 


264 


510 


510 


510 


9 35 


475 


475 


475 


392 


392 


392 


524 


524 


524 


10 35 


453 


442 


444 


2RJ 


274 


256 


511 


511 


511 


9 36 


475 


475 


476 


393 


393 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 36 


432 


442 


448 


255 


261 


243 


510 


511 


511 


9 37 


476 


47G 


476 


394 


393 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 37 


447 


449 


454 


206 


192 


216 


511 


511 


512 


9 38 


476 


476 


476 


394 


393 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 38 


449 


455 


448 


209 


188 


168 


512 


512 


512 


9 39 


476 


476 


476 


393 


393 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 39 


452 


442 


440 


158 


154 


186 


512 


512 


512 


9 40 


476 


476 


477 


394 


394 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 40 


436 


435 


438 


245 


258 


244 


513 


513 


513 


9 41 


477 


477 


477 


394 


394 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 41 


442 


438 


429 


245 


217 


249 


513 


513 


513 


9 42 


477 


476 


476 


393 


394 


394 


524 


524 


524 


10 42 


428 


445 


427 


267 


261 


224 


513 


513 


513 


9 43 


477 


477 


477 


394 


394 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 43 


416 


420 


418 


222 


280 


340 


513 


513 


513 


9 44 


477 


477 


477 


392 


392 


392 


524 


524 


524 


10 44 


419 


418 


416 


344 


304 


286 


514 


514 


514 


9 45 


477 


477 


477 


392 


392 


393 


524 


524 


524 


10 45 


415 


417 


415 


320 


351 


334 


514 


515 


515 


9 4G 


476 


476 


476 


394 


395 


396 


524 


524 


524 


10 46 


41G 


415 


412 


296 


293 


311 


515 


515 


515 


9 47 


476 


476 


476 


397 


398 


398 


524 


524 


524 


10 47 


414 


416 


422 


323 


314 


290 


515 


515 


515 


9 48 


476 


476 


47C 


400 


400 


401 


524 


524 


524 


10 48 


426 


426 


428 


282 


307 


330 


516 


516 


516 


9 49 


476 


476 


476 


402 


402 


403 


524 


524 


524 


10 49 


435 


436 


430 


315 


258 


231 


516 


516 


510 


9 50 


476 


476 


47G 


403 


403 


403 


524 


524 


524 


10 50 


434 


430 


432 


256 


290 


278 


516 


510 


516 


9 51 


476 


475 


475 


404 


404 


404 


524 


524 


524 


10 51 


426 


430 


427 


242 


229 


240 


516 


516 


516 


9 52 


475 


475 


475 


404 


404 


404 


524 


524 


524 


10 52 


428 


422 


426 


269 


285 


286 


510 


516 


516 


9 53 


474 


474 


474 


405 


405 


405 


524 


524 


524 


10 53 


421 


417 


414 


282 


290 


312 


510 


517 


517 


9 54 


474 


474 


474 


405 


406 


406 


524 


524 


524 


10 54 


415 


414 


416 


329 


331 


329 


517 


517 


518 


9 55 


474 


474 


474 


406 


406 


406 


524 


524 


524 


10 55 


415 


414 


413 


341 


367 


386 


518 


518 


519 


9 56 


474 


474 


474 


406 


405 


405 


524 


524 


524 


10 50 


416 


419 


421 


388 


377 


371 


519 


519 


519 


9 57 


474 


474 


474 


405 


405 


405 


524 


524 


524 


10 57 


422 


423 


425 


376 


382 


379 


519 


520 


5'0 


9 58 


474 


474 


474 


405 


405 


406 


524 


524 


524 


10 58 


426 


429 


432 


374 


368 


364 


520 


520 


520 


9 59 


474 


474 


474 


406 


406 


406 


524 


524 


524 


10 59 


434 


427 


432 


364 


369 


374 


520 


620 


520 



558 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 

Beadings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamiie, AlasTca — Continued. 





July 


15, 18S3. August 1, 1883. 




(Temperature at beginning, 51°.2 ; at end, 53°.2 F.) 


(Temperature at beginning, 48°. 2 ; at end, 


18°.8 F.) 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
m agnetometer. 




Declinometer. 


Bifilar 

magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 












Time. 












5 


20' 


4 ' 


0' 


20' 


40' 


0' 


20" 


40- 


0» 


20< 


40' 


0' 


20" 


40« 


0- 


20" 


40' 


h. m. 
11 


475 


474 


475 


414 


418 


428 


545 


545 


545 


h. m. 
12 


384 


386 


387 


570 


545 


525 


551 


550 


550 


11 1 


476 


476 


477 


432 


426 


418 


545 


545 


545 


12 1 


382 


386 


387 


512 


495 


462 


550 


548 


548 


11 2 


477 


478 


478 


417 


424 


429 


546 


546 


546 


12 2 


386 


386 


390 


442 


429 


424 


548 


547 


547 


11 3 


479 


479 


479 


426 


422 


425 


546 


546 


546 


12 3 


392 


393 


395 


409 


394 '• 386 


547 


547 


547 


11 4 


479 


479 


479 


430 


433 


432 


546 


546 


546 


12 4 


394 


396 


392 


390 


393 


384 


546 


546 


546 


11 5 


479 


480 


481 


431 


431 


434 


546 


546 


546 


12 5 


390 


390 


392 


370 


358 


361 


546 


546 


546 


11 6 


481 


482 


483 


438 


437 


435 


546 


546 


546 


12 6 


389 


387 


390 


379 


390 


389 


546 


546 


546 


11 7 


483 


484 


483 


435 


436 


436 546 


546 


546 


12 7 


382 


373 


371 


386 


394 


402 


546 


546 


546 


11 8 


483 


482 


481 


■434 


429 


428 1 546 


546 


546 


12 8 


365 


361 


362 


400 


387 


369 


545 


545 


545 


11 9 


481 


480 


480 


430 


431 


431 546 


546 


545 


12 9 


364 


369 


373 


356 


375 


405 


545 


545 


546 


11 10 


479 


478 


478 


430 


430 


430 


545 


545 


546 


12 10 


380 


386 


392 


431 


445 


450 


547 


548 


548 


11 11 


477 


477 


477 


429 


428 


426 


545 


545 


545 


12 11 


398 


402 


406 


451 


460 


459 


548 


549 


549 


11 12 


476 


476 


477 


426 


425 


424 


545 


545 


545 


12 12 


410 


412 


415 


444 


431 


433 


549 


549 


549 


11 13 


477 


477 


477 


425 


429 


432 


545 


545 


545 


12 13 


418 


420 


422 


442 


446 


440 


549 


549 


549 


11 14 


476 


476 


475 


434 


433 


432 


545 


545 


545 


12 14 


424 


425 


424 


432 


429 


430 


549 


549 


549 


11 15 


475 


474 


473 


433 


432 


431 


545 


545 


545 


12 15 


424 


427 


429 


430 


428 


424 


549 


549 


549 


11 16 


472 


472 


471 


430 


430 


430 


545 


545 


545 


.12 16 


432 


434 


436 


424 


426 


430 


549 


549 


549 


11 17 


471 


471 


471 


430 


430 


428 


545 


544 


545 


12 17 


439 


444 


448 


427 


425 


427 


549 


549 


549 


11 18 


470 


470 


470 


427 


426 


426 


545 


545 


545 


32 18 


455 


461 


465 


420 


397 


365 ! 549 


550 


550 


11 19 


469 


469 


469 


425 


425 


425 


544 


544 


544 


12 19 


470 


473 


475 


347 


337 


326 i 549 


549 


549 


11 20 


469 


469 


469 


425 


426 


426 


544 


544 


544 


12 20 


476 


475 


475 


312 


300 


294 ! 549 


549 


549 


11 21 


469 


469 


469 


427 


429 


430 


544 


544 


544 


12 21 


475 


475 


475 


286 


277 


267 : 549 


549 


549 


11 22 


469 


469 


469 


431 


431 


431 


545 


545 


545 


12 22 


475 


474 


475 


261 


259 


258 : 549 


549 i 549 


11 23 


468 


468 


468 


431 


432 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 23 


476 


477 


479 


251 


241 


231 519 


549 


549 


11 24 


468 


468 


468 


431 


431 


430 


544 


542 


543 


12 24 


478 


476 


475 


229 


231 


236 ' 549 


549 


549 


11 25 


468 


468 


467 


430 


431 


430 


543 


544 


544 


12 25 


471 


469 


467 


247 


260 


278 549 


549 


549 


11 20 


467 


467 


467 


430 


430 


430 


544 


544 


544 


12 26 


466 


462 


461 


298 


315 


329 549 


549 


550 


11 27 


468 


468 


468 


431 


431 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 27 


456 


454 


451 345 


360 


377 550 


550 


550 


11 28 


468 


468 


469 


431 


431 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 28 


450 


449 


449 


385 


385 


386 550 


550 


550 


11 29 


469 


469 


469 


431 


431 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 29 


448 


446 


442 


392 


403 


415 550 


551 


551 


11 30 


470 


470 


470 


432 


432 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 30 


440 


437 


436 


421 


426 


430 551 


551 


551 


11 31 


470 


470 


471 


431 


431 


431 


544 


544 


544 


12 31 


434 


434 


434 


435 


442 


452 551 


551 


551 


11 32 


471 


471 


471 


430 


430 


429 


544 


544 


544 


12 32 


437 


437 


440 


455 


458 


462 ! 552 


552 


552 


11 33 


471 


471 


471 


429 


428 


428 


544 


544 


544 


12 33 


441 i 443 


412 


471 


482 


488 . 552 


553 


553 


11 34 


471 


471 


471 


428 


427 


427 


544 


544 


544 


12 34 


442 441 


438 


495 


502 


510 553 


554 


554 


11 35 


471 


471 


471 


427 


428 


427 


544 


544 


544 


12 35 


432 ! 428 


425 


521 


529 


530 554 


553 


553 


11 36 


471 


471 


471 


427 


426 


427 


544 


544 


544 


12 36 


420 i 416 


412 


526 


526 


535 I 553 


553 


553 


11 37 


471 


471 


471 


427 


427 


426 


544 


544 


544 


15 37 


408 


403 


400 


544 


544 


542 553 


553 


553 


11 38 


471 


471 


471 


425 


425 


425 


544 


544 


544 


12 38 


400 


401 


404 


545 


548 


545 


553 


553 


553 


11 39 


471 


471 


471 


425 


424 


424 


544 


544 


544 


12 39 


406 


409 


410 


540 


546 


558 


554 


554 


554 


11 40 


471 


472 


472 


423 


422 


421 


544 


544 


444 


12 40 


414 


414 


415 


566 


567 


564 


554 


554 


554 


11 41 


472 


472 


472 


420 


419 


419 


544 


544 


544 


12 41 


417 


419 


422 


566 


561 


574 


554 


554 


554 


11 42 


472 


472 


472 


418 


416 


414 


544 


544 


544 


12 42 


426 


430 


436 


570 


562 


556 


554 


554 


554 


11 43 


472 


473 


473 


413 


413 


413 


544 


544 


544 


12 43 


440 


442 


444 


553 


552 


519 


554 


554 


554 


11 44 


473 


473 


473 


412 


411 


411 


544 


544 


544 


12 44 


446 


448 


450 


542 


535 


529 


553 


553 


553 


11 45 


473 


472 


472 


411 


411 


411 


544 


544 


544 


12 45 


451 


454 


454 


522 


515 


510 


553 


553 


552 


11 46 


472 


472 


472 


411 


412 


412 


544 


544 


544 


12 46 


454 


455 


456 


506 


504 


504 


552 


552 


552 


11 47 


472 


472 


471 


413 


414 


415 


544 


544 


544 


12 47 


456 


457 


457 


511 


520 


528 


552 


552 


552 


11 48 


471 


471 


471 


415 


415 


416 


544 


544 


544 


12 48 


456 


455 


454 


527 


521 


517 


552 


551 


551 


11 49 


471 


471 


471 


417 


417 


417 


544 


544 


544 


12 49 


454 


450 


449 


521 


526 


524 


551 


551 


550 


11 50 ' 


471 


471 


471 


418 


418 


419 


544 


544 


544 


12 50 


449 


451 


454 


516 


514 


519 


550 


550 


550 


11 51 


471 


471 


471 


419 


419 


420 


544 


544 


544 


12 51 


455 


455 


456 


529 


531 


524 


550 


550 


550 


11 52 


471 


471 


471 


420 


420 


420 


544 


544 


544 


12 52 


455 


455 


455 


511 


503 


506 


550 


550 


550 


11 53 


471 


472 


472 


420 


420 


419 


543 


543 


543 


12 53 


458 


459 


459 


510 


507 


504 


550 


550 


550 


11 54 


472 


472 


472 


419 


419 


419 


543 


543 


543 


la 54 


459 


460 


457 


509 


520 


521 


550 


550 


550 


11 55 


472 


472 


472 


418 


418 


418 


543 


543 


543 


12 55 


456 


452 


451 


522 


527 


539 


550 


550 


550 


11 56 


473 


473 


473 


418 


417 


417 


543 


543 


543 


12 56 


450 


449 


449 


550 


552 


552 


550 


550 


549 


11 57 


472 


472 


472 


416 


416 


415 


543 


543 


513 


12 57 


447 


446 


443 


544 


544 


546 


549 


549 


549 


11 58 


472 


472 


472 


414 


413 


413 


543 


543 


543 


12 58 


442 


440 


441 


549 


554 


557 


549 


549 


549 


11 59 


472 


473 


473 


412 


412 


411 


543 


543 


543 


12 59 


442 


445 


446 


559 


556 


552 


549 


549 


549 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 
Readings of the Brooke instruments at Uglaamie, Alaslco — Continued. 



559 







August 15, 1883. 


(Temperature at beginning, 50 Q .O; at end, 50°. 8 


F.) 




Declinom 


-t<-r. 


BinlM' 
magnetometer. 


Balance 
magnetometer. 


Time. 














0- 


20 s 


40' 


°" 


24)* 


40» 


0- I 20= 


40» 


h. in. 

13 | 470 


470 


470 


750 


800 


830 


549 549 


549 


13 1 1 470 


470 


472 


740 


730 


750 


549 


549 


549 


13 2 j 472 


473 


473 


782 


770 


743 


549 


549 


549 


13 3 474 


475 


476 


745 


705 


772 


549 


548 


548 


13 4 ! 475 


476 


475 


750 


743 


755 


548 


548 


548 


13 5 476 


475 


476 


705 


760 


750 


548 


548 


548 


13 6 476 


476 


476 


752 


761 


702 


548 


548 


548 


13 7 476 


475 


475 


755 


753 


758 


548 


518 


548 


13 8 475 


474 


473 


701 


757 


754 


548 


548 


548 


13 9 473 


472 


472 


756 


757 


755 


548 


548 


548 


13 10 


471 


470 


470 


751 


750 


751 


548 


548 


548 


13 11 


470 


470 


471 


752 


751 


750 


548 


548 


548 


13 12 


471 


472 


472 


750 


751 


748 


548 


548 


548 


13 13 


473 


473 


474 


747 


746 


747 


548 


548 


548 


13 14 


474 


473 


474 


746 


744 


745 


548 


548 


548 


13 15 


474 


475 


475 


746 


747 


747 


548 


548 


547 


13 16 


475 


475 


474 


747 


747 


747 


547 


547 


547 


13 17 


474 


474 


474 


747 


748 


748 


547 


547 


547 


13 18 


473 


473 


473 


748 


747 


746 


547 


547 


547 


13 19 


473 


473 


473 


746 


745 


743 


547 


547 


547 


13 20 


473 


473 


474 


743 


742 


742 


547 


547 


547 


13 21 


474 


474 


474 


741 


741 


740 


547 


547 


547 


13 22 


473 


473 


473 


740 


739 


739 


547 


547 


547 


13 23 


473 


473 


473 


739 


738 


737 


547 


547 


547 


13 24 


474 


474 


474 


737 


737 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 25 


475 


475 


475 


734 


734 


735 


547 


547 


547 


13 26 


476 


476 


476 


736 


735 


734 


547 


547 


547 


13 27 


476 


476 


475 


735 


735 


735 


547 


547 


547 


13 28 


475 


474 


474 


734 


735 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 29 


474 


474 


473 


736 


736 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 30 


473 


473 


473 


736 


737 


737 


547 


547 


547 


13 31 


474 


474 


474 


737 


736 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 32 


474 


474 


475 


736 


735 


735 


547. 


547 


547 


13 33 


475 


475 


475 


735 


735 


735 


547 


547 


547 


13 34 


475 


476 


476 


735 


734 


734 


547 


547 


547 


13 35 


477 


478 


478 


734 


733 


733 


547 


547 


547 


13 36 


478 


478 


478 


733 


733 


734 


547 


547 


547 


13 37 


478 


478 


478 


735 


735 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 38 


479 


479 


479 


736 


736 


737 


547 


547 


547 


13 39 


479 


479 


479 


737 


736 


736 


547 


547 


547 


13 40 


479 


480 


480 


736 


735 


735 


547 


547 


547 


13 41 


480 


480 


480 


735 


735 


735 


547 


547 


547 


13 42 


481 


481 


481 


734 


734 


734 


547 


547 


547 


13 43 


481 


481 


481 


735 


735 


734 


547 


547 


547 


13 44 


481 


481 


481 


734 


734 


733 


547 


547 


547 


13 45 


481 


481 


481 


733 


733 


735 


547 


547 


457 


13 46 


481 


481 


481 


737 


737 


737 


547 


547 


548 


13 47 


481 


481 


481 


737 


737 


737 


548 


548 


548 


13 48 


481 


482 


482 


737 


738 


738 


548 


548 


548 


13 49 


4S2 


482 


482 


738 


737 


736 


548 


548 


548 


13 50 


482 


483 


482 


737 


736 


736 


547 


548 


548 


13 51 


482 


482 


483 


735 


734 


734 


548 


548 


547 


13 52 


483 


483 


484 


734 


733. 


732 


547 


547 


547 


13 53 


484 


484 


484 


732 


732 


731 


548 


548 


548 


13 54 


484 


4S4 


483 


731 


731 


731 


548 


548 


548 


13 55 


483 


483 


483 


731 


731 


731 


548 


548 


548 


13 56 


483 


484 


484 


732 


732 


732 


548 


548 


548 


13 57 


484 


48 i 


484 


731 


732 


733 


548 


547 


5l7 


13 53 


484 


484 


484 


731 


729 


729 


547 


547 


547 


13 59 
l 


483 


483 


483. 


734 


736 


733 


547 


547 


547 



560 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABKOW, ALASKA. 



APPENDIX No. 1. 

BECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT THE UNITED STATES FOLAR 
STATION, UCLAAMIE, FOINT BABBOW, ALASKA, IN 1881-'82-'83, IN CONNECTION WITH MAGNETIC 
WOBK. 

[Computation by J. G. Porter, January 12, 1884. A. C. Dark, observer.] 



[November 16, 1881. Altitudes of Jupiter. 
Stackpole theodolite. Chronometer, Bond 
235 (sidereal).] 



Time. 
10° 44™ 42* 

48 28.5 
11 05 50 .5 
14 20 

10 58 22 



Altitude. 
D = 2S° 18'.3 

30.0 
11= 31 01.7 

30.5 



^Refraction = 



29 



2= 60 
= 71 
8= 16 



50.1 
-1.7 

rTo 

17.7 
45.3 



2s = 148° 14'. 6 



s— 6 = 
s — z = 



sin (s — 0) = 

sin (s — S) = 

sec (s — z) = 

sec s = 



07.3 
49.6 
22 
: 55.7 

8. CS29 

9. 9254 
0. 0130 
0. 5628 



tan 2 i« = 

t = 

43° 10' = 



Sid. t, = 
Ch. t.= 



9. 1941 
43° 10' 
2° 52™40» 
3 14 06 

21 26 
10 58 22 



AT= — 10 
or ' + 1 



[November 28, 1881. Equal altitudes of 
Jupiter. Stackpole theodolite. Chronom- 
eter, Negus 544. ] 

Before culmination. After culmination. 
8° 10°- 46 s 9° 14'° 12'.5 

16 32.5 08 26 

19 53 .5 05 05 

24 23 .5 00 35 

30 00 8 54 58.5 

Chron. time of culmination. 8 h 42 m 29 9 

a= 3 07 41 
Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time . . 8 26 08 
Sidereal time of noon 16 30 56 

Sidereal interval 15 55 12 

Sidereal into solar —2 37 

Mean t ime interval 15 52 35 

Long, from Washington 6 18 27 

Local mean time 10 34 08 

Chronometer 8 42 29 

Ar=+1 51 39 



[November 30, 1881. Equal altitudes of Sat- 
urn. Stackpole theodolite. Chronometer, 
Negus 544.] 

Before culmination. After culmination. 
7° 49°> 48'. 5 8° 01™ 40».5 

52 19 .5 7 59 09 .5 

53 09 .5 58 19 .5 
55 01.5 56 27.5 

Chron. time of culmination. 7° 55 m 44'.5 

a= 2 2L 05 
Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time.. 7 39 32 
Sidereal time of noon 16 38 49 

Sidereal interval 15 00 43 

Sidereal into solar — 2 28 

Mean time interval 14 58 15 

Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Local mean time 9 39 38 

Chronometer 7 55 44 

A7/=+l 44 04 



[January 24, 1882. Equal altitudes of Mars. 
Stackpole theodolite. Chronometer, 
Fletcher 1713.] 



Before culmination. 
7° 21™ 21 s 
21 
22 
23 
'23 



58.5 
33 .3 
0G.4 
42.5 



After culmination. 
7° 33™ 17 s 
32 43 .5 
32 10 
31 36.5 
31 01 



Chron. time of culmination. 



7° 27™21» 



a= 5 48 26 

Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time.. 11 06 53 

Sidereal time of noon 20 15 40 

Sidereal interval 14 51 13 

Sidereal into solar — 2 26 

Mean time interval 14 48 47 

Long, from W ashington 5 18 27 

Local mean time 9 30 20 

Chronometer 7 27 21 

AIF=+2 02 59 



[February 4, 1882. Equal altitudes of Mars. 
Stackpole theodolite. Chronometer, 
Fletcher 1713.] 



Before culmination. 
6° 33™ 30' 
34 03 

34 36 

35 09 
35 42 



After culmination. 
6" 53™41'.5 
53 08 
52 35 
52 02 
51 28.5 



Chron. time of culmination. 



43° 35 8 .5 



a= 5 46 34.5 

Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time . . 11 05 01 .5 

Sidereal time of noon 20 59 02 

Sidereal interval 14 05 59.5 

Sidereal into solar — 2 18.5 

Mean time interval 14 03 41 

Long, from Washington 5. 18 27 

Local mean time 8 45 14 

Chronometer 6 43 35.5 

AT=+2 01 38.5 



[February 10, 1882. Equal altitudes of 
a Orionis. Stackpole theodolite. Chro- 
nometer, Hutton 312 (sidereal).] 



Before culmination. 
15° 57™23» 

57 54 

58 25 

58 56 

59 27 



After culmination. 
16° 20™ 30" 
19 57 
19 26.5 
18 56 
18 23 



Chron. time of culmination. 16° 08™ 56« 
a= 5 48 49 



AT— — 10 20 07 
or -f- 1 39 53 



[February 21, 1882. Equal altitudes of 
e Orionis. Stackpole theodolite. Chro- 
nometer, Hutton 312 (sidereal).] 



Before culmination. 
15" 44™ 22 s 

44 50 

45 23 .5 

45 55 

46 25 



After culmination. 
16° 03°> ]9».5 
02 44 
02 11 .5 
01 36 
00 59 



Chron. time of culmination. 



15° 53™ 47 s 
a= 5 30 16 

AT=— 10 23 31 
or +1 36 29 



[March 2, 1882. Equal altitudes of Mars. 
Stackpole theodolite. Chronometer, Hut- 
ton 312 (sidereal).] 



Before culmination. 
16° 10™ 01 s 

10 36 

11 10 

11 42.5 

12 19 



After culmination. 
16° 48™ 41» 
48 06 .5 
47 34 
46 59.5 
46 23 



Chron. time of culmination. 



16° 29™ 21» 

6 06 00 

AT=— 10 23 21 

or + 1 36 39 



[March 11, 1882. Equal altitudes of Canis 
Minoris. Stackpole theodolite. Chronom- 
eter, Fletcher 1713.] 



Before culmination. 
5° 56™ 05 s . 5 

56 37 .5 

57 09 

57 39.5 

58 09 .5 



After culmination. 
6° 06° 58' 
06 27.5 
05 57 .5 
05 26 
04 56 



Chron. time of culmination. 



6° 01™ 33' 



a= 7 20 44 

Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time... 12 39 11 

Sidereal time of noon 23 17 01 

Sidereal interval 13 22 10 

Sidereal into solar — 2 11 

Mean time interval 13 19 59 

Long, from Washington 5 18 27 

Localmean time 8 01 32 

Chronometer 6 01 33 

AT= +1 59 59 



[March 30, 1882. Equal altitudes of Sun. 
Chevallier sextant. Chronometer. Negus 
544.] 



Before culmination. 
9° 57™ 40' 
10 01 01 .5 
04 23 .5 



After culmination. 
11° 10™ 55» 
07 31 .5 
04 07 



Correction for AS. 



Chron. timo of culmination. 
Mean timo of culmination . . 



10° 34™ 16' 
—42 



10 33 34 
12 04 23 



Ar=+1 30 49 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 561 

RECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS— Continued. 



[April 11, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Cheval- 
Her sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Double altitudes. 
£2 42° 25' 
20 
15 
10 
05 
00 



Tim e. 

I* 32">37'.5 

33 16 

33 49.5 

34 35 

35 12 
35 35.5 



1 


37 


25 




38 


13 




38 


39.5 




39 


30 .5 




40 


08.5 


1 


34 


11 




38 


47 


Mean 1 


36 


29 


Ou arc 


31' 


00" 


Off arc 


33 


00 



42 55 
50 
45 
40 
35 



[April 17, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Cheval- 
lier sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
h 38" Of 

38 55 

39 31 

40 45 

41 38.5 

42 38 



Double altitudes. 
£> 53° 21' 
24.5 
28.8 
35.0 
40.0 
45.0 



Mean 8 40 15 



42 12 .5 
42 45 



e 42 28 .8 
Index correc. f 1 .0 



In. cor. 



+ 1' 



h'= 21 14 .9 

Refraction = — 1.0 

z = 68 46.1 

4,= 71 17.7 

1= 8 35.2 



2* = 

s = 

s— # = 

s-i = 

S— Z = 

sin (s — 0) 

sin (s— 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sec * 

tan 2 Jt 



Equation of time = 



148 

74 

3 



39 .0 
19.5 
01 .8 
44.3 
33.4 



8.7231 
9. 9598 
0. 0021 
0. 5683 



Local mean time .. 
Chronometer time 



9. 2533 


45° 


54' 


3 h 03 


"36 s 




f54 


3 04 


30 


1 36 


29 



AT=+1 28 01 



On arc 31' 
Off arc 33 



Index: 



In. cor. 



00" 

00 h' = 

Refraction = 

+1' Semidiam. = 



53 32.4 
+1.0 



26 



46.7 
—2.0 
-1-15.9 



Z = 62 59.4 
0= 71 17.7 
8 = 10 39.3 



[April 23, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Cheval- 
lier sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Mean 8 



Time. 


Double altitudes 


8" 03™53» 




55° 25' 


04 50 




30 


05 37 




35 


06 28 




40 


07 06. 5 




45 


07 59.5 




55 


8 05 53 




55 38.3 




Index - 


+ 1.0 



h'= 27 49.6 
Refraction = —1.8 

Semi diam. = — 15 .9 



« (/> = 

«— 8 : 

s—z - 

sin (s — 4>) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 



14» 

72 

1 

61 

9 



50. 4 
28.2 
10.5 
48.9 
28.8 



8.3119 
9.9452 
0. 0060 
0. 5211 



tan 2 J t 8. 7842 

t= 27° 43' 

= l h 50" 52» 

10 09 08 

Equation of time = — 34 



Local mean time 10 08 34 

Chronometer time 8 40 15 



AT=+1 28 19 



z = 


62 28.1 


* = 


71 17 .7 


6 = 


12 42.1 


2* = 


146 27.0 


s = 


73 14.0 


S— (»> = 


. 1 56.3 


*-6 = 


60 31.9 


* — z = 


10 45 .9 


sin («— 0) 


8. 5292 


sin (s — d) 


9.0 98 


sec (s—z) 


0. 0077 


sec * 


0. 5 99 


tan 2 J t 


9. 010G 


t = 


35° 44' 


— 


2 b 22 m 5ti s 




9 37 04 


Equation of time = 


—1 50 




9 35 14 




8 05 59 







Ar=+1 29 15 



[April 28, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt 
sextant. Chronometer, Eletcher 1713.] 



[May 16, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
7 b 32™ 54- 

33 42 

34 33 

35 22 
7 37 36 

38 24 

39 10 



Double altitudes. 
Q 57° 30' 
35 



Time. 



59 





39 


56 


Mean 7 


36 


27 


On arc 
Off arc 


35- 
29 


15" 

40 



40 
45 
05 
10 
15 
20 



7 h 40° 
47 
47 
48 
49 
49 



07« 

07 

46.5 

26.5 

05 

47.7 



Double altitudes. 

£2 65° 15' 

20 

25 

30 



40 



Mean 7 ' 48 03 



In. cor. — 2'.8 



dex = 


58 


25 
-2.8 


ion = 


29 


11.1 
—1.7 


z = 
* = 
8 = 


60 
71 
14 


50.6 
17.7 
18.6 



Index = 



Refraction = 
Semi diam. = 



65 27.5 
—2.8 



[May 23, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt 
sextant. Chronometer, Eletcher, 1713.] 



Double altitudes. 
Q 71° 45< 
40 
30 
25 
71 45 
40 
30 
25 



Tit 


ne. 


12 k 06» 


42».5 


07 


15 


08 


51 


09 


35 


12 17 


08 


17 


50 


18 


51 


19 


36.5 



Mean 12 13 14 



32 



42.4 
—1.5 

+ 15.8 



Z= 57 03.3 
<t>= 71 17.7 
I = 19 12 .9 



2s = 146 26.9 

* = 73 13.5 

s— rf> = 1 55 .8 

s—6 = 58 54 .9 

s—z = 12 22 .9 



2« = 



147 
73 
2 
54 
16 



33.9 
47.0 
29.3 
34.1 
43.7 



sin (s — <5) 

sin (s— <J) 

sec (s — z) 

sec* 



8. 5274 

9. 9327 
0.0102 
0. 5397 



tan 2 it 9. 0100 

t= 35° 28'.5 

= 2" 21" 54" 

9 38 06 

Equation of time = —2 41 



«— 8 = 
s — z = 

sin (8—0) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 



tan 2 4« 9.1214 

t— 39° 58' 

2" 39'" 52> 

9 20 08 

Equation of time = — 3 51 



8. 6376 


9.9110 


0. 0188 


0.5540 



e 

Index = 


71 


35.0 
—2.8 


h' = 
Refraction = 


35 


46.1 
—1.3 


z = 
4 = 


54 
71 
20 


15.2 
17.7 
42.8 


1s = 

« — 

*-</> = 

«— 8 = 

s—z = 


146 

73 

1 

52 

18 


15.7 
07.8 
50.1 
■25.0 
52.6 



sin («— 0) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sees 



8. 5054 

9. 8990 
0. 0240 
0. 5373 



tan 2 it 8. 9657 

t= 33° 5C 

2 b 15" 20» 

Equation of time = — 3 28 



Local mean time... 
Chronometer time , 



9 35 25 
7 36 27 



Local mean time . . 
Chronometer time. 



Locnl mean time..- 
Chronometer time . 



2 11 52 
13 14 



AT=+1 58 58 



AT=-|-1 28 J 4 



Ar=+1 58 38 



H. Ex. 44 71 



562 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA, 

RECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS— Continued. 



[May 27, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 

50 34 

51 15 

51 52 

52 34 

53 20.5 

54 22 

7 59 14 

8 00 02 
01 10 

01 57 .5 

02 41.5 

03 25 

04 05 .5 

Mean 7 56 53 



Double altitudes. 

T3 70° 50' 
55 
71 00 
05 
10 
15 
20 

GJ 70 50 
55 
71 00 
05 
10 
15 
20 

O 71 05.0 

Index = — 5.8 



On arc 34' 00" 
Off arc 23 30 



Refraction : 



35 29.6 
—1.3 



In. cor. — 5' 



2= 54 

<f>= 71 
8= 21 



31.7 
17.7 
22.5 



2* = 147 11.9 

«= 73 26.0 

s—4> = 2 18 .3 

8—8 = 52 13.5 

s—z = 19 04.3 



sin (s — (j>) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (s — z) 

see s 

tan* it 
t = 



Equation of time = 



8. C041 

9. 8978 
0. 0245 
0. 5492 

9. 0756 

33° 04' 

2 h 32" 1 

9 27 4 

—3 



Local mean time 9 24 39 

Chronometer time 7 56 53 

A7=+l 27 46 



[May 27, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
8 1 ' 22™ 51* 

23 47 

24 43 

Mean 8 23 47 



Double altitudes. 
Q 73° 10' 
14 
10 



On arc 30' 15" 
Off arc 32 15 



Index: 



73 13 .3 

+1-0 
h'= 36 37.2 



In. cor. +1' 



Refraction = 
Semidiam.= 



—1.3 

+15.8 



2= 53 08.3 
<<>= 71 17.7 
8= 21 23.0 



2s = 



:145 

- 72 
»— «= 1 
8— 8 = 51 
S—Z = 19 



sin (*—</)) 

sin (s — S) 

sec (s — z) 

sec « 

tan* it 
t- 



Equation of tinio = 



49.0 
54.5 
36 8 
31 .5 
40*2 

8.4495 
9. 8937 
0.0264 
0. 5318 



8. 9014 
31° 32' 
2 h 00™ 08» 
9 53 52 
— ', 05 



Local meau time 9 50 47 

Chronometer time 8 23 47 



AT=+1 27 00 



[June 6, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt 
tant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 

8 h 06™ 07« 

06 54 

07 27.5 

08 10 
OS 49.5 

09 40 

Mean 8 07 51 



Double altitudes. 
75° 00' 
05 
10 
15 
20 
25 



Index = 



75 12.5 
—5 8 



On arc 34' 00" 
Off arc 22 30 

ft' = 37 o3 .8 

In. cor. — 5.8 Refraction = — 1.3 
Semi diam. = — 15 .8 



2= 52 43.3 
«= 71 17.7 
8= 22 42.6 



2.9=146 43.6 

8= 73 21.8 

8— <j>= 2 04.1 

s—& = 50 39 .2 

s—z = 20 38 .5 




Equation of time 



Local mean time 9 35 17 

Chronometer time 8 07 51 



AT=4-1 27 2f 



[June 24. 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt sex- 
tant. Cnronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
8 h 03™ 20» 

04 05 

04 46 

05 24 

06 12 
00 52 

8 12 51 

13 40 . 

14- 30 

15 20 

16 05 
16 50 

Mean 8 10 00 



Double altitudes. 







75° 35' 
40 
45 
50 



76 00 
£} 75 35 
40 
45 
50 
55 
76 00 



[July 7, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Negus 544. ] 



Time. 
]> 24" 22» 

25 21 

26 14 

27 08 

28 41 
1 34 56 

35 42 

36 26 

37 12.5 

38 49 

Mean 1 31 29 



[August 16, 1882. Altitudes of sun. Blunt 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Dotible altitudes. 

Q 74 56' 
50 
45 
40 
30 

£5 74 56 
50 
45 

i 40 
30 



Time. 
» 30™ 42- 

32 18 

33 08 

34 07 

35 25.5 

36 58 
38 15 
41 26 



Index = 


75 


47.5 
—5.8 


h' = 
Refraction = 


37 


50.9 
—1.2 


2 = 
d> = 
8 = 


52 
71 

23 


10.3 
17.7 
24.9 



Index : 



74 44.2 
0.0 





42 


08 


3 
8 


33 

40 


47 
36 



7i'= 37 22.1 
Refraction = — 1 .3 



Mean 8 37 12 



Double altitudes. 

Q 54° 07' 
20 
25 
30 
38 
54 

EJ 56 04 
25 
29 

G5 54 29.0 
£} 56 19 .3 

e 55 24.2 
Index = 0.0 




z= 52 39.2 

*= 71 17.7 

8= 22 31.5 

28 = 146 28.4 

8= 73 14.2 

«—<>>= 1 56 .5 

s—d = 50 42 .7 

s—z = 20 35.0 



Refraction = 


27 


42.1 
—1.8 


2 = 
* = 

8 = 


62 

71 
13 


19.7 
17.7 
35.9 



sin (s — <f>) 
sin (8 — 6) 
(s—z) 
sec s 



sec 



8. 5300 
9. 8887 
0. 0286 
0. 5399 



2s = 147 

8= 73 

S — <t>— 2 

s—S = 60 

S—z = 11 



tan*£t 9.0337 

t = 36° 23'.5 
= 2<> 25™ 34' 
9 34 26 
Equation of time = +2 10 

Local mean time 9 36 36 

Chronometer timo 8 10 00 



tan*Jt 8. 9872 

t= 34° 37' 

= 2 h 18™ 28- 
Equation of time = -f-4 41 



Local mean time 2 23 09 

Chronometer time 1 31 29 



sin (« — $) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 

tan* Jt 
t-- 



Equ.Uion of time = 



13.3 
36 .G 
18.9 
00 7 
10.9 

8. 60G3 

9. 9376 
0. 0085 
0.5495 



0. 1019 
39° 09' 
2* 36™ 36" 
9 23 24 
+4 01 



&T- 



+51 40 



T.-OJ.'. ri» ;n f hno 9 27 25 

Ourouomoier tune 8 37 12 



AT = +1 26 36 



AZ" = +50 13 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 503 

RECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS— Continued. 



[Septembers, 1882. Altitudes of Sun. Blunt 
sextant. Chronometor, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
1" 25-59».2 

28 23 .5 

30 16 

31 15 

32 18 

33 35 

1 35 47 .5 

37 03.5 

38 27 

39 44 

40 27 
42 06 



Double altitudes. 
45° 49'. 7 

35 

23 

16 

10.2 

02 
£1 43 44 

30.1 

•JG.7 

19 

15.3 

04.0 



1 34 37 ■©■ 


44 22 .9 


On arc 31' 40'' Index = 


+ .8 


Off arc 33 20 




h' = 


22 11 .8 


In. cor. +0' .8 




Refraction = 


— 2.3 


z = 


67 50 .5 


* = 


71 17 .7 


<5 = 


7 18.5 


2s = 


146 26.7 


s = 


73 13 .4 


s — <£ = 


1 55.7 


s— 6 = 


65 54 .9 


s — z = 


5 22.9 


sin (s — 4>) 


8 .5270 


sin (s — 6) 


9 .9604 


sec (s — z) 


.0019 


sec s 


.5396 



tan 2 if 9 .0289 

t= 36° 12' 

= 2° 24°> 48" 
Equation of time = — 57 

Local mean time 2 23 51 

Chronometer time 1 34 37 



&T = +49 14 



[September 29, 1882. Altitudes of a Lyrse. 
Blunt sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 
(sidereal).] 



Time. 
gh 27""28» 
29 39 
32 52 
36 25 



38 33 
8 32 59 





Double altitudes 






94= 


52' 
47 
35 
28 
22 


.3 

.7 




94 


37 


.0 


Index = 




+ 


.8 




h' = 


47 


18 


.9 










.9 




z — 








42 


42 


.0 




* = 


71 


17 


.7 




i = 

2s = 


38 


40 


.5 




152 


40 


.2 




8 = 


70 


20 


.1 


»- 


-« = 


5 


02 


.4 


8- 


- 8 = 


37 


39 


.6 


S- 


- z = 


33 


38 


.1 



sin(s — <t>) 8.9438 

sin(s— 8) 9.7860 

sec <s—z) 0.0796 

sec s .6266 

tan 2 it 9 .4360 

t= 55° 10' 

= 3 1 ' 40-° 40- 

a— 18 32 59 



Local sidereal time 22 13 39 

Chronometer time 20 32 59 



AT=+1 40 40 



[November 1, 1882. Altitudes of a Lyrse. 
Blunt sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 

(sidereal).] 



Time. Dt 


tuble altitudes 


8" 20° 


01\5 


96° 58' 


20 


50.6 


20 


22 


44 


13.7 


24 


37.4 


07.3 


25 


27.2 


95 30 


8 22 


44 . 


96 13 .8 




Index = 


+ .8 




h' = 


48 07 .3 




Kefraction = 


— .9 








z = 


41 53 .6 




4 = 


71 17.7 




8 = 
2* = 


38 40 .5 




151 51 .8 




s = 


75 55.9 




s — 4> = 


4 38.2 




s— 8 = 


37 15.4 




*— z = 


34 02 .3 




sin <s — <£) 


8 .9076 




sin (s — 8) 


9 .7820 




sec(s — z) 


.0816 




sec s 


.6142 




tan 2 it 


9 .3854 




t = 


52° 29' 




— 


3" 29" 56" 




a = 


18 32 58 


al siil' 


22 02 54 


■onami 




20 22 44 



AT=+1 40 10 



[December 1, 1882. Altitudes of Jupiter. 
Blunt sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 
(sidereal). 1 



[December 11, 1882. Altitudes of Jupiter. 
Blunt sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 
(sidereal).] 



[December 23, 1882. Altitudes of Saturn. 
Blunt sextant. Chronoiueter, Bond 235 
(sidereal).] 



Time. 


Double altitudes. 


11° 55° 


'16* 




59° 50' 


59 


51 




60 32 


12 05 


07 




61 20 


05 


47 




26 


07 


20 




40 


08 


07 




47.2 


10 


30 




62 09 


11 


13 




18.3 


12 05 


24 




61 22.8 






Index = 


+ .8 






h' = 


30 41.8 






Refraction = 


— 1 .6 






z = 


59 19.8 






<f> = 


71 17 .7 






8= 


23 02 .9 






2s = 


153 40 .4 






8 = 


76 50.2 






8 — </> = 


5 32.5 






s— 8 = 


53 47.3 






s — z = 
sin (« — <t>) 


17 30.4 




8 .9848 






sin (8 — 8) 


9.9068 






sec (* — z) 


.0206 






sees 


.6425 






tan 2 je 


9 .5547 






t = 


61° 51' 






= 


4° 07°' 24- 




eal 
«r t 


a== 


5 53 18 


al sidei 


1 45 54 






05 24 









Time. D 
11° 59" 32' 
12 00 57 .5 

04 39 

05 45.5 
09 29.5 


ouble altitudes. 
61° 23'.7 

36.5 
62 09 .8 

20.0 

40.0 


12 04 


01 

Index = 

ft' = 
Refraction = 

z = 
4> = 
8 = 

2s = 

8 = 
8 — <£ = 
8— 8 = 
8 — Z = 

Bin (s — £) 

Bin (s — 8) 

sec (8 — z) 

sees 

tan 2 It 

t = 

a = 


62 02 .0 

+ .8 




31 01.4 
— 1.6 




59 00 .2 
71 17 .7 
23 02 .8 




153 20.7 

76 40.4 

5 22.7 

53 37.6 

17 40.2 




8 .9719 
9 .9059 
.0209 
.6373 

9 .5360 
60° 45' 

4° 03™ 00* 
5 47 41 




1 44 41 


onomel 




04 01 



Time. Double altitude! 
9° 03" 00- 43° 59' 

05 13 .5 44 20 

06 27 31 

07 31 .5 41 
09 30 59 


9 06 


20 44 30 

Index = + .8 




h'- 22 15.4 
Refraction' = — 2 .3 




z= 67 42.9 
0= 71 17 .7 
6= 15 30.7 




28 = 154 31.3 

«= 77 15 .6 

s — 4>= 5 57 .9 

8— 8= 61 44 .9 

8—z= 9 32.7 




Bin (s — <f>) 9.0167 

sin (s— 8) 9.9449 

sec (s— z) .0061 

sec s .0565 




tan 2 it 9 .6242 
t= 65° 58' 

= 4° 23"° 52' 
a= 3 12 36 


nonietor time 21 06 20 



4kT=+l 40 40 



HT= + 1 42 24 



AT=+l 40 30 



564 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

RECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS— Continued. 



[January 7, 1883. Altitudes of Jupiter. Chev- 
allier sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 
(sidereal).] 



Time. Double altitudes 


13 h 03" 


03' 


72° 


03'.2 


06 


37 




29 


08 


17.5 




41 


09 


40 




50 


11 


50 




59 


13 07 


53 


72 


36 .4 




Index = 




+ .8 




h' = 


36 


18.6 




Refraction = 




- 1.3 










Z = 


53 


42.7 




4> = 


71 


17.7 




i = 


22 


59.7 




2s = 


148 


00.1 




s = 


74 


00.0 




S — (f> = 


2 


42.3 




s— 8 = 


51 


00.2 




s — z = 
ein (s — <j>) 


20 


17.3 




8 


.6739 




sin (s — S) 


9 


.8905 




sec (g — z) 





.0278 




see* 
tan 2 it 





.5597 




9 


.1519 




t = 


41" 


17' 






2 h 


45™ 08" 




a = 
eal time 


5 


32 27 


al eidei 


2 


47 19 


onomel 


er time 


1 


07 53 



Ar=+1 39 26 



[January 25, 1883. Altitudes of Jupiter. 
Chevallier sextant. Chronometer, Bond 
235 (sidereal). 1 



Time. 



14 h 17 n 
18 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
28 
29 



33» 

30.5 

10 

16.5 

48 

48 

45.5 

52.5 

42.5 



Double altitudes. 
80° 09' 
13 
20 

24.7 
29.8 
35 

39.5 
54.8 
58 



14 23 03 



Index = 



80 



31 .5 

+ .8 



h'= 40 
Refraction = 



16 .2 
- 1.1 



Z = 49 44 .9 
«*>= 71 17.7 
« = 22 57 .4 



2s = 144 00.0 

s = 72 00 .0 

— #= 42.3 

— 8 = 49 02.6 

— z= 22 15 .1 



sin (s — <f>) 

sin (s — 8) 

sec (« — z) 

sec s 



8 .0899 

9 .8781 
.0336 
.5100 



tan 2 it 8 .5116 

t= 20° 26' 

It 21™44» 
a= 5 25 19 



Local sidereal time 4 03 35 

Chronometer time 2 23 03 



AT=+1 40 32 



[March 2, 1883. Altitudes of Jupiter. Chev- 
allier sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 
(sidereal).] 



Time. 
16" 57° 32' 
17 00 44 

02 37 .5 

03 08 
05 34 

17 01 55 

Sun's disc. 
On arc 31' 10" 
Off arc 32 50 



Index = 



Double altitudes. 
81° 10' 
80 57.3 

51 

48.3 

38.5 

80 53 .0 
+ .8 



h'= 40 26.9 
Refrac. = — 1 .1 



In. cor. +0' .8 







z= 49 


34.2 


<<>= 71 


17.7 


<5= 23 


02.5 



2s = 143 

s— 71 

s — <f> = 

s — 8 = 48 

*— z= 22 



54 .4 
57.2 
39.5 
54.7 
23.0 



sin (s — <j>) 
sin (s — 8) 
sec (s — z) 

sec s 



8 .0603 
9 .8772 
.0340 
.5089 



tan 2 it 8 .4804 

t= 19° 44' 

l h 18™ 56" 
a= 5 24 14 



Local sidereal time 6 43 10 

Chronometer time 5 01 55 



AT=+1 41 15 



[March 18, 1883. Altitudes of Jupiter. Chev- 
alliei sextant. Chronometer, Bond 235 (side- 
real).] 



[April 16, 1883. Altitudes of Sun. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Blunt 214 (mean 
time).] 



[May 3, 1883. Altitudes of Sun. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 



Time. 
19t o:i»21' 
04 55 
07 58 
10 28 
12 39 

19 07 52 



Double altitudes. 
69° 02'.5 
68 50 
25 
04 

67 44.7 

68 25 .2 
Index = + .8 



h'= 34 13.0 
Refraction = — 1 .4 



z= 55 48.4 
(J>=71 17.7 
8= 23 09.0 



Time. 
8 h 2t°>31».5 

22 09 

22 55.5 

23 35 

24 22 

25 12 

8 26 50 .5 

27 38 .5 

28 27 

29 20 

30 15 

31 09 

8 26 07 



Double altitudes. 
Q 49° 50' 
55 
50 00 



51 



05 
10 
15 

30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



Time. 
gt 02°»07».5 

02 56 

03 48 

04 32 

05 26 
9 08 06 

09 07 

10 48 



Double altitudes. 
Q 61° 50' 
55 



63 



2s =150 
s= 75 
-4>= 3 
—S— 51 
— Z= 19 



15.1 

07.5 



58.5 
19.1 



On arc 
Off arc 



32' 00" 

33 50 h'- 

Refraction = 



O 50 52.5 
Index = + .9 



25 26 .7 
— 2.0 







11 
12 


40 

38 




9 


07 


07 


On 

Off 


arc 
arc 


32 
34 


' 10" 
00 



62 00 
05 
10 
30 
35 
45 
50 
55 

— 62 51.5 
Index = +.9 



h'= 31 
Refraction = 



-1 .6 



In. cor. 



+ 0'. 9 



In. cor. +0'.9 



sin (s— <t>) 8.8248 

sin (s-8) 9 .8904 

sec (s—z) .0252 

sec s .5906 



tan 2 i« 
t = 

a = 


9 .3370 
49° 59' 
3" 19" 
5 29 


56 s 
31 


Chronometer time 


8 49 

7 07 


27 
52 



z = 64 35 .3 
= 71 17 .7 
8= 10 13.3 

2s =146 06 .3 

s = 73 03 .2 

-*= 1 

— S= 62 

-z= 8 



45.5 
49.9 
27.9 



sin (s—<i>) 

sin (s — 5) 

sec (s—z) 

sec s 



8.4S69 
9.9492 
.0048 
.5354 



z = 
6 = 


58 35 .4 
71 17.7 
15 45.2 


2s = 

s = 

s — <j = 

S— S = 

s—z = 


105 3S.3 

72 49 .2 

1 31.5 

57 04 .0 

14 13.8 


sin (s — f<) 

sin (s— 8) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 


8 .4251 
9 .9239 
0.0135 
.5296 



AT= -+] 41 35 



tan 2 H 8 .9763 

t= 34° 12' 

_ 2 " 16"' 48» 

a= 9 43 12 

Equation of tiuie — 10 

Local mean time 9 42 56 

Chronometer time 8 2G 07 

AT= +1 16 49 



tan 2 it 8 8921 

(= 31° V.' 

2 1 ' ti4»52- 

a.= 9 55 08 

Equation of time — 3 17 

Local racan timo 9 51 51 

ChrououK tertime 9 07 07 



AT= 



+44 44 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 



565 



RECORD AND REDUCTION OF ASTRONOMICAL 0B8ER VA TIONS— Continued. 



[May 12, 18S3. Altitudes of San. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Blunt 214.] 

Time. Double altitudes. 

8 h 43'" 33< £} Gb° 00' 

44 27 05 

45 26 10 
40 16 15 



8 


47 23 .5 

48 21.5 

49 19 

50 15 


Refr 

sin 
sin 
sec 


GJ 69 25 
30 
35 
40 


8 


46 53 


*-> 68 50 
Index = +.9 


On arc 

Oil arc 

In. cor. 


32' 10" 
34 00 

+ 0'.9 


h' = 34 25 .4 
action = — 1 .4 


z= 55 36 .0 
4> = 7L 17 .7 
«=18 12.3 




2s =145 06.0 

S= 72 33 .0 

S—4>= 1 15.3 

*-«= 54 20.7 

s— z = 16 57.0 




(S—<t>l 8 .3405 
(S—S) 9 .9098 
(*— z) .0193 
sec * .5230 



tan 2 it 8 .7926 

t = 27° 58' 

1" 51-52' 

10 08 08 

Equation of time — 3 50 

Local mean time 10 04 18 

Chronometer time 8 46 53 



AT= +1 17 25 



[May 21, 1883. Altitudes of Sun. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 

lime. Double altitudes. 

gb ]8-44».5 Q 65° 45' 

20 07 

20 43 

21 28 
8 27 11 

27 54 

28 37 

29 20 



8 24 15 



Refraction 




tan 2 it 9 .1676 

t— 41° 58' 

2" 47" 52» 

9 12 08 

Equation of time — 3 38 

Local mean time 9 08 30 

Chronometer time 8 24 15 



AT= 



+44 15 



[June 0, 1883. Altitudes of Sun. Chevallier 
sextant. Chronometer, Negus 544.] 

Double altitudes. 
Q 74° 30' 
35 



lime. 
gh 5G-12' 

56 56.5 

57 42 

58 33 .5 

59 24 
9 01 52 

02 46 

03 35 .5 

04 21 .5 

05 15 



EJ 76 



40 
45 
50 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 



On arc 
Off arc 



32' 10" 
34 00 



In. cor. +0' .9 



G 75 
Index = 

A' = 37 
Refraction = 


30 
+ .9 

45 .5 
- 1 .2 


z= 52 

0=71 
8= 22 


15.7 
17.7 
41 .1 



2* =146 14 .5 

8= 73 07 .2 

4—0= 1 49 .5 

S— <5= 50 26.1 

*— z= 20 51 .5 



8 


.5031 


9 


8870 





0294 





.5370 



sin (s — <t>) 

sin (s — 5) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 



tan 3 it 8 .9565 

t= 33° 29' 

2" 13- 56" 

9 46 04 

Equation of time — 1 35 

Local mean time 9 44 29 

Chronometer time 9 00 40 



AT = 



^43 49 



[June 19, 1883. Altitudes 
of Sun. Chevallier sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Ne- 
gus 544.] 
Time. Double altitudes. 



3" 15-51-.5 
16 30.5 



16 
17 

18 
18 
20 
21 
22 
22 
24 
25 



58 

34.5 

10 

42 

46 

52.5 

27 

59 

06 

50.5 



Q 63° 00' 
62 55 
50 
45 
40 
35 
20 
10 
05 
00 
50 
35 



62 



3 20 09 



Index - 



62 53. 8 

+0.4 



On arc = 31' 10" 
Off arc = 32 00 



Index cor. = 


+ 0' 


i 


h' = 

Eefr.= 


31 27 
—1 


.1 




z = 


~58 3T5 
71 17.7 
23 26.5 



2* = 



s — H-- 
s — <) = 



153 18.7 

76 39.4 

5 21.7 

18 04 .9 



sin (s — (t>) 

sin (s — S) 

sec (s — z) 

sec s 

tan 2 it 
t- 

Eqnat'n of time 

Local m. time.. . 
Chron. time 



8. 9705 

9. 9036 
0. 0220 
0. 6368 



9. 5329 

: 60° 34' 

:4 h 02">lC 

+ 1 07 



4 03 23 
3 20 09 



[June 28,1883.' Altitudes 
of Son. Chevallier sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Ne- 
gus 544.] 

Time. Double attitudes. 
Q 72° 30' 



8" 33' 
34 
34 
35 
36 
36 

8 41 
42 
42 
43 
44 
44 



24' 

07 

49.5 

28 

11 

57 

23 

03 

45 

30 

15 

59.5 



74 



35 
40 
45 
50 
55 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 



8 39 09 



73 42.5 
Index = +.5 



On arc = 31' 10" 
Off arc = 32 10 



Index corr. = -f C.5 

h' = 36 51.5 
Eefr. = —1 .3 



53 09 .8 
71 17 .7 
23 16.9 



2s = 



S— i: 
S — Z : 

sin (« — 4>) 

sin (s — 6) 

sec (s — z) 

sees 

tan 2 it 
t- 



147 44 .4 
73 52.2 
2 34.5 
50 35 .3 
20 42.4 



Equa'n of time 
Local 10. time . 




AT= +43 14 Chron. time 



9 22 22 
8 39 09 



AT =+43 13 



[July 10, 1883. Altitudes 
of Sun. Chevallier sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Ne- 
gus 544.] 
Time. Double altitudes. 

3" 16° 19' Q, 61° 15' 



16 53 .5 

17 31.5 

18 01 
18 36 
22 20 

22 54.5 

23 30.5 

24 00 
24 36 



10 
05 
00 
60 55 



61 



3 20 28 



Index : 



h' 
Eefr. 



e 61 10 
+0.5 



30 35 .2 
—1.6 



sin (s — 0) 

sin (s — S) 

sec (s — z) 

sees 

tan 2 i« 



Eqna'nof time 

Local m. time. 
Chron. time .. 



: 59 
: 71 

: 22 

:152 

76 

: 5 
: 54 

17 



26.4 
17.7 
11.3 

55.4 
27.7 
10.0 
16.4 
01.3 

8.9545 
9.9095 
0. 0194 
0. 6306 



9. 5140 

: 59° 30' 

: 3 h 58- 00' 

+5 08 



AT= +42 40 



[July 23, 1883. Altitudes 
of Sun. Chevallier sex- 
tant. Chronometer, Ne- 
gus 544.] 
Time. Double altitudes. 



gh 07»54» 

08 22 

09 10 

09 47.5 

10 27.5 

11 01 
8 12 31 

13 10 

13 46 

14 25.5 

15 07 
15 45 



Q 62° 30' 
35 
40 
45 
50 
55 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 



64 



Index = 



63 32.5 
+ .5 



Index corr. 




Eqna'nof time 

Local m. time. 
Chron. time .. 

AT-- 



-42 14 



[August 9, 1883. Alti- 
tudes of Sun. Cheval- 
lier sextant. Chronom- 
eter, Blunt 214.] 
Time. Double altitudes. 

9 1 " 06"23'.5 £} 04° 05' 



07 32 

08 33 

09 36 

10 42 
9 12 35 

13 09 

14 10 

15 20 

16 28 

9 11 27 



e 



10 
15 
20 
25 

65 40 
45 
50 
55 

66 00 



B 65 02 .5 



Index = 



On arc = 
Off arc = 



Index corr. = 



+0.3 



30' 10" 
30 50 



+0'.3 



h' 
Eefr. 



32 


31.4 




—1.5 






57 


30.1 


71 


17.7 


15 


47.4 



2s = 144 

s= 7-i 

-<t>— 

-8= 50 

-z=. 14 



35.2 
17.6 
59.9 
30.2 
47.5 



sin (s — <!>) 

sin(S — S) 

sec (s — z) 

sees 

tan 2 i« 



Equa'n of time 

Loealm.time. 
Chron. time.. 



8. 2411 

9. 9211 
0. 0146 
0. 5169 



8. 6937 

25° 04' 

li' 40-1 6" 

10 19 44 

+5 17 



10 25 
9 11 



AT=+1 13 34 



566 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tabulations of observed chronometer corrections, United States meteorological and magnetic polar sta- 
tion, Uglaamie, Alaska. 



Chronometer, Negus No. 544 (mean time). 



1881. AT 

November 28 +l h 51 m 39" 

November 30 1 44 04 

1882 

March 30...' 1 30 49 

Aprilll 1 28 01 

Aprill7 1 28 19 

April23 1 29 15 

May 16 1 28 14 

May27 1 27 46 

May27 1 27 00 

JuneO 1 27 26 

June24 1 26 36 



1882. 

July 7 

August 16... 
September3. 

1883. 

May3 

May 21 

Juue 6 

June 19 

June 28 

Jnly 10 

JulV23 



AT 

+0" 51">40» 

50 13 

49 14 



44 




44 



44 15 

43 49 

43 14 

43 13 

42 40 

42 14 



Chronometer, Fletcher No. 1713 
(mean time). 

1882. AT 

January24 +2 h 02'»59■ 

February 4 2 01 38 

March 11 .... 1 59 59 

April 28 1 58 58 

May 23 1 58 38 



Chronometer, Blunt No. 214 
(mean time) . 

1883. AT 

April 16 +lh 16-49" 

May 12 1 17 25 

August 9 1 13 34 



Chronometer, Hntton No. 312 
(sidereal). 

1882. AT 

February 10 +l h 39°> 53" 

February 21 1 36 29 

March2 1 36 39 



Chronometer, Bond No. 235 
(sidereal). 

1881. AT 

November 16 +l h 23'" 04" 

1882 

September'29 1 40 40 

November 1 1 40 10 

December 1 1 40 30 

December 11 1 40 40 

December 23 1 42 24 

1883 

January7 1 39 26 

January25 1 40 32 

March 2 1 41 15 

March 18 1 41 35 



Observed ions for latitude at United States meteorological and magnetic polar station, Uglaamie, Alaska. 

[April 28, 1882. Sextant, Bluut No. 309. Chronometer, Fletcher No. 1713. Observer, A. C. Dark. Recorder, E. P. Herentleen.] 







Single 


Index correc- 




Observed 


Double 


altitudes, index 


tion —2'. 8 


Meridian 


times. 


altitudes. 


correction 
applied. 


reduction to 
meridian. 


altitude. 


9' 36" 52' 


£} 65° 25'. 8 


32° 41'. 5 


5'.6 


32° 47M 


37 52 .5 


28.0 


42.6 


5.1 


47.7 


39 25 


30.0 


43.6 


4.6 


48.2 


40 41 


32.0 


44.6 


4.0 


48.6 


44 21.5 


34.0 


45.6 


2.5 


48.1 


46 10.5 


35.8 


46.5 


1.9 


48.4 


48 00 


37.0 


47.1 


1.4 


48.5 


50 33 


37.5 


47.4. 


0.8 


48.2 


52 25 


38.5 


47.8 


0.4 


48.2 


57 32 


39.7 


48.4 


0.0 


48.4 


It) 00 46 .5 


39.7 


48.4 


0.0 


48.4 


07 36.5 


37.0 


47.1 


1.0 


48.1 


09 02 


35.8 


46.5 


1.3 


47.8 


10 38 .5 


35.0 


46.1 


1.8 


47.9 


11 46 


34.0 


45.6 


2.1 


47.7 


13 18 


33.0 


45.1 


2.6 


47.7 


14 41 .5 


32.0 


44.6 


3.2 


47.8 


15 57 


31.0 


44.1 


3.7 


47.8 


17 19 


30.0 


43.6 


4.3 


47 .9 


18 19 
Mean time of ct 


29.0 
lmination . ll b 


43 .1' 


4.8 


47.9 


57 m 19 s Mean 


32 48.0 


Chron. time of cv 


AT+ 1 


58 58 R< 


jfr. and par 


—1.4 


ilmination. 9 


58 21 


= 32 46.6 






Semi-diameter 

h ©'s center 


+15.9 


33 02.5 






S 


= 14 20.5 




<*> 


= 71 18.0 



[June 24, 1882, noon. Theodolite, Fauth & Co. Chronoi 


neter, Negus No. 544 


Observed times. 


Observedaltitude,| *<^^ 


Meridian altitude. 


10 L 34"' 13" 

36 13 

37 16 .5 
37 58 

39 40 

40 06 
40 40 

42 04 

43 10 

43 31 

44 20 
44 40 .5 

Mean time of cul . . 

/ 

Chron. time of cul 


£> 42° 25' R 
25 L 
24 R 
24 L 
23 R 
23 L 

42 56 R 
56 L 
54 R 
54 L 
53 R 
53 L 


J O'.O 
| 0.0 
1 0.2 
1 0.4 
| 0.7 


£} 42° 25'.0 
24.0 
23.2 

56.4 
54.7 
54.0 


12'' 02™ 12" Mean Q'a center . . 
±T+ 1 26 36 Refr. and par 

.. 10 35 36 

8 


42 39.5 
—0.9 


42 38.6 
= 23 24.8 




4>n 


70 46.2 



[June 24, 1882, midnight. Theodolite, Fauth & Co. 
Chronometer, ?. Observer, A. C. Dark. Recorder. E. P. 
Herendeen. The times given do not correspond to the 
time of lower culmination of the sun ; therefore the moan 
of the four smallest readings (supposed to indicate the 
time of lower culmination) were taken. The discordance 
between the results at upper and lower culminations 
seems to indicate that the instrument was not adjusted 
for index error. ] 

Observed altitudes. 

Q 5° 07' R. 

5 07 L. 

5 36 R, 

5 36 L. 

Mean 5 21.5 

Refraction and par —9.1 

5 12.4 
« =23 24 .0 



=71 



48.4 
-1.2 



Correction to refraction for displaced zenith . 

Corrected <j>m 71 47.2 

From observations June 24, noon <j>n =70° 46'.2 

From observations June 21, midnight <$>m =71 47 .2 



Mean 71 16.7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



5G7 



Observation of lunar distance for longitude, July 1, 1882, at the United States meteorological and mag' 

netio polar station, Uglaamie, Alaska. 



[Set. I. Observer, A. C. Dark. Chronometer, Negus 554. Blunt sextant. Index conection = CO.] 



Time. 
9b 32- 16" 
34 44.5 
36 07 .5 



Distance © and <2 

90° 38' 

35 

33 



Mean 


9 


34 


23 


AT 


+51 


40 


Mean time 10 


26 


03 


Sidereal time 


5 


28 


50 


a© 


7 


07 


33 


afi 





49 


46 



Semi.-d. © 
Semi.-d. a 



90 



35.3 
15.8 
16.1 



A' 91 07. 2 



Formulae. 
z, Z = true zenith distances, 
z', Z' = apparent zenith distances. 
A, A' = true and apparent distances of objects. 

t = hour angle. 
cos z = sin 4> sin S + cos <j> cos S cos t 
cos A' = cos z' cos Z' + sin z' sin Z' cos A 

cos A' — cos z' cos Z' 
cos A — sin z , sin z , 

cos A = cos z cos Z + sin z sin Z cos A 



<© 1 38 38 = 24° 39'.5 

tG 4 39 09= 69 47.2 
«© 22° 32'.6 
d<I 9 12.5 




sin 9. 97643 cos <t> 
sin 6 9. 58363. cos 6 

cos t 

sin <J> sin S 9. 56006 



cos cos 8 cos t 9. 43004 



Kefr. 



cos A' 
- cos z' cos Z' 



8.2911 n 
9. 19187n 

+0. 05142 



+ 0.24087 

cos z 9. 80093 
sin z 9. 88914 



9. 50609 
9. 90548 
9. 95847 

= — 1.2 

r =+ -1 

: 50° 46'.7 
= 50 45.6 



sin <l> 
sin 6 



9. 97643 
9. 20419 

9. 18062 
9. 03893 



+ 0. 23594 



cos Z 
sin Z 



9. 41656 
9. 98469 



COS A'— cos z' cos Z' 9. 24329n 
sin z' sin Z' 9. 87548 



cos A 

sin z sin Z 

sin z sin Z cos A 

cos z cos Z 



9. 36781n 
9. 87383 
9.24164n 
9. 21749 

-1. 26695 



cos z' 9. 80111 
cos Z' 9. 39076 



sin z' 9. 88902 
sin Z' 9. 98646 



COS A 7. 97469n 
A 90° 32' 26" 



A for Greenwich 9>> 90° 28' 27" 

ObservedA 90 32 26 

Difference 4 01 log 2.3820 

p. I. 0. 2645 

7'°23' 2.6465 

Greenwich time 8 h 52° 37» p. m. 

Localtime 10 26 07 a.m. 

Longitude 10 26 30 



Time. 

9 h 44» U».8 

46 15 .0 

48 22 .4 

50 23 .4 



[Set. II. Chronometer, Negus 544. Blunt sextant.] 

Distance © and C • 
90° 30' 42" 
29 40 
28 40 
27 38 © 



Mean 


9 


47 


19 


aT 


+ 51 


40 


Mean time 10 


38 


59 


Sidereal time 


5 


41 


53 


a© 


7 


07 


33 


<L« 





50 


13 



90 29.2 
Semi.-d. © 15. 8 
Semi.-d. (I 16. 1 



sin (f> 9. 97643 
sin « 9. 58363 



91 01.1 



t© 1 25 40 = 21° 25' 

td 4 51 40 = 72 55 
<S© 22° 32'.6 
Sd 9 15.0 



cos A' 8. 2497 n 
— cos z' cos Z' 9. 1675271 



9. 56006 
9. 44050 



0. 24536 



cos z 9. 80542 
sin z 9. 88610 



cos <t> 9. i 
cos S 9. 96548 
cos t 9. 96893 



Reft. = — 1. 2 
*=+ -1 

Z = 50°17'.5 
Z' = 50 16.4 



cos z' 
cos Z' 



9. 80559 
9. 361»a 



sin z' 9. 88598 
sin Z' 9. 98818 



+0. 04954 



cos A' 



-cos z' COS Z' 
sin z' sin 7,' 



9. 217067J 
9. 87416 



cos A 9. 34290?! 
sin z sin Z 9.87264 



sin z sin Z cos 4 9. 21554? 
cos z cos Z 9. 19500 



-1.33534 



cos A 7. 88020n 
A 90° 20' 05" 



A for Greenwich a 1 ' 90° 26' 27" 

ObservedA 90 26 05 

Difference 2 22 log 2.1523 

p.'l. 0.2655 

4™ 22» 2. 4178 

Greenwich mean time 9 U 04 m 22* 

Local mean time 10 39 01 

Longitude 10 20 19 



cos0 9.50609 
cos S 9. 99437 
cos t 9. 53847 

Kefr.=— 3'.5 
7T = +57.0 

Z = 74°52'.4 
# = 75 45.9 



sin <t> 9- 97643 
sin 6 9. 20013 



9. 18256 
8. 96841 



COS 

cos i 
cos t 



9. F0609 
9. 99432 

9. 46600 



+ 0. 20702 

cos Z 9. 38958 
sinZ 9.98653 



Eefr.=— 3.7 

7T = +57.2 



Z= 
Z' = 



75° 48'.3 
70 41.8 



568 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Observation for time at Point Barrow, Alaska, February 21, 1883. 

[A. C. Dark, observer. Chronometer, Bond No. 235 (sidereal). Chevallier sextant.] 



[Altitudes of Jupiter.] 





Time. 


Double altitudes 




20 h 02'" 05" 




59° 00' 




02 20 




58 58. 5 




04 52 


, 


58 34 




07 25 




58 12 




08 22 




58 00 




09 20. 


5 


57 52.3 




10 30 




57 41.3 


Mean 


.. 20 06 25 




58 19.7 




31' 10" 


Index = 
h' = 


+.8 




29 10.2 


Off arc... 


,, , 32 50 


Refraction = 
z = 


—1.7 


Index correction +0'.8 


60 51.5 






£== 


71 22. 






6 = 


22 59. 8 






2* = 


155 13.3 



Double altitudes. 
2* = 155° 13'.3 
*= 77 36.6 
s—<t> = 6 14 .6 
8—&= 54 36.8 
S—Z= 16 45.1 



sin (s — <j>) 

sin (s — 6) 

sec (s — z) 

sec z 



9. 0364 
9. 9113 
0. 0188 
0. 6084 



tan J l« 9. 6349 

t= 66° 3G' 

4 h 26" 24 s 
o= 5 22 46 



Local sidereal time = 9 49 10 
Chronometer time = 8 06 25 



AT = 



-1 42 45 



Observation for longitude, Point Barrow, Alaska, February 20, 18S3. 

[A. C. Dark, observer. Chronometer, Bond 235 (sidereal). Chevallier sextant.] 





Time. 

22>> 30" 
33 
37 
39 
41 
44 


37" 

5G 

10.5 

57 

50 

51.5 






10 

Mean = (22) 

AT= + 1 


38 
42 


04 
45 




Sidereal time = 12 
oC= 9 
alf= 5 


'JO 
03 
22 


49 
25 
36 




sin i> 
smS 


«<[= 3 
fU= 6 

JUj 

9. 97662 
9. 59170 


17 24 
58 13 

oiter. 

cos<f> 
cos 6 
cos t 

Kefr. = 

Z= 
Z= 


9. 50449 
9. 96405 
9. 40016m 




9. 56832 
8. 86870rc 




—3.1 


cos z 
sinz 


—0. 09674 

9. 47158 
9. 98006 


72° 46'.! 
72 43.] 



Distance moon and Jupiter. 

53° 05' 10" 

07 40 

10 00 

12 00 

13 30 

14 20 



Misread by 



Index correction = 
Semi-di. <[ = 



53 


10.4 




15 


53 


25.4 




+.8 




15.0 



Siderealtime 12 h 20 m 49 s 

Longitude from "Washington 5 18 27 

Washington sidereal time 

Sidereal time of noon 

Sidereal interval 

Mean time interval 

L 

Local mean time 14 20 22 



17 
21 


3'.) 
57 


16 
13 


19 


42 
—3 


03 
14 


19 

= 5 


38 
18 


49 
27 



A'= 53 41.2 
«<I = 11 34.6 
$li = 22 59. 4 



cosz' 

008 Z' 



9. 47286 
9. 58104 



Longitude of Point Barrow . . 
Reduction to Uglaamie 



10 h 25" 49" 
+1 25 



Longitude 10 27 14 



sin <j> 
sin S 



cos Z 

sin Z 



9. 97662 
9. 30250 

9. 27912 
9. 30943 

+ 0.28614 

9. 59557 
9. 96336 



Moon. 



cos <b 
eos S 
cos t 

Refr.= 



9. 50449 
9. 99107 
9. 81387 

-2.2 
+ 50.6 



66° 47'. 5 
67 35.9 



sinz' 
sins' 



9. 97093 
9. 96593 



Greenwich time h 46 ra 11" 

Localtime 14 20 22 



Longitude 10 25 49 



cos A' 
— cos z' cos Z' 



cos A' — cos z' cos Z 
sin z' sin Z' 



9. 77247 
9. 05390n 

—0. 09215 



cos A 
sin z sin Z 



cos A sin z sin Z 
cos z cos Z 



cos A 
A = 
A for Greenwich h - 

Difference = 

log. 



9. 68032 
9. 94586 

9. 73440 
9. 94342 

9. 67788 
9. 06715 

+0. 09519 

9. 77307 
= 53° 37' 42" 
= 53 14 01 



23 41 



3. 1526 
0. 2901 



3. 4427 
Greenwich time.. 46™ 11" 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



5G9 



Reduction of observations for azimuth of magnetic maris at the United States meteorologic and magnetic 

polar station, TJglaamie, Alaska. 

[A. C. Dark, observer.] 



[November 21, 1881. Jupiter.' 
Stackpolo theodolite. J 



Ver. circle. Hor. circle. 


D = 28° 40' 


89° 42'. 5 


28 55 


90 52 


K = 149 20 


92 08.6 


149 00 


93 20.5 


ft' = 


29° 48'. 8 


refr. = 


—1.7 


ft = 


29 47. 1 


= 


71 17. 7 


P = 


73 24. 7 


2« = 


174 29. 5 


s = 


87 14. 8 


* — i> = 


15 57. 1 


s—h = 


57 27. 7 


8—p = 


13 50. 1 


sin (s— (J>) 


9. 4390 


sin (s— ft) 


9. 9258 


see (s— p) 


0. 0128 


sec 8 


1. 3185 


tan a £ A 


0. 6961 


(fromN.) A = 


131° 40' 


Hor. cir. = 


91 31 


North reads = 


319 51 


Mark reads = 


223 38 


M'kW.ofN.= 


96 13 



| July 25, 1882. Sun.t Fauth 
theodolite. ] 

E. Ver. circle. Hor. circle. 



-J = 146° 59' 
147 10 
147 26 

r- = 147 12 
147 15 
147 44 


299° 21' 
300 45 

302 00 

303 13 

304 20 
306 20 


A' = 
refr. = 


32° 42'. 3 
—1.5 


ft = 
4> = 
P = 


32 40. 8 
71 17. 7 
70 28. 5 


2s — 

s = 

8—$ = 
8 — ft = 
8—p = 


174 27.0 
87 13.5 

15 55.8 
54 32.7 

16 45.0 


sin (s — cf>) 

sin (s—h) 

sec (s—p) 

sees 


9. 4385 
9. 9109 
0. 0188 
1. 3150 


tan'i A 

Ar= 

Hor. cir. = 


0. 6832 
131° 02' 
302 40 


North reads = 
Mark reads = 


73 42 
120 17 


M'kE.ofN. = 


46 35 



[July 25, 1882. San. 
theodolite.] 



Fauth 



D. Ver. circle. Hor. circle. 



_i = 211° 24' 
211 10 
211 03 

r~ = 2li 22 
211 17 
211 13 



ft' 
refr. 



306° 10' 
307 10 

307 36 

308 50 

309 14 

310 40 



31° 14'. 8 
—1.6 



A = 
<*> = 
P = 

2s-- 



s — $ -- 

8 — h-- 
8—p- 

sin (s — ^) 

sin (s— ft) 

sec (s—p) 

sees 

tan 2 J A 

A = 
Hor. cir. = 

North reads - 
Mark reads = 



31 
71 
70 

:172 

: 86 

: 15 

: 55 
: 16 



13 2 
17.7 
28.5 

59.4 
29.7 
12.0 
16.5 
01.2 



9. 4187 
9. 9148 
0. 0172 
1. 2137 



0. 5644 
124° 52' 
308 17 

73 09 
119 46 



M'kE.ofN.= 46 37 



[August 31, 1882. Sun.J Pauth 
theodolite.] 

Ver. circle Hor. circle. 



L = 24° 08' 

24 06 

_J = 24 01 

23 59 
r- = 24 19 

24 14 
1=24 11.5 347 35 

24 09.5 347 45 



343° 30' 

344 00 

344 00 

344 45 

346 13 

340 37 



ft' = 

refr. = 


24° 08'. 5 
—2.1 


ft = 
= 
P = 


24 06.4 
71 17. 7 
81 35. 5 



59.0 
29.8 
12.1 
23.4 
54.3 



2s = 

s = 

8 — <j> = 
s — A = 
s—p — 

sin (s — (t> 

sin (s— ft) 

sec (s—p) 

sec s 

tan 2 J A 

A = 
Hor. cir. = 

North reads = 
Mark reads = 



M'kE.ofN. = 49 09 



9. 4709 
9. 9551 
0. 0C32 
1.5811 


1.0103 

145° 18' 

• 345 33 


: 130 51 
180 00 



* Station : First magnetic observatory, first position, magnetometer pier. Mark, wire on dwelling-house. 

t Station : First magnetic observatory, second position, magnetometer pier. Mark, 300 yards north (magnetic) irom observatory. 

X Station: Second magnetic observatory, declinometer pier. Mark, same as on July 25, 1882. 



H. Ex. 44- 



-72 






EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



APPENDIX No. 2. 

OBSERVA TIONS MADE AT WASHINGTON, D. C, IN 1881 AND 1884, FOR DETERMINING THE CONSTANTS 
OF THEODOLITE MAGNETOMETER NO. 11 AND OF KEW DIP CIRCLE NO. 23, TOGETHER WITH THE 
COMPUTATION AND A RECAPITULATION OF RESULTS. 

[Computer: E. H. Courteuay.] 

Observations to determine the value of one scale- division of the long mac/net L in accompanying theodo- 
lite magnetometer No. 11, made at the Magnetic Observatory on Capitol Hill, Washington, D. ft, 
iy M. Smith, in June, 1881, and by J. E. Maxfield, February 5, 1884. 



s 


rtl. 


Set 2. 


Set 3. 


Set 4. 


Set 5. 


1 
Set 6. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 


Scale. 


Circle 
reading. 




O 1 




o / 




o / 




o ' 




o ' 




O 1 





102 04 





102 13.5 





58 47. 25 





58 41. 75 


80 


53 46. 25 


80 


175 14 


10 


101 27.5 


10 


101 37.75 


10 


58 11. 5 


10 


58 07. 25 


70 


54 22.25 


70 


175 52 


20 


100 50 


20 


101 00. 25 


20 


57 33. 75 


20 


57 29. 25 


60 


55 00 


60 


176 23 


30 


Km 13 


30 


100 22. 25 


30 


56 56 


30 


56 52. 75 


50 


55 37.25 


50 


177 04 


40 


99 36 


40 


99 45. 75 


40 


TO 19.25 


40 


56 13.5 


40 


56 12. 5 


40 


177 40 


no 


99 00 


50 


99 08. 25 


50 


55 43 


50 


55 40 


30 


56 49 


30 


178 17 


60 


98 23. 5 


60* 


98 33. 


60 


5", C5. 25 


60 


55 01. 25 


20 


57 25. 75 


20 


178 54 


70 


97 44. 5 


70 


97 56. 25 


70 


51 26 


70 


54 23. 75 


10 


58 02. 75 


10 


179 29. 75 


80 


97 00. 5 


80 


97 18.5 


80 


53 49. 75 


80 


53 46. 25 





58 40. 75 





180 06. 5 


40 


99 30. 1 


40 


99 46. 17 


40 


56 19. 08 


40 


56 15.08 


40 


56 12. 94 


40 


177 40.58 


40 


2 27.9 


40 


2 27.3 


40 


2 28.2 


40 


2 26.7 


40 


2 26.7 


40 


2 ?fi.6 


ao 


1 51.4 


30 


1 51.6 


30 


1 52.4 


30 


1 52. 2 


30 


I 50.7 


30 


1 48.6 


20 


1 13.9 


20 


1 14.1 


20 


1 14.7 


20 


1 14.2 


20 


1 12.9 


20 


1 12.6 


10 


36.9 


10 


36.1 


10 


36.9 


10 


37.7 


10 


35.7 


10 


30.6 





00.1 





00.4 





00.2 





01.6 





00.4 





00.6 


10 


30.1 


10 


37.9 


10 


36.1 


10 


35.1 


' 10 


36.1 


10 


36.4 


20 


1 12.0 


20 


1 13.2 


20 


1 13.8 


20 


1 13.8 


20 


1 12.8 


20 


1 13.4 


30 


1 51. C 


30 


1 49.9 


30 


1 53.1 


30 


1 51.3 


30 


1 49. 8 


30 


1 49.2 


40 
200 


2 29.6 


40 


2 27.7 


40 


2 29.3 


40 


2 28.8 


40 


2 27.8 


40 


2 25.9 


12 20. 1 


200 


12 18. 2 


200 


12 24. 7 


200 


12 21.4 


200 


12 12. 9 


200 


12 09. 9 


1<>= 


3'.700 


l d 


=3'.691 


n 


=3'.724 


1« 


=3'.707 


H 


=3'.665 


1 J 


=3'.650 



Mean of all=3'.690 



Observations to determine moment of mass of the long magnet L /r 

[Date. Juno 10, 1881. Station. Schott's Observatory, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Mag- 
net, \j. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, P. Walther's No. 2780; daily rate, 236*.4, gaining on mean time. Observer, 

M. Smith.] 



Kb. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 

time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale ; Time of 100 os- ! Computation, 
readings. i dilations. , v 



10 
20 
30 
40 
50 


h. m. s. 
10 19 35.0 

20 28. 

21 21.0 

22 14. 

23 07.0 

24 00. 


63.0 
63.5 

64.0 
63.5 


29.9 
35.5 

39.1 


69.1 
62.9 

58.8 


m. 8. 

8 50.0 

50.5 
50.0 
50.5 
50.5 
50.5 


2*=l»*(l + A)(l-[t'-*lg) 

s. 

Observed time of 1 00 oscillations 530. 33 

Time of one oscillation 5. 3033 


100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 


10 28 25.0 

29 18. 5 

30 11. 

31 04. 5 

31 57.5 

32 04.5 




2"= 5. 2888 


Means 


8 50.33 


Log'ms. 
7= 0.00085 T 0.72336 I 

«'-t = +0. 1 j 

Z" 1.44071 

mH=^ 1+4 0.00073 
T 2 f 

l-(t'-t)q 9.99996 

Temp, t = 63°. 4 

T 2 1.44740 


Coefficient of torsion. 




Tors. 

circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


division = 3'.69 


Logarithms. 


120 

210 

30 

120 


39.1 
24.1 
26.1 
30.0 


58.8 
77.2 
69.2 
75.5 


48.95 
50.65 
47.65 
52.75 


1.70 
3.00 
5.10 


v = 9'. 04 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3.73312 
6. 26761 


0. 00073 


Mean v = 2. 45 


1 


+ 7 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 571 

Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L /n &c. — Continued. 



lDati\ June 10, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring suspended. Chronometer, P. 
"Walther's No. 2780 ; daily rate, 236'. 4, gaining on mean time. Observer, MT Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chionometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


63.5 


41.1 


62.9 


62.5 


43.5 


59.9 


64.0 


46.2 


57.3 


63.3 







Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



Ill 
24 
32 
40 



49.0 

49.5 

50.5 

51.0' 

52.0 

53.0 



96 
104 
112 
120 



52 
53 
54 
56 



57.5 
58.5 
59.5 
00.0 



57 01.0 

58 02.0 



Means 



10 08.5 
09.0 
09.0 
09.0 
09.0 
09.0 



10 08.92 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



Mean. 



120 

210 

30 

120 



46.2 
40.8 
29.9 
30.1 



57.3 
62.0 

68.8 
73.7 



51.75 
51.40 
49.35 
51.90 



Differ- 
ences. 



0.35 
2.05 
2.55 



Value of one scale- ■ T „„„■(., „ 

division=3'.69 ! Logarithms. 



Meanv = 1.2375 



D=4'. 57 
5400' + V' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+A 



3. 73276 
6. 26761 



0. 00037 



s. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations 608. 92 

Time of one oscillation 7. 0115 

Correction for rate j —0.0208 

I"= 7.5907 



V— 1=— 0. 1 
Temp. «=63°.4 



~ 2*2 



l-(t 



Log'ms. 
T 0. 88028 

T* 1. 76050 

1+A 0.00037 

— t)q 0.00004 

T 2 1.76097 



[Date, June 11, 1881. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, P. 
"Walther's No. 2780; daily rate, 236 5 .4, gaining on meantime. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 




10 
20 
30 
40 
50 


h. m. s. 
10 03 45.9 

04 39.4 

05 33.2 

06 27.1 

07 20. 4 

08 13.8 








TO, 8. 

6 55.0 

54.7 
54.4 
53.7 
53.3 
53.4 


s. 


72.0 
73.0 


31.4 
33.2 


57.1 
52.1 


100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 


10 12 40.9 

13 34.1 

14 27.6 

15 20.8 

16 13.7 

17 07. 2 


Correction for rate — 0.0146 


2"= 5.3262 


Log'ms. 

T' 0. 72642 

o 

«'—«=— 4.3 T' 2 1.45284 j 

. w 1+A 0.00051 

T* l-(t'-t)(i 0.00159 

Temp.«=76o.8 y2 x ^ 


Means 


72.5 


8 54.08 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors. 
■ circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


120 

210 

30 

120 


33.2 
32.1 
24.1 
33.1 


52.1 
55.2 
55.9 
51.2 


42.65 
43.65 
40.00 
42.15 


1.00 
3.65 
2.15 


v = 6'. 3 
5400' -f v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73290 
6. 26761 




0. 00051 


Mean v = 1. 70 


1- 


'7 





572 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L in &c. — Continued. 

[Date, June 11, 1881. Station. "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring snspended. Chronometer, P. 
"Walther's No. 2780 j daily rate, 236 s .4, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



h. m. s. 

11 01 28.4 

02 29. 7 

03 30. 9 

04 32. 5 

05 33.7 
0G 35.1 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



42.1 
43.3 
44.6 
4*5.9 
46.9 
48.2 



Means 



75.0 



76.0 
75.5 



23.9 



29.1 



62.8 



51.8 



10 



13.7 
13.6 
13.7 
13.4 
13.2 
31.1 



10 13.45 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



120 
210 
'30 
120 



Scale. 



29.1 
17.2 
19.2 
15.1 



51.8 
75.9 
54.4 
65.9 



Mean. 



40.45 
46.55 



40.50 



Differ- 
ences. 



6.10 
9.75 

3.70 



Mean v=4. 



Value of one scale- 
division —W. 69 



»=18'.0 

5400'+!)' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73384 
6. 26761 



0. 00145 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 613.45 

Time of one oscillation 7. 6681 

Correction for rate -0.0209 

T>= 7.6472 



t'-t=-l°.3 



mM= 



_rc*M 



2>/s 

l+£ 

l-(t'-t)q 



Log'ms. 
0. 88350 

1. 76700 
0. 00145 
0. 00048 
T 2 1.76893 



[Date, June 11, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Chronometer, P. Walther's No. 2780 ; daily 

rate, 236\4, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 


Chronometer 


Temp. 


Extreme scale 


Time of 100 os- 


Computation. 






lations. 


time. 


V 


readings. 


cillations. 








h. m. s. 








m. s. 











11 42 43. 6 


77.0 


25.3 


56.1 










10 


43 37. 2 
















20 


44 30. 4 
















30 


45 24.0 
















40 


46 17. 5 
















50 


47 11.2 


78.0 


30.2 


51.1 


8 54.6 
54.7 


Observed time of 100 oscillations . 




8. 

535. 08 
5. 3508 


100 
110 


11 51 38. 2 
52 31.9 




120 
130 


53 25. 2 

54 19. 1 








54.8 
55.1 






-0. 0146 






140 


55 13.1 








55.6 




2»— 


5. 3362 


150 


56 06.9 


79.0 


34,6 


47.2 


55.7 








Log'ms. 


Means 


78.0 


8 55.08 












t'-t=+l°. 2 


T 


0. 72723 










Coefficient of torsion. 










pz 


1. 45446 






Value of one scale- 
division = 3. 69 


Logarithms. 


1- 


'+7 

-(t'-t)q 


0. 00070 
9. 99956 


Tors. 


Scale. 




Differ- 


circle. 






ences. 






Temp. fc=76°.8 






















r> 


1. 45472 


120 


34.6 


47.2 


40.90 
















2.25 












210 


22.2 


64.1 


43.15 


4.60 












30 


29.9 


47.2 


38.55 


2.55 


»=8'. 7 
5400'+o' 


3. 73309 








120 


28.1 


54.1 


41.10 




5400 (ar. co.) 


6. 26761 










0. 00070 






Mean v=2. 35 




f 











EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



573 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L /n &c. — Continued. 

[Date, June 11, 1881. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument. No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring suspended. Chronometer, P. 
Walther's No. 2780; daily rate, 236".4, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

f 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
12 05 39.9 

06 41.6 

07 4<. 1 

08 44. 8 

09 46. 

10 47. 5 


81.0 

81.5 
81.2 


30.9 
31.1 


57.2 
54.0 


m. s. 

10 15.0 
14.8 
15.1 
14.7 
15.0 
15.1 


s. 
Time of one oscillation 7. 6869 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


12 15 54.9 

16 56.4 

17 53.2 

18 59.5 

20 01.0 

21 02.6 


T> = 7. 6659 


Means 


10 14. 95 


Log'ms. 

V — t — -\-i°.i V 0.88456 


Coefficient of torsion. 


"Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


_- wW T* 1.76913 
mH=-= q - h 

1 1 + y 0. 00054 

Temp. t = 76°. 8 1 — ((' — «)</ 9.99838 

T* 1.76805 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


120 

210 

30 

120 


34.1 
29.1 
22.1 
22.9 


54.0 
63.9 
63.1 
64.1 


44.05 

46.50 

1 
42.60 

43.50 


2.45 
3.90 
0.90 


o = 6'.7 
5400' + V' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73293 
6. 26761 


0. 00054 


Mean v = 1. 81 


H 


-7 





[Date, June 17, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, Bond 

No. 188 M. T. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


76.5 


22.1 


67.1 


78.0 


28.8 


60.5 


79.0 


34.1 


54.5 


77.8 







Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 




10 
20 
30 
40 
50 



35.4 
29.1 
22.9 
10.6 
10.3 
04.1 



100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 



3 07 



32.1 
26.0 
20.1 
13.9 
07.9 
01.9 



56.7 
56.9 
57.2 
57.3 
57.6 
57.8 



Means 



8 57.25 





Coefficient of torsion 




Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


330 


34.1 


54.5 


44.3 


1.65 


60 


21.1 


70.8 


45.95 


2.45 


240 


21.8 


65.2 


43.50 


0.95 


330 


9.8 


79.1 


44.45 






Me 


an v = 


= 1.26 





Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



V = 4'. 65 
5400' + »' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+i 



Logarithms. 



3. 73277 
6. 26761 



0. 00038 



Observed time of 100 oscillations 537. 25 

Time of one oscillation 5. 3725 

Correction for rate +0. 0000 

T'= 5.3731 



V — 1 = — 90.2 
Temp. t = 87°.0 



JV2 

l — (V—t)q 



Log'ms. 
' 0. 730224- 

1. 40045 
0. 00038 

0. 00339 

1. 46422 



574 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L,, &c. — Continued. 

[Date, June 17, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring snspended. Chronometer, 

Bond No. 188. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 





8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
3 26 53.5 

27 55. 2 

28 56. 9 

29 58.7 

31 00.3 

32 02. 1 


80.5 

81.5 

82.5 


19.8 

24.1 

30.9 


72.4 
68.0 

61.1 


m. s. 

10 17.6 
17.7 
17.8 
17.7 
17.8 
17.8 




s. 
617. 7S 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


3 37 11.1 

38 12.9 

39 14.7 

40 16.4 

41 18. 1 

42 19.9 


«'—«= — 5°. 5 
Temp. t=87°.0 1- 


7.7216 

+0.0009 

2" =7. 7225 


Log'ms. 
T. 0.88770 


Means 


81.5 


10 17.73 


Coefficient of torsion. 


"Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


T 1 * 1.77552 

1 + Y 0.00069 

-{t'-t) q 0.00203 


Tors. 

circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


T 2 1.77824 


330 

60 

240 

330 


30.9 
33.1 
14.9 
31.3 


61.1 
64.9 
74.4 
61.9 


46.0 
49.00 
44.65 
46.60 


3.00 
4.35 

1.95 


a = 8'.60 
5400' -f v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73308 
6. 26761 


0. 00069 


Mean v = 2. 33 


'+7 





[Date, June 17, 1881. 



Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, 
Bond No. 188. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 
V 



Extreme scale Time of 100 o.s 
readings. dilations. 



Computation. 




10 
20 
30 
40 
50 



45.5 
39.4 
33.3 
27.2 
21.1 
14.9 



100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 



44.9 
39.0 
32.9 
28. 7 
20.8 
14.8 



Means 



84.0 



85.5 



86.5 
85.3 



16.1 



24.7 



31.1 



70.8 



62.9 



56.1 



59.4 
59.6 
59.6 
59.5 
59.7 
59.9 



8 59.62 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



330 

60 

240 

330 



Scale. 



31. 1 j 56. 1 



22.0 
17.3 
S3. 1 



69.0 
68.4 
54.6 



Mean. 



43.60 
45.50 
42.85 
43.85 



Differ- 
ences. 



1.90 
2.65 
1.00 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



Mean » = 1. 39 



t) = 5'.13 
5400' +i>' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1 + 



Logarithms. 



3. 73281 
6. 26761 



0. 00042 



Observed time of 100 oscillations 539. 62 

Time of one oscillation 5. 3962 

Correction for rate +0. 0006 

2" = 5. 3968 



t'-t= 



-1°7 

ir 2 Jlf 

Temp. (=87°.0 



Log'ms. 
T 0.73214- 



T 2 1.46427 

1 + 4 0.00042 

l-(t'-t)q 0.00063 

T* 1.46532 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKEOVV, ALASKA. 



575 



G'j , rralior.s to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L n &c. — Continued. 

[Date, June 17, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring suspended. Chronometer, 

Bond No. 188. Obsorver, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 

24 
32 

40 



80 
88 
96 
104 
11*2 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



m. 8. 

24 48.1 

25 49.9 

26 51. 9 

27 54.0 

28 55.9 

29 57.9 



35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 



10.2 
12.1 
14.1 
16.2 
18.1 
20.0 



Means 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


86.5 


30.5 


61.9 


87.5 


33.9 


58.9 


88.0 


39.9 


50.9 


87.3 







Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



10 



22.1 
22.2 
22.2 
22.2 
22.2 
22.1 



10 22.17 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



330 

60 

240 

330 



Scale. 



39.9 
34.2 
16.9 
31.1 



50.9 
61.9 



Mean. 



45.40 
48.05 
43.35 

45.45 



Differ- 
ences. 



2.65 
4.70 
2.10 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



Mean v =2.36 



t> = 8'.71 

5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1 + 4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73309 
6. 26761 



0. 00070 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 622. 17 

Time of one oscillation 7. 7771 

Correction for rate +0. 000'J 

T'= 7.7780 



V— 1 = +0.3 



mH: 



**M 



j>2 

Temp, t =870.0 



l-(t<- 



J»2 

1+ 7 

-t)q 

2"2 



Log'ms. 

0. 89087 

1. 78174 

0. 00070 
9. 99989 

1. 78233 



[Date. June 17, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L. 

Bond No. 188. Observer, M. Smith.) 



Mass ring not used. Chronometer, 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale j Time of 100 03- 
readings. cillations. 



Computation. 




10 
20 
30 
40 
50 



100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 



•m. 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 



52.2 
46.1 
40.2 
34.3 
28.4 
22.5 



52.9 
47.0 
41.0 
35.1 
29.3 



05 23.2 
Means 



87.0 



87.5 



88.5 
87.7 



22.1 



27.5 



32.9 



59.1 



53.3 



9 00.7 
00.9 
00.8 
00.8 
00.9 
00.7 



9 00.80 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


330 


32.9 


53.3 


43.10 


60 


14.2 


75.8 


45.00 


240 33. 1 


50.9 


42.00 


330 


20.5 


65.9 


43.20 



Differ- 
ences. 



1.90 
3.00 
1.20 



Value of one scale 
division=3'.69 



Mean v — 1. 52 



« = 5'.61 
5400' + V 
5400 (ar. co.) 

m4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73284 
6. 26761 



0. 00045 



Observed time of 100 oscillations 540. 80 

Time of one oscillation 5.4080 

Correction for rate +0.0006 

T'= 5. 4086 



f— £ = +0.7 

mR- 

Temp. (=87".0 



_ tr»Jf 



1" 

1+ 7 

X-(t'—t)q 



Log'ms. 
0.73308 

1.46617 
0. 00045 
9. 99974 
T' 1. 46636 



576 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L in &c. — ContiDued. 

[Date, June 17, 1881. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument.No.il. Magnet, L„. Mass ring suspended. Chronometer, Bond 

No. 188. Observer M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 

5 17 45. 1 

18 47. 1 

19 49.0 

20 51.1 

21 53. 2 

22 55.3 


89.0 
89.5 

89.5 
89.3 


22.9 

28.1 

33.9 


70.1 
66.2 

59.2 


m. s. 

10 20.8 
20.9 
20.9 
20.8 
20.9 
20.9 


1 

s. 
Observed time of 80 oscillations 620.87 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


5 28 05.9 

29 08.0 

30 09. 9 

31 11.9 

32 14. 1 

33 16. 2 

Means 


Correction for rate + 0. 0009 




2"= 7.7618 

Log'ms. 
I' 0. 88996 


10 20.87 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.09 


Logarithms. 


«' — « = +2.°3 V 2 1.77992 

1+* 0.00031 

T* l—(V — tq) 0.99915 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


Temp. t = 87°.0 T 3 1.77938 


330 

60 

240 

330 


33.9 
31.9 
33.9 
27.5 


59.2 
62.8 
62.9 
73.8 


1 
46.55 

47.35 

48.40 

50.65 


0.80 
1.05 
2.25 


j)=3'.76 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73270 
6. 26761 


0. 00031 


Mean w = 1.02 


1 







TDate June 17 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, Bond 

No. 188. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



10 

20 
30 
40 
50 


h. tn. s. 

5 51 43.1 

52 37. 2 

53 31.1 

54 25.3 

55 19. 4 

56 13.5 


89.5 
90.0 

91.0 


12.9 
21.1 

29.8 ' 


73.4 
64.9 

56.4 


m. «. 

9 01.4 
01.7 
01.9 
01.8 
01.7 
01.6 


s. 

Observed time of 100 oscillations 541.68 

Time of one oscillation 5. 4168 


100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 


6 00 44.5 

01 38.9 

02 33. 

03 27. 1 

04 21. 1 

05 15. 1 


T'= 5.4174 


Means 90. 2 


9 01.68 


Log'ros. 
T 0. 73379 


Coefficient of torsion. 






V — «=-f3. »2 2** 1.46758 
2 , f 1 + A 0.00041 
T* l — (t' — t)q 9.99882 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


dlvislon^cg 6 i^gaiiuinw. 


Temp.t=87°.0 T 2 1.46681 


330 

60 

240 

330 


29.8 
32.6 
13.5 
32.9 


56.4 
57.1 
70.9 
53.7 


43.10 
44.85 
42.20 
43.30 


1.75 
2.65 

1.10 


t> = 6'.06 
5400' + v 1 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73280 
6. 20761 


0.00041 


Mean »=1. 37 


1+ 


ft 

7 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



577 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L in &c. — Continued. 

[Date, Juno 17, 1881. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring suspended. Chronometer, Bond 

No. 188. Observer, M. S.J 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Tomp. 

V 



Extreme scale 
leadings. 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



m. 
18 
19 
'20 
21 
22 
23 



39. 9 

42.0 
44.1 
40.0 
48.0 
50.1 



80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 



29 
.30 
31 
32 
33 
34 



01.1 
03.2 
05.4 
07.5 
09.7 
11.9 



91.0 



92.0 



92.5 



18.9 



24.9 



37.1 



Means 



91.8 



74.1 



8.2 



55.8 



21.2 
21.2 
21.3 
21.5 
21.7 
21.8 



10 21.45 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


330 


31.7 


55.8 


40.45 


60 


29.1 


69.6 


49.35 


210 


12.2 


77.9 


45.05 


330 


15.5 


77.9 


46.70 



Differ- 



2.90 
4.30 
1.65 



Mean v=2. 21 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



0=8'. 15 
5400' + «' 
5400 (ar. CO.) 



Logarithms. 



3. 73305 
6.20701 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 621.45 

Time of one oscillation X 7.7681 

Correction for rate 0u09 

T> = 7. 7C90 



Log'ius. 
T 0. K9037 



-« = + 4. 



mH= 



trW 



2*2 

Temp. < = 87°.0 



2" 2 1. 78073 

1+-- 0. 00060 
/ 

l_(t'_i) 9 9.99823 



T 1 1.77902 



[Date, June 17, 1881. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chronometer, Bond 

No. 188. Observer, M. S.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 






10 
20 

30 
40 
50 


ft. m. s. 
6 49 52.9 

50 47.2 

51 41. 1 

52 35.2 

53 29.3 

54 23.4 


91.0 
92.0 

92.5 


32.1 
35.1 

32.9 


53.1 
50.9 

48.1 


m. s. 

9 01.1 
00.9 
01.2 
01.2 
01.2 
01-3 


Observed time of 100 oscillations 


s. 
541.15 


100 
110 
120 
130 
140 
150 


6 58 54.0 
59 48.1 

7 00 42.3 

01 36. 4 

02 30.5 

03 24.7 


5.4115 

..' -f 0.0006 




«' — <= + 4. 8 

T 2 1- 

Temp. t = 87°. 


T— 5.4121 


Means 


91.8 




9 01.15 


Log'ms. 
T 0.73337— 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 


Logarithms. 


2*2 1.46673 

1 + A 0.00003 

(t' — t)g 9.99823 

2' 2 1.46559 

1 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


330 

60 

240 

330 


32.9 

27.2 
10. 1 
32.9 


48.1 
62.7 
68.0 
53.4 


40.50 
44.95 
42.05 
43.15 


4.45 
2.90 

1.10 


= 7'. 79 

5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73302 
6. 26701 


0. 00063 


Mean v — 2. 11 




1 + 


ft 
/ 





H. Ex. 41- 



■73 



578 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of. the long magnet L ir &c— Continued. 

[Date, January 28, 1884. Station, 'Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Sidereal 
chronometer, K< ssuls No. 1237 ; daily rate, 4 m .06".0, gaining on mean time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 




10 
20 
31 

41 
51 



100 
110 
120 
131 
141 
151 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. m. 
6 42 



37.5 

43 31.5 

44 25.5 

45 24. 6 
4G IS. 5 
47 12. 5 



51 37.8 

52 31.7 

53 25.6 

54 24. 6 

55 18.5 

56 12.5 

Means 



Temp. Extreme scale 



Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 



44.0 



44.5 



45.0 



45.5 



24.8 



25.0 



27.0 



29.9 



44.75 



59.2 



59.4 



58.0 



56.3 



9 00.3 
00.2 
00.1 
00.0 
00.0 
00.0 



9 00.10 



Computation. 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



I 
Scale. I Mean. 



Differ- | 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



Logarithms. 



64 
154 
334 

64 



29.9 
30.0 
24.2 
28.0 



56.3 
65.8 
55.8 
63.0 



43.1 
47.9 
40.0 
45.5 



4.8 



5.5 



Mean v = 4.55 



« = l'C'.i 

5400' +»' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

h 
1 + 7 



3. 73374 
6. 26761 



0. 00135 



s. 

Observed time of 100 oscillations 540. 10 

Time of one oscillation 5.4010 

Correction for rate — 0. 0153 

T'= 5.3857 



V 



0. 00085 
-1°. 25 



Log'rns. 
T' 0. 73124 



= T i 



mS- 
Temp. «=46°.0 



l-<* 



2" 2 1.46248 
h 

. + y 0.00135 

—t)q 0.00046 



T 3 1.46429 



[Date, January 28, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Sidereal 
chronometer, Kessels No. 1237; daily rate, 4 m .06 5 .0, gainiuj. on mean time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 





10 
20 
31 
41 
51 



100 
110 
120 
131 
141 
151 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. 
1 



12.6 
30.5 
4<*. 
13.3 

30.7 
48. 2 



7 29 08. 5 

30 25. 9 

31 43.5 

33 (.'8. 

34 2r>. 3 

35 42.9 

Means 



Temp. 
V 



Extreme scale : Time of 100 os- 
readings. dilations. 



45 



45 



45.5 



46.0 



45.4 



23.4 



25.0 



30.0 



36.8 



77.0 


79.0 


75.4 


72.4 



12 


55.9 




55.4 




55, 5 




54.7 




54.6 




54.7 


12 


55.13 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



32 


36.8 


72.4 


122 


55.0 


65.6 


302 


44.4 


57.4 


32 


54.6 


57. G 



Mean. 

54.6 
60.3 
50.9 
56.1 



Differ- 
ences. 



5.7 
9.4 
5.2 



Mean u = 5.i 



Value of one scale- T „ arithm <, 
division=3'.69 logarithms. 



w = 18'.7 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

h 

1 + 7 



3. 73390 
6. 26761 



0. 00151 



Computation. 



S. 

Observed time of 100 oscillations 775. 13 

Time of one oscillation 7.7513 

Correction for rate — 0. 0220 

2"= 7.7293 



t'—t 



-0°.6 






h 

l — (t' — t)q 



Log'ms. 
0. 88814 

1. 77628 
0.00151 
0. 00022 



Temp. < = 46°.0 



T' 1.77801 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



579 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L u &c. — Continued. 

[Date, January 28, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Sidereal 
chronometer, Kessels No. 1237 ; daily rate, 4"' OG s .O, gaining on mean time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 

time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 98 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



10 
20 
31 
41 
51 


h. m. s. 
7 52 35.6 

53 29.6 

54 23. 6 

55 22. 5 

56 16.5 

57 10. 6 


46. 

46.5 
46.5 

47.0 
46.5 


25.0 

29.0 
30.2 

34.6 


62.0 

58.0 
56.6 

53.4 


TO. *. 

8 49.6 
49.8 
49.7 
49.2 
49.2 
49.8 


Observed time of 98 oscillations. . 
Time of one oscillation 




8. 

529. 55 
5. 4030 
—.0153 


98 
108 
118 
129 
139 
149 


8 01 25. 2 

02 19.4 

03 13.3 

04 11.7 

05 05. 7 

06 00. 4 




t — 1 = + 0.5 

2-2 l_ 
Temp. «^=46°. 


T = 

T 
•pi 

1+ 7 

-(t'—t)q 


5. 3883 


Means 


8 49.55 


1 
Log'ms. 
0.73145 


Coefficient of torsion. 


1 




1 
V teon=3'.6f Logarithms. 


L 46290 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


0.00119 
9. 99982 
1. 4G391 


32 
122 
302 

32 


34.6 
41.4 
28.0 
40.6 


53.4 
54.2 
52.2 
48.6 


44.0 
47.8 
40.1 
44.6 


3.8 
7.7 
4.5 


»=14'.8 

5400' -fa' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73358 
6. 26761 




i 




0. 00119 


Mean v=4. 00 


1 + 


ft 
/ 





[Date, January 28, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet, L„. Sidereal 
chronometer, Kessels No. 1237, daily rate, 4"' 06 s .0, gaining on mean time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 





10 
20 
31 
41 
51 



100 
110 
120 
131 
141 
151 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. m. s. 

8 25 07.0 

26 25. 

27 42.6 

29 08.6 

30 26.5 

31 44.1 



38 03.6 

39 21.1 

40 38.9 

42 04. 6 

43 22. 5 

44 40.2 

Means 



Temp. Extremo scale > Timeof 100 os- 
V readings. dilations. 



46.5 



46.5 



46.5 
46.5 



10.0 



06.0 



9.0 



13.8 



61.0 



63.0 



62.0 



60.0 



56.6 
56.1 
56.3 
56.0 
56.0 
56. 1 



12 56.18 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



Mean. 



43 13.8 
133 I 16.4 



313 
43 



14.4 
19.2 



60.0 
68.4 

50. 4 
55.0 



36.9 
42.4 
32.4 
37. 1 



Differ- 
ences. 



Value of one scale 
division =3'. 69 



Logarithms. 



5.5 

10.0 
4.7 



Mean w=5. 05 



u=18'.6 
5400'+)/ 
5100 (ar. co.) 

M-4 



3. 73389 
6. 267G1 



0.00150 



Computation. 



s. 

Observed time of 100 oscillations 776. 1 8 

Time of one oscillation 7. 7618 

Correction for rate — 0. 0220 

2*= 7.7398 



V— 1=+0. 5 



mH= 



j'l 



-if 



Temp t — 4"° 



rp/2 

1+ 7 

t)q 



Logms. 

0. 88873 

1. 77746 
0.00150 
9. 99982 
1. 77878 



580 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Observations to determine the moment of mass of the long magnet L in &e. — Continued. 

[Date, January 28, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring. 
Sidereal chronometer, Kessels No. 1237 ; daily rate, 4 m 06 s . 0, gaining on mean time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


46.5 


21.0 


73.0 


46.5 


30.0 


67.4 


46.5 


'30.0 


65.8 


46.5 


35.0 


63.0 


46.5 



Time of 100 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 




10 
20 
31 
41 
51 



m. 
01 
02 
03 
04 
05 
06 



39.0 
33.3 
27.5 
25.6 
19.5 
13.3 



100 
110 
120 
131 
141 
151 



10 



39.5 
33.7 
28.0 
25.3 
19.3 
13.4 



00.5 
00.4 
00.5 
59.7 
59.8 
60.1 



Means 



9 00.17 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



43 
133 
313 

43 



Scale. Mean. 



35.0 
42.6 
36.0 
34.0 



63.0 
62.0 
56.4 
64.4 



49.0 
52.3 
46.2 
49.2 



Differ- 



3.3 
6.1 
3.0 



Mean v = 3. 10 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 



1> = 11'.4 
5400' + D' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

i+4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73331 
6. 26761 



0. 00092 



Observed time of 100 oscillations 540.17 

Time of one oscillation 5.4017 

Correction for rate — 0.0153 

T'= 5.3864 



t'—t=+Q°.5 
Temp. t = 46°.0 



JV2 

'+7 

t-(t'-t)q 



Log'ms. 

0. 73130 

1. 46260 
0. 00092 



T 2 1.46334 



Observations for dip and relative intensity. 

[Date, January 30, 1884. Station, Magnetic Observatory, near corner of B and First streets southeast, "Washington, D. C. Dip circle No. 23 
(Kew). Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, l b 20 m p. m. ; time of ending, 49™ p. m (75th meridian time). J 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in ma.znetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circlo east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


s: 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. I N. 


o ' 

70 17 

16 


/ 

69 58 

57 


O ' 

70 16 
15 


O 1 

69 55 

55 


O ' 

71 48 

48 


o / 
71 25 

24 


/ 

70 43 
43 


o / 

70 24 

24 


o / 

70 56 

54 


o / 

70 32 

31 


o / 

70 51 

50 


o t 

70 34 

33 


o / 

70 58 

57 


o / 

70 36 

35 


| 

o / ! ° ' 

70 47 170 35 
46 | 34 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 54° 39' 
Needle S. 55 31 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 55 00 
Needle S. 52 40 


70 16. 5 69 57. 5 


70 15. 5 


69 55 


71 48 


71 24.5 


70 43 


70 24 


70 55 


70 31. 5 


70 50. 5 


70 33. 5 


70 57. 5^0 35. 5 


70 46. 5 70 34. 5 


70° 07'. 


70° 05'. 2 


71° 36'. 3 


70° 33'. 5 


70° 43'. 2 


70° 42'. 


70° 46'. 5 


70° 40'. 5 


70° 06'. 1 


71° 04'. 9 


70° 42'. 6 


70° 43'. 5 


Mag. mer. 54 27. 5 


Mean 


70° 35'. 5 


Mean . 70° 43'. 1 




Eesnlting d 


ip, 70° 39'.3 



[Date, Januarj 


30,1881. Station, Washington, D. 


C. Needle No. 2. Observer, 
ending, 35™ p. m.] 


J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning 


, 2 h 05™ p. m. ; time of 


Porlarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vortical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


' N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

71 20 
20 


O ' 

71 01 

00 


o / 

71 01 

00 


O ' 

70 42 
42 


o ' 

70 29 
29 


70 10 
08 


o / 

70 19 

19 


o / 

70 00 

00 


o 1 

70 48 

48 


o / 

70 28 

27 


/ 

70 12 
12 


o / 

69 46 

46 


O ' 

71 22 

22 


o / 

71 00 

00 


/ 

70 40 
40 


O 1 

70 18 
18 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 57° 00' 
Needle S. 55 40 

Circle S. 
Needle N. 54 36 
NeedleS. 53 38 


71 20 


71 00. 5 


71 00. 5 70 42 

1 


70 29 70 09 


70 19 


70 00 


70 48 


70 27. 5 


70 12 


69 46 


71 22 


71 00 


70 40 |70 18 


71° 10'. 2 


70° 51'. 2 


70° 19'. 


70° 09'. 5 


70° 37'. 8 


69° 59'. 


71° 11'. 


70° 29'. 






70° 18'. 4 


70° 


50'. 


Mag. mer. 55 13. 5 


Mean 


70° 37'. 5 




Mean 


70° 34'. 2 








Eesnlting c 


ip, 70° 35'.9 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BABBOW, ALASKA. 



581 



[Date, January 3C, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 (extra) used in place, of needle No. 1, which was broken in transitu from 
Point Barrow to Washington. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 2 h 50™ p. m. ; time of ending, 3 h 20 ra p. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. I N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

71 06 

05 


o / 

70 46 

45 


o / 
70 00 
69 49 


O I 

69 38 
38 


o / o / 

70 56 70 31 

56 31 


O ' 

70 31 
31 


o / 
70 09 
09 


o / 

70 29 
29 


70 05 
05 


O ' 

70 50 
50 


o / 

70 31 

31 


o / 

70 50 

50 


o / 
70 24 
24 


o / 
71 11 
11 


o / 

70 51 

51 


Circle iV. 

Needle N. 56° 40' 
Needle S. 56 09 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 55 36 
Needle S. 55 05 


71 05. 5 


70 45. 5 


69 54. 5 69 38 
1 


70 56 


70 31 


70 31 


70 09 


70 29 


70 05 


70 50 


70 31 


70 50 


70 24 


71 11 


70 5:1 


70° hV. 5 


69° 46'. 3 


70° 43'. 5 


70° 20'. 


70° 17'. 


70° 40'. 5 


70° 37'. 


71° 01'. 


70° 20'. 9 


70° 31'. 7 


70° 28'. 8 


71° 


49'. 


Mag. Mer. 55 52. 5 




. 70°26'.3 




. 70° 38'.9 






Kesulting 


dip, 70° 32'. 6 







Observations for relative total intensity. 

[Date, January 30, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time 
of beginning, 3 h SO" 1 p. m. ; time of ending, 50" 1 p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 52'.0] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. j 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
71 52 

48 


o / 
71 54 
50 


O ' 

33 55 
53 


o , 

33 04 

02 j 


o , 

41 30 
26 


O ' 

40 56 
52 


o / 

41 38 

34 


o / 
41 02 
40 58 


o / 

42 07 

11 


o / 

41 01 

05 


o / 
44 06 
10 


o / 
42 50 
54 


71 50 


71 52 


33 54 


33 03 


41 28 


40 54 


41 36 


41 00 


42 09 


41 03 


44 08 


42 52 


71° 51'. 


33° 28'. 5 


41° 11'. 


41° 18'. 


41° 30'. 


43° 30'. 




41° 14'. 5 


42° 33'. 


Mean .- 37° 20'. 2-u'o 


Mean 41° 53'.8— ijc, 



[Date, January 31, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 9 h hh™ a. m.; time ol 

ending, 10 h 22™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polanty of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

70 55 
55 


o t 

70 37 

36 


o ' 

71 13 
12 


/ 

70 49 
49 


O ' 

70 30 
29 


/ 

70 10 
10 


O ' 

70 47 
47 


o ' 

70 26 
25 


o / 

70 31 

31 


o / 

70 13 
13 


o / 

70 44 

43 


o / 

70 24 
23 


o / 

70 58 

57 


o / 

70 38 
37 


o / 

71 08 

08 


O ' 

70 43 
43 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 54° 52' 
Needle S. 53 12 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 56 26 
Needle S. 53 42 


70 55 


70 36. 5 


71 12. 5 


70 49 


70 29. 5 


70 10 


70 47 


70 25. 5 


70 31 J70 13 


70 43.5 


70 23.5 


70 57. 5 


70 37. 5 


71 08 70 43 


70° 45'. 7 


71° 00'. 7 


70° 19'. 8 


70° 36'. 2 


70° 22'. 


70° 33'. 5 


70° 47'. 5 


70° 55'. 5 


Mag. mer. 54 33 


70° 53'. 2 


70° : 


8'.0 


70° 5 


7'. 7 


70° 51'. 5 


Mean 


. 70° 40'. 6 




Mean 70° 39'. 6 






Resulting i 


lip, 70° 40'. 1 





582 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, January 31,1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning 
lC 44 m a. m. ; time of ending 56 m a. m. Magnetic meridian reads 54° 38'.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 derl 


;cting. 
east, 
east. 


Needle 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

mic. D, 

fac6 east. 


Circle 

mic 

face 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Cii cle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

72 24 

20 


o / 

72 13 

08 


o / 

33 39 

36 


o / 

33 11 

08 


' ° ' 

41 06 ; 40 22 

04 24 


o / 
41 45 
44 ■ 


o / 

40 59 

58 


o / 

41 43 

4! 


O ' 

40 54 
52 


o / 

42 45 

43 


O I 

41 48 
47 


72 22 


72 10. 5 


33 37. 5 


33 09. 5 


41 05 40 23 


41 44. 5 40 58. 5 


41 42 


40 53 


42 44 


41 47. 5 


72° 16'. 3 


33° 23'. 5 


40° 44'. 


41° 21. 5 


41° 17'. 5 


42° 15'. 7 




41° 02'. 8 


41° 46'. 6 


Mean 37° 10'. 1— u'o 


Mean 41° 24'. 7-i)„ 



[Date, January 31, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of 
beginning, 10 h 57 m a. m. ; time of ending^ ll b a. m. Magnetic meridian reads 54° 33'.] 



NeedleNo. 3, No. 4dcftecting. 


Needle 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east. 

mic. K, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
lace west. 


Circle west, | Circle east, 
face east. \ face west. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


S. 


N. ! S. 


N. 


; s. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

71 50 
46 


o / o / 
72 07 133 40 
02 J 38 


o / 
33 02 
00 


1 o / 

41 12 

08 


o / 
40 39 
35 


O / 10/ 

41 57 |41 18 
53 14 


/ 

41 35 

38 


O ' 

40 40 
43 


o / 
41 40 
44 


o / 

40 37 

41 


71 48 


72 04. 5 33 39 


33 01 


41 10 |40 37 


41 55 |41 16 


41 36. 5 


40 41. 5 


41 42 


40 39 


71° 56'. 2 


33° 20'. 


40° 53'. 5 


41° 35'. 5 


41° 09'. 


41° 10'. 5 




41° 


14'. 5 


41° 09'. 7 


Mean 37° 21'. 9 -u'o 


Mean ....41° 12'.1 — ij„ 



{Date, January 31, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 
2 h 02 m p. m. ; time of ending, 22™ p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 54° 33'.] 



Polarity of marked end B norlh. 



Circle east, 
face east. 



171 06 
09 



|71 07. 5 



N. 



o / 
70 28 
31 



70 29. 5 



70° 48'. 5 



Circle east, 
face west. 



o ' 
71 01 
05 



N. 



70 29 
33 



Circle west, 
face east. 



70 37 
32 



Circle west, 
face west. 



N. 



70 32 ;70 31 170 25 

27 27 20 



Polarity of marked end A north. 



Circle west, | Circle west, 



face west. 



N. 



face east. 



70 30 
35 



70 28 |70 28 
23 | 23 



N. 



Circle east, 
face west. 



N. 



70 24 
19 



71 10 170 31 
15 ' 36 



Circle east, 
face east. 



70 45 
50 



71 03 70 31 i70 34. 5 70 29. 5^0 29 70 22. 5 70 32. 5170 25. 5|70 25. 5 70 21. 5 ; 71 12. 5i70 33. 5 
70° 47'. , 70° 32'. 70° 25'. 8 • 70° 29'. 70° 23'. 5 70° 53'. 



70 47. 5 



K. 



70 10 

15 



70 12. 5' 



70° 30'. 



70° 47'. 7 



70° 28'. 9 



70° 26'. 3 



70° 41'. 5 



Mean 70° 38'.3 



Mean 70° 33'.9 



Resulting dip, 70° 36'.1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABROW, ALASKA. 



583 



[Date, January 31, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 
2" 48™ p. m.; time of ending, 3 b 03 m p. m. Magnetic meridian reada 54° 33'.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

71 53 

48 


o / 

71 51 

46 


O ' 

34 05 
03 


o / 

33 10 

08 


o / 

41 36 

34 


o / 
40 48 
46 


o / 

41 41 

43 


O 1 

40 50 
52 


o / 

42 17 

15 


o / 
41 30 

28 


/ 

43 00 
42 56 


O ' 

42 12 
10 


71 50.5 


71 48. 5 


34 04 


33 09 


41 35 


40 47 


41 42 


40 51 


42 16 


41 29 


42 58 


42 11 


71° 49'.5 


33° 36'.5 


410 n>.o 


41° 16'.5 


41° 52'.5 


42° 34'.5 




41° 13'.7 


42° 13'.5 


Mean 37° 17'. 0— u'o 


Mean 41° 43'. 6-tjo 



[Date, January 31, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 
3^ 05™ p. m. ; time of ending, 3 h 22 m p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 54° 33'.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

72 02 
00 


o / 

71 42 

40 


O ' 

34 10 
13 


O ' 

33 06 

10 


o / 

40 53 

49 


o / 

40 13 

08 


o / 
41 19 

15 


o / 

40 45 

41 


o / 

41 46 

50 


o / 

40 39 

43 


o / 

42 23 

27 


o / 

41 20 

24 


72 01 


71 41 


34 11. 5 


33 08 


40 51 


40 10. 5 


41 14 


40 43 


41 48 


40 41 


42 25 


41 22 


71° 51'. 


33° 39'. 8 


40° 30'. 7 


40° 58'. 5 


41° 14'. 5 


41° 53'. 5 




40° 44'.6 


41° 34'.0 


Mean 37° 14'. 6— u'o 


Mean 41° 09'. 3=j)o 



[D»te, February 1, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 2 h 05™ p. m. ; time 

of ending, 2 h 23™ p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 

| 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


s. ; n. 


s. 


N. 


o / 
71 08 

07 


o / 

70 45 

44 


O 1 \ / 

71 23 71 05 

22 i 04 


o / 

70 22 

22 


o / 

70 02 

02 


o / 
70 44 
44. 


O ' 

70 24 
24 


o / 

70 15 

15 


O ' 

69 55 
55 


O ' 

70 46 
46 


O ' 

70 19 
19 


O / or 

70 50 70 30 
50 30 


o / 

71 09 
09 


O ' 

70 49 
49 


71 07. 5 


70 44.5 


71 22. 5 71 04. 5 


70 22 


70 02 


70 44 


70 24 


70 15 


69 55 


70 46 


70 19 


70 50 70 30 


71 09 i 70 49 


70°. 


56'. 


71° 13'. 5 


70° 12'. 


70° 34'. 


70° 05'. 


70° 32'. 5 


70° 40'. 


70° 59'. 


71° 04'. 8 


70° 23'. 


70° 18'. 7 70° 49'. 5 


Mean 70° 43'. 9 


Mean 70° 34'. 1 


Koaultimg dip, 70° 3&. 



5S4 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, February 1, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 (extra) . Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 2 h 28 m p. m. 

time of ending, 2 h 52 m p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° UO'.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. i N. 


S. 


1ST. 


S. j N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


o / 

71 50 

49 


O f 

71 24 
23 


O ' 

70 04 
04 


o / 

69 44 

43 


o / 

70 30 

30 


o / 

70 03 

03 


o / 

70 37 
37 


o / 

70 14 

14 


/ 

70 50 
50 


70 25 

25 


o / o / 
72 02 | 71 40 

02 j 40 


O I 

70 53 
53 


/ 

70 30 

30 


O ' 1 o / 

71 13 i 70 50 

13 1 50 


71 49. 5 


71 23. 5 


70 04 


69 43. 5 


70 30 


70 03 


70 37 


70 14 


70 50 


70 25 


72 02 71 40 


70 53 1 70 30 


71 13 


70 50 


71° 36'. 5 


69° 53'. 8 


70° 16'. 5 


70° 25'. 5 


70° 37'. 5 


71° 51'. 


70° 41'. 5 


71° 01'. 5 


70° 4 


5'. 2 


70° 21'. 


70° 44'. 3 


70° 


51'. 5 


Mean 70° 33'. 1 




Mean 


70° 47'. 9 




Kesulting dip, 70° 40'. 5 



[Date, February 1, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 
9i] 54™ p. m. ; time of ending, 3' 1 10 m p. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'. 1 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


I 




Needle No. 4, weighted. 






Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. 11, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

72 05 
03 


/ 

71 53 
50 


o / 

34 09 

07 


o / 

33 16 

14 


o / 
40 53 
48 


o / 
40 19 
15 


o / 
41 43 
38 


o / 
41 01 
40 57 


' 

41 50 
55 


o / 
40 52 
56 


O ' 

42 27 
22 


o / 
41 20 
25 


72 04 


71 51. 5 


34 08 


33 15 1 


40 50. 5 


40 17 


41 40. 5j 40 59 41 52. 5 1 40 54 

1 1 


42 24. 5 


41 22. 5 


71° 57'. 7 


33° 41'. 5 


40° 33'.8 


41° 19'.8 


41° 23'.3 


41° 53'.5 




40° 56'.8 


41° 38'.4 


Mean 37° 10'. 4— u'o 


Mean 41° 17'.6— rjo 



[Date, February 2, 1884. Station, Washington. D. C. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 11' 50™ a.m. 
time of ending, h 12"> p. m. ; magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west.. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

73 43 

42 


O ' 

70 23 
22 


O ' 

71 00 
70 59 


o / 

70 40 

39 


a i 

70 10 

10 


/ 

69 50 

50 


o / 

70 45 

45 


o / 

70 21 

21 


/ 

70 35 
35 


O 1 

70 15 
15 


» 

70 39 
39 


o / 

70 14 

14 


o / 

70 53 

53 


o / 

70 35 

35 


71 20 
20 


o / 

70 58 

58 


70 42. 5j 70 22. 5 


70 59. 5 70 39. 5 


70 10 


69 50 


70 45 


70 21 


70 35 


70 15 


70 39 


70 14 


70 53 


70 35 


71 20 


70 58 j 


70° 32'.5 


70° 49'.5 


70° OO'.O 


70° 33'.0 


70° 25'.0 


70° 26'. 5 


70° 44'.0 


71° 09'.0 


70° 


41'.0 


70° 


16'.5 


70° 


25'.7 


70° 


>6'.5 






70° 28'.8 






..70° 41'. 1 




Kesulting dip, 70° 35'. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



585 



[February 2, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 2, extra (this needle now takes the place of the broken needle 1 ). Observer, 
J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 10 h 20" a. m. ; time of ending, 10 b 50™ a. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle east, 
face cast. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

71 35 

40 


o / 

70 59 

71 04 


o / 

70 36 

41 


o / 

69 57 

70 02 


o / 

70 13 

08 


o / 

70 05 

00 


o / 
69 53 

48 


o / 

69 43 

38 


o / 

70 56 

51 


1 

70 46 

41 


1 

70 10 

05 


/ 
70 03 
69 58 


/ 

71 42 

46 


/ 

71 08 

12 


/ 

71 30 

34 


/ 

70 55 

59 


71 37. 5 


71 01.5 


70 38. 5 69. 59. 5 

| 


70 10. 5 


70 02. 5 


69 50. 5 


69 40. 5 


70 53. 5! 70 43. 5 

! 


70 07. 5 


70 00. 5 


71 44 71 10 


71 32 


70 57 


71° 19'. 5 


70° 19'. 


70° 06'. 5 


69° 45'. 5 


70° 48'. 5 


70° 04'. 


71° 27'. 


71° 14'. 5 


70° 49'. 2 


69° 


56'. 


70° 26'. 2 


71° 20'. 8 






. 70° 22'. 1 




Mean ... 70° 53'. 5 


Resulting dip, 70° 37'. 8 



[Date, February 2, 1884. Station, Washington, B. C. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 10 h 55™ a. m. 
time of ending, ll u 15™ a. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'.] 





Polarity of mar 


ced end B north. 




Polarity of marked end A north. 




Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

71 08 

12 


/ 

70 30 

35 


/ 
71 13 

17 


/ 

70 42 

46 


/ 

70 35 

31 


/ 
70 23 

18 


/ 

70 10 

05 


' 
70 00 
69 55 


/ 

70 30 

25 


* 

70 19 

14 


/ 

70 22 

17 


/ 

70 10 

05 


/ 

71 12 

17 


1 

70 38 

43 


/ 

70 52 

56 


/ 

70 20 

24 


71 10 


70 32. 5 


71 15 


70 44 


70 33 : 70 20. 5 


70 07. 5 69 57. 5 


70 27. 5' 70 16. 5 


70 19. 5 


70 07. 5 


71 14. 5 


17 40. 5 


70 54 


70 22 


70° 51'. 3 


70° 59'. 5 


70° 26'. 7 


70° 02'. 5 


70° 22'. 


70° 13'. 5 


70° 57'. 5 


70° 38'. 


70° 


55'. 4 


70° 14'. 6 


70° 


17'. 8 


70° 


17'. 8 




Mean 


70° 35>. 


Mean 70° 32'. 8 






Pesnlting d 


ip, 70° 33'. 9 







[Date, February 2, 1884. Station, Washington, T>. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 
ll h 20 m a. m. ; time of ending, ll h 45"" a. m. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 00'J. 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle eas4, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. E, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


"N. ■ 


/ 

71 52 

52 


/ 

71 34 

34 


/ 

34 06 

10 


/ 

33 14 

18 


71 52 


71 34 


34 08 


33 16 


71° 43'. 


33° 42'. 









Needle No. 4, weighted- 






Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

42 28 

' 27 


/ 

41 37 

36 


1 

42 13 

12 


/ 

41 28 

27 


/ 

41 33 

33 


/ 

40 41 

41 


/ 

42 18 

18 


/ 

41 40 

40 


42 27. 5 


41 36. 5 


42 12. 5 41 27. 5 


41 33 


40 41 


42 18 


41 40 


42° 02'. 


41° 50'. 


41° 07'. 


41° 59'. 


41° 


56'.0 


41° 


33'.0 



Mean 37° 17'. 5= 



Mean 41° 44'.5=j)o 



B. Ex. 44- 



-74 



583 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Set 1. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, 9 h 45" 1 a. m. (75th meridian time.) Magnetic 
meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing out. 




Needle 4, 


weighted. 




Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

33 08 

06 


o / 

34 20 

18 


O / / 

72 02 71 50 
71 58 j 46 


o / 

40 22 

24 


o / 

39 50 

52 


o / 

41 13 

15 


o / 

40 24 
26 


O ' 

42 14 
16 


o / 

41 26 

24 


/ 

42 44 
42 


o t 

41 53 

51 


33 07 


34 19 


72 00 


71 48 


40 23 


39 51 


41 14 ' 40 25 


42 15 


41 25 


42 43 


41 52 


33° 43' 


71° 54' 


40° 07' 


40° 49'.5 


41° 50' 


42° 17'.5 




40° 28'.2 


42° 03'.8 


37°ll'.5 = w'o 




Mean 


U° 16'= uu 





Set 2. 

[Date, Febi-uary 15, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.1 



Deflecting needle facing out. 


Needle 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 1 Circle west, 
face west. ! face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 

i 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

34 06 
04 


O ' 

33 06 
04 


o / 

71 59 
55 


o / 

71 51 

47 


Ol o / 

40 52 ', 40 16 
48 ; 12 


o r 

41 10 

06 


o / 

40 30 

26 


/ 

42 12 
10 


/ 

41 11 
15 


o / 

42 25 

23 


o / 

41 20 

18 


34 05 i 33 05 ' 71 57 

! I 


71 49 jl 40 50 ' 40 14 ! 41 08 ' 40 28 


42 11 


41 13 


42 24 


41 19 


33° 35' 71° 53' || 40° 32' 40° 48' 


41° 42' 


41° 51'.5 


40° 40' 


41° 46'.8 


37° 16'— u'o Mean 41° 13'. 4— tjo 



Set 3. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing out. 


Needle 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D., 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. E., 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, Circle east, 
face west. face east. 

1 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


1 

33 55 
59 


o / 

32 56 

33 00 


o / 

71 51 

53 


o / 

71 32 

30 


/ o / 

41 15 | 40 28 

13 i 26 


o / 

40 44 

46 


o / 

39 57 

59 


O 1 

42 03 
01 


o / 

41 17 

15 


O ' 

42 14 
12 


o / 

41 20 

18 


33 57 32 58 


71 52 


71 31 


41 14 1 40 27 


40 45 


39 58 


42 02 


41 16 


42 13 


41 19 


33° 27'. 5 


71° 41'. 5 


40° 50'. 5 


40° 21'. 5 


41° 39> 


41° 46' 




40° 36' 


41° 42'. 5 


37° 25'. 5=M'e 


Mean 41° 09'.2=ijo 



I 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



587 



Set 4. 



[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle i'u. 3 suspended, 4 deflecting. Ob- 
server, J. E. Maxfield.^ Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.1 



Deflecting needle facing in. 




Needle 4, 


■weighted. 




Circle east, 
Mic. D., 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R., 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O t O I O ' ' 

34 02 33 1C 71 49 I 71 42 
00 08 45 ! 38 


40 44 
40 


o , 

40 15 

11 


O ' 

40 30 
26 


O 1 

40 00 
39 56 


o / 

41 43 

47 


O ' 

40 46 
50 


o / 

42 21 

25 


o / 

41 18 

22 


34 01 33 09 


71 47 ' 71 40 


40 42 


40 13 


40 28 


39 58 


41 45 


40 48 


42 23 


41 20 


33° 35' 


71° 43'. 5 


40° 27'. 5 


40° 13' 


41° 16'. 5 


41° 51'. 5 




40° 20'. 2 


41° 34' 


37° 20'. 8=u' 




Mean 


40° 57'. l=ijo 





Set 5. 



[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, J. E. Maxfield . Needle No. 3 sus- 
pended, No. 4 deflecting. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29*.] 



Deflecting needle facing in. 




Needle 4, 


weighted. 


v 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R. 

face east. 


C ircle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. | 


O 1 

34 28 
30 


O ' 

33 23 

27 


O ' 

71 50 
46 


O - j 

71 30 
26 


, !o , 

42 28 i 41 37 
26 35 


o / 

41 50 

48 


o / 

41 02 

00 


o / 

41 13 

15 


o / 

40 28 

26 


o / 

40 43 

43 


1 
o / j 
40 02 
00 ! 


34 29 


33 25 


71 48 


71 28 


42 27 


41 36 


41 49 41 01 


41 14 40 27 


40 43 


40 01 j 


33° 57' 


71° 38' 


42° 0V.5 


41° 25' 


40° 50'.5 


40° 22' I 




41° 


43'. 2 


40° 


36'.2 




37° 12 


'.5=tt'o 




Mean 


H° 09'.7=7)0 


i 



Set 6. 



[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Observer, -J. E. Maxfield. Needle No. 3 sus- 
pended, No. 4 deflecting. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing out. 


Needle 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
MicD, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

34 03 

01 


o / 

33 07 

05 


o / 

71 51 

47 


/ 

71 48 
41 


o / 

40 36 

38 


O ' 

39 56 

58 


o / 

40 57 

59 


O ' 

40 20 
22 


O l 

41 49 
47 


o / 

41 03 

01 


o / 

42 31 

29 


O ' 

41 37 
35 


34 02 33 00 : 71 49 71 46 


40 37 


39 57 


40 58 


40 21 


41 48 41 02 


42 30 


41 36 


33° 34' 


71° 47'. 5 


40° 17' 


40° 39'. 5 


41° 25' 


42<- 03' 




40° 28'.2 


4l» 44' 


37° 19'.2=M'o 


Me.in, . 41° ffi'.l— yjo 



588 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Set 7. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J" E. Maxfield. Time of ending, ll h 55° a. m. ; magnetic meridian reads 55° 20'.] 



Deflecting needle facing out. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
33 50 

48 


o / 

33 02 

00 


o / 

72 06 

02 


O ' 

71 53 
49 


o / 

40 30 

26 


o / 
39 51 

47 


o / 

41 31 

27 


O I 

40 47 
43 


o / 

41 36 
32 


o / 

40 47 

43 


/ 

42 24 
20 


o / 

41 37 

33 


33 49 


33 01 


72 04 


71 51 


40 28 


39 49 


41 29 


40 45 


41 34 


40 45 


42 22 


41 35 


33° 25' 


71° 57'.5 


40° 08'.5 


41° 07' 


41° 09'.5 


41° 58'.5 




40° 37'.8 


41° 34' 


37°18'.8 = w'o 


Mean 41° 05'. 9 — jjo 



Set 8. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Time of beginning, l 1 ' 00 m p. m. ; magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'. 1 



Deflecting needle facing in. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. ' N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

34 00 
33 58 


O 1 

33 11 
09 


o / 

71 48 

44 


o / 

71 42 
46 


o / 
41 00 
40 56 


o / 

40 26 

22 


O 1 

41 06 
02 


o ; 

40 25 

21 


O / j O ' 

40 49 1 39 57 
53 40 01 


o / 

41 18 

22 


o / 

42 19 

23 


33 59 


33 10 


71 46 


7! 44 


40 58 


40 24 


41 04 


40 23 


40 51 ■ ! 39 59 

i 


41 20 


42 21 


33° 34'.5 


71° 45' 


40° 41' 


40° 43'.5 


40= 25' 


41° 50'.5 




40° 42'.2 


41° 07'.8 


37°20'.2 = it'o 


Mean 40° 55' — tjo 



Set 9. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. 
Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing out. 



Needle No. 4, weighted. 



Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle 

mic 

face 


east, 
■E, 
east. 

N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


o / 

33 30 

32 


o / 

32 30 

32 


c / 

72 25 

27 


o , 

72 04 

02 


33 31 


32 31 


72 26 


72 03 


33*01' 


72° 14'.5 





37° 22'.2=tt'o 



Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

41 21 
23 


o / 

39 59 

40 01 


/ 

41 00 
40 58 


O ' 

40 25 
40 27 


O ' 

41 17 
15 


O 1 

40 24 
22 


O f 

41 20 
18 


o / 

40 34 

32 


41 22 


40 00 


40 59 40 26 


41 16 


40 23 


41 19 


40 33 


40° 41' 


40= 42'.5 


40° 49'.5 


40° 56' 


40° 


41'.8 


40° 


52'.8 



Mean 40° 47'.3=i)o 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



589 



Set 10. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. Ob- 
server, J. E.Maxfield. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing in. 




Needle No. 


4, weighted. 




Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

mic. K, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
34 00 
33 58 


o / 

33 06 

04 


O 1 

71 50 
46 


O 1 

7141 
37 


O 1 

40 28 
26 


O 1 

39 47 
45 


o / 

41 48 

46 


o / 

40 56 
54 


o / 

42 09 

13 


o / 

41 07 
11 


/ 

42 18 
22 


o / 

41 15 

19 


33 59 


33 05 


71 48 


71 39 


40 27 


39 46 


41 47 


40 55 


42 11 


41 09 


42 20 


41 17 


33° 32' 


71° 43'.5 


40° 06'.5 


41° 21' 


41° 40' 


41° 48'. 5 




40° 


43'.8 


41° 44'.2 


37° 22' 


2—u'a 






41° 14'-r,o 





Set 11. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. Ob- 
server, J. E. Maxfield. Magnetic meridian reads 55° 29'.] 



Deflecting, needle facing out. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 
mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

33 54 

52 


o / 

32 58 

56 


o / 

72 10 

08 


o / 

72 04 

02 


o / 

40 42 

38 


O f 

40 06 
02 


O ' 

41 04 
00 


/ 

40 27 
23 


O ' 

41 33 
37 


o / 

40 34 

38 


o / 

42 07 
11 


o / 

41 08 

12 


33 53 


32 57 


72 09 


72 03 


40 40 


40 04 


41 02 


40 25 


41 35 


40 36 


42 09 


41 10 


33° 25' 


72°- OS' 


40° 22' 


40° 43'. 5 


41° W.5 


41° 39'. 8 




40° 32'. 8 


41° 22'. 5 


37° 14'. 5=u'o 


Mean 40° 57'. 6— rjo 



Set 12. 

[Date, February 15, 1884. Station, "Washington, D. C. Needle No. 3 suspended, No. 4 deflecting. Ob- 
server, J. E. Maxfield. Time of ending, 2 h 20 m p. m. ; magnetic meridian reads 55 c 29'.] 



Deflecting needle facing in. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 
mic. B, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

33 58 

34 00 


O ' 

32 56 

58 


o / 

71 48 
52 


o / 

71 30 

34 


o / 

40 38 

36 


o / 

39 55 

53 


o / 

41 15 

17 


O 1 

40 30 
28 


O I 

41 43 

41 


O 1 

40 55 
53 


o / 

41 17 

15 


o / 

42 07 
05 


33 59 


32 57 


71 50 


71 32 


40 37 


39 54 


41 16 


40 29 


41 42 


40 54 


41 16 


42 06 


33° 28' 


71° 41' 


40° 15'. 5 


40° 52'. 5 


41° 18' 


41° 41' 




40° 34' 


41° 29'. 5 


37° 25'. 5=m'o 


Mean 41° 01'. 8— ijo 



==^ 



590 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



DETERMINATION OF THE MOMENT OF MASS {Mi) OF THE MASS MING ACCOMPANYING THEODO- 
LITE MAGNETOMETER NO. 11. 

The mass ring accompanying theodolite magnetometer No. 11 is of brass or gun metal, and 
has no distinguishing mark on it. Its weight was determined at the Coast and Geodetic Survey- 
Office, by E. B. Lefavour, April 29, 1881, and found to be 300.767 grains. 

The following measurements to determine the inner and outer diameters were made at the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey Office by Assistant C. A. Schott: 



1881, April 29. Temp. 77° F. 



Outer diameter. 



3. 778" 
.778 
.780 
.780 



Inner diameter. 



2. 954=' 
2.954 
2.952 
2.952 



3.779 



2.953 



1881, April 30. Temp. 73° F. 



Outer diameter. 



.490 
.490 



Inner diameter. 



1. 160'° 
.159 
.161 
.160 



1. 4895 



1.1600 



Thickness of ruig=0. 529<™=0. 208" 



3. 779<"»=1. 4878 in 
1.4895 

Outer diameter=l. 4886 



2. 953""= 1. 1626" 
L1600 



Inner diameter=l. 1613 



Mi= J <rH-n*) w= 1^M?> 2 + ( 58° 7 ' 'x 300. 767 

9«fi 



(.7443)" = 0. 55398 
(.5807)^0. 33721 



0. 89119 
Mi at 75° FaU.=0. 93070 



0.89119 9.94997 

300. 767 2. 47823 

288 (ar. co.) 7. H40U1 



9. 9GS31 



MOMENT OF MASS (M x ) OF THE MASS RING ACCOMPANYING THEODOLITE MAGNETOMETER NO. 11. 

^=0.93070 at 75° Eah. 
Mi at any temperature t will be 

0.93070 [1+.00002 (£-75)] 



1 Temperature. 


Log Mi. 


10°P. 


9. 96824 


20 


33 


30 


42 


40 


51 


50 


59 


60 


68 


70 


77 


80 


85 


90 


9. 96894 



COMPUTATION OF THE MOMENT OF MASS (M) OF THE LONG MAGNET L,, ACCOMPANYING THE 

THEODOLITE MAGNETOMETER NO. 11. 

[Station, Magnetic Observatory, Washington, D. C. Observer, M. Smith. Date, June 10, 1881.] 





Log's. 


Log's. | Ti 2 2' 2 


2i*-T* i 28.016 1.44741 
1 29.657 (a.c.) 8.52787 


y2 
Tl 2 


1. 44740 
1. 76097 






28 016 


1 Mi 9.96871 




57. 673 




29. 657 ! M at 63.°4 Fah. =0. 87900 9. 94399 
, (G3.4-62) X .0000136 = . 00001904 5. 27907 

Red notion to 02° Fah. = -0. 00002 5. 22366 

M at 62° Fah. =0.87898; w=l 

1 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



591 



[Date, Juno 11, 1881.] 





Log's. 


Log's. 


I\2 T 1 


Ti«-2* 


28 496 1. 45478 
30.214 (a. c.) 8. 51979 
Mi 9. 96882 


T 2 

y,2 
IV 


1.45494 
1.7CR93 
1. 45472 
1. 76805 








1. 45483 
1. 76849 


58. 739 28.499 
58.680 28.492 


30.210 
30. 188 


Jfat70°.8 Tab. =0.87779 9.94339 
(76.8-62) X .0000136 = . 00020128 6. 30380 

Reduction to 62° Fah. = -. 00018 6. 24719 

M at 62° Pah. =0.87761; w=2 









28. 496 


30.214 



[Date, Juno 17, 1881.] 





Log's. 


. Log's. 


IV 


2*2 


2 i 1 2_y 2 


29.241 

31.020 (a.c.) 
Mi 

If at 87° Pah. = 
(87-62) X .0000136 = 

Reduction to 62° Pah.= 

M at62°Fah.= 


0. 87753 
. 0003400 

-. 00030 

=0.87723; w=l 


1. 46599 

8. 53F36 

9. 96891 

9.91326 
6.f^l48 


y,2 
T i 
TV 

TV 


1. 46422 
1. 77824 
1. 46532 
1.78233 
1.46636 
1. 77938 
1.406S1 
1.77962 
1. 46559 












1. 46477 
1. 78028 
1. 46584 
1. 78086 
1. 46658 
1. 779:0 
1. 46620 


60. 012 
00. 295 
60. 580 
60. U75 
60. 170 
60. 1S7 
60. 203 


29. 159 
29. 196 
29. 231 
2i). 266 
29. 281 
29. 296 
29. 255 


30. 853 

31. 0G9 
31.349 
31.10J 
30. 889 
3U. 891 
30. 948 


6.47474 










29.241 


31. 020 



[Date, January 28, 1884. Observer, J. E. Maxfkld.] 





Log's. 


Log's. 


TV 


ya 


TV-T' 


29.099 1.46388 
30.935 (a. c.) 8. 50955 
Mi 9. 96856 

JHTat46°Fah. =0.87496 9.94199 
(62-46) X .0000136 = .0002176 6.33766 


rp 

TV 
T 2 

TV 

2>2 


1. 46429 
1. 77801 
1. 46391 
1. 77878 
1. 46334 










1. 46410 
1. 77840 
1. 46362 


59. 980 

60. 034 
60. 087 


29. 114 
29.101 
29. 082 


30. 866 

30. 933 

31. 005 


Reduction to 62° Pah. =+. 00019 6. 27965 
M at 62° Pah. =0.87515; w=3 












29. 099 


30. 935 



REC APITUL A TION. 



Date. 


M at 62° Fall. 


w 


1881. 
Juno 10 
Juno 11 
Juno 17 

1884. 
June 28 


0. 87898 
0. 87761 
0. 87723 

0. 87515 


1 

2 

7 

3 


0. 87694 



M at any temperature t will be 0.87694 [1 + .0000136 (t— 62°)] 



Temperature. 


Log M . 


60° 


9. 94296 


50 


90 


40 


84 


30 


78 


20 


72 


10 


66 





60 


-10 


54 


-20 


4-8 


-30 


9. 94242 



— I 



592 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Base Station, "Washington, D. C. Year, 1884. Kew Dip Circle No. 23. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.] 



Jan. 30, Needle 2 70 39.3 

Needle 2 35.9 

Needle 3 (extra) 32.6 

70 35.9 

Jan. 31, Needle 2 70 40.1 

Needle 2 36.1 

70 38.1 

Feb. l,Ncedle2 70 39.0 

Needle 3 (extra) 40.5 

70 39. 7 

Feb. 2,Needle2 70 35.0 

Needle 2 (extra) 37.8 

Needle 2 33.9 

70 35. 6 

Recapitulation. 

o / 

Jan. 30.. 70 35.9 

Jan. 31.. 38.1 

Feb. 1.. 39.7 

Feb. 2.. 35.6 

70 37. 3=0o 



Jan. 30, Needle 4 weighted 41 53.8 

Jan. 31, Needle 4 weighted 41 24.7 

12.1 
43.6 
09 3 

41 22.4 

Feb. 1, Needle 4 weighted 41 17.6 

Feb. 2, Needle 4 weighted 41 44.5 

Recapitulation. 

O I 

Jan. 30.. 41 53.8 

Jan. 31.. 22.4 

Feb. 1.. 17.6 

Feb. 2.. 44.5 

41 34. 6=jjo 
70 37.3=0o 

29 02.7 



Jan. 30, Needle 3, needle 4 deflect- 
ing 37 20.2 

Jan. 31, Needle 3, needle 4 deflect- 
ing 37 10.1 

21.9 
17.0 
14.6 

37 15. 9 



Feb. 1, Needle 3, needle 4 deflect- 
ing 37 10. 4 

Feb. 2, Needle 3, needle 4 deflect- 
ing 37 17.5 



Recapitulation. 

o 
Jan. 30.. 37 
Jan. 31.. 
Feb. 1.. 
Feb. 2.. 


20.2 
15.9 
10.4 
17.5 




37 


16.0= 


-u'o 



Sin u o = sin 29° 02'. 7 
Sin u'o = sin 37 16 . 
Sec 7)o = sec 41 34.6 


Log's. 
9. 68619 
9. 78213 
0. 12606 


Sec 0o= sec 70° 37'. 3 
So =4.378* 


2) 9. 59438 

9. 79719 
0. 47912 
0. 64128 


A =8. 2716 


0. 91759 



Feb. 15, Needle 4 weighted. 



41 


16.0 


41 


13.4 


41 


09.2 


40 


57.1 


41 


09.7 


41 


06.1 


41 


05.9 


40 


55.0 


40 


47.3 


41 


14.0 


40 


57.6 


41 


01.8 


41 


04.4 


70 


39.4 


29 


35.0 







Feb. 15, Needle 3, needle 4 deflecting. 37 



11.5 
16.0 
25.5 
20.8 
12.5 
19.2 
18.8 
20.2 
22.2 
22.2 
14.5 
25.5 



Y'o = 37 19. 1 



Sin u o = sin 29° 35'. 
Sinw'o = sin37 19.1 
Sec i) o = sec 41 04 . 4 



Sec 0o = sec 70° 39'. 4* 
So = 4. 378* 

A =8. 3282 1 



Log's. 
9. 69345 
9. 78265 
0. 12270 

2) 9.59880 

9. 79940 
0. 47987 
0. 64128 

0. 92055 



* Deduced from annual observations for 18 years, 1867-84. 
This value of A is to be used only in connection with observations made at TTglaamie, Alaska, previous to September, 1882, a different 
weight having been employed after August, 1882. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



593 



APPENDIX No. 3. 



OBSERVATIONS MADE AT UOLAAMTE, ALASKA, IN lZ8l-'i52->83, FOB DETERMINING TEE ABSOLUTF 
MAGNETIC DECLINATION, 10GETEEB WITH TEE COMPUTATION AND A RECAPITULATION OF 
RESULTS. 

[Computer, E. H. Couvtcnay.] 



[Bate, December 11, 1881. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 
11. Magnet ~L„ suspended. Observers: Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, 
and Davis. Each hourly valuo is the mean of five readings, which 
aro recorded in the " observations of variations."] 





Mean 


Time. 


scale- 




readings. 




a. 


1 a. m. 


21.70 


2 a. m. 


27.03 


3 a. m. 


25.14 


4 a. m. 


27.04 


5 a. m. 


28.27 


6 a. m. 


24.02 


7 a. m. 


23.96 


8 a. m. 


19.91 


9 a. m. 


23.15 


10 a. m. 


25.39 


11 a. m. 


20.95 


12 m. 


21.32 


lp. m. 


22.53 


2 p. m. 


16.90 


3 p. m. 


24.43 


4 p. m. 


24.09 


5 p. m. 


24.74 


6 p. m. 


24.36 


7 p.m. 


24.62 


8 p. m. 


24. 71 


9 p. m. 


23.68 


10 p. in. 


23.04 


11 p. m. 


21. 82 


12 p. m. 


23.00 


Snm 


= 566. 40 


Mean 


= 23.60 



Computation. 



Line of detorsion 18° 00' 

..,,., C A. 232 11 

Azimuth circle .. i-o g.j jo 

Heading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. observa- ( A. 99 59 

tions { B. 280 01 

At end of p. m. observations 5 



Mean 

Value of one division of scale. 



100 00 



r3'.69 



Scale-reading of axis *35. 33 

Mean scale-reading of east and west 

magnetic elongation 23.60 

diff.= 11.73 



Reduction to axis —0° 43'.3 

Azimuth circle reads 232 12. 



Magnetic meridian reads 



231 28/ 



Mean reading of mark 100 00. 

Azimuth of mark 90 13.0 

True meridian reads 196 13.0 



Magnetic declination 



35 15. 7 E. 



* Former determination of axis = 34.80, April, 1882; determination 
= 35.85, mean = 35.33 



[Date, January 24, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 

■11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, 
and Dark. Each hourly valuo is tho mean of five readings, which 
are recorded in the "observations of variations."] 



Time. 



1 a. m. 

2 a. m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a. m. 

6 a. rn. 

7 a. m. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p.m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. m. 

5 p. m. 

6 p. m. 

7 p. in. 

8 p. m. 

9 p.m. 
lop. m. 

11 p. m. 

12 p.m. 

Sum 
Mean 



Mean 

scale- 
readings. 



941. 10 
32.21 



Computation. 



Line of detorsion 18° 00' 

Azimuth circle < g"" ~7g ,}. 

Heading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. observa- (A. 95 53 
tions l 13. 275 54 

At end of p. m. observations < 

Moan— Jan. 23, 10.30 p. m 95 53.5 

Value of one division of scale = *3'.09 

Scale-reading of axis 35. 33 

Mean scale-reading of east and west 
magnetic elongation 39. 21 

diff. = 3. 88 

Reduction to axis +0° 14'. 3 

Azimuth circle reads ' 229 21.0 

Magnetic meridian reads 229 35. 3 

Mean reading of mark 95 53.5 

Azimuth of mark...". 96 13.0 

True meridian reads «192 06. 6 

Magnetic declination 37 28. 8 E. 



*Mean of six determinations made at Washington, D. C, in June, 
1881, and February, 1884. 



[Date, April 18, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. 
Magnet I»„ suspended. Observers: Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, and 
Dark.] 



Time. 



1 a. m. 

2 a.m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a. m. 

5 a.m. 

6 a.m. 

7 a.m. 

8 a.m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p.m. 

2 p.m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p.m. 

5 p. m. 

6 p.m. 

7 p.m. 

8 i>. m. 
!Lp. m. 

10p.m. 

11 p.m. 

12 p. m. 

Sum : 
Mean : 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 

30.28 

43.93 

48.56 

38.30 

40.90 

42.60 

44.90 

47. 94 

45. 40 

42.32 

42.15 

48.28 

45.79 
49.87 
45.32 
55.61 
45.12 
51.15 
61.52 
60.35 
66. 20 
49.92 
44.67 
51.73 



1142. 81 
47.62 



Line of de- ° ' 
torsion . 15 

A. 231 13 

B. 51 13 



Az. cir i 



Computation. 



Heading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. observa- C A. 275° 54' 
tions }B. 95 53 

At end of p. m. observations \ 

Mean 275 53.5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. Scale-readings. Mean. ^, 1 , tn l te 1 



33.0 
31.0 
37.8 
20.5 
40.2 
30.2 
32.5 



55.0 
33.5 
44.6 
29.0 
47.5 
37.0 
40.0 



44.00 
32.25 
41.20 
24. 75 
43.85 
33.60 
36.25 



42.60 
28.50 
42.53 
29.17 
40.05 



d. 



37. 42 
34.85 
33.64 
36.51 
36.83 



Value of one division of scale . 



3'.69 



Scale readinsr of axis 

Mean scale-reading of east and west 
magnetic elongation 

diff. = 



35. 85 
47.62 



Reduction to axis -|-0 o 43'.4 

Azimuth circle reads 231 13.0 



Magnetic meridian reads 231 50.4 



Mean reading of mark 275 53.5 

Azimuth of mark 90 13. 

True meridian reads 12 06.5 



Magnetic declination 



39 49. 9 E. 



[Date, May 24, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. 
Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, and 
Dark.] 



Time. 



1 a. m. 

2 a.m. 

3 a.m. 

4 a.m. 

5 a.m. 

6 a. m. 

7 a.m. 

8 a.m. 

9 a.m. 

10 a, m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m. 

1 p.m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p.m. 

4 p.m. 

5 p. m, 

6 p. m. 

7 p.m. 

8 p.m. 

9 p.m. 

10 p. m. 

11 p. m. 

12 p.m. 

Sum 
Mean 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



Computation. 



36.54 
39.37 
39.77 
39.66 
39.11 
39.45 
40.37 
39.48 
39.18 
33.07 

33. 13 
31.14 

37.18 
42.74 
44.19 
41.72 
51.16 

54. 14 
50.98 
48.79 
39.85 
39.94 
33.09 
39.95 



974. 00 
40.58 



Line of de- 
torsion . 



15 



B. 51 30 



At beginnin; 



Reading of mark. 
of a. m. observa- ( 



A. 276° 28 



-J- 
tions ) B. 96 30 



At end of p. m. observations 



Mean . 



Determination of axis of magnet- 



Scale. Scale-readings. Mean. „'?„ Axis. 



33.9 
30.0 
33.5 
26.2 
33.2 
22.5 
33.2 



36.2 
43.0 
39.5 
44.5 
39.5 
44.5 
38.2 



35.05 
36.00 
36.50 
35.35 
36.35 
33.50 
35.70 



35.78 
35.92 
36.43 
34.43 
36.02 



d. 



36.14 
36.21 
35.89 
35.39 
34.76 



Value of one division of scale . 



=3'.69 



Scale reading of axis 

Mean scale-reading of east and west 
magnetic elongation 



diff.= 



Reduction to axis +0° 18'.1 

Azimuth circle reads 231 30.0 



Magnetic mei idian reads 231 



Mean reading of mark . 

Azimuth of mark 

True meridian reads... 



276 29. 
90 13.0 
12 42.0 



Magnetic declination 



39 06. ] E. 



H. Ex. 44- 



'" Observations made May 23. 



594 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued. 



[Date, June 17, 1882. Instrument, theod. magnetometer No. 11. ilag- 
netL„suspended. Observers : Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith. andDark. j 



Time. 



1a.m.. 

2 a. in. . 

3 a. m. . 
4a.m.. 

5 a. m. . 

6 a. m. . 
7a.m.. 

8 a. m. . 

9 a.m.. 

10 a. 

11 a. : 

12 m 

Sum . 



m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



Computation. 



707. 81 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- ( A. 277 06 
servations )B. 97 04 

A > end of p. m. observa- ( 

tions { 

Mean 277 05.0 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale.1 S ^s ead - Mean, *™£ 1 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

Az. circle. {£; J* 



34.8 
20. S 
28.0 
25.5 
29.0 
41.8 
28.2 



36.0 

49.4 
40.0 
47.0 
41.0 
27.5 
43.3 



35.40 
35, 10 

34. 00 
36.25 

35. 00 
34.65 
35.75 



34.70 
35.68 
34.50 
35.45 
35.37 



d. 



34.90 

34. 84 
35.37 
35.23 

35. 01 



Value of one division of scale = 3'. 69 
Scale-reading of axis 35. 07 



[Date, June 18, 1882. Instrument, theod. magnetometer No. 11. Mag- 
net L„ suspended. Observers: Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, andDark.] 



Time. 



1 p.m.. 
2p.m.. 

3 p.m.. 

4 p. m. . 
5p.m. . 
6 p.m.. 
7p.m.. 
8 p.m.. 
9p.m.. 

10 p.m.. 

11 p.m.. 

12 p.m.. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 

50. 64 
48. 55 
61.38 
68.39 
60.28 
73.94 
71.46 
65.04 
6M. 27 
64.32 
68.95 
61.72 



June 18 
June 17 



Sum. 



757. 74 
707. 81 



1465. 55 



Mean . 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

Az. circle 



( A. 51 30 
JB.231 29 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginniug of a. m. ob- ( A. 277 09 
servations ) B. 97 04 

At end of p. m. observa- ( 

tions { 

Mean 277 06.5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 



Scale-read- 



36.6 
20.7 
29.0 
17.8 
27.0 
19.8 
38.0 



50.7 
36.0 
50.8 
47.2 
43.3 
43.0 
46.7 



Mean. 



43.65 
28.35 
39.90 
32.50 
35.15 
31.40 
42.35 



Altn'te 
mean. 



41.77 
30.42 
37.52 
31.95 
38.75 



Axis. 



d. 



35.06 
35.16 
35.01 
33. 55 rej 
35.07 



Value of one division of scale = 3'. 69 

Scale- reading of axis 35.07 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

"W. magnetic elongation ... 61. 06 

diff.= 25. 99 



Reduction to axis +1 35.9 

Azimuth circle reads 51 29. 5 

Magnetic meridian reads 53 05. 4 

Mean reading of mark 277 05. 

Azimuth of mark 96 13.0 

True meridian reads 13 18. 



Magnetic declination 39 47. 4 E. 



[Date, July 19-20, 1882. Instrument, theod. magnetometer 11. Mag- 
net L„ suspended. Observers: Cassidy, Murdoch, Smith, andDark. ] 



[Date, August 19, 1382. Instrument, theod. magnetometer No. 11. 
Magnet L„ suspended. Observer: A. C. Dark.] 



Time. 



1 a. m. 

2a.m. 

3 a. m. 

4 a, m. 

5 a. m. 

6 a.m. 

7 a. m. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. al- 
io a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 in... 



1 p. m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 
4p.m. 

5 p. m. 

6 p. ni. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. m. 

9 p. m. 

10 p.m. 

11 p. m. 

12 p.m. 



Sum.. 
Mean. 



Mean 
scale- i 
readings. ! 



Computation. 



Time. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- ( A. 277 

servations, direct 1 ) B. 97 

At end of p. m. observa- C A. 97 

tions, reversed \ B. 277 

Mean 277 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 



Scale-read- 
ings. 



Mean, t'^l Axis, 
mean. 



35.0 
10.0 
34.0 
26.0 
36.0 
27.0 
36.5 



35. 2 35. 10 

52.0 31.00 



46.0 
33.0 
46.0 
32.0 
46.5 



37. 55 
40. 00 I 30. 25 
29.50 i 40.50 
41.00 I 29.50 
29. 50 I 41. 25 
41.50 I 



d. 



34.28 
35.13 
35.00 
35.25 
35.37 



Value of one division of scale= 3'. 69 



1, 190. 
49. 



Scale-reading of axis 35.01 35.04* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
"W. magnetic elongation. . . 49. 62 



diff. = 



14. 58 



la. 

2 a. 

3 a. 

4 a. 

5 a. 

6 a. 

7 a. 

8 a. 

9 a. 

10 a. n 

11 a. re 
12m .. 

1 p. n 

2 p. n 

3 p. re 

4 p. in 

5 p. a. 

6 p. n 
7p.m 

8 p. ii 

9 p. re 

10 p. n 

11 p. n 

12 p. ir 

Sum.. 

Mean. 



m 



Mean 
scale- 



d. 

31.28 

39.55 

37.64 

38.64 

35. 38 

39.10 

39.38 

37.00 

38.82 

37.46 

35.03 

38.51 

37.28 
29.91 
67.48 
58.88 
46. 18 
43.48 
47.60 
52.81 
42.66 
33. 56 
41.32 
43. 54 



Computation. 



Scale.! Scf-ead- Mean . Altn^tej Alia . 



992. 31 
41.35 



Lino of detor- 
sion . 



Az. circle < « ' 



15 

52 31 
28 
30 
28 



Reduction to axis -4-0 53.8 

Azimuth circle reads 52 29.2 

Magnetic meridian reads 53 23. 



i Mean reading of mark 277 16. 

Azimuth of mark 96 13. 

True moridian reads 13 29. 

Magnetic declination 39 54. E. 



| Line of detor- 
siou 15 

A, circle**" 3* j° 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- < A. 359 56 

servations )B. 54 

At end of p. m. observa- C A. 359 53 

tions ( B. 52 

Mean 359 53.8 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



32.0 
5.7 
33.2 
22.2 
16.5 
17.5 
36.0 



39.0 
51.0 
49.5 
35.4 
65.0 
40.2 
47.0 



35.50 
28.35 
41.35 
28. 80 
40.75 
28.85 
41.50 



38. 43 33. 39 rej. 

28.57 |34.96 

41.05 34.92 

28. 83 34. 79 

41. 13 134. 99 



Value of one division of scale = 



3'.6» 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 92 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation ... 41. 35 



diff. = 



Reduction to axis +0 23.7 

Azimuth circle reads 354 09.0 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 32. 7 



Mean reading of mark 359 53.8 

Azimuth of mark 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 17. 8 



Magnetic declination 41 14. 9 15. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABP.OW, ALASKA. 



595 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued. 



[Date, August 31. 1882. 
magnetometer No. 11. 
and Maxfield.] 



Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 
Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark 



Time. 



8. 00 a, m. 

8. 15 a. in. 

8. 30 a. m. 

8. 45 a. m. 

9. 00 a. m. 

9.15 a. m. 

9. 30 a. m. 

9. 45 a. m. 
10. 00 a. m. 
10. 15 a. m. 
10. 30 a. in. 
10. 45 a. m. 

11. 00 p. m. 
11. 15 p. m. 
11. 30 p. m. 
11. 45 p. m. 
12. 00 p. m. 
12. 15 p. m. 
12. 30 p. m. 
12. 45 p. m. 
1. 00 p. m. 



Sum 

Mean .. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



Computation. 



d. 

56. 40 

42.25 

43.60 

43.40 

46.50 

46. 55 

43.30 

45. 00 

45.75 

41.75 

38.85 

41.40 

45.30 
42.30 
44. 20 
38.50 
35. 85 
37.70 
39.90 
40.60 
41.50 



900. 60 
42.89 



Line of de- 
torsion . . . 
iz. cir-C A. 
cle . . . ) B. 



15 
354 



Reading of mark. 

o ' 

At beginning of a. m. observa- C A. 359 51 
tions } B. 53 

At end of p. m. observations - - } jj ' 53 

Mean 359 52.0 

Value of one division of scale.. . =3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis 34. 92 

Mean scale-reading of east and 
west magnetic elongation 42. 89 

diff. = 7. 97 

o 1 

Reduction to axis + 29.4 

Azimuth circle reads 354 10.0 

Magnetic meridian Teads 354 39. 4 

Mean reading of mark 359 52.0 

Azimuth of mark 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 16.0 

Magnetic declination 41 23. 4 E 



[Date, September 14, 1882, local time. Instrument, TJ. S. C. and G. S. 
unifi.larmagnetometerNo.il. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: 
Dark and Maxfield. ] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m.. 
1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 

42.90 
46.90 
53.70 
36.10 
40.80 
41.75 



Headings of the differen- 
tial unifilar taken at 9, 
10, 11 a. m., and 12 m. 
and at 1 p. m. 

9 a. m 536 

lOa.m 553 

11a. m 510 

12m 521 

lp.m 525 

d. 
43. 85 529. 

521.7 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

Az. circle. J 3' 354 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- < A. 359 51 

servations ( B. 52 

At end of p. m. observa- 5 A. 359 51 

tions JB. 52 

Mean 359 51.5 

Value of one division of scale. =3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis 35. 05* 

Mean scale-reading of east 
and west magnetic elonga- 
tion 41.87 

diff. = 6. 82 

o / 

Reduction to axis -4-0 25.2 

Azimuth circle Teads 354 10. 

Magnetic meridian reads 354 35. 2 

Mean reading of mark 359 51. 5 

Azimuth of mark 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 15. 5 

Magnetic declination 41 19. 7 



*From observations of August 19 and September 30, 1882. 



TDate, September 30, 1882, local time. Instrument, TJ. S. C. and G. S. 
unifilarmagnetometerNo.il. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: 
Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. in 

12 m.. 
1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

41.40 
41.20 
39.85 
38. 90 
37.90 
37.00 



Headings of the differen- 
tial unifilar at 8, 9, 10, 
11 a. m., and 12 m. and 
at 1 p. m. 

8a.m 519 

9a.m 520 

lOa.m 518 

11 a. m 516 

12m 511 

lp.m 508 



d. 
39. 37 515. 3 
521. 7 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

A,circle{£ * g 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- ( A. 359 52 

servations \ B. 50 

At end of p. m. observa- C A. 359 50 

tions JB. 52 

Mean 359 51 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 


Scale-read- 


Mean. 




ings. 




E 


35.0 


36.8 


35.90 


I 


29.0 


39.0 


34.00 


E 


29.0 


46.5 


37.75 


I 


17.0 


48.0 


32.50 


E 


34.0 


42.5 


38.25 


I 


24.0 


40.0 


32.00 


E 


24.0 


51.0 


37.50 



Altn'te: 
mean. ' 



Axis. 



36.82 
33.25 
38.00 
32.25 
37.88 



35.41 
35.50 
35.25 
35. 25 
34.94 



Value of one division of scale . 

Scale-reading of axis 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation. . . 



35.27 



diff.= 



5.83 



Reduction to axis. -4-0 215 

Azimuth circle reads 354 29. 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 5P. 5 

Mean reading of mark ... 35!) 51 (I 

Azimuth of mark E. of N.. . 46 36.0 

True meridian re:;ds 313 15.6 

Magnetic declination 41 :s:> 5 K 



[Date, October 14, 1882, local time. Instrument, TJ. S. C. and G. S. 
nninlarmagnetometerNo.il. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: 
Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. ni 

11 a. m 

12 ro .. 
1 p. m 



Mean 

scale- 
readings. 



d. 

49.00 

50.55 

32.00 

32.10 

34.40 

33.70 



Readin us of the differen- 
tial unifilar at 8, 9, 10, 
11 a. 111., and 12 m. and 
at 1 p. m. 

8am 533 

9 a. ni 548 

10a. m 504 

11 a. m 509 

12m 518 

lp.m 512 

d. 
38. 62 520. 7 
514. 6 

—1.65 = 6.1 



36.07 



Line of dr.tor- 
sion 15 

Az.circle^; » ■> 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- C A. 359 52 

servations j B. 50 

At end of p. m. observa- C A. 359 50 

tions \B. 52 

Mean 359 51 

Value of one division of scale =3'.69 

Scale-reading of axis 35. 08* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation ... 36. 97 

diff.= 1. 89 



Reduction to axis +0 7. 

Azimuth circle reads 354 31. 

Magnetic meridianreads 354 38. 

Mean reading of mark 359 51. 

Azimuth of mark 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 15.0 

Magnetic declination 41 23. 



* Me;in of results from the observations of September 30, and Oc- 
tober 31. 



596 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued. 



[Date, October 31, 1882, local time. Instrument, IT. S. C. and G. S. 
unifilar magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : 
Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a m 

9 a. m 

10 a. in 

11 a. m 

12m 

1 p.m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 
39.20 
40.00 
50.50 
39.20 
S5. 80 
35.60 



Headings of tbe differen- 
tial nnifilar taken at 8, 
9, 10, 11 a.m., and 12 m. 
and 1 p. m. 

8a. m 523 

9 ft. m •529 

10 a. m 5i2 

11 a. in 525 

12m 512 

lp.m 511 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- < A 359 50 

serrations ) B 52 

At end of p. m. observa- £ A 359 52 

tions C B 50 



Mean . 



359 51 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scak , Sealed- Mean . Altn^te Axi3 . 



21.0 
25.0 
34.0 
13.0 
27.0 
23.5 
27.2 



55.0 
39.0 
42.0 
48.0 
52.0 
38.2 
51.0 



38.00 
32. 00 
38. 00 
ISO. 50 
39.50 
30.85 
39.10 



38.00 
31.25 
38. 75 
30.68 
39.30 



d. 



35. CO 

34. 62 
34.62 

35. 09 
35.07 



d. 
40.05 



522.0 
514.6 



Value of one division of scale =3'. C9 



-2.01 =7.4 



38.04 



Lino of detor- 

sion 

A. 
B 



Ay., circle J 



15 
354 20 
22 



Scale-reading of axis 3 1. 88 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation ... 38. 04 

diff. = 3. 16 



Reduction to axis +0 11.7 

Azimuth circle reads 354 21.0 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 32.7 



Mean reading of mark 

Azimuth of mark E. of if. 
True meridian i cads 



359 51.0 

46 36. 

313 15. 



Magnetic declination 41 17. 7 E. 



[Date, November 16, 1 882, local time. Instrument, XT. S. C. and G. S. 
unifilar magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : 
Dark, Smith, and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m . . 
1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 
33.8 
31.0 
36.2 
33.9 
17.2 
50.4 



Comparative readings 
between magnetome- 
ter No. 11 and the dif- 
ferential unifilar. 



33.8 = 501 
31.0 = 500 
36. 2 = 5t3 
33. 9 = 494 
17.2 = 448 
lp.m 50.4 = 560 



a a. m . . 
9 a. ru .. 

10 a. m .. 

11 a. m .. 

12 m 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginniug of a. m. ob-f A 359 50 

servations \ B 52 

At end of p. m. observa- J A 359 52 

tions JB 50 

Mean 359 51 

Value of one division of scale = S\ 69 

Scale-reading of axis 34 85* 

Mf an scale-reading of E. and 

"W. magnetic elongation ... 30. 17 

diff. = 4. 68 



33. 67 502. 7 
489.8 

—3.50 = 12.9 



30.17 



Line of detorsion 15 

C A 354 50 
, B 52 



Az. circle. 



Reduction to axis —0 17.3 

Azimuth circle reads 354 51.0 

Magnetic meridian reads 354 33. 7 

Mean reading of mark 359 51.0 

Azimuth of mark E. of N ... 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 15.0 

Magnetic declination 41 18. 7E. 



' From observations of October 31, 1882, and Apiil 14, 1883. 



[Date, November 30,1882, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnet- 
ometer No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark and Max- 
held. 1 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 
10 a. m 
11a. m 
12m .. 

1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

34.4 
40.0 
88. 2 
44.1 
24.9 
28.8 



Computation. 



Comparative readings be- 
tween magnetometer 
No. 11 and the differ- 
ential uuifila;-. 

8 a. m 34.4 = 491 

0n.ni 40. = 508 

10 a. m 38.2=504 

Ua.m 44.1 = 523 

i: m 24. 9 = 4ii6 

1 p. m 28.8 = 476 



Rending of mark. 

o I 

At beginning of a. m. ob-C A 3^9 52 

servations \~B 50 

At end of p. m. observa- < A 359 50 

tions (B 52 

Mean 359 51 

Value of one division of scale = 3'. 09 

fc U reading of axis 34.81* 

Mean sca'o-i fading of E. and 

W. luagn lie elongation ... 34. 47 

diff. = 0. 34 



[Date, December 14, 1882, local time. Instrument, nuifilar magnet- 
ometer No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark, Max- 
field, and Smith ] 



Time. 



! Mean 
scale- 
. readings 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. in 

12m 

1 p. m 



d. 
50.8 
50.0 
49.0 
51.0 
48.4 
47.5 



Reduction to axis. 

Azimuth circle reads 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a. m 495 

9 a. m 492 

10 am 4S8 

11 a. m 4i'i(i 

l_'m 480 

lp.m 482 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o i 

At beginning of a. m. ob- ( A 359 50 

servations \ B 52 

At end of p. m. observa- < A 359 50 

tions JB 52 

Mean 359 51 

Value of one division of scale = 3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis 34. 78* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation ... 49. 30 

diff= 14. 5S 



—0 1. 3 
354 31.0 



Reduction to axis + 53.8 

Azimuth circle reads 353 30.0 




Line of detor- 
sion IS 

Az.eircle^ 354 32 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 29. 7 

Mean reading of mark 359 51.0 

A;:, ninth of raaik E. of N... 4o 36 

True meridian reads 313 15.0 



Magnetic declination 41 14.7E. 



d. 
V.. 36 



489.8 
489.9 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 23.8 



+ 0. CO = 0. 1 
49.36 



Mean n adiug of mark 359 51 . II 

Azimut h of mark E. of N . . 46 30. o 
True meridian reads 313 15.0 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

A, circle {^ 353 » 



Magnetic declination 41 08. 8E. 



- Fro-n observations of October 31, 1SS2, and April 14, 1881 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



597 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued. 



[Date, January 1, 1883, local time. Instrument, uuifilar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark, Maxfield, 
and Smith.] 



Time. 



8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 n. m. 

11 a. m. 
12m... 

1 p.m. 



Monn 

scale; 

readings 



d. 

49.0 
50.0 
43.0 
37.1 
40.1 
41.0 



Erooko declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 504 

9a.m 511 

10 a. m 486 

11 a. m 401 

Urn. 481 

1 p. m 485 



d. 
44.27 



488.0 
488.0 



0.0 



Line of detorsion . 
Az. circle... t g 



15 

S53 54 
56 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 



At beginning of a. m. ob- C A 359 50 

servations 1 13 52 

At end of p. m. observa- ( A 359 52 

tions (B 50 

Mean 



359 51 



Value of one division of scale = 3', 09 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 75* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation ... 44.27 



cliff. = 



9.52 



Reduction to axis +0 35.1 

A zimuth circle reads 353 55. 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 30. 1 



Mean reading of mark 359 51.0 

Azimuth of mark E. oi'N... 46 36.0 
True meridian reads 313 15.0 



Magnetic declination 41 15. 1 E. 



' From observations of October 31, 1882, and April 14, 1883. 



[Date, January 14, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark, Maxfield, 
and Smith.] 



Time. 



8 a.m. 
9a. m . 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m . . . 
1 p. m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



50.0 
38.5 
39.8 
39.0 
37.4 
35.6 



Brc 

8 a. 

9 a. 
10 a. 
11a. 
12 m 

lp. 


>oke declinometer 
readings. 

m 522 




. 487 




. 490 




. 490 




. 483 


m 


478 



d. 
40.40 



—1.00 
39.40 



491.7 
488.0 



= 3.7 



Line of detorsion . 
A 
B 



Az. circle. 



15 
354 06 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- ( A 359 49 

servations \ B 51 

At end of p. m. observa- C A 359 49 

tious (B 51 

Mean , 359 50 

Valueof onedivisionof scale= 3'. 09 



Scale-reading of axis 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
"W. magnetic elongation . . . 



34. 72* 
39.40 
diff. = 4. 68 



Reduction to axis -j-0 17.3 

Azimuth circle reads 354 07. 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 24. 3 



Mean reading of mark 309 50. 

Azimuth of mark E. of N... 46 36. 
True meridian reads 313 14. 



MagnoUc declination 41 10. 3 E, 



' From observations of October 31, 1SS2, and April 14, 1883. 



[Date, January 31, 1883, local time. Instrument, nnifllar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark, Maxfleld, 
and Smith.] 



Time. 



8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m... 
1 p. m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

40.0 

38.0 

35.0 

30.5 

29.9 

33.1 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 



8a.m. 
9a.m. 

10 a. m . 

11 a. m . 
12m ... 

1 a. m . 



504 
49+ 
484 
493 
470 
481 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob-C A 359 49 

servations \ B 51 

At end of p. m. observa- C A 359 49 

tions jB 51 



Mean . 



359 50 



Valueof one division of scale= 3'. 09 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 60" 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation . . 35. 42 



cliff. = 



d 
35.34 



+0. 08 
35. 42 



487.7 
4H8. 



= 0.3 



Lino of detorsion 15 
Az. circle... | £ 35i & 



Reduction to axis +0 2.7 

A zimuth circle reads 354 36. 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 38. 7 



Mean reading of mark 359 50. 

Azimuth of mark E. of N... 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 14.0 

Magnetic declination 41 24. 7E. 



*From observations of October 31, 1882, and April 14, 1883. 



[ Date, February 14, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark, Maxfleld, 
and Smith.] 



Time. 



8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

12 m... 
1 p. m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 



45.0 
43.0 
40.2 
42.9 
S6. 



Brooke 


declinometer 




readings. 




9 a. 


m . . 




507 


10 a. 


m .. 




499 


11 a. 






487 
496 


12 a. 


m .. 




la. 


m .. 




469 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. in. ob-fA 309 49 

servations (B 51 

At end of p. m. observa- C A 359 49 

tions (B 51 

Means 359 50 



"Value of one division of scale = 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 66* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation. . . 40. 93 

diff. = 0. 27 



d. 
41. 50 



—0. 57 
40.93 



491.6 
489.5 



= 2.1 



Line of detorsion 15 
Az. circle... {£ 354 ™ 



Reduction to axis +0 23.1 

Azimuth circle reads 354 17.0 



Magnetic meridian reads 354 40. 1 



Mean reading of mark ... 359 50.0 
Azimuth of mark E. of N. -. 46 36.0 
True meridian reads 313 14.0 



Magnetic declination 41 20. IE. 



* From observations of October 31, 1882, and April 14, 1883. 



598 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination— Continued. 



[Date, February 28, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark and Maxfield. J 



Time. 



8a.m. 
9 a. m . 

10 a. m . 

11 a. m . 
12m... 

.1 p. m . 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



Computation. 



d. 
42.0 

27.0 
40.0 
29.0 
23.0 
24.0 



Reading of mark. 

o 
At beginning of a. m. ob-C A 359' 

ser va tions ( B 

At end of p. m. observa- 1 A 359 
tions ) B 



Mean . 



359 50 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 529 

9a.m 492 

10 a. in 514 

11 a. m 505. 

12m 407 

1 p.m 468 



Value of one division of scale 



=3'.( 



Scale-reading of axis 34.63* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
"W. magnetic elongation. . . 29. 12 




Line of detor- 
sion 

A, circle.** 353 52 



<B 



50 



diff.= 



5.51 



Reduction to axis — 20.3 

Azimuth circle reads 353 51. 



Magnetic meridian reads 353 30. 7 



Mean reading of mark 359 50. 

A zimutb of mark E . of N . . . 46 36. 
True meridian reads 313 14. 



Magnetic declination 40 16. 7 E. 



From observations of October 31, 1882, and April 14, 1883. 



[Date, Marchl4, 1883, loealtime. Instrument, unifilarmagnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a.m. 

9 a.m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m . 
12m... 

1 p. m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



Computation. 



d. 

45.8 
40.0 
44.0 
42.1 
38.9 
40.2 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 496 

9a.m 477 

10 a.m 489 

11 a.m 480 

12m 472 

1 p.m 475 



d. 
41.83 



481.5 
484.8 



+.89 = 3.3 
42.72 



Line of detor- 
sion 15 

Az.circle.ji- 348 % 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob-( A 359 49 

servations \B 51 

At end of p. m. observa- C A 359 49 

tions (B 51 



Mean . 



359 50 



Value of one division of scale =3'. 69 



Scale-reading of axis _ . 34. 60* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation ... 42. 72 



diff.= 



8.12 



Reduction to axis +0 30.0 

Azimuth circle reads 348 46.0 



Magnetic meridian reads. . 349 16.0 



Mean reading of mark 359 50.0 

Azimuth of mark E. of N... 46 36.0 
True meridian reads 313 14.0 



Magnetic declination 36 02. E 



' Erom observations of October 31, 1882, and April 14, 1883. 



[Date, March 31, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetom- 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observer; Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a.m. 
9a.m. 

10 a. m . 

11 p.m. 

12 m... 
1 p.m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



34.2 
32.9 
31.1 
30.4 
26.0 
22.3 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 



Computation. 



Beading of marl: 

At beginning of a. m. ob- < A 
serrations > B 



At end of p. in. observa- < A 
tions... \ B 



359 
359 



Mf» . 



359 50 



Value of one division of scale 



8 a. m . 

9 a. m . 

10 a. m . 

11 p. m . 

12 m ... 
1 a, m . 



. Scale-leading of axis. 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
50" yf_ magnetic elongation. . . 

497 I s 

490 | 



=3'. 69 
"34757*" 
'.'9. 50 



diff.= 



5.07 



470 j 

4^8 Reduction to axis 

A zimuth circle reads . 



—0 18. 7 
349 06. 



29. 48 484. 2 

484.8 

-4- . 02 = II. (i 



Line of detorsion .114 30 
Until lp.m., when 

it was 119 00 

A.... 349 05 



Az. circle 



B... 



07 



Magnetic meridian reads 348 47.3 



Mean reading of mark 359 50. 

Azimuth of mark E. ofN ... 46 36. 
True meridian reads 313 1). 



Magnetic declination 35 33. 3E 



' From observations of October 31, 1882, to April 14, 1883. 



[Date, April 14, 1P83, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetom 
eter No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers, Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m . 

9 a.m.. 

10 a.m. . 

11 a. m.. 

12 m.... 
lp.m. 



Mean 

scale- 

readings. 



d. 

40.0 
39.0 
37.0 
38.5 
35.2 
36.9 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8 a.m 484 

9 a.m...-. 487 

10 a.m 482 

11 a.m 484 

12 m 479 

1 p.m 475 



d 

37.77 



+ .08 
37.85 



481.8 
482.1 



Line of detor- 
sion 249 

Az. circle. 1 -g 

Line of detor. 
at 1 p.m . 3.->4 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- C A 
servations { B 

At end of p. ra. observa- C A 
tions ) B 



359 



Mean . 



359 57. 5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 





Scale 


■read- 




mgs. 


d 






E 


37.0 


37.0 


I 


31.8 


32.8 


E 


32.4 


39.0 


I 


29.4 


39.0 


E 


33.0 


36.8 


I 


32.8 


36.2 


E 


33.2 


35.0 



Mean. 



Altn'te 
mean 



37.0 
32.3 
35.7 
34.2 
34.9 
34.5 
34.1 



36.35 
33.25 
35.30 
34.35 

34.50 



Axis. 



34.32 
34.48 
34.75 
34.63 
34.50 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 54 

Mean scale-i eading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation ... 37. 85 

dit\= 3. 31 



Reduction to axis +0 12.2 

Azimuth circle reads 348 41.0 



Magnetic meridian reads 348 53.2 



Mean reading of mark 359 57.5 

Azimuth of mark E. of N.... 46 36.0 
True meridian reads 313 21.5 



Magnetic declination 35 31. 7E 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



599 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued. 



| Date, April 30, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark and Maxfield. ] 



Time. 



8 a. m.. 

9 a. m. . 

10 a. m.. 

11 a. ra.. 

12 m .... 
1 p. m.. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 

52.0 

30. 

20.0 

22.0 

00.0 

10. 5 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 618 

9 ;i. nt 555 

lOa.m 497 

11a. m 497 

12 m 419 

lp. m 459 



d. 

23.42 



507.5 
482.1 



Line of detor- 

sion 135 

A 349 
B 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob- C A 359 57 

servations ) B 58 

At end of p. m. observa- C A 359 57 

tions JB 58 

Mean 359 57. 5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 



Scale-read- 
ings. 



24.0 
42.9 
24.2 
43.0 
25.4 
41.9 
24.8 



24.0 
47.5 
25.2 
44.8 
28.0 
45.1 
27.4 



Mean. 



Altn'te . . 
mean. A:oj 



24.0 
45.2 
24.7 
43.9 
26.7 
43.5 
26.1 



24.35 
44.55 
25.70 
43.70 
26.40 



d. 



34.78 
34.62 
34.80 
35.20 
34.95 



Value of one division of scale =3'. 69 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 87 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation. .. 16.54 

diff.= 18.33 



Az. circle! 



Line of dctor- 
sionatlla.m. 

Az. circle < -g 



258 
359 



Reduction to axis - — 67. 6 

Azimuth circle reads 349 55. 5 

Magnetic meridian reads 348 47.9 

Mean reading of mark 359 57. 5 

Azimuth of mark E. of N. . . 46 36. 

True meridian reads 313 21. 5 

Magnetic declination 35 26. 4 



[Date, May 14. 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer. 
Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark and Maxfield. ] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 
12m .. 

1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

37.0 
35.5 
34.0 
31.7 
31.4 
30.1 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a. m 487 

9a. m 486 

10 a. m 480 

lla.m 468 

12m 467 

lp.m 462.5 



Scale, 



d. 
33.28 



475.1 
476.1 



+ .27 = 1.0 



33.55 



Line of detor- 
sion 250 

Az. circle J ^ 348 

Line of detor- 
sion.. 297 

Az. circle i £ 348 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob-( A 359 
servations } B 

At end of p. m. observa-} A 359 
tions ) Bj 

Mean 359 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale-read- 
ings. 



Mean. 



30.0 
37.0 
28.4 
39.0 
28.8 
37.3 
28.1 



30.2 
41.5 
31.2 
41.0 
31.2 
42.9 
30.9 



30.10 
39.25 
29.80 
40.00 
30.00 
40.10 
29.50 



Altn'te 
mean. 



29.95 
39.63 
29.90 
40.05 
29. 75 



Axis. 



34.60 
34.72 
34.95 
35.02 
34.93 



Value of one division of scale =3'. 69 



Scale-reading of axis 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation . . 

din°.= 



1.29 



Reduction to axis —0 4.8 

Azimuth circle reads 348 56. 8 

Magnetic meridian reads 348 52. 

Mean reading of mark 359 57.2 

Azimuth of mark E. of N. . . 46 36. 

True meridian reads 313 21. 2 

Magnetic declination * 35 30. 8 E. 



1 Date. May 31, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers : Dark andMaxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. in 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12m 

lp.m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings, 



d. 
37.8 
40.0 
32.0 
32.7 
31.1 
31.2 



Brooke declinometer 

readings. 

9a.ni 499 

lOa.m 472 

lla.m 474 

12m 469 

lp.m 4C9 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- C A 359 57 

servations (B 58 

At end of p. m. observa- ( A 359 57 

tions {B 58 

Mean 359 57.5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 




Line of detor- 
sion 265 

Az. circled 348 5? 



55 



Line of detor- 
siou 244 



al 


Scale-read- 




ings. 


E 


3L2 


31.2 


1 


30.9 


46.1 


E 


27.6 


34.8 


1 


27.0 


50.0 


E 


22.4 


40.2 


I 


32.5 


46.5 


E 


25.9 


33.7 



Mean 



31.20 
38.50 
31.20 
38.50 
31.30 
39.50 
29.80 



Altn'te 
mean. 



31.20 
38.50 
31.25 
39.00 
30.55 



Axis. 



34.85 
34.85 
34.88 
35.15 
35.03 



Value of one division of scale- =3'. 69 



Scale reading of axis 34. 95 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation. . . 33. 26 



diff.= 



1.69 



Reduction to axis — 06.2 

Azimuth circle roads 348 54.0 

Magnetic meridian reads 348 47.8 

Mean reading of mask 359 57.5 

Azimuth of mark E. of N... 46 36.0 

True meridian reads 313 21.5 

Magnetic declination 35 26. 3 E 



[Date, Juno 14, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L/, suspended. Observers: Dark and Maxlield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 
12m .. 

1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 
44.0 
43.0 
39.0 
34.5 
34.1 
34,2 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 499 

9a.m 500 

lOa.m 486 

lla.m 470 

12m 471 

lp.m 469 



d. 

38. 13 482. 5 
475.7 



Line of detor- 
sion 300 



Az. circle 



A. 348 40 



B. 



42 



Line of detor- 
sion 28C 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o I 

At beginning of a. m. ob- 5 A. 359 56 

servations { B. 53 

At end of p. m. observa- 5 A. 359 56 

tions IB. 58 

Mean 359 57 

Value ofone division of scale =3' 69 

Scale-reading of axis 34.87* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation . . 36. 29 

diff.= 1. 42 



Reduction to axis +0 5. 2 

Azimuth circle reads 348 41. 

Magnetic meridian reads 348 46. 2 

Mean reading of m ark 359 57. 

Azimuth of mark E. of N. . - 40 36. 

True meridian reads 313 21.0 

Magnetic declination 35 25. 2 E, 



Eroni observations of May 31 and July 14. 1883. 



88 



600 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic declination — Continued, 



[Date, June 30, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L/, suspended. Observers: Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m.. 
1 p. m 



Mean 
scale- 
readings. 



d. 
39.0 
48.0 
43.0 
45.0 
53.0 
50.0 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 448 

9a.m 498 

10 a.m 482 

lla.m 484 

12m 514 

lp.m 499 



d. 
46. 33 487. 5 
• 475.7 

-3.20 = 11.8 



Lineof de-torsion. 60 
A,.circle...{£ 3 »« 
Lineof detorsion 62 



Computation. 



Beading of mark. 

At beginning of a. m. ob-C A. 359 56 

servations \ B. 58 

At end of p. m. observa- { A. 359 56 

tions ') B. 58 

Mean 359 57 

Value of one division of scale =3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis 34.79* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
*W. magnetic elongation... 43.13 

diff.= 8.34 

Reduction to axis +0 30.8 

A zininth circle reads 347 48. 5 

Magnetic meridian reads 348 19. 3 

Mesm reading of mark 359 57.0 

Azimuth of mark E. oi'N... 46 36.0 
True meridian reads 313 21.0 

Magnetic declination 34 58. 3 



N. B Instruments -very much disturbed all the morning. 

* Prom observations of May 31 and July 14, 1883. 



[Date, July 14, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer 
No. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: Dark and Maxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m . . 

9 a. m . . 

10 a. m . . 

11 a. m . . 

12 m.... 
1 p.m.. 



Mean 

seale- 

readmgs. 



d. 

39.0 
32.0 
38.0 
19.9 
27.0 
18.1 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8 a. m 513 

9a.m 474 

10 a.m 482 

11 a.m 4G4 

12m 471 

lp.m 407 



Computation. 



Heading of mark. 

o / 

At beginning of a. m. ob- J A. 359 57 

servations ) B. 56 

At end of p. m. observa- j A. 359 56 

tions f B. 57 

Mean 359 50.5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 



Scale-read- 
ings. 



d. 

29.00 



478.5 
473.9 



- 1.25 = 4.( 

27.75 



Lineof detorsion- 324 
A,circle...{£;^33 

Lineof detorsion 275 
Till lp.m., then. 950 



16.6 
29.8 
05.6 
40.4 
01.9 
36.0 
02. G 



19.6 
72.8 
30.0 
58.0 
32.7 
68.6 
30.0 



Mean. 



18.10 
51.30 
17.80 
52.20 
17.30 
52. 30 
10.30 



Altn'te 



17.95 
51.75 
17.55 
52.25 
16.80 



Axis. 



d. 



34.63 
34.79 
34. S8 

34.77 
34.55 



Scale-reading of axis 34. 72 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation ... 27. 75 

diff.= 6.97 



Reduction to axis —0 25.7 

Azimuth circle reads 349 34. 

Magnetic meridian reads. 349 08.3 

Mean reading of mark 359 56. 5 

Azimuth of mark E. of N... 46 36.0 

True m eridian reads 313 20. 5 

Magnetic declination 35 47. 8 E. 



N. B. — New suspension thread put in just before observation. 



[Date, July 31, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetometer. 
Magnet L„ suspended. Observer: A. C. Dark.] 



Time. 



8 a. m . 

9 a. m . 

10 a. m . 

11 a. m. 

12 m ... 
1 p. m. 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

39.0 

33.0 

29.0 

29.0 

46.0 

45.0 



Biooke declinometer 
readings. 

8 a. m 477 

9 a. m 455 

HI a, in 449 

lla.m 449 

12m 511 

1 p. m 515 



36. 83 476. 
473.9 



-.57 = 2.1 
36.26 



Lineof detorsion- 360 

A. 353 09 
.B. 11 
Line of detorsion 108 



Az. ciicle 



Computation. 



Reading of mark. 

o 1 

At beginning of a. m. ob- C A. 359 56 

servations ( B. 57 

At end of p. m. observa- 5 A. 359 56 

tions \B. 57 

Mean 359 56.5 

Value of one division of scale. =3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis 35. OS* 

Mean scale-reading of E. and 
W. magnetic elongation ... 36. 26 

diff.= 1.17 

Reduction to axis -f0 4.3 

Azimuth circle reads 353 10.0 

Magnetic meridian reads. 353 14.3 

Mean reading of mark 359 56. 5 

Azimuth of mark E. of N ... 46 36.0 
True mci klir.n reads 313 20. 5 

Magnetic declination 39 53. 8 E. 



N. 13. — Both instruments much disturbed. 
♦Mean of observations of July 14 and August 14. 



TDate. August 14, 1883, local time. Instrument, unifilar magnetome- 
ter A'o. 11. Magnet L„ suspended. Observers: DarkandMaxfield.] 



Time. 



8 a. m . 

9 a. m . 
10a.m. 
11 a. m . 
12m ... 

1 p. in . 



Mean 
scale- 
readings 



d. 

39.0 
40.0 
37.2 
29.4 
18.7 
46.2 



Brooke declinometer 
readings. 

8a.m 490 

9a.m 496 

lOa.m 484 

lla.m 457 

12m 419 

lp.m 521 



35. 08 477. 8 
473.3 



-1.22 =4.5 



33.86 



Lineof detorsion. 30 

A . , C A. 348 57 

Az. circle... I B 58 

Lineof detorsion . 27 



Computation. 



Heading of mark. 

At beginning of a. in. ob-( A. 359 57 

servations ( B. 58 

At end of p. m. observa- £ A. 359 57 

tions JB. 58 

Mean 359 57.5 



Determination of axis of magnet. 



Scale. 



Scale-read- 
ings. 



30.6 
32.8 
30.0 
35.0 
31.7 
31.8 
32.0 



37.2 
40.8 
37.3 
40.8 
34.9 
42.8 
35.0 



Mean. 



3X 90 
3G. 80 
33. 65 
37.90 
33.30 
37.30 
33.50 



Axis. 



d. 



33. 7S 35. 29 

37. 35 : 35. 50 

33.47 35.69 

37.60 3" 4 5 

33.40 I 35.35 



Valueof onedivisionof scale. =3'. 69 

Scale-reading of axis.. ... 35. 4G 
Mean scale-reading of E. and 

W. magnetic elongation... 33.86 

diff— 1. 60 



Reduction to axis —0 5.9 

Azimuth ciicle reads 348 57.5 



Magnetic meridian reads 348 51.6 

Mean leading of mark 359 57. 5 

Azimuth of niavkE. of N.... 40 36 

True meridian reads 313 21.5 



Magnetic declination 35 30. 1 E. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



601 



Recapitulation of results for declination. 



1881. 
December 11. 

1882. 
January 24 . . 

April 18 

May 24 

June 17,18. .. 
July 19, 20 ... 
August 19 ... 

August 31 

September 14 
September 30 
October 14 . . . 
October 31... 
November 16 
November 30 
December 14. 



*35 

37 
39 
39 
39 
39 
t41 
*41 
||41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
41 



15.7 


28.8 


49.9 


06.1 


47.4 


54.0 


14.9 


23.4 


19.7 


35.5 


23.0 


17.7 


18.7 


14.7 


08.8 



1883. 
January 1.. 
January 14. 
January 31. 
February 14 
February 28 

March 14 

March 31 ... 

April 14 

April 30 .... 

May 14 , 

May31 , 

June 14 

June 30 

July 14 , 

July31 

August 14.. 



41 
41 
41 
41 
40 
36 

§35 
35 
35 
35 
35 
35 
34 
35 

1135 
35 



15.1 
10.3 
24.7 
26.1 
16.7 
02.0 
33.3 
31.7 
26.4 
30.8 
26.3 
25.2 
58.3 
47.8 
53.8 
30.1 



* Torsion probably attended to. The first 7 results all refer to the mean of the day, hourly 

observations being given, 
t New azimuth from here. 
1 Unreduced to mean of day. 
§ Torsion attended to from here to end. 
|| Reducod to mean of month from here to end. 
if Record gives 39°, a misreading of az. cir. of 4° assumed 



H. Ex. 44- 



-76 



= 



APPENDIX No. 4. 



OBSERVATIONS MADE AT UGLAAMIE, ALASKA, IN 1881-'82-'83, FOE DETERMINING THE ABSOLUTE 
MAGNETIC HORIZONTAL INTENSITY, TOGETHER WITH THE COMPUTATION AND A RECAPITU- 
LATION OF RESULTS. 



[Computer, E. H. Courteuay.] 



in , . f 



) 



Date, December 17, 1881. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


Date, December 18, 1881. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


odolito magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. 


right angles to Magnot S„ suspended. Distance r = 1.25 feet. 


Observer, M. Smith. 




Observer, M. Smith. 






•4 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




a 


Circle readings. 




Circle roadiugs. 


a 


+3 






at 

a 


.a 
















i 




















a 


o 

to 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


Ji 


Mean. 


a 


o 

to 


No. 


A 


JbJ 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








© / 


/ 


, 




o / 


, 


, 








O ' 


, 


, 




O 1 


i 


, 




E. 


1 


233 12 


14 


13.0 












E. 


1 


233 15 


16 


15.5 










4* 


w. 










2 


228 49 


50 


49.5 


^3 


W. 










2 


228 52 


53 


52.5 


ri 


E. 


3 


233 13 


15 


14.0 












E. 


3 


233 16 


16 


16.0 










« 


W. 










4 


228 51 


52 


51.5 


H 


W. 










4 


53 


53 


53.0 




E. 


5 


233 12 


13 


12.5 












E. 


5 


233 15 


17 


16.0 










Mean 


13.17 




50.50 


Mean 


15.83 




52.75 




W. 










6 


228 49 


50 


49.5 




W. 










6 


228 54 


55 


54.5 


-4* 


E. 


7 


233 17 


15 


16.0 










■+3 


E. 


7 


233 13 


15 


14.0 










9 


W. 










8 


48 


47 


47.5 


<x> 


W. 










8 


55 


56 


55.5 


fc 


E. 


9 


16 


13 


14.5 










Is 


E. 


9 


14 


16 


15.0 












"W". 








15.25 


10 


50 


51 


50.5 




W. 










10 


54 


55 


54 5 


Mean 




49.17 


Mean 


14.5 




54.83 


Computation. 




Computation. 




O 1 




Log'ms. 


O 1 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2m= 4 22. 67 




£ 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2u= 4 23. 08 




J 9. 69887 


Magnet West, 2m= 26. 08 




r< 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2w= 19. 67 
Mean 21. 38 




r* 0. 29073 


Moan • 24. 38 




Sin. u 8. 58482 




Sin. u 8. 5798C 


tt= 2 12.19 

i o 














m 8. 57452 









m 8. 56950 


Time of beginning 1 L 27 m 
Time of ending 1 55 


Temp. —10. 8 




Bl 


Time of beginning l" 1 15™ 
Time of ending 1 40 


Temp. -20. 9 




S 


Temp. - 9. 8 






Terap. -20. 






Mean 1 41 


«=-10. 3 






Mean 1 27. 5 


(=-20.45 







602 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 603 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, Deeonibor 19, 1881. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


Date, January 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet. 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r =1. 25 feet. 


Observer, M. Smith. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 






•6 

a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




■a 
a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


o 








o 










be 




















bo 


'f, 


















S 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


9 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o t 


/ 


, 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


233 13 


15 


14.0 












E. 


1 


235 18 


18 


18.0 










-*3 


W. 










2 


228 50 


52 


51.0 


43 


W. 










2 


230 38 


38 


38.0 


C3 


E. 


3 


12 


14 


13.0 










% 


E. 


3 


09 


09 


09.0 










m 


W. 










4 


49 


51 


50.0 


m 


W. 










4 


34 


34 


34.0 




E. 


5 


12 


14 


13.0 






53 


50.50 
52.0 




E. 


5 


12 


12 


12.0 
13.00 


6 








Mean 


13.33 




Mean 




36.00 


W. 










6 


228 51 


W. 










230 39 


39 


39.0 


43 


E. 


7 


233 11 


13 


12.0 










■g 


E. 


7 


235 29 


28 


28.5 










<D 


W. 










8 


52 


54 


53.0 


9 


W. 










8 


38 


38 


38.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


10 


12 


11.0 










1* 


E. 





24 


24 


24.0 












W. 










10 


53 


55 


54.0 




W. 










10 


30 


30 


30.0 




Moan 


11.50 




53.00 




Mean 


26.25 






35.67 


Computation. 


Computation. 




O 1 


Log'ms. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East.2w = 4 22.83 


\ 9. 69897 


Magnet East,2«.= 4 37.00 




i 9. OU697 


Magnet West, 2 u = 18. 50 


r» 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u = 4 50. 58 
Mean 4 43. 79 




r 3 0. 29073 


Mean 20. 66 


Sin. u 8.57867 




Sin. u 8. 01559 


u= 2 10.33 

1 ° 










m 8. 56837 




o 




^ 8. 60529 


Time of hegiuning l h 12™ 1 Temp. -27. 8 


EC 


Time of beginning 2 h 55"' 


Temp. - 8 




S 


Time of ending 1 35 | Temp. -27. 5 




Time of ending 


3 35 


Temp. - 8 






M 


lean 




1 23 


5 i 
1 


(=-2 


7.65 










Mean 


a. 


m. 3 15 




t=- 


8 









Date, January 19, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


Date, January 20, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 
right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet. 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 
right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 




1 -a 1 ! 
. | o ■ Circle readings. Circle readings. 






Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


© i 
a 2 
SP ! V. 




a 


A 








































& | fc 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


3 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 






o i 


, 


, 




o / 


I 


, 




O 1 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


235 26 


26 


26.0 










E. 


1 


234 54 


54 


54.0 










*> 


W. 










2 


230 38 


38 


38.0 


*: W. 










2 


230 24 


24 


24.0 


09 


E. 


3 


22 


22 


22.0 










3 E. 


3 


59 


59 


59.0 










H 


W. 










4 


35 


35 


35.0 


H W. 










4 


32 


32 


32.0 




E. 


5 


24 


24 


24.0 










E. 


5 


56 


56 


56.0 












Mean 


24.00 




36.50 




Mean 


56.33 


6 




28.00 


W. 








6 


230 34 I 34 


34.0 


W. 










230 27 


27 


27.0 


•+» 


E. 


7 


235 20 


20 


20.0 








43 


E. 


7 


234 57 


58 


57.5 










9 


W. 










8 


30 30 


30.0 


<D 


W. 










8 


26 


26 


26.0 


|s 


E. 


9 


22 


22 


22.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


52 


53 


52.5 












W. 








21.00 


10 


33 


33 


33.0 




W. 










10 


21 


21 


21.0 


Mean 




32.33 


Mean 


55.00 




24.67 


Computation. 


Computation. 




O ' 


Log'ms. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2«= 4 47.50 


4 9. 69897 


Magnet East,2u= 4 28.33 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 « = 48. 67 


r* 0. 29073 


Maghet West, 2 u= 30. 33 




r* 0. 29073 


Mean 48. 08 


Sin. u 8. 62208 


Mean 29. 33 




Sin. it 8. 59288 












1 ° 


m 8. 61178 




o 




"* 8. 58258 


Time of beginning 3 k 15 m Temp. — 6 


S 


Time of beginning 3 h 20"' 


Temp. — 2 




H 


Time of ending 3 50 [ Temp. — 6 
Moan a.m. 3 32.51 f=—6 




Time of ending 
Mean a 


3 50 


Temp. — 2 






in. 3 35 


t =- 2 


1 


i 


! 







60-1 EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, February 16, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetom- 


Date, February 17, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetom- 


eter No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Mag- 
net S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. C. 


eter No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Mag- 
net S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. C. 


Dark. 




Dark. 


43 

a 

M 
3 


•6 
a 

o 

XI 
u 
o 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


o 
a 
bo 




xl 
u 

& 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o ' / 


, 


/ 




O ' 


/ 


/ 








o / 


i 


/ 




o / 


1 


, 




E. 


1 


230 30 


30 


30.0 












E. 


1 


230 10 


12 


11.0 










+=> 


W. 










2 


226 12 


13 


12.5 


■4= 


W. 










2 


225 47 


48 


47.5 


ri 


E. 


3 


49 


49 


49.6 










rt 


E. 


3 


26 


27 


26.5 










H 


W. 










4 


40 


42 


41.0 


H 


W. 










4 


20 


21 


20.5 




E. 


5 


35 


35 


35.0 

38.00 


6 










E. 


5 


18 


20 


19.0 








34.00 
~35.1T~ 


Mean 




26.75 

~oi.o 


Mean 


18.83 




W. 








226 00 


02 


W. 








6 


225 35 


3fi 




E. 


7 


230 20 


21 


20.5 












E. 


7 


230 10 


12 


11.0 










(O 


W. 










8 


10 


12 


11.0 


m 


W. 










8 


40 


41 


40.5 


£ 


E. 


9 


25 


26 


25.5 










$ 


E. 


9 


30 


32 


31.0 










W. 








23.00 


10 


20 


20 


20.0 


W. 










10 


59 


59 


59.0 
45.00 


Mean 




10.67 


Mean 


21.00 




Computation. 




Computation. 


O ' 

Magnet East, 2u= 4 11. 25 




Log'ms. 


O 1 

Magnet East, 2 u= 4 44. 83 


Log'ms. 


Magnet West 2 u- 12. 33 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 u= 36. 00 


i 9. 69897 


Mean 11. 79 




r» 0. 29073 


Mean 40. 42 


r« 0. 29073 


u= 2 05. 90 




Sin. u 
m 


8. 56365 


u= 2 20. 21 


Sin. u 8.61038 
m 8. 60008 


Time of beginning l h 15™ 


Temp.— 1.4 


8. 55335 


Time of beginning l h 55™ 


Temp.— 3.0 


Time of ending 


2 15 


Temp.- 0.8 




S 


Time of ending 


2 30 


Temp.- 3.5 


S 


M 


lean 




1 45 




t=- 


1.1 








Mean 




2 12.5 




t =- 3. 25 











Date, February 18, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetom- 


Date, March 17, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer 


eter No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Mag- 
net S„ suspended. Distance r= 1. 25 feet. Observer, A C. 
Dark 


No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Magnet 
S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. C. 
Dark. 




•a 

a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


a 
to 


43 






© 

a 

bO 


;g 




































, X 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


3 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


/ 


, 








o / 


, 


, 




o I 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


230 44 


45 


44.5 












E. 


1 


231 54 


53 


53.5 










43 


AV. 










2 


226 16 


18 


17.0 


43 


W. 










2 


227 27 


28 


27.5 


a 


E. 


3 


40 


41 


40.5 










cj 


E. 


3 


54 


56 


55.0 










H 


W. 










4 


15 


15 


15.0 


w 


W. 










4 


36 


38 


37.0 




E. 


5 


40 


40 


40.0 












E. 


5 53 

1 


55 


54.0 




| 






Mean. 


41.67 




16.00 




Mean. 


54.17 


6 




32.25 
33.5 


W. 










6 


226 09 


10 


09.5 


W. 










227 34 


33 




E. 


7 


230 38 


40 


39.0 












E. 


7 


231 60 


60 


60.0 










00 


W. 










8 


10 


12 


11.0 


00 


W. 










8 


27 


27 


27.6 


is 


E. 


9 


39 


40 


39.5 










$ 


E. 


9 


54 


56 


55.0 










W. 








39.25 


10 


03 


04 


03.5 

08.0 


W. 










10 


27 


28 


27.5 
29.83 


Mean. 




Mean. 


59.50 




Computation. 


Computation. 




O I 

Magnet East, 2 u= 4 25. 67 


Log'ms. 


O ' 

Magnet East, 2 «= 4 21. 92 




Log'ms. 


Magnet West, 2u= 31.25 


J 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 u= 28. 17 
Mean 25. 04 




1 9. 69897 


Mean 28. 46 


r 3 0. 29073 




r* 0. 29073 


u= 2 14.23 

1 ° 
Time of beginning l b 21" Temp. —11. 5 


Sin. u 
m 


8. 59147 


«= 2 12. 52 




Sin. u 
m 


8. 58590 


fi. 58117 


Time of beginning l h 25™ 


Temp.- 1 


8. 57560 


Time of ending 1 52 ! Temp.— 9.5 


H 


Time oi ending 


1 48 


Temp.-f 1 




H 


a 


lean 




1 36. 


5 


t--\ 


0.5 










1 * 


lean 




1 36.5 




t = 












EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



605 



Date, March 18, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer 


Date, March 19, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer 


No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Magnet 


No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


right angles to Magnet 


S„ suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet. Observer, A. C. Dark. 


S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. C. Dark. 






Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 




a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


09 

a 
bo 


£ 








a 

60 


3 




































a 


o 


No. 


A 


b 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


3 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 








O ' 


, 


/ 




o / 


, 


i 




E. 


1 


231 46 


44 


45.0 












E. 


1 


231 48 


48 


48.0 










•*s 


W. 










2 


227 08 


08 


08.0 


-»3 


W. 










2 


227 16 


16 


16.0 


a 


E. 


3 


41 


43 


42.0 










c3 


E. 


3 


49 


49 


49.0 










H 


"W. 










4 


12 


12 


12.0 


H 


AV. 










4 


18 


18 


18.0 




E. 


5 


40 


40 


40.0 


6 










E. 


5 


48 


48 


48.0 
48.33 








17.00 


Mean 


42.33 




10.00 
14.0 


Mean 




"W. 










227 14 


14 


AV. 










6 


227 17 


17 


17.0 




E. 


7 


231 44 


44 


44.0 












E. 


7 


231 49 


49 


49.0 










■*=> 


AV. 










8 


08 


08 


08.0 


43 


"W. 










8 


14 


14 


14.0 


o> 


E. 


9 


45 


45 


45.0 










© 


E. 


9 


48 


48 


48.0 










fcs 


W. 










10 


06 


06 


06.0 


£ 


W. 








48.50 


10 


24 


24 


24.0 
18.33 


Mean 


44.50 




09.33 


Mean 




Compiitetion, 




Co?np«tatioji. 




O ' 




Log'ms. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 32.33 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet Ea3t, 2 m= 4 31. 33 




i 9. 69897 


Magno'. West,2w= 35.17 




r=< 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 30.17 




»■> 0. 29073 


Mean. 33. 75 




Sin. u 8. 59995 


Mean. 30. 75 




Sin. u 8. 59517 














Time of beginning l h 26 01 


o 
Temp. — 2. 




?™ 8. 58965 


Time of beginning l b 26 ra 
Time of ending 1 54 




Temp. 4 




VJL 8. 58487 


Time of ending 


1 50 


Temp. — 0.0 






Temp. 6 






1 


[ean 




1 38 




t=- 


1.0 








Mean 




1 40 






t=5. 














Date, April 17, 1882. Gottingen time. Djstrument. theodo- 


Date, April 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ 


deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L 
angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Di 


; deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r = 1.25 feet. 


stance r = 1.25 feet. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 




Observer, A. C. Dark. 






-a 

a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 




T3 - 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


"§ 



to 


J3 








p 
so 


£ 






































% 


£ 


No. 


A 


B | Mean. 

1 


No. 


A 


a 


Mean. 


3 


| 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


t 


/ 








o / 


/ 


/ 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


230 26 


26 


26.0 












E. 


1 


231 55 


55 


55.0 










+3 


AV. 










2 


226 36 


36 


36.0 


*s 


W. 










2 


227 44 


44 


44.0 


a 


E. 


3 


232 18 


20 


19.0 










s 


E. 


3 


53 


53 


53.0 










H 


AV". 










4 


229 00 


00 


00.0 


H 


W. 










4 


45 


45 


45.0 




E. 


5 


233 20 


22 


21.0 


6 






48.00 
~~25.~<F 




E. 


5 


58 


58 


58.0 


6 






44.50 


Mean. 232 


02.00 


227 


Mean. 


55.33 


227 42 1 42 


AV. 








230 25 


25 


W. | 






42.0 




E. 


7 


233 54 


54 


54.0 












E. 7 


231 60 


60 


60.0 








to 


AV. 










8 


229 05 


05 


05.0 


+3 


W. 








8 


46 ! 46 


46.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


230 50 


50 


50.0 










10 


E. 


9 


59 


59 


59.0 








AV. 








22.00 


10 


226 06 


06 


0G.0 
32.00 


ts 


W. 










10 


44 44 

1 


44.0 
44.00 


Mean ' 232 


228 


Mean. 


59.50 


Computation. 




Computation. 




/ 


Log'ms. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


"Magnet East, 2«= 4 14.00 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet East. 2 u= 4 10. 83 




i 9 69897 


Magnet West, 2u= 3 50.00 




r> 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u = 15. 50 




r* 0. 29073 


Mian 4 02. 00 




Sin. u 8. 54642 


Mean. 13. 16 




Sin. u 8. 56599 


u= 2 01.00 







u = 2 06. 58 




- — . 




o 




m 8. 53612 




o 




m 8. 55569 


Time ot beginning l h 15™ 


Temp. 21.0 




3 


Time of beginning l h 20 m 


Temp. 12. 




.ff 


Time of'ending 


1 50 


Temp. 21.0 






Time of ending 


1 45 


Temp. 18. 






M 


ean 




1 32.5 




t= 2 


1.0 








M 


ean 




1 32.5 




t= 1 


5.0 









606 EXPEDITION" TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity, &c. — Continued. 




Date, May 18, 1^82. Gb'tlingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date, May 19, 18?2. Gottingen timo. Instrument, theodo- 


lite raagnetometerNo.il. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. 


Observer, A. C. Dart. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 


a Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 






Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


Magne 
North 






a 

SP 


3 






No. A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


1 


/ 


/ 




o / 


t 


/ 








o / 


/ 


, 




O ' 


, 


, 


E. 1 1 232 37 


37 


37.0 










E. 


1 


233 30 


30 


30.0 










+3 "W. 






2 


228 15 ! 15 


15.0 


-^ 


W. 










2 


228 18 


1.6 


17.0 


I , E. 1 3 


40 


40 


40.0 




1 




c3 


E. 


3 


30 


30 


30.0 










W W. ! 








4 


14 14 


14.0 


W 


"W. 










4 


01 


01 


01.0 




E. | 5 


39 


39 


39.0 










E. 


5 


25 1 27 


26.0 












Mean. 


38.67 




14.50 




Mean. 


28.67 




09.00 


W. | I 






6 


228 20 1 20 


20.0 


W. 








6 


228 15 


13 


14.0 




E. 7 232 35 


35 


35.0 








-+j 


E. 


7 


232 23 


23 


23.0 








ro 


W. 






8 


22 


22 


22.0 


© 


W. 










8 


07 


07 1 07.0 




E. 9 


33 


33 


33.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


21 


21 


21.0 








W. ! 




34. 00 


10 


24 


24 


24.0 




W. 
Mean 










10 


07 


07 ; 07.0 


Mean. 




22.00 




22.00 


; 09. 33 


Computation. 


Computation. 


I 


Log'ms. 


O 1 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u = 4 24. 17 


4 9. G9897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 19. 67 


J 9. C9SD7 


Magnet West, 2 u = 12. 00 


r* 0. 29073 


Magnet West. 2 u= 12. 67 


r 1 0. 29073 


Mean. 18. 08 


Sin. u 8. 57442 


Mean. X6. 17 


Sin. « a 57111 






tt= 2 08. 08 

o 

Time of beginning l h 30™ Temp. 36. 




Time of beginning l* 1 20 m 




Temp. 47 


H 8. 56412 


™ 8. 56081 
H 


Time of ending 


1 45 


Temp. 45 




Time of ending 1 50 Temp. 36. 5 




M 


ean a. 


m. 


1 32.5 




t= 


40.0 










1 


lean a 


. m. 


1 4( 


1 

1 


« = S 


6.25 











EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. C07 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, June 17, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date, June ]8, 1882. Oottingen time. Instrument, 


theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ 


deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. 


angles to Miignut S„ suspended. Distance »■= 1.25 tcet. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 






a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


. 


a Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


a 

M 


-a 






4> 

a 
























"S 1 












M 


o 
to 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


b 


Mean. 


a 


1 F* 


A B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 






O ' 


, 


, 




O ' 


, 


/ 




J 


o / 


i 


/ 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


53 26 


24 


25.0 












E. ! 1 


53 46 


44 


45.0 










-^ 


W. 










2 


49 23 21 


22.0 


£ 1 E. ! 3 








2 


49 30 23 ; 29. 


a 


JS. 


3 


31 


30 


30.5 




i 




45 


43 


44.0 




! j 


H 


w. 








4 


24 j 22 


23.0 


, H \ W. | j 






4 


28 ! 26 1 27. 




E. 


5 35 


34 


34.5 




i 




E. j 5 41 


39 


40.0 








Mean 


30 00 




22. 50 
27.0 


' Mean 


43.00 


6 




28.00 


"W. 








6 


49 28 26 




W. 






49 23 


21 


22.0 


•g 


E. 


7 


53 46 


46 


46.0 










w 


E. ' 7 


53 37 


35 36. 








.? 


W. 










8 


28 


26 


27.0 


to 


\V. 




; 8 


20 


18 


19.0 


|e 


E. 


9 


49 


47 


48.0 










Is 


E. ! 9 


37 


35 ! 36.0 ' 










W. 










10 


31 


29 


30.0 




W. j 




" 


13 


11 


12.0 




Mean 




47. 00 i 


28.00 




Mean 36.00 ! 

• 


1 17. 67 


Comptttalion. 


Computation. 




O 1 


Xong'ms. 


o - 




Long'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 it= 4 07. 50 


i 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 15. 00 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2u= 19.00 


r> 0. 2fa073 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 18. 33 




r 3 0. 29U73 


Mean 13. 25 


Sin. u 8. 56613 


Mean 16. 06 




Sin.tt 8.57196 


«=2 06.62 


. 


u—2 08.33 









Time of beginning 2 h 22» Temp. 53 


^ 8. 55583 


Time of beginning l h 23™ 




Temp. 50 




™ 8. 5G166 


Time of ending 


2 50 


Temp. 53 




Time of ending 1 54 


Temp. 50 






Mt 


:an 


• 


2 36 




«=53 













Mean 


1 38.5 




t= 50. 









Date, June 19, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date, Julv 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, 


theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Maguet L,, deflecting at right I 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. 


Distance r=1.25 feet. 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance 


r=y. 


>5 feet. 


Observer, A. C. Dark. 




Observer, A. C. Dark. 








a | Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




'O i 

g i Circle readings. Circle readings. 


a 


n ! 




© 


-i 1 I 






* 










| 


bo 


t. 1 


! : 








3 


o |no. 


A 


B | Mean. 

1 


No. 


A 


B | Mean. 

| 


!* 


a 

to 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. (No. 


A 


B 


Moan. 








o / 




, 




o / 


1 






o / 


, 


, 


O ' 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


54 00 


00 


00.0 






1 




E. 1 


233 55 i 53 54. j 






+3 


"W. 










2 1 . 


49 1 50. 


43 


■w. 


1 2 


229 45 


43 


44.0 


cS 


E. 


3 


53 55 I 53 


54.0 








Cfl 


E. 1 3 


61 : 59 ! 60. j 








m 


W. 




1 


4 


59 


57 ! 58.0 


H 


"W. | 


4 


45 


43 


44.0 




E. 


5 


54 00 ; 00 


00.0 










E. 1 5 


65 . 63 j 64. 












Mean 53 


58.00 


6 1 49 47 


54. 00 


. 


Mean 

W. i i 


59.33 


6 1 229 46 


44 


44 00 
45.0 


"W. 1 






45 1 46. n 




«o 


E. 7 


54 00 


00 


00.0 


l i 


< <n 


E. I 7 ! 234 04 j 02 


03.0 










* 


W. 








8 1 50 ' 48 j 49.0 


' * 


W. | ! 




8 


39 


37 


38.0 


E. 9 


00 


00 


00.0 




E. 1 9 | 02 i 00 ; 01.0 1 








W. i 

: i 
Mean 

1 








10 ] 52 | 50 i 51.0 

j 48. 67 

1 




W. j 10 


43 


41 


42.0 

. . 

41. 67 ! 


00.00 


Mean '. 02.00 | 

1 ! 


Computation 




Computation. 






o / 


Logins. | 


a i 




] 


-.og'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 04. 00 




J 9 69S97 


Magnet East, 2 «= 4 15. 33 




,i 


9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 m= 1 1 . 33 




r 3 2907H 


Magnet West, 2 u= 20. 33 
Mean. 17. 83 




0. 20073 


Mean 07. 66 




Sin. w 8. 55646 


Sin 


. u 


8. 57394 


u= 2 03. 83 o 







u= 2 08. 92 o 









Time of beginning l h 20'" Temp. 6C 




% 8. 54616 


Time of beginning l' 1 20'» 


Temp. 48 




111 


8.56364 


Time of ending 


1 50 


Temp. 6( 




Time of ending 1 50 


Temp. 48 




11 


it 


^ean 




1 35 




(==GC 


.0 








& 


[ean 




1 35 






t=U 


.0 





608 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, July 19, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 


Date, July 20, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 


magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L;, deflecting at right 
angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet. 


magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 
angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r = 1.25 feet. 
Ohserver, A. C. Dark. 


Observer, A. C. Dart. 




•a 




Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




■6 
a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


a 

a 


,g 








a 


■g 






































M 


S 


no. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


a 


O 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


/ 


, 




O 1 


/ 


/ 








o / 


-/ 


, 




o / 


1 


, 




E. 


1 


233 40 


38 


39.0 












E. 


1 


234 02 


00 


01.0 










45 


"W. 










2 


229 31 


29 


30.0 


43 


W. 










2 


229 49 


47 


48.0 


a 


E. 


3 


46 


44 


45.0 










S 


E. 


3 


03 


01 


02.0 










H 


"W. 










4 


31 


29 


30.0 


H 


W. 










4 


53 


51 


52.0 




E. 


5 


52 


50 


51.0 












E. 


5 


02 


00 


01.0 








50.00 
50.0 


Mean 


45.00 




30.0 
30.0 


Mean 


01.33 




"W. 










6 


229 31 


29 


W. 










6 


229 51 


49 


•49 


E. 


7 


233 51 


49 


50.0 










■♦=• 


E. 


7 


234 10 


08 


09.0 










« 


"W". 










8 


39 


37 


38.0 


© 


W. 










8 


52 


50 


51.0 


N 


E. 


9 


51 


49 


50.0 










^ 


E. 


9 


08 


06 


07.0 












W. 










10 


41 


39 


40.0 




W. 










10 


52 


50 


51.0 




Meai 




50.00 




36.00 




Mean 




08.00 






50.67 


Computation. 


CojwpMtation. 


C 1 


Log'ms. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u— 4 15. 00 


1 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 11. 33 


4 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2«= 14. 00 
Mean 14. 50 


r 5 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2m= 17. 33 
Mean 14. 33 


r 3 0. 29073 


Sin. u 8. 56828 


Sin. u 8. 56800 










Time of beginning l h 25 m 




Temp. 58 


55 8. 55798 


Time of heginning l h 30 m 


o 
Temp. 62 


5J. 8. 55770 


Time of ending 


1 50 


Temp. 58 




Time of ending 


1 50 


Temp. 62 




A 


[can 




1 37.5 




t = 


58.0 










Mean 




1 40 




t = 


62.0 




• 







Date, August 17, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetome- 


Date, August 18, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetome- 


ter, No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Mag- 


ter No. 11. Magnet L, ; deflecting at right angles to Mag- 


net S" suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. 
C. Dart. 


net S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet. Observer, A. 
C. Dark. 




■a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




>6 
a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


a 

a 


£ 






CD 

a 

tX) 


g 






































a 


O 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


JSo. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


IS 


O 


JSo. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








' 


/ 


, 




o / 


# 


i 








o / 


/ 


, 




o / 


/ 


, 




E. 


1 


355 30 


28 


29.0 












E. 


1 


355 04 


02 


03.0 










+3 


W. 










2 


351 26 


24 


25.0 


+$ 


W. 










2 


350 52 


50 


51.0 


03 


E. 


3 


30 


28 


29.0 










C3 


E. 


3 


03 


01 


02.0 










H 


W. 










4 


23 


21 


22.0 


H 


W. 










4 


50 


48 


49.0 




E. 


5 


30 


28 


29.0 












E. 


5 


02 


00 


01.0 












Mean 


29.00 




23.50 




Mean 


02.00 




50.00 


W. 










6 


351 31 


29 


30.0 


W. 








6 


350 03 


01 


02.0 


-»3 


E. 


7 


355 36 


34 


35.0 










-*a 


E. 


7 


*355 32 


30 


31.0 










© 


W. 










8 


30 


28 


29.0 


<D 


W. 










8 


350 05 


03 


04.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


38 


36 


37.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


28 


26 


27.0 












W. 










10 


32 


30 


31.0 




W. 




54 






10 


349 58 


56 


57.0 
01.00 


Mean 


36.00 




30.00 


Mean 3 


29.00 


' 350 


Computation. 


Computation. 


° ' Log'ms. 


° ' Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u =4 05. 50 } 9.69897 


Magnet East, 2 u =4 12. 00 \ 9. 69S97 


Magnet West, 2 m == 06.00 »* 0.29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 28.00 r* 0. 2A073 


Mean 05. 75 Sin. u 8. 55311 


Mean 20. 00 Sin. u 8. 57757 


M=2 02.88 

o m 




o m 


Time of heginning l h 20 m 


Temp. 43 S 8 " M281 


Time of heginning l h 20" ■ 


Temp. 39 S "-*™ 1 


Time of ending 1 55 


Temp. 43 


Timo of ending 


1 50 


Temp. 39 


M 


ean 




1 37. 


5 




t= 


13.0 








M 


ean 




1 35 


t — 


39.0 









' No doubt should be 354. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



609 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, August 19, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetome- 


Date, August 31, 1882. Giittingen time. Instrument, the- 


ter No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right angles to Mag- 
net S„ suspended. Distance r=l. 25 i'eet. Observer, A. C. 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ defied ing at 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 


Dark. 


feet. Ohserver, A. C. Dark. 


-*a 


a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


4» 


-d 
S 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


a 

M 


-a 

t; 






8. 


A 






































a 


o 
.3 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


03 


a 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




C ' 


/ 


/ 








o / 


/ 


, 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


355 16 


14 


15.0 












E. 


1 


75 22 


20 


21.0 












W. 










2 


351 08 


06 


07.0 


■» 


W. 










2 


71 14 


12 


13.0 


GO 


E. 


3 


17 


15 


16.0 












E. 


3 


20 


18 


19.0 










w 


W. 










4 


05 


03 


04.0 


H 


W. 










4 


08 


06 


07.0 




E. 


5 


14 


12 


13.0 












E. 


5 


20 


18 


19.0 








10.00 
00.0 


Mean 


14.67 




05.50 
01.0 


Mean. 


19.67 




"W". 










C 


351 02 


00 


W. 








6 


71 03 


00 


-H 


E. 


7 


355 16 


14 


15.0 










43 


E. 


7 


75 10 


08 


09.0 










<o 


W. 










8 


35 04 


02 


03.0 


« 


W. 










8 


02 


00 


01.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


13 


11 


12.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


15 


13 


14.0 












W. 










10 


350 57 

351 00 


55 


56.0 




W. 










10 


03 


01 


02.0 


Mean 


13.50 


00.0' 


Mean 


11.50 




01.0 


Computation. 


Computation. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 09. 17 


1 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 it= 4 09. 67 


i 9. 69897 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 4 13.50 


r* 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 10. 50 


r 3 0. 29073 


Mean 4 11.34 


Sin. u 8. 56285 


Mean 10. 08 


Sin. u 8. 56068 










Time of beginning l h 15 m 
Time of ending 1 55 




Temp. 40 


B 8. 55255 


Time of beginning 4" 1 20 m 




Temp. 40 


^ 8. 55038 


Temp. 40 




Time of ending 


4 50 


Temp. 40 




M 


earn. 




1 35 




t= 


10 










Mean. 




4 35 




t=40 











Date, September 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, 


Date, September 30, 1882. Gottingen 


time. Instrument, 


theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting 


theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting 


at right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 


at right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 


feet; log. r= 0.09691. Observer, A. C. Dark. 


feet; log. r=0.09691. Observer, A. C. 


Dark. 




-d 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




■d 

a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


<D 

a 

SB 


A 






a 
to 


ig 








































a 


O 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


es 




No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


/ 




o / 


/ 


/ 








/ 


, 


/ 




/ 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


175 20 


22 


21 












E. 


1 


75 33 


31 


32 










-*a 


W. 










2 


171 06 


08 1 ill 


43 


W. 










2 


71 15 


13 


14 


cS 


E. 


3 


18 


20 


19 










CS 


E. 


3 


31 


29 


30 










H 


W. 










4 


07 


09 


08 


H 


W. 










4 


13 


11 


12 




E. 


5 


08 


10 


09 
16.33 


6 


171 

170 42 


44 






E. 


5 


32 


30 


31 


6 








Mean 175 


07.5 


' 75 '31 


31 


71 


13 


W. 










43 


"W. 




| 




71 19 


17 


18 


■43 


E. 


7 


174 55 


57 


56 










+3 


E. 


7 


75 36 34 


35 










V 


W. 










8 


40 


42 


41 


<D 


W. 








8 


19 


17 


18 


£ 


E. 


9 


57 


59 


58 










£ 


E. 


9 


35 


33 


34 












"W. 








57 


10 


39 


41 


40 
41.33 




W. 










10 


20 


18 


19 


Mean 174 


170 


Mean 75 


34.5 




18.33 


Computation. 


Computation. 




/ 


Log'ms. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2u=4 08.83 


i 9. 69897, 


Magnet East, 2 u=4 18. 




i 9. 09897 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 4 15.07 


r> 0. 29073 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 4 16.17 




r* 0. 29073 


Mean 4 12. 25 


Sin. u 8. 56442 


Mean 4 17. 08 




Sin. u 8. 57266 

















V" 8. 55412 









m 8. 56236 


Time of beginning 3 h 35 m 


Temp. 42. 5 


H 


Time of beginning 3 b 10 m 


Temp. 44 




S 


Time of ending 4 05 


Temp. 41. 5 




Time of ending 


4 00 


Temp. 44 






A.] 


SI. mea 


n 


3 50 




t=4: 


.0 








i 


A.1 


I. mea 


n 


3 35 




t=44 


.0 









n. Ex. 44- 



-77 



610 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, October 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 
odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet. L„ deflecting at 
right angles to MagnetS,, suspended. Distancer = 1.25 feet; 
log. r=0.Cn691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 



Circle readings. 



No. 



E. 
W. 

E. I 

I" I 
Mean 

W. 

E. 
W. 

E. : 

w. 

Mean 



75 32 
34 
35 

75 

75 33 
32 

75 



B Mean. 



31 
33 
34 
32.67 



32 
31 



31.5 



Circle readings. 



No. 


A 




o / 


2 


71 09 


4 


11 



B Mean. 



71 
71 16 
15 



14 12 



71 



08 
10 



Date, October 31, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 
odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 
right angles to Magnet S„ suspend ed. Distance r = 1.25 feet; 
log. r=0.09G91 Observer. A. C. Dark. 



09 

"15" 

14 
13 



14 



Computation. 



Magnet East, 2m=4 23.67 
Magnet West, 2 «=4 17. 5 
'Mean 4 20. 58 

M=2 10. 29 

Time of beginning 3 h 20" 
Time of ending 4 05 



A. M. mean 



3 42.5 



Temp. 
Temp. 



10.0 
11.0 



«=10. 5 



Log'ms. 

4 9. 69897 

r 3 0. 290Z3 

Sin. u 8. 57853 



H 



8. 56823 



Circle readings. 



No. 



E. 
\V. 
E. 
W. 
E. 



75 21 
22 
26 



Mear 




75 


W. 






E. 


7 


75 20 


W. 






E. 


9 


22 


W. 






Mean 


75 



Mean. 



No. A 



22 
23 
27 



Circle readings. 



24 



21 
23 

22 



71 02 
0G 

71 
71 

71 



6 


71 06 


8 


00 


10 


01 



Mean. 



03 
07 



05 



07 
01 
02 
03.33 



Computation. 



Magnet East, 2m=4 19 
Magnet West, 2 m= 4 18. 67 
Mean 4 18.84 

u— 2 09. 42 

o / 

Time of beginning 4 h 00™ 
Time of ending 4 55 



A.M. mean 



4 27.5 



Temp. 18 
Temp. 19 

fc=18.5 



Log'ms. 

J 9. 69897 

r* 0. 29073 

Sin. u 8. 57562 



m 
3 



8. 56532 



Date, November 14, 1882. . Gottingen time. Dastrurnent, the- 


Date, November 30, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


odolite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L , deflecting at 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet ; 


feet; log. r=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 


log. »-=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






13 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 







Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


a 
bo 








IS 

a 

6H 


3 






































• 


a 


to 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 




i r- 


A 


B 


Mean. 


.No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


/ 




o / 


, 


/ 








o / 


, 


, 




' 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


175 10 


12 


11 












E. 


1 


175 23 


25 


24 












W. 










2 


170 57 


59 


58 




W. 










2 


171 04 


06 


05 


m 


E._ 


3 


15 


17 


16 












E. 


3 


25 


27 


26 










m 


W. I 








4 


55 


57 


56 


H 


W. 










4 


03 


05 


04 


E. 1 5 


15 


17 


16 












E. 


5 


26 


28 


27 












Mean 175 


14.33 


' 170 


57 




Mean 175 


25.67 


6 


171 


04.5 


W. 








6 


171 00 


02 


01 


W. 










171 03 


05 


04 


+3 


E. 


7 


175 21 


23 


22 










43 


E. 


7 


175 25 


27 


26 










3 


W. 










8 


04 


06 


05 


a 


W. 










8 


05 


07 


06 


^ 


E. 


9 


20 


22 


21 










£ 


E. 


9 


27 


29 


28 










w. 










10 


06 


08 


07 
04.33 




W. 










10 


04 


06 


05 
05 


j Mean 175 


21.5 


171 


Mean 175 


27 


171 


Computation. 


Computation. 




o / 


Log'm3. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2«=4 17. 33 


* 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 21. 17 




t 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 «= 4 17. 17 


r* 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2u= 4 22.00 




r 3 0. 29073 


Mean 4 17. 25 


Sin. u 8. 57293 


Mean 4 21. 58 




Sin. u 8. 58020 






M= 2 10 7" 






Time of beginning 4 h 21 01 




Temp. —21. 5 


^ 8. 56263 


Time of beginning 4 b 20™ 


o 
Temp 5 




1 ~ 8. 56990 


Time of ending 


4 55 


Temp. —20. 5 




Time of ending 


4 55 


Temp. —3 








AM.i 


near 


4 38 




t=— 


21.0 












AM.r 


□can 


4 37.5 




t=— 


4 






m 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



611 



Date, December 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date, January 1, 1883. Gottingen time. 


Instrument, theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L, 


, deflecting at right 


angles to Magnets,, suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet; logr 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet ; log. r 


=0.09691 Observer, A. 0. Dark. 


=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






i 


Circle readings. Circle readings. 




a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 




% 




1 


Si 
43 










































o 

to 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


3 


e 

to 


JSIo. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




1 

O 1 | / 


, 








o ' 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


175 27 


29 


28.0 | 








E. 


1 


175 25 


27 


26.0 










*> 


""W. i 






i 2 


171 13 , 15 


14.0 


43 


W. 










2 


171 04 


06 


05.0 


« 


E. I 3 


30 


32 


31.0 






03 


E. 


3 


26 


28 


27.0 










w 


"W. 






! 4 


10 | 12 


11.0 


w 


W. 










4 


06 


08 


07.0 




E. 5 


28 


30 


29.0 | 








E. 


5 


28 


30 


29.0 










, Mean. 175 


29. 33 ' 171 


12.50 




Mean 175 


27.33 




171 


06.0 


W. 








6 


171 05 


07 


06.0 




W. 










6 


171 57 


59 


58.0 


-g ' E - 


7 


175 30 


32 31. 










43 


E. 


7 


175 22 


24 


23.0 










S ! W. 










8 


06 


08 


07.0 


.? 


W. 










8 


55 


57 


50.0 


£ E. 


9 


31 


33 


32.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


24 


26 


25.0 










W. 










10 


07 


09 


08.0 




W. 










10 


54 


56 


55.0 


Mean 175 




31.5 


171 


07.0 




Mean 175 


24.0 




171 


56. 33* 


Computation. 


Computation. 




° ' Log'ms. 


O ' 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u=4 16. 83 


\ 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 «= 4 21. 33 




i 9. 69S97 


Magnet West, 2 m=4 24. 50 


r» 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 27.67 




r 1 0. 29073 


Mean 4 20. 665 


Sin. u 8. 57867 


Mean 4 24. 50 




Sin. u 8.58501 


u=2 10.332 




«= 2 12. 25 








m 




m 


Time of beginning 3 h 30" 


Temp. -13 


jy 8. 56837 


Time of beginning 3 h 50 m | Temp. —11. 5 




jj. 8. 57471 


Time of ending 


4 00 


Temp. -13 




Time of ending 


4 15 


Temp. -11. 5 






A 


AT. m 


ean 


3 45 




«=-13 












A. 


M. mean 


4 02.5 




£=- 


11.5 









' (170 56.33)? So used in computation. 



Date, January 14, 1883. Gottingen time, 
lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L 


Instrument, theodo- 


Date January 31, 1883. Gottingen time. 


Instrument, theodo- 


„ deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer, No. 11. Magnet L, 


deflecting at right 


angles to Magnets,, suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet; log.r 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r = 1.25 feet ; log. r 


= 0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






= 0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 




T3 

a 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


s 


£ 








a 


A 

43 


































a 


O 

to 


No. 


A. 


B. 


Mean. 


No. 


A. 


B. 


Mean. 


a 


to 


No. 


A. 


B. 


Mean. 


No. 


A. 


B. 


Moan. 








o t 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


/ 








O 1 


/ 


r 




o / 


/ 


, 




E. 


1 


175 23 ! 


24.0 












E. 


1 


175 33 


35 ! 34. 










49 


W. 










2 


171 02 


03 


02.5 


43 


W. 










2 


171 01 


03 


02.0 


CB 


E. 


3 


22 


24 


23.0 










& 


E. 


3 


31 


33 


32.0 










H 


W. 










4 


01 


02 


01.5 


H 


W. 










4 


02 


04 


03.0 




E. 


5 


24 


26 


25.0 


6 










E. 


5 


33 


35 


34.0 


6 






02.5 


Mean 175 


24.0 


171 


02.0 


Mean 175 


33.33 


171 


W. 










171 01 


02 


01.5 


W. 










170 58 


60 


59.0 


4» 


E. 


7 


175 31 


33 


32.0 










43 


E. 


7 


175 26 


28 


27.0 








4 


<D 


W. 










8 


170 54 


56 


55.0 


(O 


W. 










8 


56 


58 


57.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


27 


29 


28.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


24 


26 


25.6 












W. 










10 


53 


55 


54.0 




W. 










10 


54 


56 


55.0 


Mean 175 

■ 


30.0 


170 


56.83 


Mean 175 


26.0 




170 


57.0 


Computation 






Computation. 




O 1 






Log'ms. 


O 1 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2w = 4 22.00 






J 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2tt= 4 30.83 




1 9. 69897 


Magnet We3t, 2 u= 4 33. 17 






r* 0. 29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 29. 00 




r* 0. 29073 


Mean 4 27. 58 






Sin. u 8. 59004 


Mean 4 29. 92 




Sin. u 8.59382 


u — 2 13 r i Q 








tt= 2 14.96 

1 ° 
Time of beginning 4 b 05™ Temp. —30 






Time of beginning 6 h 05 m 


Temp. - 




-30 




2* 8. 57974 




— 8. 58352 


Time of ending 6 55 


Temp. - 


-30 
-30 






Time of ending 


4 29 


Temp. —30 






A 


M. mc 


an 


6 27. 


5 




t= - 








A 


M. me 


an, 


4 17 




t= - 


-30 









■MB 



612 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, February 14, leSS. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date, February 28, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


liie magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at light 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. l)istancor=l 251eet; log.r 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet; log. r 


= 0.09091 Observer, A. C. Dark. 


= O.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 




a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




3 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


o 

a 
to 


■3 






a 

60 


■3 






































3 


o 


.No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


.No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


V 


o 

ft 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


175 21 


23 


22.0 












E. 


1 


174 26 


28 


27.0 










4= 


W. 










2 


170 58 


59 


58. 5 


+3 


W. 










2 


170 02 


04 


03.0 


C3 


E. 


3 


20 


22 


21.0 










eg 


E. 


3 


30 


32 


31.0 










H 


W. 










4 


57 


58 


57.5 


S 


W. 










4 


06 


08 


07.0 




E. 


5 


20 


22 


21.0 












E. 


5 


30 


32 


31.0 
29.67 










Mean 175 


21.33 


170 


58 


Mean 174 


170 


05.0 

14.T - 


W. 










6 


171 05 


07 


06.0 


W. 










6 1 170 13 


15 




E. 


7 


175 17 


19 


18.0 












E. 


7 


174 30 


32 


31.0 










43 


W. 










8 


04 


06 


05.0 


-49 


"W. 










8 


11 


13 


12.0 


0> 


E. 


9 


19 


21 


20.0 










<£> 


E. 


9 


33 


35 


34.0 










* 


"W. 








19.0 


10 


05 
171 


07 


06.0 
05.07 


£ 


W. 










10 


10 


12 


11.0 


Mean 175 


Mean 174 


32.50 


170 


12.33 


Computation. 


Computation. 


O 1 


Log'ms. 


O 1 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u— 4 23. 33 


1 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 w= 4 24. 67 


J 9. 69S97 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 13.33 


r' 0. 29073 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 4 20. 17 


r> 0. 29U73 


Mean 4 18. 33 


Sin. u 8. 57475 


Mean 4 22. 42 


Sin. u 8.58159 










Time of beginning 4 h 00 m 


o 

Temp. -8 


™ 8.50445 


Time of beginning 4 b 00"' 


o 
Temp. -14 


^ 8. 57129 


Time of ending 


4 40 


Temp. -8 




Time of ending 


4 30 


Temp. -13 




A. 


M. me 


an 


4 20 




t=-8 












A. M. mean 


4 15 




t=-13. 5 











Date, March 14, 1883. Gottiuaen time. Instrument, theodo- 


Date. March 31, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„ deflecting at right 


lito magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„ deflecting at right 


angles toMagnet S„ suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet; log.r 


angles to MagnetS,, suspended. Distance r=l. 25 feet ; log.r 


=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 


=0.09691 Observer, J. E. Maxfield. 






Circle readings. 


Circle roadings. 




a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


<D 








a> 








be 


C 


















60 


53 


















X 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


3 


© 


.No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


/ 


, 








o / 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


o / 




E. 


1 


171 11 


13 


12.0 












E. 


1 


346 34 


36 


35.0 










4a 


"W. 










2 


166 41 


43 


42.0 


.J 


"W. 










2 


350 52 


54 


53.0 


<s 


E. 


3 


08 


10 


09.0 










3 


E. 


3 


40 


42 


41.0 










H 


"W. 










4 


37 


39 


38.0 


W 


W. 










4 


42 


44 


43.0 




E. 


5 


05 


07 


06.0 
09.0 






42 


40.0 
41.0 




E. 


5 


31 


33 


32.0 










Mean 171 


166 


Mean 346 


36.0 


350 


48.0 


TV". 




1 




6 


166 40 


"W. 








6 


350 39 


41 


40.0 


43 


E. 


7 


HI 05 07 


06.0 










+3 


E. 


7 


346 25 


27 


26.0 










<D 


W. 








8 


40 


42 


41.0 


4.1 


"VV. 










8 


39 


41 


40.0 


£ 


E. 


9 


06 08 


07.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


25 


27 


26.0 












W. 









10 


40 


42 


41.0 




W. 










10 


41 


45 


44.5 




Mean 


171 | 


00.5 


166 




41.0 




Mean 


346 




26.0 




350 




41.5 


Computation. 


Computation. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2u= 4 29 


1 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 12 


i 9. 69S97 


Magnet "West,2zt= 4 25.5 


r 3 0. 29073 


Magnet West,2u= 4 15.5 


r 3 0. 29073 


Mean -1 27. 25 


Sin. u 8. 58950 


Mean 4 13. 75 


Sin. u 8. 56700 


u — 2 13 6'* 




u — 2 06 8' s 




Time of beginning 4 1 ' 40'" 




Temp. -3.0 


= 8.57920 


By chron. Bond, 




Temp. 28 


?£ 8.55670 


Time of ending 5 10 


Temp. -3.0 




No. 188 : 


Temp. 24 












Time of beginning 3 h 29™ 


— 




A . m. mean 4 55 


fc=-3.0 




Time of ending 4 25 
A. m. mean 3 57 


t=26 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 613 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, April 14, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite mag- 


Date, April 30, 1883. G ottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 


netometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 


angles to 


magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at right 
angles to Magnet S„ suspei/iled. Distance r=rl.25 feet, 


Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet, log. » 
Observer, A. C. Dark. 


=0.09691 




log. r=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






Circle readings. 


Circle readin 


gs- 




a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


© 

a 










9 
1 


£ 




































3 


o 


No. 


A 


B. 


Mean. 


No. 


A B 


Mean. 


g 




No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


/ 


, 




o / 1 o / 


o / 








o / 


, 


/ 




o / 


1 


/ 




E. 


1 


171 01 


00 


00.5 




i 






E. 


1 


170 39 


40 


39.5 










■» 


TV. 










2 


166 57 


55 


56.0 


43 


W. 










2 


166 32 


33 


32.5 


Cl 


E. 


3 


03 


01 


02.0 










« 


E. 


3 


39 


40 


39.5 










w 


W. 










4 


58 


56 


57.0 


Ifl 


w. 










4 


31 


32 


31.5 




E. 


5 


03 


01 


02.0 
01.5 












E. 


5 


40 


41 


40.5 










Mean 171 


166 


56.5 


Mean 170 


39.83 


166 


32.0 


W. 










6 


166 58 


56 


57.0 


W. 










6 


166 31 


32 


31.5 




E. 


7 


171 08 


10 


09.0 












E. 


7 


170 41 


43 


42.0 










-*3 


W. 










8 


59 


57 


58.0 


+5 


W. 










8 


32 


33 


32.5 


<D 


E. 


9 


10 


12 


11.0 










<D 


E. 


9 


40 


42 


41.0 










t 


"W. 










10 


167 00 


166 58 


166 59. 


£ 


"W. 










10 


32 


33 


32.5 


Mean 171 


10.0 




166 




58.0 


Mean 


170 




41.5 




166 




32.17 


Computation. 




Computation. 


o / 




Log'ms. 


O t 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 05. 


1 


9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u = 4 07. 83 


i 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 12. 


r» 


0. 29073 


Magnet "West, 2 u= 4 09. 33 


r> 0. 29073 


Mean 4 08. 5 


Sin. u 


8. 55793 


Mean 4 08. 58 


Sin. u 8. 55807 


M=2 04. 2£ 
Chron. Bond No. 188. 












o 


m 
M 


8. 54763 


Chron. Bond No. 188. 





g. 8.54777 


Time of beginning 4 h 30™ 


Temp. 25.0 




Time of beginning 4 h 20™ 


Temp. 26 


Time of ending 4 50 


Temp. 23.0 






Time of ending 


4 50 


Temp. 26 




A 


. M. m 


ean 


-4 4( 






t= 2 


1.0 




A. M. mean 


4 35 




fc= 26 











Date, May 14, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 


Date, May31, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite 


magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L /( deflecting at right 


magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at light 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r = 1. 25 feet, 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet, 


log. r = 0. 09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 


log. r = 0. 09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 




•6 
a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


| 


a Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


a 


jd 






a 

bJO 
























3 
















a 
8 


o 
ft 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


a 


£ 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








o / 


/ 


, 




o / 


/ 


/ 








o / 


, 


i 




o / 


/ 


/ 




E. 


1 


170 33 


35 


34.0 












E. 


1 


170 39 


37 


38.0 










-»a 


"W. 










2 


166 26 


24 


25.0 


"8 


W. 










2 


166 32 


30 


31.0 


08 


E. 


3 


32 


34 


33.0 










(3 


E. 


3 


43 


41 


42.0 










m 


W. 










4 


25 


23 


24.0 


s 


"W. 










4 


40 


38 


39.0 




E. 


5 


32 


34 


33.0 
33.33 












E. 


5 


45 


43 


44.0 








35.0 


Mean 


170 


166 


24.50 


Mean 170 


41.33 


166 00 




W. 










6 


166 30 


28 


29.0 




W. 










6 


166 41 


39 


40.0 




E. 


7 


170 39 


37 


38.0 












E. 


7 


170 51 


49 


50.0 












TV. 










8 


29 


27 


28.0 




"W. 










8 


43 


41 


42.0 


43 


E. 


9 


40 


38 


39.0 










4S 


E. 


9 


51 


49 


50.0 










03 


W. 








38.5 


10 


30 


28 


29.0 


CD 


"W. 
Mean 


L 






50.0 


10 


41 


39 


40.0 


Mean 


170 


166 


28.67 


170 


166 




40.67 


Computation. 


Cowyrataft'oji. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


o / 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 zt= 4 08. 83 


I 9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2 u= 4 06. 33 


J 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 «= 09 83 


r3 0.29073 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 09. 33 


r 3 0. 29073 


Mean 4 09. 33 


Sin. u 6. 55938 


Mean 4 07. 80 


Sin. u 8. 65677 






u — 2 03 ti 




Chron. Bond No. 188. 





'* 8.54908 


Chron. Bond No. 188- 


o ■ 


?™ 8. 54017 


Time of beginning 4'' 10 ln 


Temp. 35.0 




Time of beginning 4' 1 00 m 


Temp. 41.0 




Time of ending 4 50 


Temp. 35.0 




Time of ending 4 30 


Temp. 40.5 




A.M. mean 4 30 


t= 35.0 




A. M. mean 4 15 


fc= 40. 75 


1 



== 



614 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



Date, June 14, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


Date, June 30, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, the- 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 


odolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„ deflecting at 
right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distancer=1.25feet, 
log. r=0. 09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 


right angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r= 1.25 feet, 
log. »-=U.09G91 Observer, A. C. Dark. 




a | Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




-d 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


"S 








« 








be 




1 










\ 


£P 


■g 


















% 




No.! A 
I 


JB 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 

• 


3 




No. 


A 


a 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








/ 


, 


, 




o / 


, 


. , 








, 


1 


, 




o , 


/ 


, 




E. 


1 


170 50 


48 


49.0 












E. 


1 


170 06 


08 


07.0 












W. 










2 


166 45 


43 


44.0 




W. 










2 


166 12 


14 


13.0 


-|j 


E. 


3 


49 


47 j 48. 










-*$ 


E. 


3 


05 


07 


06.0 










c3 


W. 








4 


45 


43 


44.0 


cS 


W. 










4 


10 


12 


11.0 


H 


E. 


5 1 

! 


43 1 44.0 










m 


E. 


5 


06 


08 


07.0 












Mean 


170 




47 


166 


44 




Mean 170 


06.67 


166 


12.00 


W. 1 








6 


166 45 


43 


44.0 


W. 






6 


166 08 


10 


09.0 


+i 


E. 7 


170 49 


47 1 48.0 










+» 


E. 


7 


170 12 


14 


13.0 










O 


W. i 






8 


43 


41 


42.0 


<D 


W. 










8 


08 


10 


09.0 


\z 


e. ; o 


50 


48 49.0 










£ 


E. 


9 


12 


14 


13.0 












w. 






10 


45 


43 


44.0 




W. 










10 


09 


11 


io. fl- 




Mean ' 170 1 48.50 


166 


43.33 




Mean 170 


13.00 


166 


og. 33 


Computation. 


Computation. 


/ 


Log'ms. 


O ' 


Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 w= 4 03. 00 


£ 9.69897 


Magnet Eaat, 2 u~ 3 54. 67 


4 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 05. 17 


»■» 0.29073 


Magnet Weat, 2 u= 4 03. 67 


r> 29073 


Mean 4 04. 08 


Sin.w 8. E 501 4 


Mean 3 59.17 


Sin.tt 8.54130 


u= 2 02.04 
Chron. Bond No. 188. ° 








™. 8.53984 


Chron. Bond No. 188. 





^ 8.53100 


Time of beginning, 4 U 20 m | Temp. 42. 
Time of ending, 4 45 | Temp. 42. 




Time of beginning, 3 h 05™ 


Temp. 53. 






Time of ending, 3 45 


Temp. 53.0 




A. M. mean 4 32. 5 j t= 42. 




A. M. mean 3 25 


(=53.0 





Date, July 14, 1883. Gottingen time. 


Instrument, 


theodo- 


Date, July 31, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, 


theodo- 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L, 


deflecting at right 


lite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet B„ deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance. r=1.25 feet, 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r=1.25 feet, 


log. ,-=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






; log. r=0.09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






•6 ! 

o , Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 




•6 

a 


Circle readings. 


Circle readings. 


© 
a 




! 






"8 

a 


■B 








r i 


























a , 


« iNo. i A B 


Mean. INo. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


a 


© 


No. 


A 


a 


Mean. 


Ho. 


A 


B 


Mean. 






O 1 


/ 




oil, 


, 








o , 


, 


i 




O ' 


, 


, 




E. 1 


168 27 


29 


28. 










E. 


1 


170 35 


37 


36.0 












W. 








2 


164 22 


24 


23.0 




W. 










i 


166 25 


27 


26.0 




E. 


3 


30 


32 


31.0 1 










E. 


3 


31 


33 


32.0 












W. 








! * 


23 


25 


24.0 


-*a 


W. 










4 


23 


25 


24.0 


■ a 


E. 


5 


32 34 


33.0 1 










E. 


5 


28 


30 


29.0 












Mean 


168 


30. G7 


164 

~i6T«~| 49 


23.5 




Mean 


170 




32. 33 


166 


::s.o 


W. 













48.0 


W. 










6 


166 23 


25 


24.0 




E. 


7 


168 57 j 59 


58.0 




i 






E. 


7 


170 30 


32 


31.0 












W. 








8 


54 56 


55.0 




W. 










8 


24 


26 


25.0 


(O ' 


E. 


9* 


06 08 


07.0 








00 


E. 


9 


31 


33 


32.0 










£ 


W. 


! 


10 


57 1 59 


S8.0 


£ 


W. 










10 


26 


28 


27.0 




Mean 169 02. 5 


164 


53.67 




Mean 170 31.5 166 


25.33 


Computation. 






Computation. 




O 1 






Log'ms. 


O 1 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 «= 4 07. 17 




4 


9. 69897 


Magnet East, 2u= 4 07. 33 


1 


9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 08. 83 




r» 


0. 29(173 


Magnet West, 2 u= 4 06. 17 


i* 


0. 29073 


Mean 4 08. 00 




Sin. u 


8. 55705 


Mean 4 06. 75 


Sin. u 


8.55488 
















Chron. Bond, No. 168 







m 
Ji 


8. 54675 


Curou. Bond No. 188. 


o 


in 


8. 54458 


Time of beginning, 3 1 ' 30 m 


Temp. 53. 








Time of boginning, 2 h 50'» 


Temp. 44. 






Time of ending, 


4 10 


Temp. 53.0 








Time of ending, 3 30 

i A. M. mean 3 10 
1 1 


Tomp. 44.0 








A. Mi 


noai 


3 50 




f,= 5 


3.0 






t= 4 


4.0 









Probably 109^ 06' etc ! Computed on that assumption. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

Observations for determining the absolute magnetic horizontal intensity — Continued. 



615 



Date, August 14, 1883. Gbttingen time. 


Instrument, theod- 


oliteniagnetometer, No. 11. Magnet L, 


„ deflecting at right 


angles to Magnet S„ suspended. Distance r = 1.25 feet. 


Log. r=0. 09691 Observer, A. C. Dark. 






| 


Circle readings. 




Circle readings. 


8 










M 


f, 


i 














fl 


o 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 


No. 


A 


B 


Mean. 








O ' 


, 


, 




O ' 


, 


, 




E. 


1 


171 00 


02 


01 












W. 










2 


166 55 


57 


56 




E. 


3 


170 57 


59 


58 












W. 










4 


56 


58 


57 


H 


E. 


5 50 


58 


57 












Mean 170 58. 67 


166 56. 50 




"W. 




1 


6 


166 54 


56 


55 




E. 


7 i 170 50 


52 51 












W. 






8 


50 


52 


51 


0} 


E. 


9 1 49 


51 50 










£ 


W. 


1 


1 


10 


47 


49 


48 




Mean 170 50. 5 


166 51. 33 


Computation. 




o / 




Log'ms. 


Magnet East, 2 «- 4 02. 17 




i 9. 69897 


Magnet West, 2 ^<.= 3 59. 17 




r* 0. 29073 


Mean 4 00.67 




Sin. u 8. 54403 


M= 2 CO. 335 












g 8. 53373 


Time of beginning 3'> 45"' 


Temp. 47. 5 




Time of ending 


4 16 


Temp. 47.5 






A 


M. me 


an 


4 00. 5 




«= 


47.5 









^ 



616 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska. 

[Date, December 17. 1881. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometerNo.il. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188; daily rate, 1»,5, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


—8.0 


10.5 


40.9 


-8.0 


12.2 


38.4 


—8.0 


14.5 


32.2 


—8.0 


17.2 


30.1 


—8.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



39 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 



s. 

Ofi. 

09.0 

12.0 

14.9 

18.0 

21.0 



80 

88 

90 

104 

112 

120 



29 
30 
31 

32 
33 
34 



33.6 
36. 8 
40.0 
43.0 
46.0 
49.0 



10 



27.6 
27.8 
28.0 
28.1 
28.0 
28.0 



Means . 



10 27.92 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 

105 

285 

15 



Scale. 



17.2 

29.2 

11.0 

9.5 



30.1 
40.0 
17.9 
40.5 



Mean. 



23.65 
34.60 
14.45 
25.00 



Differ- 
ences. 



10.95 
20.15 
10.55 



Mean v = 10. 41 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 



v = 38'.4 
5400' +v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1 + - 



Logarithnis. 



3. 73547 
6. 26761 



0. 00308 



2' 2 = T' 2 (l-|-y') (1— <t'_ t) 



q) 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 627. 92 

Time of one oscillation 7.8490 

Correction for rate — 0. 0001 

T'= 7.8489 



Log'ms. 
T 0.89481 



2" 2 1.78962 

1 + A 0.00308 
/ 

1 — (V — t)q 9.99915 



0. 0008~ 
+2.3 

r 2 Jf 

m = 0.0724 
B= 1.929 



9 
t'—t 



mB=l 



T> 1. 79185 

(ar.co.)T 2 8.20815 

it 2 0.!>0430 

M 9.U4254 

mB 9.14499 

m 8. 85976 

B 0.28523 



Observations of deflections : Date, December 17; 
hour, l h 41". Temp. t=— 10°.3 



B 
mB 



8. 57452 
9. 14499 



7.71951 
8. 85976 



* This value deduced from observations of oscillations at widely different temperatures .was adopted as producing the best 
agreement in the value of m when reduced to a standard temperature. 

[Date, December 18,1881. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate 1*.5, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
2 07 05.0 

08 08.0 

09 11.1 

10 14.0 

11 17.0 

12 20.0 


—19.7 
—19.2 

—19.0 


2.2 
2.0 

8.1 


36.0 
34.2 

31.0 


m. s. 

10 29.9 
30.0 
29.9 
30.1 
30.1 
30.0 




s. 
630.00 


l-(« 

(ar. 

t'—t = + 1.1 

m = 0.0717 
iT=L932 

Observations of deflections: Da 
hour, l'27 n .5 Temp, t - 


7.8750 

— 0. 0001 

2»= 7.8749 

Log'ms. 
T' 0.83624 

V> 1.79249 

1 + A 0. 00307 

/ 
— t) q 9. 99959 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


17 34.9 

18 38.0 

19 41.0 

20 44.1 

21 47.1 

22 50. 


Means 


—19.3 






10 30. 00 


T 2 1.79515 






00.) T 2 8. 20485 
ir 2 0. 99430 
If 9. 9424S 

mB 9.14163 
m 8. 85510 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
di vision = 3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


B 0.28603 
e, December 18; 

:— 20°.4 

m 8. 569. r )6 
B 
mB 9. 14163 

TO 8 7. 7117 9 

m 8. 85560 


15 
105 
285 

15 


19.2 
34.2 
12.1 
11.2 


28.1 
35.0 
16.8 
38.3 


23.65 
34.60 
14.45 
24.75 


10.95 
20.15 
10.30 


d = 38'.2. 
5400' +v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73546 
6.26761 








Mi 


san t) = 


10.35 


H 


"/ 




0. 00307 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



617 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaslta — Continued. 

[Date, December 19, 1881. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet. L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate, 1".5, gaining on mean time. Observer, M. Smith.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. e. 
1 38 03.0 

39 05.9 

40 08.9 

41 11.9 

42 14. 9 

43 17.8 


—27.5 

—27.6 

—27.6 

— 27. G 


11.5 

13.5 
15.2 


28.8 

26.9 

27.0 


'm. s. 

10 29.4 
29.6 
29.6 
29.6 
29.7 
29.6 




s. 
629.58 




7. 8G98 

—0.0001 


l-( 

(ar. 
t'—t = 

to = 0.0716 
J3 = 1.934 

Observations of deflections : Date, 
hour, l h 23».5; Temp. t = - 


P= 7. 8G97 

Log'ms. 
T 0.89596 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


48 32.4 

49 35.5 

50 38.5 

51 41.5 

52 44.6 

53 47.4 


T' 2 1.79192 
1 -{- A 0. 00335 
t'—t) q 0. 00000 

T 2 1.79527 




Means 


10 29.58 












co.) I 3 8. 20473 
ir* 0.99430 
M 9.94243 

mS 9.14146 ' 
TO 8.85491 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


H 0.28G55 

December 19 ; 

-27°.6 

™. 8.50837 
mH 9.14146 

TO 2 7. 70983 
TO 8. 85191 


15 
105 
285 

15 


16.0 

22.9 

1.5 

5.1 


26.0 
41.9 
17.5 
36.0 


21.00 

32.40 

9.50 

20.55 


11.40 

22.90 
11.05 


0=41'. 8 

5400' +V 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73574 
6. 26761 






0. 00335 


Mean v = 11. 34 


14 


' f 





[Date, January 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188; daily rate, 1".G25, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale j Time of oscil- 
readings. lations. 



Computation. 



h. to. s. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



48 
49 
50 
51 

52 
53 



10.5 
13.5 
16.5 
19.5 
22.0 
25.0 



-6.0 



-6.0 



80 



104 
112 
120 



39.0 
42.0 
45.5 
48.5 
51.5 
54.5 



Means . 



33.1 



36.5 



39.0 



39.8 



63.5 



61.0 



57.2 | 



10 



28.5 
28.5 
29.0 
29.0 
29.5 
29.5 



10 29.00 



Coefficient of torsion. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 


44.2 


53.0 


48.60 


3.50 


105 


35.0 


G9. 2 


52.10 


4.75 


285 


30.2 


64.5 


47.35 


3.55 


15 


42.0 


59.8 


50.90 






Mea 


n v = ' 


!. 95 (?) 





Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



t> = 10'. 9 
5400' -f 8' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1 + y 



Logarithms. 



3. 73327 
6.267G1 



0. 00C88 (?) 



H. Ex. 44- 



-78 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 629. 00 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8625 

Correction for rate —0.0001 

2"= 7. 8C24 



Log'ms. 
T 0. 89556 



T' 2 1.79111 

1 + A 0.00088* 

I— {t'—t) q 9. 99926 



<'—« = + 2" 

TO = 0. 0751 
fl = 1.863 



2' 2 1.79125 

(ar. co.) T 2 8. 20875 

it' 0. 99430 

II 9.94255 



mM 9.14560* 
to 8. 87544 



K 0.27016 



Observations of deflections : Date, January 18 ; 
hour, 3 h 15">. Temp. t = — 8°.0 



*9. 14560 
8. 86114 



0. 28446 1. 925 



"" 8.60529 

TOjBr 9.14560 

TO 2 7.75089 

m 8. 87544 



618 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, AlasJca — Continued. 

[Date, January 19, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188; daily rate, 1\625, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time/ 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


—7.0 


48.1 


62.3 


—7.0 






—6.0 


49.8 


59.8 


—6.0 


53.1 


58.9 


—5.5 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



h. to. 

6 25 

26 

27 
28 
29 
30 



42.5 
45.0 
47.0 
49.5 
51.5 
53.5 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



36 

37 
38 
39 
40 
41 



04.5 
06.5 
09.0 
12.0 
14.5 
17.0 



10 



22.0 
21.5 
22.0 
22.5 
23.0 
23.5 



Means . 



10 22.42 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



53.1 
51.2 
42.2 
27.8 



58.9 
77.4 
52.2 
78.5 



Mean. 



56.00 
64.30 
47.20 
53.15 



Differ- 
ences. 



8.30 

17.10 

5.95 



Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 



Mean a = 7. 



«=28'.9 
5400'+w' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

i+4 



Logarithms. 



3.73471 
6. 26761 



0.00232? 



Observed time of 79* oscillations 622. 42 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8787 

Correction for rate. —0.0001 

2»= 7. 8786 



Log'nis. 
T 0.89645 



2" 2 1.79290 

1+A 0.00232 

l-(t'-t)q 0.00018 



T* 1. 79540 



t'-t=-0.5 
mH= 



y 2 



m = 0.0753 
H= 1.840 



(ar. co.)y 2 8.20460 
it 2 0.99430 
M 9.94256 

mff *9. 14146 
m 8. 87662 



H 0.2C484 



Observations of deflections: Date, January 19; 
hour, 3" 32».5. Temp. t= -6°. 



*9. 14146 
8. 86040 



0. 28106 1. 910 



^ 8.61178 

mH 3.14146 

m 2 7. 75324 

m 8.87662 



* Apparently 7f) instead of 80 oscillations have been counted. 

[Date. January 20, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate, 1\625, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



80 



104 
112 
120 



m. 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 



11.5 
14.0 
17.0 
19.5 
22.5 
25.5 



24 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 

Means. 



37.5 
40.5 
43.5 
46.0 
49.0 
52.0 



Temp. 

1'. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


—2,0 
—1.0 


44.3 
40.1 


49.5 
60.3 


—1.5 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



10 



26.0 
26.5 
26.5 
26.5 
26.5 
27.0 



10 26.50 



Coefficient of torsion. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 


42.0 


52.8 


47. 40 


16.60 


[105?] 115 


62.0 


66.0 


64.00 


13.00 


285 


24.8 


77.2 


51.00 


16.75 


15 


57.3 


78.2 


67.75 




Mean v — 11.59? 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



u=42'.8 
5400'+u' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

i+A 



Logarithms. 



3. 73582 
6. 26761 



0.00343? 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 626. 50 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8313 

Correction ferrate .- — 0. 0001 

F= 7. 8312 



mH— 



-1-0.5 

7T 2 Jf 



rp2 

m= 0.0732 
ff= 1.913 



Log'ms. 

2" 0. 89383 

T 2 1. 78766 

1+A 0. 00343 

l—(t'—t)q 9.99982 

T 1 1.79091 

(ar. co.) T- 8. 20909 

jt 2 0. 99430 

M 9.94259 

■mH 9. 14598 

to 8.86428 

H 0.28170 



Observations of deflections : Date, January 20 ; 
hour, 3" 35°>. Temp. «=-2°. 



g 8.58258 
mH 9.14598 



m* 7.72856 
TO 8. 8C428 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



619 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamir, Alaska — Coutiimed. 

[Date. February 16. 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. MagDet L„. Cbrononiet r, Bond 
No. 188 : daily rate, 1".5. gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- i Chronometer Temp, 
lations. i time. V. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



80 

88 

96 

1U4 

112 

120 



h. to. 


s. 


2 42 


35.5 


43 


38.0 


44 


40.5 


45 


43.0 


46 


45.5 


47 


48.0 


53 


02.0 


54 


05.0 


55 


08.0 


56 


11.0 


57 


13.5 


58 


16.0 


Means 



-1.2 



-1.2 



-1.2 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time cf oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



7.8 



7.9 



7.5 



15.2 



18.0 



14.8 



26.5 
27.0 
27.5 
28.0 
28.0 
28.0 



10 27.50 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



Scale. 



15 10. 
105 ' 19.2 



285 
15 



3.5 
3.2 



12.2 
25.4 
20.3 
20.0 



Mean. 



11.10 
22.30 
1L90 

11.60 



Differ- 
ences. 



11.20 
10.40 
0.30 



Mean » = 5.47? 



Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 



t)=20'.2 
5400'+"' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

-7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73402 
6. 26761 



0.00163? 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 627. 50 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8438 

Correction for rate —0. 0001 

2*= 7. 8437 



t'-t= -0.1 



mH: 



y2 



Logins. 

T' 0. 89452 

2* 2 1. 78904 

1+A 0. 00163 

l-(t'-t)q 0.00004 

T 1 1.79071 

(ar. co.JT 2 8.20929 

7T» 0.99430 

M 9.94259 



TO = 0. 0708 
£ = 1.979 



mH 9.14618 
m 8.84976 



H 0.29642 



Observations of deflections: Date, February 16; 
hour, l h 45°>. Temp, t—— 1°. 1 



2! 8.55335 
mH 9.14618 



m 2 7. 69953 
m 8. 84976 



[Date, February 17, 1882. Gottingen mean time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L;,. Chronometer, 
Bond No. 188; daily rate, 1».5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 

40 



SO 



104 
112 
120 



Chronometer Temp. 
time. V. 



h. to. 

3 15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 



30.5 
33.5 
35.5 
38.5 
41.0 
43.0 



25 
26 
28 
29 
30 
31 

Means. 



55.5 
58.5 
01.5 
04.5 
06.5 
08.5 



—3.8 



-3.8 



— 3.i 



—3.8 



Extreme scale I Time of oscil- 
readings. lations. 



14.5 



16.2 



18.2 



19.0 



35.0 



32.0 



31.5 



25.0 
25.0 
26.0 
26.0 
25.5 
25.5 



10 25.50 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



I 



Scale. 



15 ' 19.0 I 31.5 



105 ' 24. 5 

285 12. 5 

15 22.2 



41.2 
42.3 
33.0 



Mean. 



25.25 
32.85 
27.40 
27.60 



Differ- 



7.60 
5.45 
0.20 



Meanp = 3.31? 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



Logarithms. 



»=12'.2 
5400'+ v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

i+4 



3. 73337 
6. 26761 



0.00098? 



Computation. 



8. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations 625. 50 

Timeof one oscillation 7. 8188 

Correction for rate —0.0001 

2"= 7. 8187 



Log'ms. 
T 0. 89313 



f-t=-0.5 



3™ 1.78627 

1+A 0.00098 

\-[V-t) q 0. O0018 

T 2 1.78743 



mH— 



n*M 



(ar.co.)!" 2 8.21257 
7T 2 0. 99430 
M 9.94258 



m= 0.0749 
H= 1. 882 



mH 9.14945 
to 8. 87476 



H 0.27469 



Observations of deflections: Date, February 17; 
hour, 2 h 12". 5. Temp. t=-3°. 3 



i"; 8.60008 
mH 9.14945 



TO 2 7.74953 
TO 8.87476 



620 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEKOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, February 18, 1882. Gottingen mean time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, 
Bond No. 188 ; daily rate, 1.5 s , gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


10.3 


32.2 


63 


10.3 


40 


62 


10.0 


42.5 


62 


9.5 


48 


68 


10.0* 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 




8 
16 
24 
32 
40 



s. 

39.5 

41.5 

43.5 

46.5 

49.0 

51.5 



104 
112 
120 



3 05 
06 
07 
08 
09 
10 

Means . 



03 

05.5 

07.5 

10.0 

12.5 

15.0 



23.5 
24.0 
24.0 
23.5 
23.5 
23.5 



10 23.67 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



48 

44.5 

39.0 

50.5 



68 
71.5 
57.5 
57.5 



Mean. 



58.00 
58.00 
48.25 
54.00 



Differ- 
ences. 



0.00 
9.75 
5.75 



Moan-w = 3.87? 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



u = 14'.3 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73354 
6. 26761 



0. 00115? 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 623. 07 

Time of one oscillation 7. 7959 

Correction for rate — 0. 0001 

T— 7.7958 



Log'ms. 

T' U. 89186 



V — 1=+0°.5 



2" 2 1.78372 

1 + A 0.00115 

-(t' — t)q 9.99982 



T 2 1. 78469 



mB- 






(ar.co.)T 2 8.21531 
it 2 0.99430 
M 9.94254 



mS 9. 15215 
m 8. 86606 



m = 0.0736 
B= 1.930 



B 0.28549 



Observations of deflections: Date, February 18; 
hour, l' 36 m .5. Temp. t = — 10°.5 

g 8.08117 
mH 9.15215 



m 2 7. 73332 
m 8. 806U6 



*No doubt — 10°.0. 

[Date, March 17, 1882. Gottingen mean time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate, 3\0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. O. Dark/] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



80 



104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



22.5 
25.5 
28.5 
31.5 
34.0 
37.0 



27 
28 
29 
30 
32 
33 

Means. 



50.5 
53.5 
56.5 
59.0 
01.5 
05 



Temp. 

V 



2.0 



3.0 



3.0 



3.0 

2.8 



Extremo scale 
readings. 



19 



31 



36.2 



39 



80 



74.3 



Time of oscil- 
lations. 



10 



28.0 
28.0 
28.0 
27.5 
27.5 
28.0 



10 27. 83 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



39 
51.5 

51 
38 



I. 



Mean. 

52.50 
61.75 
55.00 
53.00 



Diifcr- 



9.25 
6.75 
2.00 



Mca:i v = 4. 50 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 



D = 16'.6 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1 + A 



Logarithms. 



3. 73373 
fi. 2G701 



0.00134? 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 627. S3 

Time of one oscillation 7. *479 

Correction for rate — 0003 

T'= 7.8476 



Los'ms. 
2" 0.89474 



V — 1 = +2°.8 



mB = "M 

m = 0.0727 
B— 1.931 



2" 2 1.78917 

1 + A 0. 00134 

. — (f — t)q 9.99897 

T z 1.7^978 

(ar. co.)T 2 8.21022 

7r 2 0. 99430 

M 9.94260 

mH 9. 14712 

m 8.80136 

H 0.28576 



Observations of deflections : Date, March 17 ; hour, 
l h 36 m .5. Temp. i = 0°.O 



'£ 8.57560 
mB 9. 14712 



m 2 7. 72272 
m 8. 80136 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



621 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie 7 Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, March 18, 1882. Gottingen mean time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate, 3\0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark/] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
2 18 14.0 

19 1C.5 

20 19. 5 

21 22.5 

22 25.0 

23 28. 




1.0 
1.0 

2.0 
1.0 


34.5 

39 
40 

42 


63 

60 
57 

56 


m. s. 

10 27.5 
28.0 
27.5 
27.0 
27.5 
27.5 


Observed time of 80 oscillations . 


s. 
627.50 


7.8438 

—0.0003 




V — 1=+2 i 

m = 0.0738 
H= 1.898 

Observations of deflections: Da 
l h 38°. Temp, t = — 1°.0 




T' = 7.8435 


Log'ms. 
3" 0. 89451 

T' 2 1.78902 

1 + A 0. 00249 

— (t' — t)q 9.99926 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


28 41.5 

29 44.5 

30 47.0 

31 49.5 

32 52.5 

33 55.5 


Means 


10 27.50 


T 2 1.79077 






(ar.co.)T s 8.20923 
tt» 0.99430 
M 9. 94259 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


mS 9.14612 
m 8. 86788 


S 0.27824 
te, March 18 ; hour, 

^ 8.58965 
mH 9.14612 


15 
105 
285 

15 


42 
52 

37.2 
44 


56 
67 

49.2 
56 


49.00 
59.50 
43.20 
50.00 


10.50 

16.30 

6.80 


t> = 31'.0 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73488 
6. 26761 


m 2 7.73577 
m 8.86788 


0. 00249? 


Moan v = 8. 40? 


1- 


^7 





[Date, March 19, 1882. Gottingen mean time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond 
No. 188 ; daily rate, 3\0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

t' 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


7 


26 


77 


8 


32 


70 


9 


35.4 


68.2 


10 


41 


65 


8.5 











Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



12.0 
15.0 
17.5 
20.5 
23.5 
26.5 



80 



104 
112 
120 



31 

32 
33 
34 
35 
36 



40.5 
43.5 
46.5 
49.5 
52.0 
55.0 



10 



28.5 
28.5 
29.0 
29.0 
28.5 
28.5 



Means. 



10 28.67 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



Mean. 



53 
61 
45 
53.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



Mean u = 8.12 



16 
8.5 



*) = 30'.0 
5400' + »' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+ i 



Logarithms. 



3. 73480 
6. 26761 



0. 00241 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 628. 67 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8584 

Correction for rate — 0.0003 

T'= 7.8581 



Log'ms. 
I' 0.89532 



V — 1=+3. 5 



mfl=f 

m = 0. 0733 
S= 1.906 



2" 2 1.79064 

1 + A 0. 00241 

1— (*'— t)q 9.99871 

T 1 1.79176 

(ar.co.)T 2 8.20824 

7T 2 0. 99430 

M 9.94263 

mH 9.14517 

m 8. 86502 

H 0.28015 



Observations of deflections : Date, March 19 ; hour, 
l 1 ' 40"'. Temp. J = 5°.0 

-™. 8.58487 
mH 9.14517 



m* 7. 73004 
m 8. 86502 



622 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, April 17, 1882. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Chronometer, BondNo. 188; 
daily rate, 3». 2, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. | Extreme scale 
V. readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
3 30 18. 5 

31 21.5 

32 24. 5 

33 27. 5 

34 30.5 

35 33. 


25. ! 32. 


65.2 

85.0 
83.0 

110.0 


to. s. 

10 26.5 
26.0 
26.0 
26.0 
26.0 
26.0 


s. 


Time of one oscillation 7.8260 


2"= 7.8257 


25.0 
25.0 


52.0 
57.0 


Log'ms. 

2" 0.89352 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


40 45. 

41 47. 5 

42 50. 5 

43 53. 5 

44 56. 5 

45 59.0 


2» 2 1.78705 
1+A 0. 00211 

1— (V— t)q 9.99852 

T 2 1.78768 
o 


Means 


25.0 






10 26.08 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division=3'. 69 


Logaritlrms. 


t'-t=+i (ar.co.)T 2 8.21232 

ttS 0. 99430 
„ * M M 9.94273 
ma^ mi 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


mR *9. 14935 
m= 0.0696 m 8.84274 
R=% 026 R 0.30661 

Observations of deflections: Date, April 17 ; hour, 
l b .32 m .5. Temp. «=21.0 

*9. 14935 R 8 - 53612 
8.85660 mR 9.14935 


15 

■ 105 

285 

15 


27.0 
32.0 
20.0 
22.0 


59.0 
39.0 
32.0 
53.0 


43.0 
35.5 
26.0 
37.5 


7.5 
9.5 
11.5 


j)=26'. 3 
5400'+*)' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73450 
6. 26761 




0. 00211 ? 


0.29275 1.962 to* 7.68547 

TO 8.84274 


Mean v=7. 12? 


/ 





[Date, April 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L,„ Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; 
daily rate, 3».2, gaining od mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 

40 



80 



104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 

time. 



*. 
19.0 
22.0 
25.0 
28.0 
31.0 
34.5 



37 
38 
39 
40 

42 
4:: 



49.5 
52.7 
55.5 
58.5 
01.5 
04.5 



Means . 



Temp. 

V. 



17.0 



17.0 



17.0 



18.0 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



4.5 



23.5 



29.0 



33.5 



17.2 



9.2 



67.5 



63.8 



60.0 



Time of oscil- 
lations. 



30.5 
30.5 
30.5 
30.5 
30.5 
30.0 



10 30. 42 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



33.5 
45.0 
22.0 
40.5 



66.0 
61.0 
40.0 



Mean. 



49.75 
53.00 
34. 00 



Differ- 



I Value of one scale- 
division = 3. 69 



3.25 
19.00 
11.00 



.5 ! 45.00 
Mean i- = 8. 31? 



j) = 30. 7 
5400'+))' 
5400(ar. co.) 

14j? 



Logarithms. 



3. 73486 
6. 26761 



0. 00247 « 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 630. 42 

Timeof one oscillation 7.8802 

Correction for rate — ■ 0003 

T'= 718799 

Log'ms. 
1" 0. 89652 

T" 1.79304 

1+A 0.00247 

1 — ((' — 0</ 9.99919 

1" 1. 79470 
o 

*'— *+2. 2 (ar.co.)T 2 8.20530 

ifl 0.99430 
mR- 1 ™ M 9 - 9 * 269 

mR 9.14229 

m=0.070C, m 8.84899 

#=1.965 

R 0.29330 

Observations of deflections: Date. April 18; hour, 
I* 32™.5. Temp. t= 15°.0 

'" 8. 55569 
R 

mR 9. 14229 

„>■ 7.09798 
Ml 8. S4899 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



G23 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, April 19, 1882. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; 
daily rate, 3\2, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark. J 



No. of oscil 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


23.0 


12.0 


78.0 


24.0 


22.0 


76.2 


25.0 


27.5 


70.2 


25.0 


28.0 


60.0 


24.2 







lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



44.0 
46.5 
49.5 
52.0 
54.5 
57.5 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



.11.5 
14.5 
17.5 
20.5 
23.5 
26.5 



10 



27.5 
28.0 
28.0 
28.5 
29.0 
29.0 



Means . 



10 28.33 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 

105 

285 
15 



Scale. 



Mean. 



Differ- 
ences. 



16 
7 



Mean v=8. 00 



Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 



t>=29'.5 
5400' + «' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



x +7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73476 
6. 26761 



0. 00237 



S. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations 628. 33 

Time of one oscillation 7.8541 

Correction for rate — 0. 0003 

I*= 7.8538 



Log'ms. 
T 0. 89508 

2* 2 1.79016 

1 + A 0.00237 
/ 
■(t' — t)q 0.00037 



t'—t 
mH= 



1.0 

J?2 



m = 0.0730 
H= 1. 910 



(ar.co.)T 2 8.20710 

tt 2 0.99430 

M 9.94275 

mH 9.14415 

m 8. 86310 

S 0.28105 



Observations of deflections : Date, April 19; hour, 
l h 32°5. Temp. t=25°.2 

^ 8.58204 
H 

mH 9.14415 

m 2 7. 72619 

m 8. 8G310 



[Date, May 17, 1882. Gottengen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; 
daily rate, 3».5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. Extreme scale Time of oscil- 
('. readings. lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



07.0 
10.5 
14.5 
18.5 
22.5 
26.5 



80 



104 
112 
120 



2 29 
30 
31 
32 
34 
35 

Means . 



47.5 
51.0 
54.5 
58.5 
02.5 
06.5 



6.5 



47.0 



47.0 



47.5 



47.0 



13.0 



0.0 



22.0 



15.0 



62.0 



55.0 



40.5 
40.5 
40.0 
40.0 
40.0 
40.0 



10 40.17 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 

105 

285 

15 



Scale. 



Mean. 



49 31. 5 

41 32. 5 

13.5 j 24.5 I 19.0 

11 ; 45 28.0 



Differ- 
ences. 



1.00 
13.50 
9.00 



Mean v =5. 87? 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 



u = 21'.7 
5400' + !)' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1 + - 



Logarithms. 



3. 73414 
6. 26761 



0.00175? 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 640. 1 7 

Time of one oscillation 8. 0021 

Correction for rate — 0. 0003 

T'= 8.0018 



Log'ms. 

T 0. 90319 

T 2 1. 80638 

ii* 0. 00175 
+ f 

!_(£'_<.) 5 9.99963 

T 2 1. 80776 



mH= 



t = + 1.0 



(ar.co.)T 2 8.19224 
7T 2 0.99430 
M 9.94288 



yj 



m = 0.0703 
H = 1.915 



mH 9. 12W2 
m 8. 847P2 



H 0.28220 



Observations of deflections: Date, May 17 ; hour, 
l h 32"».5. Temp. t = 46°.0 

"* 8. 5650S 
mH 9. 12942 

m 2 7. 69445 
m 8.84722 



624 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, May 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 168 ; 
daily rate, 3".5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 
V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


43.0 


14.0 


78.0 


43.0 


29.0 


74.0 


43.0 


70.0 


43.0 


43.0 


63.0 


43.0 


43.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



12.5 
16.5 
20.5 
24.5 
28.0 
32.0 



80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 



28 
29 
30 
32 
33 
34 



51.5 
55.0 
59.0 
02.5 
06.0 
09.5 



10 



39.0 
38.5 
38.5 
38.5 
38.0 
37.5 



Means. 



10 38.33 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 


Mean. 


36 


63 


49.5 


52 


58 


55.0 


37 


49 


73.0 


37 


64 


50.5 



Differ- 



5.5 
12.0 

7.5 



Mean v = 6. 25 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



i> = 2'.31 
5400' + »' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

h 

1+ 7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73425 
6. 26761 



0. 00186 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 638. 33 

Time of one oscillation 7.9791 

Correction for rate — 0. 0003 

I» = 7.9788 



t' — t—— 3°.0 



mH= 



2*2 



m = 0.0703 
H= 1.919 



I' 


Log'ius. 
0. 90194 


l[li 


1. 80388 


1+7 


0. 00186 


-(t'-t)q 


0. 00111 


2>2 


1. 80685 


(ar. co.) T* 
M 


8. 19315 
0. 99430 
9. 94288 


mH 
m 


9. 13083 
8. 84722 



H 0.28311 



Observations of deflections : Date, May 18 ; hour, 
l h 32-.5. Temp. «=46°.0 

^ 8.56412 
mB 9. 13033 

m 2 7.69445 
m 8. 84722 



[Date, May 19, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188; 
daily rate, 3'.5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


36.5 


2.0 


76.0 


36.5 


21.0 


68.0 


36.0 


27.0 


56.0 


36.0 


22.8 


52.8 


36.2 











Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 




8 
16 
24 
32 
40 



05.0 
08.5 
12.0 
10.0 
20.0 
24.0 



80 



104 
112 
120 



43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 



41.5 
45.0 
48.0 
51.5 
55.5 
59.0 



10 



36.5 
36.5 
36.0 
35.5 
35.5 
35.0 



Means. 



10 35. 83 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



25.0 
31.0 
27.5 
46.0 



52.8 
59. ,0 
47.5 
52.0 



Mean. 



38.9 
45.0 
37.5 
49.0 



Differ 

ences. 



6.1 

7.5 

11.5 



Meant) = 6. 28? 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



u = 23'.2 
5400' -f !/ 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+ 7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73426 
6. 26761 



0.00187? 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 685. 83 

Time of one oscillation 7. 9479 

Correction for rate —0.0003 

T = 7. 9476 



Log'ms. 

T 0. 00024 



V — 1 = 0° 



2" 2 1.80048 
h 

f 
l — (t'—t)q 0.00000 

T 2 1.80235 



mB= 



2>2 



(ar. co.) T 1 8. 197C5 
ir 2 0.99430 
jlf 9.942S2 



m = 0. 0704 
B= 1.936 



mB 9.13477 
m 8.84779 



B 0.28098 



Observations of deflections : Date, May 19 ; Lour, 
1M0". Temp. t = 36°.2 

™ 8.56081 
mH 9.13477 

m 2 7. 09558 
m 8. 84779 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



625 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaslca — Continued. 

[Date, June 17, 1882, Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 
188 ; daily rate, 4".5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 





8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
3 21 07 

22 10.5 

23 14.5 

24 18.0 

25 22.0 

26 26.0 


53.0 

53.0 
53.0 

53.0 


35.0 

37.0 
40.0 

45.2 


80.0 

76.0 
70 

67.2 


m. s. 

10 36.5 
36.0 
35.5 
36.0 
36.0 
36.0 




s. 
—636.00 




- 7.9500 

— - .0004 


V — 1=0 i_ 

(ar 

m = 0.0700 
H= 1.947 

Observations of deflections : Date, 
2 h 36"'. Temp. £=53.0 


T'— 7.9496 

Log'm<). 
I' 0. 90035 

T' 2 1. 80069 

1+A 0.00199 

(t'-t)q 0.00000 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


31 43.5 

32 46.5 

33 50.0 

34 54 

35 58 
37 02 




53.0 


10 36.00 


T* 1.80268 

CO.) T* 8. 19732 
7T* 0. 99430 
M 9.94292 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


mS 9.13454 
m 8. 84518 

S 0.28936 

June 17; hour, 

^ 8.55583 
mM 9.13454 


15 
105 
285 

15 


45.2 
57 

47 
53 


67.2 
72 
56 
61 


56.2 
64.5 

51.5 
57.0 


8.3 
13.0 
5.5 


D=24'.7 
6400' + v 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73438 
6. 26761 


m* 7.69037 
m 8.84518 


0. 00199 


Means =6. 70 


H 


h 
' f 





[Date, June 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 
188; daily rate, 4 S .5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark. J 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 




8 
16 
24 
32 
40 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



m. 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 



10.5 
15.0 
19.0 
23.5 
27.5 
31.5 



34 
36 
37 
38 
39 

Means. 



57.5 
01.0 
05.0 
08.5 
12.5 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


49.5 


26.5 


80.0 


50.5 


40.5 


74.0 


50.0 


44.0 


71.0 


50.0 


46.0 


67.0 


50.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



10 



42.5 
42.0 
41.5 
41.0 
41.0 



10 41.60 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 

105 



Scale. 



285 ! 39 . 
15 56.5 



67 
67 
59 
59.5 



Mean. 



56.5 
65.0 
49.0 
58.0 



Differ- 
ences. 



.8.5 
16.0 
9.0 



Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 



Mean w=8. 37 



H. Ex. 44- 



v=30'.9 

5400' + v" 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1 + 4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73487 
0. 20761 



0. 0u24S 



■79 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations = 641. 60 

Time of one oscillation = 8. 0200 

Correction for rate =— .0004 

2"= 8.0196 



Log'ms. 
T 0. 90415 



mH-- 



-«=0 



J12 



T' 2 1.80831 

1+A 0.00248 

■(t' — t)q 0.00000 

T 2 1.81079 



m= 0.0698 
H= 1.916 



(ar. co.) T 2 8. 18921 

jt 2 0.99430 

M 9.94290 

mH 9.12641 

m 8. 84404 

H 0.28237 



Observations of deflections: Date, June 18; hour, 
l^SS"^. Temp. «=50°.O 

I? 8.56166 
mil 9. 12641 



m 2 7. C8807 
m 8. 84404 



626 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at UgJaamie, Alaska — rontiiiued. 

[Date, .Tune 19, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188; daily rate, 4'.5, 

gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 



s. 

00.5 
05.0 
09.5 

16.0 
20.5 



80 



104 
112 
120 



2 32 
33 
34 
35 
37 
38 

Means. 



42.5 

47 

51.5 

56 

00.5 

04.5 



59 



59 



59 



59 
59.0 



50 



44.8 



47.0 



78 



80 



78.2 



72.0 



10 42.0 
42.0 
42.0 

44.5 
44.0 



10 42.90 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



15 

105 

285 
15 



Scale. 



47 I 72 

61 73 

40 I 63 

54 



Mean. 



59.5 
67.0 
51.5 
61.0 



Differ- 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



7.5 

15.5 

9.5 



Mean v = 8. 12 



«=30'.0 
5400' +v> 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+4 



Logarithms. 



3. 73480 
6. 26761 



0. 00241 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =642. 90 

Time of one oscillation = 8.0362 

Correction for rate = — . 0004 

T'= 8.0358 



Logins. 
2" 0,90503 



I' 2 1.81006 

1+A 0.00241 
/ 

■(t'-t)q 0.00037 



V— 1=— 1.0 



mS= 



TflM 
12 



T 2 1.81284 

(ar.co.) T 2 8.18716 

ir a 0. 99430 

M 9.94296 



mff 9.12442 
to 8. S35i9 



m = 0. 0684 
£=■1. 946 



H 0.28913 



Observations of deflections : Date, June 19 ; hour, 
l* 35". Temp. t=60°0 

^ 8.54616 
mU 9. 12442 

to 2 7.67058 
to 8. 83529 



| Date, July 18, 1882. G-ottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; 
daily rate. 3\5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


48 


18.0 


75 


48 


21.0 


66 


48 


24.5 


61 


48 


30.0 


58 


48 











lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



h. m. s. 

2 20 06 • 

21 10 

22 13. 5 

23 17. 5 

24 21.0 

25 24.5 



80 



104 
112 
120 



2 30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

Means. 



42.0 
45.5 
49.0 
52.5 
56.0 
59.5 



10 



36.0 
35.5 
35.5 
35.0 
35.0 
35.0 



10 35.33 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



30 
37 

27.5 
30.5 



Mean. 



44.0 
51.0 
38.75 
46.75 



Differ- 
ences. 



7.00 

12.25 

8.00 



Mean v= 6. 81 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



«=25'.l 
5400' -fw' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1+ 7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73441 
6. 26761 



0. 00202 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =635. 33 

Time of one oscillation = 7. 9416 

Correction for rate = —. 0003 

T'= 7.9413 



Log'ms. 

I" 0. 89989 



T' 2 1.79978 

1+A 0.00202 

l-(t'-t)q 0.00000 



T* 1.80180 



«'- 



«=0 






(ar.co.) T 2 8.19820 
tt» 0. 99430 
M 9.94289 



mR 9.13539 
TO 8.84952 



to= 0.0707 
H= 1.931 



H 0.285S7 



Observations of deflection*: Date, July 18; hour, 
l h 35 m . Temp. «=4b°.U 



-"£ 8.56364 
mil 9.13539 



in? 7. 69903 
■m 8. 8 4 952 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKROW, ALASKA 



Cd27 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska— Continued. 

[Date, July 18, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. It 
daily rate, 3'.5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


5S.0 


7.0 


78.0 


58.0 


33.2 


76.0 


58.0 


38.2 


74.0 


58.0 


42. ' 


68.0 


58.0 









Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



1.6 
24 
32 

40 



8. 

20.0 
24.0 
28.5 
32.5 
37.0 
41.5 



Observed time of 80 oscillations = 643. 50 

Time of one oscillation = 8.0437 

Correction for rate = —0.0003 

I»= 8. 0434 



80 



104 
112 
120 



34 
35 

36 
37 

38 
39 



03.5 
07.5 
12.0 
16.0 
20.5 
25.0 



43.5 
43.5 
43.5 
43.5 
43.5 
43.5 



10 43.50 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



15 
105 
285 



Scale. 



Mean. 



56.5 
56.0 
59.0 



15 ! 47. 5 



65.5 
65.0 
80.0 
60.5 



61.0 
60.5 
69.5 
54.0 



Differ- 



Value of one scale-: T „„„_;«,„„ 
division =3'. 69 Logarithms. 



0.5 

9.0 

15.5 



Mean v=6. 25 ? 



i'=23'. 1 
5400'+u' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+L 
/ 



3. 73425 
6. 26761 



0. 00186 



mB- 



w'M 



2"2 

m =0.0694 
H =1.920 



Log'ms. 

2" 0. 90544 

T n 1.81088 

1+*L 0. 00186 
/ 

l-(t'—t)q 0.00000 

T 2 1.81274 

(ar. co.) T 2 8.18726 

ir* 0.99430 

m 9. 94295 

mH 9.12451 

m 8.84124 



H 0.28327 



Observations of deflections : Date, July 19 ; hour, 
l h 37=5. Temp. t=58°.0 

'"_ 8.55798 
H 
mH 9. 12451 



m' 7.68249 
TO 8.84124 



[Date, July 20, 1882. 



Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L" 
daily rate, 3».5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark] 



Chronometer, Bond No. 188; 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale | Time of oscil- 
readings. lations. 


Computation. 





8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
2 22 10.5 

23 15.0 

24 19.5 

25 23. 5 

26 28.0 

27 32.0 


61.0 

61.0 
61.0 

61.0 
61.0 


22.5 

23.0 

32.0 

35.0 


68.0 

61.3 

57.2 

55.2 


TO. 8. 

10 43.0 
43.0 
43.0 
43.0 
43.0 
43.0 


Observed time of 80 oscillations. . . 


*. 
— 643.00 


Correction for rate 


— 8.0375 

— —.0003 




V-t=— 1.0 

1- 

(ar 
to2T=-^= 

r£2 

TO=0. 0693 

H=l. 920 

Observations of deflections : Date, 
]>40m Temp. (=62°.0 




!P= 8. 0372 


Log'ms. 
I" 0. 90510 

T" 1. 81021 

1+ j 0. 00252 

(<'-*) q 0. 00037 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


2 32 53.5 
33 58. 

35 02. 5 

36 06. 5 

37 11. 

38 15. 


Means 


10 43.00 


r 2 1.81310 






CO.JT 1 8.18690 
7T 2 0.99430 
M 9.94297 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. , Differ - 
encea. 


mH 9.12417 
TO 8.84094 


H 0.28323 
July 20; hour, 

^ 8.55770 
mH 9.12417 


15 
105 

285 
15 


35.2 

47.5 
22.0 
38.0 


54.8 
59.5 
53.0 
56.0 


45.0 
53.5 
37.5 
47.0 


8.5 
16.0 
9.5 


v=3V. 4 
5400'+t>' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73491 
6. 26761 


0. 00252 


m 1 7.68187 
TO 8. 84094 


Mean t)=8. 50 


U 


A 





628 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, August 17, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; daily rate, 

3 8 .5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C- Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 
V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


41.0 


7.0 


67.0 


41.0 


66.0 


3.0 


41.0 


22.0 


49.0 


41.0 


22.0 


46.0 


41.0 











Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



8. 
01.5 
05.0 
09.0 
12.5 
15.5 
19.0 



80 



104 
112 
120 



42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 



37.0 
40.5 
44.0 
47.5 
51.0 
54.5 



10 



Means . 



35.5 
35.5 
35.0 
35.0 
35.5 
35.5 



10 35.33 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 

105 

285 
15 



Scale* 



22.0 
33.0 
15.0 
21.0 



46.0 
50.0 
40.0 
52.0 



Mean. 



34.0 
41.5 
27.5 
36.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



7.5 

14.0 

9.0 



Mean i>=7. 62 



v=2&. 1 
5400'+t>' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+^ 



Logarithms. 



3. 73465 
6. 26761 



0. 00226 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =635. 33 

Time of one oscillation = 7.9416 

Correction for rate = —.0003 

T'= 7.9413 



Log'ms. 

T' 0. 89989 



t'~t=-2 

™jH= yj- 

m=0. 0690 
JS=1. 976 



3"» 1.79978 

1+^ 0. 00226 

1_ (t'-t) q 0. 00074 

T 2 1.80278 

(ar. co.) T 2 8. 19722 

it* 0.99430 

M 9.94286 



mH 9.13438 
m 8. 83860 



H 0.29578 



Observations of deflections: Date, August 17 •, hour, 
l h 37°".5. Temp. t=43°0 

m 8.54281 
H 
mH 9.13438 



m 2 7. 67719 
m, 8. 83800 



[Date, August 18, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Chronometer, Bond No. 188; daily rate, 

3>.5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 
V. 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 




8 
16 
24 
32 
40 



s. 

22.0 
25.5 
28.5 
32.0 
36.0 
40.5 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



38 
40 
41 

42 
43 
44 



58.5- 
02.0 
05.0 
08.5 
12.5 
17.0 



Means 



41.0 



42.2 



42.3 



42.5 
42.0 



14.0 



25.0 



2.0 



30.0 



53.0 



54.0 



42.0 



45.0 



10 



36.5 
36.5 
36.5 
36.5 
36.5 
36.5 



10 36.50 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



30.0 
38.0 
18.2 
18.0 



45.0 
51.0 
32.0 
48.0 



Mean. 



37.5 
44.5 
25.1 
33.0 



Differ- 
ences. 



7.0 
19.4 
7.9 



Mean v=S. 57 



Value of one scale 
division =3'. 69 



r>=31'6 
5400' +v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

I+ 5 



Logarithms. 



3. 73493 
6. 26761 



0. 00254 



s. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations =636. 50 

Time of one oscillation = 7.9562 

Correction for rate = —.0003 

2"= 7.9559 



Log'ms. 
T' 0. 09069 

T 2 1.F013S 

1+- 0. 00251 

(t'—t) q 9. 99889 



T 2 1.80281 



t>-t=+3.0 

m=0. 0709 
H=l. 921 



(ar. eo.1T 2 8.19719 
7T 2 0.99430 
M 9.94283 



mH 9. 12432 
m 8. 85080 



H 0.28352 



Observations of deflections: Date, August 18: hour, 
I* 35". Temp. <=39.0 



g. 8.56727 
mH 9.13432 



w 2 7.70159 
m 8. 85080 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



629 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, AJasJca — Continued. 

{Date, August 19, 1882. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. MagnetL,,. Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; daily rato, 3'.5, 

gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Tenap. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
2 24 10.0 

25 14.0 

26 18.5 

27 23. 

28 27.0 

29 30. 5 


43.0 

43.0 
43.0 

43:0 
43.0 


6.0 

10.0 
26.0 

25.0 


63.8 

55.5 
55.0 

49.5 


m. s. 

10 40.5 
40.0 
39.0 
38.5 
38.5 
38.5 




s. 
-639.17 




- 7.9896 

——0.0003 


t'-t=+3°.0 i_ 
(ar 

m=0. 0695 

H=l. 946 

Observations of deflections: Date,. 
1"> 35°. Temp. fc=4C°.0 




2"= 7.9893 


Log'ms. 
2" 0. S0251 

2" a 1. 80502 

1+h. 0. 00237 
/ 
(t'-t) q 9. 99JIS9 

T* 1.80C28 

CO.) 2* 8.1937*! 
jr 2 0. 99430 
M 9.94284 

■mS 9. 13.186 
m 8. 84170 

S 0.28916 

i.ugustl9; hour, 

^ 8.55255 
mS 9.13086 

m 2 7.68341 
m 8. 84170 


80 
88 
90 
104 
112 
120 


34 50. 5 

35 54. 

36 57.5 

38 01.5 

39 05.5 

40 09. 


Means 


10 39.17 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 
105 
285 

15 


25.0 
19.0 
13.0 
39.0 


49.5 
76.0 
53.0 

41.5 


37.25 
47.50 
33.00 
40.25 


10.25 
14.50 

7.25 


«=29'.5 
540O'+»' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73476 
6. 26761 


0.00237? 


Mean v= 8. 00 


H 


1 





[Date, August 31, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. MagnetL,,. Chronometer, * Bond No. 
188 ; daily rate, 5».0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 





h. m. s. 
6 31 24.2 

32 27. 9 

33 31. 5 

34 35.3 

35 38.8 

36 42. 4 


36.0 

36.0 
37.0 

39.0 


11.5 

19.0 
22.0 

27.5 


61.0 

55.0 
53.0 

47.5 


m. s. 

10 36.3 
36. 1 
36.0 
35.8 
36.0 
30.1 




s. 
—636.05 


8 
16 
24 
32 
40 




- 7.9506 

— — 0.0005 


t'-{=-3°.0 1_ 

(ar 

•"Mar 

m—0. 0695 

fl=l. 957 

Observations of deflections: Date, 1 
4 b 35™. Temp. <=40° 


2"= 7.9501 


Log'ms. 
2" 0. 90037 

2" 2 1.80075 

1+^ 0. 00193 

(t'-t) q 0. 00111 

2' 2 1. S0379 

CO.) T 2 8.19021 
7T 2 0.99430 
M 9.94284 

I»H 9.13335 
m 8.84186 

K 0.29140 

August 31 ; hour, 

— 8.55038 
mil 9. 13335 

m 2 7. 68373 
m 8. 84 ISO 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


42 00.5 

43 04. 

44 07. 5 

45 11.1 

46 14. 8 

47 18. 5 


Means 


37.0 


10 36.05 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division=3'.G9 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 

1 


15 
105 
285 

15 


27.5 
30.0 
22.0 
27.0 


47.5 
57.0 
39.0 
48.0 


37.5 
43.5 
30.5 
37.5 


0.00 
13.00 
7.00 


v=24'.0 

5400'+!)' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3 73432 
C. 26701 

0. (0193 


Mean v = 0. 50 


H 


h 





t 16'"31".5fast. 



630 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Bate, September 14, 1882. Gottingen tame. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond Bo. 188, fast 18™ 33»; daily rate, 3", losing on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 

time. 



Temp. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


42.0 


7.0 


68.0 


40.5 


15.0 


57.0 


40.0 


64.0 


12.0 


40.5 


16.0 


57.0 


40.75 











Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



to. «. 

28 40.9 

29 44.5 

30 47.9 

31 51.0 

32 54.5 

33 57. 5 



80 



104 
112 
120 



4 39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 

Means. 



17.3 
21.0 
24.5 
28.0 
31.5 
35.0 



10 



36.4 
36.5 
36.6 
37.0 
37.0 
37.5 



10 36.83 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



1 

15 | 16. 

285 23.0 

105 1 18. 



15 



24.0 



57.0 
36.0 
63.0 
43.0 



Mean. 

36.5 
29.5 

40.5 
33.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



7.0 

11.0 

7.0 



Mean v = 6. 25 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



t>=23'.l 
5400'+»' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

144 



Logarithms. 



3. 73425 
6. 26761 



0. 00186 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =636. 83 

Time of one oscillation ...= 7. 9604 

Correction for rate =+0.0003 

2»= 7.9607 



Log'ms. 
2" 0.90095 



t'-t=-l°.25 



m=0.0697 
fl=l. 947 



T" 1.80190 

1+h 0. 00186 

l-(t'-t)q 0.00046 



T* 1. 80422 



(ar. co.) T* 8. 19578 

w* 0.99430 

M 9.94285 

mS 9.13293 

to 8. 84352 



H 0.28941 



Observations of deflections : Date, September 14; 
hour, 3.35-4.05 a. m. Temp. t=42°.0 

H 8.55412 

mS 9.13293 

to 2 7.68705 
m 8. 84352 



[Date, September 30, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; fast 18" 56"; daily rate, 2», gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.) 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


43.0 


7.0 


64.0 


43.0 


2.0 


76.0 


43.0 


2.0 


74.0 


43.0 


9.0 


67.0 


43.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 




23.0 
26.8 
31.0 
35.2 
39.4 
43.2 



80 



104 
112 
120 



4 35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 

Means. 



05.2 
09.5 
13.5 
17.5 
21.6 
25.5 



10 



42.2 
42.7 
42.5 
42.3 
42.2 
42.3 



10 42.37 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



Scale. 



105 
285 



9.0 67.0 
22.0 62.0 



12.0 



15 20.0 



51.0 
57. 



Mean. 



38.0 
42.0 
31.5 

38.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



4.0 

10.5 
7.0 



Mean v = 5. 38 



Value of one scale- 
division=3'.69 



«=19'. 9 
5400'+u' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

h4 



I Observed time of 80 oscillations =642. 37 

Time of one oscillation = 8.0296 

Correction for rate =— 0. 0002 

2»= 8.0294 



Logarithms. 



3. 73399 
6. 26761 



0. 00160 



Log'ms. 
2" 0. 90468 



h 



t'-t=-l°.0 



mS=0. 0698 
H=l. 913 



1. 80937 

14 '1 0. 00160 

l_(«'_t)'g 0.00037 

T* 1.81134 

(ar. co.) r 2 8. 1SS66 

ir* 0. 99430 

M 9 94286 

mH 9. 12582 

m 8. 8I4U9 

3 0.28173 



Observations of deflections: Date, September 30; 
hour, 3.10^4.00 a. m. Temp, t =44°.0 



4£ 8. 56236 
H 
mH 9.12582 



7. 68818 
8. 84409 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



G31 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, October 14, 18S2. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188; fast 19 m 10 s daily rate, 1'. 75, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark. ] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



80 



104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. m. s. 



14.0 
17.2 
20.2 
23.3 
27.0 
30.0 



4 43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
49 

Means. 



45.0 
48.0 
50.7 
53.8 
56.9 
00.1 



Temp. 
V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


10.0 


23 


46 


11.0 


27 


41 


11.5 


22 


43 


11.5 


26 


45 


11.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



10 



31.0 
30.8 
30.5 
30.5 
29.9 
30.1 



10 30.47 





Coefficient of torsion 




Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 


26.0 


45.0 


35.5 


7.00 


105 


45.7 


39.3 


42.5 


15.5 


285 


20.5 


33.5 


27.0 


7.76 


15 


32.5 


37.0 


34.8 






M 


Ban v= 


=7.56 





Value of one scale- 
division=3'. 69 



w=27'. 9 
5400'+»' 
5400'(ar. co.) 

>+7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73463 
6. 26761 



0. 00224 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =630. 47 

Time of one oscillation = 7. 8809 

Correction for rate =-0. C002 

T'= 7. 8807 



V— 1=+0°. 5 



mH=— — 

m=0. 0716 
R=l. 935 



Log'm.s. 
2» 0.89656 

2« 1.79313 
h 
1+-T- 0.00224 

1— (*'— t) q 9. 99982 



2" 2 1.79519 

(»r. co.) 2" 8. 20481 

■tfl 0. 99430 

M 9. 942C6 

mH 9.14177 

m 8. 85500 

S 0.28677 



Observations of deflections : Date, October 14; 
hour, 3" 42". 5 a. m. Temp. t=10. 5 

~- 8.56823 
inR 9.14177 



m 2 7.71000 
m 8. 85500 



[Date, October 31, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188; fast 19" 1 01"; daily rate, l s .75, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark. J 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale- 
readings. 


19 


10 


62 


19.5 


16.5 


55.5 


20.5 


21 


53 


21.0 


25 


49 


20.0 







Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



s. 

59.5 

02.5 

05.8 

09.4 

12.5 

15.5 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



6 44 
45 
46 

47 
48 
49 

Means. 



31.5 
34.7 
38.0 
41.4 
44.7 
47.9 



10 



32.0 
32.2 
32.2 
32.0 
32.2 
32.4 



10 32.17 





Coefficient of torsion 




Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 


25 


49 


37.0 


7.80 


105 


44.4 


45.2 


44.8 


13.80 


285 


15.0 


47.0 


31.0 


7.00 


15 


19.0 


57.0 


38.0 






Mc 


an v = 


= 7. 15 





Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 



» = 26'.4 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



Logarithms. 



3. 73451 
6. 26761 



0. 00212 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =632. 17 

Time of one oscillation .= 7.9021 

Correction for rate .=— 0. 0002 

T'= 7.9019 



t'_(=+lo.5 



Log'ms. 

T' 0. 89773 

I" 2 1.79546 

X +_ 0.00212 
/ 

-(t'-t)q 9.99945 

T 2 1.79703 



mfl= 



7T 2 flf 

T 2 



(ar. co.)? 2 8.20297 
ir* 0.99430 
if 9.94271 



m = 0. 0712 
B" =1.938 



<mR 9.13998 
m 8. 852C5 



S 0.28733 

Observations of deflections ; Date, October 31 ; hour, 
4 h 27'».5. Temp. e = 18°.5 

'- 8.56532 

mR 9.13998 

m 2 7. 70530 

m 8.85265 



632 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, November 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond 188; 18 m 38 s fast; daily rate, l a .75, losing on mean lime. Observer, A. C.Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale- 
readings. 


Time of oscil- 
lations. 


Computation. 



8 

16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
6 30 15.5 

31 17. 

32 19. 

33 20. 8 

34 22.5 

35 24.4 


-23.0 

-20.5 
-20.5 

-20.0 
-21.0 


21 

21 
26 

25 


42 

38 
39 

36 


m. s. 

10 19.0 
19.1 
18.8 
18.7 
18.7 
18.5 


s. 


Correction for rate =+0.0002 

T'= 7.7352 


Log'ms. 
2" 0.88847 

2"2 1.77094 

1-fA 0.00296 

/ 
l-(t'-t)q 0.00000 

2' 2 1. 77990 

t'-t = (ar. co.)T 2 8.22010 

it* 0. S9430 
mH — n2M M 9.94247 

yz 

mH 9.15687 
m = 0. 0724 m 8. 85975 

H= 1.982 

JH 0.29712 

Observations of deflections: Date, November 14; 
hour, 4" 38™. Temp. t= — 21°.0 

— -8.56263 

mH 9.15687 

m a 7. 71950 
m 8. 85975 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


6 40 34.5 

41 36. 1 

42 37. 8 

43 39.5 

44 41.2 

45 42.9 


10 18. 80 








Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


15 
105 
285 

15 


25 
36 
05 
28 


36 

42.5 
34.0 
34.0 


30.5 
39.25 
19.5 
31.0 


8.75 
19.75 
11.5 


V = 36'. 9 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73536 
6. 26761 


0. 00296 


Mean v = 10. 


1- 


V- 





[Date, November 30, 1882. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; fast 18 m 15 s ; daily rate, 3\5, losing on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale- 
readings. 



Time of oscil- 
lations. 



Computation. 




8 
16 
24 
32 
40 



m. 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 



33 

35.5 

37.5 

39.5 

42.0 

44.0 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



6 37 54. 5 

38 57 

39 59 

41 01 

42 03. 5 

43 05. 5 

Means 



0.0 



0.0 



0.0 



13 



18 



21 



23 



0.0 



46 



43 



42 



40 



10 21.5 
21.5 
21.5 
21.5 
21.5 
21.5 



10 21. 50 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 

15 


Scale. 


Mean. 


23 


40 


31.5 


105 


40 


43 


41.5 


285 


03 


42. 5 


22.75 


15 


14.2 


52.8 


33.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



10.0 

18.75 

10.75 



Mean v = 9. 88 



Value of one scale- 
division = 3'. 69 



v = 36'. 5 
5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



Logarithms. 



3. 73532 
6. 26761 



0. 00293 



Observed time of 80 oscillations =621. 50 

Time of one oscillation = 7.7688 

Correction for rate =+u. 0003 

2" 7.7691 



Log'ms. 
2" 0. 89037 



1. 78074 
0. 00293 



t'-t=+i° 



mH= 






in-. 0.0728 
-H = 1.96L 



JV2 

l-(t'-t)q 9.99852 

2 12 1.78219 

(ar. co.JT* 8.21781 

ti* 0. 99430 

If 9.94258 

TO-ff 9.15469 

m 8. 80230 

H 0.29239 



Observations of deflections: Date, November 30; 
hour, 4" 37 m .5. Temp. t= — 4. 

^ 8.56990 
H 

mH 9. 154C9 

m 3 1. 72459 

m 8. 86230 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



633 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Bate, December 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Instroment, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Maes ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188; fast 18™ 16»; daily rate, 1\75, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale- 
readings. 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



10 
24 
32 
40 



34.5 
36.5 
39.0 
41.0 
43.5 
46.0 



96 

104 
112 
120 



56 
58 
59 
00 
01 
02 



57.5 

00 

02.5 

04.5 

06.5 

09.0 



-13.0 



-13.0 



-13.0 



40.0 



43.0 



13. 44. 



Means 



60.0 



57.0 



55.0 



10 



23.0 
23.5 
23.5 
23.5 
23.0 
23.0 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



15 43. 7 
105 44. 5 



285 
15 



34.0 
43.0 



54.3 
73.5 
44.0 
55.0 



Mean. 



Differ- 
ences. 



49.0 
59.0 
39.0 
49.0 



10 
20 
10 



Mean v = 10. 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



» = 36'.9 

5100' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+1 



Logarithms. 



3. 73535 
6. 26761 



0. 00296 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 623. 25 

Time of one oscillation 7. 7906 

C orrection for rate — 0. 6002 

2" 7. 7904 



Log'ms. 
2" 0. 89156 



t'-t=0 



T" 1.78312 

1+A 0. 00296 

\-{t'-t)q 0.00000 

T 2 1. 78608 



mS- 






m = 0. 0724 
M= 1.955 



(ar.co.)T 2 8.21392 

7T* 0. 99430 

M 9.94252 

mH 9.15074 

m 8. 85956 

H 0.29118 



Observations of deflections: Date, December 14; 
hour, 3.45 a. m. Temp, t = — 13°. 



~ 8.56837 



mH 9.15074 



m 2 7. 71911 
m 8. 85956 



[Date, January 1, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L ;/ . Mass ring not used. 
CliroDometer, Bond S'o. 188 ; 18™ 40" fast ; daily rate, 3'. gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark. ] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer Temp, 
timo. V 


i Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 






8 

16 

24 
32 
40 


h. 

4 


m. 8. 

28 47 

29 50 

30 52 

31 54 

32 56. 5 

33 58. 5 


—12 

—12 
-12 

—12 

—12 


18 

27 
27 

29 


58 

53 
47 

45 


m. s. 

10 22.5 
22.0 
22.5 
23.0 
22.5 
22.5 


Observed time of 80 oscillations. 


s 

622.50 

7.7813 




V-t=— 0.5 

m= 0.0730 

H= 1.942 

Observations of deflections : Dat 
4 02.5 a.m. Temp, t— 


-0.0003 


I'= 7.7810 

Log'ms. 
2" 0.89104— 

T" 2 1.78207 

1+-- 0.00326 
/ 
l_(t'_t)<7 0.00018 


80 

88 

96 

114 

112 

120 


4 


39 09.5 

40 12. 

41 14 5 

42 17. 

43 lit. 

44 21. 

Means 


10 22.50 


T 2 1.78541 

(ar.co.)T 2 8.21459 
it 2 0. 99430 
If 9.94253 

mil 9.15142 
m 8. 80306 

if 0.28836 

e, January 1 ; hour, 

™ 8.57471 
mil 9.15142 


! "" 


Coefn< 


ient 


of torsion. 




Tors. ! s 
circle, j ° c 


lie. 


Mean. ] ™"' 
j cnces. i 

i 


iiivMon=;f.09 


Logar thras. 


15 
105 
285 

15 


29 
45 
18 
36 


45 
55 
39 

40 


37.0 
50.0 
28.5 
38.0 


13.0 
21.5 
9.5 


V — 40'.6 
5400' + ?/ 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73565 
6.20761 


1 


TO 2 7.72613 
m 8. 86306 


0. 00326 


M 


;an v 


= 11.0 


1 


+ / 





H. Ex. 44- 



-80 



634 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Blagnetie observations at Ugtaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, January 14, 3883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Cbronomeier, Bond JS T o. 188; fast 18 m 50»; daily rate, I s . 75, losing on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 




Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


-30.0 


15.4 


59 


—30.0 


25 


51 


-30.0 


28 


47 


-30.0 


30.5 


47 


-30.0 










Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 618. 92 

Time of one oscillation 7. 7365 

Correction for rate -t-0. 0002 

T' = 7.7307 



03 55 

04 57 
Co 59 
07 00. 5 

Means 



10 18. 5 
19.0 
19.0 
19.0 
19.0 
19.0 



10 18. 92 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Value of one scale- 



Scale. Mean. 



Differ-! division = 3'. 
ences. 



15 30. 5 | 47 

i 27. 3 S 71 

285 j 17. j 36 

15 I 33. j 42. 1 



I 



38.75 ! 
49.15 
26.50 
37.55 



10. 40 

j 22. 65 

11.05 



Menu i>=ll. 03 



u = 40'.7 
5400'+ v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1+i 



Logarithms, i 



3. 73565 
C. 26701 



0. 00326 



Log'ms. 

T' 0. S( 856 



V- «=0. 



1. 77711 



1+-^ 0. 00326 
\-(t'-t)q 0.00000 



r037 



mH= 






m— 0.0738 
H= 1.942 



(ar. co.) T 2 8. 2 if 03 

71- * 0.99430 

M 9. 94242 

mH 9.15635 

m 8. S6S 04 



H 0.28831 



Observations of deflections: Date, January 14; 
hour, 27. 5 a. m. Temp. (=-30°. 

V± 8.57974 

mH 9. 15E35 



m 2 7. 73609 
m 8.86804 



[Date, January 31, 1S83. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; 19 m 07 s fast ; daily rate, 3 8 .5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


-30, 


17.0 


45.0 


-30.0 


21.0 


38.5 


-30.0 


26.0 


36.0 


-30.0 


27.2 


35.2 


-30.0 







Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 

40 



36 
37 
39 
40 
41 
42 



55 

58.4 
01.0 
03.8 
00. 5 
09.0 



80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 



4 47 23.0 

48 26.3 

49 29. 
' 50 31.5 

51 33.8 

52 36. 



10 



28.0 
27.9 
2a 

27.7 
27.3 
27.0 



Means — 



10 27.65 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



15 
105 
285 

15 



Scale. 



Mean, i ^f I 
i enees. 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 



27. 2 | 35. 2 
31. 5G. 



15.0 
30.0 



30.0 
35.0 



31.2 

43.5 
22.5 
32.5 



12.3 
21.0 
10.0 



Wean (' = 10.83 



t' = 40'.0 
5400'+ V' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



Logarithms. 



3. 73560 
6. 26761 



0. 00321 



S. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations 627. 05 

Time of one oscillation 7. 8456 

Correction for rate —0. 0003 

T' = 7. 8453 



r/-fc=0. 



Log'ms. 

2" 0.89461 



mH= 



ir'M 



T rl 1. 78922 

1-f-y 0.00321 

l-(t'-l)q 0.00000 

J 2 1.79243 

(ar. co.)? 2 8.20757 

7i* 0.99430 

M 9.94242 



m=0. 0731 
iT=1.907 



mH 9.14429 
m 8. 86390 



H 0.28039 



Observations of deflections : Date, January 31 ; 
hour, 4 U 17" 1 a. m. ; Temp, t—— 30°. 

g 8.58352 
mH 9.14429 

m 2 7.72781 
m 8. 86390 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABPOW, ALASKA. 



635 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, AlasJca — Continued. 

[Date, February 14, 1883. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; fast 19™ 31* ; daily rate, 3\5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dari.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



1G 
24 
32 
40 



46 

47 
48 
49 
50 
52 



46 

49.5 

53.0 

5C. 

59.0 

02.5 



96 

104 
112 
120 



57 
58 
59 
00 
01 
02 



18.5 
21.5 
25.0 
28.0 
31.0 
34.5 



Means 



-6.0 



6.0 



6.0 
6.0 



01 



11 



18.5 



75 



10 



52.2 



32.5 
32.0 
32.0 
32.0 
32.0 
32.0 



10 32.08 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



15 20. 2 

105 i 43. 



285 
15 



16.0 
29.0 



Mean. 



50. 2 35. 2 



50.0 
39.8 

48.0 



46.5 
27.9 
38.5 



Differ- 
ences. 



11.3 
18. G 
10.6 



Value of one scale- j 
division = 3'. 6! 



Logarithms. 



Mean t>=10. 13 



t>=37'. 4 
5400'+ v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

i+4 



3. 73539 
6. 26761 



0. 00300 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 632. 08 

Time of one oscillation 7.9010 

Correction for rate —0. 0003 

T'= 7. 9007 



t'-t=+2°. 



Log'ms. 
2" 0. 897C7- 



T n 1.79533 

1-f-y 0.00300 

l_(('_t) g 9.99926 

T 2 1. 79759 



mS= 



*m 



(ar.co.)T* 8.20241 
ir* 0. 99430 
M 9.94255 



m =0.0711 
S=\. 938 



mH 9.13926 
m 8.8518G 



S 0. 2S740 



Observations of deflections: Date, February 14; 
hour, 4' 20" a. m.; Temp. (=—8°. 



mH 9.13926 



m 2 7.70371 
m 8. 8518G 



[Date, February 28, 1883. Gbttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer "No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. li-8 ; fast 20 01 ; daily rate, 3'.5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 




Chronometer 
time. 



23.0 
25.5 
28.5 
30.5 
33.0 
36.0 



48.0 
50.5 
53.0 
55.5 
58.0 
00.5 



Means 



Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


-13.0 


1.0 


56.0 


-13.0 


1.0 


47.0 


-13.0 


7.0 


42.0 


-13.0 


11.5 


42.0 


-13.0 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



10 



25.0 
25.0 
24.5 
25.0 
25.0 
24.5 



10 24.83 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



Mean . 



Difl'cr- 



Value of one scale-' 
division =3'. 69 



15 j 11.5 | 42.0 
105 12. 34.0 
285 | 02. 20. 



26.75 

23/0 

11.0 



15 ! 10. r, 31.0 I 23.75 
Mean d = 7. 13 



3.75 
12. 00 

12. 7.-. 



l' = 26'.3 
510(1' + ?.' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

, h 
1+V 



Logarithms. 



3. 73450 
G. 267G1 



0.00211 ! 



Computation. 



s. 

Observed time of 80 oscillations 624.83 

Timoof one oscillation 7. 8104 

Correction for rate —0.0003 

2"=7.8101 



Log'ms. 
T< 0. S92BG- 



£'-£ = + 0.5 



T* 1.78531 

1+y 0.00211 

l-(t'-t)? 



T* 1.78724 



mH= 






(ar. co.) T 2 8. 21276 

tt! 0.99430 

M 9.94252 

mH 9.14958 

m 8. 6G044 



m = 0.0725 
H= 1.946 



H 0.28914 



Observations of deflections: Date, February 28 ; hour, 
4.15 a. in. Temp. <=-13°.5 



^ 8.57129 
mil 9.14958 



7. 72087 

8. 86044 



636 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, March 14, 1883. Gottingen trine. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188 ; fast 20 ni 41".5 ; daily rate, 1".5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. DarkT] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



96 
104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. m. 

5 16 



37.0 

17 89. 

18 41.5 

19 4.1.0 

20 4*. 



27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 



06.5 
00.0 
12.0 
14.5 
17.0 
19.5 



Means — 



Temp. 
V 


Exlreuie scale 
readings. 


-8.0 


22.0 


43.0 


-8.0 


26.5 


38.0 


-8.0 


35.0 


28.0 


-8.0 


30.0 


35.0 


-8.0 











Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



10 



29.5 

30.0 
30.5 
29.5 
29.0 
28.0 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 629. 42 

Time of one oscillation 7. E678 

Correction lor rate — 0. 0i;01 

T< 7. 8677 



Log'ms. 
2" 0. 89585 

I' 2 1. 79170 
h 
1 + y 0.00224 

1_ {f-t)q 0.00184. 



10 29.42 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors. 

circle. 



15 

105 

285 
15 



Scale. 


Mean. 


30 


35.0 


32.5 


34 


43.0 


38.5 


14 


33.0 


23.5 


29 


36.5 


32.75 



Differ- 
ences. 



6.0 
15.0 
9.25 



Mean v =7. 56 



Value of one scale- T „ •«," 

division = 3'.69 ! L °g a "t"ms. 



i>=27'.9 

5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

1 + 7 



3. 73463 
6. 26761 



0. 00224 



t'-i = -5.0 



T 2 1. 79578 



mH-- 



jfiM 

- T 2 



m= 0.0725 
S= 1.910 



(ar. co.)T 2 8.20422 

it* 0. 99-130 

21 9.94258 

mil 9.14110 

m 8. 86015 



B 0. 28095 



Observations of deflections •. Date, March 14 ; hour, 
4.55 a.m. Temp. t=-3°.0 

'''-• 8.57S20 
h 
mH 9.14110 

m 2 7.72030 

m 8. 8C015 



[Date, March 31, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. 
Chronometer, Bond No. 188; fast, 21 m 32 s ; daily rate. 5» gaining on mean time. Observer, J. C. Maxfiold.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 




10 
20 
31 
41 
51 



100 
110 
120 
131 
141 
151 



Chronometer 
time. 



h. m. 
4 45 



28.5 
48.5 
07.5 
33.0 
52.5 
12.0 



Temp. 

V. 



58 
00 
01 
02 
04 
05 



44.0 
03.5 
23.0 
49.5 
09.0 
28. 5 



21.5 



21.0 



20.5 



20.0 



Means j 20. 75 



Extreme scale ; Tim" if 100 os- 
readings. dilations. 



18.0 



24.0 



29.8 



45.4 



41.0 



40.0 



39.4 



13 15. 5 
15.0 
15. 5 
16.5 
10.5 
16.5 



13 15.92 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


133 


29.4 


3S. 8 


34.1 


223 


37.6 


42.4 


40.0 


43 


22.8 


36.4 


29.6 


133 


15.1 


54.1 


34.6 



Differ- 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 09 



Logarithm r 



5.9 

10.4 
5.0 



Mean t> = 3.33 



!) = 19'.7 

5400' + u' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

.a 



3. 73398 
6. 26701 



Computation. 



Observed time of 100 oscillations 79.3.92 

Time of one oscillation 7. 9592 

Correction for rale — 0. 00(3 

T'= 7.9587 



Logins. 
F 0. 901.84 



V — t=— 5.25 



mH = 



7T 2 2I 



?n = 0.0701 
XT=1.945 



T' 2 1.80168 

1+- 0.00159 
/ 

I — («' — t)q 0.00194 

T' 1. Si 521 j 

(ar. co.)T 2 8.19618 ! 

77* (1. 99430 I 

21 9.94276 | 

mil U.J3403 ! 

in 8. H5C0 I 

H 0.2S897 



Observations of deflections: Date, March 3L; hour, 
3.57 a. in., by Bond No. 388. Temp. t= 20 



~ 8. 55C70 



0.00159 



mil 9. 13463 



m* 7 69133 
m 8. 84566 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



637 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, April] 4,1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188; fast, 22 m 20 s ; daily rate, 5\25, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


C hronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V. 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. TO. s. 
4 51 57.0 

53 01.0 

54 05. 

55 09. 

56 12.5 

57 16.0 


23.0 

22.0 
22.0 

21.0 


29.8 

34.0 
36.0 

38.2 


50.0 

48.5 
48.0 

47.0 


TO. s. 

10 39 
39 
39 
39 
40 
41 


s. 
Observed time of 80 oscillations 639. 50 




T'— 7.9933 

Log'ms. 
V 0. 90273- 

T' 2 1. 80345 

1+^0. 00039 

1 — («' — t)q 0.00074 

T* 1. 80658 

(ar. co.)T 2 8.19342 
77 s 0. 994:0 
M 9.94274 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


5 02 36.0 

03 40.0 

04 44. 

05 48. 

06 52. 5 

07 57. 


Means 


22.0 


10 39.50 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- T v _._i*i._,„ 
division = 3'.69 logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


T* mil 9.13046 
m = 0. 0690 to 8. 83904 

11= 1.956 H 0.29142 

Observations of deflections: Date, April 14: hour, 
4.40 a.m., by Bond No. 18S. Temp. t=24°.0 

'"' 8. 54763 
jl 
mil 9. 13046 

TO 2 7. 67809 
m 8. 83904 


249 
159 
339 
249 


38.2 
38.0 
41.3 

41.8 


47.0 
44.1 
46.8 
45.0 


42.60 
41.05 
44.05 
43.40 


! 

1.55 I 

3.00 ! 

j) = 4'.8 
0.65 5490' + »' 

5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73278 
6. 26761 






0. 00039 


Mean » = 1.30 

| 


1 


+ 7 





[Date, April 30, 1883. Gottingin time. Instiument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, BondNo. 188; fast 23 m 39" daily rate, gaining 5".0 un mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


1 

Extreme scale ( Time of 80 os- 

readings. dilations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 

24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 

4 52 48.0 

53 52. 

54 56.0 

56 00. 

57 04. 

58 08.0 


26.0 

26.0 
29 

26.0 


26.0 

27.5 
29.0 

30.0 


47.5 

44 
42.5 

40.8 


m. s. 

10 40. fO 

40. CO 
40. w 
4(1. (10 
40.00 
40.00 


Observed time of 80 oscillations 640.00 

Time of one oscillation 8. 0000 


T= 7.0995 

Log'ms. 
T< 0. 9031 6+ 
o 

t'-«=0.0 T n 1.80613 

1+''- 0. 00053 

1— (t'-t)\\ 0.00000 

T 2 1.806C8 

(ar. co.)?'-' 8.19332 
vr 2 0. 99430 
21 0.94276 

.,] TT " »' 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


5 03 28.0. 

04 32.0 

05 30. 

06 40. 

07 44.0 

08 48.0 


Means 


26.0 


10 40.00 


Coefficient of torsion. Value 


of one sc 


ale division = 3'.69 


Logarithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mian. 


Differ- 
ences. 


V= C. 8 
5400'+»' 
5100 (ar. co.) 


T' mil 9. 130rt8 
m = 0. 0(190 m 8. 83908 

fl=l. 956 11 0.29130 

Observations of deflections: D:ite, April 30; hour, 
4-35 a. in.; by Bond iN'o. 188. Temp. { = 26. 

mil 9. 13038 

TO* 7. 67815 
TO 8. 8391.8 


185 

95 

275 

185 


30.0 
29.5 
35.8 
33.2 


40.8 
37.6 
39.0 
38.2 


35.4 
33.55 
37.4 
35.7 


1 85 
3.85 
1.70 


3. 73294 
(i. 20701 

0. 00055 


Mean u= I. 85 


H 


A 

"7 





638 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BABEOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



[Date, May 14, 1883. Giittingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Wagnet, L„. Mass ring not used. 
nometer, Bond No. 188, 23 n \20 s fast, daily rate, 3'.5, losing on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.l 



Chro- 



No. of oseil- 
lations. 


Clironometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. TO. s. 

4 55 15 

56 19 

57 23 

58 26 • 

59 30 

5 00 33.5 


35.0 

35.0 


12 

13 
16 

19.5 


30 

31 
25.8 

28.2 


m. s. 

10 35 
34 
34 
35.5 
35.5 
35.5 


s. 




T= 7.9368 


Log'ms. 
T 1 0-. 89965- 


80 

t.8 

96 

104 

112 

120 


5 05 50 

06 53 

07 57 

09 01.5 

10 05. 5 

11 09. 


35.0 
35.0 


«'_f=0.0 T* 1.79929 

1-|A 0.00037 

1- (t'-t) q 0.00000 

T 2 1.79966 

(ar. co.)T s 8.20034 

** 0.99430 

mS _* 2 M M 9.94281 


Means 


35.0 


10 34. 92 


Coefficient of torsion. Value of one scale division = 3'.69 


Lbgaarithms. 




Differ- 
ences. 


v = 4'.5 
54U0'+D' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. Mean. 


mH 9.13745 
to = 0.697 rn, 8.84326 


H= 1,969 -H" 0.29419 

Observations of deflections: Date, May 14; hour, 
4.30 a. m. i by Bond No. 188. Temp. t= 35°. 

*Ti 8.54908 
H 
mH 9.13745 

TO 2 7.68653 
m 8. 84326 


290 

200 

20 

290 


19.0 
12.0 
14.0 
17.9 


23.0 21.0 
28. 5 20. 25 
31.3 ! 22.63 
23. 9 j 20. 9 


0.75 
2.40 

1.75 

1 


3. 73276 
6. 26761 


0. 00037 


Mean w = 1.23 


. '+7 





[Date, May 31, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188 ; fast 23 m 43»; daily rate, 3».5, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. G. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 
24 
32 
40 



104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



17.0 
21.0 
25.0 
29.0 
33.0 
37.0 



53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 



03.0 
07.0 
11.0 
15.5 
20.0 
24.5 



Means 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale | Time of 80 o! 
readings. cillations. 



39.5 



39.5 



40.0 



40.0 



39.75 



41.3 



52.0 



44.0 ! 53.0 



39.0 



40.1 



51.0 



54.2 



Coefficient or torsion. Value of one scale-division =3'. 



Tors, 
circle. 



258 
108 



Scale. 



40.1 
44.2 



348 | 44. C 
258 44. 



54.2 
48.0 
51.2 
49.3 



Mean. 



Differ- 



47.15 
46.10 
47.90 
46.65 



1.05 
1.80 
1.25 



Mean v = l. 03 



»=3'.8 

5400'+v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 



1+- 



10 



46.0 
46.0 
46.0 
46.5 
47.0 
47.5 



10 46.50 



Logarithms. 



3. 73270 
6. 26761 



0. 00031 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 646. 50 

Time of ono oscillation 8.0812 

Correction for rate — 0.0003 

T< =8. 0809 



t'-t=l° 



mH- 



irW 



Log'ms. 

2" 0.90746 

2"2 1.81492 

1+j 0.00031 

1— (V-t)q 0.00037 

T 2 1. 81560 

(ar. co.) T* 8. 18440 

n* 0.99430 

m 9.94284 



to =0.0682 
H= 1.939 



mH 9.12154 
TO 8.83400 



H 0.28754 



Observations of deflections : Date, May31 ; hour, 4.15 
a. m. ; by Bond, No. 188. Temp. f=40°.75 



^ 8.54647 
mH 9.12154 



m 2 7. 06801 
m 8.83400 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



639 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 



[Date, June 14, 1883. Gb'ttingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass iing not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188, fast 24" 21».5; daily rate, 1».75, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. nark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



Chronometer 
time. 



Temp. 

V 



Extreme scale 
readings. 



Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



Computation. 



16 
24 
32 

40 



47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 



10.0 
14.5 
19.0 
24.0 
29.0 
34.0 



80 



104 
112 
120 



57 58. 

59 03.0 

00 07. 

01 12. 

02 17.0 

03 21. 5 



Means 



43.0 



43.0 



43.0 
43.0 



12.0 



13.2 



16.2 



36.0 



33.0 



21.5 



27.8 



Coefficient of torsion. Value of one scale-division =3'. 



Tors, 
circle. 



260 

170 

50 

260 



Scale. 



Mean. 



16. 2 27. 8 

16. 2 | 24. 2 

18. 3 j 27. 7 

18.3 i 27.5 



22.0 
20.2 
23.0 
22.9 



Oiffer- 
ences. 



1.8 

2.8 

o.i ! 



Mean »=1. 18 



«=4'.4 
5400' -fr>' 
5400 (ar. co.) 

h 



10 



48.0 
48.5 
48.0 
48.0 
48.0 
47.5 



10 48. 00 



Logarithms. 



3. 73275 
6. 26761 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 648. 00 

Time of one oscillation... 8. 1000 

Correction for rate — 0. 0002 

2" =8. 0998 



t'-t=+l° 



m = 0.0676 

22= 1.951 

Observations of deflectioDs: 
4.32.5 a.m., by chronomcte 
t=42°. 



2" 


Log'ms. 
0. 90847+ 


2*2 


1. 81695 


1+7 


0. 00036 


l-(t'-t)q 


9. 99963 


T z 


1.81694 


(ar.co.) T' 

IT 1 

in 


8. 18306 
0. 99430 
9. 94285 


mff 
m 


9.K021 

8. 83002 


H 


0. 29019 


nate, Juno 14; hour, 
Bond No. 188. Temp. 


ro 

H 

mH 


8. 5S984 
9. 12021 


m 2 
m 


7. 66005 
8. 83002 



[Date, June 30, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188 ; 28 m 53> slow ; daily rate, 4 s . gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Hark.) 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 



16 

24 
32 
40 



96 
104 
112 
120 



Chronometer 
time. 



44.5 
49.5 
54.5 
59.5 
04.5 
09.5 



35.5 
40.5 
45.5 
50.5 
56.0 
01.0 



Means 



Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


52.0 


19.7 


41.1 


52.0 


22.5 


33.5 


52.0 


19.5 


42.0 


52.0 


19.3 


41.2 


52.0 







Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 



51 
51.0 
51.0 
51.0 
51.5 
51.5 



10 51. 17 



Coefficient of torsion. 



Tors, 
circle. 



Scale. 



40 
130 
310 

40 



18. | 43. 
20.5 45.2 



15.0 
19.7 



42.0 
41.1 



Mean. 



30.5 

32.85 

28.5 

30.4 



niffer- 
ences. 



Value of one scale- 
division =3'.69 



2.35 
4.35 

1.90 



Mean v = 2. 15 



v=V. 9 
54004-1)' 
5400 (ar. oo.) 



1+7 



Logarithms. 



3. 73303 
6. 26761 



0. 00064 



Computation. 



Observed time of 80 oscillations 651. 17 

Time of one oscillation 8. 1396 

Correction for rate —0. 0004 

T'= 8.1392 

Log'ms. 
2" 0.91058 

2'* 1. 82116 

t ,_ t = 1 o 1+j 0.C0064 

l-(t'~- t)'q 0.00037 

T 2 1.82217 

(ar.co.)2 2 8.17783 

_ „ilf ir* 0. 904.10 

mfl =-yT M 9.94292 

m= 0.0665 m 8 8 v 302 

2f=1.959 22 0.29203 

Observations of deflections : nate," June 30 ; hour, 
3 h 25" a. m., by Bond , No. 188. Temp, t — 53°. 

^ 8.53100 

mH 9.11505 

m> 7. 04605 
m 8. 82302 



640 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Magnetic observations at Uglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, July 14, 1883. Gottineen time. Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond No. 188; 28 m 07» slow; daily rate, 3».0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.l 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 

V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
49 


h. m. s. 
4 14 14 

15 19. 5 

16 25. 

17 30. 5 

18 35.5 

19 41 


53.0 

53.0 
53.0 

53.0 
53.0 


18.0 

24.0 
27.2 

31.0 


43.0 

41.0 
41.2 

4L0 


TO. s. 

10 54.0 
54.0 
53.5 
53.0 
53.5 
53.0 


s. 


Time of one oscillation 8. 1288 




T= 8. 1685 

Log'ms. 
T 0. 91214 

T' 3 1.82428 

o i_|3 0.00061 

t'-t=0. l—(t'-t)q 0. 00000 

T z 1. 824S9 

(ar. co.)T 2 8. 17511 

,„. 7T* 0.094E0 

,»I=f ^ 9- 34-292 

mH a. 11233 
to=0. 0675 to 8. 82957 

JH= 1.918 H 0.28276 

Observations of deflections: Date, Julv 14; hour, 
3 h 50™ a. ni., by Bond, No. 188. Temp.'«=53°. 

VJL 8.54C75 

mH 9.11233 

to 2 7.65908 
TO 8. 82954 


80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 


4 25 08 
20 13. 5 

27 18.5 

28 23. 5 

29 29. 

30 34. 


Means 


10 53. 50 






Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 69 


Logarithm s. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. 


120 

210 

30 

120 


31.0 
36.8 
32.2 
33.8 


' 1 
41.0 30.0 

39. 4 ; 38. 1 

1 

36. 8 1 34. 5 

40. 2 37. 


2.1 

3.6 
2.5 


8=7'. 6 
5400'+ v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73300 
ti. 26761 


Menu 8=2. 05 


M 


h 
~f 




0. 00061 



[Date, -July 31, 18S3. Gottingen time Instrument, theodolite magnetometer No. 11. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer. Bond. No. 188; slow 27™ 15. 5 s ; daily rate, 4».0, gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. D;irk.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations.. 


Computation. 


1 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


h. m. s. 
3 45 38.5 
40 43.5 

47 48. 

48 52.5 

49 57. 5 
51 02. 


44.0 

44.0 
44.0 

44.0 
44.0 


17.5 

20.8 
23.5 

21.0 


47.0 

43.0 
44.5 

34.5 


m. s. 

10 47.5 
47.0 
46.5 
40.0 
45. 5 
45. 5 


Observed time of 80 oscillations 


s 
646. 33 

8. 0791 
-0. 0004 

- 8. 0787 

Logins. 1 
0.S6734 

1.M463 
0. 0007." 

0. ooroo ' 




T'= 
2" 



v-t=o.o 1+ \ 

/ 

1 - (f - f) 7 
T l 

(ar. co.) T* 

IT- 

M 

mS=tM to 

m = 0.0681 11 
11= 1.S43 

Observations of deflections; date, July 31; i 
a. ni., by Bond, Xo. It8. Temp, t = 44°. 

m 

H 

mil 

TO 2 

m 


80 
83 
9G 
104 
112 
120 


3 56 26.0 

57 30. 5 

58 34.5 

59 38. 5 

4 O'l 43.0 
01 47.5 

Means 


:0 46.33 


1.81543 






8. 18457 
0. T9430 

9. 91286 

9. 12,73 
8. i::j.,10 


Coefiic 


rent of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division = 3'.69 


Logarithms. 


Tors 
circle. 

350 

80 
260 
350 


Sc 


• 1 


0. 28857 


21.0 
20 4 
25.0 
2S.0 




8 = 9'. 3 
5400' + 8' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73314 
6. 26761 


34.5 
36.4 
31.0 
34.0 


27. 75 • 
31.4 
28.0 
31.0 


3.65 
3.40 
3.0 ! 

! 
1 


our, 3.10 

8.54458 
9.12173 

7. 06' 31 

8. 83310 


Meant) = 2. 51 


1 J 


h 7 




0. 00075 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



641 



Magnetic observations at TTglaamie, Alaska — Continued. 

[Date, August 14, 1883. Gottingen time. Instrument, theoclolitemagnetometerNo.il. Magnet, L„. Mass ring not used. Chro- 
nometer, Bond, No. 188; slow 26 m 28" ; daily rate, 4 s , gaining on mean time. Observer, A. C. Dark.] 



No. of oscil- 
lations. 


Chronometer 
time. 


Temp. 
V 


Extreme scale 
readings. 


Time of 80 os- 
cillations. 


Computation. 



8 
16 
24 
32 
40 


ft. to. s. 
4 17 57.5 

19 02. 

20 06. 5 

21 11.0 

22 15. 5 

23 20. 


47.0 

47.0 
47.0 

47.0 
47.0 


15.0 

13.2 
14.3 

17.2 


39.2 

41.5 
40.0 

35.3 


TO. S. 

10 48.5 
49.5 
50.5 
51.0 
51.5 
52.0 




s. 
...650.50 


Time of one oscillation 



I' — t = — 0. 5 

1 — 

(ai 

TO. = 0.0668 
3= 1.956 

Observations of deflections; date 
4. 05 a. m., by Bond, No. 188. T 


8.1313 

-0.0004 


T'— 8.1309 


Log'ms. 
2" 0. 91014 

2" 2 1.82028 

1 -)- — 0. 00028 
/ 
(V — i)q 0. 00018 


80 
88 
96 
104 
112 
120 


4 28 46.0 

29 51.5 

30 57. 

32 02. 

33 07. 

34 12. 


Means 


10 50.50 


T 2 1. 82074 






'. coT) T 2 8. 17926 
7T* 0.99430 
M 9.94288 


Coefficient of torsion. 


Value of one scale- 
division =3'. 09 


Logaiithms. 


Tors, 
circle. 


Scale. 


Mean. 


Differ- 
ences. | 
1 


mH 9.11644 
to 8. 82508 


H 0.29136 


78 
108 
348 

78 


17.2 
18.8 
18.5 
17.2 


35.3 
34.2 
28.0 
29.0 


26.25 
26.5 
23.25 
23.1 


0.25 
3.25 
0.15 


V = y. 4 

5400' + v' 
5400 (ar. co.) 


3. 73267 
6. 26761 


August 14; hour, 
imp. t = 47°. 5 

m 

jj 8.53373 

mJS 9.11(41 

TO 2 7.651.17 
TO 8. 82508 


0. 00028 


Mean v = 0. 91 


1- 







Recapitulation of t emits for H and m. 



Date. 



1881. 
Dec. 17 
18 
19 



1882. 
Jan. 18 

19 
20 



Feb. 16 
17 
18 



Mar. 17 
18 
19 



Apr. 17 
18 
19 



May 17 
18 
19 



H 



in at 



1.929 
1.932 
1.934 



1. 932 ! 0. 0671 



1. 925 
1.910 
1.913 

1 916 

1.979 
1. 861 
1. 930 



1. 930 

1 931 
1, KflR 
1. 90(5 



1. 902 
1.905 
1.910 



1.9' 5 
1.919 
1. 936 



0. 0093 



0. Of.90 | 



Date. 



0. 0C90 



1882. 
June 17 
18 
19 



July 18 
19 
20 



Aug. 17 
18 
19 



Aua. 31 | 
Sept. 14 i 

30 i 



Oct. 14 

31 



Nov. 14 
30 



Dlc. 14 



62° F. 



1.947 
1.916 
1.946 



1. 936 0. 0090 



1.931 
1. 920 
1. 920 



1.924 0.0695 



1. 976 ! 
1.921 I 
1.940 

1.948 j 0.0685 

1. !/." 7 i 
1.947 ! 
1. 91.1 I 

1.939 , 0. G680 

1.935 i 
1.938 i 

1 930 j 0. OHrO 

1 982 j 
1.96L 



Date. 



1.972 
1.955 



0. 0082 
0. 0679 



1883. 
Jan. 1 
14 
31 



Feb. 14 
28 



Mar. 14 
31 



Apr. 14 
30 



n 



m at 
62° ]o. 



1.942 

1.942 
1. 907 



1.930 


0. 0681 


1.938 
1.946 




1.942 


0. 0075 


1. 910 
1.945 




1.928 


0. 0683 


1.950 
1.950 




1.956 


0. 0f69 






May 14 


1. !)09 




31 


1. 939 






1.954 


0.0076 | 




" 


— 


June 14 


1.951 


1 


30 


1. 959 


1 




1. 955 


0. 00(i2 | 




— - 





July U 

31 


1.9'8 
1.C43 


1 




1.930 


0.0670 ! 




— — 


— 


Aug. 14 


1.956 


0.0060 



n. Ex. 44- 



-SL 



642 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



APPENDIX No. 5. 



OBSERVATIONS MADE AT UGLAAMIE, ALASKA, I2V1881, 1882, AND 1883 FOB DETERMINING THE MAG- 
NETIC DIP AND THE MAGNETIC INTENSITY BY MEANS OF THE DIPPING NEEDLE, TOGETHER 
WITH THE COMPUTATION AND A RECAPITULATION OF RESULTS. 

[Computer, E. H. Courtenay.] 

[Date, November 30,1881. Gottingen time. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Observer, M. Smith. Time of 

beginning 10 h 15™ p. m. ; time of ending, 10 h 47™ p. m.l 



Polarity of marked end B north. Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
fkce east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. . 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 41 

42 


o / 

81 21 

18 


o / o / 

81 35 81 15 

37 ! 17 

i 


o / 

81 27 

24 


O ' 

81 10 
14 
12 
15 


/ 

81 18 

17 

19 

16 


O I 

81 22 
18 
21 

17 


O ' 

81 25 
23 


o / 

81 17 

15 


O 1 I o / 

81 18 81 20 

15 | 22 


O ' 

81 35 
38 


o / 

81 14 

16 


o t 

81 30 

32 


r 

81 08 

10 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 11° 45'. 5 
NeedleS. 47.5 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 11 42.5 
NeedleS. 10 42.0 


81 41. 5 81 19. 5 


81 36 |81 16 


81 25. 5 81 12. 7 


81 17. 581 19. 5 


81 24 81 16 


81 16. 5 81 21 


81 36. 5 81 15 

I 


81 31 


81 09 


81° 30'. 5 


81° 26'. 


81° 19'. 1 


81° 18'. 5 


81° 20'. 


81° 18'. 8 


81° 25'. 8 


81° 20'. 


Mag. nier. 11 29. 375 


81° 28'. 2 


81° 18'. 8 


81° 19'. 4 


81° 22'. 9 


Mean 81° 23'. 5 


Mean 81° 21'. 1 


Resulting dip, 81° 22'. 3 



[Date, December 17, 1881. Gottingen time. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Observer, J. Cassidy.] 





Polarity of marked end B north. 


1 




Polarity of marked end A north. 




Circle oast, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
" face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


81 51 

47 


81 40 
37 


O ' 

81 50 
48 


/ 

81 30 

27 


o / o / 

81 23 I 81 16 

20 16 


o / 

81 30 

28 


O ' 

81 25 
24 


81 40 
34 


o / 

81 43 

35 


O ' 

81 18 
16 


o / 

81 07 

07 


O / | O ' 

81 43 81 28 

40 ; 28 


O ' 

81 30 
30 


o ■ / 

81 08 

07 


81 49 


81 38.5 


81 49 


81 28.5 


81 21. 5 


81 16 


81 29 ! 81 24. 5 

I 


81 37 


81 39 


. 81 17 


81 07 


81 41. 5 81 28 


81 30 81 07. 5 


81° 43'. 7 


81° 38'. 8 


81° 18'. 7 


81° 26'. 8 


81° 38'. 


81° 12'. 


81° 34'. 7 


81° 18'. 8 


81° 41 


.2 


81° 


22'. 8 


81° 


25'. 


81° 


26'. 8 




Mean 


81° 32'. 






Mean 


81° 25'. 9 










Resulting d 


ip, 81° 28'. 9 









[Date, December 18. 1881. Gottingen time. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Observer, J. Murdoch. Time of 

beginning, 1 L 09™ a. m. ; time of ending, l h 55™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, | Circle (vest, . Circle west, 
! face west. J face east. 1 face west. 


Circle west, j Circle west, 
face west. • face east. 

1 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. i N. 


1 S ' 


N. j S. 


N. S. 


N. 


S. 


N. ! S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. ! N. 

| 


O ' ; O / 

81 35 81 00 
35 07 


1 ° ' 

81 47 

47 


o ' ° ' 

81 23 81 05 

22 00 


, I 

81 04 !81 19 
04 | 29 


o / 
81 21 ! 
29 


O ' 

81 25 
25 


O ' 1 O ' 1 ' 

81 23 181 08 181 26 
23 i 03 ! 18 


o t 

81 35 

35 


o / 

81 11 

13 


O ' ! ° ' 

81 35 Isi 20 

40 ; 20 


Oircle JV. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 35 81 03. 581 47 181 22. 5 81 05. 5 81 04 


81 24 |81 25 
1 


81 25 


81 23 181 05. 5 81 22 


81 35 


81 12 


81 37. 5 81 20 


81° 19'. 2 


81° 34'. 8 81° 04'. 7 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 24. '0 81° 13'. 8 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 28'. 7 




Mag. nier. 11° 30' 


81 


27'. 81° 14'. 6 


81° 18'. 9 


81° 26'. 1 


Menn 81° 20'. 8 


Mean 


81° 22'. 5 




Resulting dip, 81° 21'. 7 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



643 



[Date, December 19, 1881. Giittengen time. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Observer, 

J. Cassidy.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarily of marked end B north. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle (vest, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


X. 


S. 


N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


M". 


S. 


N. 


o • 

81 31 

33 


O ' 

SI 14 
10 


o / 

81 47 

48 


81 20 
23 


O 1 

81 21 
15 


O ' 

81 21 
16 


o / 

81 30 

30 


O ' 

81 40 
39 


' ° ' 

81 13 181 18 

15 i 21 


o / 

81 18 

18 


O ' 

81 19 
23 


o / 

81 41 

40 


o ' 

81 18 
18 


o t 

81 41 

38 


O ' 

81 19 
21 


81 32 


81 12 


81 47. 5 


81 21. 5 


81 18 


81 18. 5 


81 30 


81 39. 5'81 14 |81 19. 5 ! 81 18 '81 21 

! I 


81 40. 5*81 18 

1 


81 39. 5 


81 20 


81° 22'. 


81° 34'. 5 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 34'. 8 


81° 16'. 7 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 29'. 2 


81° 29'. 8 


81° 28'. 3 


81° 2C.5 


81° 18'. 1 


81° 


29'. 5 


Mean 


81° 27'.4 




Mean 


81° 23'.8 






Resulting dip, 81° 25'. 6 









[Date, January 18, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Observer, J". Cassidy. Time of beuimiinn 

l h 10° a. m. ; time of ending, l h 50 m a. m. Gottingen time] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 




Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle east, ' Circle cast, 
face cast. face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face e;:sfc. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
faco east. 


S. 


' N. J S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
81 47 

50 


O ' 

81 23 
20 


O 1 

81 31 
33 


o / 
81 12 
15 , 


o / 

81 10 

07 


o / 

81 20 

22 


o / 

81 17 
16 


O ' 

81 23 
21 


O ' 

81 35 

34 


/ 

81 29 

29 


' 

81 14 

15 


' 

81 17 

18 


, 

81 55 

51 


' 

81 30 

28 


' 

81 33 

37 


» 

81 15 

15 


81 48. 5 


81 21. 5 


81 32 81 13. 5; 


81 08. 5 


81 21 


81 16. 51 81 22 


81 34. 5l 81 29 


81 14.5 


tfl 17. 5 


81 53 


81 29 


81 30 


81 15 


81° 33'. 


81° 2i'. 8 

1 


81° 14'. 7 


81° 19'. 3 

• 


81° 31'. 8 


81° 16'. 


81° 41'. 


81° 25'. 5 


81° 28'. 9 


81° . 


17'. 


81° 23'. 9 


81° 


13'. 3 


Mean 


.81° 22'. 9 




Mean 81° 28'.6 






Resulting 


dip, 81° 25'. 8 







[Date, January 19, 18S2. Station, Uglaauiie, Alaska. Dip circlo No. 23. Needl •. No. 2. Observer, J. Cassidy. Time of beginning, V> 1C» 

a. m. ; time of ending, l h 45 m a^m. Gottingen time.] 



Polarity of marked end T! north. 


Polaiity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle cast, 
face east. 


Circle e:ist. 
face west. 


Circle west, 1 Circle west, 
face east. 1 face west. 


Circle west, 
faco west. 


Circlo west, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S>. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ / 

81 39 i81 12 

43 j 12 


' 

81 35 

32 


/ 

81 12 

10 


/ 

81 19 

25 


/ 

81 20 

20 


' / 

81 06 81 13 

09 ( 13 


81 24 
26 


1 

81 25 

27 


01 ' 

81 16 61 06 

16 07 


/ 

81 15 

16 


/ 

81 18 

17 


/ 

81 16 

20 


/ 
81 06 

08 


Circle N. 

Needle N". 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 41 !81 12 

1 


81 33. 581 11 


81 22 


81 20 


81 07. 5 81 13 


81 25 


81 26 


81 16 jSl 06.5,81 15.5 81 17.5 

1 1 


81 18 


81 07 


81° 26'. 5 


81° 22'. 3 


81° 21' 81° 10'. 2 


81° 25'. 5 


81° 11'. 3 


81° 16'. 5 


81° 12'. 5 


8l» 


14'. 4 


81° 15'. C 


81° 


18'. 4 


81° 14'. 5 


Mag. mer. 11° 25' 




Mean 


81° 20'.0 


Mean. 81° 16'.4 






Resulting c 


ip, 81° 18'. 2 





C44 



EXPEDITION TO TOINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, January 20, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Tim© of 

beginning, l h lO" a. m. ; time of ending, l h 40™ a.m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle oast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face cast. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 27 

26 


o / 

81 02 

00 


o / 

81 40 

42 


o / 

81 20 

21 


o / 

81 05 

07 


o / 

81 04 

04 


o / 

81 30 

30 


O ' 

81 27 

27 


o / 

81 26 

23 


o / 

81 17 

17 


81 27 
24 


o / 

81 25 

25 


81 50 
45 


o / 

81 13 

10 


o / 

81 38 

41 


81 23 

22 


Circle If. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
NecT.le S. 

Mag. mer. 11° 25. 


81 26. 5 


81 01 


81 41 


81 20. 5 


81 06 


81 04 


81 30 


81 27 


81 24. 5 


81 17 


81. 25. 5 


81 25 


81 47. ft 


81 14.5 


SI 39.5 


SI 22. 


81° 13'. 8 


81° 30'. 7 


81° 05'. 


81° 28'. 5 


81° 20'. 8 


81° 25'. 2 


81° 31'. 


81° 30'. 8 


81° 


22'. 2 


81° 


16'. 8 


81° 


23'. 


81° 30'. 9 


Mean 81° 19'. 5 




Mean 


81° 26. 9 


Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 2 



[Date, February 16, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, l u 10 m a. m.; time ending l h 40 m a. m.J 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Ch-clc east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

81 46 
47 


O I 

81 38 
34 


O ' 

81 40 

38 


O ' 

81 39 
43 


/ 

81 38 
36 


o / 

81 27 

31 


o / 

81 20 

15 


o / 

81 20 

20 


o / 

81 22 

25 


/ 

81 23 

24 


/ 

81 27 

24 


o I 

81 18 
17 


o ; 

81 49 

53 


O ' 

81 It 
13 


o / 

81 40 

44 


o ' 

81 15 
17 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Nc< die S. 

Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 


81 46. 5 


81 36 


81 39 


81 41 


81 37 


81 29 


81 17. 5 


81.20 


81 23. 5 


81 23. 5,81 25. 5 


81 17. 5 


81 51 


81 12 


81 42 


81 16 


81° 41'. 2 


81° 40'. 


81° 33'. 


81° 18'. 8 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 21'. 5 


81° 31'. 5 


81° 29'. 


81° 


40'. 6 


81° 


25'. 9 


81° 22'. 5 


81° 30'. 2 


Mean . 81° 33'. 3 


• Mean . 81° 26'. 4 






Resulting d 


p, 81° 29'. 8 





[Date, February 17, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of 

beginning, 2 h 10™ a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 55 m . a. m. ] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, l Circle west, 
face west. 1 face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
faco west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 42 

42 


o / 

81 22 

23 


/ 

81 45 
43 


o 

81 31 
30 


o / 

81 10 

09 


o / 

81 05 

07 


o / 

81 27 

29 


o / 

81 28 

29 


/ 

81 21 
18 


o / 

81 18 

21 


o / 

81 17 

21 


o / 

81 17 

15 


o / 

81 35 

33 


o / 

81 17 
21 


o / 

81 44 

44 


o / 

81 21 

25 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 


81 42 


81 22. 5 


81 44 


81 30. 5 


81 09. 5 


81 06 


81 28 


81 28. 5 


81 19. 5 


81.19.5 


81 19 


81 16 


81 34 


81 19 


81 44 


81 23 


81° 32'. 2 


81° 37'. 3 


81° 07'. 8 


81° 28'. 2 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 26'. 5 


81° 33'. 5 


81° 34'. 8 


81° 18'. 


81° 18'. 5 


81° : 


0'. 


Mean 81° 26'. 4 


Mean 


. 81° 24'. 2 




Resulting dip, 81° 25'. 3 

-, 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



C45 



[Date, February 18, 1882. Station. TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 10" 

a. m. ; time of ending, l* 45" a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
lace east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circlo east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
81 14 


o / 

81 24 

21 


D f 

81 50 
51 


o / 

81 35 

35 


o / 

81 42 

41 


o / 

81 19 

19 


o / 

81 21 

23 


o / 

81 22 

23 


o / 

81 15 

19 


O ' 

81 18 
18 


o / 

81 23 

25 


o / o t 

81 26 |81 32 

27 33 


O 1 

81 10 

10 


O ' 

81 40 
40 


o / 

81 25 

27 


Circle N. 

Needlci N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


f-1 13 


81 22. 5 


81 50.5 


81 35 


81 41. 5 


81 19 


81 22 


81 22. 5 81 17 


81 18 


81 24 


81 26. 5 81 32. 5 


81 10 


81 40 


81 26 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 42'. 7 


81° 30'. 2 


81° 22'. 3 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 25'. 3 


81° 21'. 2 


81° 33'. 


81° 30'. 1 


81° 


20'. 3 


81° 


21'. 4 


81° 27'. 1 


Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 


Mean 81° 28'. 2 


Mean 81° 24'. 2 


Eesulting dip, 81° 26'.2 



[ Date, March 17, 1882. Station, TJglaaniie, Alaska. Observer, J. Caesidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 20" a. m. 

time of ending, l h 52, m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, Circle west, 
face east. face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. ' 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


o / 

81 62 

58 


O 1 

81 32 

30 


O ' 

81 39 
3C 


o / 

81 14 

14 


o / 

81 23 

27 


o / ° ' 

81 29 81 15 
29 17 


o / 

81 18 

18 


o / 

81 27 

25 


o / 

81 27 

28 


o / 

81 09 

08 


O 1 

81 12 

10 


o / 

81 50 

46 


o / 

81 21 

24 


o / 

81 39 

36 


o / 

81 10 

11 


Circle ST. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 36° lO'.O 


81 60 


81 31 


81 37. 5 


81 14 


81 25 


81 29 


81 16 


81 18 


81 26 1st 27. 5 


81 08. 5 


81 11 


81 48 


81 22. 5 


81 37. 5 


81 10. 5 


81° 45'. 5 


81° 25'. 8 


81° 27'. 


sir 17'. o 


81° 26'. 7 


81° 09'. 8 


81° 35'. 2 


81° 24'. 


81° 


35'. 6 


81° 22'. 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 29'. 6 


Mean 81° 28'. 8 




81° 23'. 9 




Eesulting d 


ip.fcl 26'.3 





[Date, March 18, 18S2. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Djp circle Nr. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h 20°' a. m. 

time of ending, l 1 ' 55"> a. m.J 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face cast. 


Circle east, 
fjee west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west/ 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 1 N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
81 44 

I 43 _ 


o , 

81 20 

23 


o - 

81 40 
37 

81 38.5 


o i 

81 20 

20 


O ' 

81 25 
22 


o / 

81 23 

24 


Ol | O 1 

81 21 81 25 

21 26 


o / 1 ° ' 

81 36 81 32 
35 32 


o / 

81 26 

20 


o / 1 o / 

81 25 81 48 

24 51 


o / 

81 34 

34 


o / 

81 30 

34 


o / 

81 15 

16 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 


81.43.5 


81 21.5 
32'. 5 


81.20 


81 23. 5 


81 23. 5 


81 21 


81 25. 581 35. 5i81 32 

1 I 


81 26 


81 24. 5 


81 49. 5 81 34 


81 32 


81 15. 5 


81° 


81° 29'. 3 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 23'. 3 


81° 33'. 7 


81° 25'. 2 


81° 41'. 7 


81° 23'. 8 


81° 30'. 9 


81° 23'. 4 


81° 


29'. 5 


81° 


32'. 7 


Mean 


81° 27'. 1 


Mean 81° 31'. 1 


Eesulting dip, 81° 29'. 1 

, . ... 



646 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, March 19, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, 1* 15"" 

a. m. ; time of ending, l h 50 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 33 

34 


o / 

81 10 

09 


O ' 

81 54 
51 


o / 

81 30 

29 


O 1 

81 17 
13 


O ' 

81 18 
14 


o / 

81 35 
36 


o / 

81 34 

36 


' 

81 22 
24 


O ' 

81 20 
20 


' 

81 22 
23 


' 

81 20 
23 


o / 
81 40 
40 . 


o / 

81 21 

19 


O 1 / 

81 42 81 23 
45 22 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 33.5 81 09.5 

1 


81 52. 5 [ S1 29. 5 
1 


81 15 |81 16 


81 35. 5 


81 35 


81 23 


81 20 


81 22. 5 


81 21.5 


81 40 


81 20 


81 43. 5 81 22. 5 


81° 21'. 5 


81° 


11'. 


81° is-. 5 


81° 3V. 3 


81° 21'. 5 


81° 22'. 


81° 30'. 


81° 33'. 


81°. 


11'. 2 




81° 25'. 4 


81o 21'. 7 


81° 


31'. 5 


Mag. mer. 32o lO'.O 


Mean 


81° 28'. 3 




Mean 81o 26'. 6 


Resulting dip, 81° 27'. 5 



[Date, April 17, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, 2 h 12 m 

a. m. ; time of ending, 2*> 40 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circlo east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circlo west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 1 S. 


N. 


o 1 

81 15 
15 


/ 

80 58 

59 


, \o , 

81 22 ; 81 00 
22 ;80 58 


/ 

80 58 
58 


o / 

81 05 

06 


/ 

81 08 

09 


/ 

81 00 
02 


O ' o ' 

81 20 81 15 
22 1 16 


O f 

81 04 
05 


o / 

80 58 

81 00 


/ 

81 37 
36 


O / / 

81 37 81 24 
38 ] 24 


o , 

81 15 

16 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S 


81 15 80 58. 5,81 22 80 59 

1 1 I 


80 58 


81 05. 5J81 08. 5 81 01 


81 21 |81 15. 5 


81 04. 5'SO 59 


81 36. 5J81 37. 5|81 24 


81 15.5 
19'. 8 


81° 06'. 8 81° 10'. 5 


81° 01'. 8 81° 04'. 7 


81° 18'. 3 . 


81° 01'. 7 


81° 37'. 


81° 


81 3 08'. 6 


81° 03'. 3 


81° 10'. 


81° 


!8'.4 


Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 
1 


Mean 


81o 05'. 9 


Mean 


. 81° 19'. 2 




Resulting C 


lip, 81° 12'. 6 





[Date, April 18, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h 15" 

a. m. ; time of ending, l b 45 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked eud A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vortical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle oast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. y 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 24 

25 


/ 

81 04 

04 


O ' 

81 43 
42 


o 1 

81 26 

24 


O ' 

81 43 

44 


' 

81 27 

27 


o / 

81 27 

27 


3 ' 

81 24 

25 


O ' 

81 35 
37 


o / 

81 42 

43 


o / 

81 21 

21 


O 1 

81 28 
27 


o / 

81 45 

45 


o / 

81 20 
21 


O ' 

81 20 
28 


o / 

81 09 

10 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
' Needle S. 


81 24. 5 81 04 


Si 42. 5 


81 25 


81 43. 5 81 27 

! 


81 27 


81 24. 5 


81 36 


81 42. 5'si 21 J81 27. 5 
1 1 


81 45 


81 20. 5J81 27 


81 09. 5 


81° 14'. 3 | 81° 33'. 7 


81° 35'. 2 


810 25'. 8 


81° 30-. 2 81° 24'. 3 


81° 32'. 7 810 X8'. 3 


81 o 24'. 


81° 30'. 5 81° 31'. 7 

1 


81° 25. 5 


Mag. mer. 32* ICO 


Mean 


.81° 27'. 2 Mean 


810 28'. 6 


Resulting dip, 81° 27'. 9 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



647 



[Bate, April 19, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Caesidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 15" a. m. 

time of ending, l h 35 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in mag netic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

faco east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


' N. 


/ 

82 10 

12 


o t 

81 49 
48 


o / 

81 55 

56 


o ' 

81 33 

33 


/ 

81 20 
22 


o / 

81 18 

18 


o / 

81 32 

31 


o / 

81 30 

30 


o / 

81 34 

36 


o / 

81 27 

27 


o t 

81 25 

25 


81 17 
16 


o / 

81 50 

47 


o / 

81 16 

17 


o / 

81 32 

31 


o / 

81 08 

08 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


82 11 81 48. 5 


81 55. 5 


81 33 


81 21 


81 18 


81 31. 5 


81 30 


81 35 


81 27 


81 25 


81 16. 5 


81 48. 5 


81 16. 5 


81 31. 5 


81 08 


81° 59'. 7 


81° 44'. 2 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 30'. 7 


81° 31'. 


81° 20'. 8 


81° 32'. 5 


81° 19'. 7 


81° 52'. 


81° 25'. 1 


81° 25'. 9 


81° 26'. 1 


Mag. mer. 32° 10'. 


Mean , ..81° 38'. 6 


Mean 81° 26'. 


Kesnlting dip, 81° 32'. 3 



[Date, May 17, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, 2 h 15™ a.m. 

time of ending, 2 h SO" a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

81 32 
32 


O ' 

81 08 
08 


o / 

81 37 

40 




81 19 

17 


o / 

81 14 
15 


o / 

81 13 

14 


o / 

81 21 

21 


O ' 

81 18 
19 


o / 
81 24 
21" 


o / 

81 19 

19 


O ' 

81 00 
00 


o / 

81 00 

03 


o / 

81 43 

43 


o / 

81 12 

13 


o / 

81 28 

27 


o / 

81 02 

02 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 37° 46' 
NeedleS. 38 48 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 34 30 
NeedleS. 3G 22 

Mag. mer. 3G 51. 5 

I 

I 
1 


81 32 


81 08 


81 38. 5 


81 18 ,81 14.5 


81 13. 5,81 21 .81 18. 5 

! ! 


81 22. 5 81 19. 


81 00 


81 01. 5 


81 43 


81 12. 5|81 27. 5 81 02 
1 


81° 20'. 


81° 28'. 2 


81° 14'. 


81° 19'. 8 


81° 20'. 7 


81° 00'. 8 


81° 27'. 7 


81° 14'. 8 


81° 


24'. 1 


81° 16'. 9 


81° 10'. 8 


81° 21'. 2 


Mean 81° 20'. 5 


Mean .. 81° 16'. 


Resulting dip, 81° 18'. 3 



[Date, May 18, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alasl;n. Observer, .J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h 20 m a. m. 

time of ending, l h 39 m a. m.) 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle cast, ! Circle west, 
face west. face east. 


Circle west, 
faco west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 1 N.~ 


S. 


N. I S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' ° ' 

81 30 81 10 
34 ! 10 


o - 
81 48 
47 ■ 


O ' / 

81 26 81 11 
29 | 22 


O 1 

81 03 
03 


/ 

81 27 
29 


o / 

81 25 

26 


/ 

81 20 
20 


o t 

81 16 

17 


o / 

81 19 

19 


O ' 

81 18 
19 


o / 

81 38 

38 


O 1 

81 19 
18 


o / 

81 30 

30 


o i 

81 04 

05 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 30° 51'. 


Bl 32 8110 8147.5 8127.5 8116.5 8103 1 81 28 '8125.5 

1 ! ' 


81 20 


81 10.5,81 19 


81 18.5 


81 38 


81 18. 5 


81 30 


81 04. 5 


81° 21'. 81° 37'. 5 


81° 09'. 8 i 81° 26'. 7 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 18'. 8 


81° 28'. 2 


81° 17'. 2 


81° 29'. 2 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 18'. 5 


81° 22'. 7 


Mean 81° 23'. 7 


Mean 8i° 20'. 6 


Kesnlting dip, 81° 22'. 



648 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARIiOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, May 19, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning. l b 20™ a. m. 

time of ending, l h 52 m a. m.l 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


« 
Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
lace east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle oast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 37 

39 


o / 

81 14 

15 


o / 

81 52 

53 


O ' 

81 30 
30 


/ 

81 15 
15 


o / 

81 11 

12 


o / 

81 36 

36 


O ' 

81 32 
32 


o / 

81 24 

24 


o / 
81 19 

20 


1 
o / o / 

81 23 81 20 
22 20 


O / / 

81 38 81 13 
39 1 13 


o / 

81 37 

37 


o / 

81 15 

15 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 38 


81 14. 5 


81 52. 5 


81 30 


81 15 


81 11.5 


81 36 


81 32 


81 24 


81 19. 5 


81 22. 5J81 20 


81 38. 5 81 13 

1 


81 37 |81 15 


81° 26'. 2 


81° 41'. 2 


81° 13'. 2 


81° 34'. 


81° 21'. 7 


81° 21'. 3 


81° 25'. 7 


81° 26'. 










Mag. mer. 36° 51' 


81° 33'. 7 


81° 23'. 6 


81° 21'. 5 


81° 25'. 9 


Mean 


81° 28'. 7 


Mean 


81° 23'. 7 




Resnlting dip, 81° 26'. 2 





[Date, June 16, 1882, Gottingen time. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Observer, A. C. Dark. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of 

beginning, ll h 15 m p. m. ; time of ending, ll h 45" 1 p. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 27 

30 


o / 

81 07 

12 


O / / 

81 35 81 34 
38 | 36 


o / 

81 25 

27 


o / 

81 20 

23 


o / 

81 31 

33 


o / 

81 22 

23 


1 
o / \o 1 

81 27 81 30 
25 33 


/ 

81 20 

17 


o / 

81 19 

16 


o / 

81 42 

39 


o / 

81 22 

19 


O ' 

81 34 
32 


o / 

81 04 

02 


Circle N. 

Needlo N. 36° 48' 
Needle S. 37 13 

Circle 8. 

Needle N. 36 40 
NeeiiloS. 36 19 

Mag. mer. 36 45 


81 28. 5 


81 09. 5 


81 36. 5 81 35 

I 


81 26 81 21. 5 


81 32 


81 22. 5 81 26 

1 


81 31. 5 


81 18. 5 81 17. 5 

1 


81 40. 5 


81 20. 5 81 33 

I 


81 03 


81° ^.o 


81° 35'.8 


81° 23'.7 


81° 27'. 3 


81° 28'.7 


81° 18'.0 


81° 30'.5 81° 18'.0 


81° 27'.4 


81° 25'.5 


81° 23'.4 


81° 24'.2 




..81°26'.4 Mean.... 


. 81°23'.8 


Eesnlting dip, 81° 25'. 1 



fDate, June. Station, Uglaainie, Alaska. Observer, A. C. Dark. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needlo No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

59 01 

00 


o / 

58 31 

29 


o / 

42 30 

30 


o / 

41 23 
24 


o / 

65 40 
38 


o / 

65 26 

24 


o / 

68 09 

06 


o / 

67 39 

36 


o / 
65 45 

47 


o / 

65 02 
04 


/ 

67 04 
06 


/ 

66 17 

20 


59 00. 5 


58 30 


42 30 


41 23. 5 


65 39 


65 25 


68 07. 5 


67 37. 5 


65 46 


05 03 


67 05 


66 18. 5 


58° 45'.3 


41° 56'.7 


65° 32' 


67° 52'.5 


65° 24'. 5 


66° 41'.7 




66° 42'. 3 


66° 03'.1 


«' = 39°39'.0 


j)' = 66° 22'.7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAREOW, ALASKA. 



G49 



[Date, June 18, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip cirole No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, 2 h 20 m a. m. 

time of ending, 2' 40 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
faco east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west. 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, " 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. , N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 35 

36 


O I 

81 10 
10 


o / 

81 37 

38 


o / 

81 08 

09 


o / 

81 20 

20 


o / 

81 21 

22 


o / 

81 12 

13 


o / 

81 09 

09 


/ 

81 39 
39 


o / 

81 34 

33 


o ' 

81 05 

06 


o / 

81 00 

00 


o / o / 

81 47 81 28 

47 29 


o / 

81 35 

35 


o / 
81 20 

20 


Cirole N~. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag.mer. 36 45 


81 35. 5 


81 10 


81 37. 5 


81 08. 5 


81.20 


81 21. 5 


81 12. 5 


81 09 


81 39 


81. 33. 5 


81 05. 5 


81 00 


81 47 81 28. 5 81 35 


81 20 


81° 22'.7 


81° 23'.0 


81° 20'.7 


81° 10'.8 


81° 36'.2 


81° 02'.8 


81° 37'.7 


81° 27'.5 I 


81° 22'.9 


81° 15'.7 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 32'.6 


Mean 81° 19'.3 




81° 26'.1 


Resulting < 


lip, 81° 22'.7 





[Date, June 18, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip. circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 4, weighted. Time of beginning, 3 h 10 m a. ra.J 



Needle No. 4, weighted. 



Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

67 04 
04 


o / 

66 24 

18 


o / 

66 05 

05 


O ' 

65 20 

21 


o / 

69 48 

48 


o / 

69 20 

26 


/ 

66 40 
41 


O 1 

66 17 
18 


67 04 1 66 21 

1 


66 05 


65 20. 5 


69 48 


69 26 


66 40. 5 


66 17. 5 


66° 42'.5 


65° 42'.7 


69° 37'.0 


66° 29'.0 


66° 12'.6 


68° 03' 



Mean 67° 07'.8 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflectin" 



Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 



58 48 
52 



58 50 



N. 



59 18 



59 20 



59° 05'.0 



Circle east, 
Mic. It, 
face east. 



42 04 



42 06 41 21 



N. 



41 22 
20 



41° 43'.5 



M' = 39° 35'.7 



[Date, June 19, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 2,0 m 

a. m. ; time of ending, l h 45 m a. m.] 





Polarity of marked end B north. 


1 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, ' 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 

i 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 35 

35 


o / 

81 11 

12 


o / ° ' 

81 42 i 81 19 

42 i 18 


o / 

81 12 

14 


o / 

81 14 

14 


O 1 

81 21 
22 


o / 

81 18 

18 


o / 

81 19 

18 


o / 

81 14 

15 


o / 

81 25 

25 


o / 

81 23 

24 


o / 

81 44 

44 


o / 

81 19 

19 


o / 

81 45 

46 


O 1 

81 22 
22 


81 35 


81 11.5 


81 42 81 18. 5 


81 13 


81 14 


81 21. 5 81 18 j 81 18. 5 


81 14. 5 


81 25 


81 23. 5 


81 44 


81 19 


81 45. 5 


81 22 


81° 23'. 2 


81° 30'. 3 


81° 13'. 5 


81° 19'. 7 81° 16'. 5 


81° 24'. 3 


81° 31'. 5 


81° 33'. 7 


81° 


26'. 8 


81° 


16'. 6 


81° 


20'. 4 


81° 32'. 6 






.81° 21'.7 




Mean 81° 26'.5 








Resulting dip, 81° 24'. 1 





H. Ex. 44 82 



G50 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, June 19, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 4, weighted. Time of beginning, 3 h 10 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle 
face 


west, 
east. 

N. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic.R, 

face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


S. 


N. 


S. ! N. 


S. N. 


o / 

66 53 

53 


o / 

66 08 
09 


O ' 

65 54 
56 


O ' 

65 09 
08 


o / 

68 32 

33 


O ' 

68 11 
11 


O ' 

65 21 
23 


o / 

65 00 

00 


o / 

59 08 

09 


o / 

59 04 

05 


O / O ' 

41 45 41 14 

46 ! 16 


66 53 


66 08. 5 


65 55 


65 08. 5 


68 32. 5 


68 11 


65 22 1 65 00 

! 


59 08. 5 


59 04. 5 


41 45.5- 41 15 


66° 30'. 7 


65° 31'. 8 


68° 21'. 7 


65° 11'. 


59° 06'. 5 


41° 30'. 3 


66° 01'. 2 


66° 46'. 4 




• Mean 66° 23'.8 


u'=39° 41'. 6 



[Date, July 17, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h 10 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


| Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 

i 


Circle east, i Circle east, 
face east, j face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


s. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

81 23 
22 


O ' 

81 07 
08 


O 1 

81 36 
38 


o / 
81 15 
15 


O ' 

81 00 
02 


o /• 

81 02 

03 


o ' 

81 23 
25 


O ' 

81 24 

22 


O I 

81 17 

18 


O ' 

81 19 
19 


o / 

81 14 

15 


o / 
81 05 
04 


o / 

81 26 

27 


o / 

81 07 

07 


o / 
81 35 
36 


O ' 

81 13 
14 


Circle N. 

1 Needle N. 
i Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
| Needle S. 

j Mag. mer. 36° 45'. 


81 22. 5;81 07. 5 


81 37 '81 15 

1 


81 01 


81 02. 5 


81 24 


81 23 


81 17. 5 81 19 


81 14. 5 


81 04. 5 


81 26. 581 07 

1 


81 35.5 


81 13. 5 


81° 15'. 


81° 26'. 


81° 01'. 7 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 09'. 5 


81° 16'. 7 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 20'. 5 


81° 12'. 6 


81° 13'. 9 


81° 20'. 6 


Mean 


81° 16'. 6 


Mean 81° 17'. 2 




Resulting c 


lip, 81° 16'. 9 



[Date, July 17, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Time 

of ending, l h 50 m a. ni.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

MicD, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. It, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 1 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. ! N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. I 


o ; 
60 37 
38 


o ' 
60 18 
20 


t 

40 02 
03 


o / 
41 16 
18 


O ' ! o / 

66 15 65 32 

16 ' 32 


O ' | o ' 

66 35 ! 05 50 

37 j 51 


O ' 

67 02 
01 


O ' 

66 18 

18 


O ' 

66 45 

45 


O ' 

66 00 

00 ! 


60 37. 5 


60 19 


40 02. 5 


41 17 


66 15. 5 65 32 

1 1 


66 36 


65 50. 5 


67 01. 5 


66 18 


66 45 


66 00 


60° 28'. 2 


40° 39'. 8 


65° 53'. 7 


66° 13'. 3 


66° 3W. 7 


66° 22'. 5 




66° 03'. 5 66° 31'. 1 

i 


W'=39° 26\ 


Mean . . 06° 17'. 3 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



G51 



Date, July 18, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 18™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face eaat. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west. 

face west. 


Circle west, 1 Circle east, 
face east, j face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 42 

42 


o / 

81 17 

16 


O ' 

81 37 
36 


o / 

81 10 

12 


o / 

81 26 

26 


o / 
81 19 

18 


o / 

81 10 

11 


o , lo , 

81 08 81 25 

09 ' 25 


o / 

81 23 

22 


o / 

81 20 

21 


O ' ° ' 

81 15 81 38 

15 | 37 


o / 

81 32 

32 


o t 

81 21 

20 


o / 

81 05 

05 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 42 81 16. 5 


81 36.5 


81 11 181 26 


81 18. 5 


81 10. 5 


81 08. 5 81 25 81 22. 5 

i | 


81 20. 5 


81 15 


81 37. 5 81 32 


81 20.5 


81 05 


81° 29'. 3 


81° 23'. 7 


81° 22'. 2 


81° 09'. 5 


81° 23'. 7 


81° 17'. 7 


81° 34'. 7 


81° 12'. 7 


81° 26'. 5 


81 15. 9 


81° 20'. 7 


81 23.7 


Mag. mer. 36° 45' 


Mean 81° 21'. 2 


Mean 81° 22'. 2 


Resulting dip, 81° 21'. 7 



[Date. July 18, 1882. Station, Ugloamie, Alaska. Observer, J". Cassidy. Dip circle No 23. 



Needle.No. 3, No. 4deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face cast. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 1 N. 


S. , N. 


o / 

60 45 

46 


o , 

61 11 

11 


o t 

41 49 

48 


O ' 

41 13 
14 


o / 

67 05 

05 


O ' 

CO 22 
21 


O 1 

66 11 
12 


o / 

65 30 
32 


o / ° ' 

66 05 '65 48 

07 48 


/ 

65 20 

22 


O ' 

65 04 
04 


60 45.5 ! 61 11 

1 


41 48. 5 


41 13.5 


67 05 


66 21. 5 


66 11.5 


65 31 


66 06 


65 48 


65 21 


65 04 


60° 58'. 2 


41° 31'. 


66° 43'. 2 


65° 51'. 2 


65° 57'. 


65° 12'. 5 




66° 17'. 2 


65° 34'. 8 


u' = ZS° 45'. 4 


Mean . 65° 56'. 



[Date, July 19, 1882. Station, XT^laamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h 20"'.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. : N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' O ' 

81 48 81 22 
47 22 


o / 

81 48 
48 


o / 
81 25 
26 


o / 

81 19 

19 


o / 
81 23 

22 


O ' 

81 23 
■23 


o / 
81 17 
18 


o / 

81 32 
32 


o / 
81 28 
28 


o ' 

81 11 
12 


O ' 

81 08 
08 


o / 
81 48 
47 


o / 

81 26 

26 


o - 

81 32 

31 


o / 

81 08 

06 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 47. 5 '81 22 ! «1 48 


81 25. 5 


81 19 


81 22. 5 


81 23 • 


81 17.5 


81 32 


81 28 


81 11.5 


81 08 


81 47. 5 


81 26 


81 31.581 07 

1 


81° 34'. 7 


81° 36'. 7 


81° 20'. 7 


81° 20'. 3 


81° 30'. 


81° 09'. 8 


81° 30'. 7 


81° 19'. 3 


81° 35'. 7 


81° 20'. 5 


81° 19'. 9 


81° 28'. 


Mag. mer. 35° 45'. 




81° 28'. 1 




81° 23'. 9 




Resulting dip, 81° 26'. 





052 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAKELW, ALASKA. 



[Date. July 19, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Time of ending, l b 50™.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

60 45 
45 


o ' 

60 22 
23 


o / 
42 48 
47 


o / 
41 42 
42 


o / 

67 00 

00 


o ' 

66 16 
15 


O 1 

65 48 
49 


O ' 

65 08 
08 


o / 
66 26 

27 


o / 

66 04 

05 


o / 

65 24 
24 


o / 
65 14 
15 


60 45 


60 22. 5 


42 47. 5 


41 42 


67 00 


66 15. 5 


65 48. 5 65 08 

1 


66 26. 5 


60 04. 5 


65 24 


65 14. 5 


60° 33'. 7 


42° 14'. 8 


66° 37'. 7 


65° 28'. 3 


650 j 5 /_5 


65° 19'. 3 




66° 03'. 


65° 47'. 4 


u = 38° 35'. 7 


Mean .' 65° 55'. 2 



[Date, August 17, 1882. Station, TJglaaroie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 15"J a. m. 

time of ending, l 1 ' 4U m a. m. 1 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
. face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west. Circle west, 
face east, j face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. JS. j N. 


S. ] N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 28 

29 


o / 

81 04 

04 


O I 

81 51 
51 


o / 
81 25 

24 


o / 

81 07 

09 


1 

O / | O / i / 

81 07 81 32 81 29 
08 j 32 | 30 


O/OI 

81 24 '81 16 
24 | 17 


o / 

81 12 

14 


O 1 

81 15 
16 


o - 

81 45 

45 


o / 

81 18 

18 


o / 

81 35 
36 


/ 

81 11 
11 


Circle iV. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

ClrcU S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 68° 51' 

| 

! 


81 28. 5 


81 04 


81 51 (81.24.5 

1 


81 08 !81 07. 5 

1 


81 32 81 29. 5 81 24 '81 16. 5 

1 1 i 


81 13 81 15.5 81 45 


81 18 


81 35. 5|81 11 

1 


81° 16'. 2 


81° 37'. 8 


81° 07'. 8 


81° 30'. 7 81° 20'. 2 


81° 14'. 2 


81° 31'.' 5 


81° 23'. 3 


81° 27'. 


81° 19'. 2 


81° 17'. 1 


81° 27'. 4 


Mean 


81° 23'. 1 


Mean 81° 22'. 3 




Resulting dip, 81° 22'. 7 



[Date, August 17, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip chcle No. 23.J 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 




Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle in magnetic ! 
prime vertical. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 1 N. 


O ' 

58 58 
58 


o / 

59 15 

17 


o / 

42 45 

46 


o / 

41 35 

35 


O ' 

65 26 
26 


o / 

65 08 

07 


o / 

65 59 

59 


o / 

65 32 

33 


o / 

65 52 

54 


o / 

63 10 

12 


O 1 

63 15 

10 


o / 

05 30 

30 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 6S° 51' 


58 58 59 16 


42 45. 5 


41.35 


65 26 


65 07. 5 


65 59 


65 32. 5 


65 53 


65 11 


05 15. 5 05. 30 


59° 07'. 


42o 10'. 2 


65° 16'. 7 


65° 45'. 7 


65° 32'. 


03° 22'. 8 




65° 31'. 2 


65° 27'. 4 


u' = 39° 21'. 4 


Mean 65° 29'. 3 



EXPEDITION TO POINT B ARROW, ALASKA. 



653 



[Date, August 18, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip eircle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of beginning, l h M m a. m.j 

time of ending, l' 1 35"' a. rn.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, I Circle east, 
face east. face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 28 
28 


O 1 

81 10 
12 


o / 

81 51 

51 


o / 

81 28 

29 


O 1 

81 10 
10 


o / 

81 05 
06 


o / 
81 29 
30 


o / 

81 25 
25 


o / 
81 08 
08 


° ' 

81 03 

C3 


O ' 

81 19 
20 


o t 
81 14 
1C 


o / 
81 45 
45 


o / 

81 24 

24 


o / 

81 49 

49 


o / 
81 23 
24 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 28 


81 11 


81 51 


81 28. 5 


81 10 J81 05. 5 81. 29. 5 81 25 81 08 

1 1 1 


81 03 81 19. 5 81 15 81 45 81 24 

1 1 1 1 


81 49 


81 23.5 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 39'. 7 


81° 07'. 7 81° 27'. 3 


81° 05'. 5 ; 81° 17'. 3 


81° 34'. 5 


81° 30'. 3 


81° 


!9'. 6 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 11'. 4 


81° 


35'. 4 


Mag. mer. 68° 51'. 


Mean 81° 23'. 6 


Mean .... 81° 23'. 4 


Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 5 



[Date, August 18, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23.] 





Needle No. 3, No. 4 defl 


ecting. 

east, 
• K, 
eas;. 


Circlt 

Mic 

face 






Needle No. 


4, weighted. 






Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circl. 

Mi( 

face 


i east, 
. R, 
east. 


Circle west, 
face wec>t. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 

o / 

41 05 
05 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

59 25 
24 


O 1 

59 08 
06 


o / ° ' 
59 03 59 34 

03 I 35 


o / 

42 35 

35 


o / 

41 30 

32 


o / 

42 20 

19 


/ 

65 21 
21 


o / 
65 00 

00 


o / 

65 53 
52 


o / 

65 30 
29 


o / 

65 19 

19 


o / 
64 39 

40 


o / 

66 40 

40 


O 1 

65 54 
55 


59 24.5 


59 07 


59 03 i 59 34. 5 42 35 1 41 31 


42 19. 5 


41 05 


65 21 


65 00 


65 52. 5 


65 29. 5 


65 19 


64 39.5 


66.40 


65 54.5 


59° 15'. 7 


59° 18'. 7 42° 03'. 


41° 42'. 2 


65° 10'. 5 


65° 41'. 


65° 29'. 2 


66° 


17'. 2 


59° 


17'. 2 41° 


52'. 6 


05° 


25'. 7 


65° 


53'. 2 




It' = 39° 25*. 1 




Mean 


65° 39'. 5 







[Date, August 19, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer. J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, l h 10"> a. m. 

time of ending,! 11 35 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end IS north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Oircjlc east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o ' 
81 49 
47 


O I 

81 25 
26 


O I 

81 40 
40 


o / 

81 16 

18 


o / 

81 13 

13 


O ' 

81 23 
24 


O ' i ' 

81 17 '81 13 
19 14 


O ' 

81 19 

19 


O ' 

81 16 
17 


o / 
81 09 
09 


o / 
81 04 
06 


o / 

81 45 

45 


O ' 

81 21 

22 


O 1 

81 34 

34 


O ' 

81 08 
10 


Circle If. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 48 


81 25. 5 


81 40 


81 17 


81 13 


81 23. 5 


81 18 81 13. 5 


81 19 81 16. 5 


81 09 81 05 

1 


81 45 181 21. 5 

1 


81 34 


81 09 


81° 36'. 7 


81° 28'. 5 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 15'. 8 


81° 17'. 7 


81° 07'. 


81° 33'. 2 


81° 21'. 5 


















Mag. mer. 68° 51'. 


81° 32'. 6 


81° 17'. 


81° 12'. 4 


81° 27'. 4 


Mean 81° 24'. 8 


Mean 


81° 19'. 9 


Resulting dip, 81° 22'. 3 



654 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



fDate, August 19, 1882. Station, Uglaaiuie, Alaska. Observer, J. Cassidy. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2,4 deflecting.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle cast, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E. 

face east. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, j Circle east, 
face west. face east. 


S. N. S N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. S. N. 


o / ! O / ' o ' o / 
59 30 I 59 50 i 59 23 59 00 
31 50 I 24 00 


1 
41 56 
56 


/ 
41 05 
05 


/ / 
42 22 i 41 15 
23 ; 15 


' / 
65 16 64 54 
10 54 


1 
65 34 
35 


/ 

65 14 

16 


/ 
65 35 

30 


1 
c / / L / 
64 56 i 66 43 66 02 
56 ! 44 04 


59 30. 5 59 50 ! 59 23. 5 59 00 


41 56 


41 05 


42 22. 5 41 15 


65 16 64 54 


65 34. 5 05 15 


65 35. 5 
65° 


04 56 


66 43. 5 66 03 


59° 40'. 2 59° 11'. 8 


410 30\ 5 


41° 48'. 7 


65° 05'. 


65° 24'. 8 


L5'.7 


66° 23'. 3 


590 26'. 41° 39'. 6 


65o 14'. 9 


650 49». 5 


m'=39° 29'. 2 


Mean 650 32'. 2 



TDate, August 31, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time of beginning, 

2 h 10" a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 40™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north: 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. ■ 


S. i N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

81 00 

02 


/ 

81 28 

30 


/ 

81 53 

51 


i 

81 27 

26 


1 

81 29 

27 


/ 

81 27 

25 


1 < 

81 26 ! 81 21 

24 1 19 


/ 

81 31 

29 


/ 

81 29 

26 


/ 

81 19 

16 


/ 

81 16 

14 


/ 

81 53 

54 


1 

81 28 

28 


/ 

81 30 

31 


1 

81 06 

08 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 71° 00' 
Needle S. 72 34 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 68 33 
Needle S. 69 03 


81 01 


81 29 


81 52 


81 26. 5 


81 28 !81 26 

! 


81 25 


81 20 


81 30 


81 27. 5'81 17. 5 81 15 

j 


81 53. 5 ! 81 28 

1 


81 30. 5 


81 07 


81° 15'. 


81° 39'. 2 


81° 27'. 


81° 22'. 5 


81° 28'. 7 


81° 16'. 3 


81° 40'. 7 


81° 


18'. 7 


81° 27'. 1 


810 


24'. 7 


81° 22'. 5 


81° 


29».7 


Mag. mer. 70 22.5 


Mean 


810 25'. 9 




Mean 


81° 26'. 1 




Resulting dip, 81° 26'. 



[Date, August 31, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 
Time of beginning, 3 h 10 m a. m. ; time of ending, 3 h 35" a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic.K, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

59 09 

07 


/ 

58 42 

39 


/ 

42 43 

40 


/ 

41 30 

32 


59 08 


58 40. 5 


42 41. 5 


41 31 


58° 54'. 2 


42° 06.5' 


u'=39° 


29'. 7 



Needle No. 4, weighted. 



Circle west, 
face west. 



65 10 
05 



65 07. 5 



64 55 
49 



64 52 



64° 59'. 7 



Circle west, 
face east. 



65 32 
32 



65 32 



N. 



65 12 
10 



Circle east, 
face west. 



65 36 
37 



65 11 I 65 36. 5 



65° 21'. 5 



650 10'. 6 



64 52 
53 



64 52.5 



65o 14'. 5 



Circle east, 
face east. 



66 20 
22 



66 21 



N. 



Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 



Circle A T . 



65 27 
30 



Needle N. 
Needle S. 



65 28. 5 



650 54*. 7 



650 34-. 6 



Circle S. 



Needle X. 
Needle S. 



. mer. 70° 22'. 5 



Mean 65° 22'.6 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



G55 



[Date, September 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. L 

Time of beginning, l h 17 m a. m. ; time of ending, l h 59 m .] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. j N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / O ' 

81 20 81 46 
23 50 


Of O ' 

81 34 81 11 
38 ; 15 


o / 
81 09 

07 


o / 

81 15 

13 


o / j ° ' 

81 28 81 34 
25 | 30 


o - 

81 10 

07 


O ' 

81 03 
01 


o / 

81 26 

22 


o / 

81 27 

24 


O I 

81 41 
40 


o / 

81 20 

18 


o , 
81 37 

a 


81 15 
19 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


81 21. 5 81 48 


81 36 81 13 

i 


81 08 


81 14 


81 26. 5 81 32 

i 


81 08. 5 81 02 

1 


81 24 


81 25. 5 


81 40. 5 81 19 


81 39 81 17 


81° 34'. 8 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 11' 


81° 29'. 2 


81o 05'. 


81° 24'. 8 


81° 29'. 8 


81° 28' 


81° : 


9'. 6 


81° ! 


!0'.l 


81° 


15' 


81° 28'. 9 


1 


Mag. raer. 70° 22'. 5 




Mean 


81° 24'. 9 






Mean 81° 21'. 9 










Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 4 







[Date, September 14, 1882. Gottingen time. Station, "Dglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J". E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 

Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting.] 



1 Needle ]So. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 3, weiebted. 


1 

\ Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


i Circle east, 
face east. 


S. N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


O ' j / 

59 15 59 2G 

17 28 


1 

42 19 

21 


/ 

42 26 

28 


/ 

65 30 

28 


1 

65 20 

18 


/ | / 

67 00 j 66 30 

02 I 32 


/ 

65 36 

38 


/ 

64 58 

65 00 


1. , 

67 04 

06 


65 37 

39 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

CircleS. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


59 16 ; 59 27 

1 


42 20 1 42 27 

i 


65 29 65 19 


67 01 


66 31 


65 37 ' 64 59 

i 


67 05 


65 38 


59° 21'. 5 

1 


42o 23'. 5 


65° 24' 


66° 46' 


65° 18' 


66° 21'. 5 






66° 


05' 


65° 


49'. 8 


Mag. mer. 70° 22'. 5 
1 


tt'=39° 


07'. 5 




Mean 


65° 57'. 4 





(Date, September 30, 1882. Station, Dglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time 

of beginning, l b 20 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h OS™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


1 


Circle east, Circle east, 
face east. face west. 


, Circle west, 
i face east. 

1 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


S. 


N. S. 1 N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. J N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

81 33 

35 


/ V 

81 07 81 24 

11 ; 26 


< 

81 02 

04 


, 
81 12 
1 10 


1 

81 22 

18 


/ 

81 05 

03 


/ 

81 28 

26 


; ' 

81 08 81 32 

05 28 


1 

81 06 

02 


/ 

81 17 

15 


/ 

81 52 

54 


/ 

81 13 

16 


/ 

81 28 

28 


/ 

80 50 

50 


Circle .V. 

Needle N. 73° 20' 
Needle S. 72 51' 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 69 28 
Needle S. 69 39 

Mag. mer. 71 19. 5 


81 34 !81 09 


81 25 


81 03 


81 11 


81 20 181 04 


81 27 


81 06. 5 81 30 


81 04 


81 16 


81 53 


81 14. 5 81 28 


80 50 


81o 21'.5 


81° 14' 


81° 15'.5 81° 15'.5 


81° 18'.2 


81° 10' 


81o 33'.8 81o 09' 


81o 17'. 8 


81° 15'. 5 


81° 


14'. 1 


81° 21'. 4 


Mean . . . 


81° 1 


6'. 6 






Mean 


81° 17'.8 






Resulting d 


p, 81° 17'.2 







656 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, September 30, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle, No. 23. 
Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 10™ a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 55 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


o / 

61 01 

03 


o / 

60 05 

07 


o I 

42 26 
24 


/ 

42 10 
08 


o / 

65 12 

10 


, 
65 01 
64 59 


O 1 

66 03 
01 


o / 

65 43 

41 


O 1 

66 11 
13 


o / 

65 26 

28 


o t 

66 40 

42 


O ' 

65 54 
52 


61 02 


60 06 


42 25 


42 09 


65 11 


65 00 


66 02 


65 42 


66 12 


65 27 


66 41 


65 53 


60° 34' 


42° 17' 


65° 05'. 5 


65° 52' 


65° 49'.5 


66° 17' 


Mag. mer. 71° 19'.5 




65° 28'.8 


66° 03'.2 


u' = 38° 34'.5 


Mean 65° 46' 



[Date, October 14, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip. circle No. 23. 

beginning, l h 25™ a. m. : time of ending, 2 a. m.l 



Needle No. 1. Time of 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetio 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Ciicle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. j N. ! 


O 1 

81 14 
18 


o / 

80 55 

59 


o / 

81 40 

45 


O ' 

81 23 

27 


/ 

81 05 
01 


O ' 

81 04 
01 


o / 

81 25 

21 


o , 

81 26 

22 


o / 

81 27 

24 


O I 

81 28 
25 


o / 

81 25 

21 


o / 

81 26 

22 


o / 

81 41 
45 


O 1 

81 12 
16 


1 

o / o / 1 

81 36 |81 07 1 

40 11 ' 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 72° 15' 
NeedleS. 74 27 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 68 58 
Needle S. 69 52 


81 16 


80 57 


81 42. 5 81 25 

1 


81 03 


81 02. 5 


81 23 


81 24 


81 25. 5 81 26. 5J81 23 

i 


81 24 


81 43 81 14 

1 


81 38 81 09 


81° 06'. 5 


81° 33'. 8 


81° 02'. 8 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 26' 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 28'. 5 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 


20'. 2 


81° 13'. 2 


81° 24'. 8 


81° 


26' 


Mag. mer. 71° 23' 




Mean 


81° 16. '7 


Mean 81° 25'. 4 






Resulting 6 


ip, 81° 21' 





[Date, October 14, 1882. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J". E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 10™ a. m. : time of ending, 2 h 50 m a. m.l 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. emr. 71° 23' 


o ' 

60 40 

44 


o / 

61 23 

27 


o / 

43 33 

37 


/ 

42 14 
18 


O / ' / 

65 53 1 65 42 

50 38 


O 1 

67 21 
17 


o / 
67 00 
66 56 


o / 

66 28 
32 


o > 

65 45 

48 


o / 
67 13 

17 


O ' 

65 56 
59 


60 42 


61 25 


43 35 


42 16 


65 51. 5 65 40 

1 


67 19 


66 58 


66 30 


65 46. 5 


67 15 


65 57. 5 


61° 03'. 5 


42° 55. 5 


65° 45'. 8 


67° 08'. 5 66° 08'. 2 


66° 36'. 2 




C0° 27'. 2 66° 22'. 2 


M' = 38° 0'. 5 


Mean... . 66° 24'. 7 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



657 



[Date, October 31, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, .T. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time 

of beginning, 2 b 30" m a.m. ; time of ending, 3 lj 10"' a.m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked crd B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
faco east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
faco east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o 

81 41 
45 


o / 

81 06 

10 


o / 

81 50 

54 


o / 

SI 11 

14 


/ 

81 17 
14 


o ' 

81 22 
18 


o / 

81 21 

17 


o / 

81 28 

24 


O 1 

81 26 
23 


o / 

81 35 

31 


o / 

81 10 

00 


o / 

81 17 

13 


o / 

81 50 

59 


o / 

81 18 

21 


o / 

81 30 

34 


81 01 
05 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 72° 07' 
Needle S. 71 21 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 69 47 
Needle S. 70 07 


81 43 


81 08 


81 52 181 12. 5 


81 15. sb( 20 

1 


81 19 


81 2C 


81 24. 5 


81 33 


81 08 !81 15 

1 


81 57. 5'81 19. 5'81 32 


81 03 


81° 25'. 5 


81° 32'. 3 


'81° 17'. 8 


81° 22'. 5 


81° 28'. 8 


81° 11'. 5 


81° 38'. 5 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 


28'. 9 


81" 


20'. 1 


81° 20'. 2 


81° 


.28' 


Mag. mer. 70° 50'. 5 




Mean 


81° 24'. 5 






. 81° 24'. 1 




i 






Resulting dip, 81° 24'. 3 







[Date, October 31, 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Time of 

beginning, 3 h 20™ a. in'. ; time of ending, 4 h a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
faco east. 


Uircln east, 

Mic. E, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
faco west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east; 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 

O ' 

66 34 

30 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

60 54 

58 


o / 

61 15 
19 


' 

42 14 

18 


' 

41 34 

36 


i 

. ° ' 

65 05 

01 


o / 

65 54 

50 


o '• 

66 49 

45 


O ' 

65 53 
57 


o ' 

65 02 

06 


o / 

67 06 

09 


O ' 

65 05 
09 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


60 56 


01 17 


42 16 


41 35 


66 03 


65 52 


66 47 


66 32 


65 55 


65 04 


67 07. 5i 65 07 


61° 06'. 5 


41° 55'. 5 


65° 57'. 5 


66° 39'. 5 


65° 29'. 5 


60° 07'. 2 




66° 18'. 5 


65° 48'. 4 


Mag. mer. 70° 50'. 5 


tt'o = 38° 29' 


Mean 66° 03'. 4 



| Date, November 16, 1882. Station, XJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Timo 

of beginning, l' 1 50™ a. m. ; time of ending, 2 b 52™ a. m.) 



Polarity of marked eud B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, Circle west, 
face west. face east. 


C irele east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 1 N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 1 S. 1 N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 36 

38 

27 

30 


O ' 

81 26 
29 

80 59 

81 01 


O 1 

81 52 
55 
48 
52 


o / 

81 13 

17 

11 

13 


o / ° ' 

81 06 81 10 

02 05 

80 59 13 

55 j 11 


o / 

81 24 

21 

17 

13 


O ' 

81 28 
24 
35 
31 


o 

81 06 
02 
05 
02 


81 22 
18 
27 
23 


81 12 
08 
14 
10 


o / 

81 21 

17 

23 

19 


o / 

81 40 

44 

46 

50 


O ' 

81 13 
17 
10 
14 


o / 

81 40 

44 

40 

44 


o / 

80 59 

81 02 
81 05 

09 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 48° 14' 
Needle S. 51 13 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 45 33 
Needle S. 51 17 


81 32. 8 


81 13. 8 


81 51. 8 81 13. 5 


81 00.5 81 09.8 81 18.8 81 29.5 

1 


81 03. 8 81 22. 5 81 11 

1 


81 20 


81 45 81 13. 5 


81 42 J81 03. 8 


8K 


23'.3 


81° 32'. 6 


81° 05'.2 81° 24'.2 


81° 13'.2 | 81° 15'.5 


81° 29'.2 81° 22'.9 


Mag. mer. 49° 04' 


81° 28' 


81° 14'.7 


81° 14'.4 


81° 26' 


Mean 81° 21 '.3 


Mean 


81° 20'.2 


Resulting ( 


lip, 81° 20'. 8 





H. Ex. 44- 



-83 



653 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, November 16, 1S82. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 
Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. Time of beginning. 2 h So" a. m. ; time of ending, 4 m a. ni.l 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Hie. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Hie. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. ' 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O I 

59 52 
49 


/ 

59 30 

26 


o / 

42 15 

11 


o / 

41 58 

42 02 


O ' 

66 27 
23 


' 

66 11 
07 


o / 
66 01 
65 57 


o / 

66 10 

06 


o / 

66 02 

06 


o / 

65 24 

27 


o / 

67 58 

68 02 


o / 

66 34 

38 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
: Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 49° 04' 


59 50. 5 


59 28 


42 13 


42 00 


66 25 


66 09 


65 59 


66 08 


66 04 


65 25. 5 


68 00 


66 36 


59° 39'.2 


42° 06'.5 


66° 17' 


660 Q3'.5 


65° 44'.8 


67° 18' 




66° 10'.2 


66° 31'.4 


M' = 39°07'.2 


Mean 66° 20'.8 



(Date, November 30, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time 

of beginning, l h 10 m a. m. ; time of ending, l k 56 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east. 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 1 N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 1 O ' 

81 19 81 52 
23 1 56 

! 


o * 

81 04 

07 


o / 

81 42 

46 


o / 

81 33 

29 


o / 

81 10 
06 


o / 

81 21 

17 


o / 

81 08 

04 


o / ° ' 

81 40 81 30 
36 26 


/ 

81 16 
• 12 


o / 

81 06 

02 


o / 

81 17 
21 


o / 

82 01 

04 


' 

80 59 

81 03 


o / 

81 38 

42 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 50° 01' 
Needle S. 53 28 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 51 07 
Needle S. 50 12 


81 21 J81 54 


81 05. 5 


81 44 


81 31 


81 08 


81 19 


81 06 


81 38 


81 28 


81 14 


81 04 


81 19 


82 02. 5 


81 01 81 40 


81o 37'. 5 


810 24'. 8 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 12'. 5 


81° 33' 


81° 09' 


81° 40'. 8 


810 20'. 5 


81° 


Jl'.2 


81° 16' 


81° 21' 


81° SO*. 6 


Mag. mer. 51° 12' 




Mean 


81° 23'. 6 




Mean 


81° 25'. 8 






Resulting dip . 


81° 24'. 7 







[Date, November 30, 1882. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Needle No. 3, 4 de- 
flecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 05 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 40 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. K, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


B". 


O I 

59 31 
34 


1 

58 23 

27 


1 

42 30 

27 


/ 

41 48 

46 


/ 

65 14 

11 


1 

65 29 

25 


/ 
65 02 
64 58 


/ 

65 27 

24 


< 

65 22 

26 


/ 

66 05 

09 


/ 

65 59 

66 03 


1 

66 55 

58 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


59 32. 5 


58 25 


42 28. 5 


41 47 


65 12. 5 


65 27 


65 00 


65 25.5 


65 24 


66 07 


66 01 


66 56.5 


58° 58'. 8 


42o 07'. 8 


65° 19'. 8 


65° 12'. 8 


65° 45'. 5 


66° 28'. 8 


65o 16'. 3 


66° 07'. 2 


Mag. mer. 51° 12' 


«'— 39o 26'. 7 Mean 650 41'. 8 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



659 



[Date December 14. 1882. Station. TJglaainie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1 . Time 

of beginning, l' 1 02"' a. m.; time of ending. l h 58™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end S north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circles in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east. 
face west. 


Circle west, Circle west, 
lace east. face west. 


Circle west, ' Circle west, 
face west.. - face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. N. S. I N. 


S. N. S. ' N. 


S. j N. 


S. 


N. 


o I 

81 42 
46 


o / 

81 07 

11 


o - 

81 54 

58 


o - 

81 23 

27 


o / o ' ! ° ' ° ' 

81 12 81 11 |81 16 81 20 
08 06 12 16 


o / ° ' ° ' ° ' 

81 19 81 21 81 20 '81 14 

15 16 | 16 10 


1 

o / o / 

81 37 81 07 

41 11 


o / 
81 43 

47 


o / • 
81 13 

17 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 15° 02' 
Xeedle S. 20 15 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 14 15 
Needle S. 17 33 

Mag. mer. 16 46 


81 44 81 09 


81 50 


81 25 


81 10 81 08. 581 14 81 18 81 17 


81 18. 5.81 18 181 12 

1 1 


81 39 J81 09 


81 45 


81 15 


81° 26'. 5 


81° 40'. 5 


81° 09'. 2 


Sl° 16' 81° 17'. 8 81° 15' 


81° 24' 


81° 30' 


81° 


33'. 5 


81° 12'. 6 81° 16'. 4 

i 


81° 27' 




Mean . . . 


... 81° 23' Mean 


81° 21'. 7 


Resulting dip, 81° 22'. 4 



[Date, December 14. 1882. Station, TTglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. 
Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 3, 4, defecting. Time of beginning, 2 h a. m.; time of ending, 3 h a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 



Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 



S. ' N. 


S. 


N. 


i 

O ' O / 

58 52 58 51 

48 47 


o / 
42 24 
28 


o / 

41 12 
16 


58 50 ! 58 49 


42 26 


41 14 


58° 49'. 5 


41° 


',0' 





u'=39° 40'. 2 



Needle No. 4, weighted. 



Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west. 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. '[ N. 


S. 


N. 


O / O r 

65 54 65 52 
50 48 


o / 
66 28 
24 


o / 
66 13 
09 


o / ! o / 

66 46 65 23 

50 I 27 


o / 

66 57 

67 00 


o / 
66 03 
07 


65 52 ' 65 50 


! 66 26 


66 11 


66 48 65 25 


66 58. 5 


66 05 


65° 51' 


66° 18'. 5 


66° 06'. 5 


66° 31'. 8 


66° 


04'. 8 


66° 


19'. 2 



Mean 66° 12' 



[Date, January 1, 1883. Station. Vglaaniie, Alaska. Gottineen time.. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1 Time of 

beginning, l h 20 m a. m. : time of ending, l h 55™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 




Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 1 Circle west, ' Circle west, 
face west. face east. [ face west. 


1 Circle west, 
j face west. 


i Circle west, 
i face east. 


Circle east, Circle east, 
face west. • face east. 


S. | N. 


S. N. 1 S. | N. 1 S. N. 


iS. ' N. 


S. j N. 


s . ; x. | s. 


N. 


o / 1 o / 

81 37 81 09 

41 j 13 


o /jo/ I ° ' ° ' o / 0/ 

81 41 .81 02 81 12 81 17 81 08 81 20 

45 06 08 12 1 04 16 


o / o / 

81 26 J81 31 

21 27 


i° ' ° ' 

181 08 81 12 

04 08 


o / o ' ° ' 

81 47 81 18 81 26 

52 23 30 


o , | 
81 05 
09 | 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 82° 24' 
Needle S. 83 04 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 80 02 
Needle S. 77 40 


81 39 81 11 


81 43 81 04 


81 10 81 14. 5 81 06 !81 18 

1 


81 23. 5 81. 29 


81 06 81 10 


81 49. 5iSl 20. 5 


81 28 (81 07 


81° 25' 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 12'. 2 81° 12' 


1 81° 26'. 2 


81° 08' 


81° 35' 


81° 17'. 5 


81° 


24'. 2 


81° 12'. 1 


81° 


17'. 1 


81° 26'. 2 


Mag. mer. 80 47. b 




Mean ... 81° 18'. 2 




Mean 


81° 21'. 6 




Resulting 


dip, 81° 19'. 9 


• 





660 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, January 1, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 25 m p. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

59 06 

02 


O ' 

58 58 
54 


/ 

42 33 
36 


o r 

41 20 
24 


O 1 

65 43 
39 


o / 

65 32 

28 


o / 

66 42 

38 


o / 

65 20 

16 


/ 

65 38 

42 


/ 

65 13 

17 


o / 

66 56 

67 00 


o / 

66 01 

05 


Circle N. 

Needle N. ° ' 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


59 04 


58 56 


42 34. 5 


41 22 


65 41 


65 30 


66 40 


65 18 


65 40 


65 15 


66 58 


66 03 


59° 00' 


41° 58'. 2 


65° 35'. 5 


650 59- 


65° 27'. 5 


66° 30'. 5 




65° 47'. 2 


65° 59' 


Mag. mer. 80 47. 5 


tt'=39° 30'. 9 


Mean 65° 53'. 1 



[Date, January 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 

of beginning, l 1 25 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 U 05 m .J 



Needle No. 1. Time 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle we3t, 
face west. 


Circle west 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

81 33 
36 


/ 
80 51 
55 


/ 

81 56 

82 00 


/ 
81 11 
15 


* 
81 06 
02 


/ 
81 13 
09 


/ 
81 24 
19 


/ 
81 37 
33 


/ 
81 10 
06 


/ 
81 21 
17 


/ 
81 12 
08 


/ 
81 32 
28 


/ 
81 45 
49 


/ 
81 08 
12 


/ 
81 51 
55 


/ 
81 09 
13 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 20° 00' 
NeedleS. 23 19 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 19 33 
NeedleS. 17 16 


81 34. 5 


80 53 


81 58 


81 13 


81 04 


81 11 


81 21.5 


81 35 


81 08 


81 19 


81 10 181 30 

1 


81 47 


81 10 


81 53 


81 11 


81<> 13/.8 


81° 35'.5 


81° 07'.5 


81° 28'.2 


81° 13'.5 


81° 20' 


81° 28'.5 


81° 32' 


81° 


24'.6 


81° 


17'.8 


81° 


16'.8 


81° 30'.2 


Mag. mer. 20 02 






.. 81° 21/2 








81° 23'.5 










Resulting dip 


81° 22'.4. 









[Date, January 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 
Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 b 10 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 b 44 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 
60 19 
15 


/ 
60 16 
12 


/ 
43 42 
45 


/ 
43 24 
28 


/ 
65 44 
40 


/ 
65 30 
26 


/ 
68 32 
28 


/ 
68 30 
26 


1 
65 36 
40 


/ 
64 52 
56 


/ 
67 17 
21 


/ 
66 24 
27 


Circle 2f. 

Needle N. ° ' 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


60 17 


60 14 


43 43. 5 


43 26 


65 42 


65 28 


68 30 


68 28 


65 38 J 64 54 


67 19 


66 25. 5 


60° 15'. 5 


43° 34'.8 


65° 35' 


68°29' 


65° 15' 


66° 52'.2 




67° 02' 


66° 04'.1 


Mag. mer. 20° 02' 


«'=C8° 04'.8 


Mean . . 66° 33' 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



661 



[Date, January 31, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 1. Time 

of beginning, l h 40 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 25'° a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 44 
48 


o / 

81 13 

18 


o / 
8140 
44 


o / 
81 08 
12 


o / 
81 14 
09 


o / 

81 27 

23 


o / 

81 22 
18 


o / 
81 32 

27 


o / 
81 32 
28 


O f 

81 34 
30 


o / 
81 05 
01 


o / 
81 09 
05 


o / 
81 48 
52 


O 1 

81 16 
21 


O ' 

81 33 
37 


o / 

81 02 

06 


Circle N~. 

Needle N. 88° 37' 
Needle S. 91 29 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 87 01 
Needle S. 87 33 


81 46 


81 15. 5 


81 42 


81 10 


81 11. 5 


81 25 


81 20 


81 29. 5 


81 30 


81 32 


81 03 


81 07 


81 50 


81 18.5 


81 35 


81 04 


81° 30'. 8 


81° 26' 


81° 18'. 2 


81° 24'. 8 


81° 31' 


81° 05' 


81° 34'. 2 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 28'. 4 


81° 21'. 5 


81° 18' 


81°. 26'. 8 


Mag.mer. 88 40 


Mean 81° 25' 


Mean , 81° 22'. 4 


Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 7 



[Date, January 31, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, S. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 30 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 57™ a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
58 45 
41 


o / 
59 00 
58 56 


o / 
42 27 
30 


o / 

41 10 

14 


o / 
66 56 
53 


o f 
66 08 
04 


O ' 

66 52 

48 


o / 

66 48 
45 


o / 

65 12 

16 


/ 

64 38 
42 


/ 

67 18 
21 


© / 
66 26 
30 


Circle N. 

Needle N. • ' 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag.mer. 88 40 


58 43 


58 58 


42 28. 5 


41 12 


66 54. 5 


66 06 


66 50 


66 46. 5 


65 14 


64 40 


67 19. 5 


66 28 


58° 50'. 5 


41° 50'. 2 


66° 30'. 2 


66° 48'. 2 


64° 57' 


66° 53'. 8 




66° 39'. 2 


65° 55'. 4 


m'=39° 39'. 6 


Mean 66° 17'. 3 



[Date, February 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. 

Time of beginning, l h 55™ a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 27™ a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

81 44 
58 


o / 

81 18 

25 


o / 

8133 
39 


o / 

81 08 

15 


o / 

81 26 
19 


o / 

81 29 

23 


o / 

81 28 

21 


O 1 

81 30 
23 


O I 

81 30 
23 


o / 

81 27 
20 


o / 

81 20 

14 


o / 

81 17 
10 


o / 

81 49 

56 


o / 

81 20 

27 


O ' 

81 28 
35 


o / 

81 05 

12 


Circle JT. 

Needle N. 78° 28 
NeedleS. 81 48 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 77 07 
NeedleS. 79 41 

Mag. mer. 79 16 


81 47 


812L5 


81 36 


81 11. 5 


81 22. 5 


81 26 


81 24. 5 


81 26. 5 


81 26. 5 


81 23. 5 


81 17 


81 13.5 


81 52.5 


81 23. 5 


81 31.5 


81 08. 5 


8i° 34'- 2 


81° 23'. 8 


81° 24'. 2 


81° 25'. 5 


81° 25' 


81° 15'. 2 


81° 38' 


81° 20' 


81° 29' 


81° 


24'. 8 


81° 20'. 1 


81° 29' 


Mean...:.. 81° 26'. 9 




Mean 81° 24'.6 


Eesnlting dip, 81° 25'.8 



662 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, February 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 
• Needle Nos. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 32 a. m. ; Time of ending, 3 b a.m.] 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle enst, Circle east, 
Mic.D, Mic.B, 
face east. face east. 


1 1 
Circle "west, Circle west, 1 Circle east, 
face west. face east. face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 1 S. 


N. 


S. 


N. S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
59 11 

07 


o / o / 
58 41 42 30 
34 28 


O ' 

41 19 
21 


o i 
66 15 
] 12 


o / ] o / 
65 47 66 08 
43 06 


o 1 
66 00 
65 58 


o 1 
66 01 

03 


O 1 

65 07 
10 


O 1 

66 35 
37 


o / 
65 30 
33 


Circle N. 

Needle N. ° ' 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 79 16 


59 09 


58 37. 5 


42 29 


41 20 


66 13. 5 


65 45 ]66 07 


65 59 |66 02 


65 08. 5 


66 36 


65 31. 5 


58° 53'.2 


41° 54'. 5 


1 
65 59. 2 66 03 65 35. 2 


66 03.8 




66 01. 1 


65 49. 5 


u'= 39° 36'.2 


Mean 65 55.3 



[Date, February 28, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time 

of beginning, ll h 10 m p. ra. ; time of ending, ll h 40 m p. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, ] Circle east, Circle west, 
faee east. ; face west. face east. 


Circle west, Circle west, 
face west. face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
fa«e west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. i N. ! S. N. | S. j N. 


S. | N. : S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. , N. 


i 

/ o / . ° ' i ° ' 

81 45 81 10 '81 48 |81 11 
50 j 14 52 i 14 


o / i ° ' 

81 15 181 23 

10 19 


O ' O ' o / O ' 

81 24 81 29 81 18 |81 24 
20 24 , 14 20 

i ! 


O ' 

81 26 
22 


o / 
81 32 
28 


' 

81 38 
42 


o / 
81 04 
08 


O 1 

81 37 

41 


l 

80 59 

81 03 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 79° 12' 
NeedleS. 82 52 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 76 56 
Needle S. 81 48 




8147.58112 8150 '8112.5 

! ! 


81 12. 5 81 21 


81 22 81 26. 5 81 16 81 22 


81 24 


81 30 


81 40 '81 06 


81 39 81 01 


81° 29'. 8 81° 31'. 2 


81° 16'. 8 


81° 24'. 2 81° 19' 

I 


81° 27' 


81° 23' 


81° 20' 


81° 30'. 5 


810 


20'. 5 81° 


23' 


81° 


21'. 5 


Mag. mer. 80 12 

! 


Mean 81° 25. '5 




Mean 


81° 22'. 2 






Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 8 









[Date, February 28, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 
Needle No. 3, 4, deflecting. Time of beginning, ll 1 ' 43 m p. m. ; time of ending. 12 1 "" 07 a. m.. March 1.] 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 




Circle east, 

MicD, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

MicR, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, j Circle east, 
face east. face west. 

! 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N 


S. , N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
59 21 
16 


o / 
59 00 
58 55 


o ; 

43 56 

44 00 


o / 
42 32 
35 


O 1 

66 09 

04 


1 

o / ; o / o I 
65 54 i 66 28 i 66 03 
48 | 22 05 58 


O 1 

66 42 

47 


' O / 

65 54 1 65 57 

66 00 66 02 


o I 

65 18 
23 


Circle N. 

i Needle N. 
| Needle S. 

Circle S. 

! Needle N. 
! Needle S. 

! Mag. mer. 80 12 

i 


59 18. 5 


58 57. 5 


43 58 


42 33. 5 


66 06. 5 


C5 51 66 25 C6 00. 5 


66 44. 5 65 57 


65 59. 5 65 20. 5 


59° 08' 


43° 15'. 8 


65° 58'. 8 66° 12'. 8 


66° 20'. 8 


65° 40' 




66° 05'. 8 


66° 00'. 4 


u'=38°48'. 1 


Mean 66° 03'. 1 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



663 



[Date, March 14, 1883. Station, TJglaaraic, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, .1. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time 

of beginning, 12 b 45™ a. m. ; time of ending, l b 20° a. m.] 



Polarity of mnrked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, | Circle east, 
face east, i face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


IS. . N. Is. 
i 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

81 49 
55 


O ' o / 

81 20 (81 20 

28 28 


o / 

80 56 

81 02 


O 1 

81 24 

17 


O ' 

81 17 

11 


o / 

81 14 

08 


o / 

81 24 

18 


O ' 

81 29 

22 


o / 

81 27 

' 20 


o / 

81 25 

18 


o / 

81 27 

20 


o i 

81 38 

45 


o / 

81 23 

30 


o / 

81 22 

29 


O ' 

80 56 

81 02 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 83° 01' 
Needle S. 82 06 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 79 04 
NeedleS. 79 59 


81 52 


81 24 181 24 

i 


80 59 


81 20. 5 81 14 


81 11 


81 21 


81 25. 5 


81 23. 5 


81 21. 5J81 23. 5'81 41. 5 


81 26. 5 


81 25. 5 80 59 


81° 38' 81° 11'. 5 


81° 17.'. 2 


81° 16' 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 22'. 5 


81° 34' 


81° 12'. 2 




Mag. mer. 81 02.5 


81° 24'. 8 81° 16'. 6 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 23'. 1 


Mean 81° 20'. 7 


Mean 81° 23'. 3 


Resulting dip, 81° 22' 



[Date, March 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4, deflecting. Time of beginning, 1* 25 ul a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 




Needle No. 


4, weighted. 




Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

M. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

M.E., 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. N. 


S. N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


Circle N. 

Needle N. ° ' 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. raer. 81 02. 5 


o / i ° ' 

59 30 59 00 
22 158 52 


42 18 
20 


o - 

41 40 

42 


O / o r 

65 42 65 30 
38 26 


O 1 

66 32 

28 


O 1 

66 19 
16 


O ' 

66 30 
33 


o / 

65 46 

50 


o / 

66 52 

56 


o / 

65 58 

66 02 


59 26 158 56 


42 19 


41 41 


65 40 65 28 


66 30 


66 17. 5 


66 31. 5 165 48 

1 


66 54 J66 00 


59° 11' 


42° 


65° 34' 


66° 23'. 8 


66° 09'. 8 


66° 27' 




65° 


58'. 9 


66° 


18'. 4 


W'=3S 


1° 24'5 




Mean . . 


66° 08'. 6 





[Date, March 25, 1883. Station, TJglamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, 9 h 40 m p. m.; time of ending, 10 h 20 m p. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle cast Circle cast, Circle west, 
face east, j face west. face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. | N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

81 53 

58 


o / ° ' 

81 21 81 41 
26 40 


o / 

81 12 

16 


o t 

81 20 

10 


O ' 

81 18 

14 


i 

o / j ° ' 

81 28 lai 27 

24 j 22 


o / 

81 36 

31 


O 1 

81 33 

29 


i 

O ' , ° ' 

81 26 81 25 
22 | 20 


o / 

81 37 

42 


o / 

81 09 

13 


o / 

81 45 

49 


O 1 

81 17 
22 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 74° 16' 
NeedleS. 76 42 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 7G 24 
Needle S. 77 22 

Mag. mer. 76 11 


81 55.5 81 23.5 81 43. 5 81 14 

1 


81 18 81 16 

L 

81° 17' 


81 26 '81 24. 5 


81 33.5 ! 81 31 

1 


81 24 81 22. 5 


81 39. 5 


81 11 


81 47 


81 19.5 


81° 39'. 3 81° 28'. 8 


81° 25'. 2 


81° 32'. 2 • 


81° 23'. 2 


81° 25'. 2 


81° 33'. 2 


81° 34'. 2 


81° 21'. 1 


81° 


27'. 7 


81° 


29'. 2 


Mean 81° 27'. 6 


Mean 81° 28'. 4 


Resulting dip, 81° 28' 



664 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



[Date, March 31, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle .Ho. 2. Time of 

beginning, 10 11 15 m p. m.; time of ending, 10 b 40 m p.m. 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 1 Circle east, 
face east. 1 face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 56 

82 00 


o / o / 
81 43 81 59 

48 82 03 


o ' 

81 30 
35 


o / 

80 52 

48 


o / 

80 49 
45 


o ' 

81 27 
23 


o / 

81 25 

20 


o / 
81 11 

07 


o / 

81 12 

07 


o / ° ' 

81 25 81 22 
20 18 


o / 

81 58 

82 03 


o / 

81 29 

34 


o / 

81 48 

53 


O 1 

81 17 
21 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 80° 38' 
NeedleS. 82 28 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 80 44 
Needle S. 82 14 

Mag.mer. 81 31 


81 58 


81 45. 5J82 01 J81 32. 5 


80 50 


80 47 


81 25 181 22. 5 


81 09 


81 09. 5 


81 22. 5 81 20 


82 00. 5 81 31. 5 

1 


81 50. 5'81 19 


81° 51'. 8 81° 46'. 8 


80° 48'. 5 


81° 23'. 8 


81° 09'. 2 81° 21'. 2 


81° 46' 


81° 34'. 8 


81° 49'. 3 


81° 06'. 2 


81° 15'. 2 


81° 40'. 4 


Mean 81° 27'. 8 


Mean 


81° 27'. 8 


Resulting dip, 81° 27'. 8 



[Date, March 31, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, 2 h 05 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 35 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E, 

face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

61 17 
11 


o / 
61 02 
60 56 


o ' 

43 09 
12 


o / 

42 05 

08 


61 14 j 60 59 


43 10. 5 


42 06. 5 


61° 06'.5 


42° 38'.5 





w'=38° 07.5 







Needle No. 


4, weighted. 






Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

65 29 

25 


o / 

65 17 

13 


o / o / 

65 50 ! 65 32 

46 28 


O ' 

65 32 
36 


o / 

64 55 

58 


O I 

66 59 

67 03 


o / 

66 02 

06 


65 27 65 15 


65 48 ! 65 30 


65 34 


64 56. 5 


67 01 


60 04 


65° 21' 


65° 39' 


65° 15'.2 


66° 32'.5 


65° 


30' . 


65° 


53'. 8 



Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 



Circle N. 

Needle N. 80° 48' 
NeedleS. 81 36 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 78 29 
NeedleS. 79 15 



Mag.mer. 80 02 



Mean 65° 41'. 9 



[Date, April 14, 1883. Station. TXglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, 22 h 36 m a. m. ; time of ending, l h 05 ra a. m. ] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
lace east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

81 42 
48 


O ' 

81 16 
22 


o / 
81 41 

47 


o / 

81 10 

16 


O ' 

81 06 
00 


o / 
81 04 
80 58 


o / 

81 27 

21 


O ' 

81 25 
19 


o / 
81 02 
80 56 


o / 

81 24 

18 


o / 

81 21 

14 


o / 

81 28 

22 


o / 

81 35 

40 


o 1 

81 11 
16 


/ 

81 47 

52 


O ' 

81 15 
20 


Circle If. 

Needle N. 76° 41' 
Needle S. 81 17 

Circle S. 

Needle N 80 46 
Needle S. 76 48 


81 45 


81 19 


81 44 


81 13 


81 03 


81 01 


81 24 81 22 


80 59 


81 21 


81 17. 5 


81 25 


81 37. 5 


81 13. 5 


81 49. 5 


81. 17. 5 


81° 32' 


81° 28'. 5 


81° 02' 


81° 23' 


81° 10' 


81° 21'. 2 


81° 25'. 5 


81° 33'. 5 


81° 30'. 2 


81° 12'. 5 


81° 15'. 6 


81° 29'. 5 


Mag. mer. 78 53 


Mean 


81° 21'. 4 


Mean 


81° 22'. 6 




Resulting 6 


jp, 81° 22'. 





EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



065 



[Pate, April 24, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l b 16 m a. m. ; time of ending, l h 39 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Mic.D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

59 10 

12 


o / 

58 58 

53 


o / 

42 35 

39 


o ' 

41 23 

28 


o / 

06 38 

44 


o / 

65 53 

58 


o ' 

65 53 
58 


o / 

65 10 

15 


o ' 

65 12 
06 


o / 

64 47 
41 


o / 

65 41 

35 


o / 

65 27 

22 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


59 14 


58 55. 5 


42 37 


41 25. 5 


66 41 


65 55. 5 


65 55. 5 


65 12. 5 


65 09 


64 44 


65 38 


65 24. 5 


59° 04'. 8 


42° 01'. 2 


66° 18'. 2 


65° 34' 


C4° 50'. 5 65° 31'. 2 




65° 56'. 1 


65° 13'. 8 


Mag. mer. 78 53 


lt'=39° 27'.0 


Mean 65° 35' 



[Date, April 30, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield.. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time 

of beginning, 12 11 21"' a. in. ; time of ending. I 1 ' 19" a. m.] 



Polarity of n^arked end JB north. 


Polarity ef marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west,- 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, j Circle east, 
face east. . : face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. N. j S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
81 36 

40 


o / 

81 06 

11 


O ' 

81 40 
53 


O ' 

81 21 
27 


o ' 

81 13 

07 

81 10 


o / 

81 09 

03 


o / 

81 26 

21 


o / 

81 25 

19 


o / 

81 27 

22 


o / 

81 26 

20 


o / 

81 15 

09 


o / 

81 17 

11 

81 14 


o / 

81 49 

55 


o / 

81 20 

25 


O ' 

81 34 

39 


o / 

81 08 

13 


Circle N. 

Neeille. N". 79° 43' 
Needle S. 81 50 

Circle P. 

Needle N. 80 54 
Needle S. i-0 06 


81 38 


81 08.581 51 '81 24 

i 1 


81 00 


81 23. 5 


81 22 


81 24. 5 


81 23 


81 12 


81 52 


81 22. 5 


81 30.5 


81 10. 5 


81° 23'. 2 


81° 37'. 5 


81° 08' 


81° 22'. 8 


81° 23'. 8 


81° 13' 


81° 37'. 2 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 30'. 4 


81° 


15'. 4 


81° 


18'. 4 


81° 30'. 4 


Mag. mer. 80 38 


Mean 


81° 22'. 9. 




Mean 81° 24'. 4. 






Resulting t 


ip, 81° 23'. 6 





[Date, April 30, 1883. Station, 'Cglaarme, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of begii ning, l h 20'" a. m. ; time of ending, l h 40 m a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


i 




Needle No. 4, weighted. 




Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle 
face 


west, 
west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
fate west. 


Circle east, 
fate east. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


i s. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' o / 

59 37 59 10 

33 | 10 


o ' 

42 15 

18 


o ' 

41 14 

17 


1 o , 

' 66 20 

14 


o / 
66 03 
65 58 


o / 

66 19 

13 


O ' 

66 13 

07 


O ' 

66 23 

29 


o / 

65 47 

53 


O ' 

66 40 
45 


o / 

65 51 

57 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Net die S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 80 38 


59 35 


59 13 


42 16.5 


41 15.5 


06 17 


66 00. 5 


66 16 ! 66 10 


66 26 


65 50 


66 42. 5 


65 54 


59° 21' 


41° 46' 


60° 


3'. 8 


60° 13' 


06° 08' 


66° 18'. 2 






66° 


10'. 9 


66° 


13'. 1 


tt' = 3 


9° 25' 






Mean 


66° 12' 





H. Ex. 44- 



-84 



6QQ 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, May 14, 1883. Station, TJglaarnie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, 12 h 59 m a. hi. time of ending, 1 L 31 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marl id end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime verticle. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O 1 

81 29 
32 


O ' 

80 51 
53 


O ' 

81 51 
54 


O I 

81 19 
22 


O ' 

80 52 
48 


o / 

81 09 

06 


O 1 

81 36 
32 


O ' 

81 43 

40 


O 1 

81 15 
11 


O 1 

81 26 
22 


o / 

81 24 

21 


o / 

81 35 

31 


O 1 

81 51 
54 


o / 

81 14 

17 


O 1 

81 41 
44 


O ' 

81 02 
04 


Cirolc K. 

Needle N. 74° 08' 
NeedleS. 77 39 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 77 16 
NeedleS. 81 04 

Mag. mer. 77 47 


81 30. 5 


80 52 


81 52. 5 


81 20.5 


80 50 


81 07. 5 


81 34 


81 41. 5 


81 13 


81 24 


81 22. 5 


81 33 


81 52.5 


81 15. 5 


81 42. 5 


81 03 


81° 11'. 2 


81° 3fi'. 5 


80° 58'. 8 


81° 37'. 8 


81° 18'. 5 


81° 27'. 8 


81° 34'. 


81° 22'. 8 


81° 


23'. 8 


81° 18'. 3 


81° 23'. 2 


81° 28'. 4 


Mean 81° 21' 


Mean 81° 25'. 8 


Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 4 



[Date. May 14. 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l b 3£ m a. m. ; time of ending, l b 56 m a. in.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 1 Circle east, 
Mic. D. Mie. R, 
face east. face east. 

1 


Circle west, 1 Circle west, 
face west. face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. | S. 


N. 


s. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O I 

59 22 
18 


O ' 10/ 

58 58 i 42 28 
54 ! 30 


O I 

41 36 
38 


O ' 

j 65 44 
41 


O 1 

65 33 
29 


•O 1 

66 23 
20 


O / 

66 13 
10 


O I 

65 46 

49 


O ' 

65 10 
13 


O ' 

66 49 
53 


O ' 

65 54 

57 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


59 20 


58 50 | 42 29 


41 37 


65 42. 5 


65 31 


66 21. 5 


66 11. 5 


65 47. 5 


65 11. 5 


66 51 


66 55. 5 


59° 08' 42° 03' 


j 65° 36'. 8 


06° 16'. 5 


65° 29'. 5 


60° 23'. 2 




65° 56'. 6 

| 


65° 56'. 4 


Mag. mer. 77 47 


w'=39° 24'. 5 


Mean 65° 56'. 5 



[Date, May 23, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning. 12 h 47 m a.m. : time of ending. l h 18 m a. m.l 



beginning, 12 ¥ 47 m a. m. ; time of ending, l 11 18 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. . 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle cast, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east, 


Circle west, 
face west, 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

81 39 
41 


O ' 

81 05 
08 


O ' 

81 40 
43 


O 1 

81 04 

07 


o / 

81 09 

05 


O ' 

81 15 

11 


/ 

81 12 
08 


/ 

81 20 

17 


o / 

81 38 

34 


o 1 

81 48 

44 


o / 
81 02 
80 58 


O ' 

81 10 
05 


o ; 

82 00 

03 


o / 

81 21 

25 


/ 

81 32 
35 


O 1 

80 58 

81 01 


Circle K. 

Needle N. 63° 48' 
NeedleS. 80 02 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 83 59 
NeedleS. 83 42 

Mag. mer. 82 53 


81 40 


81 0G. 5 


81 41. 5 


81 05. 5 


81 07 J81 13 


81 10 


81 18. 5 


81 36 


81 46 


81 00 


81 07. 5 


82 01. 5 


81 23 


81 33. 5 


80 59. 5 


81° 23'.2 


81° 23'.5 


81° 10' 


81° 14. '2 


81° 41' 


81° 03'.8 


81° 42'.2 


81° 16. '5 


81° 23'.4 


81° 12/1 


81° 


22'.4 


81° 29'.4 


Mean 


81° 17'8 




Mean 810 25'. 9 






Resulting dip, 81° 21.'8 







EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



6G7 



[Date, May 31, 1883. Station, TJglaaniie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, 12 b 58™ a, m. j time of ending, l h 30™ a. m.| 



/ Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end JB north. 


Circle in magnetic 
primo vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face ■west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 42 

45 


o / 

81 03 

07 


o - 

81 47 
51 


o / 

81 09 
13 


O 1 

81 19 
15 


o / 

81 28 

24 


o / 
81 23 

20 


O ' 

81 31 

27 


o / 

81 14 

10 


o / 

81 25 
22 


O ' 

81 15 
11 


O 1 

81 28 
25 


O ' 

82 08 
11 


o / 

81 25 
29 


o / 
81 55 

58 


o / 

81 12 

15 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 76° 35' 
NeedleS. 80 41 

Oircle S. 

Needle N. 76 40 
NeedleS. 80 47 

Mag. mer. 78 41 


81 43. 5 


81 05 


81 49 


81 11 


81 17 


81 26 


81 21. 5 


81 29 


81 12 


81 23. 5 


81 13 


81 26. 5 


82 09. 5 


81 27 


81 56. 5 


81 13.5 


81° 24'.2 


81° 30' 


81° 21. '5 


81° 25'.2 


81° 17'.8 


81° iy.8 


81° 48'.2 


81° 35' 


81° 


27M 


81° 


23.'4 


81° 18'.8 


81° 41'.6 




Mean . . 


81° 25. '2. 




Mean 81° 30'.2 


Besulting dip, 81° 27'. 7 



[Date, May 31, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Masfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l b 32 nl a. m. ; time of ending, l' 49™ a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. E, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


. N. 


S. 


N. 


o - ' o , 

59 32 1 59 11 

30 ' 08 


O ' 

42 42 
45 


O ' 

41 38 
41 


o / 

65 28 

24 


O ' 

65 18 
14 


o / 

66 07 

04 


o / 

65 58 

55 


I 

66 26 
30 


O ' 

65 32 

35 


O ' 

67 31 
34 


O 1 

67 02 
06 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Mag. mer. 78° 41' 


59 31 i 59 09. 5 


42 43. 5 


41 39. 5 


65 26 


65 16 


66 05.5 


65 56. 5 


66 28 


65 33. 5 


67 32. 5 


67 04 


59° 20'. 2 | 42° 11'. 5 


65° 21' 


66° 01' 


66° 00'. 8 


67° 18'. 2 




65° 41' 


66° 39', 5 


u'=39° 14'. 2 • 


Mean 66° 10'.2 



[Date, June 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, .Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip-circle No. 23. 

of beginning, 12 h 57™ a. ; m. tiu.e of ending, l h 26™ a.m. ] 



Needle No. 2. Time 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle cast, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face eaet. 


Cirole east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 40 

45 


o i 

81 14 

19 


O ' 

81 44 
48 


O 1 

81 18 
23 


O ' 

81 20 
15 


O ' 

81 16 
11 


O ' 

81 21 
16 


o / 
81 23 

18 


O ' 

81 21 

16 


o / 

81 18 

13 


/ 

81 17 
' 12 


o f 

81 21 

15 


O 1 

81 53 
57 


/ 

81 22 
26 


' 

81 31 
35 


o / 

81 05 

09 


Oircle Jf. 

Needle N. 80° 55' 
Needle S. 83 04 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 83 28 
NeedleS. 84 56 


81 42. 5 


81 16. 5 


81 46 


81 20. 5 


81 17. 5 


81 13. 5 


81 18. 5 


81 20. 5 


81 18. 5 


81 15.5 


81 14. 5 


81 18 


81 55 


81 24 


81 33 


SI 07 


81° 29'. 5 


81° 


n<, 2 


81° 15'. 5 


81° 19'. 5 


81° 17' 


81° 16'. 2 


81° 39'. 5 


81° 20' 


81° I 


1'.4 




81° 17'. 5 


Rl° 16'. 6 


81° 29'. 8 


Mag. mer. 83 06 


Mean 8°. 24'. 4 




.81° 23'. 2 


Resulting dip, 81° 23'. 8 



G68 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



f Date, Jane 14, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. 
Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l h 28™ a. m. ; time of ending, l b 48™ a. m. ] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 

Alio. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, Circle east, 
face west. face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


Circle N. 

Needle N 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


O ' 

59 46 
43 

59 44. 5 


o / 

59 33 

30 


o / 

42 58 

43 00 


o / 

41 50 
54 


o / 

66 50 

44 


o / 

66 31 

26 


o / 

66 10 

05 


/ 

65 50 

45 


o / 

66 43 

49 


o / 

65 42 

47 


o / 

66 52 

57 


o / 

66 10 

16 

66 13 


59 31. 5 


42 59 


41 52 


66 47 


66 28. 5 


06 07. 5 


65 47. 5 


66 46 


65 44. 5 


66 54. 5 


59° 38' 


42° 25'. 5 


66° 37'. 8 


05° 57'. 5 


66° 15'. 2 


66° 33'. 8 


Mag. mer. 83° 06' 




66° 17'. 6 


66° 24'. 5 


u' = 3S° 58'. 2 


Mean.. ,66° 21' 



[Date, Jnne 30, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, 12 h 59"° a. m. ; time of ending, l b 27 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. , 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 20 

24 


o / 

80 54 

58 


/ 

81.41 

45 


o / 

81 06 

10 


o / 

81 09 

05 


o / 

81 07 

03 


o / 
81 26 

22 


o ' 

81 25 
21 


o / 

81 21 

16 


o ; 

81 21 

16 


o / 

81 19 

14 


o / ° ' 

81 16 81 42 

11 46 


o / 

81 14 

18 


o / 

81 49 

53 


o / 

81 16 

21 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 79° 11' 
Needle S. 82 22 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 77 29 
NeedleS. 82 09 

Mag. mer. 80 18 


81 22 


80 56 l81 43 


81 08 


81 07 


81 05 


81 24 


81 23 


81 18. 5 


81 18. 5 


81 16. 5 


81 13. 5 81 44 


81 16 


81 51 


81 18.5 


81° 09' 81° 25'. 5 


81° 06' 


81° 23'. 5 


81° 18'. 5 


81° 15' 


81° 30' 


81° 34'. 8 


81° 17'. 2 


81° 14'. 8 


81° 16'. 8 


81° 32'. 4 


Mean 81° 16' 


Mean 81° 24'. 6 


Resulting dip, 81° 20'. 3 



[Date, Jnne 30, 1883, Station. Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l h 29™ a. m. ; time of ending, l h 53™ a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D. 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. R, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 


o / 

59 28 

24 


o / 

59 12 

08 


O 1 

42 21 
24 


o / 

41 09 

12 


o / 

65 50 

45 


o / 

65 29 

24 


o / 

66 04 

00 


o / 

65 43 

38 


o / 
65 43 

47 


o - 
64 59 
05 03 


o / 

66 49 
54 


o / | 
65 59 ! 
60 04 


59 26 


59 10 


42 22. 5 


41 10.5 


65 47. 5 


65 26. 5 


66 02 


65 40. 5 


65 45 


65 01 


66 51. 5 


86 01.5 
i 


59° 18' 


41° 46'. 5 


65° 37' 


65° 51'. 2 


65° 23' 


66° 26'. 5 


Mag. mer. 80° 18' 




65° 44'. 1. 


65° 54'. 8. 


u 1 — 39° 27'. 8 Mean 65° 49'. 4 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARKOW, ALASKA. 



669 



[Date, July 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska, Gbttingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. NeedleNo. 2. Time of 

beginning, 12' 59 m a. m. ; time of ending, l 1 ' 30 1 " a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west. 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. ' 


S. 


N. 


o / 

81 31 

35 


o / 

81 03 

08 


o ' 

81 18 
22 


o / 
80 55 
59- 


o / 

81 37 

33 


o / 
81 32 

28 


O ' 

81 33 

28 


o / 

81 32 

27 


o / 

81 08 
03 


o / 

81 04 

00 


o / 

81 15 

10 


o / 

81 16 
12 


o / 

81 53 

57 


o / 

81 21 

25 


o / 

81 36 
40 


o / 

81 09 

13 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 83° 05' 
Needle S. 80 24 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 84 17 
NeedleS 82 23 

Mag.mer. 82 33.5 


81 33 


81 05.5 


81 20 


80 57 


81 35 


81 30 


81 30. 5 


81 29. 5 


81 05. 5 


81 02 


81 12. 5 


81 14 


81 55 


81 23 


81 38 


81 11 


81° 19'. 2 


81° 08'. 5 


81° 32'. 5 


81° 30' 


81° 03'. 8 


81° 13'. 2 


81° 39' 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 13'. 8 


81° 31'. 2 


81° 08'. 5 


81° 31'. 8 


Mean 81° 22'. 5 


Mean 81° 20'. 2 


Kesulting dip, 81° 21'. 4 



[Date, July 14, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska,Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle 
No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. Time of beginning, l 1 ' 35°' a. m. ; time of ending, l h 55'".] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 


Needle No. 4, weighted. 


Circle, in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
Mic. B, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


s, 


N. 


S. 


N. 


s. ■ 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


O ' 

59 36 
33 


o / 

59 17 

14 


o i 

42 22 

26 


o / 

41 12 

16 


o / 

65 08 

05 


O ' 

64 58 
55 


o / 

65 53 

49 


o 1 

65 40 

37 


/ 

65 28 
31 


/ 

64 35 

38 


O ' 

66 37 

41 


o / 

65 34 

37 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
1 NeedleS. 


59 34. 5 


59 15. 5 


42 24 


41 14 


65 06. 5 


64 56. 5 


65 51 


65 38. 5 


65 29. 5 


64 3G. 5 


66 39 


65 35. 5 


59° 25' 


41° 49' 


65° 01'. 5 


65° 44'. 8 


65° 03' 


66° 07'. 2 




65° 23'. 2 


65° 35'. 1 


1 Mag. mer. 82° 33'. 5 

1 


tt'=39° 23' 


Mean 65° 29'. 2 



[Date, July 31, 1883. Station, TJglaamie, Alaska, Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Needle No. 2. Time of 

beginning, l h 57'" a. m.; time of ending, 2 h 17 m a. m.] 



Polarity of marked end A north. 


Polarity of marked end B north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 1 Circle west, 
face west. face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 1 S. 


N. 


S, 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 

80 56 

81 01 


o / 

80 29 

34 


o / 
81 10 

14 


o / 

80 41 

46 


O ' 

80 54 
49 


° ' 

80 52 

47 


o / 

81 14 

09 


o / 

81 10 

06 


o / 

81 09 

04 


o / ° ' 

81 11 81 11 

06 1 06 


o / 

81 10 

05 


o / 

81 30 

35 


o / 

81 02 

07 


o / 

81 17 

22 


O ' 

80 50 
55 


Circle JV. 

Needle N. 80° 53' 
Needle S. 82 22 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 77 24 
Needle S. 78 21 


80 58. 5 


80 31. 5 


81 12 


80 43. 5 


80 51. 5 80 49. 5 

1 


81 11.5 


81 08 


81 06. 5 


81 08. 5 


81 08. 5'81 07. 5 

1 


81 32. 5 


81 04. 581 19. 5 

1 


80 52. 5 


80° 45' 


80°57'.8 


80° 50'. 5 81° 09'.8 


81° 07'.5 


81° 08' 


81° 18'.5 81° 06' 


80° 5V.4 


81° IM/.2 


81° 07'.8 


81° 12'.2 


Mag. mer. 79 45 


Mean 


..80°55'.8 Mean.... 


81° 10'. 




Resulting dip, 81° 02'.9 





670 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



[Date, July 31, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Gottingen time. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip oirole No. 28. Time of 

beginning, 2 b 19 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 h 33 m a. m.J 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle east, 
Mic. D, 
face east. 



59 47 
43 



59 45 59 31 



N. 



59 33 
29 



59° 38' 



Circle east, 

Mic. R, 

face east. 



42 22 
26 



42 24 41 26 



41 24 
28 



41° 55' 



t('=39° 13'. 5 







Needle No. 


i, weighted. 






Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle, west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


/ 

64 13 
09 


o / 

63 54 

50 


O t 

65 27 
22 


O ' 

65 06 
01 


O ' 

65 21 
25 


o / 

64 35 

39 


O ' 

65 54 
59 


o ' 

65 07 
12 


64 11 


63 52 


65 24.5 


65 03. 5 


65 23 


64 37 


65 56.5 


65 09. 5 


64° 01'.5 


65° 14' 


65° 00' 


65° 33' 


64° 37'. 8 


65°16'.5 



Mean 64° 57'.2 



Circle in magnetio 
prime vertical. 



Circle N. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 

Circle S. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 



Mag. mer. 79° 45' 



[Date, August 14, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alaska. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. NeedleNo.2. Time of beginning, I* 35" a.m. ; 

time or ending, l 11 56 m p. iu. Magnetic meridian reads, 78° 20'. 1 



Polarity of marked end B north. 


Polarity of marked end A north. 


Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face west. 


Circle west, 
face east. 


Circle east, 
face west. 


Circle east, 
face east. 


S. i N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


■ S. | N. 


1 
o / I ° ' 
81 40 81 09 
45 1 14 


o r 
81 40 
44 


o / 
81 15 
20 


/ 

81 31 
26 


/ 

81 23 

18 


o / 

81 32 
28 


O I 

81 36 
31 


o / 
81 37 
32 


O 1 

81 37 
32 


o / 
81 20 
15 


O ' 

81 21 
16 


o / 

81 59 

82 03 


o 

81 28 
32 


o / o / 
81 45 81 20 
50 | 24 


Circle N. 

Needle N. 78° 33' 
Needle S. 09 

Circle S.- 

Needle N. 32 
Needle S. 06 


81 42. r.'si 11.5 


81 42 


81 17.5 


81 28. 5 


81 20. 5 


81 30 


81 33. 5 


81 34. 5 


81 34. 5 


81 17. 5 


81 18. 5 


82 01 


81 30 


81 47. 5J81 22 


81° 27' 


81° 29'. 8 


81° 24'. 5 


81° 31'. 8 


81° 34'. 5 


81° 18'. 


81° 45'. 5 


81° 34'. 8 




Mag. mer. 78 20 

i 


81° 28'. 4 


81° 28'. 2 


81° 26'. 2 


81° 


4C.2 


Mean .81° 28'. 3 


81° 33'. 2 


Resulting dip, 81° 30'. 8 



[Date, August 14, 1883. Station, Uglaamie, Alas ka. Observer, J. E. Maxfield. Dip circle No. 23. Time of beginning 

2 h 00 m a. m. ; time of ending, 2 b 18™ a. m.] 



Needle No. 3, No. 4 deflecting. 



Circle east, 

Mic. D, 

face east. 


Circle east, 

Mic. K, 

face east. 


S. 


N. 


S. 


N. 


o / 
59 33 
29 


o / 
59 16 
13 


/ 

42 39 
42 


o / 
41 33 
37 


59 31 


59 14. 5 


42 40. 5 


41 35 


59° 22'. 8 


42° 07'. 8 





Needle No. 4, weighted. 



Circle west, 
face west. 



I S. 



67 14 
18 



67 16 



N. 



66 26 
30 



Circle west, 
face east. 



66 28 



65 41 
45 



65 43 



N. 



65 00 
04 



Circle east 
face west. 



65 05 
00 



65 02 | 66 02. 5 



N. 



65 47 
42 



65 44.5 



66° 52' , 65° 22.5 ! 65° 53'. 5 

66° 07'. 2 



Circle east 
face east. 



65 38 
34 



65 36 



1ST. 



65 23 
18 



65 20. 5 



65° 28'. 2 



65° 40'. 8 



u'= 39° 14'. 7 



Mean 65° 54' 



Circle in magnetic 
prime vertical. 



Circle tf. 

Needle N. 

Needle S. 

Circle 8. 

Needle N. 
Needle S. 



Mag. mer. 78° 20' ! 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 
Recapitulation of results for dip. 



671 



Date. 


Needle. 


Dip. 


Date. 


Needle. 


Dip. 


Date. 


Needle. 


Dip. 


Date. 


Needle. 


Dip. 


1881 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 17 

18 

19 

1882 
Jan. 18 
19 
20 

Feb. 16 

17 
18 

JIar. 17 
18 
19 

Apr. 17 
18 
19 


1 
2 
1 
2 

1 
2 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
2 
1 


o t 

81 22. 3 

28.9 

21.7 

25.6 

~ 81 24. 6 


1882 
May 17 
18 
19 

June 16 
18 
19 

July 17 
18 
19 

Aug. 17 
18 
19 

Aug. 31 

Sepl 14 

30 


1 
2 
1 

1 
2 
1 

2 

1 
2 

1 
2 

1 

1 

1 
1 


O 1 

81 18.3 
22. 1 
26.2 


1883 
Oct. 14 
31 

Nov. 16 
30 

Dec. 14 

1883 
Jan. 1 
14 
31 

Feb. 14 
28 

Mar. 14 
25 


1 
1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

2 
2 

2 
2 


o / 
81 21. 
24.3 


1883 
Mar. 31 
Apr. 14 
30 

May 14 
23 

May 31 

June 14 

30 

July 14 

31 

Aug. 14 


2 
2 
2 

2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 
2 
2 


O 1 

81 27. 8 
22.0 
23.6 

81 24.5 


81 22. 6 


81 22. 2 


81 20. 8 

24.7 


81 25. 1 

2 9 7 

24: i 


81 23. 4 
21.8 

81 22. 6 

81 27.7 
23.8 
20.3 


81 25. 8 
18.2 
23.2 


81 22. 8 


81 24. 


81 22. 4 


81 22.4 


81 29. 8 
25.3 
26.2 


81 16. 9 

21.7 
26.0 


81 19 9 

22.4 
23.7 


81 27. 1 


81 21. 5 


81 22. 


81 23. 9 


81 26. 3 
29.1 
27.5 


81 '12. 7 
23.5 
22.3 


81 21. 4 

02. 9 w=J 
30. 8 vr=i 


81 23. 8 
23.8 


81 27. 6 


81 22. 8 


81 24. 8 


81 12. 6 
27.9 
32.3 


81 20. 
23.4 
17.2 


81 19. 2 


81 22. 
28.0 

81 25. 


81 24. 3 


81 22. 2 



June 16, 1882. 

Cos 66° 22'.7 9.60281 
Cosec 39 39 .0 0. 19511 
Cow 15 02 .4 0. 58587 


July 17, 1882. 

Cos 66° 17'. 3 9.60437 
Cosec 39 26 .0 0. 19710 
Cosec 14 59 .6 0. 58719 

2)0. 38866 

0.19433 
A 0. 92055 


August 17, 

Cos 65° 29'.3 
Cosec 39 21 .4 
Cosec 15 53 .4 

A 

F 

Cos 81 22.8 

H 1. 930 

August 18, 

Cos 65° 39'.5 
Cosec 39 25 .1 
Coseo 15 44 .0 

A 

F 

Cos 81 22 .8 

R 1. 931 

August 19, 

Cos 65° 32'.2 
Cosec 39 27 .2 
Cosec 15 50 .1 

A 

F 

Cos 81 22 .8 

R 1. 929 


1882. 

9. 61792 
0. 19781 
0. 56258 


August 31, 1882. 

Cos 65° 22'.6 9. 61977 
Cosec 39 29 .7 0. 19654 
Cosec 16 03 .4 0. 558ir 

m 

2)0. 37448 


October 14, 1882. 

Cos 66^ 24'.7 9. 60224 
Coseo 38 00 .5 0. 21C58 
Cosec 14 56 .3 0. 5S875 


2 0. 38379 


2)0. 37831 

0. 18916 
0. 92055 

1. 10971 
9. 17575 


2)0.40157 


0. 19190 
A 0. 92055 


0. 18724 
A 0. 92055 

F 1. 10779 
Cos 81 22 .8 9. 17575 


0. 20078 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 11837 
Cos 81 22 .6 9. 17591 

R 1. 969 0. 29428 


F 1. 11245 
Cos 81 24.0 9.17474 


F 1. 11488 
Cos 81 21 .5 9. 17683 

R 1. 958 0. 29171 

July 18, 1882. 

Cos 65° 56'.0 9. 61045 
Cosec 38 45 .4 0. 20342 
Cosec 15 25 .7 0. 57506 


R 1. 937 0. 28719 


0. 28546 


R 1. 921 0. 28354 

September 14, 1882. 

Cos 65° 57'.4 9. 61005 
Cosec 39 07 .5 0. 19996 
Cosec 15 26 .0 0. 57J93 


June 18, 1882. 

Cos 67° 07'.8 9. 58955 
Coseo 39 35 .7 0. 19562 
Cosec 14 14.9 0.60S84 

2)0. 39401 

0. 19700 
A 0. 92055 

F 1. 11755 
Cos 81 24 .0 9. 17474 


1882. 

9. 61508 
0. 19724 
0. 56677 

2)0. 37909 


October 31, 1882. 

Cos 66° 03'. 4 9.60835 
Cosec 38 29 .0 0. 20601 
Cosec 15 20 .9 0. 57727 


2)0. 38893 

0. 19446 
A 0. 92055 


2)0. 38494 


2)0. 39163 


0. 18954 
0. 92055 


0. 19247 
A 0. 91759 


0. 19582 
A 0. 91739 

F 1. 11341 
COS 81 22 .6 9. 17591 


F 1. 11501 
Cos 81 21 .5 9. 17683 

R 1. 958 0. 29184 


1. 11009 
9. 17575 


F 1.11006 
Cos 81 22 .2 9. 17624 


R 1. 960 0. 29229 


0. 28584 


R 1. 933 0. 28(530 


R 1. 947 0. 28932 


June 19, 1882. 

Cos 66° 23'.8 9. 60250 
Cosec 39 41 .6 0. 19472 
Cosec 15 00 .3 0. 58686 


July 19, 1882. 

Cos 65° 55 /.2 9. 61067 
Coseo 38 35 .7 0. 20495 
Cosec 15 30 .8 0. 57274 


1882. 

9. 61712 
0. 19692 
0. 56405 


September 30, 1882. 

Cos 65° 46'.0 9. 61326 
Cosec 38 34 .5 0. 20514 
Cosec 15 31 .2 0. 57255 


November 16, 1882. 

Cos 66° 20'.8 9. C0336 
Cosec 39 07 .2 0. 20001 . 
Cosec 15 00 .0 0. 58700 

2)0. 39037 


2)0. 38408 

0. 19204 
A 0. 92055 

F 1.11259 
Cos 81 24.0 9.17474 


2)0. 38836 


2)0. 37809 


2)0. 39095 

0. 19548 
A 0. 91759 


0.19418 
A 0. 92055 


0. 18904 
0. 92055 


0.19518 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 11277 
Cos 81 22.8 9.17575 

R 1. 943 0. 28852 


F 1. 11473 
Cos 81 21.5 9.17683 


1. 10959 
9. 17575 


F 1. 11307 
Cos 81 22 .2 9. 17024 

R 1.947 0.28931 


R 1. 938 0. 28733 


R 1. 957 0. 29156 


0. 28534 



672 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEROW, ALASKA. 



November 30, 1882. 

Cos 65° 41'.8 9. G1444 
Cosec 39 26.7 0.1 '.700 
Cosec 15 42 .9 0. 5G727 

2)0. 37871 

0. 18936 
A 0. 91759 


January 14, 1883. 

Cos 66° 33'. 9. 59983 
Cosec 38 04 .8 0. 20999 
Cosec 14 49 .4 0. 59203 

2)0. 40185 


February 28, 1883. 

Cos 66° 03'. 1 9. 60843 
Cosec 38 48 .1 0. 20299 
Cosec 15 20 .7 0. 57736 


April 14, 1883. 

Cos 65° 35'.0 9. 61634 
Cosec 39 27 .0 0. 1SG95 
Cosec 15 47 .0 0. 56543 

2)0. 37872 

0. 18936 
A 0.91759 

F 1.10695 
Cos 81 24 .5 9. 17433 

E 1. 911 0. 28128 


May 31, 1883. 

Cos 66° 1C.2 9.60641 
Cosec 39 14 .2 0. 19892 
Cosec 15 17.5 0. 578S4 


2)0. 38878 

0. 19439 
A 0. 91759 


2)0. 38417 

0. 19208 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 10967 
Cos 81 22.6, 9.17591 

E 1. 930 0. 28558 


0. 20092 
A 0. 91759 


F 1. 10695 
Cos 81 22.8 9.17575 


F 1. 11851 
Cos 81 22.0 9.17641 


F 1. 11198 
Cos 81 24.8 9.17408 

E 1. 332 0. 28006 


E 1. 917 0. 28270 


E 1. 972 0. 29492 

January 31, 1883. 

Cos 66° 17' 3 9.60437 
Cosec 39 39 .6 0. 19502 
Cosec 15 06 .4 0. 58400 


December 14, 1882. 

Cos 66° 12'.0 9.60589 
Cosec 39 40 .2 0. 19493 
Cosec 15 10 .4 0. 58213 


March 14, 1883. 

Cos 66° 08'.6 9.60686 
Cosec 39 24 .5 0. 19733 
Cosec 15 13 .4 0. 58073 


April 30, 1883. 

Cos 66° 12'. 9. 60589 
Cosec 39 25 .0 0. 19726 
Cosec 15 11 .6 0. 58157 

2)0.38472 


June 14, 1883. 

Cos 66° 21'.0 9. 60331 
Cosec 38 58.2 0.20141 
Cosec 15 02 .8 0. 58569 


2)0. 38295 

0. 19148 
A 0. 91759 


2)0. 38339 

0.19170 
A 0. 91759 

F 1.10929 
Cos 81 22.0 9. 17G41 


2)0. 38492 

0. 19246 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 11005 
Cos 81 25 .0 9. 17391 

E 1. 923 0. 28396 


2)0. 39041 


0. 19236 
A ' 0. 91759 

F 1. 10995 
Cos 81 24.5 9.17433 


0. 19520 
A 0. 91759 


F 1. 10907 
Cos 81 22.4 9.17608 

S 1. 928 0. 28515 


F 1. 11279 
Cos 81 23 .9 9. 17483 


E 1. 931 0. 28570 


E 1. 924 0. 28428 

May 14, 1883. 

Cos 65° 56'.5 9.61030 
Cosec 39 24 .5 0. 19733 
Cosec 15 26 .9 0. £7452 

2)0. 38215 


E 1. 939 0. 28762 


January 1, 1883. 

Cos 65° 53'.1 9.61127 
Cosec 39 30 .9 0. 19635 
Cosec 15 26 .8 0. 5745G 


February H, 1883. 

Cos 65° 55'.3 9. 61064 
Cosec 39 36.2 0.19554 
Cosec 15 30 .5 0. 57287 

2)0.37905 


March 31, 1883. 

Cos 65° 41'.9 9. 61441 
Cosec 38 07 .5 0. 20945 
Cosec 15 45 .9 0. 56592 

2)0. 38978 


June 30, 1883. 

Cos 65° 49'.4 9. 61231 
Cosec 39 27 .8 0.19683 
Cosec 15 30 .9 0. 57269 

2)0. 38183 


2)0.38218 

0. 191(19 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 108G8 
Cos 81 22.0 9.17G41 

E 1. 928 0. 28509 


0.18952 
A 0.91759 

F 1.10711 
Cos 8F 24.8 9.17408 

B 1.911 0.28119 


0. 19489 
A 0. 91759 

F 1.11248 
Cos 81 25 .0 9. 17391 


0.19108 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 10867 
Cos 81 22 .6 9. 17591 


0.19(192 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 10851 
Cos 81 23 .9 9. 17483 

E 1. 920 0. 28334 


E 1. 934 0. 28639 


E 1. 926 0. 28458 



July 14, 1883. 

Cos 65- 29'.2 9. 61795 
Cosec 39 23 .0 0. 19756 
Cosec 15 52.2 0.56311 


July 31, 1883. 

Cos 64° 57'.2 9.62671 
Cosec 39 13 .5 0. 19903 
Cosec 16 05 .7 0. 55716 

2)0. 38290 


August 14, 

Cos 65° 54'.0 
Cosec 39 14 .7 
Cosec 15 36 .8 

A 

F 

Cos 81 19 .2 

E 1. 933 


1883. 

9. 61101 
0. 19884 
0. 57002 

2)0. 37987 






2)0. 37862 


0. 18931 
A 0. 91759 

F 1. 10690 
Cos 81 19.2 9.17873 


0. 19145 
A 0.91759 


0.18994 
0. 91759 


F 1. 10904 
Cos 81 19.2 9.17873 


1. 10753 
9. 17873 


E 1. 930 0. 28563 


B 1. 940 0. 28777 


0. 28626 



Recapitulation of results for horizontal component of 
force H by Dr. Lloyd's method. 



1882. 

June 16 
18 
19 

July 17 
18 
19 

Aug. 17 
18 
19 


B. 

1.937 
1.960 
1.938 


1882. 

Aug. 31 

! Sept. 14 

30 

Oct. 14 

31. 

! 
i 

j Nov. 16 
30 

j Dec. 14 

1 


B. 

1.921 
1.933 
1.947 ; 


1883. 

Jan. 1 

14 
31 

Feb. 14 

28 

Mar. 14 
31 

Apr. 14 


B. 

1. 928 
1. 972 1 
1.931 

! 
1.944 

1.911 


1883. 
Apr. 30 

May 14 

31 


B. 

1.924 


1.918 

1.926 
1.930 

1.928 


1.945 


1.934 


1.958 
1.958 
1.957 


1. 9G9 
1.947 


i- 932 II June 14 

Til 30 


1.939 
1. 920 


1.958 

1.943 
1.917 


1.958 






1.929 

17930 - 

1. 940 


i 


1.930 
1.931 
1.929 


1.923 I 
1.834 

1. 928 
1.911 


July 14 
31 

Aug. 14 


1.930 
1. 928 


1.935 
~ L933 


1.930 



APPENDIX No. 6. 

MEMORANDUM RESPECTING MAGNETICALLY DISTURBED AND UNDISTURBED DATS AT UGLA- 

AMIE, ALASKA, 1882-'83. 

Computing Division, Coast and Geodetic Survey, December 6, 1884. 

A complete examination was made of the tabulated observations at Uglaamie of variations 
in declination and in the horizontal and vertical components of the earth's magnetism — for all 
those days on which disturbances were observed at other polar stations and for those days which 
were selected as normal or quiet days — according to circular No. 39, issued by Dr. Wild, president 
of the International Polar Commission. 

Our series with the Brooke differential instruments commences with September 12, 1882, and 
for these instruments it was found that for every one of the 21 days, designated as disturbed at other 
stations, disturbances occurred at Uglaamie in the declination and in the horizontal force and gen- 
erally also in the vertical force, as may be seen in the accompanying list. Certain times, extending 
over several days, present themselves very prominently, and these may aptly be designated as 
times of stormy magnetic weather, suggesting their collective study. 

Respecting the so-called quiet days (steady condition of magnetism) it is not so easy to make 
any positive statement, for the reason that the normal or undisturbed observations have not yet 
been reported and treated by themselves, hence only an indistinct idea as to the limits of variability 
can at present be had. In general the days mentioned as quiet were also found to be so at Ugla- 
amie, yet there are exceptions, and in particular the horizontal force appears to have been rather 
restless. The Uglaamie record would exclude the following days from the table of quiet days and 
place them among those of ordinary ones, viz : 1882, September 30, declination and horizontal 
force agitated; 1883, February 8, ditto; March 15, declination, horizontal and vertical force 
agitated; May 15, horizontal and vertica force excited; June 11, ditto. 
Respectfully submitted by 

CHAS. A. SOHOTT, 

Assistant. 

J. E. Hilgard, 

Superintendent United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



UGLAAMIE MAGNETIC RECORD, 1882-^83. 

Examination of days of disturbance mentioned in Circular No. 39, issiied by President Wild, Novem- 
ber 8, 1884. 

August 5, 1882 (Observation with inferior instrument). — Declination disturbance commenced 
August 4, and was dying out in the forenoon of August 5. 

October 6, 1882. — Declination greatly disturbed. Horizontal force heavily disturbed. Ver- 
tical force slightly affected. 

October 28, 1882. — Declination slightly disturbed, extending to the 29th. Horizontal force 
greatly disturbed on the 28th and 29th. Vertical force slightly affected. 

November 12 and 13, 1882. — Declination greatly disturbed ; continued to 14th. Strong auroral 
display on both days. Great disturbance of horizontal force on the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th. 
Vertical force disturbance excessive on 12th, 13th, and 14th. 

673 
H. Ex. 44 85 



674 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

November 17 to 20, 1882. — Declination greatly disturbed on these days; brilliant auroral display 
on the 20th. Great disturbance in horizontal force on the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st. Ver- 
tical force but little affected. 

The magnetic equilibrium was disturbed during the entire period, November 12 to November 
21, inclusive, with daily displays of auroras. 

December 20, 21, 1882. — Declination disturbance commenced on the 19th and continued to the 
24th, inclusive. Bright auroras every day. Horizontal force greatly disturbed on the 20th and 
21st. Vertical force slightly, if at all, affected. 

February 24, 25, 27, 28, 1883. — Declination disturbances commence February 22, and extend 
at least to March 3 ; daily auroras, very brilliant February 23, 25, 26, 28, March 2 and 3. Hori- 
zontal force on the 24th and 25th greatly disturbed (already on preceding days, 22d and 23d), 
and continues in a state of unrest to March 3, inclusive. The vertical force appears undisturbed 
on the 24th and 25th, and is but slightly affected on the 28th. 

March 27, 1883. — Declination greatly disturbed on the 27th and 28th. Bright auroras on the 
26th, 27th, and 28th. Days of disturbance of the horizontal force 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 
30th. Vertical force very little affected. 

April 3, 1883. — Declination greatly disturbed April 2 and 3 ; auroras. Great disturbance in 
horizontal force on the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th. Vertical force slightly affected. 

May 21, 22, 1883. — Declination disturbed on the 20th, 21st, and 22d; horizontal force likewise 
Vertical force disturbed on the 21st but not on the 22d. 

June 18, 1883. — Declination greatly disturbed on the 17th, 18th, 19th ; horizontal force dis- 
turbed on the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th. Vertical force apparently normal. 

June 27, 1883. — Large disturbance in declination. Horizontal force disturbed on the 25th, 26th, 
27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th, and very heavily on July 1. Vertical force apparently normal. 



PAET "VII. 



TIDES. 



675 







F, P, F, frame. 
H, hole in ice. 
L, line. 



P, P, pulleys. 
C, connterpoise. 



S, scale. 
V, vernier. 



TIDES. 



Observations of tides at the United States ltnernational Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska, 
were made half-hourly and uninterruptedly for a period of 112 days, beginning at midnight Febru- 
ary 26, and ending with midnight June 17, 1883. This series, consisting of 5,376 observations, is 
complete, not a single reading being missed. These observations form a part of the general series 
of records secured at this station, and were made by the same observers as were the meteorological 
and maguetic observations. 

Six observers were on duty daily, each making all the observations for four hours. These 
observers were Charles Ancor, A. C. Dark, J. A. Guzman, J. E. Maxfleld, John Murdoch, and Middle- 
ton Smith. How faithfully these observers did their duty may be inferred from the fact that not a 
single observation was missed. To make a tidal observation, the observer walked out over the level 
ice to the gauge, about 100 yards from the shore, broke through the ice :n the hole formed since the 
last observation, a half-hour before, scooped out the slush so as to clear the line, and then read the 
scale to the nearest hundredth of a foot. Eeturning to the house, he wrote down this reading, 
together with the hour, the direction of the wind, and the initial of his name. He further noted 
whether the tide had turned since the last observation, and if so, the highest or lowest reading 
reached. This was done by means of a maximum and minimum index, to be described in connec- 
tion with the gauge. When a maximum or minimum reading occurred between the half-hourly 
readings, this fact is noted in the record, but is not here reproduced, as it does not appear to much 
increase the knowledge afforded by the record as here printed. The record was kept in duplicate, 
the second or duplicate copy being made daily, and thus kept up with the original. 

Although wiud observations were made half-hourly in connection with these tidal observations, 
nevertheless it is believed that the regular hourly observations of wind and atmospheric pressure 
will afford all the necessary data for determining the fluctuations of sea-level due to meteorological 
causes ; for these reasons the half-hourly obsei'vations are not here printed. 

Gauge. — The gauge was constructed at the station in February, 1883, and put in position so 
that observations began on the 26th, as before mentioned. No photograph of the gauge was made, 
but a drawing to scale appears on the plate opposite, from which its method of operation will be 
readily understood. 

FFF is a wooden frame-work standing on the ice over the hole H. A line, L, passes from the 
200 pound anchor through the hole H x>ver pulleys PP, and terminates at the counterpoise ; this 
counterpoise weighing about 20 pounds. A fixed wooden scale, S, attached to the frame of the 
gauge, was subdivided to feet and tenths and hundredths, and to the line was attached an index 
which, moving along the scale, gave readings showing the stage of the tide. 

The zero of the scale was placed low down, and the numbers increased upward and downward 
from this zero. The numbers above zero were considered positive ( + ) and those below it negative 
( — ). When the tide rose, the ice, the gauge, and all its appurtenances were lifted up, and in such 
manner that the difference between any two index readings would indicate the change of level 
between the readings. 

From the construction, as well as from observation, therefore, we see that increasing numbers 
indicate rising tide and diminishing numbers falling tide. 

In order to record automatically the heights of high and low water, a self- registering index 
was adjusted as follows: 

677 



678 EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 

A piece of cod line was stretched along tlie face of the scale and led through an ivory stud 
attached to the counterpoise. This ivory stud coincided with the zero of the vernier or reading 
index. On either side of this stud cork slides were attached to the cod line and were pushed one 
up, the other down, with rising and falling tide, respectively. Attached to these corks were brass 
verniers moving along the scale and enabling close readings to be made. The highest and lowest 
readings of the sea-level falling between the regular half-hourly observations were thus 
automatically recorded. 

Location of gauge. — The gauge was placed on the shore ice due west from the station and 
at a distance of about 100 yards from the beach. The water at the hole was 1 7 feet deep at mean 
low water. The ice was level, and at the beginning of observations in February was 4^ feet thick 
and at the close of observations in June was 5 feet thick. 

About one mile and a half from the beach and parallel with it is a bar having about 3 fathoms 
water upon it. On this bar the heavy pack-ice grounds and thus leaves the inshore ice compara- 
tively undisturbed. During this entire series of observations the ice remained undisturbed except 
in elevation. The anchor remained unmoved and the line hung free in the middle of the hole. 
The accumulations of ice on the side of the hole were chopped away each day. That the ice, how- 
ever, rose and fell was obvious, independent of the gauge readings, for along the " ice foot " at the 
beach the rise and fall was clearly seen, though there was never open water between the beach and 
the gauge, except for a few moments when the general level of ice would break off from the " ice 
foot " with falling or rising tide and make a narrow seam, which was soon after solidly frozen over. 

In this location the gauge was practically free from local peculiarities and so disposed as to 
give the fluctuations of level in the open ocean. 

Time. — The observations were made on local mean time. At intervals of one, two, or three 
weeks, as the weather permitted, time observations were made with transit or sextant, for the reg- 
ulation of the standard chronometer upon which all other time- pieces depended. 

Flood tides came from the southward and westward and there was a prevailing current setting 
to the northeast. The ebb current slackened but did not reverse this current. 

The daily rise and fall of tide is quite small, being about 6 or 7 inches, but during the series 
of observations the level of the sea varied more than 3 feet. 

"he duplicate record has been placed in the hands of the superintendent of the Coast and 
Geodetic Survey for reduction, discussion, and publication. A preliminary discussion has been 
made, from which enough of the peculiarities of _ these Arctic tides have been brought out to show 
that a more complete analysis, study, and comparison with other Arctic tides is desirable. It has 
been deemed desirable to substitute here the original record of observations for this preliminary 
discussion and to give the full discussion hereafter. This discussion will be made and published 
by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



679 



Tidal observations at the United States International Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska, 1883. 

(Half-hourly readings made on local mean time. Heights expressed in feet. Increasing numbers denote rising tide.] 



Hour. 


Feb. 26 


Feb. 27 


Fek?28 


Mar. 1 


Mar. 2 


Mar. 3 


Mar. 4 


Mar. 5 


Mar. 6 


Mar. 7 


Mar. 8 


Mar. 9 


Mar.10 


Mar.ll 


Mar.12 


Mar.13 


0. 5.... 


1.14 


1.23 


1.90 


2.23 


1.17 


1.99 


1.53 


2.59 


1.78 


1.95 


2.63 


2.39 


1.67 


0.23 


0.39 


1.90 


1.0.... 


1.09 


1.26 


1.97 


2.23 


1.18 


2.03 


1.51 


2.56 


1.75 


1.93 


2.60 


2.36 


1.62 


0.23 


0.46 


1.93 


1.5.... 


1.13 


1.33 


2.05 


2.25 


1.21 


2.02 


1.54 


2.52 


1.71 


1.89 


2.54 


2.32 


1.57 


0.19 


0.50 


1.97 


2.0.-.. 


1.19 


1.38 


2.08 


2.26 


1.12 


2.00 


1.58 


2.50 


1.69 


1.84 


2.52 


2.30 


1.53 


0.17 


0.53 


2.01 


2.5 .- 


1.23 


1.38 


2.16 


2.29 


1.22 


2.00 


1.64 


2.47 


1.66 


1.77 


2.48 


2.21 


1.48 


0.14 


0.54 


1.96 


3.0... 


1.18 


1.35 


2.20 


2.29 


1.08 


1.99 


1.67 


2.46 


1.62 


1.69 


2.43 


2.14 


1.36 


+ 0.10 


0.56 


1.95 


8.5.--. 


1.07 


1.31 


2.17 


2.30 


1.05 


1.98 


1.72 


2.46 


1.55 


1.66 


2.36 


2.05 


1.25 


-0.02 


0.56 


1.94 


4.0.--. 


1.02 


1.28 


2.17 


2.27 


1.03 


1.98 


1.68 


2.43 


1.55 


1.66 


2.34 


1.98 


1.20 


-0.05 


0.55 


1.89 


4.5 -. 


1.02 


1.28 


2.19 


2.22 


1.06 


1.95 


1.67 


2.42 


1.54 


1.69 


2.30 


1.90 


1.0S 


—0.(8 


0.51 


1.85 


5.0.--. 


0.91 


1.28 


2.17 


2.22 


1.14 


1.95 


1.81 


2.42 


1.60 


1.73 


2.31 


1.85 


1.03 


-0.22 


0.48 


1.81 


5.5.... 


0.86 


1.25 


2.18 


2.20 


1.02 


1.95 


1.76 


2.46 


1.63 


1.69 


2.32 


L79 


0.98 


-0.31 


0.45 


1.72 


6.0 ... 


0.83 


1.19 


2.15 


2.11 


1.02 


1. 95 


1.81 


2.46 


1.62 


1.78 


2.35 


1.68 


0.80 


-0.36 


0.43 


1.06 


6.5.--. 


0.82 


1.14 


2.14 


2.04 


0.97 


1.92 


1.85 


2.48 


1.71 


1.83 


2.38 


1.68 


0.87 


-0.38 


0.43 


1.611 


7.0. ... 


0.78 


1.13 


2.13 


2.04 


0.88 


1.91 


1.90 


2.49 


1.72 


1.99 


2.42 


1.73 


0.85 


-0.40 


0.43 


1. 58 


7.5... 


0.73 


1.10 


2.12 


2.01 


0.84 


1.84 


1.94 


2.46 


1.76 


2.04 


2.47 


1.77 


0.83 


-0.38 


0.45 


1. . r ;5 


8.0.--- 


0.68 


1.09 


2.08 


1.99 


0.84 


1.81 


1.94 


2.46 


1.84 


2.05 


2.50 


1.81 


0.85 


-0.39 


0.51 


1.52 


8.5..-. 


0.69 


1.11 


2.07 


1.89 


0.86 


1.80 


1.99 


2.44 


1.92 


2.10 


2.54 


1.90 


0.89 


-0.35 


0.55 


1.51 


9.0. ... 


0.69 


1.13 


2.09 


1.87 


0.90 


1.76 


2.03 


2.43 


1.92 


2.15 


2.57 


1.97 


0.93 


-0.30 


0.02 


1.51 


9.5... 


0.70 


1.16 


2.10 


1.87 


0.83 


1.75 


2.04 


2.43 


1.94 


2.28 


2.65 


2.04 


1.00 


-0.27 


0.70 


LC2 


10. U.-.. 


0.71 


1.20 


2.11 


1.81 


0.84 


1.74 


2.03 


2.39 


1.92 


2.32 


2.69 


2.07 


1.09 


-0.18 


0.83 


1. 54 


10.5..-. 


0.72 


1.24 


2.13 


1.82 


0.86 


1.74 


2.06 


2.34 


1.93 


2.33 


2.69 


2.10 


1.10 


-0.12 


0.92 


1.57 


11.0.... 


0.72 


1.27 


2.17 


1.82 


0.84 


1.72 


2.07 


2.33 


1.94 


2.33 


2.70 


2.12 


1.14 


-0.05 


1.00 


1.61 


11. 5. . . . 


0.72 


1.33 


2.20 


1.83 


0.87 


1.71 


2.13 


2.36 


1.92 


2.34 


2.70 


2.15 


1.18 


+0. 01 


1.11 


J. GO 


Noon . . 


0.72 


1.34 


2.22 


1.84 


0.87 


1.71 


2.13 


2.23 


1.91 


2.39 


2.79 


■2.15 


1.18 


0.08 


1.20 


1.75 


12. 1 5.... 


0.72 


1.43 


2.23 


1.84 


1.02 


1.71 


2.14 


2.16 


1.85 


2.37 


2.63 


2.15 


1.18 


0.12 


1.36 


1.78 


13 0.... 


1.07 


1.51 


2.27 


1.87 


1.12 


1.70 


2.16 


2.08 


1.83 


2.23 


2.58 


2.13 


1.18 


0. 15 


1.42 


1.85 


13.5... 


1.09 


1.54 


2.28 


1.87 


1.18 


l.{18 


2.16 


2.03 


1.82 


2.23 


2.53 


2.07 


1.13 


0.17 


1.49 


1.90 


14.0.-.. 


1.10 


1.61 


2.29 


1.86 


1.53 


1.67 


2.17 


2.00 


1.75 


2.23 


2.47 


2.01 


1.05 


0.15 


1.58 


1.93 


14.5.... 


1.11 


1.03 


2.32 


1.86 


1.31 


1.67 


2.17 


1.97 


1.68 


2.20 


2.38 


1.95 


0.95 


0.15 


1. Gl 


1.93 


15.0... 


1.12 


1.66 


2.32 


1.86 


1.38 


1.72 


2.18 


1.94 


1.66 


2.15 


2.31 


1.87 


0.84 


0.14 


1.03 


1.93 


15.5...- 


1.12 


1.60 


2.33 


1.86 


1.40 


1.72 


2.25 


1.93 


1.65 


2.14 


2.23 


1.74 


0.74 


11 


1.63 


1.92 


1G.0 


1.12 


. 1.67 


2.33 


1.80 


1.58 


1.74 


2.30 


1.95 


1.63 


2.10 


2.16 


1.63 


0.62 


+0.01 


1.63 


1.86 


10.5.... 


1.09 


1.08 


2.33 


1.85 


1.62 


1.75 


2.40 


1.91 


1.64 


2.08 


2.12 


1.56 


0.47 


-0.05 


1. 03 


1.83 


17.(1.... 


1.00 


1. 05 


2.33 


1.82 


1.09 


1.80 


2.41 


1.92 


1.64 


2.07 


2.09 


1.47 


0.35 


-0.16 


1.G2 


1.76 


17.5.... 


0.99 


1.03 


2.33 


1.81 


1.72 


1.80 


2.46 


1.92 


1.68 


2.08 


2.08 


1.41 


0.25 


-0.22 


1.58 


1.71 


18.0.-.. 


0.95 


1.61 


2.33 


1.72 


1.73 


1.80 


2.49 


1.93 


1.72 


2.09 


2.07 


1.34 


0.16 


-0.25 


1. 55 


1. G5 


18. 5 . - . 


0. 87 


1.57 


2.33 


1.70 


1.76 


1.78 


2.53 


1.91 


1.72 


2.11 


2.08 


1.31 


0.09 


-0.28 


1.51 


1.57 


19.0- — 


89 


1.57 


2.33 


1.63 


1.87 


1.79 


2.57 


1.92 


1.80 


2.23 


2.12 


1.34 


+0.02 


-0.30 


1.49 


1.50 


19 5.... 


0.87 


1.57 


2.31 


1.47 


1.91 


1.79 


2.57 


1.92 


1.85 


2.24 


2.14 


1.35 


-0. 02 


-0 30 


1.48 


1.45 


20. ... . 


0.86 


1. 55 


2.29 


1.46 


1.92 


1.78 


2.58 


1.93 


1.92 


2.39 


2.19 


1.36 


-0. 03 


-0.29 


1.46 


1.39 


20.5.... 


0.85 


3.55 


2.26 


1.36 


1.93 


1.75 


2.59 


1.94 


1.95 


2.44 


2.27 


1.48 


+0.01 


-0.29 


1.46 


1.36 


21.0 


0.85 


1.56 


2.26 


1.34 


1.94 


1.73 


2.60 


1.95 


1.99 


2.51 


2.30 


1.49 


0.01 


-0.27 


1.57 


1.36 


21.5.... 


0.88 


1.59 


2.26 


1,36 


1.95 


1.70 


2.61 


1.93 


2.03 


2.55 


2.34 


1.52 


0:02 


-0.21 


1.57 


1.35 


22. ... . 


0.96 


1.63 


2.23 


1.34 


1.94 


1.08 


2.62 


1.92 


2.07 


2.57 


2.38 


1.58 


0.06 


-0.13 


1.59 


1.86 


22.5.... 


0.92 


1.67 


2.22 


1.25 


1.95 


1.63 


2.62 


1.90 


2.07 


2.59 


2.39 


1.60 


0.11 


-0.03 


1.66 


1.36 


23.0.... 


1.04 


1.72 


2.22 


1.26 


1.96 


1.62 


2.62 


1.82 


2.05 


2.60 


2.42 


1.63 


0.16 


+0.07 


1.70 


1.37 


23.5.... 


1. 1 5 


1.75 


2.21 


L26 


■ 1.97 


1.61 


2.62 


1.80 


2.05 


2.61 


2.42 


l.Cl 


0.18 


0.18 


1.76 


1.41 


Mithi't 


1.20 


1.79 


2.21 


1.27 


1.99 


1.57 


2.59 


1.80 


2.02 


2.63 


2.43 


1.65 


0.22 


0.27 


1.81 


1.46 



Hour. 


Mac 14 i 


Mar. 15 


Mar. 16 


Mar. 17 


Mar. 18 


Mar. 19 


Mar. 20 


Mar. 21 


Mar. 22 


Mar. 23 


Mar. 24 


Mar. 25 


Mar. 26 


Mar. 27 


Mar. 28 


Mar. 29 


0.5... 


1.49 


1.24 


0. 29 


0.52 


1.38 


1.52 


2.01 


1.81 


2.02 


3.12 


2.44 


3.17 


2.39 


2.78 


2.64 


2.90 


1.0 ... 


1.51 


1.25 


0.29 


0.52 


1.34 


1.50 


1.97 


1.76 


1.97 


3.10 


2.45 


3.16 


2.36 


2.86 


2.55 


2.93 


1.5 ... 


1.56 


1.26 


0.30 


53 


1.34 


1.47 


1.93 


1.74 


1.91 


3.06 


2.45 


3.15 


2.32 


3.00 


2.52 


2.95 


2.0... 


1.57 


1.27 


0.32 


0.58 


1.35 


1.47 


1.90 


1.71 


1.83 


2.99 


2.45 


3.12 


2.24 


3.03 


2.47 


2.96 


2.5.... 


1.59 


1.28 


0.36 


0. 65 


1.37 


1.46 


1.85 


1.65 


1.83 


2.90 


2.44 


3.08 


2.13 


3.07 


2.39 


2.96 


3.0.... 


1.5!) 


1.28 


0.37 


0.69 


1.38 


1.48 


1.83 


1.62 


1.83 


2.83 


2.41 


3.01 


2.03 


3.08 


2.30 


2.96 


3.5... 


' 


1.28 


0.38 


0.70 


1.41 


1.50 


1.83 


1.56 


1.84 


2.78 


2.46 


2.92 


1.98 


3.07 


2.16 


2.90 


4.0... 


1.58 


1.26 


0.38 


0.72 


1.42 


1.46 


1.78 


1.55 


1.77 


2.71 


2.40 


2.83 


1.89 


3.07 


2.05 


2.97 


4 5 


1.57 


1 22 


0.37 


0.73 


1.43 


1.48 


1.79 


1.58 


1.72 


2.69 


2.42 


2.74 


1.78 


3.04 


1.98 


2.97 


5. ... . 


1.51 


i.iu 


0.32 


9.78 


1.44 


1.49 


1.80 


1.50 


1.78 


2.70 


2.40 


2.65 


1.66 


2.97 


1.85 


2.96 


5. 5. . . . 


1.47 


1.11 


0.28 


0.82 


1.47 


1.50 


1.82 


1.64 


1.79 


2.70 


2.40 


2.60 


1.60 


2.90 


1.78 


2.92 


6.0... 


1.41 


1. ill 


0.24 


0.84 


1.50 


1.55 


1.87 


1.56 


1.83 


2.66 


2.46 


2.57 


1.48 


2.89 


1.76 


2.84 


6.5.... 


1.40 


1 


0. 24 


0.88 


1.51 


1.55 


1.90 


1.58 


1.91 


2.59 


2.50 


2.55 


1.40 


2.85 


1.78 


2.84 


7.O.... 




0. 95 


0.22 


0.88 


1.50 


1.60 


1.92 


1.75 


1.93 


2.58 


2.55 


2.54 


1.36 


2 85 


L67 


2.83 


7.5 .. 


1.30 


0.89 


0.20 


0.89 


1.56 


1.64 


1.98 


1.79 


1.92 


2.58 


2.55 


2.54 


1.32 


2.90 


1.65 


2.79 


8.O.... 


1.2S 


0.84 


0. 13 


0.89 


1.57 


1.66 


1.99 


1.79 


2.00 


2.63 


2.55 


2.57 


1.28 


2.96 


1.65 


2.78 


8.5.... 


1.2". 


0.80 


0.10 


0.90 


1.57 


1.72 


2.03 


1.84 


2.10 


2.68 


2.60 


2.59 


1.30 


3.10 


1.68 


2.78 


9. ... . 


1.25 


0.73 


0.06 


0.95 


1.58 


1.77 


2.03 


1.91 


2.14 


2.71 


.2.71 


2.63 


1.27 


3.21 


1.71 


2.78 


9.5 ... 


1.25 


0.70 


0.02 


0.97 


1.58 


1.78 


2.03 


1.96 


2.23 


2.72 


2.82 


2.68 


1.31 


3.23 


1.80 


2.78 


10. C... 


1.26 


0.67 


0.00 


0.97 


1.58 


1.79 


2.05 


2.02 


2.32 


2.72 


2.87 


2.73 


1.32 


3.37 


1.89 


2.80 


10.5.... 


1.27 


0.68 


0.00 


0.98 


1.57 


1.79 


2.02 


2.05 


2.38 


2.73 


2.92 


2.82 


1.34 


3.44 


2.02 


2.81 


11.0.... 


1.29 


0. G4 


0.02 


0.99 


1.53 


1.77 


2.04 


2.06 


2.38 


2.69 


2.96 


2.89 


1.34 


3.47 


2.05 


2.82 


11.5 ... 


1.31 


0.62 


0.03 


0.99 


1.49 


1.75 


2.00 


2.08 


2.35 


2.70 


2.99 


2.94 


1.37 


3.00 


2.17 


2.83 


Noon . . 


1.41 


0. 61 


0.03 


0.99 


1.47 


1.71 


1.89 


2.04 


2.42 


2.67 


2.99 


3.01 


1.42 


3.73 


2.29 


2.85 


12 5 


1.47 


0. G5 


0.04 


0.97 


1.46 


1.66 


1.88 


2.04 


2.42 


2.61 


2.98 


3.14 


1.46 


3.77 


2.36 


2.92 


13.0... 


1.52 


0.66 


0. 04 


0.97 


1.42 


1.64 


1.80 


1.94 


2.30 


2.57 


2.97 


3.14 


1.49 


3.79 


2.38 


2.96 


13.5.... 


1.58 


0.66 


0.05 


0.97 


1.40 


1.62 


1.84 


1.92 


2.28 


2.51 


2.94 


3.14 


1.50 


3.84 


2.46 


3.02 


14.0.... 


1.62 


0.67 


0.10 


0.99 


1.37 


1.60 


1.74 


1.82 


2.26 


2.42 


2.93 


3.11 


1.52 


3.84 


2.51 


3.04 


14.5.... 


1.66 


0.69 


0.17 


1.03 


1.36 


1.60 


1.71 


1.82 


2.22 


2.30 


2.87 


3.06 


1.53 


3.85 


2.55 


3.04 


15.(1.... 


1.67 


0.70 


0. 21 


1.08 


1.38 


1.60 


1.67 


1.76 


2.17 


2.23 


2.86 


2.96 


1.54 


3.87 


2.61 


3.05 


15.5.... 


1.67 


0.75 


0.25 


1.13 


1.39 


1.61 


1.62 


1.68 


2.20 


2.14 


2.82 


2.87 


1.55 


3.79 


2.64 


3.06 


10.0.... 


1. 68 


0.75 


0.34 


1.18 


1.40 


1.63 


1.59 


1.64 


2.18 


2.09 


2.82 


2.77 


1.58 


3.77 


2.62 


3.03 


10.5.... 


1. 05 


0.74 


0.36 


1.20 


1.41 


1.64 


1.57 


1.68 


2.20 


1.98 


2.76 


2.68 


1.60 


3.71 


2.62 


2.99 


17.0.... 


1.63 


0.72 


0.42 


1.24 


1.43 


1.66 


1.58 


1.G8 


2.16 


1.92 


2.75 


2.60 


1.63 


3.61 


2.65 


2.97 


17.5.... 


1.01 


0.71 


0.39 


1.29 


1.45 


1.69 


1.59 


1.65 


2.17 


1.85 


2.74 


2.50 


1.63 


3.50 


2.67 


2.94 


18.0.... 


1.58 


0.68 


0.41 


1.30 


1.47 


1.77 


1.60 


1.69 


2.16 


1.84 


2.74 


2.49 


1.63 


3.37 


2.65 


2.89 


18.5.... 


1.53 


0.01 


0.42 


1.37 


1.49 


1.83 


1.64 


1.75 


2.20 


1.82 


2.76 


2. 43 


1.63 


3.27 


2.66 


2.82 


19.0.. 


1.49 


0.55 


0.44 


1.39 


1.51 


1.89 


1.69 


1.84 


2.20 


1.81 


2.77 


2.33 


1.68 


3.20 


2. 65 


2.79 


19. 5. . . . 


1.43 


0.54 


0.45 


1.41 


1.57 


1.97 


1.79 


1. 85 


2.30 


1.82 


2.81 


2.33 


1.73 


3.14 


2.68 


2.75 


2C0.... 


1. 35 


0.51 


0.57 


1.38 


1.60 


2.06 


1.80 


1.86 


2.40 


1.87 


2.85 


2.33 


1.83 


3.02 


2.66 


2.72 


2U.5.... 


1. 34 


0.43 


0. 57 


1.37 


1.65 


2.07 


1.82 


1.95 


2.47 


1.95 


".'.Ml 


2.32 


1.89 


2.95 


2.65 


2.68 


21.0.... 


1.29 


0.41 


0. 58 


1.39 


1.64 


2.09 


1. 85 


2.02 


2. 53 


2.03 


2.99 


2. 33 


1.95 


2.91 


2.67 


2. 68 


21.5.... 


1.26 


0.39 


0. 56 


1.42 


1.65 


2.11 


1.89 


2.10 


2.65 


2.09 


3.02 


2. 35 


2.06 


2.88 


2.71 


2.62 


22.0.... 


1. 25 


0.35 


0.54 


1.42 


1.64 


2.11 


1.95 


2.11 


2.72 


2.19 


3. 05 


2 30 


2.19 


2.79 


2. 73 


2.61 


22. 


1.24 


0.28 


0.53 


1.43 


1.64 


2.10 


1.96 


2.07 


2.75 


2.25 


3. 10 


2.38 


2.41 


2.81 


2.76 


2.61 


23.0.... 


1.21 


0.28 


0.53 


1.41 


1.62 


2.09 


1.91 


2.14 


3.00 


2.30 


3.12 


2.40 


2.46 


2. 71 


2.78 


2.59 


23. 5. . . . 


1.21 


0.30 


0.50 


1.43 


1.54 


2.08 


1.88 


2.07 


3.11 


2.34 


3.16 


2.38 


2.00 


2.70 


2.83 


2.59 


Midn't. 


1.24 


0.29 


0.51 


1.41 


1.54 


2.04 


1.84 


2.04 


3.15 


2.39 


3.17 


2.37 


2.67 


2.70 


2.84 


2.57 



680 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



Tidal observations at the United States International Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska, 1883 — Cont'd. 

[Half-houxly readings made on local time. Heights expressed in feet. Inci easing numluus denote rising tide.] 



Hour. 


Mar. 30 


Mar/31 


Apr. 1 


Apr. 2 


Apr. 3 


Apr. 4 


Apr. 5 


Apr. 6 


Apr. 7 


Apr. 8 


Apr. 9 


Apr. 10 


Apr. 11 


Apr. 12 


Apr. n 


Apr. 14 


0.5. ... 


2.62 


2.24 


1.69 


1.21 


1.15 


1.25 


1.04 


1.28 


1.81 


2.00 


2.02 


1.94 


2.29 


2.42 


2.11 


1.45 


1.0.... 


2.62 


2.26 


1.71 


1.21 


1.14 


1.20 


1.00 


1.23 


1.77 


1.98 


1.96 


1.96 


2.35 


2.46 


2.15 


1.48 


1.5... 


2.63 


2.28 


1.71 


1.21 


1.12 


1.16 


0.92 


1.16 


1.70 


1.95 


1.87 


1.97 


2.41 


2.51 


2.22 


1.53 


2.0. ... 


2.64 


2.29 


1.69 


1.19 


1.09 


1.10 


0.87 


1.11 


1.62 


1.89 


1.80 


2.01 


2.41 


2.51 


2.22 


1.52 


2.5.... 


2.66 


2.31 


1.67 


1.18 


1.11 


1.08 


0.84 


1.08 


1. 55 


1.80 


1.72 


2.03 


2.40 


2.49 


2.20 


1.49 


3.O.... 


2.09 


2.31 


1.67 


1.19 


1.14 


1.07 


0.79 


1. 05 


1.46 


1.72 


1.63 


2.00 


2.38 


2. 4G 


2.20 


1.50 


3.5--.. 


2.67 


2.30 


1.65 


1.21 


1.15 


1.09 


0.76 


1.03 


1.41 


1.67 


1.56 


1.95 


2.35 


2.43 


2.L0 


1.48 


4.0. ... 


2.62 


2.29 


1.64 


1.22 


1.15 


1.08 


0.73 


1.00 


1.38 


1.61 


1.50 


1.94 


2.25 


2.42 


2.24 


1.43 


4.5.... 


2.59 


2.28 


1.62 


1.22 


1.18 


1.11 


0.73 


1.01 


1.35 


1.53 


1.40 


1.89 


2.20 


2.39 


2.25 


1.45 


5.0..-. 


2.55 


2.27 


1.63 


1.23 


1.19 


1.16 


0.74 


1.02 


1.34 


1.05 


1.34 


1.86 


2.10 


2. 35 


2.15 


1.43 


5.5-.-. 


2.51 


2.27 


1.65 


1.28 


1.21 


1.20 


0.76 


1.08 


1.34 


1.53 


1.30 


1.81 


2.07 


2.28 


2.07 


1.40 


6.0. ... 


2.49 


2.22 


1.62 


1.28 


1.26 


1.24 


0.82 


1.13 


1.36 


1.54 


1.26 


1.81 


2.02 


2.21 


2.00 


1.38 


6.5.... 


2.43 


2.21 


1.59 


1.28 


1.30 


1.27 


0.87 


1.23 


1.41 


1.57 


1.25 


1,82 


2.00 


2.18 


1.S9 


1.34 


7.0. ... 


2.39 


2.20 


1.48 


1.29 


1.31 


1.30 


0.90 


1.28 


1.48 


1.61 


1.25 


1.77 


1 98 


2.12 


1.92 


1.33 


7.5.... 


2.37 


2.19 


1.52 


1.29 


1.33 


1.33 


0.98 


1.35 


1.57 


1.67 


1.26 


1.80 


1.97 


2.08 


1.87 


1.28 


8.0... 


2.34 


2.14 


1.50 


1.30 


1.34 


1.36 


1.03 


1.44 


1.66 


1.73 


1.30 


1.88 


1.90 


2.04 


1.8.1 


1 26 


8.5.... 


2.32 


2.13 


1.40 


1.31 


1.34 


1.40 


1.08 


1.52 


1.73 


1.85 


1.31 


1.92 


1.98 


2.02 


1.84 


1.20 


9.0-... 


2.30 


2.10 


1.37 


1.26 


1.35 


1.39 


1.10 


1.60 


1.80 


1.94 


1.37 


1.99 


2.00 


2.02 


1.79 


1.18 


9.5.... 


2.30 


2.09 


1.40 


1.23 


1.34 


1.40 


1.12 


1.65 


1.89 


2.04 


1.48 


2.10 


2.04 


2.05 


1.79 


1.18 


10. 0.... 


2.31 


2.11 


1.35 


1.22 


1.30 


1.40 


1.13 


1.69 


1.94 


2.11 


1.52 


2.21 


2.11 


2.09 


1.78 


1.13 


10.5.... 


2.32 


2.11 


1.37 


1.20 


1.28 


1.37 


1.14 


1.75 


2.01 


2.18 


1.61 


2.28 


2.14 


2.14 


1.80 


1.07 


11.0.... 


2.33 


2.10 


1.33 


1.18 


1.28 


1.32 


1.14 


1.75 


2.02 


2.24 


1.64 


2.37 


2.22 


2.16 


1.82 


1.13 


11.5.... 


2.35 


2.10 


1.33 


1.16 


1.23 


1.27 


1.13 


1.74 


2.03 


2.26 


1.71 


2.41 


2.31 


2.20 


1.83 


1.12 


Noon .. 


2.38 


2.13 


1.37 


1/16 


1.20 


1.22 


1.08 


1.72 


2.03 


2.27 


1.73 


2.48 


2.40 


2.26 


1.85 


1.07 


12.5-.-. 


2.42 


2.14 


1.35 


1.16 


1.16 


1.16 


1.04 


1.68 


2.02 


2.27 


1.71 


2.55 


2.44 


2.31 


1.91 


1.08 


13.0.... 


2.47 


2.13 


1.36 


1.14 


1.15 


1.12 


0.98 


1.62 


2.00 


2.25 


1.69 


2.55 


2.52 


2.36 


1.92 


1.10 


13. 5. . . . 


2.50 


2.15 


1.34 


1.14 


1.14 


1.07 


0.91 


1.57 


1.98 


2.17 


1.65 


2.55 


2.54 


2.41 


1.97 


1.16 


14.0.... 


2.53 


2.18 


1.35 


1.14 


1.13 


1.04 


0.S3 


1.51 


1.84 


2.10 


1.55 


2.54 


2.56 


2.46 


2.01 


1.18 


14. 5. . . . 


2.57 


2.21 


1.38 


1.16 


1.13 


1.01 


0.81 


1.46 


1.75 


2.02 


1.38 


2.53 


2.55 


2.47 


2.07 


1.20 


15.0. ... 


2. 19 


2.26 


1.46 


1.17 


1.10 


0.98 


0.76 


1.38 


1.09 


1.91 


1.35 


2.49 


2.55 


2.48 


2.08 


1.19 


15.5.... 


2.60 


2.24 


1.43 


1.18 


1.11 


0.96 


0.76 


1.32 


1.62 


1.84 


1.38 


2.45 


2.55 


2.50 


2.09 


1.26 


16.0.... 


2.58 


2.27 


1.46 


1.20 


1.14 


0.93 


0.74 


1.29 


1.54 


1.76 


1.28 


2.40 


2.52 


2.48 


2.16 


1.29 


16.5.... 


2.58 


2.24 


1.49 


1.22 


1.20 


0.96 


0.74 


1.27 


1.48 


1.71 


1.20 


2.34 


2.50 


2.45 


2.08 


1.30 


17.0.... 


2.54 


2 21 


1.51 


1.29 


1.22 


0.97 


0.76 


1.27 


1.45 


1.63 


1.13 


2.28 


2.45 


2.43 


2.04 


1.31 


17.5.... 


2.54 


2.21 


1.52 


1.28 


1.24 


0.99 


0.80 


1.28 


1.44 


1.56 


1.C9 


2.18 


2.38 


2.40 


2.01 


1.23 


18.0..-. 


2.51 


2.19 


1.51 


1.29 


1.26 


1.02 


0.82 


1.30 


1.45 


1.55 


1.05 


2.12 


2.32 


2.33 


1.95 


1.28 


18. 5.... 


2.48 


2.14 


1.49 


1.30 


1.32 


1.05 


0.90 


1.33 


1.48 


1.54 


1.01 


2.06 


2.29 


2.30 


1.90 


1.31 


19.0.... 


2.45 


2.<.9 


1.47 


1.33 


1.34 


1.11 


0.98 


1.43 


1.57 


1.55 


1.00 


2.03 


2.2E 


2.22 


1.85 


1.26 


19.5.... 


2.39 


2.07 


1.48 


1.35 


1.36 


1.16 


1.04 


1 49 


1.60 


1.56 


1.02 


2.00 


2.20 


2 19 


1.78 


1.24 


20.0.... 


2.35 


2.08 


1.47 


1.36 


1.38 


1.17 


1.09 


1.49 


1.69 


1.60 


1.04 


1.98 


2.17 


2.15 


1.74 


1. 25 


20.5.... 


2.32 


2.08 


1.38 


1.35 


1.39 


1.19 


1.14 


1.63 


1.74 


1.64 


1.15 


1.98 


2.16 


2.09 


1.72 


1.24 


21.0... . 


2.28 


2.0") 


1.36 


1.33 


1.39 


1.20 


1.20 


1.71 


1.79 


1.69 


1.23 


2.03 


2.16 


2.05 


1.63 


1.17 


21.5... . 


2.27 


1.88 


1.32 


1.31 


1.40 


1.22 


1.26 


1.77 


1.84 


1.74 


1.35 


2. C3 


2.17 


2.07 


1.64 


1.07 


22.0.... 


2.23 


1.84 


1.31 


1.29 


1.38 


1.22 


1.30 


1.81 


1.90 


1.81 


1.49 


2.05 


2.20 


2.03 


1.57 


1.17 


22.5.... 


2.21 


1.78 


1.29 


1.25 


1.32 


1.18 


1.32 


1.83 


1.S6 


1.87 


1.56 


2.10 


2.23 


2.03 


1.46 


1.08 


23. 0.... 


2. 19 


1.77 


1.25 


1.21 


1.32 


1.17 


1.31 


1.84 


2.02 


1.90 


1.69 


2.18 


2.27 


2.03 


1.52 


1.05 


23.5.... 


2.21 


1.72 


1.21 


1.17 


1.31 


1.12 


1.30 


1.84 


2.03 


1.94 


1.80 


2.22 


2.35 


2.07 


1.43 


1.03 


Midn't. 


2.24 


1.69 


1.20 


1.17 


1.28 


1.09 


1.30 


1.83 


2.02 


1.98 


1.88 


2.24 


2.37 


2.10 


1.42 


1.00 


Hour. 


Apr. 15 


Apr. 16 


Apr. 17 


Apr. 18 


Apr. 19 


Apr. 20 


Apr. 21 


Apr. 22 


Apr. 23 


Apr. 24 


Apr. 25 


Apr. 26 


Apr. 27 


Apr. 28 


Apr. 29 


Apr. 30 


0. 5.... 


1.02 


1.03 


1.01 


1.18 


1.53 


1.60 


1.86 


1.63 


1.60 


1.53 


1.54 


1.62 


1.45 


1.06 


0. 03 


0.51 


1.0.... 


1.02 


1.01 


0.99 


1.16 


1.51 


1.56 


1.82 


1.61 


1.54 


1.55 


1.54 


1.61 


1.47 


1.09 


0.04 


0.54 


1.5..-. 


1.03 


1.00 


0.90 


1.13 


1.47 


1.55 


1.79 


1.58 


1.51 


1.49 


1.56 


1.65 


1.48 


1.12 


0.67 


0.56 


2.0 


1.03 


1.00 


1.00 


1.07 


1.42 


1.50 


1.77 


1.50 


1.47 


1.45 


1.53 


1.63 


1.48 


1.14 


0.71 


0.59 


2.5.... 


1.04 


1.02 


0.97 


1.06 


1.41 


1.47 


1.73 


1.46 


1.40 


1.41 


1.51 


1.62 


1.47 


1.14 


0.72 


0.05 


3.0.... 


1.04 


1.04 


0.97 


1.06 


1.39 


1.45 


1.67 


1.45 


1.39 


1.36 


1.47 


1.60 


1.46 


1.15 


0.71 


0.05 


3.5.... 


1.10 


1.05 


0.99 


1.07 


1.35 


1.44 


1.64 


1.42 


1.35 


1.32 


1.42 


1.56 


1.44 


1.14 


0.74 


0.04 


4.0.... 


1.14 


1.07 


1.01 


1.08 


1.35 


1.38 


1.-60 


1.37 


1.30 


1.26 


1.41 


1.53 


1.40 


1.10 


0.75 


0. C6 


4.5.... 


1.18 


1.12 


1.03 


1.11 


1.38 


1.40 


1.58 


1.32 


1.24 


1.23 


1.31 


1.47 


1.36 


1.09 


0.74 


0.09 


5.0. ... 


1.18 


1.13 


1.06 


1.15 


1.42 


1.38 


1.56 


1.31 


1.21 


1.18 


1.30 


1.44 


1.34 


1.07 


0.74 


0.09 


5.5.... 


1.18 


1.15 


1.10 


1.20 


1.46 


1.38 


1.55 


1.28 


1.18 


1.18 


1.24 


1.41 


1.30 


1.05 


0.74 


0.09 


6. 0.... 


1.17 


1.18 


1.14 


1.24 


1.50 


1.40 


1.58 


1.30 


1.17 


1.13 


1.20 


1.37 


1.27 


1.01 


70 


0.72 


6.5.... 


1.16 


1.20 


1.17 


1.30 


1.55 


1.43 


1.61 


1.30 


1.17 


1.12 


1.22 


1.34 


1.22 


0.99 


0.67 


0.70 


7.0. ... 


1.15 


1.20 


1.19 


1.35 


1.01 


1.48 


1.63 


1.35 


1.17 


1.13 


1.20 


1.33 


1.19 


94 


0.64 


0.72 


7.5.... 


1.17 


1.23 


1.22 


1.39 


1.65 


1.54 


1.67 


1.40 


1.23 


1.19 


1.22 


1.32 


1.15 


0.93 


0.61 


0.C8 


8.O.... 


1.15 


1.23 


1.25 


1.40 


1.67 


1.58 


1.76 


1.41 


1.29 


1.20 


1.21 


1.32 


1.16 


92 


0. 6L 


0. G5 


8.5.... 


1.10 


1.22 


1.28 


1.42 


1.73 


1.69 


1.83 


1.50 


1.33 


1.22 


1.25 


1.33 


1.10 


0.86 


0.54 


0.03 


9.0. ... 


1.10 


1.21 


1.28 


1.43 


1..75 


1.73 


1.87 


1.55 


1.37 


1.29 


1.31 


1.36 


1.10 


0. 86 


0.53 


00 


9.5.... 


1.09 


1.17 


1.27 


1.46 


1.78 


1.76 


1.92 


1.66 


1.44 


1.37 


1.37 


1 41 


1.17 


0. 84 


0. 55 


0.58 


10.0.... 


1.02 


1.17 


1.27 


1.47 


1.80 


1.79 


1.96 


1.62 


1.49 


1.47 


1.47 


1.50 


1.20 


0.86 


54 


0.58 


10.5.... 


1.02 


1.14 


1.25 


1.47 


1.82 


1.82 


1.98 


1.70 


1.54 


1.52 


1.50 


1 55 


1.22 


0. 88 


0.54 


56 


11.0.... 


0.99 


1.11 


1.23 


1.44 


1.79 


1.83 


1.99 


1.71 


1.57 


1.58 


1.58 


1.62 


1.27 


92 


56 


• 0.54 


11.5. ... 


1.00 


1.09 


1.19 


1.42 


1.76 


1.82 


1.94 


1.75 


1.62 


1.60 


1.63 


1.65 


1.31 


0.96 


0. 50 


0.53 


Noon .. 


0.97 


1.05 


1.14 


1.40 


1.72 


1.78 


1.96 


1.69 


1.63 


1.65 


- 1.64 


1.69 


1.33 


0. £6 


0. 57 


0.53 


12.5.... 


0.97 


1.04 


1.12 


1.32 


1.69 


1.77 


1.92 


1.63 


1.63 


1.70 


1.67 


1.73 


1.38 


0.99 


0.60 


0.54 


13.0.... 


1.00 


1.02 


1.10 


1.28 


1.63 


1.73 


1.85 


1.54 


1.65 


1.71 


1.71 


1.79 


1.43 


1.01 


0.63 


0.54 


13.5.... 


1.02 


1.00 


1.06 


1.24 


1.58 


1.70 


1.78 


1.52 


1.61 


1.71 


1.73 


1.77 


1.45 


1.00 


65 


0.58 


14. 0.... 


1.00 


0.98 


1.04 


1.22 


1.53 


1.64 


1.75 


1.45 


1.55 


1.09 


1.73 


1.77 


1.47 


1.08 


69 


0.59 


14.5.... 


1.02 


1.00 


1.03 


1.20 


1.47 


1.58 


1.68 


1.36 


1.48 


1.66 


1.72 


1.77 


1.48 


1.13 


0.69 


0.62 


15-0.... 


1.04 


0.97 


1.02 


1.18 


1.43 


1.54 


1.61 


1.28 


1.42 


1.58 


1.68 


1.76 


1.48 


1.12 


0.71 


0.65 


15.5.... 


1.10 


0.99 


1.01 


1.17 


1.40 


1.50 


1.53 


1.28 


1.41 


1.55 


1.65 


1.73 


1.44 


1.11 


0.73 


0.69 


16.0.... 


1.11 


1.02 


1.03 


1.18 


1.40 


1.47 


1.45 


1.17 


1.30 


1.48 


1.00 


1.65 


1.41 


1.00 


0.73 


0.70 


16.5.... 


1.13 


1.04 


1.05 


1.18 


1.39 


1.47 


1.44 


1.18 


1.25 


1.43 


1.52 


1.62 


1.36 


1.04 


0.74 


0.73 


17.0.... 


1.16 


1.06 


1.10 


1.25 


1.30 


1.46 


1.41 


1.14 


1.21 


1.37 


1.47 


1.57 


1.33 


0.99 


0.74 


0.75 


17- 5 


1.19 


1.09 


1.11 


1. 20 


1.34 


1.49 


1.37 


1.10 


1.20 


1.32 


1.45 


1.51 


1.29 


0.91 


0.71 


0.76 


18.0.... 


1.20 


1.12 


1.13 


1.31 


1.34 


1.50 


1.38 


1.18 


1.12 


1.27 


1.40 


1.48 


1.23 


0.88 


0.09 


0.80 


18.5.... 


1.21 


1.12 


1.22 


1.34 


1.37 


1.52 


1.39 


1.09 


1.13 


1.25 


1.37 


1.40 


LIS 


0.82 


0. 06 


0.78 


19.0.... 


1.23 


1.13 


1.22 


1.37 


1.40 


1.55 


1.41 


1.16 


1.13 


1.23 


1.33 


1.36 


1.15 


0.80 


0.62 


0.77 


19.5.... 


1.23 


1.14 


1.25 


1.42 


1.43 


1.59 


1.42 


1.23 


1.13 


1.24 


1.35 


1.32 


1.09 


0.74 


0. 59 


0.74 


20.0.... 


1.18 


1.14 


1.5t) 


1.47 


1.48 


1.68 


1.45 


1.25 


1.17 


1.29 


1.35 


1.31 


1.06 


0.67 


0.57 


0.73 


20-5.... 


1.17 


1.14 


1.30 


1.51 


1.57 


1.71 


1.54 


1.26 


1.21 


1.27 


1.33 


1.30 


1.03 


0. 04 


0.52 


0.73 


21.0.... 


1.17 


1.14 


1.33 


1.54 


1.00 


1.79 


1.56 


1.37 


1.27 


1.32 


1.34 


1.29 


1.00 


0.00 


0.50 


0.73 


21- 5 


1.14 


1.12 


1.36 


1.59 


1.63 


1.82 


1.60 


1.38 


1.36 


1.34 


1.38 


1.29 


1.00 


0.58 


0.46 


0.68 


22.0.... 


1.13 


1.13 


1.31 


1.59 


1.68 


1.87 


1.03 


1.46 


1.39 


1.38 


1.45 


1.30 


0.98 


0.57 


0.46 


0.70 


22.5.... 


1.09 


1.10 


1.30 


1.61 


1.09 


1.90 


1.67 


1.46 


1.44 


1.43 


1.51 


1.30 


1.00 


0.56 


0.45 


0.71 


23-0.... 


1.09 


1.05 


1.28 


1.57 


1.70 


1.91 


1.69 


1.51 


1.46 


1.46 


1.55 


1.33 


1.02 


0.57 


0.44 


0.69 


23- 5. . . . 


1.07 


1.05 


1.27 


1.57 


1.68 


1.90 


1.68 


1.55 


1.48 


1.52 


1.60 


1.37 


1.03 


0.58 


0.44 


0.62 


Midn't. 


1.06 


1.03 


1.20 


1.54 


1.63 


1.90 


1.67 


1.58 


1.49 


1.52 


1.62 


1.43 


1.04 


0.03 


0.49 


0.C2 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEBOW, ALASKA. 



681 



Tidal observations at the United States International Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska, 1883 — Cont'd. 

[Half-hourly readings made on local mean time. Heights expressed in feet. Increasing nnm bers denote rising tide.] 



Honr. 


May 1. 


May 2. 


May 3. 


May 4. 


May 5. 


May 6. 


May 7. 


May 8. 


May 9. 


May 10. 


May 11. 


May 12. 


May 13. 


May 14. 


May 15. 


May 16. 


O.5.... 


0.61 


0.40 


0.64 


0.99 


1.21 


2.07 


1.61 


1.87 


1.51 


1.56 


1.49 


1.14 


1.16 


1.22 


1.42 


1.41 


1.0.... 


0.65 


0.39 


0.60 


0.95 


1.17 


2.00 


1.60 


1.86 


1.52 


1.65 


1.52 


1.20 


1.20 


1.28 


1.43 


1.42 


1.5... 


0.68 


0.38 


0.58 


0.93 


1.15 


1.98 


1.57 


1.83 


1.52 


1.73 


1.52 


1.23 


1.24 


1.32 


1.45 


1.44 


2.O.... 


0.70 


0.38 


0.50 


0.92 


1.12 


1.90 


1.53 


1.80 


1.53 


1.79 


1.52 


1.27 


1.32 


1.35 


1.49 


1.45 


2.5.... 


0.72 


0.41 


0.58 


0.97 


1.10 


1.79 


1.48 


1.76 


1.49 


1.78 


1.52 


1.32 


1.31 


1.43 


1.57 


1.46 


3.0--.. 


0.73 


0.45 


0.57 


0.94 


1.17 


1.72 


1.44 


1.70 


1.42 


1.75 


1.52 


1.36 


1.33 


1.52 


1.57 


1.48 


3.5.... 


0.70 


0.50 


0.59 


0.98 


1.15 


1.69 


1.38 


1.64 


1.34 


1.74 


1.52 


1.35 


1.37 


1.56 


1.59 


1.52 


4.0.-.. 


0.77 


0.54 


0.68 


1.01 


1.18 


1.66 


1.34 


1.61 


1.28 


1.73 


1.48 


1.37 


1.38 


1.58 


1.63 


1.56 


4.5.... 


0.81 


0.58 


0.71 


1.00 


1.26 


1.60 


1.33 


1.56 


1.20 


1.70 


1.42 


1.37 


1.38 


1.61 


1.66 


1.58 


5.O.... 


0.84 


0.61 


0.73 


1.07 


1.33 


1.60 


1.32 


1.51 


1.15 


1.65 


1.39 


1.37 


1.38 


1.62 


1.69 


1.61 


5.5... 


0.84 


0.63 


0.82 


1.09 


1.39 


1.60 


1.34 


1.50 


1.12 


1.62 


1.33 


1.36 


1.38 


1.62 


1.72 


1.63 


6.0..-. 


0.86 


0.64 


0.88 


1.14 


1.44 


1.60 


1.39 


1.49 


1.08 


1.56 


1. 28 


1.33 


1.37 


1.62 


1.72 


1.66 


6.5.... 


0.86 


0.66 


0.94 


1.24 


1.54 


1.62 


1.45 


1.48 


1.04 


1.53 


1.22 


1.24 


1.35 


1.63 


1.73 


1.69 


7.0.... 


0. 86 


0.68 


0.96 


1.27 


1.63 


1.68 


1.50 


1.50 


1.04 


1.52 


1.19 


1.22 


1.34 


1.63 


1.75 


1.72 


7.5.... 


0.83 


0.70 


0.99 


1.36 


1.68 


1.69 


1.54 


1.52 


1.05 


1.53 


1.14 


1.21 


1.29 


1.63 


1.76 


1.75 


8.O.... 


0.83 


0.72 


1.00 


1.35 


1.84 


1.73 


1.66 


1.54 


1.06 


1.54 


1.12 


1.13 


1.28 


1.62 


1.75 


1.77 


8.5.... 


0.81 


0.73 


1.02 


1.36 


1.96 


1.80 


1.73 


1.63 


1.08 


1.56 


1.11 


1.13 


1.22 


1.60 


1.73 


1.78 


9.O.... 


0.79 


0.72 


1.00 


1.37 


2.05 


1.82 


1.81 


1.69 


1.19 


1.60 


1.11 


1.12 


1.22 


1.58 


1.70 


1.78 


9.5.... 


0.75 


0.68 


1.01 


1.37 


2.13 


1.99 


1.88 


1.78 


1.23 


1.62 


1.11 


1.12 


1.20 


1.56 


1.65 


1.77 


10.0... 


0.73 


0.63 


0.96 


1.39 


2.25 


2.01 


1.92 


1.83 


1.32 


1.66 


1.12 


1.11 


1.19 


1. 50 


1.62 


1.77 


10.5... 


0.70 


0.59 


0.98 


1.38 


2.27 


2.02 


1.97 


1.88 


1.37 


1.77 


1.14 


1.13 


1.14 


1.49 


1.63 


1.73 


11.0.... 


0.66 


0.53 


0.90 


1.29 


2.31 


2.03 


2.04 


1.96 


1.42 


1.80 


1.19 


1.16 


1.16 


1.44 


1.59 


1.70 


11. 5. . . . 


0.61 


0.42 


0.90 


1.21 


2.33 


2.04 


2.06 


1.98 


1.47 


1.82 


1.24 


1.19 


1.18 


1.45 


1.57 


1.65 


Noon .. 


0.60 


0.43 


a 77 


1.10 


2.33 


2.03 


2.05 


2.00 


1.53 


1.84 


1.28 


1.22 


1.18 


1.46 


1.56 


1.62 


12.5.... 


0.55 


0.41 


0.74 


1.08 


2.31 


1.98 


2.08 


2.00 


1.60 


1.92 


1.30 


1.24 


1.19 


1.44 


1.57 


1.60 


13.0.... 


0.55 


0.40 


0.67 


1.02 


2.27 


1.91 


2.05 


2.00 


1.62 


1.98 


1.33 


1.31 


1.20 


1.44 


1.56 


1.57 


13. 5. . . . 


0.54 


0.38 


0.62 


0.98 


2.24 


1.84 


2.05 


1.97 


1.65 


2.04 


1.37 


1.34 


1.25 


1.45 


1.54 


1.55 


14.0 


0.54 


0.34 


0.58 


0.97 


2.17 


1.78 


1.98 


1.97 


1.65 


2.04 


1.40 


1.37 


1.28 


1.48 


1.57 


1.52 


14.5.... 


0.55 


0.35 


0.61 


0.85 


2.14 


1.70 


1.92 


1.88 


1.65 


2.04 


1.37 


1.39 


1.30 


1.50 


1.57 


1.51 


15.0.... 


0.56 


0.35 


0.62 


0.80 


2.05 


1.60 


1.82 


1.80 


1.63 


2.01 


1.37 


1.42 


1.30 


1.51 


1.58 


1.49 


15.5... 


0.60 


0.36 


0.01 


0.79 


2.03 


1.49 


1.77 


1.72 


1.63 


1.98 


1.37 


3.44 


1.30 


1.51 


1.59 


1.49 


16.0.... 


0.60 


0.40 


0.63 


0.76 


2.02 


1.40 


1.69 


1.63 


1.60 


1.89 


1.34 


1.44 


1.31 


1.53 


I.61 


1.52 


16.5.... 


0.64 


0.43 


0.64 


0.84 


2.00 


1.36 


1.62 


1.55 


1.51 


1.84 


1.30 


1.43 


1.33 


1.58 


1.61 


1.53 


17.0.... 


0.62 


0.44 


0.72 


0.81 


1.98 


1.28 


1.57 


1.47 


1.41 


1.71 


1.21 


1.40 


1.34 


1.59 


1.64 


1.53 


17.5.... 


0.66 


0.47 


0.72 


0.81 


1.97 


1.23 


1.55 


1.39 


1.36 


1.68 


1.18 


1.35 


1.32 


1.62 


1.66 


1.54 


18.0... 


0.67 


0.50 


0.76 


0.86 


1.98 


1.24 


1.51 


1.34 


1.27 


1.62 


1.11 


1.33 


1.32 


1.62 


1.68 


1.58 


18.5.... 


0.64 


0.56 


0.82 


0.90 


1.98 


1.24 


1.50 


1.29 


1.23 


1.59 


1.07 


1.31 


1.30 


1.62 


1.69 


1.61 


19.0.... 


0.69 


0.65 


0.87 


0.94 


1.99 


1.29 


1.49 


1.27 


1.23 


1.54 


1.03 


1.25 


1.28 


1.60 


1.69 


1.63 


19. 5. . . . 


0.65 


0.66 


0.94 


1.03 


2.00 


1.32 


1.51 


1.25 


1.24 


1.51 


1.00 


1.22 


1.27 


1.60 


1.70 


1.63 


20.0.... 


0.64 


0.70 


0.95 


1.05 


2.04 


1.34 


1.54 


1.24 


1.25 


1.48 


1.95 


1.17 


1.24 


1.59 


1.69 


1.63 


20.5.... 


0.61 


0.71 


1.02 


1.06 


2.06 


1.40 


1.58 


1.27 


1.29 


1.44 


1.91 


1.15 


1.24 


1.54 


1.68 


1.65 


21.0.... 


0.58 


0.71 


1.04 


1.12 


2.14 


1.44 


1.62 


1.28 


1.30 


1.42 


1.93 


1.12 


1.22 


1.54 


1.63 


1.66 


21.5.... 


0.52 


0.71 


1.08 


1.18 


2.19 


1.50 


1.67 


1.31 


1.32 


1.39 


1.93 


1.12 


1.21 


1.53 


1.62 


1.65 


22.0.... 


0.46 


0.63 


1.09 


1.20 


2.20 


1.53 


1.73 


1.35 


1.35 


1.38 


1.96 


1.10 


1.19 


1.52 


1.58 


1.63 


22.5.... 


0.50 


0.63 


1.10 


1.23 


2.21 


1.55 


1.82 


1.42 


1.44 


1.40 


1.96 


1.09 


1.18 


1.48 


1.54 


1.60 


23.0.... 


0.44 


0.65 


1.04 


1.25 


2.20 


1.58 


1.84 


1.46 


1.48 


1.41 


1.98 


1.07 


1.19 


1.47 


1.46 


1.59 


23.5... 


0.43 


0.66 


1.05 


1.24 


. 2.19 


1.60 


1.86 


1.49 


1.52 


1.43 


1.01 


1.09 


1.20 


1.45 


1.43 


3.55 


Midn't. 


0.43 


0.67, 


1.02 


1.28 


2.12 


1.60 


1.87 


1.50 


1.53 


1.44 


1.06 


1.12 


1.20 


1.42 


1.41 


1.52 


Hour. 


May 17. 


May 18. 


May 19. 


May 20. 


May 21. 


May 22. 


May 23. 


May 24. 


May 25. 


May 26. 


May 27. 


May 28. 


May 29. 


May 30. 


May 31. 


■June 1. 


0.5.... 


1.49 


1.57 


1.40 


1.39 


1.50 


1.33 


1.69 


1.98 


1.93 


1.84 


1.64 


1.59 


0.98 


1.02 


1.33 


1.25 


1.0.... 


1.48 


1.53 


1.36 


1.34 


1.47 


1.31 


1.68 


1.98 


1.98 


1.82 


1.68 


1.63 


1.00 


1.09 


1.38 


1.24 


1.5.... 


1.46 


1.48 


1.32 


1.28 


1.44 


1.28 


1.64 


2.01 


1.95 


1.82 


1.70 


1.66 


1.02 


1.15 


1.40 


1.23 


2.0.... 


1.46 


1.41 


1.29 


1.27 


1.40 


1.24 


1.59 


2.06 


1.94 


1.81 


1. 75 


1.68 


1.01 


1.21 


1.44 


1.23 


2.5... 


1.46 


1.41 


1.25 


1.24 


1.35 


1.20 


1.57 


2.02 


1.92 


1.82 


1.76 


1.72 


1.02 


1.30 


1.45 


1.30 


3.0. ... 


1.46 


1.39 


1.23 


1.22 


1.31 


1.17 


1.53 


1.97 


1.91 


1.82 


1.74 


1.74 


1.02 


1.36 


1.50 


1.30 


3.5.... 


1.50 


1.37 


1.21 


1.20 


1.29 


1.11 


1.50 


1.90 


1.87 


1.80 


1.74 


1.75 


1.00 


1.44 


1.54 


1.33 


4.0. ... 


1.53 


1.38 


1.20 


1.20 


1.25 


1.10 


1.48 


1.91 


1.77 


1.77 


1.73 


1.73 


0.99 


1.48 


1.56 


1.35 


4.5.... 


1.55 


1.40 


1.20 


1.18 


1.22 


1.06 


1.43 


1.82 


1.76 


1.70 


1.71 


1.74 


0.95 


1.50 


1.60 


1.42 


5.O.... 


1.62 


1.43 


1.22 


1.20 


1.23 


1.05 


1.40 


1.82 


1.70 


1.66 


1.68 


1.70 


0.90 


1.52 


1.66 


3.46 


5.5.... 


1.63 


1.49 


1.25 


1.23 


1.24 


1.05 


1.41 


1.80 


1.65 


1.64 


1.63 


1.72 


0.86 


1.58 


1.68 


1.48 


6.0.... 


1.69 


1.53 


1.31 


1.27 


1.27 


1.04 


1.41 


1.82 


1.61 


1.60 


1.62 


1.71 


0.84 


1.58 


1.70 


1.48 


6.5.... 


1.73 


1.58 


1.39 


1.34 


1.30 


1.08 


1.42 


1.82 


1.60 


1.54 


1.57 


1.66 


0.80 


1.58 


1.71 


1.59 


7.0-... 


1.75 


1.63 


1.42 


1.40 


1.33 


1.12 


1.44 


1.82 


1.60 


1.50 


1.51 


1.60 


0.75 


1.59 


1.75 


1.63 


7.5.... 


1.77 


1.65 


1.47 


1.46 


1.39 


1.15 


1.47 


1.83 


1.60 


1.48 


1.50 


1.60 


0.72 


1.60 


3.77 


1.67 


8.O.... 


1.82 


1.70 


1.50 


1.52 


1.43 


1. 22 


1.56 


1.88 


1.61 


1.49 


1.49 


1.58 


0.68 


1.61 


1.74 


1.62 


8.5.... 


1.82 


1.72 


3.56 


1.57 


1.49 


130 


1.63 


2.00 


1.67 


1.49 


1.48 


1.55 


0.65 


1.58 


1.72 


1.63 


9.O.... 


1.84 


1.73 


1.60 


1.63 


1. 54 


1.36 


1.71 


2.04 


1.70 


1.48 


1.47 


1.52 


0.63 


1.57 


1.69 


1.58 


9.5.... 


1.83 


1.72 


1.61 


1.68 


1.62 


1.41 


1.78 


2.08 


1.78 


1.50 


1.48 


1.51 


0.60 


1.49 


1.64 


1.54 


10.0.... 


1. 83 


1.72 


1.64 


1.70 


1.65 


1.47 


1.81 


2.13 


1.82 


1.54 


1.49 


1.48 


0.58 


1.42 


1.61 


1.53 


10.5 ... 


1.78 


1.68 


1.63 


1.72 


1.68 


1.52 


1.88 


2.20 


1.90 


1.60 


1.56 


1.49 


0.54 


1.42 


1.59 


1.49 


11.0.... 


1.7S 


1.68 


1.62 


1.73 


1.69 


1.55 


1.92 


2.20 


1.93 


1.65 


1.60 


1.50 


0.53 


1.40 


1.56 


1.44 


11.5... 


1.76 


1.63 


1.60 


1.73 


1.70 


1.56 


2.02 


2. 23 


1.98 


1.71 


1. 65 


1.51 


0.51 


1.38 


1.55 


1.50 


Noon .. 


1.70 


1.57 


1.55 


1.72 


1.68 


1.58 


2.04 


2.30 


2.02 


1.73 


1.69 


1.54 


0.53 


1.40 


1.48 


1.47 


12. 5. . . . 


1.65 


1. 55 


1.52 


1.70 


1.65 


1. 56 


2.02 


2.31 


2.05 


1.80 


1.72 


1.57 


0.53 


1.41 


1.47 


1.42 


13.0.... 


1.67 


1.51 


1.47 


1.65 


1.60 


1.54 


2.04 


2.31 


2.08 


1.83 


1.75 


1.59 


0.54 


1.42 


1.49 


1.38 


13.5... 


1.62 


1.43 


1.43 


1.60 


1.53 


1.52 


2.03 


2.35 


2.08 


1.83 


1. 78 


1.62 


0.60 


1.43 


1.45 


1.43 


14.0.... 


1.59 


1.39 


1.37 


1.54 


1.47 


1.50 


2.00 


2. 27 


2.08 


1.87 


1.80 


1.63 


0.61 


1.45 


1.44 


1.36 


14.5.... 


1.55 


1.37 


1.33 


1.50 


1.46 


1.41 


1.93 


2] 27 


2.08 


1.84 


1. 85 


1.63 


0.67 


1.49 


1.44 


1.38 


15.0.... 


1.59 


1.34 


1.30 


1.41 


1.30 


1.34 


1.88 


2.17 


2.07 


1.85 


1.84 


1.62 


0.71 


1.48 


1.44 


1.34 


15.5.... 


1.59 


1.34 


1. '.'3 


1.38 


1.25 


1.32 


1.82 


2.14 


2.07 


1.85 


1.82 


1.62 


0.75 


1. 50 


1.47 


1.36 


16.0... 


1.56 


1.32 


1.21 


1.34 


1.15 


1.23 


1.77 


2. 05 


1.95 


1.78 


1.82 


1.64 


0.78 


1. 55 


1.49 


1.36 


16.5.... 


1.59 


1. 32 


1.20 


1.29 


1.11 


1.22 


1.70 


1.97 


1.88 


1.74 


1.80 


1.61 


0.82 


1.53 


1.52 


1.41 


17. ... . 


1.61 


1. 33 


1.21 


1.25 


1.08 


1.18 


1.69 


1.89 


1.86 


1.69 


1. 75 


1.58 


0.83 


1. 57 


1. 52 


1.37 


17.5.... 


1.67 


1.33 


1.24 


1.26 


1.06 


1.19 


1.63 


1.83 


1.81 


1.62 


1.70 


1.54 


0.84 


1.60 


1. 53 


1.45 


18. 0-... 


1.69 


1.38 


1.26 


1.27 


1.05 


1.18 


1.55 


1.77 


1.74 


1.57 


1.65 


1.51 


0.87 


1.60 


1.51 


1.50 


18.5... 


1.17 


1.40 


1.28 


1.29 


1.05 


1.17 


1.51 


1.71 


1.70 


1.51 


1.61 


1.46 


0.85 


1.61 


1.54 


1.45 


19.0.... 


1.70 


1.43 


1.32 


1.32 


1.07 


1.17 


1.51 


1.71 


1.66 


1.49 


1.57 


1.38 


0.84 


1.57 


1.55 


1.49 


19.5.... 


1.72 


1.47 


1.30 


1.36 


. 1.08 


1.21 


1.52 


1.70 


1.65 


1.44 


1.53 


1.34 


0.82 


1.51 


1.53 


3.53 


20.0.... 


1.78 


1.54 


1.41 


1.41 


1.11 


1. 29 


1.53 


1.72 


1.62 


1.42 


1.49 


1.34 


0.83 


1.50 


i.r/i 


1.53 


20.5 .. 


1.75 


1. 52 


1.44 


1.45 


1.13 


1.32 


1.54 


1.73 


1.62 


1.41 


1.40 


1.19 


0.82 


1.49 


1.52 


1.53 


21.0... 


1.73 


1. 57 


1.43 


1.50 


1.17 


1.39 


1.60 


1.74 


1.02 


1.42 


1.40 


1.14 


0.81 


1.44 


1.48 


1.53 


21.5.... 


1.75 


1. 57 


. 1.49 


1. 51 


1.21 


1.46 


1.67 


1.79 


1.65 


1.43 


1.42 


1.10 


0.81 


1.42 


1.41 


1.49 


22.0.... 


1.71 


1. 57 


1.411 


1. 54 


1.25 


1. 53 


1.74 


1.80 


1.68 


1. 45 


1.42 


1.06 


0.80 


1.36 


1. 40 


1.45 


22.5.... 


1. 70 


1.54 


1.48 


1.55 


1.30- 


1.55 


1.78 


1.84 


1.70 


■1.49 


1.41 


1.03 


0.80 


1 :::; 


1.37 


1.36 


23.0.... 


1.70 


1.52 


1.46 


1.54 


1.31 


1. 58 


1.86 


1.88 


1.?:; 


1.59 


1.4". 


1.02 


0.84 


1.31 


1.36 


1.32 


23. 5. . . . 


1.05 


1.46 


1.45 


1.54 


1.33 


1.60 


1.89 


1.89 


1.75 


1.52 


1.48 


1.01 


0.87 


1 '.".I 


1.31 


1.30 


Midn't 


1. 62 


1.43 


1.43 


1.52 


1.33 


1.65 


1.91 


1.91 


1.80 


1.58 


1. 53 


1.00 


0. 02 


1.30 


1.29 


1.29 



H. Ex. 4-1- 



-80 



682 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BAEEOW, ALASKA. 



Tidal observations at the United States International Polar Station, Uglaamie, Alaska, 1883 — Cont'd. 

[Half-hourly readings made on local mean time. Heights expressed in feet. Increasing numbers denote rising tide.] 



Hour. 


June 2. 


June 3. 


June 4. 


June 5. 


June 6. 


June 7. 


June 8. 


June 9. 


June 10. 


June 11. 


June 12. 


June 13. 


June 14. 


June 15. 


June 16. 


June 17. 


O.5.... 


1.26 


1.60 


1.51 


1.44 


1.54 


1.56 


1.47 


1.38 


1.46 


1.00 


1.02 


1.17 


0.84 


1.60 


1.50 


1.17 


1.0..-. 


1.24 


1.55 


1.50 


1.41 


1.52 


1.59 


1.50 


1.47 


1.50 


1.05 


1.06 


1.19 


0.84 


1.60 


1.46 


1.12 


1.5.... 


1.23 


1.59 


1.45 


1.37 


1.49 


1.57 


1.50 


1.50 


1.53 


1.09 


1.11 


1.22 


0.87 


1.60 


1.45 


1.10 


2.O.... 


1.21 


1.53 


1.38 


1.32 


1.45 


1.52 


1.52 


1.54 


1.57 


1.12 


1.18 


1.26 


0.91 


1.59 


1.44 


1.07 


2. 5. . . . 


1.20 


1.50 


1.32 


1.25 


1.38 


1.47 


1.49 


1.57 


1.61 


1.14 


1.21 


1.29 


0.97 


1.61 


1.44 


1.07 


3.O.... 


1.18 


1.46 


1.30 


1.20 


1.35 


1.43 


1.46 


1.55 


1.63 


1.17 


1.22 


1.34 


1.00 


1.64 


1.45 


1.08 


3.5.... 


1.22 


1.47 


1.26 


1.13 


1.30 


1.36 


1.41 


1.52 


1.64 


1.17 


1.27 


1.35 


1.05 


1.68 


1.48 


1.10 


4.0..-. 


1.29 


1.46 


1.27 


1.06 


1.24 


1.30 


1.34 


1.47 


1.63 


1.16 


1.34 


1.37 


1.10 


1.69 


1.50 


1.14 


4. 5. . . . 


1.29 


1.50 


1.27 


1.06 


1.20 


1.25 


1.31 


1.42 


1.60 


1.10 


1.34 


1.37 


1.18 


1.74 


1.56 


1.19 


5.0 


1.39 


1.56 


1.26 


1.08 


1.19 


1.24 


1.25 


1.40 


1.55 


1.08 


1.35 


1.38 


1.21 


1.77 


1.59 


1.20 


5. 5. . . . 


1.41 


1.58 


1.32 


1.09 


1.18 


1.18 


1.20 


1.38 


1.53 


1.05 


1.35 


1.39 


1.28 


1.79 


1.64 


1.25 


6. ... . 


1.51 


1.67 


1.34 


1.14 


1.18 


1.15 


1.15 


1.34 


1.49 


1.02 


1.35 


1.39 


1.31 


1.81 


1.67 


1.30 


6.5.... 


1.55 


1.72 


1.48 


1.20 


1.20 


1.14 


1.13 


1.27 


1.47 


0.99 


1.34 


1.38 


1.37 


1.83 


1.70 


1.33 


7.0. ... 


1.66 


1.76 


1.50 


1.24 


1.24 


1.14 


1.11 


1.27 


1.38 


0.94 


1.33 


1.36 


1.41 


1.83 


1.73 


1.37 


7.5.... 


1.68 


1.82 


1.57 


1.33 


1.30 


1.14 


1.10 


1.25 


1.34 


0.87 


1.31 


1.32 


1.45 


1.85 


1.74 


1.40 


8.0. ... 


1.71 


1.86 


1.63 


1.36 


1.31 


1.18 


1.10 


1.26 


1.31 


0.84 


1.30 


1.30 


1.48 


1.86 


1.76 


1.48 


8.5.... 


1.75 


1.88 


1.70 


1.48 


1.50 


1.22 


1.12 


1.27 


1.28 


0.84 


1.25 


1.22 


1.48 


1.86 


1.77 


1.48 


9. 0. . . . 


1.96 


1.93 


1.74 


1.56 


1.55 


1.28 


1.19 


1.27 


1.27 


0.80 


1.22 


1.18 


1.49 


1.87 


1.76 


1.49 


9.5.--. 


1.82 


1.97 


1.81 


1.65 


1.66 


1.36 


1.20 


1.36 


1.22 


0.80 


1.21 


1.14 


1.50 


1.85 


1.77 


1.50 


10.0 


1.80 


1. 98 


1.87 


1.70 


1.73 


1.42 


1.27 


1.39 


1.23 


0.77 


1.21 


1.12 


1.52 


1.83 


1.78 


1.50 


10. 5-... 


1.79 


1.98 


1.86 


1.78 


1.80 


1.51 


1.32 


1.43 


1.24 


0.78 


1.21 


1.08 


1.52 


1.80 


1.75 


1.50 


11.0.... 


1.77 


1.92 


1.95 


1.81 


1.85 


1.57 


1.38 


1.47 


1.29 


• 0.78 


1.21 


1.04 


1.53 


1.75 


1.72 


1.49 


11.5.... 


1.70 


1.91 


1.90 


1.83 


1.86 


1.63 


1.44 


1.51 


1.30 


0.80 


1.20 


1.04 


1.55 


1.71 


1.64 


1.42 


Noon .. 


1.65 


1.82 


1. S3 


1.86 


1.91 


1.68 


1.49 


1.57 


1.28 


0.80 


1.23 


1.02 


1.56 


1.68 


1.59 


1.36 


12.5.... 


1.65 


1.81 


1.80 


1.82 


1.93 


1.71 


1.51 


1.63 


1.34 


0.82 


1.23 


1.00 


1.56 


1.65 


1.52 


1.32 


13. 0. . . . 


1.64 


1.72 


1.73 


1.81 


1.91 


1.73 


1.53 


1.67 


1.35 


1.15 


1.24 


1.00 


1.56 


1.64 


1.48 


1.25 


13.5.... 


1.48 


1.64 


1.63 


1.78 


1.90 


1.74 


1.58 


1.68 


1.37 


1.18 


1.30 


102 


1.58 


1.60 


1.42 


1.20 


14.0.... 


1.45 


1.59 


1.58 


1.73 


1.87 


1.74 


1.58 


1.70 


1.39 


1.22 


1.31 


1.02 


1.60 


1.58 


1.37 


1.13 


14.5.... 


1.40 


1.54 


1.49 


1.68 


1.82 


1.71 


1.54 


1.73 


1.39 


1.24 


1.36 


1.02 


1.64 


1.57 


1.35 


1.08 


15.0.... 


1.36 


1.50 


1.41 


1.60 


1.72 


1.68 


1.52 


1.73 


1.40 


1.27 


1.40 


1.05 


1.65 


1.57 


1.34 


1.05 


15.5.... 


1.35 


1.44 


1.34 


1.55 


1.68 


1.63 


1.49 


1.70 


1.40 


1.27 


1.42 


1.05 


1.69 


1.57 


1.31 


1.00 


10.0.... 


1.35 


1.39 


1.26 


1.49 


1.60 


1.56 


1.45 


1.67 


1.38 


1.27 


1.43 


1.07 


1.72 


1.58 


1.29 


0.98 


16.5.... 


1.34 


1.30 


1.22 


1.42 


1.54 


1.46 


1.36 


1.65 


1.34 


1.27 


1.46 


1.08 


1.75 


1.59 


1.29 


0.97 


17.0.... 


1.44 


1.37 


1.19 


1.36 


1.48 


1.31 


1.31 


1.59 


1.31 


1.27 


1.48 


1.09 


1.77 


1.59 


1.28 


0.95 


17. 5. . . . 


1.47 


1.34 


1.15 


1.33 


■1.43 


1.36 


1.26 


1.53 


1.24 


1.25 


1.46 


1.10 


1.77 


1.59 


L28 


0.96 


18.0.... 


1.49 


1.35 


1.17 


1.30 


1.37 


1.31 


1.21 


1.50 


1.20 


1.20 


1.44 


1.10 


1.80 


1.60 


1.28 


0.96 


18.5.... 


1.53 


1.41 


1.15 


1.30 


1.34 


1.27 


1.15 


1.45 


1.13 


1.16 


1.43 


1.10 


1.82 


1.61 


1.29 


0.99 


19.0.... 


1.55 


1.38 


1.17 


1.29 


1.32 


1.23 


V 1.10 


1.40 


1.10 


1.10 


1.40 


1.10 


1.82 


1.62 


1.31 


1.00 


19.5.... 


1.59 


1.42 


1.20 


1.31 


1.31 


1.21 


1.09 


1.37 


1.06 


1.10 


1.37 


1.10 


1.82 


1.64 


1.32 


1.01 


20. . . . 


1.68 


1.51 


1.23 


1.33 


1.30 


1.20 


1.07 


1.34 


1.02 


1.05 


L34 


1.06 


1.82 


1.65 


1.33 


1.02 


20.5.... 


1.68 


1.54 


1.29 


1.37 


1.33 


1.20 


1.06 


1.31 


1.00 


0.99 


1.30 


1.03 


1.80 


1.65 


1.35 


1.02 


21.0.... 


1.70 


1.55 


1.35 


1.43 


1.35 


1.22 


1.09 


1.31 


0.95 


0.95 


1.25 


1.00 


1.77 


1.65 


1.34 


1.05 


21.5..-. 


1.73 


1.61 


1.39 


1.46 


1.37 


1.26 


1.11 


1.31 


0.92 


0.95 


1.22 


0.95 


1.75 


1.64 


1.32 


1.07 


22.0 


1.72 


1.59 


1.42 


1.49 


1.43 


1.30 


1.15 


1.30 


0.92 


0.95 


1.19 


0.92 


1.71 


1.53 


1.30 


1.08 


22.5.... 


1.74 


1.63 


1.44 


1.52 


1.47 


1.35 


1.21 


1.32 


0.92 


0.95 


1.16 


0.90 


1.68 


1.59 


1.29 


1.08 


23.0.... 


1.70 


1.60 


1.46 


1.56 


1.50 


1.40 


1.25 


1.35 


0.92 


0.95 


1.16 


0.88 


1.65 


1.58 


1.27 


1.05 


23.5.... 


1.68 


1.59 


1.46 


1.57 


1.53 


1.44 


1.28 


1.37 


0.93 


0.95 


1.15 


6.86 


1.64 


1.55 


1.24 


1.03 


Midn't. 


1.64 


1.53 


1.48 


1.57 


1.55 


1.45 


1.30 


1.41 


0.96 


0.98 


1.16 


0.85 


1.62 


1.53 


1.20 


0.99 



PAET VIII 



MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 



633 



MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 



I. A EEPOET 0~8 THE GBOUND CUEBENT OBSEBVATIONS MADE AT UGLAAMIE, 

ALASKA. 

By A. L. McRae, Priiate Signal Corps, U. S. Army. 

The observations were commenced August 11, 1882, and were continued at hourly intervals 
until November 14, 1882. 

The lines were insulated wires one thousand yards in length. One was in the magnetic 
meridian, and the other at right angles to it. 

The terminals were copper plates 2 (1 1) feet square. The N., S. and W. terminals were in water; 
the E. in laud. 

Compass galvanoscopes were used to measure the strength of the current. 

As the observations possess especial interest because they were made in such a high latitude, 
several deflections of the galvanoscope have been reduced to something like absolute measure by 
comparison with a galvanometer in the laboratory. 

Unfortunately the electromotive force due to the terminals and the resistance of the complete 
circuit were not determined, so that their effects cannot be accurately estimated. 

But from an experiment with copper plates one square foot in area it was found that the 
electromotive force under the most favorable circumstances, when both plates were in sea is less 
than .05 volt, and when one plate was in sea and the other in land is less than .2 volt. 

Mr. Wild has found that the electromotive force due to copper plates buried in the earth may 
reach .05 volt. We can therefore safely assume that the electromotive force between the plates 
used in the observations was not greater than .2 volts. 

Mr. Wild has already found that the resistance of the ground between copper plates one 
square meter iu area buried two meters below the surface and one kilometer apart was between 
thirty and sixty ohms. By comparison the resistance of the ground at Uglaamie would be between 
eighty and one hundred and sixty ohms. But since all the plates except one were in water it is 
probable the resistance was much less. 

If we assume that the resistance of the line and the ground was so small compared to the 
resistance of the galvanoscope as to be inappreciable, we find that at times there Was an electro- 
motive force of .8 volt acting. Deducting the .2 due to the terminals we have .6 volt remaining, 
which must be due to a ground current. 

The difficulties mentioned above of eliminating everything from the true ground current 
prevent a careful study of the observations; but by plotting the total current it appears that: 

1. The current is generally steady in strength and direction for several days at a time. There 
are periods when there is no current. There are also rare moments when the intensity of the 
current changes rapidly. The direction of the current usually changes slowly. 

2. The north and south component is the stronger. 

3. The general direction of the current is from the first (W,) to the third (SE.) quadrant, 
and not from the second (KE.) to the fourth (SW.) as in Europe. 

The general direction varied from due west to a little east of north. • 

In connectiou with auroras it is noticed that : 

On September 4 a weak variable current suddenly changed to a strong north by east currrent 
six or seven hours before an aurora was observed. This strong current continued for several days 
and auroras on the 6th, 12th, and 15th did not seem to affect its intensity or direction. 

685 



686 



j 



EXPEDITION TO POINT BARROW, ALASKA. 



On September 25 there was quite a disturbance of the needle five hours in advance of the 
aurora. Just after the appearance of the aurora the current began to weaken and shifted from 
north to northwest. 

On September 26 there was an increased current one hour in advance of the aurora. 

On October 8 a westerly current changed to a little south of west one hour in advance of the 
aurora. 

At other times auroras occurred when there was a strong or moderately strong current without 
apparently having the slightest effect. 

NOTE ON AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR OBSERVING GROUND CURRENTS. 

Heretofore the best method for observing ground currents has been that of two lines, one in 
the magnetic meridan and one at right angles to it. By this method the difference of potential 
between N. and S. and between E. and W. giving the components of the current in these two direc- 
tions can be obtained. This, however, is not sufficient to enable us to determine the exact direc- 
tion and strength of the current. 

Now, if the difference of potential between N. and W. is taken at the same time as that of N. 
and S. and of E. and N., there will be all the necessary data to plat the equipotential surfaces, 
from which the direction of the current can be obtained. 

Then, knowing distance between the equipotential surfaces, we can get the variation of the 
potential with respect to the distance and hence the strength of the current. 

The lines need not be at right angles, nor is it necessary that one should be in the magnetic 
meridian. 

II. THICKNESS OF THE ICE. 

The thickness of the ice in the lagoon close to the station, and in the still water of the sea 
near shore, was measured at intervals of about a month during the winter. 
The following table presents the results of these observations : 



Date. 



LAGOON ICE. 



Thickness. 



1881. | Feet. Inches. 

November 1 1 OJ 

1882. 

January 1 j 3 i> 

February27 1 5 li 

April 1 i 6 

May 4 ] 6 2J 

j 

SEA ICE. 

December4 29 

1883. 

January 3 ' 3 8 

February 2 4 2 

March7 5 2 

April 2 ! 4 11 

May 2 ; 5 OJ 

Jul'yl 5 



Remarks. 



Sea ice. 



Measured about 200 
yards from shore. 



Note. — In the meteorological observations, the readings of i!.i 
the sea-level. 



inroineter arc not reduced to 



INDEX. 



A. 

Page. 

Aoanthostepheia malmgreni . 146 

Acau , :iozone polyacantha, n. ep 146 

Acephala 183 

Actinaria - 162 

Actinia cameola 162 

crassicornis 162 

elegantis8ima 162 

holsatica 162 

Laurentii 162 

obtruncata 162 

syectabilis 162 

( Urtieina) crassicornis 162 

Actinidse 162 

Actodromas bairdi 112,200 

fuscieollis 112 

maculata 111,113,114,200 

Admete middendorffiana .- 179 

viridula 179 

iEgina canariensis 164 

citrea 164 

Eschscholtizii 164 

pachyderma 164 

rhodina 164 

rosea 164 

iEgiothus cauescens exilipes 105 

linarla 105 

jEolidia papillosa 18:5 

Agaricus 192 

Aglantha camtschatica 164, 165 

Air, tables showing moisture of 250-261 

pressure of 204-226 

temperature of 227-24'.' 

Alcyouaria 162 

Alcyoiridte 162 

Alcyonium rubifbrme 162 

Alectoria divergens 192 

Algw 192 

AUbrotu8 liioralis 144 

Alopecurns alpinus 192 

Alphabet 87 

Alpheus spinus 140 

Amara obtusa 134 

Amauropsis helicoides 182 

purpurea 162 

Amicula vestita 182 

Ampbicteuidaj 156 

Ampbipoda 143 



Paget 

Amphithoe compressa - •-•• 147 

Edwardsii 145 

panopla 146 

swammerdamii 147 

Amphithonotus aculeatus 145 

cataphractus 146 

Edwardsii 145 

malmgreni .... 146 

Anomoura - - 138 

Anonyx liioralis 144 

Anser albifrons gambeli --. 116 

Antbomyiasp 134 

Anthozoa 162 

summary of 169 

Anthus sp --- 200 

Antinoe sarsi - 152 

Apetalae , 191 

Aphanacapsa castagnei - 192 

Apbanothece stagnina 192 

Aphrodita scabra - 152 

Appeudicularia sp 167 

Apus glaeialis 149 

Aquila chxysaetus canadensis 108 

Arctagrostis (Colpodium) latifolia... 192 

Arctian 135 

Arcturus bystrix 142 

Arenicola glaeialis, n. sp 155 

marina 155 

Argis Jar 139 

Aricia arctioa 154 

Arioiidaj - 154 

Ascidia aiirantium 166 

piriformis '. 166 

xqnamata 157 

riUo8a 166 

Ascidiacea 166 

Ascidise simpliees 166 

Aatarte fabula 183 

(Ryctocyma) Esquimalti 183 

Asteracav ihion violaceus 158 

Asterias aceivata 158 

aeuleata 161 

affinix 159 

alboverruco8a 159 

arctica var. a 159 

endeca 160 

rar. decemradiala 160 

opldura 161 

687 



688 



INDEX. 



tpapposa 159 

rubens 158 

sanguinolenta 159 

spongiosa 159 

sp 159 

violacea 158 

Astragalus alpiaus 191 

frigidus 191 

Astropbyton sp 162 

Atylus compressus 147 

swammerdamii 147 

Aurelia labiata 163,165 

Aurora „ 23 

record of 361-441 

table of frequency of 532 

Autolytus sp 154 

B. 

Balama mysticetus 100 

Balanus sp 150 

Bear, barren-ground 94 

polar 94 

Beetles 106 

Bela arctica 178 

exarata 178 

gigas 178 

barpa 178 

laevigata 178 

murdocbiana 179 

scalaris 178 

simplex 178 

tenuilirata 178 

Bellis scolopendrica 161 

Beluga sp 99 

Bernicla nigricans 117 

Beroe roseola. 163, 165 

Bigborn •. 98 

Birds 104 

list of, at Plover Bay - 200 

Bird fauna 104 

Boltenia bolieni 166 

sp 166 

Bombus nioderatus 135 

sylvicola 135 

Bombycidse 134 

Boot-soles 97,100 

Boreogadus saida 129 

Bowhead.... 100 

Bracbiopoda 183 

Bracbyura 137 

Brada granulata - 155 

Branchinecta arctica 149 

gram landica 149 

paludosa 149, 150 

BrancMpus (Branchinecta) arctica 149 

gran landica 149 

midden dor ffianus 149 

paludosus 149 

Brant, black 117 

Buccinum angulosum 179 

Baeri 179 

carinatum ' 179 

cyaneum 179 

glaciale 179 



Page. 

Buccinum plectrum 180 

polare 180 

var. percrassum 180 

tenue 179,180 

undatum 180 

Bumble-bee 135 

Burgomaster 122 

Butterfly and poppy, belief regarding 24 

C. 

Caltba palustris 191 

Campanella 164, 165 

Cancellaria 179 

arctica 181 

Cancer ampulla 145 

boreas 139 

( G-ammarus) galba 143 

homaroides 139 

locusta 147 

medusarum 143 

opilio 137 

phalangium 137 

pulex 147 

spinus 140 

stagnalis 149 

Canis oceidentalis griseo-albus 93 

Carabidie 134 

Cardium islandicum 183 

(Serripes) grcenlandicnm 183 

Carex 191 

Caryopbyllacese 191 

Cassiope tetntgoua 191 

Castalia nmltipapillata 154 

Census of Cape Srnythe village 49 

Centropbanes lapponicus 106 

Cepbaloj)oda 177 

Ceraphilus ooreas 139 

Cerastium alpinum 191 

Cetraria arctica 192 

islandica, var. Delistei 192 

Chretognatba loo 

Cbsetopoda 152 

Cbaradrius dominicus 109 

fulvus 109 

Cbelysoma macleayanum 183 

Chen byperboreus albatus 116 

Cberaphilus boreas 139 

Cbilostomata 167 

Chionacetes uehringianus 137 

opilio 137 

CMonocctes phalangium 137 

Cbiridotea entoinou 142 

sabinei J 42 

Ch irodota brevis 137 

Cbironomus sp 134 

Chiton Emersonii. 182 

Chkmeinid:e 155 

Cbry saora belvola , 164 

melauaster 143, 163, 164 

Chrysodoinus, form "cretaceum" 1?0 

foruicatus 180 

Keimicottii -. 181 

Kroyeri 1^0 

var. Eiiyana ISO 



INDEX. 



689 



Chrysodomus liratus 180 

martensi 180 

spitzbergensis 180 

terebralis 180 

Urnatus 180 

"Chrysomela montivagans 135 

Cieeronia pusilla 200 

Ciortella subcylindrica 177 

Cirripedia 150 

Cladocera 151 

Clouds, amount, &c, of 286,332 

Cochlearia officinalis 191 

Cochlicopa lubrica 177 

Collecting localities 185 

beach, Cape Smythe 185 

off Cape Smythe 186 

off Point Franklin 188 

off Port Clarence 189 

head of Norton Sound 189 

Pergniak, Elson Bay 186 

Colpodium 192 

Colymbus adamsi 127 

pacificus ...'. 127 

septentrionalis 127 

torquatus 127 

Composit ce 191 

Cordylura sp 135 

Coregonidae 132 

Coregonns kennicotti 132 

lanrettse 132 

nelsoni 132 

Corvus corax 200 

Corwin, U. S. E. M. steamer ~ 21,34 

Cotileriparia 105 

Cottidae 131 

Cottus decastrensis 131 

quadricornis 131 

Crane, little 116 

Crane-fly 134 

Crangon boreas 139 

lar 139 

nigricauda 138 

vulgaris 138 

Craszatella Esquimalti 183 

Crepidnla grandis 181 

Cribella sanguinolenta ...: 159 

Cribrella sanguinolenta 159 

Crossaster papposus 159 

"Crowbill " 128 

Cruciferse 191 

Crustacea 137 

and Pycnogonida, summary of 168 

Cryptodon sericatas 183 

Cryptogamia 192 

Ctenophora sp 134 

Ctenophores 163, 165 

Cucumaria frondosa 156 

Cumacea 142 

Cuniculus torquatus 102 

Curlew, Eskimo 114 

Cuvieria sitchaensis 157 

Cyanea postelsii 163, 165 

Cyanne, wreck of 32 

Cyanophyceas 192 

H. Ex. 44 87 



Page. 

Cylichna alba 182 

propinqua 182 

Cynthia pyriformis 166 

D. 

Daiila acuta 117 

Daphnia sp 151 

Decapoda 137 

Declination, absolute, observations for, at Uglaa- 

mie 593-600 

results for, recapitulation 

of 601 

solar-diurnal variation of 479 

tables of 458,459 

Declinometer, Brooke, hourly readings of 467-478 

recapitulation of monthly 
mean values of hourly 

readings of 479 

term-day readings of 532-536 

Dendronotus Dalli 182 

Dexamine Gordoniana 147 

Loughrini .*. 147 

Diastylis rathkii var 142 

sp 142 

Dip, magnetic, and intensity, total magnetic, so- 
lar-diurnal variations in 530 

observations for, at Uglaamie... 642-670 

recapitulation of results for 671 

results of 459 

tables of 460 

Discopora sp. 168 

Disturbance, magnetic, days of 673 

Disturbances, magnetic, separation and discus- 
sion of 480 

Diver, Pacific 127 

red-throated „ 127 

Draba alpina 191 

Driftwood 48 

Dryas octopetala var. integrifolia 191 

Duck, " canvas-back" 120 

long- tailed 118 

Steller's 118 

Dulichia arctica n. sp 149 

E. • 

Eagle, golden 108 

Earth, temperature of 338 

Earth-temperatures, shaft for 24 

Echinasttr Eschrichtii 159 

sanguinolenta 159 

sanguinolentus 159 

Echinodermata 156 

Ecbinoderms, summary of 169 

Echinoidea 158 

Echinus chloroceutrotus 158 

drobaohiensis 158 

neglectu8 158 

saxatili8 158 

Echiuridas 156 

JSchiurus pallasii 156 

sitchaensis 156 

vulgaris 156 

Eider ducks 24 



690 



INDEX. 



Eider king : 120 

changes in plumage of 121 

Pacific '. 119 

spectacled 119 

Elephas sp 99 

Epidesura compressa 147 

Ereunt-tea pusillna 113,200 

Ericaceae 191 

Erignathna barbatus 96 

Ermine 94 

Eriophorum Cbamissonis 191 

Eschar a papyrca 167 

Eskimos, character of 38 

childbirth customs of 46 

dances and festivals of . . -• 41 

endurance of 46 

food of 40,121 

legends of 47 

marriage relations of 43 

measures and weighta of 50 

mortuary customs of 43 

numbers of 38, 45 

aeal-catching of 40,95 

atatnre and appearance of 37 

stone implementa among the 48 

summer and apring journeys of 38, 39 

superatitions of 42 

treatment of children among the 46 

the old among the 45 

use of tobacco among the 47 

vocabulary collected among the 51 

whale-catching of 39, 101 

Ethnographic sketch 35 

Ethnological specimens, catalogue of 61 

Eunoe nodosa 152 

Oerstedii 152 

Eupagur us kroyeri 138 

pubescens 138 

splendescens 138 

trigonocheirua 138, 151 

Eurytenea gryllua 144 

magellanicus 144 

Euairua cuspidatus 145 

Exercise 24 

F. 

Fishes 129 

Fishing, Eskimo methods of 129, 130, 131, 132 

Flowera 24 

Flustra papyracea - - - 167 

papyrea 167 

Force, horizontal component of, by Lloyd'a 

method, recapitulation of reaulta for . . 672 
horizontal, solar-diurnal variation of. .. 509-511 

magnetic . . . j 461 

tables of 463 

vertical, solar-diurnal variation of 529 

Fox, arctic 93 

black or silver 93 

blue 94 

cross 93 

red 93 

Fox-trap 94 

Fratercula corniculata 200 



Fresh meat , 24 

store-house for 24 

Fusus deforme 181 

G. 

Gadidas 129* 

Gales, westerly 26 

Gammaracanthus loricatus 147, 148 

Gammarus arcticus 147 

boreus 147 

gryllua 144 

libellula 144 

locnata 147 

loricatus 148 

medusarum 143 

mutatus 147 

pulex 147 

sitchaensis 147 

Gamopetala 191 

Gaatropoda 177 

Gasterosteidse 129 

Gasterosteua pungitiua aubsp brachypoda 129 

Gemellaria loricata 167 

Gemmaria 164, 165 

Gephyrea 156 

Glumacese 191 

Godwit, Pacific 114 

Goose, American white-fronted 116 

emperor - 117 

lesser snow 116 

Graphephorum (Dupontia) Fiacheri 192 

fulvum 192 

Grasses 192 

Gray-back, greater 110 

Grua canadensis 116 

Guillemot, black 128 

thick-billed 128 

Gull, glaucous 122 

ivory 122 

lesser glaucou8-winged 123 

Boss's 123 

Sabine's 125 

Gulo luacus 94 

Gymnelis viridis 130 

Gyrfalcon, McFarlane's 108 

H. 

Halocynthia pyriformis 166 

Hare, polar 103 

Harelda glacialis 118 

Heliotropis harpa 181 

Hesiouidse 154 

Hiella orbignii 143 

Hierofalco gy rfalco sacer 108 

Hippolyte Belchen 140 

fabricii 139 

gaimardii 140 

gibba 140 

pandaliformis 140 

phippsii 140 

Sotcerbm 140 

spina 140 

spinus - --- 140 

lurgida 140 



INDEX. 



G91 



Hlppolyte vibram 140 

Histriophoca fasciata 97 

Holothitria squamata 157 

Holothurioidea K6 

Hut, snow 29 

Hyalina arctica 177 

pellucida 178 

Hyas coarctatus 137 

latifrons 137 

Hydroida (gonophores) 164 

(tropkosomes) 165 

Hydrozoa 163 

summary of 169 

Hyperia exulana 143 

latreillii. .... 143 

medusarum 143 

oblivia 143 

I. 

Ice, for water supply 23 

leads in 24 

sled-runuers shod with 27 

thickness of 686 

Idothea bicuspida 143 

entomon 142 

marmorata 143 

pulchra 143 

sabinei 142 

sabini 142 

Insects 133 

list of 133 

Instructions, magnetic 446 

Instruments, Brooke variation, term-hour read- 
ings of 548 

Intensity, absolute horizontal, observations for, 

at Uglaamie 602-641 

magnetic, by means of dipping-needle, 

observations for 642-670 

interior, trip to m 24, 26 

Isaomcea ( Urticiva) crassicornis 162 

Isopoda . 142 

J. 

Jaeger, long-tailed 126 

pomarine 126 

Richardson's 126 

Junco hyemalis 107 

K. 

Killer 100 

Knot 110 

L. 

Lagopus albus 108 

rupestris 108 

Lampronetta fischeri 119 

Laria rossii « 134 

Larus cachinnans (?) 200 

glaucus 122 

kumlieni 123 

leucopterus 123 

Larvaceae 167 

LeguminosiB 191 

Leieschara subgracilie 168 



Page. 

Lemming, Hudson's Bay 102 

superstition concerning 102 

tawny 102 

Leo, accident to 32 

arrival of 25, 31 

departure of 25 

Lepidonote scabra 152 

Lepidurus glacialis 149 

Leptasterias arctica ..., 159 

Leptocerus sp 134 

Lepus timidu8 arcticus 103 

Lestrigonius exulana 143 

Kinahani 143 

Liinacina pacifica 177 

Limosa lapponica novse-zealandi® 114 

Liocyma fluctuosa 183 

Liparididee 131 

Liparis gibbus 131 

Lobipes hyperboreus 115 

Lobularia rubiformis 162 

Lomvia arra 129, 200 

Longspur, Lapland 105, 106 

Loon , great white-billed 127 

Lophotburia fabricii 157, 167 

Lota maculosa 130 

Lunatia (Bulbus) flavus 182 

(Mamma) nana 182 

pallida 182 

Lunda cirrhata 200 

Luzula arcuata . 191 

Ly codes coccineus 131 

turnerii 130 

Lycodidse 130 

Lysianassa (?) ampulla 145 

gryllus 144 

Utoralis 144 

magellanica 144 

M. 

Macoma sabulosa 183 

Macrorhampbus griseus scolopaceus 110, 113 

Macroura 138 

Magnetic work, account of 455 

Magnetism, terrestrial 445 

absolute measures of 457 

differential measures of. . 465 

Magnetometer, bal ance, term-day readings of 543-547 

bifilar, adjustment of 482 

Brooke balance, hourly readings 

of 515-526 

recapitulation 
of monthly 
means of 
hour ly r ead- 

ings of 527 

Brooke bifilar, hourly readings of. 484-508 
recapitulation of 
monthly means 
of hourly read- 
ings of 508 

term-day readings 

of 537-542 

Brooke differential, adjustment of 465 

vertical 513 



692 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Maldanidss 155 

Mallotus villosus 131 

Mammals 92 

list of 92 

Mammoth 99 

Margarita obscura 182 

striata 182 

vorticifera 182 

Marine invertebrates .' 136 

bibliography of 170 

Mark, azimuth 457 

Medusas, list of 163 

Melsenis loveni 152 

var. gigantea 153 

Melicert um 164, 165 

Melita dentata 148 

formosa n. sp 147 

leonis u. sp 148 

obtusata 147 

Membranipora sp 168 

Mertensia maritima 191 

ovum 163, 165 

Meteorology 203 

of Meade River reconnaissance 339 

of voyage from Point Barrow to San 

Francisco 341-360 

Microphysa 177 

Microstomidae 131 

Millepora truncata 168 

Molgula sp 166 

Molpadia borealis 157 

violacea 158 

Mollusks 177 

summary of 184 

Monodon monoceros 100 

Mountains, Meade River 28 

Musk ox 98 

Mya truncata 183 

Myodes obensis 102 

Myriotrochushrevis 157 

rinkii 157 

Myrizooon subgracile 168 

Myriozoum subgracile 168 

Mysis rayii n. sp 141 

vulgaris 141 

N. 

Narrative 21 

Narwhal 46,100 

Natica affinis , 182 

(Bulbus) Smithii 182 

clausa 182 

flava 182 

russa 182 

Natural history 91 

Nectocrangon lar 139 

Nematoda 156 

Nephtliyidse 153 

]$Feph tlnj8 ciliata 153 

cirrosa 153 

ccera 153 

longisetosa 153 

longosctosa 153 



Page. 

Nereis caeca 153 

North Star, arrival and wreck of - 25 

Numenius borealis 114 

N^ctea scandiaca 107 

Nymplion brevitarse 151 

grossipes 151 

longitarse 151 

mixtum 151 

Nymphonidae 151 

O. 

Observations, astronomical, record and reduction 

of 560-569 

beginning of 23 

for constants of magnetic instru- 
ments 570 

ground current, report on 685 

term-day 532 

tidal, tables of 679-682 

time of 678 

Observatories, magnetic, plans of 448, 450 

Octopus grcenlnndicus 177 

punctatus 177 

Odobsenus obesus 97 

Odonthalia dentata 192 

GEdemagena tarandi ■ 135 

Old squaw 118 

Oligoplectrum morosum _ 135 

Oligotrochus vitreus 157 

Olor americauus 116 

Onchorhynchns gorbuscha 132 

sp 132 

Oniscus aculeatua 145 

entomon 142 

pulex 147 

Onisimus litoralis 144 

Ophelia mammillafa 154 

Opheliidse 154 

Ophioglypha nodosa .*. 161 

robusta 160 

sarsii 160 

squamosa 160 

Ophiolepis aculeata 161 

( OphiophoHs) scolopendrica 161 

robusta 160 

OphiophoHs aculeata 161 

Kennerlyi 161 

scolopendrica 161 

Ophiura coriacea 160 

fasciculata 160 

nodosa 161 

sarsii 160 

squamosa 160 

Ophiuroidea 160 

Orcasp 100 

Orders and instructions 7 

Orthalicus undatua 182 

Osmerus dentex 131 

Ovibos moschatus 98 

Ovis montana 98 

Owl, snowy 107 

Owl and lemmings, relation betweon 107 

Oxyria digyna 191 



INDEX. 



693 



p. 

Page. 

Pagophila eburnea 122 

Pagurus splendescens 138 

Pandalus dapifer n. sp 141 

Papaver nudicaule 191 

ParampMfhoe compressa 147 

panopla 146 

Parrya uudicaulis 191 

Patella (Heleioniscus) exarata 182 

Pecten islandicus 183 

Pectinaria sp 156 

Pediastrum Boryanum 192 

Pedicularis Langsdorffii 191 

Sudetica 191 

Pelidna alpina americana 113, 200 

subarquata 113 

Peloplastus pallasii 137 

Peltogaster paguri 150 

Pemmican, Eskimo 29 

Pentacta frondosa 156 

Petasites frigida 191 

Phalacrocorax dilophus 200 

Phalangium grossipes 151 

marinum 151 

Phalarope, northern 115 

red 115 

Phalaropus fulicarius 115, 200 

Phascolosoma sp 156 

Phellia arctica 163 

Phellinae 163 

Philacte canagica 117 

Phippsia algida 192 

Phoca foetida 95 

vitulina 95 

Phyllodoce arciica 153 

grcenlandica 153 

sp 154 

Phyllodoce idse 153 

Phyllophora interrnpta 192 

Phyllopoda 149 

Pintail 117 

Plants 191 

Plectrophanes nivalis 105 

Pleurobrachia rhododactyla 163, 165 

Pleustes panoplus 146 

tuberculatus 146 

Plover, American golden 109 

black-bellied 109 

Poa arctica 192 

benisia 192 

Polyartemia hazeni n. sp 150 

Polygonum viviparum 191 

Polynoe islandica 152 

nodosa 152 

sarsi 152 

scabra 152 

Polynoidae 152 

Polysticta stelleri 118 

Polyzoa 167 

summary of 170 

Porifera 168 

Potentilla emarginata 191 

frigida 911 

Prasiola crispa 192 



Page. 

Prasiola stipitata 192 

Precipitation, amount and character of 286-332 

Priene oregonense -- 183 

Psolus fabricii 157 

Ptarmigan, rock 108 

willow 108 

Pulmonata 177 

Pteropoda • 177 

Putorius erminea. 94 

Pyrulofusus 181 

Pycnogonida 151 

Pi/cnogonum grossipes 151 

E. 

Eadiation, solar 332-335 

terrestrial 335-336 

Eangifer tarandus groenlandicus 98 

Eanunculus multifidus 191 

nivalis 191 

Pallasii 191 

pygm»us 191 

Eedpoll, white-rumped 105 

Eeindeer 98 

hunting, Eskimo . 99 

Ehachotropis aculeata 145 

Ehizocephala 150 

Ehodostethia rosea 123 

Ehodymenia pertnsa 192 

Ehynchonella (Hemithyris) psittacea 18; ■ 

Bictocyma mirdbilis 183 

Eissa tridactyla 200 

Eosace® 191 

Euins, Eskimo 22,27,37 

Rumex salicif ormis 191 

Eussula 192 

S. 

Saduria entomon 142 

Sagitta sp 156 

Salix buxifolia 1. 191 

chlorophylla 191 

fulcrata 191 

glacialis 191 

myrtilloides 191 

ovalifolia 191 

polaris 191 

rotundifolia 191 

Salmonida? 132 

Salpa hercnlea 167 

Salvelinus malma 132 

Sandpiper, Baird's 112 

Bonaparte's 112 

buff-breasted 114 

curlew 113 

pectoral Ill 

red-backed 113 

semipalmated 113 

Sarsia rosaria 164, 165 

Saxicola oenauthe 104 

Saxifragacernua 191 

flagellars 191 

hturacifolia 191 

bircnlus 191 

oppoaitifolia 191 



694 



INDEX. 



Saxifraga punctata var. nana 191 

rivularis var. hyperborea 191 

sileniflora 191 

stellaris var. convexa 191 

Saxifragse 191 

Scala groenlandica 182 

Scatophaga sp 13 

Sckwatka, Lieutenant, meeting with 33 

Sea, temperature of 337-338 

Sea-ice, temperature of 337-338 

" Sea- strawberries" 162 

Seal, bearded 96 

harbor 95 

ribbon 97 

ringed 95 

Senecio frigidus 191 

Sertularella tricuspidata , 166 

Sertularia loricata 167 

variabilis 165 

Sheep, mountain 98 

Shelter, instrument, description of 203 

Ships, arrival of 1 30 

Shrewmouse, Forster's 102 

Sipunculidae 156 

Snipe, red-bellied 110 

robin 110 

Snowbird, black 107 

Snow-blindness 28 

Snowbunting 105,106,107 

Snow-goggles 28 

found in shaft 37 

Solaster endeca 160 

papposus 150 

Somateria spectabilis 120, 138 

v. nigra 119,200 

Sorex forsteri 102 

Sparrow, intermediate white-crowned 107 

Spermophile, Parry's 103 

Spermophilus empetra 103 

Sponges 168 

Squatarola helvetica 109 

Station, closing of 32 

description of 23 

geographical position of 454 

location of 22 

Staurophora mertensii 164, 165 

Stegocephalus ampulla 145 

inflatus 145 

kessleri 145 

Stellaria humifusa 191 

longipes var. Edwardsii 191 

Stenorhynchus phalangium 137 

Stercorarius crepidatus 126 

parasiticus 126, 200 

pomatorhinus 126 

Sterna macrura 126 

St. Michael's, arrival at 33 

Stonechat 104 

Strepsilas interpres 108, 200 

melanocephala 109 

Strombella Beringii 181 

malleata 181 

Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis 158 



Surface-life under ice, notes on 193 

at sea, notes on 197 

Swallow, bank ' 105 

Swan, whistling 116 

Syllidifi 154 

Synidotea bicuspida 143 

T. 

Tachinid 134 

Talitrus Edwardsii 145 

Taraxacum officinale var. lividum 191 

Teletbusese 154 

Temperature coefficient, balance magnetometer- 529 

bifilar magnetometer.. 510 

Tern, arctic 126 

Thalassema vulgaris 156 

Thaliacea 167 

Thamnolia vermicularis 192 

Themisto arctica 144 

erassicornis 144 

gaudichaudii 144 

libellula 144 

Thuiaria cylindrica 166 

Tide-gauge, description of 677 

location of 678 

Tides - 677 

disturbance of 26 

Tilesia gracilis • 130 

Tipulidse 134 

Toxoponeustes drobachiensis 158 

Transmittal, letters of 2 

Travisia forbesii 154 

Trichotropis borealis 181 

(Iphinoe) arctica 181 

Tringa canutus 110 

Tritropis aculeata 145 

Tritonium Beringii 181 

Trochostoma boreale 157 

(Molpadia) boreale 157 

Trophon clathratus 181 

Trout 21,49,132 

Tryngites rufescens 114 

Tubularia indivisa 166 

sp 166 

Tunicata 166 

Tunicates, summary of 170 

Turnstone 108 

black 109 

Turris-like medusa 164,165 

Turritella erosa 181 

(Tachyrhynchus) polaris 181 

U. 

Ulva 192 

Umiak 22,39,95,96 

Umiak-cover 97 

Uraster violacea 158 

Uria grylle (= Cepphus mandtii) 128, 200 

Urocerus flavicornis 135 

Ursus arctos (?) 94 

marithnus 94 

Urticina erassicornis 162 

fclina 162. 



INDEX. 



695 



v. 

Page. 

Vaccinium vitis-idiea 191 

Valeriana capitata 191 

Velutina eoriacea 182 

Venericardia borealis 183 

novanglias 183 

Vermes 152 

Vulpes fulvus 93 

argentatus 93 

decussatus 93 

lagopus 93 

W. 

Walrus, Pacific 97 

ferocity of 98 

Whale, polar 100 

white 99 

Whaleboat, steam, trip to Seahorse Islands in . . 30 

Whales, first seen 24,30 



Page. 

Willows 191 

Wind, direction and velocity of 2G2-285 

Wolf 93 

superstition regarding 93 

Wolverine 94 

Worms, summary of 169 

X. 

Xema sabinei 125 

Y. 

Yoldia lanceolata 183 

limatula 183 

myalis 183 

Z. 

Zonites (Conulus) Stearnsii 177 

(Hyalina) radiatula 178 

Zonotrichia gambeli intermedia 107 



